Datasets:

juanluisdb

/

triviaqa-bge-m3-logits

like 0

[ "WASHINGTON — The Council on American-Islamic Relations on Wednesday demanded that Nike Inc. apologize for using a logo on athletic shoes that resembles the word \"Allah\" in the Arabic script.", "Indeed, art and graphics have an uncanny way of vitiating the Muslim world’s atmosphere. In 1994, Muslims threatened German supermodel Claudia Schiffer with death after she wore a Karl Lagerfeld–designed dress printed with a saying from the Koran. In 1997, outraged Muslims forced Nike to recall 800,000 shoes because they claimed the company’s “Air” logo looked like the Arabic script for “Allah.” In 1998, another conflagration spread over Unilever’s ice-cream logo — which Muslims claimed looked like “Allah” if read upside-down and backwards (can’t recall what they said it resembled if you viewed it with 3D glasses).", "The Council on American-Islamic Relations on Wednesday demanded that Nike Inc. apologize for using a logo on athletic shoes that resembles the word \"Allah\" in the Arabic script. Nike said the logo was meant to look like flames for a line of shoes to be sold this summer with the names Air Bakin', Air Melt, Air Grill and Air B-Que. The company said it caught the problem six months ago, long before the shoes went into production.", "Previously, Nike created (and recalled) a shoe with a logo that looked like Arabic script for Allah . And in 2003, a Nike basketball sneaker called Loaded Weapon -- endorsed by Dwyane Wade -- drew some criticism because, oh, guns can be dangerous. Especially loaded ones.", "APA style: MUSLIMS WANT NIKE TO APOLOGIZE : COUNCIL SAYS LOGO RESEMBLES ALLAH IN ARABIC SCRIPT.. (n.d.) >The Free Library. (2014). Retrieved Jan 02 2017 from https://www.thefreelibrary.com/MUSLIMS+WANT+NIKE+TO+APOLOGIZE+%3a+COUNCIL+SAYS+LOGO+RESEMBLES+ALLAH+IN...-a083863678", "A row broke out after the company used a logo meant to look like flames on a line of basketball shoes to be sold this summer, with the names \"Air Bakin'\", \"Air Melt\", \"Air Grill\" and \"Air B-Que\". Some Muslims claimed that the logo resembled the word \"Allah\" written in Arabic script.", "In 2014, Katy Perry's video for \"Dark Horse\" caused offense to some Muslims, over Perry's character turning a man wearing a pendant that says Allah, the Arabic word for God, into sand, with the necklace burned by lightning shot from Perry's fingers. A petition accused Perry of \"representing an opposition of God\" and demanded that the video should be taken down from YouTube. ", "In August 2014, Zara received criticism for selling a toddler T-shirt for closely resembling uniforms worn by Jewish concentration camp inmates. The T-shirt was striped and featured a yellow star similar to the Star of David. Zara said that the design of the shirt was inspired by “the sheriff’s stars from the classic western films.” After being on sale for a few short hours, Zara immediately removed the shirt and apologized. [53] Zara received heavy criticism for selling the T-shirt in Israel because Israel does not have sheriffs. Additionally, the word “Sheriff” is outlined in transparent letters on the bright yellow star. [53] The Anti-Defamation League responded to the shirt saying it was offensive but welcomed Zara’s recognition of the potential imagery and removing the shirt from sale. [54]", "In 2002, Christmas crackers containing plastic toy red pandas sporting swastikas were pulled from shelves after complaints from consumers in Canada. The manufacturer, based in China, explained the symbol was presented in a traditional sense and not as a reference to the Nazis, and apologized to the customers for the cross-cultural mixup. In 2007, Spanish fashion chain Zara withdrew a handbag from its stores after a customer in Britain complained swastikas were embroidered on it. The bags were made by a supplier in India and inspired by commonly used Hindu symbols, which include the swastika. ", "At the beginning of September 2006 and then again in early 2008, Starbucks temporarily reintroduced its original brown logo on paper hot-drink cups. Starbucks has stated that this was done to show the company's heritage from the Pacific Northwest and to celebrate 35 years of business. The vintage logo sparked some controversy due in part to the siren's bare breasts, but the temporary switch garnered little attention from the media. Starbucks had drawn similar criticism when they reintroduced the vintage logo in 2006. The logo was altered when Starbucks entered the Saudi Arabian market in 2000 to remove the siren, leaving only her crown, as reported in a Pulitzer Prize-winning column by Colbert I. King in The Washington Post in 2002. The company announced three months later that it would be using the international logo in Saudi Arabia. ", "At the beginning of September 2006 and then again in early 2008, Starbucks temporarily reintroduced its original brown logo on paper hot-drink cups. Starbucks has stated that this was done to show the company's heritage from the Pacific Northwest and to celebrate 35 years of business. The vintage logo sparked some controversy due in part to the siren's bare breasts, [135] but the temporary switch garnered little attention from the media. Starbucks had drawn similar criticism when they reintroduced the vintage logo in 2006. [136] The logo was altered when Starbucks entered the Saudi Arabian market in 2000 to remove the siren, leaving only her crown, [137] as reported in a Pulitzer Prize -winning column by Colbert I. King in The Washington Post in 2002. The company announced three months later that it would be using the international logo in Saudi Arabia. [138]", "* The now-defunct Mercury car brand from Ford Motor Co. was named after the Roman god. The first logo the Mercury brand used was a side profile of Mercury's head, complete with winged helmet.", "In July 2016, complaints were made against Zara that they had been stealing designs from multiple independent designers for their products. One of the designers, Tuesday Bassen, who previously worked with brands like Urban Outfitters and Nike, got in touch with Zara, and received a response from Zara that claimed that Bassen’s designs were not distinctive enough, and that they received only a handful of complaints given the large volume of traffic they receive on their site. When the news was eventually picked up by media outlets, and Inditex, Zara’s owning company, was asked to comment on the issue, Inditex replied that the items in question have been suspended from sale, and that they are in contact with Bassen’s lawyer to clarify and address the issue. [55] [56]", "Their tactics rankled the fashion establishment, which looked down on Hilfiger’s naked self-promotion-Calvin Klein even got into a shouting match with the billboard’s creator at a New York City restaurant. Though Hilfiger was embarrassed by the fallout, the bold tactics worked. Hilfiger’s line of preppy clothes with his trademark red, white and blue logo soon became wildly popular. By the early 1990s, the hip-hop world embraced oversized versions of Hilfiger’s clothes, and the brand assiduously courted rap stars and celebrities. Snoop Dogg’s choice of a giant Tommy Hilfiger t-shirt during a Saturday Night Live performance in March 1994 brought sales figures to an all-time high.", "In 2013, the Dunkin' Donuts chain in Thailand used an advertisement that contained a photograph of a woman in black face-paint, in order to promote its new chocolate flavored donuts. The company was criticized for the advertisement, with the Human Rights Watch calling the advertisement “bizarre and racist”. The headquarters in the United States apologized for the advertisement. ", "Like Nike before it, Burger King did as bid and pulled thousands of ice-cream cones from sales. This won it the approbation of the Muslim Council of Britain, whose spokesman, Inayat Bunglawala, commended \"the sensitive and prompt action to prevent any hurt being caused to the religious sensibilities of others.\" (September 16, 2005)", "The flag of Saudi Arabia bears the shahada or Islamic declaration of faith. Because the shahada is considered holy, Saudi Arabia's flag code is extremely strict and even the slightest violation amounts to desecration not only of the flag but is also blasphemous to Islam. This has led to several incidents of controversy. In 1994, McDonald's printed carry-out bags bearing the flags of all nations participating in the FIFA World Cup (with a green flag with Saudi Arabia's coat of arms superimposed, rather than the Saudi flag), while Coca-Cola did the same on cans of soda. Because of Saudi outrage, the companies stopped producing those items. Also during the FIFA World Cup, in 2002, Saudi officials protested against printing the flag on a soccer ball on the belief that kicking the creed with the foot was totally unacceptable.", "The logo for the label was not as obvious a design element as those on bags from other prominent luxury brands such as Louis Vuitton. It tried to market its lack of prestigious appeal, including the apparel, was its image of \"anti-status\" or \"reverse snobbery.\"", "Anyway, the renaming was gradual, starting with Vidal Sassoon Redline products in fall 1998, and not yet completed by late 2001. However, the new company logo had a large vee ess over the name Sassoon in capitals, and the company apparently treated ``VS Sassoon'' and ``Sassoon'' as equivalent, sort of like Coke and Coca-Cola. This is one of those rare intentional AAP 's. It wasn't not a very good intention, because the Sassoon brand's value was in its high-end-niche name recognition, and those who recognize the name know that ``VS Sassoon'' doesn't make sense.", "When introduced in the early '00s, the logo was sometimes animated with the arrow moving under the letters, but it was nixed after some suggested the arrow looked a little, er, phallic.", "In 2010, Gap decided it wanted to change its logo into a more modern version and abruptly announced a new logo. The clothing company was greeted by backlash from thousands of angry customers in social media , who were attached to the recognizable blue box with 'GAP' written in the center. For Gap, the saying, \"if it ain't broke, don't fix it\" would've been sound advice. Its customers were already loyal to the original logo.", "Wolff Olins, the company behind the rebranding, is one of the top five marketing agencies in the country and designed the controversial logo for the London 2012 Olympics.", "Interestingly it is said that the choice of an animal and the colors used on the logo (gold on a black background, and a charging bull) are suspiciously similar to the Ferrari logo (a black horse on a yellow background). It is believed that this was no accident on the part of Lamborghini, who had a long standing (and not always friendly) rivalry with Ferrari.", "In mid-2003 objections were made to a Harvey Nichols magazine advertisement that appeared in Vogue, ELLE and Harpers & Queen and on a poster. The complainants objected that the advertisement was irresponsible, because it showed unsafe driving and was offensive to people who had been, or who knew people who had been involved in road accidents. ", "He said: ’The logo was hideous enough but now we have these ridiculous, infantile mascots. Who is to blame for this I ask you?", "Not long ago Brand X was just a way to dismiss a brand as generic. (Or to diss competitors by not acknowledging them by name in commercials.) Then suddenly X acquired panache and power, as in Microsoft’s Xbox, Nissan’s XTerra, and The X Games from ESPN. What happened? The reasons go back to developments in the culture at large.", "This is the emblem of a company that makes clothes aimed at black American consumers. It appears on their clothing (along with the company's acronym below, which I don't recall), but it may have passed into common usage.", "In 2006, Muslim groups complained about the release of a blow up doll named Mustafa Shag, claiming that the doll was offensive to Muslims as Mustafa was one of the names given to the Prophet Mohamed . [19]", "The magazine, which had long antagonized Muslims with its depictions of the prophet, carried a cover cartoon depicting Muhammad holding a \"Je Suis Charlie\" sign.", "The company has received criticism over its provocative advertising. The company has been accused of promoting the sexualization of pre-teen girls, for example by marketing thongs to 10-year-olds and padded bikini tops to 7-year-olds. ", "In 2006, Muslim groups complained about the release of a blow up doll named Mustafa Shag, claiming that the doll was offensive to Muslims as Mustafa was one of the names given to the Prophet Mohamed. [37]", "In 2006, Muslim groups complained about the release of a blow up doll named Mustafa Shag, claiming that the doll was offensive to Muslims as Mustafa was one of the names given to the Prophet Mohamed. " ]

[ 5.875, 5.7421875, 5.66796875, 4.234375, 2.669921875, 2.048828125, -0.71142578125, -2.931640625, -3.248046875, -3.599609375, -3.61328125, -3.98828125, -4.1640625, -4.953125, -5.07421875, -5.08984375, -5.76953125, -5.85546875, -5.91015625, -6.66796875, -6.6953125, -6.828125, -7.05078125, -7.5703125, -7.6796875, -7.70703125, -9.5546875, -10.0390625, -10.1875, -10.421875, -10.4609375, -10.8828125 ]

[ "Note: Click \"Show More\" for lyrics. This video has been color restored and sharpened to the highest quality I could obtain. From Wikipedia: Blue Swede was a Swedish rock band from the early- to mid-1970s that succeeded with a few singles which were covers of other artists' material. The band was first formed in 1973, when Björn Skifs, a top vocalist in Sweden, was looking for a band to accompany him during his concerts. The band was originally called \"Blåblus\" (Swedish for \"blue blouse\", a pun on the word \"blues\") and featured Skifs singing the lead vocals. The band got their international breakthrough in 1974 with their cover of the 1969 B. J. Thomas song \"Hooked on a Feeling\". Released that same year on their album Hooked on a Feeling, Blue Swede's version was adapted from British pop eccentric Jonathan King, using his ooga-chaka ooga-chaka background on a version he had earlier recorded of the same song. \"Hooked on a Feeling\" was released in Sweden in May 1973 and in the United States in February 1974, and reached #1 for one week in the U.S. staying in the Billboard Hot 100 chart for 18 weeks. The R.I.A.A. granted gold disc status on 28 March 1974. The track also topped charts in Canada, Australia and the Netherlands.", "Blue Swede was a Swedish rock band fronted by Björn Skifs which was active between 1973-1975. Blue Swede released two albums of cover versions, including a rendition of \"Hooked on a Feeling\", which brought them international chart success. The band consisted of Anders Berglund (piano), Björn Skifs (lead vocals), Bosse Liljedahl (bass), Hinke Ekestubbe (saxophone), Jan Guldbäck (drums), Michael Areklew (guitar) and Tommy Berglund (trumpet). They disbanded after Skifs decided to embark on his solo career.", "The band was originally called \"Blåblus\" (Swedish for \"blue blouse\" or \"blue jeans\", a pun on the word \"blues\" ) and featured Skifs singing the lead vocals. The band got their international breakthrough in 1974 with their cover of the 1968 B. J. Thomas song \"Hooked on a Feeling.\" Blue Swede recorded Thomas' song in 1973, but based its rendition of the song on a 1971 version released by British pop eccentric Jonathan King, which created the \"ooga-chaka ooga-chaka\" introduction. Blue Swede released \"Hooked on a Feeling\" in Sweden in May 1973 and in the United States in February 1974. The song reached number one in the U.S. for one week in April 1974 and stayed in the Billboard Hot 100 chart for 18 weeks. The track also topped charts in Australia, Canada, and the Netherlands, where it reached a peak chart position of 26. To capitalize on the success of the song, Blue Swede released an album of the same name that same year.", "1974 - The group, Blue Swede, received a gold record for the single, Hooked on a Feeling. As payback for tormenting listeners worldwide with the introduction of �ooga-chocka, ooga-chocka,� when the group played their gold record, they heard the original B.J. Thomas version of Hooked on a Feeling. They were so excited by this development, they ooga-chocka�d all night long.", "\"Dancing Queen\" is a song by the Swedish group ABBA, and the lead single from their fourth studio album, Arrival. It was written by Benny Andersson, Björn Ulvaeus and Stig Anderson. Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus also produced the song. It was released as a single in Sweden on 16 August 1976, followed by a UK release and the rest of Europe a few days later. It quickly became a monumental worldwide hit, receiving extensive radio airplay and gaining popularity at nightclubs. It became ABBA's only number one hit in the United States, also topping the charts in Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, West Germany and Zimbabwe, and reaching the Top 5 in many other countries. ", "The group's breakthrough came with winning the Eurovision Song Contest for Sweden with \"Waterloo\" on 6 April 1974. During the next eight years, Andersson (together with Ulvaeus) wrote music for and produced eight studio albums with ABBA. The group achieved great success globally and scored a chain of No. 1 hits.", "Benny Andersson  (born 16 December 1946 in  Stockholm , Sweden) became (at age 18) the member of a popular Swedish pop-rock group,  The Hep Stars , that performed covers of international hits. The Hep Stars were known as \"The Swedish Beatles\". They also set up Hep House, their equivalent of the  Apple Corps . Andersson played the keyboard and eventually started writing original compositions for his band, many of which became major hits including \"No Response\" that hit number 3 in 1965, \"Sunny Girl\", \"Wedding\" and \"Consolation\", all of which hit number 1 in 1966. Andersson also had a fruitful songwriting collaboration with  Lasse Berghagen , with whom he composed his first  Svensktoppen  entry \"Sagan om lilla Sofi\" (\"The Story of Little Sophie\") in 1968.", "Fältskog met Björn Ulvaeus, a member of the Hootenanny Singers, for the first time in 1968, and then again in 1969. Her relationship with Ulvaeus, as well as her friendship with Anni-Frid Lyngstad and Benny Andersson, with whom Ulvaeus had already written songs, eventually led to the formation of ABBA. Fältskog and Ulvaeus married on 6 July 1971 in the village of Verum, with Andersson playing the organ at their wedding. Their first child, Linda Elin Ulvaeus, was born on 23 February 1973, and their son Peter Christian Ulvaeus on 4 December 1977. The couple decided to separate in late 1978, and Fältskog moved out of their home on Christmas night, 25 December 1978. In January 1979 the couple filed for divorce, which was finalised in June 1980. Both Fältskog and Ulvaeus agreed not to let their failed marriage interfere with their responsibilities with ABBA. The failure of their marriage inspired Ulvaeus to write \"The Winner Takes It All\", one of ABBA's greatest hits.", "For 1973, the band and their manager Stig Anderson decided to have another try at Melodifestivalen, this time with the song \" Ring Ring \". The studio sessions were handled by  Michael B. Tretow , who experimented with a \" wall of sound \" production technique that became the wholly new ABBA sound. Anderson arranged an English translation of the lyrics by  Neil Sedaka and Phil Cody and they thought this would be a surefire winner, but in Melodifestivalen, on 10 February 1973, it was placed third, and thus never reached the international Eurovision Song Contest. Nevertheless, the proto-group released their debut studio album, called  Ring Ring . The album did well and the \"Ring Ring\" single was a hit in many parts of Europe and also in South Africa. However, Stig Anderson felt the true breakthrough could only come with a UK or US hit. [18]", "The personal relationships and Andersson and Ulvaeus' songwriting collaboration has led quite naturally to the very close co-operation which the four friends had during the following years. Benny and Björn scored their first hits as songwriters in the spring of 1969: \"Ljuva sextital\" (a hit with Brita Borg) and \"Speleman\" (a hit for the Hep Stars). As the two couples began supporting each other during recording sessions, the sound of the girls' voices convinced the songwriters to model their 'group' on various MOR acts such as Blue Mink, Middle of the Road and Sweet. Thus, ABBA came to life.", "In her teens, pre-ABBA, The Blonde One was a busy songwriter, reaching Number One in the Swedish charts aged 17. Fältskog had 18 solo hits before joining the band. But presented with the alchemical magic of Andersson/Ulvaeus partnership, she had happily given up writing. I’m Still Alive, then, was a rare return to composition – all the rarer for never appearing on an ABBA album.", "All four members made their last public appearance, as four friends more than as ABBA, in January 1986, when they recorded a video of themselves performing an acoustic version of \"Tivedshambo\", which was the first song written by their manager, Stig Anderson, for a Swedish TV show honouring Anderson on his 55th birthday. The four had not seen each other for more than two years. That same year they also performed privately at another friend's 40th birthday: their old tour manager, Claes af Geijerstam . They sang a self-composed song titled \"Der Kleine Franz\" that later was to surface in Chess. The same year ABBA Live was released, featuring selections of live performances from the group's 1977 and 1979 tours. Their last appearance as a group was filmed privately by Anders Glenmark. They were guests on the 50th birthday of Görel Hanser in 1999. Hanser was a long-time friend of all four, and also former secretary of Stig Anderson. Honouring Görel, ABBA performed a Swedish birthday song \"Med En Enkel Tulipan\" a cappella . [29]", "In 1970, she released \"Om tårar vore guld\" (\"If Tears Were Gold\"), which was perhaps her most successful song in Sweden before ABBA. This was in spite of a claim from a Danish composer that she had used 22 bars from his composition \"Tema\" (\"Theme\"), even though it had been written in the 1950s and had never been recorded. The case dragged on until 1977, when a settlement was reached and Fältskog paid the Dane SEK5,000. In 1972, Fältskog portrayed Mary Magdalene in the Swedish production of the international musical hit Jesus Christ Superstar.", "In the first half of 1971, the four artists worked more together, adding vocals to the others' recordings. Fältskog, Andersson and Ulvaeus toured together in May, while Lyngstad toured on her own. Frequent recording sessions brought the foursome tighter together during the summer.After the 1970 release of Andersson's and Ulvaeus' album \"'Lycka'\", two more singles credited to 'Björn & Benny' were released in Sweden,\"'Det kan ingen doktor hjälpa'\"(\"No doctor can help with that\") and \"'Tänk om jorden vore ung'\"(\"Imagine if the Earth were young\"), but clearly with more prominent vocals by Fältskog and Lyngstad - and with moderate chart success.", "Anni-Frid Synni, Princess Reuss of Plauen (; born Anni-Frid Synni Lyngstad,;, 15 November 1945), widely known as Frida Lyngstad or by just the mononym Frida (;), is a Swedish pop and jazz singer. Born in Norway to a Norwegian mother and a German father, she grew up in Sweden and reached international stardom as a member of the pop group ABBA, which has sold over 380 million albums and singles worldwide, making them one of the best-selling music artists in history. After the break-up of ABBA, she continued an international solo singing career with mixed success. In 1996, Frida recorded her final album before 'retiring' from music. She now focuses on environmental issues.", "The rest of 1999 brings sadness in July when the Berggrens' father Göran dies of a heart attack but joy in November when Jonas' first child Julia is born. In October a new single is released to promote the surprise release of a greatest hits compilation, \"C'est La Vie (Always 21)\". It only gets to #50 in Sweden and #64 in Germany though and due to a complete lack of support the UK release is cancelled, although \"Singles Of The 90s\" comes out anyway and enters at #62 before triumphantly disappearing altogether.", "ABBA's popularity continued in 1977, when both \"Knowing Me, Knowing You\" and \"The Name of the Game\" dominated airwaves. The group also starred in the feature film ABBA -- The Movie, which was released in 1978. That year Andersson and Lyngstad married, as had Ulvaeus and Faltskog in 1971, although the latter couple separated a few months later; in fact, romantic suffering was the subject of many songs on the quartet's next LP, 1979's Voulez-Vous. Shortly after the release of 1980s Super Trouper, Andersson and Lyngstad divorced as well, further straining the group dynamic; The Visitors, issued the following year, was the final LP of new ABBA material, and the foursome officially disbanded after the December 1982 release of their single \"Under Attack.\"", "For 1973, the band and their manager Stig Anderson decided to have another try at the Melodifestivalen, this time with the song \"Ring Ring.\" The studio sessions were handled by Michael B. Tretow, who experimented with a\" wall of sound \"production technique that became the wholly new ABBA sound. Anderson arranged an English translation of the lyrics by Neil Sedaka and Phil Cody and they thought this would be a surefire winner, but in the Melodifestivalen, on 10 February 1973, it placed third, and thus never reached the international contest. Nevertheless the proto-group put out their first album, called 'Ring Ring'. The album did well and the\" Ring Ring \" single was a hit in many parts of Europe and also in South Africa, but Stig Anderson felt the true breakthrough could only come with a UK or US hit.", "n January 14th, 1981, a secret wedding service was held in a church in Stockholm. Björn and his girlfriend Lena were married. On January 25th, Stig Anderson celebrated his fiftieth birthday. A party was planned with over 300 guests and ABBA performed a special song written for the occasion, Hovas Vittne.", "ABBA was a pop music group formed in Sweden in 1972. The band consisted of Anni-Frid Lyngstad, Björn Ulvaeus, Benny Andersson and Agnetha Faltskog. They topped the charts worldwide from the mid-1970s to the early 1980s. The name \"ABBA\" is an acronym formed from the first letters of each of the group members' given names (Agnetha, Björn, Benny, Anni-Frid), and the group took this name officially in late 1973. The group's name is officially trademarked with the first \"B\" reversed.", "Long-Runner Lineup : If you go by the release dates of their singles, regardless of the band's name (\"Ring Ring\" was released in June 1972 when the band was called Björn & Benny, Agentha & Frida; \"Under Attack\" was released in December 1982), they just managed to qualify as a Type One. If you go by their use of the name ABBA (adopted in late 1973), they just missed qualifying.", "Of course, songs like “Knowing Me, Knowing You,” “Dancing Queen” and “When I Kissed the Teacher” are probably the best examples of how far Abba had come on Arrival. The first was a pristine specimen of the sophisticated American pop with which Benny and Bjorn were quickly becoming obsessed. Mid-tempo, richly detailed arrangement (still emphasizing walls of acoustic guitar and keyboards, though now processed and filtered beyond any kind of natural reverberation), this was a tune that could have been interpreted as being about internal conflicts, though was as likely an attempt to be Fleetwood Mac. In any case, they were flying so high by then that they didn’t even have the chance to release it as a single until early 1977.", "Björn Ulvaeus has not appeared on stage performing music since ABBA, but had a reunion with his co-members of The Hootenanny Singers on 16 July 2005 at a music festival in his hometown of Västervik, singing their 1966 hit \"Marianne\".", "Fältskog worked as a telephonist for a car firm while performing with a local dance band, headed by Bernt Enghardt. The band soon became so popular that she had to make a choice between her job and her musical career. She continued singing with the Bernt Enghardt band for two years. During that time, Fältskog broke up with her boyfriend Björn Lilja; this event inspired her to write a song, \"Jag var så kär\" (\"I Was So in Love\"), that would soon raise her to media prominence. At that time, Karl Gerhard Lundkvist, a relative of one of the band's members, retired from his successful rock and roll career and began working as a record producer at Cupol Records. Enghardt sent him a demo recording of the band, but Lundkvist only showed interest in Fältskog and her song. She was worried because he was not interested in the band and they were not to be included on the record. However, she decided to accept the offer, and signed a recording contract with CBS Records.", "Björn Ulvaeus (born 25 April 1945 in Gothenburg/Göteborg, Sweden) also began his musical career at 18 (as a singer and guitarist), when he fronted The Hootenanny Singers, a popular Swedish folk–skiffle group. Ulvaeus started writing English-language songs for his group, and even had a brief solo career alongside. The Hootenanny Singers and The Hep Stars sometimes crossed paths while touring. In June 1966, Ulvaeus and Andersson decided to write a song together. Their first attempt was \"Isn't It Easy to Say\", a song later recorded by The Hep Stars. Stig Anderson was the manager of The Hootenanny Singers and founder of the Polar Music label. He saw potential in the collaboration, and encouraged them to write more. The two also began playing occasionally with the other's bands on stage and on record, although it was not until 1969 that the pair wrote and produced some of their first real hits together: \"Ljuva sextital\" (\"Sweet Sixties\"), recorded by Brita Borg, and The Hep Stars' 1969 hit \"Speleman\" (\"Fiddler\").", "ABBA consisted of Agnetha Fältskog (vocals), Björn Ulvaeus (guitar, vocals), Benny Andersson (keyboards), and Anni-Frid ‘Frida’ Lyngstad (vocals). Nearly all the band’s songs were written by Andersson and Ulvaeus, with occasional contributions from their manager Stig Andersson.", "*Stikkan Andersson wrote the Swedish lyrics. Entitled \"Fröken Fredriksson\", it was Björn Ulvaeus' second solo single (Polar POS 162)", "Bjorn Skifs sang Hooked on a feeling i think in the 70's. Now did he write that song, Is it a swedish song? And what was the name of his group?", "Who sang a song late 70,s\\80,s called diggy lou diggy lay, there were 3 boys i think they wore silver\\gold short boots.Not sure from denmark\\sweden?", "The norwedien song is called \"Sam��d �dnan\" sunged by Sverre Kjellsberg and Mattis H�tta.  (Only problem; the song is not from 1968, it is from 1980, where it became number 16.) The sung is in both norwedien and samic languages. The song is available right now on a cd called \"Grand Prix Greatest Hits\" by Universal Music Denmark.", "In 1979, Swedish singer Siv-Inger recorded the song with lyrics in Swedish by Margot Borgström, as Varför (Why), on the album Liv och kärlek (Life and Love). and charted at Svensktoppen with the song for 10 weeks between 30 March-1 June 1980, peaking at fourth position. ", "In this round, each question has a link to the works of Sweden’s greatest export. You don’t have to know the songs – but if you don’t, shame on you!" ]

[ 2.5859375, 2.275390625, 1.4775390625, -1.0556640625, -1.25390625, -2.58203125, -2.91796875, -4.05859375, -4.35546875, -4.41015625, -4.51953125, -4.70703125, -4.77734375, -4.9296875, -5.10546875, -5.3125, -5.41796875, -5.52734375, -5.60546875, -5.6953125, -6.203125, -6.3828125, -6.5078125, -6.5234375, -7.12109375, -8.2109375, -8.3515625, -8.9609375, -9.296875, -9.34375, -9.3671875, -9.765625 ]

[ "New York-born Sir Jacob Epstein was a pioneer of modern sculpture, boldly challenging taboos through his public works.", "Sir Jacob Epstein, (born Nov. 10, 1880, New York , N.Y., U.S.—died Aug. 21, 1959, London , Eng.), one of the leading portrait sculptors of the 20th century, whose work, though seldom innovative, was widely heralded for its perceptive depiction of the sitter’s character and its modeling technique.", "Sir Jacob Epstein (10 November 1880  – 19 August 1959) was an American-born British sculptor who worked chiefly in the UK, where he pioneered modern sculpture , often producing controversial works that challenged taboos concerning what public artworks appropriately depict. He also painted, and exhibited pictures regularly in exhibitions. [1]", "Sir Jacob Epstein KBE (10 November 1880 – 19 August 1959) was an American-born British sculptor who helped pioneer modern sculpture. He was born in the United States, and moved to Europe in 1902, becoming a British citizen in 1911. He often produced controversial works which challenged taboos on what was appropriate subject matter for public artworks. He also made paintings and drawings, and often exhibited his work.", "The American-born British sculptor Sir Jacob Epstein, was one of the most important early pioneers of Modern British sculpture during the 1930s and 40s. Although he was also a successful portraitist, sculpting the portraits of eminent people such as Winston Churchill, TS Eliot and Albert Einstein, his real desire was to create serious and meaningful sculpture that would 'confront our enfeebled generation'. Although a master of stone and marble sculpture , as well as wood-carving , many of his works proved controversial, but his Bohemian appearance and connections to high society ensured that he was not ignored. His Rock Drill (1913, original now lost) astounded many when it was exhibited in 1915, both for its brutality and its use of real mechanical parts. Other noteworthy works include The Tomb of Oscar Wilde (1912, Pere Lachaise Cemetery, Paris) and Jacob and the Angel (1940, Granada Television Studios). He ranks alongside Henry Moore, David Hockney and Lucian Freud as one of the greatest modern artists of 20th century Britain. See also works by his German expressionist contemporary Wilhelm Lehmbruck (1881-1919).", "\"...LONDON (AP)—Sir Jacob Epstein, who rose from the East Side slums of New York to world fame as a sculptor, is dead at 78 of heart trou...", "He studied art in his native New York as a teenager, sketching the city, and joined the Art Students League of New York in 1900. For his livelihood, he worked in a bronze foundry by day, studying drawing and sculptural modeling at night. Epstein's first major commission was to illustrate Hutchins Hapgood 's Spirit of the Ghetto. The money from the commission was used by Epstein to move to Paris.", "He studied art in his native New York as a teenager, sketching the city, and joined the Art Students League of New York in 1900. For his livelihood, he worked in a bronze foundry by day, studying drawing and sculptural modelling at night. Epstein's first major commission was to illustrate Hutchins Hapgood's Spirit of the Ghetto. The money from the commission was used by Epstein to move to Paris.", "Epstein had frustrated artistic ambitions of his own. As a teenager, he’d announced that he wanted to pursue a career as a dress designer, an idea that his father, who owned a number of furniture stores in Liverpool, firmly quashed. Epstein then took up acting, studying at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London, although he eventually dropped out and returned to Liverpool.", "Epstein's parents were Polish Jewish refugees, [6] [7] living on New York's Lower East Side . His family was middle-class, and he was the third of five children. His interest in drawing came from long periods of illness; as a child he suffered from pleurisy .", "Epstein, however, received a commission that forced him to do academic work, a frieze of figures for niches along the third floor of a building designed by architect Charles Holden who recommended the newly arrived American. The theme was both old and new: the Ages of Man and science, but old ways won out. No one was stuck by the irony of including female figures on the face of the building, no one was adult enough to not be upset with the sight of sculptural nudity, and no one was ironic enough to mention the presence of the Elgin Marbles at the British Museum, example of publicly nude sculptures. The titles were mild and inoffensive, Youth, Infancy, also known as The Newborn, Mentality, sometimes called The Brain), Chemical Research, Maternity, Primal Energy and Form Emerging from Chaos also called Matter. Victorian prudery had to be heard and there were the usual rumblings about naked men and naked women (and old men and women at that) three stories above the heads of the passersby on the Strand. Gustav Klimt might have heard echoes of this British version of the Viennese horror over his University paintings, but in fact the unsuitability of nude sculptures in modern public settings had been a problem for decades. The British Medical Association, apparently a progressive body for its time, stood up for its young artist and his inoffensive nudes, nakedness being the natural state of humans, especially those in the hands of the medical profession.", "In London, Epstein involved himself with a bohemian and artistic crowd. Revolting against ornate, pretty art, he made bold, often harsh and massive forms of bronze or stone. His sculpture is distinguished by its vigorous rough-hewn realism. Brilliantly avant-garde in concept and style, his works often shocked the general public. He often used expressively distorted figures, drawing more on non-Western art than the classical ideal. People in Liverpool nicknamed his nude male sculpture over the door of Lewis's department store \"Dickie Lewis\". Such factors may have focused disproportionate attention on certain aspects of Epstein's long and productive career, throughout which he aroused hostility, especially challenging taboos surrounding the depiction of sexuality.", "* Turner, Colin, A Caricature of a Sculptor. Jacob Epstein and the British Press: a critical analysis of old history and new evidence, (PhD Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009)", "Moving to Europe in 1902, he studied in Paris at the Académie Julian and the École des Beaux-Arts. He settled in London in 1905 and married Margaret Dunlop in 1906. In 1911 he became a British subject. Many of Epstein's works were sculpted at his two cottages in Loughton, Essex, where he lived first at number 49 then 50, Baldwin's Hill (there is a blue plaque on number 50). He served briefly in the 38th Battalion of the Royal Fusiliers aka the Jewish Legion during World War I.", "In the spring of 1913, an amazing instance of international solidarity occurred when a sizable cross section of the London- and Paris-based avant-garde signed a public petition protesting the Paris Municipal government’s official censorship of Jacob Epstein’s Tomb of Oscar Wilde, newly installed at the Père Lachaise cemetery ( Fig. 1 ). Published as a broadside in mid-March 1913 by the journal Action d’art, the petition was forgotten until Epstein highlighted it in his 1940 autobiography, 1 but scholars have yet to analyze the document’s contents or its relation to the ideology of the radicals [End Page 195]", "Epstein was one of the first sculptors to look beyond the boundaries of Europe for subject matter and materials. He embraced the aesthetics and drew influence from the cultures of India, Africa, Native Americans, and the Pacific Islands. For Epstein, art was an expression of human life, and thus needed to embrace all of humanity. His global outlook can be seen in works like Genesis (1929).", "His art is displayed all over the world; highly original for its time, its influence on the younger generation of sculptors such as Henry Moore and Barbara Hepworth was significant. According to June Rose, in her biography, Moore was befriended by the older sculptor during the early 1920s and visited Epstein in his studio. Epstein, along with Moore and Hepworth, all expressed a deep fascination with the non-western art from the British Museum.", "Epstein would often sculpt the images of friends, casual acquaintances, and even people dragged from the street into his studio almost at random. He worked even on his dying day. He also painted; many of his watercolours and gouaches were of Epping Forest, where he lived (at Loughton) and sculpted. These were often exhibited at the Leicester Gallery in London. His Monkwood Autumn and Pool, Epping Forest date from 1944–45.", "Jacob Epstein, Photograph of the Tomb of Oscar Wilde, Père Lachaise cemetery, Paris. n.d. Photographer: Jacqueline Hide. Henry Moore Institute and Leeds Museums & Galleries. Estate of Jacob Epstein", "Paris captivated young Epstein. During his six-month stay there in 1913, he met and became friendly with Picasso, Brancusi, and Modigliani. It was also around this time that he began to collect African and Pacific art.", "Jacob Epstein, “In the Offices of Vorwärts,” From Hutchins Hapgood, The Spirit of the Ghetto (New York: Funk & Wagnalls Co., 1965)", "Epstein also painted. Many of his watercolours and gouaches were of Epping Forest , where he lived (at Loughton ) and sculpted. These were often exhibited at the Leicester Gallery in London. His \"Monkwood Autumn\" and \"Pool, Epping Forest\" date from 1944-45.", "Photograph of the Tomb of Oscar Wilde in Epstein’s Studio, 1912. Henry Moore Institute and Leeds Museums & Galleries. Estate of Jacob Epstein", "London was not ready for Epstein's first major commission — 18 large nude sculptures made in 1908 for the façade of Charles Holden's building for the British Medical Association on The Strand (now Zimbabwe House) were initially considered shocking to Edwardian sensibilities. One of the most famous of Epstein's early commissions is the tomb of Oscar Wilde in Pere Lachaise cemetery, Paris, \"which was condemned as indecent and at one point was covered in tarpaulin by the French police.\"[10]", "In June 1912, Epstein’s provocative mix of ancient and modern was exhibited in his London studio to great general acclaim (Figs. 7 and 8). Given that the choice of Epstein to carve Wilde’s tomb represented a potentially explosive merger of two artists infamous for pushing the limits of artistic decency, the relative moral merits of Epstein’s monument to Wilde—the naked figure adorning which struck many as uncannily resembling the deceased—prompted surprisingly little negative comment from the press. The New York Times London correspondent visited Epstein’s studio to view the monument, and recorded: “It is a strange, weird, haunting conception, this massive, squarely-blocked-out tomb to which is attached a very archaic winged figure, with the somewhat conventionalized features of Oscar Wilde” (“Art Notes” 15). One month later, the paper reported again on Epstein’s memorial, quoting another viewer’s take on the figure:", "The modern section of the gallery begins with the early twentieth century. “Modern Figures” looks at artists’ fascination with modern cities: cosmopolitan, noisy places with crowded streets, continually changing architecture and fast, mechanized transport, as well as new places of entertainment. It includes Jacob Epstein’s", "For Epstein, artistic creation and the sexual act were intrinsically and inexplicably linked. Sexuality and creativity were chaotic processes that expressed the most powerful drives in the human and natural world, and both resulted in the creation of something new. As a result of his frank and realistic sexual imagery, conventional artists, reviewers, and collectors considered him scandalous, yet in works like his Facade of the British Medical Association (1907-08) and Tomb of Oscar Wilde (1909-1912), he remained committed to sexual imagery.", "Despite the controversy that surrounded much of his work, Epstein gradually raised sympathy for his efforts. He published 2 volumes of autobiography (1940 and 1955) which helped raise awareness of what he was trying to achieve. The Arts Council gave him a retrospective exhibition at the Tate Gallery in 1953 and he was knighted the following year. Commemorative exhibitions were held in London and Edinburgh in 1961 and a retrospective in Leeds and London in 1987.", "New York City has more than 2,000 arts and cultural organizations and more than 500 art galleries of all sizes. The city government funds the arts with a larger annual budget than the National Endowment for the Arts. Wealthy business magnates in the 19th century built a network of major cultural institutions, such as the famed Carnegie Hall and the Metropolitan Museum of Art, that would become internationally established. The advent of electric lighting led to elaborate theater productions, and in the 1880s, New York City theaters on Broadway and along 42nd Street began featuring a new stage form that became known as the Broadway musical. Strongly influenced by the city's immigrants, productions such as those of Harrigan and Hart, George M. Cohan, and others used song in narratives that often reflected themes of hope and ambition.", "Jacob Epstein died August 19, 1959 in London, at the age of 79. Although he was Jewish, the Dean of Canterbury Cathedral performed his burial ceremony.", "Epstein died 21 August 1959 in London [3] and is buried in Putney Vale Cemetery . A blue plaque may be found at \"Deerhurst\", 50 Baldwins Hill in Loughton , which was his home from 1933 to 1950. [24]", "The American composer, playwright, actor, and producer George M. Cohan (1878-1942) is honored with a statue in Times Square, paying tribute to his famous line \"Give my regards to Broadway.\" Farther up Broadway, the Verdi Monument near 72nd Street pays tribute to Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi (1813-1901), who composed timeless operas such as Aida, La Traviata, Otello, and Rigoletto. Czech composer Antonin Dvorak (1841-1904) is depicted in Stuyvesant Square in Manhattan; Dvorak made this neighborhood his home for a time, settling for three years at 327 East 17th Street while serving as the director of the National Conservatory of Music in America. Finally, Central Park's Strawberry Fields, located on the west side of the park near 72nd Street, is a living memorial to the world-famous singer, songwriter, and social activist John Lennon (1940-1980), who found fame in the 1960s with the rock group the Beatles and settled in the 1970s at the landmark Dakota Apartments across the street, where he was tragically killed in 1980 by a gunman." ]

[ 6.33203125, 4.31640625, 4.28125, 3.66015625, 2.5625, 2.185546875, -0.3564453125, -0.408447265625, -0.5654296875, -0.69189453125, -2.2109375, -2.740234375, -2.8828125, -2.982421875, -3.201171875, -3.228515625, -3.373046875, -3.6171875, -3.64453125, -3.650390625, -3.82421875, -3.873046875, -4.015625, -4.23046875, -4.265625, -4.5546875, -4.5859375, -5.3984375, -5.6328125, -5.74609375, -5.84765625, -6.87109375 ]

[ "After its first bid for statehood was vetoed by President Andrew Johnson, Colorado entered the Union on August 1, 1876, the year the United States celebrated its centennial.", "Colorado joined the union in 1876, 100 years after the Declaration of Independence was signed. The state is also commonly referred to as “Colorful Colorado” because of the beautiful mountain backdrop.", "Colorado was admitted into the Union on August 1, 1876, becoming our Nation's 38th state. With statehood gained less than one month after the 100th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence, Colorado is nicknamed the \"Centennial State.\"", "On 1 August 1876, sixteen years after the territory’s formation, the State of Colorado was admitted to the Union and became the 38th state. That year, the U.S. was celebrating the 100th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence, which happened in July 1776. Among the events held that year was the Centennial Exposition, which was held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and was the first World's Fair to be held in the U.S. As the only state admitted that year — the only one between 1867 and 1889, in fact — Colorado quickly became known as the Centennial State by locals and strangers alike.", "Welcome to the state of Colorado. It's a land with a history of cliff dwellers, gold miners, railroad travelers, and homesteaders. It's a place associated with outdoor adventure, ski resorts, and many successful businesses. Entering the Union on August 1, 1876, the year the U.S. celebrated its 100th birthday, the 38th state is known as the Centennial State. Do you know anyone who lives in Colorado? Do you know who lived there 900 years ago?", "The state was named for the Colorado River, which early Spanish explorers named the Rio Colorado for the red colored (Spanish: Colorado) silt the river carried from the mountains. In 1861, Jefferson Territorial officials decided that \"Colorado\" would be a fitting name for a new territory. Colorado is nicknamed the \"Centennial State\" because it was admitted to the Union as the 38th state in 1876, the centennial year of the United States Declaration of Independence.", "The state was named for the Colorado River, which Spanish travelers named the Río Colorado for the ruddy () silt the river carried from the mountains. The Territory of Colorado was organized on February 28, 1861, and on August 1, 1876, U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signed Proclamation 230 admitting Colorado to the Union as the 38th state. Colorado is nicknamed the \"Centennial State\" because it became a state in the same year as the centennial of the United States Declaration of Independence.", "1876 - Colorado, the 38th state, entered the United States of America this day. It is the only state to enter the union in the one hundredth year after the signing of the Declaration of Independence. Consequently, Colorado is called the Centennial State. The Rocky Mountains are Colorado�s most famous feature; which explains why the Rocky Mountain columbine is the state flower. The lark bunting is the state bird. Denver, Colorado�s largest city, is also the state capital.", "On this day in 1876, Colorado became the 38th state to join the Union when President Ulysses Grant signed a proclamation of statehood. President Andrew Johnson had vetoed its first bid.", "The Colorado territory officially became the nation’s 38th state on August 1, 1876, almost exactly 100 years after the nation declared its independence – hence its nickname, the Centennial State.", "The state was named for the Colorado River, which early Spanish explorers named the Rio Colorado for the red colored (Spanish: Colorado) silt the river carried from the mountains. In 1861, Jefferson Territorial officials decided that \"Colorado\" would be a fitting name for a new territory.Colorado is nicknamed the \"Centennial State\" because it was admitted to the Union as the 38th state in 1876, the centennial year of the United States Declaration of Independence.", "Colorado is a mountain state in the western United States. The state has a land area of 104,094 square miles and a population of about 5.3 million people. The state was admitted into the union August of 1876 as the 38th state. Denver is the state's capital and largest city. Denver is nicknamed the Mile High City because its official elevation is exactly one mile (5,280 ft.) above sea level.", "1876 – John L. Routt, the Colorado Territory governor, was elected the first state governor of Colorado in the Centennial year of the U.S.", "The Colorado Territory was created on February 28, 1861, Arapahoe County was formed on November 1, 1861, and Denver City was incorporated on November 7, 1861. Denver City served as the Arapahoe County Seat from 1861 until consolidation in 1902. In 1867, Denver City became the Territorial Capital. With its new-found importance, Denver City shortened its name to Denver. On August 1, 1876, Colorado was admitted to the Union.", "1. In 1890 ______________ and ______________ joined the union. 2. ________________ was mined in the Rocky Mountain States. 3. California Gull is the state bird of ____________________. 4. In 1922, the ____________________ was invented in Idaho. 5. Montana’s state flower is ______________________. 6. One of Wyoming’s main industries is ________________. 7. Colorado’s capital city is _______________________. 8. The _____________________ state is the nickname of Utah. 9. Idaho’s state flower is ______________________.", "The Breckenridge Heritage Alliance reports that in the 1930s, a women's group in Breckenridge stumbled upon an 1880s map that failed to include Breckenridge. They speculated that Breckenridge had never been officially annexed into the United States, and was thus still considered \"No Man's Land\". This was completely false—official US maps did include Breckenridge—but these women created an incredibly clever marketing campaign out of this one map. In 1936 they invited the Governor of Colorado to Breckenridge to raise a flag at the Courthouse officially welcoming Breckenridge into the union—and he came. There was a big party, and the entire event/idea of Breckenridge being left off the map made national news. The \"No Man's Land\" idea later morphed into a new theme of Breckenridge being referred to as \"Colorado's Kingdom\", and the theme of the town's independent spirit is still celebrated to today during the annual \"Kingdom Days\" celebrations every June.", "The United States acquired the eastern part of Colorado in 1803 through the Louisiana Purchase and the western portion in 1848 through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. In 1850, the federal government also purchased additional territory from Texas that went to Colorado and other states. [During its early years of statehood, Texas claimed territory about fifty percent larger than its present boundary, including parts of the present states of New Mexico, Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado and Wyoming.] The combined property eventually became the Colorado Territory in 1861.", "Colorado was originally part of the Nebraska, Utah, Kansas and New Mexico Territories. In 1859, a provisional territorial government was formed, called the Territory of Jefferson. In 1861, President James Buchanan, a week before leaving office, signed legislation that organized the free Territory of Colorado. Those boundaries remain unchanged today.", "Colorado became the first western state to host a major political convention when the Democratic Party met in Denver in 1908. By the U.S. Census in 1930, the population of Colorado first exceeded one million residents. Colorado suffered greatly through the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl of the 1930s, but a major wave of immigration following World War II boosted Colorado's fortune. Tourism became a mainstay of the state economy, and high technology became an important economic engine. The United States Census Bureau estimated that the population of Colorado exceeded five million in 2009.", "1859- the Territory of Jefferson was created out of the Territory of Kansas and would become the Territory of Colorado in 1861 and a state in 1876.", "Greeley maintained his interest in associationism. Beginning in 1869, he was heavily involved in an attempt to found a utopia, called the Union Colony of Colorado , on the prairie in a scheme led by Nathan Meeker . The new town of Greeley , Colorado Territory was named after him. He served as treasurer and lent Meeker money to keep the colony afloat. In 1871, Greeley published a book What I Know About Farming, based on his childhood experience and that from his country home in Chappaqua. [92] [93]", "* Finally, in 1876, the legislature of the newly admitted state of Colorado used legislative choice due to a lack of time and money to hold a popular election.", "* John Lewis Dyer (lived in Denver and Castle Rock) – Methodist Episcopal circuit rider in South Park mining camps from 1861 to 1877; one of sixteen with portraits in the Colorado State Capitol recognized as founders of Colorado", "The Colorados favored the exiled Argentine liberal Unitarios, many of whom had taken refuge in Montevideo while the Blanco president Manuel Oribe was a close friend of the Argentine ruler Manuel de Rosas. On 15 June 1838, an army led by the Colorado leader Rivera overthrew President Oribe, who fled to Argentina. Rivera declared war on Rosas in 1839. The conflict would last 13 years and become known as the Guerra Grande (the Great War).", "The discovery of a major silver lode near Leadville in 1878 triggered the Colorado Silver Boom. The Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890 invigorated silver mining, and Colorado's last, but greatest, gold strike at Cripple Creek a few months later lured a new generation of gold seekers. Colorado women were granted the right to vote beginning on November 7, 1893, making Colorado the second state to grant universal suffrage and the first one by a popular vote (of Colorado men). The repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act in 1893 led to a staggering collapse of the mining and agricultural economy of Colorado, but the state slowly and steadily recovered. Between the 1880s and 1930s, Denver's floriculture industry developed into a major industry in Colorado. This period became known locally as the Carnation Gold Rush. ", "By the early 1870s, ambitious settlers of eastern Colorado�s high plains�an area labeled the �Great American Desert� by explorer Stephen Long�had completed extensive canal networks, inaugurating decades of agricultural growth east of the Colorado Rockies, in a region known as the Front Range. By the early 1890s, however, private interests identified Colorado�s paradox: more farmland than water east of the Rockies, and more water than farmland in the western half. They dreamed of transporting West Slope water to the east side, but the cost was too great.", "* This excerpt is taken from Wikipedia. For further information on the History, Geography, Climate, Politics, & Culture of Colorado, click here .", "The summit of Mount Elbert at 14,440 feet (4,401 m) elevation in Lake County is the state's highest point and the highest point in the entire Rocky Mountains . [4] [5] Colorado has more than 100 mountain peaks that exceed 4,000 meters (13,123 ft) elevation. Colorado is the only U.S. state that lies entirely above 1,000 meters (3,281 ft) elevation. The point where the Arikaree River flows out of Yuma County, Colorado , and into Cheyenne County, Kansas , is the lowest point in the State of Colorado at 3,315 feet (1,010 m) elevation. This crossing point holds the distinction of being the highest low point of any U.S. state . [10] [4]", "Denver's relationship with Brest, France, began in 1948, making it the second-oldest sister city in the United States. Since then, Denver has established relationships with additional sister cities, and currently has a total of ten partnerships: ", "Coloradans have been prominent in many fields, including literature, entertainment, art, music, politics, and business. This list attempts to maintain biographical notability of significant Coloradans, and to organize historically important men and women hailing from Colorado.", "A branch of the Oregon trail crossed the very northeast corner of Colorado if they followed the South Platte River to one of its last crossings. This branch of the trail passed through present day Julesburg before entering Wyoming. Later settlers followed the Platte and South Platte Rivers into their settlements there (much of which became the state of Colorado).", "This is a list of people from the state of Colorado, whether they lived, were born, or were raised there." ]

[ 5.578125, 4.9140625, 4.8125, 4.53515625, 4.1953125, 3.880859375, 3.765625, 3.73828125, 1.7255859375, 1.57421875, 1.3876953125, 0.344482421875, -0.822265625, -0.91796875, -2.16015625, -2.36328125, -2.75390625, -3.693359375, -4.1328125, -4.26953125, -4.4375, -4.54296875, -4.80078125, -5.02734375, -5.70703125, -6.56640625, -9.28125, -9.6640625, -9.7578125, -9.921875, -10.1640625, -10.7265625 ]

[ "Diana, 36, and Dodi Fayed, her 42-year-old boyfriend, died when the Mercedes-Benz they were traveling in hit a pillar in the Pont de l'Alma tunnel in Paris in August 1997.", "August 31, 1997: Princess Diana of Wales (36), her companion Dodi Fayed (42), and their driver were killed in an automobile accident in Paris, France, while trying to get away from pursuing paparazzi on motorcycles. Neither Fayed or the princess were wearing their seatbelts at the time.", "August 31, 1997 - Britain's Princess Diana died at age 36 from massive internal injuries suffered in a high-speed car crash, reportedly after being pursued by photographers. The crash occurred shortly after midnight in Paris inside a tunnel along the Seine River at the Pont de l'Alma bridge, less than a half mile north of the Eiffel Tower. Also killed in the crash were Diana's companion, Dodi Fayed, 42, and chauffeur Henri Paul. A fourth person in the car, bodyguard Trevor Rees-Jones, was seriously injured.", "The world was stunned when Britain's Princess Diana tragically died after suffering massive internal injuries in a high-speed car crash in Paris on Aug. 31, 1997. The Princess of Wales, 36, was fleeing the paparazzi when her chauffeur crashed into a concrete pillar head-on in the Place D'Alma underpass — the driver and her boyfriend, Harrods heir Dodi Fayed, also died at the crash scene.", "Shortly after midnight on August 31, 1997, a car accident would rattle the world. That night, Princess Diana, 36, was in the back seat of a car driving away from Paris’s Ritz Hotel when chauffeur Henri Paul lost control of the vehicle. Diana’s boyfriend, Dodi Fayed, son of billionaire Mohammed Al Fayed, was also in the car. Fayed and Paul died on impact; Diana and her bodyguard Trevor Rees-Jones were rushed to the hospital with life-threatening injuries. Her bodyguard survived. Diana did not. Thousands attended her funeral, and almost 2.5 billion around the world watched the televised broadcast. The Queen remained quiet after the incident, preferring to deal with the tragedy in private.", "It was only when her grandfather died that she inherited the title of Lady. Diana lived in an apartment with roommates and was a nanny and a school teacher when she got engaged to the Prince of Wales, Prince Charles . They got married in the summer of 1981 and on July 21 1982, Prince William Arther Phillip Louis was born. On September 15 1984, she had Prince Henry Charles Albert David. Her marriage started to fail then. In 1992 she and Prince Charles separated and in 1996 they divorced. She then lost the privilege of being called Her Royal Highness. In 1996 she fell in love with Dodi Fayed , the son of the owner of Harrods Department Store in London. On the night of August 31 1997, they were both tragically killed in a motor accident when the car they were in collided with a beam on the Pont D'Alma near the Eiffel Tower in Paris, France. Her funeral was held on September 6 1997, just 9 days before Henry's 13th birthday. She is buried on an island at her ancestral home at Althorp.", "A heavy drinker, he died of a haemorrhage, aged 66 on 13 March 1997. The pallbearers at his funeral were Sean Connery, Peter O'Toole, Simon Ward (star of Young Winston) and Chris Evans.", "In the year following the divorce, the popular princess seemed well on her way to achieving her dream of becoming “a queen in people’s hearts,” but on August 31, 1997, she was killed with her companion Dodi Fayed in a car accident in Paris. An investigation conducted by the French police concluded that the driver, who also died in the crash, was heavily intoxicated and caused the accident while trying to escape the paparazzi photographers who consistently tailed Diana during any public outing.", "It was a momentary embarrassment; the press remained keener on her affairs of the heart and this summer began to take a keen interest in her open friendship with Dodi Fayed, the son of Mohamed Fayed, the owner of Harrods. The Princess and he enjoyed several holidays together and died in the same accident.", "Without doubt, the media event of summer 1997 was the death of Lady Diana Spencer, the former Princess of Wales. Newly divorced from Prince Charles, Diana was living the do-good, act-bad celebrity life when the limousine of her latest squeeze, Dodi Fayed (the son of the Egyptian-Swiss billionaire, Mohamed Abdel Fayed), crashed in a Paris tunnel while fleeing a pack of motorcycle-mounted paparazzi. Since Diana was no longer a member of the royal family and had appeared on the BBC complaining about how badly they had treated her, Queen Elizabeth II was disinclined to make a fuss. Holed up in Balmoral, their retreat in the highlands of Scotland, her majesty and the immediate family did their best to maintain an iron reserve.", "On 31 August 1997, Diana was fatally injured in a car crash in the Pont de l'Alma road tunnel in Paris, which also caused the deaths of her companion Dodi Fayed and the driver, Henri Paul , acting security manager of the Hôtel Ritz Paris . Millions of people watched her funeral. [58]", "In 1997, Qaddafi accused French and British secret service personnel, as well as members of the British royal family, of being responsible for a conspiracy which killed Princess Diana and her companion, Dodi al-Fayed, in a car crash in France on August 31, 1997.", "Before her death in September 1997, Lady Diana, Princess of Wales, following continuous media intrusion into her private life, confronted the British press in a vain plea for privacy for herself and her sons. Following the revelation of her friendship with Dodi Fayed, the son of the wealthy and controversial owner of Harrods, Mohammed Fayed, the press and photographers were anxious to photograph her on holiday in France with Dodi.", "Although frustrated in his efforts to be accepted as a British citizen—his application was first denied in 1995, and subsequent attempts were also unsuccessful—Fayed continued to play an influential and highly controversial role in Great Britain. Fayed had numerous feuds with the British establishment and helped wreck the careers of several Conservative politicians. The British royalty also became entangled with Fayed when, on Aug. 31, 1997, Diana, princess of Wales , died in a car crash alongside Fayed’s son Emad (“Dodi”), with whom she had been romantically linked; that evening the couple had dined at the Fayed-owned Ritz Hotel in Paris. Two months later, Fayed launched a private investigation into the crash and hired a former French police chief to head it. Although a French court later faulted the driver of Diana’s car, Fayed continued to assert that the British royal family had ordered her execution. A 2008 British inquest later cleared the royals and the secret service of any wrongdoing.", "A documentary film about her life, entitled Beyond 120 Years with Jeanne Calment, was released in 1995. [10] In 1996, Time's Mistress , a four-track CD of Calment speaking over a background of rap , was released. [11] On her 122nd birthday on 21 February 1997, it was announced that she would make no more public appearances, as her health had seriously deteriorated. Jean-Marie Robine, the French demographer and gerontologist, said that this \"allowed her to die, as the attention had kept her alive.\" [12] She died on 4 August of that same year. [10]", "The tragic death of Diana, Princess of Wales occurred on Sunday, 31 August 1997 following a car accident in Paris, France. The vehicle in which the Princess was travelling was involved in a high-speed accident in the Place de l'Alma underpass in central Paris shortly before midnight on Saturday, 30 August. The Princess was taken to the La Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, where she underwent two hours of emergency surgery before being declared dead at 0300 BST. The Princess's companion, Mr Dodi Fayed, and the driver of the vehicle died in the accident, whilst a bodyguard was seriously injured.", "Diana, Princess of Wales (Diana Frances; [N 1] née Spencer ; 1 July 1961 – 31 August 1997), was the first wife of Charles, Prince of Wales , whom she married on 29 July 1981, and member of the British Royal Family [2] . She was also well known for her fund-raising work for international charities, and an eminent celebrity of the late 20th century. Her wedding to Charles, heir to the British throne and those of the then 18 Commonwealth realms , was held at St Paul's Cathedral and seen by a global television audience of over 750 million. While married she bore the courtesy titles Princess of Wales , Duchess of Cornwall , Duchess of Rothesay , Countess of Chester and Baroness of Renfrew . The marriage produced two sons, the princes William and Harry , [3] currently second and third in line to the throne, respectively.", "On 31 August 1997 Diana was involved in a car accident in the Pont de l’Alma road tunnel in Paris, along with her friend and lover Dodi Al-Fayed, and their driver Henri Paul. Fayed’s bodyguard Trevor Rees-Jones is the only person who survived the wreckage. The death of the Princess has been widely blamed on reporters, that were reportedly hounding the Princess, and were following the vehicle at a high speed. Ever since the word paparazzi has been associated with the death of the Princess.", "On 31 August 1997, a year after the Prince and Princess divorced, Diana was killed in a car crash in Paris , along with her companion Dodi Fayed and driver Henri Paul . The Prince of Wales overruled the palace protocol experts– who argued that as Diana was no longer a member of the Royal Family, the responsibility for her funeral arrangements belonged to her blood relatives, the Spencers – and flew to Paris, with Diana's sisters, to accompany his ex-wife's body home. He also insisted that, as the mother of the presumed future king (her son William), she be given a formal royal funeral; a new category of formal funeral was especially created for her.", "Synopsis: Sam Beckett has leapt into a 26-year-old American male on a visit to Paris, France. Finding himself with a beautiful young British girl, all seems well until Sam discovers the exact date... August 30, 1997, twenty-four hours before the death of Princess Diana .<ref> Template:Cite web </ref>", "Unbelievably, 2016 saw Diana enjoying her 77th birthday � despite looking at least thirty years younger! She is a testimony to healthy living and has been dubbed Britain�s Jane Fonda!   A firm favourite with celebrities and world leaders alike", "In the 1997 general election, Tony Blair (Michael Sheen) becomes Britain's newly elected prime minister. However, the Queen (Helen Mirren) is wary of Blair and his pledge to modernise Britain, despite his promises to respect the Royal Family. Three months later, Diana, Princess of Wales dies in a car crash at the Alma Bridge tunnel in Paris. Blair's director of communications, Alastair Campbell (Mark Bazeley), prepares a speech in which Diana is described as the people's princess. The phrase catches on and millions of people across London display an outpouring of grief at Buckingham and Kensington Palaces. Meanwhile, the royal family is still at their summer estate in Balmoral Castle. Diana's death sparks division amongst members of the family, with some of the view that since Diana was divorced from Prince Charles (Alex Jennings) a year prior to her death, she was no longer a part of the royal family. They argue that Diana's funeral arrangements are thus best left as a private affair of her noble family, the Spencers. Charles, however, argues that the mother of a future king cannot be dismissed so lightly, and persuades the Queen to authorise the use of an aircraft of the Royal Air Force to bring Diana's body back to Britain.", "Diana, Princess of Wales (Diana Frances; née Spencer; 1 July 1961 – 31 August 1997), was the first wife of Charles, Prince of Wales, who is the eldest child and heir apparent of Queen Elizabeth II.", "Diana was born into an aristocratic English family with royal ancestry and became a public figure with the announcement of her engagement to Prince Charles . Diana also received recognition for her charity work and for her support of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines . From 1989, she was the president of the Great Ormond Street Hospital for children, in addition to dozens of other charities. She remained the object of worldwide media scrutiny during and after her marriage, which ended in divorce on 28 August 1996. Media attention and public mourning were considerable after her death in a car crash in Paris on 31 August 1997.", "Diana was born into an aristocratic English family with royal ancestry and became a public figure with the announcement of her engagement to Prince Charles. Diana also received recognition for her charity work and for her support of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines. From 1989, she was the president of the Great Ormond Street Hospital for children, in addition to dozens of other charities. She remained the object of worldwide media scrutiny during and after her marriage, which ended in divorce on 28 August 1996. Media attention and public mourning were considerable after her death in a car crash in Paris on 31 August 1997.", "Diana remained the object of worldwide media scrutiny during and after her marriage, which ended in divorce on 28 August 1996. Media attention and public mourning were extensive after her death in a car crash in Paris on 31 August 1997 and subsequent televised funeral.", "Diana, Princess of Wales, died at the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris on 31 August 1997, after a car crash in the Pont de l'Alma tunnel.", "On Sept. 5, 1997, Queen Elizabeth paid tribute to Diana, Princess of Wales, as an \"exceptional and gifted human being,\" during a TV appearance. Princess Diana was killed in a car crash in Paris on Aug. 31, 1997.", "In 1994, House of Fraser went public, but Fayed retained private ownership of Harrods. He relaunched the humour publication Punch in 1996 but it folded again in 2002. Al Fayed unsuccessfully applied for British citizenship twice – once in 1994 and once in 1999. It was suggested that the feud with Rowland contributed to Fayed's being refused British citizenship the first time. ", "We can’t help but adore how Princess Diana was honored. Sadly, she was tragically killed in a car accident on August 31, 1997, in Paris, France.", "On 31 August 1997, Prince William's mother, Diana, was killed in a car accident in Paris, France. Her death came days after she spent a holiday in southern France with both Prince William and Prince Harry. Both princes were staying with the Queen at Balmoral Castle at the time. Their father, Charles, woke them from their sleep to tell them the news.", "What was the name of the Princess of Wales who died in 1997 as the result of a car crash in Paris?" ]

[ 6.19921875, 4.8515625, 4.22265625, 1.62890625, 1.302734375, -0.304931640625, -1.974609375, -1.984375, -2.13671875, -2.611328125, -2.8359375, -2.904296875, -3.5234375, -3.546875, -3.85546875, -3.978515625, -4.21484375, -4.234375, -4.546875, -4.7421875, -5.35546875, -5.859375, -5.9140625, -6.81640625, -6.96484375, -8.1328125, -8.8984375, -9.1328125, -9.375, -9.4375, -9.5546875, -9.859375 ]

[ "Angostura Bridge is a suspension bridge that spans the Orinoco River at Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela. The Spanish word Angostura means \"narrows\".", "The Angostura Bridge connects the city to the rest of Venezuela. The freeway that connects Ciudad Bolívar with Ciudad Guayana is a major regional road.", "Ciudad Bolívar (; Spanish for \"Bolivar City\"), formerly known as Angostura, is the capital of Venezuela's southeastern Bolívar State. It lies at the spot where the Orinoco River narrows to about 1 mi in width, is the site of the first bridge across the river, and is a major riverport for the eastern regions of Venezuela. ", "Arcobelli said the bridge would promote tourism in Sicily by making it easier for American and Canadian tourists, as well as tourists from other places, to reach Sicily from mainland Italy. It would also boost Sicily�s agricultural sector, which currently must transport farm products by boat to the mainland.", "Barcelona (,,) is the capital city of the autonomous community of Catalonia in the Kingdom of Spain, as well as the country's second most populous municipality, with a population of 1.65 million within city limits. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 4.7 million people, being the seventh-most populous urban area in the European Union after Paris, London, Madrid, the Ruhr area, Berlin, and Milan. It is the largest metropolis on the Mediterranean Sea, located on the coast between the mouths of the rivers Llobregat and Besòs, and bounded to the west by the Serra de Collserola mountain range, the tallest peak of which is 512 m high.", "Casa Grande de Angostura is a true colonial jewel situated in Ciudad Bolívar. This two-story house is listed under historical protection and was restored with special care to every detail. The roof terrace with a small swimming pool offers a stunning view over the city, the Orinoco River and the “Angostura Bridge”, the first bridge built over the Orinoco. We invite you to enjoy a warm afternoon at our small roof-top pool with a cold drink and a magnificent sunset. This Boutique Hotel is an ideal starting point to many interesting destinations around the country. Ciudad Bolivar’s airport is just a few minutes away, with daily departures of tours to the Canaima national park and Angel Falls, the tallest waterfall in the world. The beautiful town of Ciudad Bolivar served as an important base to Simon Bolívar’s South American war of liberation, and was nominated to be proclaimed one of UNESCOs world heritage sites. The Capital of the State has a very colorful townscape, about 350.000 inhabitants and an average temperature of 28ºC. Casa Grande has 15 superior rooms or suites (single, double or triple). Room facilities include air conditioner, fan, fridge, minibar, room safe, phone, internet access, cable TV. Bathrooms are fully equipped and include all amenities. There is a gourmet restaurant in Casa Grande, as well as in Posada Angostura, located just next door. ... more ", "This bridge at La Codosera (Extremadura) also joins Spain and Portugal, and is called by some \"the smallest international bridge in the world\". You can see the boundary marker (a \"P\" is visible: The picture is taken from the Portuguese side):", "Jose Arenas, Juan & Capellán, Guillermo Design and Erection of Two Recent Urban Cable-stayed Bridges in Spain presented at 17th IABSE Congress, Creating and Renewing Urban Structures – Tall Buildings, Bridges and Infrastructure, Chicago, September 17-19, 2008.", "Located in the Tierra del Fuego Province, in Argentina, the southernmost extreme of the Americas, the bridge over the San Pablo River is 42m long and is traversed by the scenic Ruta Provincial A . It’s a wooden bridge. It’s highly recommended to hire a 4x4 vehicle in order to minimize your chances of a mishap, and maximize your comfort levels. The zone has a semi-arid climate so expect unpredictable changes in weather throughout the year, plus high winds. ", "Rosario is linked to the rest of the country by a number of roads: the Aramburu Highway (southeast, to Buenos Aires), National Route 9 (from Buenos Aires to Rosario and then north and west up to Jujuy and Bolivia), the Brigadier Estanislao López Highway (north, to Santa Fe City), National Route 11 (to the north of Santa Fe, Formosa and Paraguay), National Route 33 (to the southwest of Santa Fe and the province of Buenos Aires, and then through National Route 7 to San Luis, Mendoza and Chile), National Route 34 (north to Santiago del Estero, Tucumán and Bolivia), and National Route 174 (east, to Entre Ríos, over the Rosario-Victoria Bridge).", "Mar 4 Hintze Ribeiro disaster, a bridge collapses in northern Portugal, killing up to 70 people.", "Mostar (; ) is a city and municipality in southern Bosnia and Herzegovina. Inhabited by 113,169 people, it is the most important city in the Herzegovina region, its cultural capital, and the center of the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of the Federation. Mostar is situated on the Neretva River and is the fifth-largest city in the country. Mostar was named after the bridge keepers (mostari) who in the medieval times guarded the Stari Most (Old Bridge) over the Neretva. The Old Bridge, built by the Ottomans in the 16th century, is one of Bosnia and Herzegovina's most recognizable landmarks, and is considered one of the most exemplary pieces of Islamic architecture in the Balkans. ", "The Vasco da Gama Bridge (;) is a cable-stayed bridge flanked by viaducts and rangeviews that spans the Tagus River in Parque das Nações in Lisbon, the capital of Portugal. ", "Image:Puente sobre el Guadiana.JPG|Guadiana International Bridge at the Portugal-Spain border, whose limits were established by the Treaty of Alcañices in 1297. It is one of the oldest borders in the world.", "The Juscelino Kubitschek bridge , also known as the 'President JK Bridge' or the 'JK Bridge', crosses Lake Paranoá in Brasília. It is named after Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira , former president of Brazil . It was designed by architect Alexandre Chan and structural engineer Mário Vila Verde. Chan won the Gustav Lindenthal Medal [38] for this project at the 2003 International Bridge Conference in Pittsburgh due to \"...outstanding achievement demonstrating harmony with the environment, aesthetic merit and successful community participation\".", "Portugal commemorated the 50th Anniversary of the 25 de Abril (25th of April) Bridge. The suspension bridge across the Tagus (Tejo) River connects the capital city of Lisbon to the municipality of Almada. The bridge was originally named after the dictator Salazar but had its name changed after the revolution of April 25, 1974. It has a mintage of 500,000 pieces.", "Alconetar Bridge was a Roman segmental arch bridge in the Extremadura region, Spain. The ancient structure, which featured flattened arches with a span-to-rise ratio of 4-5:1, is one of the earliest of its kind. Due to its design, it is assumed that the bridge was erected in the early 2nd century AD by the emperors Trajan or Hadrian, possibly under the guidance of Apollodorus of Damascus, the most famous architect of the time.", "Caia bridge construction started in 2007 and the bridge officially opened in 2009 and was named after the president of Mozambique, Armando Emilio Guebuza. With a length of 2,376 metres it is only exceeded by the Dona Ana bridge which has been restored as a rail only bridge.", "The Mackinac Bridge ( ) is a suspension bridge spanning the Straits of Mackinac to connect the Upper and Lower peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. Opened in 1957, the 26372 ft bridge (familiarly known as \"Big Mac\" and \"Mighty Mac\") is the world's 17th-longest main span and the longest suspension bridge between anchorages in the Western hemisphere. The Mackinac Bridge carries Interstate 75 and the Lakes Michigan and Huron components of the Great Lakes Circle Tours across the straits and connects the city of St. Ignace on the north end with the village of Mackinaw City on the south.", "The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate, the opening of the San Francisco Bay onto the Pacific Ocean. As part of both US Highway 101 and California Route 1, it connects the city of San Francisco on the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula to Marin County.", "Upon first seeing the 25 de Abril Bridge, many people are struck by its similarities to California's Golden Gate Bridge. In actuality, although the color of Lisbon's bridge matches the Golden Gate's hue, the bridge's structure is more similar to that of the Oakland Bay Bridge. When it was completed in 1966, the bridge was one of the longest suspension bridges in Europe at 2,278 meters. It had a single level about 70 meters above the waterline that included four lanes for automobile traffic. Heavy usage of the bridge soon made it clear that four lanes were not enough. However, it was a few decades before the bridge was expanded to include six lanes for cars and a lower level that accommodated trains.", "Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge, a part of the Turkish motorway system, spans over the Bosphorus in Istanbul , and connects Europe and Asia.", "The George Washington Bridge is the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge, connecting Manhattan to Bergen County, New Jersey. The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge is the longest suspension bridge in the Americas and one of the world's longest. The Brooklyn Bridge is an icon of the city itself. The towers of the Brooklyn Bridge are built of limestone, granite, and Rosendale cement, and their architectural style is neo-Gothic, with characteristic pointed arches above the passageways through the stone towers. This bridge was also the longest suspension bridge in the world from its opening until 1903, and is the first steel-wire suspension bridge. The Queensboro Bridge is an important piece of cantilever architecture. The Manhattan Bridge, opened in 1909, is considered to be the forerunner of modern suspension bridges, and its design served as the model for many of the long-span suspension bridges around the world; the Manhattan Bridge, Throgs Neck Bridge, Triborough Bridge, and Verrazano-Narrows Bridge are all examples of Structural Expressionism. ", "The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate, the strait between San Francisco and Marin County to the north. The masterwork of architect Joseph B. Strauss, whose statue graces the southern observation deck, the bridge took seven years to build, and was completed in 1937. The Golden Gate Bridge was the longest suspension bridge span in the world when it was completed, and has become one of the most popular tourist attractions in San Francisco and California. Since its completion, the span length has been surpassed by eight other bridges. The famous red-orange color of the bridge was specifically chosen to make the bridge more easily visible through the thick fog that frequently shrouds the bridge.", "38.6983 -9.1790 1 Ponte 25 de Abril. This sister bridge of the San Francisco – Oakland Bay Bridge was designed by the same architect in 1966 to connect Lisbon with the Setubal peninsula across the Tagus (Tejo) River. Formerly known as the Salazar Bridge, it was renamed after the Carnation Revolution which, on 25 April 1974, ended the dictatorship. ", "The Rosario - Victoria bridge, known as the bridge of the Mercosur (Common Market of the South) is a bioceanic corridor that links the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans. The principal bridge is 608 meters long and it has a total area of 60 km and 47 km of embankment on the islands of the high delta of the Paraná.", "*Roman Bridge, over the Guadalquivir River. It links the area of Campo de la Verdad with Barrio de la Catedral. It was the only bridge of the city for twenty centuries, until the construction of the San Rafael Bridge in the mid-20th century. Built in the early 1st century BC, during the period of Roman rule in Córdoba, probably replacing a more primitive of wood, it has a length of about 250 m and consists of 16 arches.", "1 of 13 named by Baber after Ambassdor Bridge. /// Image is from HistoricBridges.org . Source does not say where the marker is (or was) & does not identify the cylinder seen under the marker. April 25, 1936", "South-west of the city lies the town of Poconé and the start of the Transpantaneira Highway, the only road running through the region, that winds south some 145km (90 miles) to Porto Joffre. Little more than a raised dirt road, the \"highway\" is made up of nearly 100 wooden bridges, earning it a place in the Guinness Book of Records as the highway with the most bridges in the world. On each side of the road are huge man-made ditches that remain filled with water throughout the year. These troughs provide a refuge for wildlife during the dry season and therefore great opportunities for wildlife viewing all year round.", "The Queen Emma Bridge, a 168 m long pontoon bridge, connects pedestrians between the Punda and Otrobanda districts. This swings open to allow the passage of ships to and from the port. The bridge was originally opened in 1888 and the current bridge was installed in 1939. It is best known and, more often than not, referred to by the locals as \"Our Swinging Old Lady\". ", "Far more radical in its structure, the Puente del Alamillo (1992) uses a single cantilever spar on one side of the span, with cables on one side only to support the bridge deck. Unlike other cable-stayed types, this bridge exerts considerable overturning force upon its foundation and the spar must resist the bending caused by the cables, as the cable forces are not balanced by opposing cables. The spar of this particular bridge forms the gnomon of a large garden sundial. Related bridges by the architect Santiago Calatrava include the Puente de la Mujer (2001), Sundial Bridge (2004), Chords Bridge (2008), and Assut de l'Or Bridge (2008).", "Examples of multiple-span structures in which this is the case include Ting Kau Bridge, where additional 'cross-bracing' stays are used to stabilise the pylons; Millau Viaduct and Mezcala Bridge, where twin-legged towers are used; and General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge, where very stiff multi-legged frame towers were adopted. A similar situation with a suspension bridge is found at both the Great Seto Bridge and San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge where additional anchorage piers are required after every set of three suspension spans – this solution can also be adapted for cable-stayed bridges. " ]

[ 6.4453125, 4.16015625, 3.609375, -1.55078125, -2.259765625, -2.294921875, -2.552734375, -3.125, -3.248046875, -3.294921875, -3.49609375, -3.71875, -3.822265625, -4.09765625, -4.16015625, -4.1640625, -4.3828125, -5.1796875, -5.734375, -6.6328125, -6.64453125, -6.77734375, -7.55859375, -7.75, -8.015625, -8.421875, -9.609375, -9.8125, -9.984375, -9.9921875, -10.09375, -10.6875 ]

[ "Elle Macpherson (born Eleanor Nancy Gow; 29 March 1964) is an Australian model, businesswoman, television host and actress. She is well known for her record five cover appearances for the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue beginning in the 1980s, leading to her nickname The Body. She is the founder, primary model, and creative director for a series of business ventures, including Elle Macpherson Intimates, a lingerie line, and The Body, a line of skin care products. She has been the host and executive producer of Britain & Ireland's Next Top Model from 2010 to 2013. She is an executive producer of NBC's Fashion Star and was the host for the first season.", "Elle Macpherson (born Eleanor Nancy Gow, 29 March 1963) is an Australian supermodel and actress. She is most famous worldwide for her five cover appearances on Sports Illustrated's swimsuit issue in the 1980s and 1990s. Nicknamed “The Body”, she is 183cm (6'0\") tall.", "Elle MacPherson was born as Eleanor Nancy Gow on 29th March 1963 in Australia. She is a successful model, actress, and businesswoman.", "Elle MacPherson is an Australian model, actress, television personality, and businesswoman. She is nicknamed “The Body”. Her parents’ names are Peter and Frances Gow. Elle’s surname can be of Scottish origin. “MacPherson” is her stepfather’s surname.", "Elle Macpherson was born Eleanor Gow on 29 March 1964 in New South Wales, Australia. She is a businesswoman, model, and actress, known as \"The Body\".", "Supermodel Elle Macpherson and her ex Arpad \"Arki\" Busson are shown here with son Arpad Flynn Alexander Busson, known as Flynn, and son Aurelius Cy. âXFINITY Entertainment Staff (Photo Elisabetta Villa/Getty Images)", "Macpherson was born Eleanor Nancy Gow in Killara, New South Wales in 1964, the daughter of entrepreneur and sound engineer Peter Gow, a former president of a Sydney rugby league team, the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks, and Frances Gow, a nurse. Macpherson's parents divorced when she was 10 years old, and she moved with her mother and two siblings. Her mother later remarried, and a clerical mistake in registering at her new school meant that her surname was changed from Gow to Macpherson (her stepfather's surname). ", "Personal life: Elle Macpherson married Gilles Bensimon, the creative director of Elle, in 1986 but divorced in 1989. She has two children, Arpad Flynn Alexander Busson and Aurelius Cy Andrea Busson with her ex-partner Arpad Busson. Between 2010 and 2012 she was dating property developer Jeff Soffer. She currently lives in Britain and speaks fluent French. In 1997, her LA house was burgled for $100,000 worth of jewellery, $6,000 cash and nude photos. They were later arrested for the theft and for attempted extortion. She is a European Ambassador for RED which raises funds to fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria as well as for UNICEF and Australia's Smile Foundation.", "Elle Macpherson Net Worth is $45 Million. Elle MacPherson was born in Australia and has an estimated net worth of $45 million dollars. A model, businesswoman, and actress, Elle MacPherson began her modeling career as a way to pay her law school tuit. Elle Macpherson (born 29 Mar...", "Macpherson was born Eleanor Nancy Gow, in the Killara neighbourhood of Sydney, Australia, the daughter of entrepreneur and sound engineer Peter Gow, a former president of a Sydney rugby league team, the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks. Her mother Frances worked as a nurse before she married. Macpherson grew up in Killara, a North Shore suburb of Sydney, and she attended Killara High School. Macpherson is the eldest of four children including the businesswoman and environmentalist Mimi Macpherson. Macpherson's parents divorced when she was 10 years old, and she moved with her mother and two siblings. Her mother later remarried, and a clerical mistake in registering at her new school meant that her name was changed from her father's, Gow, to her stepfather's, Macpherson.", "Mixing a girl-next-door grin with an athletic Aussie body, Elle Macpherson first hit the cover of Sports Illustrated's swimsuit issue in 1986. The magazine made her reputation: she appeared on the issue's cover again in 1987 and 1988 and went on to became one of the most acclaimed models of the 1990s. Macpherson supplemented her modelling career with appearances in movies like Sirens (1994, with Hugh Grant) and Batman and Robin (1997, with George Clooney ). She also started her own lingerie line, Elle Macpherson Intimates. She joined fellow models Claudia Schiffer , Christy Turlington and Naomi Campbell as an original partner in the Fashion Cafe restaurant chain.", "Macpherson, 41, built on her success as a model to win roles in films including \"Batman and Robin\". She now has her own line of women's underwear, Elle Macpherson Intimates.", "Jeopardy has the question \"Elle MacPherson and Heidi Klum feuded over the use of this nickname.\" Video»", "Joel mentioned in a television interview on the UK's Channel Five that he had dated Elle Macpherson in the 1980s prior to his marriage to Christie Brinkley . Joel has also said that the songs \" This Night \" and \" And So It Goes \" were written about his relationship with Macpherson. [54]", "In 1994, Elle ventured into the world of exercise videos, releasing Your Personal Best with Elle MacPherson in which she motivates and teaches people how to stay fit. That same year, she showed off her body on the cover of the coveted Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Edition along with fellow models Kathy Ireland and Rachel Hunter . She went on to appear on the cover a record four times.", "She later diversified her portfolio of businesses, and in 1990 launched her lingerie collection 'Elle Macpherson Intimates' in partnership with Bendon Limited Apparel. Intimates met with remarkable international success, becoming the single best-selling lingerie line in both Great Britain and Australia ", "Macpherson grew up in East Lindfield, a suburb in the Sydney's North Shore, and attended Killara High School, completing her Higher School Certificate in 1981. She briefly studied law for one year at the University of Sydney. Her sister is a businesswoman and environmentalist Mimi Macpherson, born Miriam Frances Gow. ", "Anne Jacqueline Hathaway (born November 12, 1982) is an American actress and singer. Born in Brooklyn, New York and brought up in Millburn, New Jersey, Hathaway was inspired to act by her mother and as a high school student, was nominated for the Paper Mill Playhouse Rising Star Award for Best Performance by a High School Actress for her performance in Once Upon a Mattress. She made her professional screen debut in the short-lived Fox television series Get Real (1999-2000), before landing the lead role of Mia Thermopolis in the Disney comedy film The Princess Diaries (2001), for which she won the Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actress – Comedy. Hathaway went on to become a widely praised \"role model for children\" for her roles in Nicholas Nickleby (2002), Ella Enchanted (2004), The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement (2004), and Hoodwinked! (2005).", " After appearing nude in the 1994 film Sirens, Macpherson learned that the media had begun searching for nude photos of her, including contacting her ex-boyfriends. To address this, Macpherson appeared in a nude pictorial in the May 1994 issue of Playboy magazine, shot by Herb Ritts, to produce nude photos \"on her own terms\". In 1999, the twin island nation of Antigua and Barbuda honored Macpherson by using her face on a series of postage stamps, the first model to appear on legal tender. Macpherson appeared among other Australian icons during the 2000 Summer Olympics closing ceremony, her elaborate float resembling a camera lens and featuring a runway. Along with Naomi Campbell, she co-hosted the Miss Universe 2001 pageant. Her popularity had reached such a level that Australian government offered her a position on its tourist commission as an unofficial ambassador. ", "Soon after Sirens, Macpherson appeared completely nude in Playboy magazine. Elle chose for the pictures to be published in all countries except Australia, as she didn't want her parents to see the pictures. At the time she posed for Playboy, Australian magazines Women's Day and New Idea published shots from the shoot. They were also featured on current affairs programs A Current Affair and 60 Minutes. Macpherson also published two calendars in which she appeared in see-through tops.", "Elle Macpherson: 'If you don't have a great body, how do you make a body look great?'", "Elle's career has been full of fame and success. Since being discovered when she was 18, Elle has been on the cover of Sports Illustrated, Cosmopolitan, Vogue, and Glamour, just to name a few. And by 1986, her popularity was so intense that Time magazine ran an issue called “The Big Elle.”  She was also offered a post as an unofficial ambassador by the Australian government.", "The model-turned-entrepreneur's signature lingerie line, Macpherson Intimates (far left), is a best-selling success, stocked at Bloomingdale's, Saks Fifth Avenue, and Neiman Marcus. She's also launched a skincare collection, called (of course) \"The Body,\" and recently was the host of NBC's Fashion Star. She made a triumphant return to the runway, closing Louis Vuitton's buzzed-about Fall 2010 show (near left).", "Macpherson made her movie debut playing an artist's model in the 1994 Sirens, which starred Hugh Grant, Sam Neill, Tara Fitzgerald, Kate Fischer and co-starred Portia de Rossi, as another model. Macpherson gained 9 kilograms (20 lb) and her breasts grew to a voluptuous 37D. She surprised fans and critics by appearing unabashedly in numerous nude scenes, earning her top billing for the film above more established actors (in fact, all the female characters in the movie appeared nude at least once in the film).", "Macpherson is currently dating British actor Ray Fearon. She is rumoured to have dated Australian restaurateur David Evans and real-estate developer John Hitchcox.", "Eleanor Gow was born March 29, 1964, in Cronulla, New South Wales, Australia. Elle's original plan was to study pre-law at Sydney University, but when the 18-year old, 6-foot beauty was discovered in Aspen, Colorado, she was immediately signed to the Click modeling agency.", "And let me be where I belong\" Elle King Ex's & Oh's Elle King is a singer-songwriter and actress originally from L.A. (She's also the daughter of Rob Schneider, the comedian from Saturday Night Live and star of movie masterpieces such as Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo, The Waterboy, and The Longest Yard - but don't hold that against her.) This was a hit single on the alternative and rock charts that received two Grammy nominations and comes from her 2015 debut album Love Stuff. It's a rock song about the singer's ex-boyfriends, including a California Boy who she dumped for a guy in the UK in what must have been a moment of extremely bad judgement on her part.", "Macpherson hosts and executive produces NBC's reality competition series Fashion Star. The series gives 14 unknown designers, mentored by celebrities such as Jessica Simpson, Nicole Richie, and John Varvatos, the chance to launch their collections in three of America's largest clothing retailers, including Macy's, H&M, and Saks Fifth Avenue. Its first season was sold to 75 countries. ", "After a brief stint studying law at Sydney University, Macpherson was \"discovered\" while on a ski vacation in Aspen, Colorado. A contract with Click Model Management soon followed.", "Alison Sudol is an actress, musician and author based in Los Angeles. Alongside a successful music career Alison starred in the 2 x Golden Globe winning Amazon hit 'Transparent', USA network's 'DIG' from the creators of Homeland and Heroes and Rafael Palacio's \"The Force\". Alison plays 'Queenie' in the new Harry Potter spin-off Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them.", "Just like her big sister, Elle Fanning also uses her middle name both personally and professionally.", "Elle Fanning Elle Fanning (left) began her acting career by playing the younger version of her older sister Dakota's characters in both the mini-series \"Taken\" and the movie \"I Am Sam\". She has since starred in \"Phoebe in Wonderland\" and \"Somewhere.\"" ]

[ 8.28125, 7.8359375, 6.5078125, 5.74609375, 5.19921875, -0.5869140625, -0.67138671875, -0.77587890625, -1.34765625, -1.3828125, -1.4921875, -1.955078125, -2.314453125, -2.59765625, -3.29296875, -3.623046875, -3.6484375, -3.951171875, -4.0546875, -4.265625, -4.9921875, -5.10546875, -5.28515625, -5.5546875, -5.70703125, -6.08203125, -6.11328125, -6.33203125, -6.3671875, -6.62109375, -7.5390625, -7.90625 ]

[ "Lester Willis Young, nicknamed \"Pres\" or \"Prez\", was an American jazz tenor saxophonist and clarinetist. He also played trumpet, violin, and drums. Coming to prominence while a member of Count Basie's orchestra, Young was one of the most influential players on his instrument, playing with a cool tone and using sophisticated harmonies. He invented or popularized much of the hipster ethos which came to be associated with the music.", "Lester Willis Young (August 27, 1909 – March 15, 1959), nicknamed \"Prez\", was an American jazz tenor saxophonist and clarinetist. He also played trumpet, violin, and drums. Coming to prominence while a member of Count Basie's orchestra, Young was one of the most influential players on his instrument, playing with a cool tone and using sophisticated harmonies. He invented or popularized much of the hipster ethos which came to be associated with the music....", "Lester Willis Young (August 27, 1909 – March 15, 1959), nicknamed \"Pres\" or \"Prez\", was an American jazz tenor saxophonist and occasional clarinetist.", "Lester Willis Young, nicknamed Prez, was born in Woodville, Mississippi, on August 27, 1909. Lester was taught how to play music by his father, Willis Handy Young, who was a very good musician in his own right.  Lester was first taught to play the violin, the trumpet, and the drums.(Early years). He later decided to stick to the alto saxophone, despite the fact that the drums were his favorite instrument to play. When he was eleven years of age, Lester and his father moved to Minneapolis where they formed a family band and Lester played alto saxophone with them at age 13.(Bennett). He had a long history of disagreements with his father, and this caused him to leave the band when he was 19 (Early Years).", "Lester Young was born in Woodville, Mississippi, and grew up in a musical family. His father, Willis Handy Young, was a respected teacher, his brother Lee Young was a drummer, and several other relatives performed music professionally. His family moved to New Orleans, Louisiana, when Lester was an infant and later to Minneapolis, Minnesota. Although at a very young age Young did not initially know his father, he learned that his father was a musician. Later Willis taught his son to play the trumpet, violin, and drums in addition to the saxophone.", "Lester Young was born in Woodville, Mississippi, and grew up in a musical family. His father, Willis Handy Young, was a respected teacher, his brother Lee Young was a drummer, and several other relatives played music professionally. His family moved to New Orleans, Louisiana, when Lester was an infant and later to Minneapolis, Minnesota. Although at a very young age Young did not initially know his father, he learned that his father was a musician. Later Willis taught his son to play the trumpet, violin, and drums in addition to the saxophone.", "Young’s playing style influenced many other tenor saxophonists. Perhaps the most famous and successful of these were Stan Getz and Dexter Gordon, but he also influenced many in the cool movement such as Zoot Sims, Al Cohn, and Gerry Mulligan. Paul Quinichette modeled his style so closely on Young’s that he was sometimes referred to as the “Vice Prez” (sic). Sonny Stitt began to incorporate elements from Lester Young’s approach when he made the transition to tenor saxophone. Lester Young also had a direct influence on young Charlie Parker (“Bird”), and thus the entire be-bop movement. Indeed, recordings of Parker on tenor sax are similar in style to that of Young. Lesser-known saxophonists, such as Warne Marsh, were strongly influenced by Young.", "Young left the Basie band to replace Hawkins in Fletcher Henderson's orchestra. He soon left Henderson to play in the Andy Kirk band (for six months) before returning to Basie. While with Basie, Young made small-group recordings for Milt Gabler's Commodore Records, The Kansas City Sessions. Although they were recorded in New York (in 1938, with a reunion in 1944), they are named after the group, the Kansas City Seven, and comprised Buck Clayton, Dicky Wells, Basie, Young, Freddie Green, Rodney Richardson, and Jo Jones. Young played clarinet as well as tenor in these sessions. Young is described as playing the clarinet in a \"liquid, nervous style.\" As well as the Kansas City Sessions, his clarinet work from 1938–39 is documented on recordings with Basie, Billie Holiday, Basie small groups, and the organist Glenn Hardman. It was Holiday who gave Young the nickname \"Pres\", short for the President. Playing on her name, he would call her \"Lady Day.\" Their famously sympathetic classic recordings with Teddy Wilson date from this era.", "Young's playing style influenced many other tenor saxophonists, including Stan Getz,as well as Zoot Sims, Al Cohn, and Gerry Mulligan. Paul Quinichette modeled his style so closely on Young's that he was sometimes referred to as the \"Vice Prez\" (sic). Sonny Stitt began to incorporate elements from Lester Young's approach when he made the transition to tenor saxophone. Lester Young also had a direct influence on the young Charlie Parker, and thus the entire be-bop movement. Other saxophonists, such as Dexter Gordon and Warne Marsh, were strongly influenced by Young.", "American musician (1909–1959) acclaimed as one of the greatest tenor sax and clarinet players in the history of jazz. He finally succumbed, after a long struggle, to alcoholism at the age of 49. Vintage 11.75 x 12.25 record sleeve photo, signed and inscribed in white ink “Lester Young to Jack.” In very good to fine condition, with slightly trimmed edges, a few creases, and a circular album impression. RR Auction COA.", "The Tweed Deluxe is almost always used in conjunction with a late-1950s Magnatone 280 (similar to the amplifier used by Lonnie Mack and Buddy Holly). The Magnatone and the Deluxe are paired together in a most unusual manner: the external speaker jack from the Deluxe sends the amped signal through a volume potentiometer and directly into the input of the Magnatone. The Magnatone is notable for its true pitch-bending vibrato capabilities, which can be heard as an electric piano amplifier on \"See the Sky About to Rain\". A notable and unique accessory to Young's Deluxe is the Whizzer, a device created specifically for Young by Rick Davis, which physically changes the amplifier's settings to pre-set combinations. This device is connected to footswitches operable by Young onstage in the manner of an effects pedal. Tom Wheeler's book Soul of Tone highlights the device on page 182/183. ", "a producer who oversaw the recording of more than 400 albums. In 1978, his love for Lester Young resurfaced in the form of a band devoted to his hero’s music. He called it Prez Conference, after a piece that Holman had written for the Stan Kenton band. The group recorded two albums for GNP Records. One featured Joe Williams singing songs that Young recorded. Pell, two other tenors and a baritone saxophonist played classic Prez solos on the pieces, orchestrated by Holman for the four horns.The other long-playing record had the same approach, without Williams but with trumpet solos by Young’s Basie band mate Harry “Sweets” Edison. The albums sold well. The band appeared at the 1979 Monterey Jazz Festival and played on a package tour of Japan with the Modern Jazz Quartet and the Hi-Los. Fifteen tracks from the two albums are reissued on a GNP CD, Prez And Joe .", "Lester Willis Young was born in Woodville, Miss., on Aug. 27, 1909. His father Willis played several instruments and taught all of his children to play. When he was 18, Lester left the family vaudeville band and moved west, ending up in Kansas City with Count Basie.", "Lester William Polsfuss (June 9, 1915 – August 12, 2009), known as Les Paul, was an American jazz, country, and blues guitarist, songwriter, luthier, and inventor. He was one of the pioneers of the solid-body electric guitar, which made the sound of rock and roll possible. Paul taught himself how to play guitar and while he is mainly known for jazz and popular music, he had an early career in country music. He is credited with many recording innovations. Although he was not the first to use the technique, his early experiments with overdubbing (also known as sound on sound), delay effects such as tape delay, phasing effects and multitrack recording were among the first to attract widespread attention. ", "He emerged from this treatment improved. In January 1956 he recorded two Granz-produced sessions including a reunion with pianist Teddy Wilson, trumpet player Roy Eldridge, trombonist Vic Dickenson, bassist Gene Ramey, and drummer Jo Jones – which were issued as The Jazz Giants '56 and Pres and Teddy albums. 1956 was a relatively good year for Lester Young, including a tour of Europe with Miles Davis and the Modern Jazz Quartet and a successful residency at Olivia Davis' Patio Lounge in Washington, DC, with the Bill Potts Trio. Live recording of Young and Potts in Washington were issued later.", "Charles Mingus dedicated an elegy, “Goodbye Pork Pie Hat,” for Young only a few months after his death. Wayne Shorter, then of Art Blakey’s Jazz Messengers, composed a tribute, called “Lester Left Town.”", "Prez was by most accounts rather shy and sensitive: a loner, quiet and polite. If offended he would take out a small whisk broom he carried in a coat pocket and dust off his left shoulder. In the 1950s Young toured with Jazz at the Philharmonic, recorded for Verve, and gradually sank into depression and alcoholism. But from time to time he still sounded great!", "Neil Percival Young (born November 12, 1945) is a Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and social activist who is widely regarded as one of the most influential musicians of his generation, particularly as Neil Young & Crazy Horse. Young was born in Toronto, but he moved to the family home of Winnipeg as a child, which is where his music career began. Young began performing as a solo artist in Canada in 1960, before moving to California in 1966, where he co-founded the band Buffalo Springfield along with Stephen Stills and Richie Furay.", "* Lester Young in Washington, D.C., 1956 (5 volumes), with house-band the Bill Potts Trio - Original Jazz Classics", "Young’s style was the traditional swing style that will always be linked with Basie’s bands. Several famous musicians including Charlie Parker, Dexter Gordon, and Al Cohn were greatly influenced by Young.  A majority of the songs Young played while in the Basie band where 32 bar blues with an AABA structure. When he began recording on his own, he mixed together ballads, blues, and moderate and fast tempo AABA structured tunes. He gradually moved toward his famous soft tone that inspired, most notably, Stan Getz.", "Before his elevation to the Goodman camp, Lionel had been an obscure  Los Angeles musician.  He was a highly energetic stage personality, with a bright, assertive vibraphone sound; a sound then completely new in jazz.  His ability to generate both a punchy, percussive vibraphone line, and sustained piano-like notes was a wonderful complement to Benny’s clarinet, while blending nicely with Teddy Wilson’s piano.", "Bunk Jones, who played the coronet, was Louis Armstrong’s hero. Louis took interest in music at a very young age and wanted to learn how to play the coronet. Bunk Jones became his mentor and taught Louis how to play the coronet by ear. Though Louis Armstrong had very little formal training in his early career as a musician, he still became very talented. Improvisation was one of the very difficult skills that he had and this was related to the fact that he learned first by ear.", "Little Richard is an American recording artist, songwriter, and musician. He has been an influential figure in popular music and culture for over six decades. His most celebrated work dates from the mid 1950s where his dynamic music and charismatic showmanship laid the foundation for rock 'n' roll. His music also had a pivotal impact on the formation of other popular music genres, including soul and funk. He has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the Songwriters Hall of Fame. He is the recipient of Lifetime Achievement Awards from The Recording Academy and the Rhythm and Blues Foundation. Legendary song \"Tutti Frutti\" has included in the Library of Congress' National Recording Registry.", "Young has dealt with political issues throughout his entire career. In 1970, while working with CSN&Y, Young wrote \"Ohio\" about the Kent State massacre. His 1988 single \"This Note's For You\" lambasted corporate rock, Michael Jackson, and advertising. In 1989 he released \"Rockin' in the Free World\" which criticized the United States and the policies of President George H.W. Bush . Young's 2006 album, Living With War, admonished the War in Iraq and called for the impeachment of President George W. Bush.", "Cornet/trumpet player Louis \"Satchmo\" Armstrong revolutionized both the instrumental and the vocal style of jazz. King Oliver's substitute in Kid Ory's band, Armstrong left New Orleans in 1922 to join King Oliver in Chicago, where he recorded his Weather Bird Rag (april 1923), and then (1924) Fletcher Henderson in New York. While in New York, he also accompanied blues singers (notably Bessie Smith's legendary january 1925 recording of St Louis Blues) and cut some songs (Clarence Williams' Texas Moaner Blues in october 1924) with smaller groups that included clarinetist Sidney Bechet. In fact the classic recording of the age, and perhaps the most faithful to the original sound of New Orleans' jazz, was an interpretation of Benton Overstreet's Early Every Morn (december 1924) by a quintet named Red Onion Jazz Babies, organized by Clarence Williams, that featured Armstrong, Bechet, pianist Lil Hardin and blues vocalist Alberta Hunter.", "Neil Percival Young, OC OM, is a Canadian singer-songwriter, musician, producer, director and screenwriter. Young began performing in a group covering Shadows instrumentals in Canada in 1960. In 1966, after a brief stint with the Rick James-fronted Mynah Birds, he moved to Los Angeles, where he formed Buffalo Springfield with Stephen Stills, Richie Furay and others. Young had released two albums by the time he joined Crosby, Stills & Nash in 1969. From his early solo albums and those with his backing band Crazy Horse, Young has recorded a steady stream of studio and live albums, sometimes warring with his recording company along the way.", "2014: Neil Young, with help from Jack White, sends a cover of Willie Nelson's 'Crazy' (famously recorded by Patsy Cline) straight to vinyl during an appearance on The Tonight Show. Young uses White's refurbished '40s-era Voice-o-Graph recording booth. The vinyl is played at the end of the show.", "-Veteran rocker Neil Young has recorded a protest album featuring an anti-Iraq war track with \"a holy vow to never kill again\" and a song titled \"Let's Impeach the President,\" the singer said on Monday.", "Here are the top 10 musical presidents, ranked in order of how many instruments they played.", "2006: Neil Young streams his album ‘Living With War’ for free on his official web site. The 10-track effort includes the song ‘Let’s Impeach The President.’", "“Shake that Thing” was written by Ferdinand Joseph LaMothe, known professionally as Jelly Roll Morton, was an American ragtime and early jazz pianist, bandleader and composer who started his career in New Orleans, Louisiana. Widely recognized as a pivotal figure in early jazz, Morton is perhaps most notable as jazz's first arranger, proving that a genre rooted in improvisation could retain its essential spirit and characteristics when notated. Reputed for his arrogance and self-promotion as often as recognized in his day for his musical talents, Morton claimed to have invented jazz outright in 1902.", "* The Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young song \"Chicago\" (written by Graham Nash) was about the 1968 Democratic convention. In their Four Way Street live album, Nash ironically dedicates the song to \"Mayor Daley.\"" ]

[ 4.90625, 4.53515625, 4.4296875, 2.3515625, 2.0625, 1.99609375, 1.583984375, 1.267578125, 1.1025390625, 0.728515625, -0.035491943359375, -1.1474609375, -3.119140625, -3.412109375, -4.19140625, -4.3125, -4.61328125, -4.70703125, -5.30859375, -5.9609375, -6.359375, -6.8125, -7.25390625, -7.51171875, -7.83203125, -8.0546875, -8.453125, -8.546875, -8.5703125, -9.3046875, -9.390625, -9.5390625 ]

[ "A classic famous criminal, John H. Dillinger (aka) \"Gentleman Johnnie,\" was admired by the impoverished, but to J. Edgard Hoover he was Public Enemy Number One. During the Depression Era he robbed banks and later was involved in numerous murders. His criminal activities began when he was seventeen years old robbing grocery stores or gas stations. He was brought up in Indianapolis, Indiana, in a Quaker family. One of the first banks he robbed was in Daleville, Indiana, which set the pattern for his adult criminal endeavors. In January, 1934, Dillinger was arrested for killing police officer William O'Malley during a East Chicago bank robbery. While waiting for trial at Crown Point Prison in Indiana, Dilinger carved a wooden automatic pistol and used it on jailer Sam Cahoon to gain his noted escape. After several other crime sprees, on Sunday evening, July 22, 1934, he was shot to death by FBI agents led by Melvin Purvis outside the Biograph Theatre in Chicago. He was identified by Anna Sage, the famed \"Lady in Red,\" because of the dark red colored dress she wore when she accompanied Dillinger that fateful Sunday evening.", "To escape incarceration, she became a professional hooker in a bordello run by immigrant madam Anna Sage (Louise Fletcher). Eventually, she became the inaccurately-dubbed 'lady in red' - girlfriend to notorious Depression-era bank robber John Dillinger (Robert Conrad).", "[TD=\"class: tr-caption, align: center\"]Anna Sage, nicknamed the \"Women in Red\", at the Sheffield Avenue police station in July 1934. Sage, who wore red or orange as a mark for the FBI, had been with John Dillinger when he was shot and killed by the FBI outside the Biograph Theater in Chicago on July 22, 1934. Sage said she made a deal with famous FBI agent Melvin Purvis. In exchange for information on Dillinger's whereabouts, she would not be deported to her home country of Romania for running a brothel. — Chicago Tribune historical photo[/TD]", "The cast of colourful characters includes the scheming Lady Virginia and a ruthless South American criminal, Don Pedro Martinez.", "Many women often acted as decoys for their partners who would rob people. The woman would usually entice an unsuspecting male down a dark alleyway with the prospect of sex, and then the man would come up behind the victim, knock him out, and rob him. This type of criminal partnership was known as the ‘buttock-and-file’. It was such a partnership that the notorious ‘Thief Taker General of Britain and Ireland’, Jonathan Wild , engaged in with Mary Milliner, a prostitute, during the early years of his criminal career.", "More recently it housed, in 1966, Moors murderess Myra Hindley; in 1967, Kim Newell, a Welsh woman who was involved in the Red Mini Murder; also in the late 1960s, National Socialist supporter Françoise Dior, charged with arson against synagogues; in 1993, Sheila Bowler, the music teacher wrongly imprisoned for the murder of her elderly aunt, was detained there before being transferred to Bullwood Hall; and in 2002, Maxine Carr, who gave a false alibi for Soham murderer Ian Huntley. Other inmates include Amie Bartholomew, Emma Last, Matthew Etherington, Alison Walder, Jayne Richards, the Tinsel Fight Murderer, Bella Coll and Chantal McCorkle.", "At the office, we are introduced to his assistant, Jill (Amanda Peet). Jill and Oz have lunch and she tells him that his wife isn't a good person. They joke about the fact that, due to his insurance, he's worth more dead than alive, and discuss having her taken out of the picture, and Jill playfully tells him to name a price. When Oz gets home, a new neighbor is moving in next door. Oz thinks that \"Jimmy Jones\" looks familiar, and after recognizing a tattoo on Jimmy's forearm, realizes that he's Jimmy \"the Tulip\" Tudeski (Bruce Willis). Tudeski is an infamous contract killer from Chicago who was given amnesty after ratting out Lazlo Gogolak and other members of the Gogolak gang.", "Some time later Tommy returns with Inspector Marriot of Scotland Yard. They go straight back to the bathroom and cut the cake of soap in half. Inside it is the pearl. The reason Elise couldn't open the door was that she had soap on her hands after depositing the pearl there. Tommy's photographs included one of the maid and she handled one of the glass slides, thus leaving her fingerprints. Scotland Yard has identified her from their records as a missing criminal and arrested her. Being the maid of a lady suspected of kleptomaniac was the best cover she could have had.", "After the heist, \"Mrs. W\" is deceived into retrieving the disguised \"lolly\" from the railway station herself. This she successfully manages to do but not without serious complications owing to her tendency to righteous meddling. Now the real difficulties begin. As the gang departs her house with the loot, 'One-Round' accidentally gets his cello case full of banknotes trapped in the front door. As he pulls the case free, banknotes spill forth while Mrs. Wilberforce looks on. Finally, smelling a rat, she informs Marcus that she is going to the police.", "Red Eye (2005) [1] A woman is kidnapped by a stranger on a routine flight. Threatened by the potential murder of her father, she is pulled into a plot to assist her captor in offing a politician", "Her presence “sets the pulses racing” and puts local women on “red alert”, according to the makers of the film. Her visit comes as the hapless volunteers are charged with tracking down a spy.", "Another lady appears, dressed exactly like Miss Froy, but Iris and Gilbert continue to search. They are attacked by a knife-wielding magician, Signor Doppo. They start to suspect that Dr. Hartz's patient, whose face is covered by bandages, is Miss Froy. Dr. Hartz tells his fellow conspirator, a British woman dressed as a nun, to poison Iris and Gilbert. Then, convinced they will soon be dead, Hartz admits to them that he is involved in the conspiracy. The false nun does not follow Hartz's instructions out of loyalty to her fellow countrywoman; Gilbert and Iris escape, free Miss Froy and replace her with one of the conspirators.", "’ Weiss Schnee. Hell, even the name sounds cold. CEO of one of the biggest companies in the world, she sure as hell has money to throw around. Bet that ‘Daddy’ doesn’t know that his little princess is also the biggest 'Dust’ dealer in the city. She even got the name of 'Snow White’ because she’s been known to ice her competitors off in cold blood. Last I heard, She’s making some sort of 'personal gang’ with the most notorious female criminals in the city. Look, the point being is that you don’t fuck with her, ya hear that?’", "Hetty Wainthropp is a British senior citizen. On her 60th birthday, she takes a part-time job at the post office and soon becomes suspicious of a young couple who come in each week to cash a pension check. Hetty investigates and discovers a brutal murder of an elderly woman. Her escapade into the world of the private eye inspires her to open the Wainthropp Detective Agency. Hetty is assisted by Geoffrey Shawcross, a teenager she caught shoplifting [\"I�ll need a sidekick. They all have one\"]; Robert Wainthropp, her retired husband; and Det. Chief Insp. Adams.", "In 1982 a South Boston cocaine dealer named Edward Brian Halloran, known on the streets as \"Balloonhead\", approached the FBI and stated that he had witnessed Bulger and Flemmi murdering Louis Litif. Meanwhile, FBI agent John Connolly kept Bulger and Flemmi closely briefed on what Halloran was saying to the Bureau. Specifically, Connolly informed Bulger and Flemmi that Halloran knew that they had participated in the murder of Tulsa, Oklahoma businessman Roger Wheeler, and that Halloran was shopping this information to the FBI for a chance for him and his family to be placed in the Witness Protection Program. Soon after, on May 11, 1982, Bulger, Flemmi, and Weeks were tipped off that Halloran had returned to South Boston.", "At the time, the severity of the sentences caused some surprise and it was felt that the then crumbling Conservative government, still reeling from the Profumo scandal, had instructed the judge accordingly, to give the impression that they were still on top of things generally. When he was arrested in 1968, the mastermind Bruce Reynolds is said to have told the arresting officer Tommy Butler, that those sentences had had a detrimental effect. According to him, they had prompted criminals generally to take guns with them when they set out on robberies.", "A Reg Wexford mystery. In a desolate subterranean car park, Detective Chief Inspector Wexford has been too preoccupied to notice anything out of the ordinary - just a teenage girl in a red car, driving rather too fast. Only later does he learn of the car park victim, murdered with a length of wire.", "\"You were right. We should have been looking in my case files, not his. Jason Stroham…a con man from my sergeant days, way back when. My inspector at the time and Stroham had it in for one another. Stroham led us a merry chase, but, in the end, we got him. Fast forward eleven years, and he's out, using an alias, working the same old tricks on wealthy business men, a good many of them owning a race horse or two, and the Jockey Club. Two weeks before the deal's in play, he discovers that there's a chief superintendent on the guest list; after a little digging he finds out it's even worse—I could easily identify him. He couldn't just take me out. Not without losing my husband's funding and possibly his company's as well…\"", "The Riddler's criminal modus operandi is so deeply ingrained into his personality that he is virtually powerless to stop himself from acting it out. He cannot simply kill his opponents when he has the upper hand; he has to put them in a deathtrap to see if he can devise a life and death intellectual challenge that the hero cannot solve and escape. However, unlike many of Batman's themed enemies, Riddler's compulsion is quite flexible, allowing him to commit any crime as long as he can describe it in a riddle or puzzle. He often has two female assistants, named Query and Echo . In Batman Secret Origins Special, Riddler proclaimed that he had four henchmen named \"Mark, Mark, Mark, and Mark\".", "Marie spent six years in a medium security prison for abetting her boyfriend; she was convicted on the charges of accessory to murder and bank robbery. Upon release from the pen, Marie's high school friend turned enemy (over a boy, naturally) Ellen the Manhattan executive hires her to be the live-in nanny of her two year old daughter Caitlin; the only job an ex con with no skills can obtain.", "Joy was angered after Bargain Bag refused to refund her for an automatic television cabinet she had purchased, and so decided to steal a van from there to get her money back. She enlisted the help of Earl to sell it, but they soon discovered that there was a man in the back of the truck. Joy and Earl tried to get the man to escape without being able to identify them, but he managed to see Joy and she was sent to prison, being charged with grand theft auto, kidnapping and assault", "The character Andy Dufresne in The Shawshank Redemption describes \"Randall Stevens\"—the fake person Dufresne created to launder money—as, \"a phantom, an apparition, second cousin to Harvey the rabbit.\"", "A fugitive Pink Lady rep hooks up with a bored ad exec as she's trying to avoid going down for the murder of several Elvis impersonators.", "Commissioner Gordon : When facing an adversary like the Countess of Criminality, there is only one man who can deal with, and eventually overcome that threat to our security...", "The film tells the crime story of poor farmer's daughter who leaves for Chicago, where she is sent to prison, serves as prostitute, falls in love with a criminal and finally tries bank robbery.", "On January 19, 2002, Kathleen Ann Soliah was sentenced to two consecutive 10 years to life terms for her role in a 1975 car bombing plot associated with the Symbionese Liberation Army. On October 31, 2001, Soliah pled guilty to two counts related to the car bombing plot. Soliah remained a fugitive for 23 years until her arrest on June 16, 1999, when she was living under the alias Sara Jane Olsen.", "Clue (film): \"Miss Scarlet\" is an alias for the otherwise unnamed character that was played by Lesley Ann Warren. Her portrayal is that of a snarky, sarcastic madam who runs a secret (but hardly that secret) escort service in Washington. She is given the Candlestick as a gift from Mr. Boddy.", "An old flame discovers her ex-boyfriend from the past is a relocated FBI informant out to stop the bad guys.", "\"I know,\" says Bucket, knowingly, \"but I had to arrest you to lure out the real culprit.\"", "The publicity surrounding the mugging of a lovable old liar endangers a plan to burgle a safe containing a fortune in diamonds.", "Person who sees evidence of criminal activity, actual commission of a crime or a criminal fleeing a crime scene.", "– a person who is not a police officer but who tries to catch and punish criminals" ]

[ 2.58203125, 2.203125, 2.134765625, -4.69140625, -4.87109375, -5.0234375, -5.46875, -6.30078125, -6.67578125, -6.73046875, -6.91796875, -6.921875, -7.203125, -7.453125, -7.95703125, -7.984375, -8.015625, -8.0234375, -8.078125, -8.1875, -8.25, -8.3203125, -8.3203125, -8.59375, -8.6328125, -8.828125, -9.25, -9.8984375, -10.0859375, -10.6328125, -11.0234375, -11.0234375 ]

[ "By 1980, Kenny Rogers already had seven #1 country singles under his belt, including \"Lucille,\" \"The Gambler\" (1978) and \"Coward Of The County\" (1979). All three of those songs, as well as \"Don't Fall In Love With A Dreamer,\" his 1980 duet with Kim Carnes, had also reached the top 10 on the Billboard pop charts, but it was a brand-new song on Kenny Rogers' Greatest Hits that would help propel that album to 12-times Platinum status and give Rogers his only solo #1 pop hit: the Lionel Richie-penned \"Lady.\" (A simultaneous country chart-topper, \"Lady\" also gave Richie, the former Commodores frontman, his only share of a country #1.)", "After the success of ballads like \" Easy \" and \" Three Times A Lady ,\" Commodores vocalist and saxophonist Lionel Richie stepped away from the group to pen the soulful pop track \" Lady \" for Country singer Kenny Rogers. The song was a smash, spending six weeks atop the Billboard Hot 100. This success, coupled with his powerful duet with superstar Diana Ross on the title song for the movie Endless Love, signaled his eminent departure from The Commodores. In 1982 he broke from the group to pursue his solo career full time.", "Country music sales had been in decline, but were revived in 1980 thanks in no small measure to the popularity of the film Urban Cowboy. The so-called \"Nashville Sound\" -- pop-country tunes with lush arrangements that incorporated strings and synthesizers -- was in vogue. The leading purveyors of this sound included Kenny Rogers, a pop singer (formerly with First Edition) turned country crooner. This was a very good year for Rogers, whose 1979 album Kenny was certified platinum and the single \"Coward Of The County\" was a transatlantic chart-topper. Rogers scored again this year with \"Lady,\" a ballad penned by Lionel Richie that would spend six weeks at US#1 while also topping the R&B, C&W and Adult Contemporary charts. Rogers walked away with an armload of Grammy and American Music Awards in 1980. Other  top country artists: Eddie Rabbitt (\"Drivin' My Life Away\"), Johnny Lee (\"Lookin' For Love\") and Dolly Parton (\"9 To 5\"). Progressive country was expiring, and even \"outlaws\" Waylon Jennings and Willie Nelson had been appropriated by the Nashville establishment. For several years to come the rhinestone crowd would dominate country sound, but soon there would be a move afoot to bring country music back to its roots.", "On June 10, 2012, Rogers appeared on stage with the musical group Phish to perform his hit song \"The Gambler\" at the Bonnaroo Music and Arts Festival. Also in 2012, Rogers re-recorded the hit song \"Lady\", a duet with its songwriter Lionel Richie, on Richie's album Tuskegee. The pair also performed the song live at the 2012 ACM concert, \"Lionel Richie & Friends\".", "By the beginning of the '80s, Rogers ' audience was as much pop as it was country, and singles like his cover of Lionel Richie 's \"Lady\" confirmed that fact, spending six weeks at the top of the pop charts. Rogers also began performing duets with pop singers like Kim Carnes (\"Don't Fall in Love with a Dreamer,\" number three country, number four pop, 1980) and Sheena Easton (\"We've Got Tonight,\" number one country, number six pop, 1983). Rogers also began making inroads into television and film, appearing in a number of TV specials and made-for-TV movies, including 1982's Six Pack and two movies based on his songs \"The Gambler\" and \"Coward of the County.\" Late in 1983, he left United Artists/Liberty for RCA Records, releasing a duet with Dolly Parton called \"Islands in the Stream\" as his first single for the label. Written by the Bee Gees and produced by Barry Gibb , the record became one of his biggest hits, spending two weeks on the top of both the country and pop charts.", "\"Lucille\" is a popular song recorded by Kenny Rogers. Written by Roger Bowling and Hal Bynum and produced by Larry Butler, it tells the story of an unfaithful wife and mother and was inspired by real life events, as Bynum's own marriage was in trouble when he started writing this tune. [1] It became Rogers' first major hit as a solo artist after leaving the successful Country/Rock group The First Edition the previous year. An international hit, it reached #1 on the Billboard Country Singles chart and #5 on the Billboard Hot 100 and reached the top of the UK singles chart in June 1977, Rogers second single to top a sales chart on that side of the Atlantic.", "Few country stars have re-invented themselves as often, or as successfully, as Rogers. This 1983 multi-format smash was a case in point: Written by the Bee Gees, its pop style was a dramatic departure from his previous efforts. Recorded as a duet with Parton , the song became a No. 1 hit in the country, pop and adult contemporary formats in the U.S., and reached No. 1 in many other markets around the world, making it a must for any list of the Top 10 Kenny Rogers Songs.", "The former Commodores singer penned the 1980 hit for Kenny, and the country legend has revealed Lionel went to the restroom for inspiration to write the track's second verse when they were in the studio together.", "Kenny Rogers is an American singer-songwriter, photographer, record producer, actor, entrepreneur and author, and member of the Country Music Hall of Fame. Though he has been most successful with country audiences, he has charted more than 120 hit singles across various music genres, topped the country and pop album charts for more than 200 individual weeks in the United States alone and has sold over 165 million records worldwide, making him one of the highest-selling artists of all time.", "Kenneth Ray \"Kenny\" Rogers (born August 21, 1938) is an American singer, songwriter, actor and record producer. He is a member of the Country Music Hall of Fame.", "It took several tries before Kenny Rogers became a star. As a member of the First Edition (and the New Christy Minstrels before that), he shared in some million-sellers, among them \"Reuben James\" and \"Ruby, Don't Take Your Love to Town,\" an excellent Mel Tillis song about a disabled veteran. But superstardom lay ahead for this Texan, and it arrived in the late '70s. His experience with the two previous pop groups had prepared him well: he knew the easy listening audience was out there, and he supplied them with well-done middle-of-the-road songs with a country flavor. Having gone solo, in 1976 Rogers charted with \"Love Lifted Me.\" But it was with an outstanding song by writers Roger Bowling and Hal Bynum , \"Lucille,\" that his star shot upward.", "Kenny Rogers (born 21 August 1938) is a multi award winning, multi-platinum Country singer-songwriter, actor and record producer hailing from Houston, Texas.", "Born in Texas, the fourth of eight children, singer Kenny Rogers grew up in a poor area of Houston where his father worked in a shipyard and his mother in a hospital. His duet, Islands in the Stream, with fellow country singer Dolly Parton was ranked the #1 on CMT 100 greatest country duets of all time. Dolly Rebecca Parton was born on January 19, 1946, one of 12 children of Robert Lee Parton, a tobacco farmer, and Avie Lee Parton (n�e Owens). Dolly grew up on a run-down farm in Locust Ridge, TN. At 12 she was appearing on Knoxville TV, and at 13 she was already recording on a small label and appearing at the Grand Ole Opry. After graduating from high school in Sevier County, Tennessee, in 1964, she moved to Nashville to launch her career as a country singer.", "Kenny Rogers , born August 21, 1938, in Houston, Texas, is an American country music singer-songwriter, photographer, record producer, actor and entrepreneur. He has been very successful, charting more than 70 hit singles across various music genres and topping the country and pop album charts for more than 420 individual weeks in the United States alone. Two of his albums, The Gambler and Kenny, are featured in the About.com poll of \"The 200 Most Influential Country Albums Ever\". He was voted the \"Favorite Singer of All-Time\" in a 1986 joint poll by readers of both USA Today and People. He has received hundreds of awards for both his music and charity work. These include AMAs, Grammys, ACMs and CMAs, as well as a lifetime achievement award for a career spanning six decades in 2003.Success in recent years include the 2006 album release, Water & Bridges, an across the board hit, that peaked at #5 in the Billboard Country Albums sales charts, also charting high in the Billboard 200. The first single from the album, \"I Can't Unlove You,\" was also a chart hit. \" Artist Discography \"", "Penned by the Bee Gees, “Islands in the Stream” was one of the biggest multi-format hits in American music following its release. Played around the world (in every format), everyone just fell in love with the chemistry between Kenny and Dolly. The duet launched other successful projects, including a 1984 Christmas TV special, holiday album and 1985’s No. 1 hit “Real Love,” which was also accompanied by a TV special. This all-time favorite country duet is a must-include on our Top 10 Kenny Rogers songs compilation.", "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Carl Milton Smith (March 15, 1927 â January 16, 2010) was an American country music singer. Known as \"Mister Country,\" Smith was the husband of June Carter (later June Carter Cash) and Goldie Hill, the drinking companion of Johnny Cash, and the father of Carlene Carter. He was one of country's most successful male artists during the 1950s, with 30 Top 10 Billboard hits, including 21 in a row. Smith's success continued well into the 1970s, when he...", "Rogers soon developed a more middle of the road sound, with a somewhat rough but tuneful voiced style that sold to both pop and country audiences; to date, he has charted more than 60 top 40 hit singles (including two #1's--\"Lady\" and \"Islands In The Stream\") and 50 of his albums have charted. His music has also been featured in top selling movie soundtracks, such as Convoy, Urban Cowboy and The Big Lebowski. Read Less", "'Lady' went on to become one of Kenny's biggest hits, reaching number on the Billboard Hot 100 Chart as well as topping the Billboard Hot Country Singles and Billboard Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks charts.", "During the mid-1970s, Dolly Parton , a highly successful mainstream country artist since the late '60s, mounted a high profile campaign to crossover to pop music, culminating in her 1977 hit \"Here You Come Again\", which topped the U.S. country singles chart, and also reached No. 3 on the pop singles charts. Parton's male counterpart, Kenny Rogers came from the opposite direction, aiming his music at the country charts, after a successful career in pop, rock and folk music, achieving success the same year with \"Lucille\", which topped the country charts and reached No. 5 on the U.S. pop singles charts. Parton and Rogers would both continue to have success on both country and pop charts simultaneously, well into the 1980s. Artists like Crystal Gayle , Ronnie Milsap and Barbara Mandrell would also find success on the pop charts with their records as well.", "Aside from his own hits, he wrote or co-wrote hits with other top artists, including Josh Groban and Keith Urban. He co-wrote the Kenny Rogers hit, \"Crazy.\"", "Rogers first tried his hand at music in the 1950’s, often taking the role of lead singer in a variety of bands including Rockabilly group The Scholars and folk band The New Christy Minstrels, before forming Kenny Rodgers and The First Edition in 1967. The First Edition was Rogers first taste of success, as the band had a number of chart topping country, pop and hippie influenced psychedelic rock hits that saw them tour the world for the next ten years.", "June 18 (1 week) Kenny Rogers - Lucille: An international hit, it reached Number One on the Billboard Country Singles chart and No.5 on the Billboard Hot 100. This hit gave him stardom in the UK.", "Kenny Rogers ‘ songs are timeless. The country superstar has always had a knack for recording strong, well-written material that stands up well over time, which has helped him build a career as one of the most consistent hitmakers of his generation.", "When the band split for various reasons in 1976, Rogers decided to ditch his moderately hippy image, cutting his long hair short and removing his earring, giving himself a more mainstream appeal in a bid to launch his solo career. His first album was reasonably successful but it was his second LP, “Kenny Rogers” that founded his status as a bonafide country star, with single “Lucille” leading the album to over five million sales worldwide.", "Kenny Rogers, Garth Brook & Trisha Yearwood - The Old Man's Back in Town - YouTube", "He is unique in that he has enjoyed success in such a variety of genres—jazz, folk, country and pop. Houston-born Rogers formed his first band while in high school in 1956—a rockabilly group called the Scholars—and has never quit making music. He charted as a solo artist in the late 50’s with “That Crazy Feeling” (released on Kix Records in 1957 as Kenneth Rogers and picked up by Carlton Records in 1958) and performed the song on American Bandstand, played stand-up bass in the jazz group the Bobby Doyle Three (appearing on their album released by Columbia Records), and in 1966 became a member of the popular folk group, The New Christy Minstrels.", "Kenny Rogers has become known as one of the great storytellers in country music. The gravelly voice has been the narrator for such story songs as “The Greatest,” “Tomb of the Unknown Love” and “The Factory.” In addition to the story songs that appear on this list of the Top Kenny Rogers songs, we’ve included “Twenty Years Ago,” a sentimental journey back in time. Regardless of age, the chorus seems to resonate the feelings of everyone — that “life was so much easier twenty years ago.”", "By 1970, both Parton and Wagoner had grown frustrated by her lack of solo chart success, and Porter had her record Jimmie Rodgers' \"Mule Skinner Blues\", a gimmick that worked. The record shot to number three on the charts, followed closely, in February 1971, by her first number-one single, \"Joshua.\" For the next two years, she had a number of solo hits \" including her signature song \"Coat of Many Colors\" (number four in 1971) \" in addition to her duets. Top-twenty singles during this period included \"The Right Combination\", \"Burning the Midnight Oil\" (both duets with Porter Wagoner, 1971), \"Lost Forever in Your Kiss\" (with Wagoner), \"Touch Your Woman (1972), \"If Teardrops Were Pennies\" (with Wagoner), \"My Tennessee Mountain Home\" and \"Travelin' Man\" (1973). Though her solo singles and the Wagoner duets were successful, her biggest hit of this period would be \"Jolene\". Released in late 1973, the song topped the singles chart in February 1974, and reached the lower regions of Billboard's Hot 100 (it eventually also charted in the UK, reaching No. 7 in 1976, representing Parton's first UK success).", "1969-015 Kenny Rogers & The First Edition - Ruby Don't Take Your Love To Town.mp3 2.8MB [3:00]", "Back in the late 70’s Kenny Rogers recorded the song “The Gambler.” The song was used later as the theme song for Kenny’s TV movie series of the same name. In song lyrics the gambler counsels:", "By 1970, both Parton and Wagoner had grown frustrated by her lack of solo chart success, and Porter had her record  Jimmie Rodgers'  \" Mule Skinner Blues \", a  gimmick  that worked. The record shot to number three on the charts, followed closely, in February 1971, by her first number-one single, \"Joshua.\" For the next two years, she had a number of solo hits – including her signature song \" Coat of Many Colors \" (number four in 1971) – in addition to her duets. Top-twenty singles during this period included \"The Right Combination\", \"Burning the Midnight Oil\" (both duets with Porter Wagoner, 1971), \"Lost Forever in Your Kiss\" (with Wagoner), \" Touch Your Woman  (1972), \" If Teardrops Were Pennies \" (with Wagoner), \" My Tennessee Mountain Home \" and \"Travelin' Man\" (1973). Though her solo singles and the Wagoner duets were successful, her biggest hit of this period would be \" Jolene \". Released in late 1973, the song topped the singles chart in February 1974, and reached the lower regions of Billboard's Hot 100 (it eventually also charted in the UK, reaching No. 7 in 1976, representing Parton's first UK success).", "When I wore the clothes of a younger man and listened to country and western music, I liked the songs that conveyed lessons for living life. Kenny Rogers', The Gambler, was such a song. The reframe contains these haunting words:" ]

[ 5.7890625, 5.59375, 4.66015625, 0.88232421875, 0.85595703125, 0.53076171875, -0.045623779296875, -0.587890625, -1.5107421875, -1.78515625, -1.9326171875, -2.318359375, -2.37890625, -2.505859375, -2.64453125, -3.1640625, -3.50390625, -4.0859375, -4.1328125, -5.2734375, -5.390625, -5.6640625, -5.75, -5.86328125, -5.921875, -6.33984375, -6.79296875, -7.30859375, -7.5703125, -7.71875, -7.97265625, -8.8203125 ]

[ "\"Heartaches by the Number\" is a popular country song written by Harlan Howard and published in 1959.", "1927 ● Guy Mitchell (Albert Cernick) → International 50s pop singing star with multiple hits, last was “Heartaches By The Number” (#1, 1959), died of cancer on 7/1/1999", "He formed a band in 1945 and had ten hits on the posted charts by 1947. “Heartaches” was number one and the following re-issues also became hits: “Piccolo Pete”, “Oh, Mona”, “Mickey” and “I Wonder Who’s Kissing Her Now”. The band did well until 1952. Mentioning these songs certainly brings back old memories.", "After the final sales figures were tallied at the end of 1959, music industry executives announced their list of the Top 10 best-selling recording artists for the entire decade of the 50s. Only one female made the list. Was it Ella Fitzgerald? Patti Page? Rosemary Clooney? Judy Garland? Dinah Shore? Peggy Lee? No – it was Doris Day, whose box-office records and critical acclaim in her concurrent film career seemed to be changing the general public’s perception of her from a singer who could act to an actress who could sing. That may still be the majority view, but many who appreciate popular music, especially the standards in the Great American Songbook, think of Day as a singer first.", "In the early 1950s sales of American records dominated British popular music. In the first full year of the charts in 1953 major artists were Perry Como, Guy Mitchell and Frankie Laine largely with orchestrated sentimental ballads, beside novelty records like \"(How Much Is) That Doggie in the Window?\" re-recorded by British artist Lita Roza.P. Gambaccini, T. Rice and J. Rice, British Hit Singles (6th edn., 1985), pp. 331–2. Some established British wartime stars like Vera Lynn were still able to chart into the mid-1950s, but successful new British acts like Jimmy Young who had two number one hits in 1955, did so with re-recorded versions of American songs \"Unchained Melody\" and \"The Man from Laramie\" or Alma Cogan with \"Dreamboat\". Many successful songs were the product of movies, including number ones for Doris Day in 1954 with \"Secret Love\" from Calamity Jane and for Frank Sinatra with the title song from Three Coins in the Fountain.", "in 1966 - Mike Millward dies at age 23. UK rhythm guitarist, singer; in the late 50's he played with Bob Evans and the Five Shillings, which become \"The Vegas Five\", then \"The Undertakers\", after which he was an original member the Four Jays in 1961. In the summer of 1963, the group, now called The Fourmost - signed up with Brian Epstein. This led to their being auditioned by George Martin and signed to EMI's Parlophone record label. Their first two singles were written by John Lennon. \"Hello Little Girl\", one of the earliest Lennon songs dating from 1957. Their follow-up single, \"I'm in Love\" a Lennon/McCartney song, was released on 15 November 1963. Their biggest hit \"A Little Loving\", written by Russ Alquist, reached Number 6 in the UK Singles Chart in mid 1964. The band appeared in the 1965 film, Ferry Cross the Mersey and are on the soundtrack album of the same name. The group's only album, First and Fourmost, was released in September 1965 (taken ill with throat cancer in '64, he recovered from that only to be struck down by leukaemia)", "In the year that Princess Elizabeth became Queen after the death of her father, King George VI, compulsory identity cards were scrapped by the Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, and the Agatha Christie play 'The Mousetrap' opened in a West End of London theatre, the start of a very long run. In the music world, the 'Hit Parade' was intoduced in the UK. The first 'Number One' was Al Martino with 'Here in my Heart'.", "That being said, not one, but two singers that would define the word \"vocalist\" for the next few decades had  their first number one hits in 1945.  Both were monster hits, although they've  faded a bit with the passage of time.  Working as lead female vocalist for Les  Brown and his Band of Renown, Doris Day had her first #1 hit in early April of 1945  with My Dreams Are Getting Better All the Time.  That song was knocked out of the top spot by Doris' second number one -- and better remembered -- Sentimental Journey, also fronting Les Brown. And that song became not only the biggest hit of 1945, but also one of the most popular standard tunes of the decade and one of the most popular songs of the entire 20th Century. It came at the end of World War II and was a perfect anthemn to end the war and bring home the soldiers. In 1945 and 1946, Doris and Les were the most popular big band entertainers in the world and had literally scads of charted hit recordings.", "1998, American singer and actor Frank Sinatra died at the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles aged 82, after suffering a heart attack. Sinatra had his first hit in 1940, working in the Swing era with Harry James and Tommy Dorsey, won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in the 1953 film From Here to Eternity. He went on to score over 25 Top 40 singles including the 1966 No.1 'Strangers In The Night'. His 1969 single 'My Way', re-entered the UK charts eight times and spent a total of 165 weeks on the UK chart.", "Whereas big band/swing music placed the primary emphasis on the orchestration, post-war/early 1950s era Pop focused on the song’s story and/or the emotion being expressed. By the early 1950s, emotional delivery had reached its apex in the miniature psycho-drama songs of writer-singer Johnnie Ray. Known as \"The Cry Guy\" and \"The Prince of Wails\", Ray's on-stage emotion wrought \"breakdowns\" provided a release for the pent-up angst of his predominantly teenage fans. As Ray described it, \"I make them feel, I exhaust them, I destroy them.\" It was during this period that the fan hysteria, which began with Frank Sinatra during the Second World War, really began to take hold.", "Who had a 1950 UK number 1 with \"Don't let The Stars Get In Your Eyes\"?", "Early in the decade, the honky-tonk style dominated country music, with songs of heartbreak, loneliness, alcoholism and despair the overriding themes. Long regarded the master of these themes was Hank Williams, whose critically acclaimed songwriting resulted in a string of legendary hits and songs, such as \"Cold, Cold Heart\", \"Your Cheating Heart\", \"Why Don't You Love Me\" and many more titles. Williams also lived hard, and on January 1, 1953, died. His legacy, however, would live on in country music for decades to come, and be vastly influential to new stars including a young Saratoga, Texas native named George Jones.", "'Mack The Knife' was one of two British Number Ones for the American cabaret singer, Bobby Darin. This fabulous recording also received its just desserts from Uncle Sam, who appointed it to the top of the United States chart for a staggering nine weeks. It is easy to hear why, as this murderous tale is unquestionably one of the finest tunes from the 1950s. Bobby Darin (whose other UK chart-topper was the admirable 'Dream Lover') died at the age of only 37, on this day in 1973 in Los Angeles, after health problems arising out of a bad heart condition. Darin had no funeral as his body was donated to medical research.", "In 1955 Jimmy Young became the first UK artist to top the New Musical Express chart, (popularly known by initialism, NME). The first, Unchained Melody, made the top spot in spite of intense competition from Al Hibbler, Les Baxter, and Liberace. The second, the title song from the movie,", "Cilla had over 50 years in showbusiness, had two number one singles, including 'Anyone Who Had A Heart' and was championed by fellow Liverpudlian's The Beatles.", "1952 – CHART TOPPERS – “ Cry ” by Johnnie Ray, “ Wheel of Fortune ” by Kay Starr,", "Pop/rock singer and songwriter Johnny Tillotson enjoyed his greatest success in the early '60s when he scored a series of Top Ten hits including \"Poetry in Motion\" and the self-penned \"It Keeps Right on a-Hurtin'.\" In total, he placed 30 singles and LPs in the Billboard charts between 1958 and 1984, most of them in the pop charts, though he also reached the country, R&B, and easy listening charts. His string of hits allowed him to establish a performing career both in the U.S. and around the world that kept him steadily working well into the 21st century.", "Lynn's career flourished in the 1950s, peaking with \"My Son, My Son\", a number-one hit in 1954. Lynn co-wrote the song with Eddie Calvert. In early 1960, she left Decca Records after nearly 25 years, and joined EMI. She recorded for EMI's Columbia, MGM and HMV labels. She hit the top 10 on the Billboard Easy Listening chart in 1967 with \"It Hurts To Say Goodbye\".", "Bobby Darin was an American singer, songwriter and actor who became a ubiquitous presence in pop entertainment in the late 1950s and 1960s.", "Comedian Dodd scored a string of hits in the early 60s, including what became his signature tune Happiness, but the biggest of them was Tears. The single went to number one and was the highest seller of 1965.", "1949 – CHART TOPPERS – “ You’re Breaking My Heart ” by Vic Damone, “ Maybe It’s", "The Bevs, as everyone called them, appeared on numerous programmes and had Top 10 singles with \"I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus\" (1953) and \"Little Drummer Boy\" (1959). The public loved the way they did everything together and the way they would complete each other's sentences: if you play an old radio interview, it is impossible to tell who is saying what.", "1931 ● Miss Toni Fisher → Teen pop one hit wonder nightclub circuit singer, “The Big Hurt” (#3, 1959), which utilized innovative electronic phasing techniques that would become commonplace in the 60s and in synth-pop music of the 80s, died from a heart attack on 2/12/1999, age 68", "US & UK Top 40 hits. He was one of the all-time greats and a pop giant", "Had 18 Billboard #1 songs, the first being \"Heartbreak Hotel\" in March of 1956. His 18th and final #1, \"Suspicious Minds\", was released in September 1969.", "Country music singer with US hits in the late 60s.  This hit gave him stardom in the UK.", "15 Which American singer, known as the “Cry Guy” or the “Nabob of Sob”, had a Number 1 UK hit with Just Walking in the Rain in 1956?", "In 1954 he released �Veni, Vidi, Vici� and �I Still Believe�, followed by �A Blossom Fell� in 1955. Other hits followed- �The Yellow Rose Of Texas� and �Stars Shine In Your Eyes�- he was effectively one of the last of the balladeer before Rock and Roll took over the airwaves.", " 1952 Son of Paleface (performer: \"Buttons and Bows\", \"Four Legged Friend\", \"There's a Cloud in My Valley of Sunshine\", \"California Rose\")", "performer: \"WAITIN' FOR THE TRAIN TO COME IN\" 1945, \"WHY DON'T YOU DO RIGHT? GET ME SOME MONEY TOO\" 1947", " 1965 Poor Little Rich Girl (writer: \"Crying In The Rain\", \"What A Sweet Thing That Was\")", "Morning Trivia: This singer is best known for the song When a Man Loves a Woman from 50 years ago. Who is he?" ]

[ 4.23828125, 4.109375, 0.8984375, -0.76171875, -2.068359375, -3.447265625, -3.76953125, -3.94921875, -4.39453125, -4.44140625, -4.55859375, -4.56640625, -4.8828125, -5.3515625, -5.44140625, -6.015625, -6.13671875, -6.16015625, -6.64453125, -6.6953125, -6.84765625, -7.27734375, -7.4765625, -7.5390625, -7.80078125, -7.87109375, -8.59375, -8.65625, -9.15625, -9.6328125, -9.78125, -10.0703125 ]

[ "The Gang of Four (GoF) was the name given to a leftist political group composed of four Chinese Communist Party (CCP) members. They wielded significant power during China’s Cultural Revolution (1966-76) and were subsequently charged of various crimes. Their trial in late 1980 represented a significant change in China’s history since the founding of P.R.C. in 1949. ", "A power struggle followed Mao's death in 1976. The Gang of Four were arrested and blamed for the excesses of the Cultural Revolution, marking the end of a turbulent political era in China. Deng Xiaoping outmaneuvered Mao's anointed successor chairman Hua Guofeng, and gradually emerged as the de facto leader over the next few years.", "The Gang of Four, together with disgraced general Lin Biao, were labeled the two major \"counter-revolutionary forces\" of the Cultural Revolution and officially blamed by the Chinese government for the worst excesses of the societal chaos that ensued during the ten years of turmoil. Their downfall on October 6, 1976, a mere month after Mao's death, brought about major celebrations on the streets of Beijing and marked the end of a turbulent political era in China.", "Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (; 18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013) was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, politician, and philanthropist, who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black chief executive, and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid through tackling institutionalised racism and fostering racial reconciliation. Politically an African nationalist and democratic socialist, he served as President of the African National Congress (ANC) party from 1991 to 1997.", "The 1970s were also a time of serious unrest in Northern Ireland. In 1972, the Northern Ireland Parliament was suspended and Northern Ireland was directly ruled by the UK government. Some 3,000 people lost their lives in the decades after 1969 in the violence in Northern Ireland.", "London sent in the British army to help the police restore order, and soon they found they had to stay, to limit Protestant reaction. They also became a target for the IRA, and they gave back a heavy-handed response; one of the best-known examples was \"Bloody Sunday,\" where the army killed thirteen civilians in Londonderry (January 30, 1972). In 1970 a radical IRA faction, the Provisional IRA, broke away from the main body of the group, due to the latter's failure to protect Northern Ireland's Catholics from the police. In 1971 internment (imprisonment without trial) was introduced to combat terrorism. One year later London abolished the Northern Ireland Parliament and imposed direct rule. In 1974 it introduced a 15-member council, the Northern Ireland executive, made up of both Protestants and Roman Catholics, and led by the Unionist prime minister, Brian Faulkner. Protestant extremists, like the Reverend Ian Paisley, refused to share power with the \"Papists,\" so they used a general strike to bring down the coalition in the same year.", "The Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC), a splinter group of the African National Congress (ANC) created in 1959, organized a countrywide demonstration for March 21, 1960, for the abolition of South Africa’s pass laws. Participants were instructed to surrender their reference books (passes) and invite arrest. Some 20,000 blacks gathered near a police station at Sharpeville, located about 30 miles (50 km) south of Johannesburg . After some demonstrators, according to police, began stoning police officers and their armoured cars, the officers opened fire on them with submachine guns. About 69 blacks were killed and more than 180 wounded, some 50 women and children being among the victims. A state of emergency was declared in South Africa, more than 11,000 people were detained, and the PAC and ANC were outlawed. Reports of the incident helped focus international criticism on South Africa’s apartheid policy. Following the dismantling of apartheid, South African President Nelson Mandela chose Sharpeville as the site at which, on December 10, 1996, he signed into law the country’s new constitution.", "The Gang of Four was a quartet of political and economic radicals who emerged as powerbrokers during the Cultural Revolution. The most notable member of the gang was Jiang Qing or ‘Madame Mao’; others were career communists Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan and Wang Hongwen. There were other party members not in the four but involved on the periphery, such as Chen Boda, Mao Zedong’s leading speech writer and editor. As Mao’s health waned the Gang of Four began working to accumulate influence in and control of the party post-Mao, though to what extent they were protecting Mao’s ideological vision or simply making a selfish grab for power is speculative.", "1973 – A coup d'état in Chile led by General Augusto Pinochet overthrew the government of President Salvador Allende and established an anti-communist military dictatorship.", "When the conservative National Party edged out liberal opponents in South Africa's elections in 1948, the new government enacted legislation strengthening the relationship between the police and the military. The police were heavily armed after that, especially when facing unruly or hostile crowds. The Police Act (No. 7) of 1958 broadened the mission of the SAP beyond conventional police functions, such as maintaining law and order and investigating and preventing crime, and gave the police extraordinary powers to quell unrest and to conduct counterinsurgency activities. The Police Amendment Act (No. 70) of 1965 empowered the police to search without warrant any person, receptacle, vehicle, aircraft, or premise within one mile of any national border and to seize anything found during such a search. This search-and-seize zone was extended to within eight miles of any border in 1979 and to the entire country in 1983. Among the SAP's spies during the apartheid era were the infamous Craig Williamson and his best-known female recruit Olivia Forsyth.", "One of the turning points in the history of South Africa was the Sharpeville Massacre on 21 March 1960 , when the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) organised and led a protest against the pass laws. Police fired on the crowd of unarmed protestors, killing 69 people and injuring 180.  As tension mounted, the government declared a state of emergency on 30 March 1960 and banned the ANC, PAC and the South African Communist Party (SACP). As a result, thousands of activists were detained and imprisoned, while many others fled into exile. The clampdown precipitated the launch of the armed struggle by the now banned liberation movements.", "Despite obstacles and delays, an interim constitution was completed in 1993, ending nearly three centuries of white rule in South Africa and marking the end of white-minority rule on the African continent. A 32-member multiparty transitional government council was formed with blacks in the majority. In Apr., 1994, days after the Inkatha Freedom party ended an electoral boycott, the republic's first multiracial election was held. The ANC won an overwhelming victory, and Nelson Mandela became president. South Africa rejoined the Commonwealth in 1994 and also relinquished its last hold in Namibia, ceding the exclave of Walvis Bay .", "Beginning in the late 1960s, extreme-left groups like the Weathermen engaged in kidnapping and bombings to protest the Vietnam War, while groups like the Symbionese Liberation Army engaged in armed actions against civilians or the police, hoping thereby to provoke a \"people's revolution.\" These groups disappeared in the 1970s and 1980s only to be replaced by extreme-right terrorist organizations.", "Great instability was mainly the result of marginalization of ethnic groups, and graft under these leaders. For political gain, many leaders fanned ethnic conflicts, some of which had been exacerbated, or even created, by colonial rule. In many countries, the military was perceived as being the only group that could effectively maintain order, and it ruled many nations in Africa during the 1970s and early 1980s. During the period from the early 1960s to the late 1980s, Africa had more than 70 coups and 13 presidential assassinations. Border and territorial disputes were also common, with the European-imposed borders of many nations being widely contested through armed conflicts.", "Great instability was mainly the result of marginalization of ethnic groups , and graft under these leaders . For political gain , many leaders fanned ethnic conflicts, some of which had been exacerbated, or even created, by colonial rule. In many countries, the military was perceived as being the only group that could effectively maintain order, and it ruled many nations in Africa during the 1970s and early 1980s. During the period from the early 1960s to the late 1980s, Africa had more than 70 coups and 13 presidential assassinations . Border and territorial disputes were also common, with the European-imposed borders of many nations being widely contested through armed conflicts.", "In 1970, a series of marches and strikes led to the declaration of a state of emergency and the arrest of 15 Black Power leaders. In sympathy with the arrested leaders, a portion of the Trinidad and Tobago Regiment led by Raffique Shah and Rex Lassalle mutinied and took hostages at the Teteron Barracks(located on the Chaguaramas peninsula.", "On 25 January 1952, British attempts to disarm a troublesome auxiliary police force barracks in Ismailia resulted in the deaths of 41 Egyptians. [29] This in turn led to anti-Western riots in Cairo resulting in heavy damage to property and the deaths of several foreigners, including 11 British citizens. [29] This proved to be a catalyst for the removal of the Egyptian monarchy. On 23 July 1952 a military coup by the ' Free Officers Movement '—led by Muhammad Neguib and future Egyptian President Gamal Abdul Nasser —overthrew King Farouk and established an Egyptian republic.", "In the late 1960s, nationalist grievances were aired publicly in mass civil rights protests, which were often confronted by loyalist counter-protests. The government's reaction to confrontations was seen to be one-sided and heavy-handed in favour of unionists. Law and order broke down as unrest and inter-communal violence increased. The Northern Ireland government requested the British Army to aid the police, who were exhausted after several nights of serious rioting. In 1969, the paramilitary Provisional IRA, which favoured the creation of a united Ireland, emerged from a split in the Irish Republican Army and began a campaign against what it called the \"British occupation of the six counties\".", "On 18 April 1968 a group of senior military officers in the Sierra Leone Army who called themself the Anti-Corruption Revolutionary Movement (ACRM), led by Brigadier General John Amadu Bangura, overthrew the NRC junta. The ACRM junta arrested many senior NRC members. They reinstated the constitution and returned power to Stevens, who at last assumed the office of Prime Minister. ", "1973 - Student riots in Bangkok bring about the fall of the military government. Free elections are held but the resulting governments lack stability.", "In 1977, a power failure blacked out New York. Starting at about 9 pm, four lightning strikes on high-voltage transmission lines within the course of about half-an-hour knocked out electricity and plunged millions of residents of New York City into darkness. Unlike the calm during a similar blackout in 1965, the 1977 blackout erupted in chaos. The city was already in the midst of a financial crisis and high unemployment. Responding to the tension of the times, mobs set fires, smashed windows and hauled away food, clothing and appliances. It took 25 hours to restore power to the entire city. About 4,500 people were arrested during the riots, which resulted in damage estimated at $61 million.", "Isabel Perón's term was ended abruptly on March 24, 1976, by a military coup d'état. A military junta headed by General Jorge Videla took control of the country. The junta combined a widespread persecution of political dissidents with the use of state terrorism. The final death toll rose to thousands (no less than nine thousand, with some human rights organizations claiming it was closer to 30,000). Most of this number is accounted for by \"the disappeared\" (desaparecidos), people kidnapped and executed without trial and without record.", "Police powers were significantly expanded by laws such as the notorious Terrorism Act of 1967, which allowed the government to arrest and detain people indefinitely without trial and in solitary confinement, and to deny them access to their families or lawyers. Other laws allowed the government to ban individuals and organizations opposed to apartheid. The African National Congress (ANC) and the Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC) - black nationalist organizations that had pursued non-violent methods of resistance to apartheid - were outlawed in 1960. Both the ANC and the PAC then turned to violence, although the ANC sabotage campaign, which targeted government buildings and strategic places such as police stations and power plants, carefully avoided taking any human lives. Nevertheless, by 1964 the government had captured many of the leaders, including Nelson Mandela and PAC leader Robert Sobukwe. Eight ANC leaders, including Mandela, were tried for treason and sent to prison for life. Oliver Tambo, Thabo Mbeki, and other ANC leaders fled the country and led the struggle in exile.", "None of these groups ever seized power. However, the climate of assassination, intimidation and propaganda undoubtedly contributed to the breakdown of party government and the disappearance of international liberalism from public discourse. The mix of international events and domestic politics was to prove a lethal cocktail.", "The country was under emergency rule from 1963 until 2011. Public gatherings of more than five people were banned. Security forces were effectively granted sweeping powers of arrest and detention. ", "He came to office following the Presidential elections of late 1971. In 1973, Bordaberry dissolved the General Assembly and was widely regarded as ruling by decree as a military-sponsored dictator until disagreements with the military led to his being overthrown before his original term of office had expired. On November 17, 2006 he was arrested in a case involving four deaths, including two of members of the General Assembly during the period of civilian-military rule in the 1970s.", "In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the Black Liberation Army was a radical left wing terror group that felt justified killing law enforcement officers. Throughout the ‘70s, this group conducted assaults on police stations and murdered police officers.", "In 1993, a new constitution was implemented leaving the King without any executive authority and proscribing him from engaging in political affairs. Multiparty elections were then held in which the BCP ascended to power with a landslide victory. Prime Minister Ntsu Mokhehle headed the new BCP government that had gained every seat in the 65-member National Assembly. In early 1994, political instability increased as first the army, followed by the police and prisons services, engaged in mutinies. In August 1994, King Letsie III, in collaboration with some members of the military, staged a coup, suspended Parliament, and appointed a ruling council. As a result of domestic and international pressures, however, the constitutionally elected government was restored within a month.", "Political agitation surfaced in 1968 and increased as left- and right- wing extremists took to the streets. In March 1971, senior military leaders grew dissatisfied with the JP's inability to cope with domestic violence. In a so-called \"coup by memorandum,\" they called for the JP's replacement by a more effective government.", "Police had remarkable power over political opposition. The penalties imposed on political protest, even non-violent protest, were severe. During the states of emergency, which continued intermittently until 1989, anyone could be detained without a hearing by any police official for up to six months. Thousands of individuals died in custody. Those who were tried were sentenced to death, banished, or imprisoned for life, like Nelson Mandela.", "The regular armed forces halted an attempted coup by tank commanders in June 1973, but that incident warned the nation that the military was getting restless. Thereafter, the armed forces prepared for a massive coup by stepping up raids to search for arms among Popular Unity's supporters. Conditions worsened in June, July, and August, as middle- and upper-class business proprietors and professionals launched another wave of workplace shutdowns and lockouts, as they had in late 1972. Their 1973 protests against the government coincided with strikes by the trucking industry and by the left's erstwhile allies among the copper workers. The Nationalists, the Christian Democrats, and conservative students backed the increasingly subversive strikers. They called for Allende's resignation or military intervention. Attempts by the Catholic Church to get the PDC and Popular Unity to negotiate a compromise came to naught. Meanwhile, inflation reached an annual rate of more than 500 percent. By mid-1973 the economy and the government were paralyzed.", "Civil conflict gradually broke out between Eric Gairy’s government and some opposition parties including the New Jewel Movement (NJM). Gairy’s party won elections in 1976 but the opposition did not accept the result, accusing it of fraudulence. In 1979, the New Jewel Movement under Maurice Bishop launched a paramilitary attack on the government resulting in its overthrow." ]

[ 4.5390625, 1.9326171875, 1.6044921875, -1.9775390625, -2.400390625, -3.41796875, -3.451171875, -3.84765625, -4.0546875, -4.15234375, -4.27734375, -4.31640625, -4.53125, -4.89453125, -5.05859375, -5.203125, -5.29296875, -5.59375, -6, -6.625, -7.234375, -7.62890625, -7.828125, -7.8515625, -8.046875, -8.75, -9.234375, -9.3359375, -9.4296875, -9.5, -9.609375, -10.5390625 ]

[ "Jonah Barrington (born 29 April 1941) is a retired Irish/English squash player, originally from Morwenstow, Cornwall, England. ", "TWENTY-ONE years after his last great triumph, Jonah Barrington, the most successful British squash player ever, can be found, for hours every day, still stalking the courts. He is now 53 and shackled by a limp, but though the body weakens, no punishment that time can mete out will ever shake his resolve, the element which won him six British Open titles. For, as he says himself, there were far more talented players around.", "Jonah Barrington (born 29 April 1941) is a retired squash player (from Morwenstow, Cornwall) who is widely considered to be one of the greatest squash players of all time. An English-born Irishman, Ba (...) read full article at Wikipedia", "A Cornish-born Irish squash player, Barrington won the British Open (which was considered to be the effective world championship event before the World Open began) six times between 1967 and 1973, and was known as \"Mr. Squash\". ", "Not for no reason did the great British squash champion Jonah Barrington famously refer to squash as \"boxing with racquets\". Squash is a tough sport and the Khan family saw themselves as warriors.", "Perhaps the players who had the most impact on the development of the sport were Jonah Barrington (Ireland) and Geoff Hunt (Australia). They dominated Squash between the late 1960's and early 1980's, capturing the imagination of sportsmen and women everywhere and starting a boom in the sport which raised the number of courts to 46000 worldwide and the number of players to over 15 million by 1994.", "That is the piece of history for which Barrington should perhaps be remembered most, maybe even more than for the ground- breaking capture of six British Open titles in the late sixties and early seventies, an achievement which generated publicity for squash like never before. While titles are often used as a yardstick for measuring the greatness of an athlete it was Barrington's philosophy, tenacity, charisma and role as the ubiquitous pioneer of squash that makes his legacy so special.", "But then Barrington's battles were often great triumphs of will, very personal triumphs. They established him not only as one of the great squash players of all time, but as one of the Britain's great sportsmen. He became the only celebrity squash player Britain has ever had.", "His approach to training and self-imprvemnet were legendary. One of the most commonly used techniques in squash today, ‘Ghosting’, started with Barrington, and tales abound of the man himself performing magnificently high volumes of the exercise in his underpants in the back garden of his Cornwall home. Son Joey, now SquashTV’s lead commentator recalls with a great smile when, on a family holiday, Barrington constructed his own court on a sandy beach in South Africa as hundreds of fascinated onlookers watch in awe as Joey says ‘a crazy man ran around playing invisible squash against himself’.", "Barrington was entertaining, but also so headstrong and articulate that he became the mouthpiece for his fellow competitors. Aware that squash was a hidden sport, he used his prominence to change the structure of the game, setting up the professional players' association in 1973, the year he last won the British Open, and, in the eight years that he chaired it, overseeing a boom in playing numbers and sponsorship and bringing television to the court-side. His achievements have inspired benevolence as well as affection. 'In my eyes we all owe him,' says Hidayat Jahan, for some years the world No 3 behind Barrington and Geoff Hunt. 'Because of him we are making what we are making. He has done a great job.'", "Barrington’s very physical and radical approach influenced Hunt, a player who was well built and well placed to take advantage of it. One of the very finest athletes ever to play professional squash, the Australian also embarked on new and more rigorous training methods, and adopted a similarly more disciplined style – all with the end goal of defeating Barrington in mind.", "Two years after Barrington turned pro, Hunt and another great Australian, Kenny Hiscoe, followed. The two compatriots then did much of the donkey work in taking the squash mission to some distant, unlikely places.", "It is, Barrington feels, a good time to be a British squash player. \"The game is changing all the time,\" he said. \"My father made it accessible to the public in his playing time, but now that television is starting to do it justice I think it's coming back into the public eye. It's starting to get interesting again.\"", "Barrington often talked about creating a World Championship, which duly came about in 1976, though by then he was a little too old to have a chance of winning it. But by capturing six British Open titles within seven seasons, he had come to be described as the de facto World Champion. It happened because he was imaginatively tenacious and gave a far higher importance to winning than many Britons did at that time.", "We may have found a cure for Jonah Barrington's depression. Those who have heard the world record raconteur and six times former British Open Champion still spouting forth might be surprised that he needed one ...", "Among Barrington's less well- known achievements is a book, Murder on the Squash Court, which is not an account of his recent treatment at the hands of the SRA, but a flashback to his greatest matches. 'Murder' refers to the way he would win, not through superior skill, but through what he calls 'boxing with rackets', through stamina, relentlessly keeping the ball in play, grinding away at his opponents, waiting for their physical and mental defences to break and then going in for the kill. As a coach, he loathes his players 'going cheap' - losing a point through going for a winner because they do not have the mental strength to extend the rally and go for the kill when appropriate.", "The sport spread to America and Canada, and eventually around the globe. Players such as F.D. Amr Bey of Egypt dominated the courts in the 1930s, Geoff Hunt of Australia dominated the game during the 1960s and 1970s, winning a record eight British Opens at the time. During the 1980s and 1990s Jahangir Khan of Pakistan won the British Open a record of ten times and Jansher Khan of Pakistan won the World Open a record of eight times. [2] No list of squash champions is complete without referencing the legendary Pakistani Hashim Khan , winner of 7 British Open championships, and his son, Sharif Khan, winner of 12 North American Open titles. Hashim is considered one of the best athletes of all times and is the patriarch of a sports dynasty, consisting of himself, his brother, Azam, nephews Mohibullah and Gul, sons Sharif, Gulmast, Aziz, Liaquat Ali, and Salim Khan - all of whom are squash champions in their own right. Jansher Khan, although sharing the same last name, is not considered part of the \"Khan Dynasty\" of squash as he is not related to Hashim Khan.", "“Golf and rugby scored high on all the criteria,” Rogge said. “They have global appeal, a geographically diverse line-up of top iconic athletes and an ethic that stresses fair play.”", "Barrington sometimes suggested that there were simultaneous counts during a match – the points score and the energy levels. Which was most in influencing the outcome was not always evident. Once he lost the first game in a British Open final by 0-9 (to Geoff Hunt) but still lasted well enough to win.", "He is a brilliant sportsman. He represented Queensland at two football codes, Rugby League and Australian Rules, before turning to golf. And all the time his favorite sport was surfing. But it seems now at golf, he will outreach all past sporting achievements.", "Woods compiled one of the most impressive amateur records in golf history, winning six USGA national championships, plus the NCAA title, before turning professional on Aug. 27, 1996. He concluded his amateur career by winning an unprecedented third consecutive U.S. Amateur title, finishing with a record 18 consecutive match-play victories.", "Woods studied at Stanford University, and won a number of amateur U.S. golf titles before turning professional in 1996. He shot to fame after winning the U.S. Masters at Augusta in 1997—with a record score of 270—at the age of 21. Woods was the youngest man to earn the title, and the first African-American to accomplish this feat.", "Fujikawa hit the headlines in 2006 when, aged 15, he became the youngest golfer to qualify for the US Open. The next year, he became the second youngest player to make the cut at a PGA Tour event, Hawaii’s Sony Open, at 16 years and four days. He left the amateur ranks in 2007 and won his first tournament as a pro in April 2008 at the Mid-Pacific Open in Hawaii.", "Lyle showed his quality by winning The Open Championship at Royal St George's Golf Club in 1985. He was the first British winner since Tony Jacklin in 1969, and continued the rise of European golfers in the world scene.", "1987: Ian Woosnam, seen here playing out of the woods during the Woosnam v Lyle Final at the Wentworth Golf Club, was first in the Order of Merit and placed third in the Sports Personality awards behind winner Fatima Whitbread and Steve Davis.", "Former No. 1 player in the World Golf Ranking Adam Scott wore Uniqlo when he won the 2013 Masters at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia, USA.", "He is considered by many to be the most naturally talented player in the history of the sport, with some labelling him a 'genius'. Several of his peers regard him as the greatest player ever, although a temperamental streak sometimes leads to a lack of confidence or interest, and he has performed inconsistently throughout his controversial career thus far, with observers noting the 'two Ronnies' aspect of his character. According to Stephen Hendry after his defeat at the 2008 World Championship, \"O'Sullivan is the best player in the world by a country mile\". O'Sullivan has compiled the highest number of competitive century breaks in the sport's history, surpassing Hendry's previous record of 775. O'Sullivan has targeted reaching 1,000 century breaks before he retires. ", "      It was no surprise when Woods after his third U.S. Amateur victory abandoned his Stanford University studies and turned professional. His performance in his first few weeks as a professional was remarkable. After finishing in a tie for 60th in the Greater Milwaukee Open, the 20-year-old finished 11th in the Bell Canadian Open, tied for fifth in the Quad City Classic, tied for third in the B.C. Open, and finished first in the Las Vegas Invitational after a play-off against Davis Love III. Two weeks later he triumphed again in the Walt Disney World/Oldsmobile Classic at Lake Buena Vista, Fla., though in controversial fashion when Taylor Smith, having matched Woods's 21-under-par total of 267, was disqualified for using a long putter with a grip that did not conform to the rules. In November Woods finished fifth to Greg Norman in the Australian Open.", "Much of Barrington's good work is still there. As a director of excellence he has taken Britain to the verge of greatness: there are at present 23 British professionals in the world's Top 50, most of them young and with the potential to improve. What infuriated Barrington about the SRA's decision was that here was the class of the future, nurtured to excellence, scaling the heights of the world game, and just as they approach its peak, they were robbed of the mentor who had talked them through every step of the climb and left to go the distance unguided.", "\"There is obviously a genuine competitive edge, just as there was with Seb Coe and Steve Ovett,\" Barrington said. \"Those athletes were certainly two different characters just as we're seeing with Matthew and Willstrop.", "Barrington was a star almost wherever he went. He was refreshingly forthright, a magnetic story-teller, a great humorist, and an incisive commentator. He loved words and ideas, he was chatty, he delivered great quotes, he had radically new ideas about the game, and he was unafraid to be controversial.", "“He is a powerful player and a powerful scorer, accurate potter. He is playing in more tournaments than when Stephen Hendry was at his best, but his strike rate is higher than Hendry’s anyway." ]

[ 3.09765625, 2.90234375, 2.849609375, 2.03515625, 2.01171875, 1.666015625, 1.46875, 0.91796875, 0.45751953125, 0.3583984375, -0.57275390625, -0.7333984375, -0.951171875, -1.6181640625, -1.94140625, -2.236328125, -2.9140625, -3.203125, -3.423828125, -3.990234375, -4.9921875, -5.21875, -5.44921875, -5.44921875, -5.72265625, -5.9765625, -7.4296875, -7.44921875, -7.484375, -8.078125, -8.1640625, -10.4453125 ]

[ "Aaron Copland (; November 14, 1900 - December 2, 1990) was an American composer, composition teacher, writer, and later in his career a conductor of his own and other American music. Instrumental in forging a distinctly American style of composition, in his later years he was often referred to as \"the Dean of American Composers\" and is best known to the public for the works he wrote in the 1930s and 1940s in a deliberately accessible style often referred to as \"populist\" and which the composer labeled his \"vernacular\" style. ", "Aaron Copland (November 14, 1900 – December 2, 1990) was an American composer of concert and film music. Instrumental in forging a distinctly American style of composition, he was widely known as \"the dean of American composers.\" [1] Copland's music achieved a balance between modern music and American folk styles. The open, slowly changing harmonies of many of his works are said to evoke the vast American landscape.", "Aaron Copland was a 20th century American composer from Brooklyn, New York. Copland is known for writing very American music, but he actually studied in France. His teacher, Nadia Boulanger, helped Copland find his way to an American sound in classical music.", "Aaron Copland (November 14, 1900 � December 2, 1990) was an American composer of concert and film music, as well as an accomplished pianist. Instrumental in forging a distinctly American style of composition, he was widely known as �the dean of American composers.� Copland's music achieved a balance between modern music and American folk styles. The open, slowly changing harmonies of many of his works are said to evoke the vast American landscape. He also incorporated percussive orchestration, changing meter, polyrhythms, polychords and tone rows in a broad range of works for concert hall, theater, ballet, and films. Aside from composing, Copland was a teacher, lecturer, critic, writer, and conductor (generally, but not always) of his own works. Early life Aaron Copland was born in ...", "Aaron Copland was the leading American classical composer of the 20th century, particularly from about 1925 to 1970.", "Birthday - American composer Aaron Copland (1900-1990) was born in Brooklyn, New York. He created a quintessential American music style in his ballets, film scores, and orchestral works including Fanfare for the Common Man, Rodeo, and Appalachian Spring for which he won a Pulitzer Prize. His film score for The Heiress won an Oscar.", "Aaron Copland is one of the most famous American composers of all time. Copland was born in Brooklyn, New York, and went to France as a teenager to study music with Nadia Boulanger, who helped Copland create his own style.", "Aaron Copland was one of the most respected American classical composers of the twentieth century. By incorporating popular forms of American music such as jazz and folk into his compositions, he created pieces both exceptional and innovative. As a spokesman for the advancement of indigenous American music, Copland made great strides in liberating it from European influence. Today, ten years after his death, Copland’s life and work continue to inspire many of America’s young composers.", "...The American composer, and prominent champion of American music, Aaron Copland, appropriately born in 1900, wrote Fanfare for the Common Man.", "Born and raised in the same urban, early-20th-century milieu that produced Irving Berlin, Jerome Kern and George and Ira Gershwin, the great and quintessentially American composer Aaron Copland was trained in the classics but steeped in the jazz and popular Jewish music that surrounded him in childhood. As a young composer, his stated aim was to write music that would \"make you feel like you were alive on the streets of Brooklyn.\" Ironically, it was music that brilliantly evoked the rural American heartland that made Copland famous. One such work�arguably his greatest�was the score for the ballet Appalachian Spring, which became one of the most recognizable and beloved pieces of American music ever written almost immediately following its world premiere on this day in 1944.", "United States classical music composer, Aaron Copland, famous for his works including Appalachian Spring and Fanfare for the Common Man. (1900 - 1990).  Photo by Cleland Rimmer/Getty Images", "in 1990 - Aaron Copland dies at age 90. American composer; he studied composition in Paris with Nadia Boulanger. In his early works he experimented with jazz rhythms and then with an abstract style influenced by Neoclassicism. He came to be unofficially regarded as the U.S.'s national composer. He is best known for his three ballets based on American folk material: Billy the Kid in 1938), Rodeo in 1942, and Appalachian Spring in 1944, for which he recieved the Pulitzer Prize. He also wrote film scores, orchestral works, and operas. He won an Oscar for his 1949 music to The Heiress and was nominated for Of Mice and Men in 1939, Our Town in 1940 and 1943's The North Star. In his later years Aaron refined his treatment of Americana, making his references less overt, and he produced a number of works using the experimental technique of serialism. He continued to lecture and to conduct through the mid-1980s (Alzheimer's disease and respiratory failure) b. November 14th 1900.", "Aaron Copland was one of the most important figures in American music during the second quarter of the twentieth century, both as a composer (a writer of music) and as a spokesman who was concerned about making Americans aware of the importance of music. He won the Pulitzer Prize for music in 1945.", "Aaron Copland is by many considered as America's most talented composer of 20th century serious music. He composed mainly orchestral and ballet music and his compositions are almost all in the 'americana' style of musical modernism.", "Born in Brooklyn, to Russian immigrant parents, Aaron brought Russian ultra-patriotism to American music. Infusing western and jazz elements Copland wrote pieces that tell of American folklore. He was immensely popular, even when it was found that he had ties to the Communists. His \"Appalachian Spring\" won a Pulitzer Prize.", "Aaron Copland was born in Brooklyn into a Conservative Jewish family of Lithuanian origins, the last of five children, on November 14, 1900. While emigrating from Russia to the United States, Copland's father, Harris Morris Copland, Anglicized his surname \"Kaplan\" to \"Copland\" while living and working in Scotland for two to three years to pay for the boat fare to the US. Copland was however unaware until late in his life that the family name had been Kaplan, and his parents never told him this. Throughout his childhood, Copland and his family lived above his parents' Brooklyn shop, H.M. Copland's, at 628 Washington Avenue (which Aaron would later describe as \"a kind of neighborhood Macy's\"), on the corner of Dean Street and Washington Avenue, and most of the children helped out in the store. His father was a staunch Democrat. The family members were active in Congregation Baith Israel Anshei Emes, where Aaron celebrated his Bar Mitzvah. Not especially athletic, the sensitive young man became an avid reader and often read Horatio Alger stories on his front steps. ", "Aaron Copland, said the composer and conductor Leonard Bernstein, was the one to \"lead American music out of the wilderness.\" Copland's musical opus, for which he received the 1964 Medal of Freedom, also included such masterworks as \"Piano Variations\" (1930), \"El Salon Mexico\" (1936), \"Billy the Kid\" (1938), \"Fanfare for the Common Man\" (1942), \"Rodeo\" (1942), \"Appalachian Spring\" (1944), and \"Inscape\" (1967).", "Copland was the youngest of five children born to Harris and Sarah Copland, Lithuanian Jewish immigrants who owned a department store in Brooklyn. He did not take formal piano lessons until he was 13, by which time he had also begun writing small pieces. Instead of attending college, Copland studied theory and composition with Rubin Goldmark and piano with Victor Wittgenstein and Clarence Adler , and attended as many concerts, operas, and ballets as possible. In 1921, he went to Fontainebleau, France, taking conducting and composition classes at the American Conservatory. He went on to study in Paris with Ricardo Viñes and Nadia Boulanger and spent the next three years soaking up all the European culture, both new and old, that he could. He learned to admire not only composers like Stravinsky , Milhaud , Fauré , and Mahler , but others such as author André Gide. Boulanger 's performance of Copland 's 1924 Organ Symphony with Koussevitzky was the beginning of a friendship between the conductor and composer that led to Copland teaching at the Berkshire Music Center (Tanglewood) from 1940 until 1965.", "Throughout the ’50s, Copland slowed his work as a composer, and began to try his hand at conducting. He began to tour with his own work as well as the works of other great American musicians. Conducting was a synthesis of the work he had done as a composer and as an organizer. Over the next twenty years he traveled throughout the world, conducting live performances and creating an important collection of recorded work. By the early ’70s, Copland had, with few exceptions, completely stopped writing original music. Most of his time was spent conducting and reworking older compositions. In 1983 Copland conducted his last symphony. His generous work as a teacher at Tanglewood, Harvard, and the New School for Social Research gained him a following of devoted musicians. As a scholar, he wrote more than sixty articles and essays on music, as well as five books. He traveled the world in an attempt to elevate the status of American music abroad, and to increase its popularity at home. Through these various commitments to music and to his country, Aaron Copland became one of the most important figures in twentieth-century American music. On December 2, 1990, Aaron Copland died in North Tarrytown, New York.", "Aaron Copland meant a lot to a lot of people. So it’s no surprise that when he died in 1990 the preservationists got to work. One of America’s most distinctive composers, Copland wrote ballets, symphonies, movie scores, and jazz. He won the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1964, the Pulitzer Prize in composition in 1945, an Academy Award for musical score in 1950, and many other honors. His home in Cortlandt Manor, New York, was simple and unspectacular—a prairie-style house with unobtrusive rooms that echoed to the sounds of his piano for 30 years—but it reflected its historically significant resident artist.", "Aaron Copland was born on November 14, 1900, in Brooklyn, New York, the youngest of five children born to Harris Morris Copland and Sarah Mittenthal Copland. The family lived above a department store, which they owned. One of Copland's sisters showed him how to play piano when he was eleven years old, and soon afterward he began taking lessons from a teacher in the neighborhood. At age fifteen he decided he wanted to be a composer. While attending Boys' High School he began to study music theory beginning in 1917.", "Copland's father had no musical interest at all but his mother, Sarah Mittenthal Copland, sang and played the piano, and arranged for music lessons for her children. Of his siblings, oldest brother Ralph was the most advanced musically, proficient on the violin, while his sister Laurine had the strongest connection with Aaron, giving him his first piano lessons, promoting his musical education, and supporting him in his musical career. [8] She attended the Metropolitan Opera School and was a frequent opera goer. She often brought home libretti for Aaron to study. [9] Copland attended Boys' High School and in the summer went to various camps. Most of his early exposure to music was at Jewish weddings and ceremonies, and occasional family musicales. [6]", "Copland was included on an FBI list of 151 artists thought to have Communist associations. Joseph McCarthy and Roy Cohn questioned Copland about his lecturing abroad and his affiliations with various organizations and events, neglecting completely Copland's works which made a virtue of American values. Copland made several denials on record of any serious involvement with a list of political/cultural organizations identified as subversive by the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC). Copland has also been on record saying he does not think music has political importance despite having composed some of the most iconic American art music of the 20th century. ", "Aaron Copland (composer) -- Dead. Died December 2, 1990. Born November 14, 1900. \"Simple Gifts.\"   IMDb", "Aaron Copland died in New York City on December 2, 1990. He was remembered as a man who encouraged young composers to find their own voice, no matter the style, just as he had done for sixty years.", "Although Copland was intrigued by the idea of a \"jazz concerto\" and \"symphonic jazz,\" his Concerto for Piano and Orchestra did not succeed in that form as had those of Maurice Ravel and George Gershwin, who was praised by such eminent musical exiles as Schoenberg, Bartók, and Stravinsky (Gershwin had recently died at 38 and so was no longer a potential rival). [92] Copland would go on to write extensively and deliver the Norton lectures about jazz in America, especially the Big Band sound (1930s) and Cool West Coast Jazz (1950s). [94] Yet, enthusiastic as he was about jazz throughout his life, Copland also recognized its limitations:", "Copland also wrote prolifically on the subject of music. Across decades, Copland has published pieces on music criticism analysis on musical trends, and on his own compositions. Starting with his first critiques in 1924, Copland began a long career as music critic, teacher, and observer, mostly of contemporary classical music. He was an avid lecturer and lecturer-performer. He wrote reviews of specific works, trends, composers, festivals, books about music, and recordings. He took on a wide range of issues from the most general (\"Creativity\") to the most practical (\"Composer Economics\"). Copland also wrote three books, \"What to Listen for in Music (1939)\", \"Our New Music (1941)\", and \"Music and Imagination\" (1952). He had a long list of notable students (see below). Copland put a good deal of time and energy into supporting young musicians, especially through his association with the Berkshire Music Center at Tanglewood, both as a guest conductor and teacher. In working with young composers, Copland thought it more important to focus on expressive content than on technical points. ", "Above all others, Copland named Igor Stravinsky as his \"hero\" and his favorite twentieth century composer. [88] Stravinsky was in many ways his premiere model. [89] Stravinsky's rhythm and vitality is apparent in many of his works. [90] Copland especially admired Stravinsky's \"jagged and uncouth rhythmic effects,\" \"bold use of dissonance,\" and \"hard, dry, crackling sonority.\" [88] Copland was similarly but not quite as strongly impressed by Sergei Prokofiev 's \"fresh, clean-cut, articulate style.\" [91]", "npr_guest: A sad, sad story. In the '60s, he started to compose less. Some, Leonard Bernstein in particular, thought it was because his kind of accessible music had become less fashionable among younger composers, and that this development discouraged Copland. Copland himself disagreed. He said he felt he'd said all he had to say as a composer, and from the early '60s onward, he began to spend more and more time conducting. The tragedy is that he was suffering -- though it wasn't diagnosed for some time -- from Alzheimer's Disease. He did no serious composing after the mid-70s, and though he was able to continue conducting until about 1980 or so, the effects on his memory became tragically apparent. At the end of his life, he was still able to conduct \"Appalachian Spring,\" but he wouldn't necessarily know where he was when he was doing it. Eventually, his public career came to a close, and he spent his last year in isolation, like so many Alzheimer's victims. I can't think of another example offhand of another great artist who was struck down by this terrible affliction.", "Copland studied conducting in Paris in 1921, but not until his involvement conducting his own Hollywood scores, did he undertake it except out of necessity. On his international travels in the 1940s, however, he began to make appearances as a guest conductor, performing his own works. By the 1950s, he was conducting the works of other composers as well. From the 1960s on, he conducted far more than he composed. ", "npr_guest: Yes, Copland wrote \"Appalachian Spring,\" and, as a matter of fact, I was present this afternoon at a performance of that piece broadcast over NPR. The Orpheus Chamber Orchestra peformed it at the Library of Congress' Coolidge Auditorium, which is where the piece premiered in 1944. It was quite an experience, sitting on that very stage where Martha Graham's dance company first performed her ballet to Copland's score, listening to Orpheus play it live before a really excited audience. I was pretty excited, too.", "npr_host: Copland also studied literature in Paris and wrote songs based on poems. Would you say he was a literary musician?" ]

[ 6.40234375, 5.7890625, 4.55078125, 4.16796875, 4.13671875, 3.5390625, 3.490234375, 3.1015625, 2.9140625, 2.798828125, 1.890625, 1.6416015625, 1.4013671875, 1.2919921875, 0.578125, 0.301025390625, -0.662109375, -0.98876953125, -1.23828125, -1.2841796875, -2.3203125, -2.322265625, -2.4375, -3.859375, -3.96875, -4.4609375, -6.01171875, -6.15234375, -6.48046875, -6.484375, -7.4140625, -8.1796875 ]

[ "Edith Louisa Cavell ( / ˈ k æ v əl / ; 4 December 1865 – 12 October 1915) was a British nurse. She is celebrated for saving the lives of soldiers from both sides without distinction and in helping some 200 Allied soldiers escape from German-occupied Belgium during World War I , for which she was arrested. She was subsequently court-martialled, found guilty of treason and sentenced to death. Despite international pressure for mercy, she was shot by a German firing squad. Her execution received worldwide condemnation and extensive press coverage.", "Edith Louisa Cavell (; 4 December 1865 – 12 October 1915) was a British nurse. She is celebrated for saving the lives of soldiers from both sides without discrimination and in helping some 200 Allied soldiers escape from German-occupied Belgium during the First World War, for which she was arrested. She was accused of treason, found guilty by a court-martial and sentenced to death. Despite international pressure for mercy, she was shot by a German firing squad. Her execution received worldwide condemnation and extensive press coverage.", "Edith Cavell (1865- October 12 1915) was a British nurse who saved soldiers from all sides. When she helped 200 Allied soldiers escape from German-occupied Belgium, the Germans arrested her and she was executed by a German firing squad. Her death helped turn global opinion against Germany.[6]", "Edith Louisa Cavell - Was a British nurse who is celebrated for saving the lives of soldiers from all sides during World War I, for which she was arrested. She was found guilty of treason and sentenced to death. Despite international pressure for mercy, she was shot by a German firing squad. Her execution received worldwide condemnation and extensive press coverage. She is well known for her statement that \"patriotism is not enough. I can’t stop while there are lives to be saved.\"", "Edith Cavell was a British nurse serving in Belgium who was sentenced to death for assisting prisoners to escape during WW1. Edith Louisa Cavell was born on December the 4th, 1865. (Duffy, 2009) Edith was born in Swardeston, a small village in Norfolk where her father was a vicar for 45 years. (Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., 2013) At the age of 20, Edith entered the nursing profession, moved to Belgium and became matron of the Berkendael Medical Institute in 1907. Edith succeeded in raising the standard of Belgian nursing even though her career in Belgium was short-lived. (Duffy, 2009) ", "1865: Birth of Edith (Louisa) Cavell, English nurse in Brussels 1914-15, who was accused of helping Allied soldiers escape occupied Belgium over the Dutch border and was executed by the Germans.", "1865 Birth of Edith Cavell at Swardeston ( 4 miles south of Norwich). An English nurse in Brussels 1914-15, she was accused of helping Allied soldiers escape occupied Belgium over the Dutch border and was executed by the Germans. There is a statue of her outside Norwich Cathedral.", "What has made Edith Cavell’s position so vulnerable today is the preposterous level of disinformation unleashed by the secret British War Propaganda Bureau installed at Wellington House in London, swallowed so willingly by the Church of England and deliberately contorted into anti-German hysteria from 1915 onwards. Had the truth been told, we might never have heard anything about Edith Cavell. Her brave story was but one of several. Though there were not many, female spies were shot by both sides during the war, [11] but Edith Cavell’s fate was dressed in other clothes. Most importantly, she had not been executed as a spy, and only later the Germans referred to her as ‘the spy Cavell’. Now, the ‘Cavell – the – spy’ deniers are in quandary. How far can they admit Edith’s involvement in espionage? Was she just an ‘incidental spy’ or perhaps ‘an occasional spy’? Indeed, our experience has been to ask, do they want to know the truth at all, or do they simply want to live in the past, wrapped in the confidence of their propaganda? What are they afraid of?", "Edith Cavell, the First World War Nurse executed by the Germans for treason was born in the South Norfolk village of Swardeston. Her baptism can be found in the register of Swardeston for February 1866 where her father was the vicar and performed the christening ceremony. With a single click family historians can see an image of the actual entry in the parish register.", "Long ago people called a nurse the watcher. Watching. Watching to see that the sick do not slip away forever in their sleep. 1 Edith Cavell was a watcher. But World War I led this English-born nurse to become a member of an underground escape organization behind enemy lines. Her selfless sense of duty drove her to risk her life nursing and aiding Allied soldiers hiding from the Germans in war-torn Belgium. Cavell's patriotism and loyalty to Britain, as well as her sacrifice to humanity, has made her a significant heroine of World War I.", "Until the end of the war, Cavell lay buried in Belgium near the place she was executed. In May 1919, her body was brought home to England with great ceremony, and she was reburied at the Cathedral of Norwich, a few miles from her hometown of Swardeston. Her memory is kept alive today in the Institut (French spelling) Medical Edith Cavell in Brussels, where she served as matron and helped improve nursing standards. In Saint Martin's Place, near London's Trafalger Square, stands a tall statue of Edith Cavell in her nurse's cloak. Perhaps the best tribute to this heroic nurse is found in the words carved beneath her image: \"Humanity, Fortitude, Devotion, Sacrifice\"-a fitting description of this Christian watcher.", "Edith Cavell had never wanted to be a heroine. When the pastor referred to her in this way on the eve of her execution, she requested that she not be remembered like that but rather as a nurse who did her duty. However, after the battle of the Somme, at a time when recruitment was becoming more difficult, her execution was widely publicised in both Britain and North America by the British War Propaganda Bureau.", "Edith Cavell, RN (1865-1915), Tinker, Tailor, Nurse, Spy - Articles Archive - Nursing Jobs, RN Jobs, Career Advice at Working Nurse", "Today, Edith Cavell is probably the best known female from the Great War. Born in 1865, she was the daughter of a Norfolk clergyman, and in 1895 entered the London Hospital as a probationer and afterwards nursed in England for several years. In 1907, Edith was appointed Matron of the Berkendael Medical Institute in Brussels which she transformed into a teaching hospital of some excellence.", "In the months and years following Cavell's death, countless newspaper articles, pamphlets, images, and books publicised her story. She became an iconic propaganda figure for military recruitment in Britain to help increase favourable sentiment towards the Allies in the United States. She was a popular icon because of her sex, her nursing profession, and her apparently heroic approach to death. [17] Her execution was represented as an act of German barbarism and moral depravity.", "In the months and years following Cavell's death, countless newspaper articles, pamphlets, images, and books publicised her story. She became an iconic propaganda figure for military recruitment in Britain, and to help increase favourable sentiment towards the Allies in the United States. She was a popular icon because of her sex, her nursing profession, and her apparently heroic approach to death. [21] Her execution was represented as an act of German barbarism and moral depravity.", "The name of Edith Cavell's lives on in many ways. In Brussels the nurses' training school is called Ecole Edith Cavell. In London's Trafalgar Square there is statue of her in her nurse's cloak. In Paris' Tuileries there is a beautiful sculpture of her. In Canada a western mountain is named Mt. Cavell. In the U.S. Rocky Mountains, there is Cavell Glacier. And in Swardeston, where she was born, the window over the altar of the church is dedicated to her. Edith is buried in Life's Green, close to the World War I memorial chapel at Norwich Cathedral. Her body was returned to England after the war ended and visitors still stop to see her grave. .", "For further information on Edith Cavell her biography is Fatal Decision, Edith Cavell, WW1 Nurse by Terri Arthur.  Other books about her include The Case of Edith Cavell- A Study of the Rights of Non-Combatants by James M. Beck and Silent in an Evil Time: The Brave War of Edith Cavell by Jack Batten.  There are numerous sites on the internet with valuable information as well. Images are supplied courtesy of The Wellcome Library in London.", "In the summer of 1914, Edith Cavell, head matron of the Berkendael Medical Institute, was on a brief holiday visiting her family in England when news came of the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand in far Sarajevo. Edith's family urged her to stay in England, but she believed duty demanded that she return to the hospital in Brussels. When she said good-bye she did not know that she would never see her family again. On 4 August the Germans invaded Belgium. Soon the hospital where Edith worked became a Red Cross hospital and wounded soldiers from both sides Belgians, Germans, French, British were cared for.", "In 1919 Edith Cavell’s body was disinterred from its unmarked grave in Brussels and given a formal memorial service in the Gard du Nord in the presence of the Allied Commanders. The coffin was loaded with all reverence onto a special train draped in black and covered with beautiful flowers. Her remains were met with great ceremony in England, and Queen Alexandra attended the military service at Westminster Abbey. Finally, Edith was laid to rest outside Norwich Cathedral with all the panoply of a grateful nation. [1] Let it be clearly understood that she was a patriot who willingly gave her life to save other brave men. Her self-sacrifice is beyond doubt and worthy of high honour. They called her a martyr, and amid the holy pomp and circumstance of the iconic cathedral, she was lauded in triumph. [2] On the other hand we now know that Edith was knowingly and unrepentantly a key figure in a Belgian resistance network which was spying for the allies and sending military intelligence to London. [3] Furthermore, she had a tale to tell.", "Sir William Wiseman, head of British Intelligence, and partner of Kuhn Loeb Company, feared that the continuance of the war was at stake, and secretly notified the Germans that Miss Cavell must be executed. The Germans reluctantly arrested her and charged her with aiding prisoners of war to escape. The usual penalty for this offense was three months imprisonment, but the Germans bowed to Sir William Wiseman�s demands, and shot Edith Cavell, thus creating one of the principal martyrs of the First World War.", "In November 1914, after the German occupation of Brussels, Cavell began sheltering British soldiers and funnelling them out of occupied Belgium to the neutral Holland. [5] Wounded and derelict British and French soldiers and Belgians and French of military age were hidden from the Germans and provided with false papers by Prince Reginald de Croy at his château of Bellignie near Mons. From there, they were conducted by various guides to the houses of Cavell, Louis Séverin and others in Brussels, and furnished by them with money to reach the Dutch frontier and with guides obtained through Philippe Baucq. [6] This placed Cavell in violation of German military law. [7] [8] German authorities became increasingly suspicious of the nurse's actions, which were backed up by her outspokenness. [7]", "Cavell, Edith Louisa (1865-1915) \"Standing, as I do, in the view of God and eternity I realize that patriotism is not enough. I must have no hatred or bitterness towards anyone.\" (To the chaplain who attended her before her execution by the Germans, 12 October 1915)", "One image commonly represented was of her as an innocent victim of a ruthless and dishonourable enemy. [12] This view depicted Edith Cavell as innocent of espionage, and was most commonly used in various forms of British propaganda, such as postcards and newspaper illustrations during the war. [12] Her story was presented in the British press as a means of fuelling a desire for revenge on the battlefield. [12] These images implied that men must enlist in the armed forces immediately in order to stop the murder of innocent British females.", "Edith sent news to England, and not just to the Nursing Mirror. She maintained a steady flow of correspondence to her family and friends. She wrote a cautious letter to her mother on 15 September 1914, in which she claimed that ‘life goes on as usual’ and to her sister, Florence, three days later, in which she expressed concern about the homeless and the misery that might follow a bad winter in Belgium. [3] In these instances her mail was routed through Vecht and later, Bergen op Zoom in Holland, but Edith’s letters home became progressively incautious. In a reply to her cousin Eddy, dated 11 March 1915, she explained that she received his missive through the American Consul and enclosed a list of soldiers about whose safe return to England she had concern. Unwittingly, Edith Cavell became indiscreet. She told her mother on 14 March that she could ‘tell you many things but must save them till later’, [4] and described a Zeppelin passing overhead in Brussels. Ten days later she sent her epistle to the editor of the Nursing Mirror.", "After her execution, the fate of Edith Cavell was widely publicised in the British and American media. It was shown as more evidence of German brutality and injustice. Edith Cavell was portrayed as a heroic, and innocent figure who remained steadfast in her Christian faith and willingness to die for her country. It was hoped her example would encourage more men to enlist.", "Arthur Zimmermann as foreign secretary also felt called upon to comment on Edith Cavell 's execution by firing squad on October 12, 1915. The incident had caused a sensation in the UK and US press and political capital was being made out of it. He began by saying that \"it was a pity that Miss Cavell had to be executed\", but that it was necessary.", "One image commonly represented was of Cavell as an innocent victim of a ruthless and dishonourable enemy. This view depicted her as having helped Allied soldiers to escape, but innocent of 'espionage', and was most commonly used in various forms of British propaganda, such as postcards and newspaper illustrations during the war. Her story was presented in the British press as a means of fuelling a desire for revenge on the battlefield. These images implied that men must enlist in the armed forces immediately in order to stop forces that could arrange the judicial murder of an innocent British woman.", "[3] HMG “Committee of Enquiry into Breaches of the Laws of War,” 26 February, 1920. pp. 419-428 ‘Execution of Edith Cavell: p. 424, ‘ … the Feldgericht was justified … to condemn her to death. (see http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/D7736306#imageViewerLink )", "[12] First World War.com – Primary Documents – Hugh Gibson on the Execution of Edith Cavell", "[8] Charles F Horne, Source Records of the Great War, Vol. III, ed., National Alumni, 1923. firstworldwar.com – Primary Documents – Maitre G. de Level on the Execution of Edith Cavell.", "After the war, it was decided to bring the body of Edith Cavell back to England. On 17th March 1919, she was exhumed. and was \"found to be well preserved and the features still recognizable.\"" ]

[ 8.6328125, 8.4609375, 7.76171875, 6.0703125, 5.26171875, 5.2109375, 4.30859375, 4.00390625, 3.94921875, 3.69140625, 3.3515625, 2.9296875, 2.8671875, 2.76953125, 2.763671875, 2.59765625, 2.388671875, 2.205078125, 2.12890625, 0.312255859375, 0.282958984375, 0.1806640625, 0.144287109375, -1.34765625, -1.85546875, -1.9658203125, -2.384765625, -3.26953125, -3.42578125, -3.515625, -3.6484375, -3.78515625 ]

[ "Indian cinema's early contacts with other regions became visible with its films making early inroads into the Soviet Union, Middle East, Southeast Asia, and China. Mainstream film stars like Rajesh Khanna, Sridevi, Aamir Khan, Shah Rukh Khan, Rajnikanth and Raj Kapoor gained international fame across Asia and Eastern Europe. Indian films also appeared in international fora and film festivals. This allowed 'Parallel' Bengali filmmakers such as Satyajit Ray to achieve worldwide fame, with his films gaining success among European, American and Asian audiences. Ray's work subsequently had a worldwide impact, with filmmakers such as Martin Scorsese, James Ivory, Abbas Kiarostami, Elia Kazan, François Truffaut, Steven Spielberg, Carlos Saura, Jean-Luc Godard, Isao Takahata, Gregory Nava, Ira Sachs and Wes Anderson being influenced by his cinematic style, and many others such as Akira Kurosawa praising his work. The \"youthful coming-of-age dramas that have flooded art houses since the mid-fifties owe a tremendous debt to the Apu trilogy\". Subrata Mitra's cinematographic technique of bounce lighting also originates from The Apu Trilogy. Ray's film Kanchenjungha (1962) also introduced a narrative structure that resembles later hyperlink cinema. Since the 1980s, some previously overlooked Indian filmmakers such as Ritwik Ghatak and Guru Dutt have posthumously gained international acclaim.", "Satyajit Ray (; 2 May 1921 – 23 April 1992) was an Indian Bengali filmmaker, widely regarded as one of the greatest filmmakers of the 20th century. Ray was born in the city of Calcutta into a Bengali family prominent in the world of arts and literature. Starting his career as a commercial artist, Ray was drawn into independent filmmaking after meeting French filmmaker Jean Renoir and viewing Vittorio De Sica's Italian neorealist film Bicycle Thieves (1948) during a visit to London.", "Item Description: Penguin Books India, 2011. Softcover. Book Condition: New. First edition. Satyajit Ray (1921â�\"1992) was Indiaâ��s preeminent film-maker, as well as a major figure in world cinema. He made more than thirty films and was awarded the Oscar for Lifetime Achievement in 1992. A truly cosmopolitan artist, he combined elements from his own culture with those of the West, creating a unique synthesis. While his films are deeply culture-specific, they are also profoundly universal. 299 Rayâ��s major work focuses on India as a new emerging nation, filtered through the experiences of men and women who seek to define themselves in relation to the larger forces of change. These forces manifest themselves through conflicts between the feudal and the modern, tradition and progress, the village and the city, the old and the new. Through his understated, poetic narratives, Ray shows how such conflicts shape new forms of identity within an evolving society. A study of modernity in the work of Satyajit Ray, Suranjan Gangulyâ��s book examines six major films in depth, focusing on such issues as the nature of human subjectivity, the importance of education, the emancipation of women, the rise of the new middle class, and the crisis of identity in post-independence India. Ganguly provides close readings of Pather Panchali (1955), Aparajito (1956), Apur Sansar (1959), Charulata (1964), Aranyer Din Ratri (1970), and Pratidwandi (1970)â�\"films that reflect Rayâ��s interest in how culture shapes consciousness through its encounter with history and modernity. Printed Pages: 176. Bookseller Inventory # 26848", "Item Description: Penguin Books, 2011. Satyajit Ray 1921-1992 was India?s preeminent film-maker as well as a major figure in world cinema He made more than thirty films and was awarded the Oscar for Lifetime Achievement in 1992 A truly cosmopolitan artist he combined elements from his own culture with those of the West creating a unique synthesis While his films are deeply culture-specific they are also profoundly universalRays major work focuses on India as a new emerging nation filtered through the experiences of men and women who seek to define themselves in relation to the larger forces of change These forces manifest themselves through conflicts between the feudal and the modern tradition and progress the village and the city the old and the new Through his understated poetic narratives Ray shows how such conflicts shape new forms of identity within an evolving societyA study of modernity in the work of Satyajit Ray Suranjan Ganguly?s book examines six major films in depth focusing on such issues as the nature of human subjectivity the importance of education the emancipation of women the rise of the new middle class and the crisis of identity in post-independence India Ganguly provides close readings of Pather Panchali 1955 Aparajito 1956 Apur Sansar 1959 Charulata 1964 Aranyer Din Ratri 1970 and Pratidwandi 1970 films that reflect Ray?s interest in how culture shapes consciousness through its encounter with history and modernity 176 pp. Bookseller Inventory # 99037", "Ever since Chetan Anand's social realist film Neecha Nagar won the Grand Prize at the first Cannes Film Festival, Indian films were frequently in competition for the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival for nearly every year in the 1950s and early 1960s, with a number of them winning major prizes at the festival. Satyajit Ray also won the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival for Aparajito (1956), the second part of The Apu Trilogy, and the Golden Bear and two Silver Bears for Best Director at the Berlin International Film Festival. Ray's contemporaries, Ritwik Ghatak and Guru Dutt, were overlooked in their own lifetimes but had belatedly generated international recognition much later in the 1980s and 1990s. Ray is regarded as one of the greatest auteurs of 20th century cinema, with Dutt and Ghatak. In 1992, the Sight & Sound Critics' Poll ranked Ray at No. 7 in its list of \"Top 10 Directors\" of all time, while Dutt was ranked No. 73 in the 2002 Sight & Sound greatest directors poll.", "Ever since Satyajit Ray's Pather Panchali (1955) was awarded Best Human Document at the 1956 Cannes Film Festival, Bengali films frequently appeared in international fora and film festivals for the next several decades.Desai, Jigna (2004), Beyond Bollywood: The Cultural Politics of South Asian Diasporic Film, p. 38, Routledge, ISBN 0-415-96684-1 This allowed Bengali filmmakers to reach a global audience. The most influential among them was Satyajit Ray, whose films became successful among European, American and Asian audiences. His work subsequently had a worldwide impact, with filmmakers such as Martin Scorsese, James Ivory, Abbas Kiarostami, Elia Kazan, François Truffaut, Carlos Saura, Isao Takahata, Wes Anderson and Danny Boyle being influenced by his cinematic style, and many others such as Akira Kurosawa praising his work. ", "Indian director Satyajit Ray's first film, the low-budget, coming-of-age tale Pather Panchali (1955, India) (aka The Song of the Road, or The Lament of the Path), was the first of an \"Apu Trilogy\" followed by Aparajito (1956) (aka The Unvanquished) and Apur Sansar (1959) (aka The World of Apu). It realistically portrayed low-class poverty in India through the eyes of its adolescent protagonist Apu (Subir Banerjee). It was the first Indian film to receive major critical attention internationally.", "Ray's international career started in earnest after the success of his next film, Aparajito (The Unvanquished). This film shows the eternal struggle between the ambitions of a young man, Apu, and the mother who loves him. Critics such as Mrinal Sen and Ritwik Ghatak rank it higher than Ray's first film. Aparajito won the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival, bringing Ray considerable acclaim. Before completing The Apu Trilogy, Ray directed and released two other films: the comic Parash Pathar (The Philosopher's Stone), and Jalsaghar (The Music Room), a film about the decadence of the Zamindars, considered one of his most important works. ", "One of the greatest of all filmmakers, Satyajit Ray , debuted with a first feature, Pather Panchali (1955), that was so good it ranks as one of the finest films ever made.", "A baritone voice, considered to be Bachchan's most important asset, caught the attention of 'Academy Award' winning Bengali filmmaker Satyajit Ray. Ray used the former as a narrator for his movie 'Shatranj Ke Khiladi', released in 1977.", "In 1921, Ray moved to Paris. There, he continued to be a part of the artistic avant garde, rubbing elbows with such famous figures as Gertrude Stein and Ernest Hemingway. Ray became famous for his portraits of his artistic and literary associates. He also developed a thriving career as a fashion photographer, taking pictures for such magazines as Vogue. These commercial endeavors supported his fine art efforts. A photographic innovator, Ray discovered a new way to create interesting images by accident in his darkroom. Called \"Rayographs,\" these photos were made by placing and manipulating objects on pieces of photosensitive paper.", "Many literary works include references to Ray or his work, including Saul Bellow's Herzog and J. M. Coetzee's Youth. Salman Rushdie's Haroun and the Sea of Stories contains fish characters named Goopy and Bagha, a tribute to Ray's fantasy film. In 1993, UC Santa Cruz established the Satyajit Ray Film and Study collection, and in 1995, the Government of India set up Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute for studies related to film. In 2007, the BBC declared that two Feluda stories would be made into radio programs. During the London Film Festival, a regular \"Satyajit Ray Award\" is given to a first-time feature director whose film best captures \"the artistry, compassion and humanity of Ray's vision\". Wes Anderson has claimed Ray as an influence on his work; his 2007 film, The Darjeeling Limited, set in India, is dedicated to Ray. Ray also a graphic designer, designed most of his film posters, combining folk-art and calligraphy to create themes ranging from mysterious, surreal to comical; an exhibition his posters was held at British Film Institute in 2013. ", "\"Inspired by Sherlock Holmes and his acute powers of observation and reasoning, Satyajit Ray created his own Bengali super sleuth. Prodosh Chandra Mitter or Feluda to his fans and his cousin Topse, was a master sleuth....\"", "The cinematheques of Tel Aviv, Jerusalem and Haifa are screening the works of famed Indian film director Satyajit Ray, from July 24 through August 8, 2016. The retrospective is organized with the assistance of the Embassy of India in Israel, the  Satyajit Ray Film Archives, and the Department of Information and Cultural Affairs of the Government of West Bengal.", "In 1955, with some financial help from the West Bengal government and after a rather lengthy production, Ray's Pather Panchali debuted internationally to broad critical acclaim and was one of the first films to provide a glimpse into the traditions of this country to the global audiences. Pather Panchali, an outstanding cinematic achievement as it stands presently, is understandably considered to be a landmark film for the very reason that it was one of the early films to rival mainstream films so dauntlessly in India, and was also a fillip to the emerging new type of cinema. Prior to this, only Chetan Anand's Neecha Nagar was an Indian film that had made any kind of substantial impact globally when it won the Grand Prix at the Cannes Film Festival in 1946. The films of V. Shantaram were also occasionally screened abroad, wresting praise from none other than Charlie Chaplin himself for his film, Manoos, but this particular titbit wasn't momentous.", "^ Ray, Suchetana (March 11, 2008). \"Satyajit Ray is this Spanish director's inspiration\". CNN-IBN. Retrieved 2009-06-06.", "India has produced many cinema-makers like Satyajit Ray, Mrinal Sen, J. C. Daniel, Kasinathuni Viswanath, Bapu, Ritwik Ghatak, Guru Dutt, K. Vishwanath, Adoor Gopalakrishnan, Shaji N. Karun, Girish Kasaravalli, Shekhar Kapoor, Hrishikesh Mukherjee, Shyam Benegal, Shankar Nag, Girish Karnad, G. V. Iyer, Mani Ratnam, and K. Balachander (see also: Indian film directors). With the opening up of the economy in recent years and consequent exposure to world cinema, audience tastes have been changing. In addition, multiplexes have mushroomed in most cities, changing the revenue patterns.", "In the post-Charulata period, Ray took on projects of increasing variety, ranging from fantasy to science fiction to detective films to historical drama. Ray also made considerable formal experimentation during this period. He expressed contemporary issues of Indian life, responding to a perceived lack of these issues in his films. The first major film in this period is Nayak (The Hero), the story of a screen hero travelling in a train and meeting a young, sympathetic female journalist. Starring Uttam Kumar and Sharmila Tagore, in the twenty-four hours of the journey, the film explores the inner conflict of the apparently highly successful matinée idol. In spite of the film's receiving a \"Critics prize\" at the Berlin International Film Festival, it had a generally muted reception. ", "Ray considered making a film on the Bangladesh Liberation War but later abandoned the idea. He said that, as a filmmaker, he was more interested in the travails of the refugees and not the politics. In 1977, Ray completed Shatranj Ke Khiladi (The Chess Players), a Hindi film based on a story by Munshi Premchand. It was set in Lucknow in the state of Oudh, a year before the Indian rebellion of 1857. A commentary on issues related to the colonisation of India by the British, this was Ray's first feature film in a language other than Bengali. It is his most expensive and star-studded film, featuring Sanjeev Kumar, Saeed Jaffrey, Amjad Khan, Shabana Azmi, Victor Bannerjee and Richard Attenborough.", "In 1949, Ray married Bijoya Das, his first cousin and long-time sweetheart. The couple had a son, Sandip, who is now a film director. In the same year, French director Jean Renoir came to Calcutta to shoot his film The River. Ray helped him to find locations in the countryside. Ray told Renoir about his idea of filming Pather Panchali, which had long been on his mind, and Renoir encouraged him in the project. In 1950, D.J. Keymer sent Ray to London to work at its headquarters office. During his three months in London, Ray watched 99 films. Among these was the neorealist film Ladri di biciclette (Bicycle Thieves) (1948) by Vittorio De Sica, which had a profound impact on him. Ray later said that he came out of the theatre determined to become a film-maker. ", "*National Board of Review Award for Best Foreign Language Film: Satyajit Ray (1958- Pather Panchali & 1960- The World of Apu) ", "For some of us, such as Naipaul, the magic works. Seeing The Chess Players at its première in 1977 changed my life, by making me want to know Ray's films deeply, which in turn led me to study his influences, ranging from Akira Kurosawa and Tagore to Henri Cartier-Bresson and Mozart, and to a friendship with Ray himself. But overall, when the film was first released, neither East nor West seemed quite satisfied with it. Both Indians and Westerners wanted Ray to have painted his canvas in bolder colours - like Richard Attenborough's openly anti-colonial film Gandhi. Yet as Ray once said of movies in general: 'Villains bore me.' Defending The Chess Players against the accusation that it did not condemn historical evils, he remarked:", "In 1950, Ray had decided that Pather Panchali, the classic coming of age story (bildungsroman) of Bengali literature, published in 1928 by Bibhutibhusan Bandopadhyay, would be the subject matter for his first film. This semi-autobiographical novel describes the growing up of Apu, a small boy in a Bengal village. He went ahead with the film after meeting Jean Renoir during filming of The River (1951) and after watching the Italian neorealist film Bicycle Thieves (1948) while he was in London. Besides the influence of European cinema and Bengali literature, Ray is also indebted to the Indian theatrical tradition, particularly the rasa theory of classical Sanskrit drama. The complicated doctrine of rasa centers predominantly on feelings experienced not only by the characters but also conveyed in a certain artistic way to the spectator. The duality of rasa representation shows in The Apu Trilogy. ", "It is my personal view, and I think I'll have to go into hiding after saying this, that this is Satyajit Ray's greatest film. I happen to share a common name with the protagonist, Siddhartha, and knowing the sort of impact this movie had on my father, and people of his generation, I wouldn't be surprised if, subconsciously at least, I was named after the character.", "Given its world premiere at the London Film Festival in 1977, The Chess Players was the first adult film about the Raj. Today, after Gandhi, Heat and Dust, The Jewel in the Crown, A Passage to India and many other Raj-related films, Ray's work remains by far the most sophisticated portrayal of this particular clash of cultures. No other director - British, Indian or otherwise - is likely to better it. As V.S. Naipaul remarked of the film, 'It is like a Shakespeare scene. Only 300 words are spoken but goodness! terrific things happen.' The corollary is that many, maybe even the majority of viewers, who like to keep their colonialism pure and simple - in contrast to Ray's complex mixture find the film lacking in passion and conviction. The New York Times film critic complained in 1978: 'Ray's not outraged. Sometimes he's amused; most often he's meditative, and unless you respond to this mood the movie is so overly polite that you may want to shout a rude word.' Historians of the period, on the other hand, have been almost universal in their praise of the film - no doubt a reflection of the immensely detailed and fastidious research that went into its production.", "Charulata, Ray's masterpiece based on Tagore's “Nastanir”, was rejected at Cannes. This hurt Ray deeply, though he never expressed his discontent in public. There were protests from Sir David Lean, Ingmar Bergman and Robert Mulligan as to why Charulata was rejected. Very few know it is an all-time favourite with the French neo wave high priest, Jean Luc Goddard.", "From the film industry, Chaplin received a special Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival in 1972, and a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Lincoln Center Film Society the same year. The latter has after been presented annually to filmmakers as The Chaplin Award. [76] Chaplin was given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1972, having been previously excluded because of his political beliefs.", "Ritwik Ghatak, Mrinal Sen, Shyam Benegal, Shaji N.Karun, Adoor Gopalakrishnan and Girish Kasaravalli Ray's films include The Apu Trilogy, consisting of Pather Panchali (1955), Aparajito (1956) and The World of Apu (1959). The three films won major prizes at the Cannes, Berlin and Venice Film Festivals, and are frequently listed among the greatest films of all time. ", "Alfred Hitchcock (the only critical work praised by the director himself for its impressive scholarship, clarity, and sensibility), fully traces the origins of Hitchcock's incomparable, bizarre genius and reveals the elements in his subject's family background, his education and early social life in London, his apprenticeship in Germany, and the golden years in America that helped to inspire a half-century of popular motion pictures.  Some of Spoto's richest material comes from the scores of interviews with Hitchcock's writers, actors, and longtime associates, and from the recently discovered data of the David O. Selznick archives, covering the years Hitchcock was under contract to the producer of King Kong and Gone With the Wind.  Studio production files, private correspondence, court records, and family registries all yielded important new information for this major biography, as did Hitchcock's fascinating relationships with the great stars - Gielgud, Bergman, Olivier, Carroll, Grant, Clift, Dietrich, Stewart, Kelly and many more.", "Astaire is one of a small group of actors who have been able to shape their own movies and make a distinct contribution to film history beyond the level of entertainment or personality. Known to be a perfectionist, his insistence on control of his own dance work expanded his influence on films. Not only did he create his own choreography in most films, he also participated in the decisionmaking process of how his dances would be photographed, scored, and edited; generally the camera frames his entire body, moves only in response to his lead, and keeps running in order to preserve the integrity of the dance. The careful matching of dance, image, and rhythm (both of sound and cutting) seen in his best numbers was a direct result of his desire for the best in every aspect of his work. Astaire pioneered the serious presentation of dance in motion pictures, both by his on-screen influence and his behind-the-scenes collaboration (most importantly with his alter ego at RKO, choreographer Hermes Pan).", "Amitabh Bachchan is a celebrated Indian film actor, known mainly for the cult movies âSholayâ, âZanjeerâ, and âDeewarâ. Read on for detailed information about his childhood, profile, career and timeline.", "During the early twentieth century cinema as a medium gained popularity across India's population and its many economic sections. Tickets were made affordable to the common man at a low price and for the financially capable additional comforts meant additional admission ticket price. Audiences thronged to cinema halls as this affordable medium of entertainment was available for as low as an anna (6.25 paisa) in Bombay. The content of Indian commercial cinema was increasingly tailored to appeal to these masses. Young Indian producers began to incorporate elements of India's social life and culture into cinema. Others brought with them ideas from across the world. This was also the time when global audiences and markets became aware of India's film industry." ]

[ 3.69140625, 2.078125, 1.6318359375, 1.314453125, 0.1351318359375, 0.12017822265625, -0.0294647216796875, -1.6318359375, -2.130859375, -2.1640625, -2.259765625, -2.275390625, -2.33984375, -3.08984375, -3.916015625, -4.48046875, -4.56640625, -4.71875, -4.90234375, -5.015625, -5.20703125, -5.30859375, -5.36328125, -6.11328125, -6.49609375, -6.96484375, -8.3359375, -8.578125, -9.5078125, -9.578125, -10.1171875, -10.3671875 ]

[ "Simple Minds is a Scottish pop and rock band that achieved its greatest worldwide popularity from the mid-80s to the early 90s, still playing to a massive fan-following today. The group, from the South Side of Glasgow, has produced a set of critically acclaimed albums in the early 80s. It also has secured a string of successful hit singles, the best known being their #1 worldwide hit single \"Don't You (Forget About Me)\", from the soundtrack of the John Hughes movie The Breakfast Club and their worldwide hit single \"Alive and Kicking\". The band has sold more than 40 million albums since 1979, breaking to the U.K. Top 40 chart a full 24 times.", "“Don’t You (Forget About Me),” the only number one song in the U.S. for Simple Minds, was written by Keith Forsey and Steve Schiff.", "Despite the band's new-found popularity in the UK and Europe, Simple Minds remained essentially unknown in the US. The band's UK releases on Arista were not picked up by Arista USA who had 'right of first refusal' for their releases. The 1985 film The Breakfast Club broke Simple Minds into the US market, when the band achieved their only No. 1 U.S. pop hit in April 1985 with the film's closing track, \"Don't You (Forget About Me)\". The song was written by Keith Forsey and Steve Schiff; Forsey offered the song to Billy Idol and Bryan Ferry before Simple Minds agreed to record it. The song soon became a chart-topper in many other countries around the world.", "1985: Scottish Rock band Simple Minds make their breakthrough in North America when ‘Don’t You (Forget About Me)’ tops the Billboard singles chart. The song was written specifically for the film ‘The Breakfast Clu’b and was only the second tune recorded by the group that they did not write.", "\"I'm more liable to write a line like 'Do forget about me,'\" Simple Minds frontman Jim Kerr said about their American breakthrough, \"Don't You (Forget About Me).\"", "Simple Minds have secured a string of successful hit singles, the best known being their number 1 worldwide hit single \" Don't You (Forget About Me) \", from the soundtrack of the John Hughes movie The Breakfast Club and number 3 worldwide hit single \" Alive and Kicking \".", "Forsey and Schiff wrote a few other songs for the film as well, including \"Fire in the Twilight\" by Wang Chung and \"Didn't I Tell You\" by Joyce Kennedy. \"Don't You (Forget About Me)\" was the only hit from the soundtrack, but it was a big one, rising to #1 in the US.", "“Don’t You” has enjoyed quite the legacy. For example, producer Jim Vallance (on his website) acknowledged that the title of Glass Tiger’s “Don’t Forget Me When I’m Gone” (released in 1986) was “not-too-subtly lifted” from the Simple Minds hit.", "Deborah Ann \"Debbie\" Harry (born July 1, 1945) is an American singer-songwriter and actress, best known as the lead singer of the new wave and punk rock band Blondie. She recorded several worldwide number one singles with Blondie during the 1970s and 1980s. She is sometimes considered the first rapper to chart at number one in the United States due to her work on \"Rapture\". She has also had success (mainly in Europe) as a solo artist before reforming Blondie in the late 1990s. Her acting career spans over 60 film roles and numerous television appearances.", "In the mid-1980s, her record sales were still relatively strong, with \" Save the Last Dance for Me \", \" Downtown \", \" Tennessee Homesick Blues \" (1984); \" Real Love \" (another duet with Kenny Rogers), \" Don't Call It Love \" (1985); and \" Think About Love \" (1986) all reaching the country Top 10. (\"Tennessee Homesick Blues\" and \"Think About Love\" reached No. 1; \"Real Love\" also reached No. 1 on the country chart and became a modest crossover hit). However, RCA Records did not renew her contract after it expired that year, and she signed with Columbia Records in 1987. [21]", "In 1988, Everything But the Girl released Idlewind, their fourth album for Blanco y Negro. They scored their first top 10 British hit with a cover of the Danny Whitten song \"I Don't Want to Talk About It,\" which Rod Stewart had recorded in 1980. The duo's version climbed to No. 3 in the summer of '88. 1990's The Language of Love included the track \"Driving,\" which became their first chart single stateside when it cracked Billboard's Modern Rock and Adult Contemporary charts. 1991 saw the release of their sixth LP, Worldwide, followed by the British EP Covers, which was issued as the album Acoustic in the U.S. along with additional tracks.", "Lead single \"Got 'til It's Gone\" was released in August 1997, featuring guest vocals from folk singer Joni Mitchell and rapper Q-Tip. The song's music video, depicting a pre-Apartheid celebration, won the Grammy Award for Best Short Form Music Video. \"Together Again\" became Jackson's eighth number-one hit on the Billboard Hot 100, placing her on par with Elton John, Diana Ross, and The Rolling Stones. It spent a record forty-six weeks on the Hot 100 and nineteen weeks on the United Kingdom's singles chart. It sold six million copies worldwide, becoming one of the best-selling singles of all time. \"I Get Lonely\" peaked at number three on the Hot 100, and received a Grammy nomination for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance. As Jackson's eighteenth consecutive top ten hit, it made her the only female artist to garner that achievement, surpassed only by Elvis Presley and The Beatles. Several other singles were released, including \"Go Deep\" and ballad \"Every Time\", which was controversial for the nudity displayed in its music video. ", "Paul Antony Young (born 17th January 1956) is an English singer, songwriter and musician. Formerly the frontman of the short-lived bands Kat Kool & the Kool Cats, Streetband and Q-Tips, his subsequent solo success turned him into a 1980s teen idol. He is famous for such hit singles as \"Love of the Common People\", \"Wherever I Lay My Hat\", \"Come Back and Stay\", \"Everytime You Go Away\" and \"Everything Must Change\", all reaching the top 10 of the UK Singles Chart. Released in 1983, his debut album No Parlez, the first of three UK number one albums, turned him into a household name. His smooth yet soulful voice belonged to a genre known as \"blue-eyed soul\". At the 1985 Brit Awards, Young received the award for Best British Male. ", "Other hit singles recorded by Ross for RCA included the Grammy nominated \" Muscles \" (1982), \"So Close\" (1983), \"Pieces of Ice\" (1983), \"All of You\" (1984) \" Swept Away \" (1984), the #1 R&B smash \" Missing You \" (1985), \" Eaten Alive \" (1985) and the UK number-one single, \" Chain Reaction \" (1986). Hit albums during this period included the gold -certified releases, All The Great Hits , Silk Electric and Swept Away , the latter being the last top forty charted album in Ross' career for two decades. While Ross continued to have success overseas as the 1980s continued, she began to struggle on the United States Billboard Hot 100 chart. In 1989, after leaving RCA, Diana Ross returned to Motown, where Ross was now both a part-owner and a recording artist.", "In 1979, Richard teamed up with the producer Bruce Welch for the pop hit single \" We Don't Talk Anymore \", which hit #1 in the UK and #7 in the U.S. Brian Ferry added the backing vocals to the song, however, he only hummed the backing vocals, he didn't actually ever sing. The record gave Richard the distinction of becoming the first act to reach the Hot 100 in the 1980s who had also reached the Hot 100 in each of the three previous decades. The song was quickly added onto the end of his latest album Rock 'n' Roll Juvenile . It was his first time at the top of the UK singles chart in over ten years, and the song would become his biggest-selling single ever. The accompanying music video was the sixth to appear on American cable channel MTV when it débuted Aug. 1, 1981.", "In the mid-1980s, her record sales were still relatively strong, with \"Save the Last Dance for Me\", \"Downtown\", \"Tennessee Homesick Blues\" (1984); \"Real Love\" (another duet with Kenny Rogers), \"Don't Call It Love\" (1985); and \"Think About Love\" (1986) all reaching the country Top 10. (\"Tennessee Homesick Blues\" and \"Think About Love\" reached No. 1; \"Real Love\" also reached No. 1 on the country chart and became a modest crossover hit). However, RCA Records did not renew her contract after it expired that year, and she signed with Columbia Records in 1987.", "March 22nd 1963, Born on this day, Susanne Sulley, singer, The Human League, (1981 UK No.1 & 1982 US No.1 single 'Don't You Want Me' plus over 15 other UK Top 40 singles).", "In 1983, he rejoined Alpert's A&M records and enjoyed huge success with a self-titled album and several follow-up albums, all of which received considerable adult contemporary airplay with charting singles. \"Never Gonna Let You Go\", featuring vocals by Joe Pizzulo and Leza Miller, equalled the success of his 1968 single \"The Look of Love\" by reaching No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart; it also spent four weeks atop the Billboard adult contemporary chart. In 1984 he recorded the \"Confetti\" album, which had the hit songs \"Olympia\", which was also used as a theme song for the Olympic games that year and \"Alibis\". The '80s also found Mendes working with singer Lani Hall again on the song \"No Place to Hide\" from the Brasil '86 album, and as producer for her vocals on the title song for the James Bond film Never Say Never Again.", "1988 -CHART TOPPERS – “ Don’t Worry Be Happy ” by Bobby McFerrin, “ I’ll Always Love You ” by Taylor Dayne, “ Love Bites ” by Def Leppard and “ Addicted ” by Dan Seals all topped the charts.", "Medley released several solo albums during the 1970s and 1980s, and enjoyed a resurgence in his career in the 1980s. He released an album, Sweet Thunder in 1980, containing a version of Don't Know Much, which was originally written and performed by Barry Mann the same year. He signed with Planet Records in 1982 and later with RCA. In 1984 and 1985, he charted 5 singles on the country charts with the biggest of these being the Top 20 country hit, \"I Still Do,\" which also crossed over to the adult contemporary charts and later became a \"cult\" hit with the Carolina Beach/Shag dance club circuit. One of Medley's minor entries, \"All I Need to Know\" was later recorded as \"Don't Know Much\" by Grammy-winning duet Linda Ronstadt and Aaron Neville was a long running No. 2 Hot 100 and No. 1 Adult Contemporary in 1989-90.", "Robert \"Bobby\" Brown (born February 5, 1969) is an American R&B singer, songwriter, dancer and actor. Brown started his career as one of the frontmen of the R&B and pop group New Edition, from its inception in 1978 until his forced exit from the group in 1985 following a period of misbehavior and rebellious behavior on his part. Starting a solo career, he became a hit success with his second album in 1988, Don't Be Cruel, which spawned a number of hit singles including the self-penned \"My Prerogative\", which became his signature hit. Brown had a string of top ten hits on various Billboard charts between 1986 and 1993. Brown is noted as a pioneer of new jack swing, a fusion of R&B.", "The first single from the album Storm Front , \"We Didn't Start the Fire,\" was released in September 1989. The song became Joel's third and most recent US #1 hit, spending two weeks at the top; it was also Billboard's next-to-last #1 single of the 1980s.", "Carlisle's first solo album Belinda was released in 1986, also on I.R.S. Records. This album was successful in North America and was certified Gold in the US and Platinum in Canada. Her summer hit \"Mad About You\" peaked at No. 3 in the US, topped the Canadian Singles Chart, and charted in the top 10 in Australia. \"Mad About You\" was followed by the Motown-influenced single \"I Feel the Magic\", and by a cover version of the Freda Payne song \"Band of Gold\". All three songs were included on her debut album. The single \"Since You've Gone\", co-written by Lindsey Buckingham of Fleetwood Mac, was used only for promotion. Susanna Hoffs co-wrote the single \"I Need a Disguise\". Duran Duran's Andy Taylor played guitar on some album tracks and appeared in her \"Mad About You\" video clip.", "Peter Robinson (born Kingston, Jamaica, 3 November 1962), better known as Marilyn, is a British pop singer and songwriter. He is most well known for his 1983 hit \"Calling Your Name\" and his highly androgynous appearance.", "Image caption Barbara (right) had a big hit with Elaine Paige when they released I know him so well, in 1985", "1963 ● Susanne Sulley → Vocals for synth-pop pioneers The Human League, “Don’t You Want Me” (#1, 1981)", "Til Tuesday: The Bostonian band had a big hit with their debut single \"Voices Carry\" in 1985, reaching #8. The next year, \"What About Love\" wasn't quite as big, but it was enough to reach #26. When their third album failed to produce any hits, their lead singer chose to focus on her solo career. Today, \"What About Love\" is all but forgotten while \"Voices Carry\" is a textbook example of an '80s one-hit wonder.", "In June 1986, the trio reconvened to play three concerts for the Amnesty International A Conspiracy of Hope Tour. In July of that year, they reunited in the studio to record a new album. However, Copeland broke his collarbone in a fall from a horse and was unable to play the drums. As a result of the tense and short-lived reunion in the studio, \"Don't Stand So Close to Me '86\" was released in October 1986 as their final single and made it into the UK Top 25; it also appeared on the 1986 compilation Every Breath You Take: The Singles, which reached No. 1 in the UK album charts. \"De Do Do Do De Da Da Da\" was subsequently included on the DTS-CD release of the Every Breath You Take: The Classics album in 1995.", "The 1983 album Salute produced no hit singles; the 1986 East of Midnight album had several Adult Contemporary songs like \"A Passing Ship\",\"Morning Glory\", and \"I'll Tag Along\" (East of Midnight). A single from East of Midnight, \"Anything for Love\", made the Billboard Country & Western chart. ", "Billy´s last single for Polydor was released in May 1983 and it charted the next month, placing at No. 59. The song was titled \"Forget Him\" - something that we´ll never do!!!", "21 Which former lead singer of the Equals had a solo number one hit in 1982 with the song I Don’t Wanna Dance?", "\"Something About You\" is a single released by British band Level 42 in 1985, in advance of its inclusion on the album World Machine the same year. The song was written by Mark King, Mike Lindup, Phil Gould, Boon Gould, and Wally Badarou." ]

[ 6.203125, 5.48046875, 5.1015625, 4.15625, 4.01171875, 3.5546875, 1.689453125, 0.0247650146484375, -1.2744140625, -3.212890625, -3.41796875, -3.515625, -3.8515625, -4.3671875, -4.38671875, -4.42578125, -4.43359375, -4.44921875, -4.77734375, -4.8515625, -5.26171875, -5.3359375, -5.7265625, -6.3828125, -6.73828125, -7.47265625, -7.7265625, -8.0078125, -8.2109375, -8.5234375, -8.8046875, -9.046875 ]

[ "Nothing since the invasion of the Beatles in 1964 shook the record industry more than the landmark day in January, 1988, when the Japanese electronics giant Sony Inc. bought CBS Records for $2 billion.", "In 1988, the CBS Records Group, including the CBS and Columbia labels was sold by CBS Inc. to the Sony Corporation of Japan.", "Sony bought out Bertelsmann's share in the company and formed a new Sony Music Entertainment in 2008. Since then, the company has undergone management changes. In January 1988, Sony acquired CBS Records and the 50% of CBS/Sony Group. In March 1988, four wholly owned subsidiaries were folded into CBS/Sony Group and the company was renamed as Sony Music Entertainment Japan", "In 1988, Mottola was hired by Sony Music (then known as CBS Records) by Walter Yetnikoff (who had been at the company from 1975 to 1990) to run its U.S. operations (it had recently been acquired by the Japan-based Sony corporation). In 1990, he replaced Yetnikoff as Chairman CEO of the newly named Sony Music. During his tenure, he transformed Sony into one of the most successful global music companies, expanding its businesses into over 60 countries, while creating one of the strongest management teams in the industry. He revitalized Sony Music's publishing division by making such acquisitions as the Beatles catalogue and enabled Sony to become the first major music company to make available commercial digital downloads. Additionally, Mottola was the architect for some of Sony's biggest global brands such as Celine Dion and Mariah Carey. During his 15-year tenure, Mottola built Sony up from a company with revenues of $800 million a year to one with over $6 billion of annual revenue by the year 2000.", "Sony Music Entertainment (SME commonly known as Sony Music) is an American music corporation managed and operated by Sony Entertainment Inc., a subsidiary of the Japanese conglomerate company Sony. The company was first founded in 1929 as American Record Corporation (ARC) and renamed Columbia Recording Corporation in 1938, following its acquisition by Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS). In 1966, the company was reorganized to become CBS Records. Sony Corporation bought the company in 1987, and in 1991 renamed it Sony Music Entertainment. In 2004, SME and Bertelsmann Music Group merged to become Sony BMG Music Entertainment, although later, in 2008, Sony acquired BMG's stake and the conglomerate reverted to the SME name. The buyout led to the dissolution of BMG, which relaunched as BMG Rights Management.", "A week later Schein, Columbia Group President Goddard Lieberson, and CBS International Vice President Walter R. Yetnikoff visited the Sony Corporation headquarters to discuss the joint venture in detail. They met with Morita, Senior Managing Director Kazuo Iwama, Senior Managing Director Taketoshi Kodama, Managing Director Noboru Yoshii, and Director Norio Ohga among others. Ten days after the meeting, Sony submitted a draft contract to CBS and Schein was again surprised at how quickly Sony had made a move. Difficult negotiations followed, but both teams worked hard to reach an agreement quickly. Before the end of the year, they had signed a contract committing them to the establishment of a joint venture company, and submitted an application to MITI. News of the proposed contract, and the fact that Sony had already applied for MITI approval, sent shock waves throughout Japan's recording industry. Inside Sony, a new department was formed under the direction of Ohga to establish the new record company.", "By the end of its tenth anniversary, CBS/Sony had created five separate companies: CBS/Sony Family Club Inc., April Music Inc., CBS/Sony Records Inc. (the manufacturing operation), Japan Records Distribution Inc., and CBS/Sony California Inc. To avoid the stagnancy and inflexibility that often infects large companies, CBS/Sony continued to spin-off operations. This also helped the company maintain a streamlined organizational structure throughout its operations. In August 1978 EPIC/Sony Inc. was established followed by CBS/Sony Publishing Inc. in February of the following year. Furthermore, in May 1979, Sony Creative Products Inc. was set up as a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Corporation. Ozawa succeeded Ohga as president of CBS/Sony in 1980, and he continued to develop and grow the group of CBS/Sony companies in the years that followed.", "In 1982, the studio was purchased by Coca-Cola ; that same year it launched TriStar Pictures as a joint venture with HBO and CBS . Five years later, Coca-Cola spun off Columbia, which was sold to Tri-Star as the latter became Columbia Pictures Entertainment. After a brief period of independence with Coca-Cola maintaining a financial interest, the combined studio was acquired by Japanese company Sony in 1989. [3]", "To make CBS/Sony Records a success, Ohga was convinced that he needed enthusiastic people with no previous experience in the recording industry. Owning only ten LPs and being totally inexperienced in the industry, Ozawa was the perfect choice for Ohga. Most Japanese record companies had been in business since before World War II. To succeed in the business, CBS/Sony Records needed to distinguish itself from its long established competitors. When the new company placed a recruiting advertisement in a newspaper asking for inexperienced and energetic people with fresh ideas, it received seven-thousand responses. CBS/Sony Records selected eighty music-loving candidates to join the company, including one who was seventy years old. As Ohga had hoped, the new staff disregarded the traditions and practices of the Japanese recording industry as they strove to develop CBS/Sony Records into a formidable competitor.", "Sony purchased from EMI its rights to the Columbia Records name outside the U.S., Canada, Spain and Japan. Sony now uses Columbia Records as a label name in all countries except Japan, where Sony Records remains their flagship label. Sony acquired the Spanish rights when Sony Music merged with Bertelsmann subsidiary BMG in 2004 as Sony BMG, co-owned by Sony and Bertelsmann; Sony bought out BMG's share in 2008. CBS Corporation formed a new record label named CBS Records in 2006.", "Ohga emphasized to other employees that CBS/Sony was a totally independent company, neither a part of CBS nor of Sony. He also said that while they should not do anything to damage the brand image of CBS or Sony, they had the authority and freedom to build the new company as they wished. These first employees actually transferred their employment status from Sony to the new company. Although the US side owned 50% of the company, no director was transferred from CBS and the management of CBS/Sony was entrusted entirely to the Japanese side.", "Ozawa, who had personally witnessed the restructuring of Japan's coal mining industry, was determined to avoid a similar situation in which many employees had lost their jobs. Based on the principle of expanding its range of business in order to expand its work force, CBS/Sony Records strove to develop new recording industry-related business. This approach resulted in operations such as the CBS/Sony Family Club mail-order business being established.", "At first, inexperience resulted in many mistakes. But once thorough market research had been conducted, the company was able to gradually introduce a number of successful new artists. Breaking from the traditional core business of other companies, CBS/Sony Records focused on pop idols and created a new music genre in Japan that would become a runaway success.", "� CBS first diversified in 1938 with the acquisition of the American Recording Corporation, which later became Columbia Records. Later interests included the newspaper and magazine businesses, the film business, and music publishing. In the late 1980s CBS consolidated into the core television and radio businesses, selling the music-publishing division in 1986, the magazine division in 1987, and the records division in 1988. By the early 1990s, profits had been reduced as a result of competition from cable companies, video rentals, and the high cost of programming.", "In 1988, the CBS/Sony Group celebrated its 20 year anniversary. At that time, Ozawa proudly said, \"The history of our Group has been similar to a painter painting on a blank canvas. And we have been painting our own portrait on a blank canvas successfully for the past twenty years.\" In the first year of operation, company sales had amounted to 700 million yen. In the twentieth year, Group sales exceeded 110 billion yen.", "By 1987, CBS was the only \"big three\" American TV network to have a co-owned record company. ABC had sold its record division to MCA Records in 1979, and in 1986, NBC's parent company RCA was sold to General Electric, who then sold off all other RCA units, including the record division (which was bought by Ariola Records, later known as BMG). ", "Sony Corporation, commonly referred to as Sony, is a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Kōnan Minato, Tokyo, Japan.", "In 1989, CBS Records re-entered the music publishing business by acquiring Nashville music publisher Tree International Publishing for more than $30 million.", "The Columbia Pictures empire was sold on September 28, 1989 to electronics giant Sony for the amount of $3.4 billion, one of several Japanese firms then buying American properties . The sale netted Coca-Cola a handsome profit from its investment in the studio. [27] Sony then hired two producers, Peter Guber and Jon Peters , to serve as co-heads of production when Sony additionally acquired the Guber-Peters Entertainment Company (the former game show production company, Barris Industries , Inc.) for $200 million on September 29, 1989. [28] Guber and Peters had just signed a long-term contract with Warner Bros. in 1989, having been with the company after 1983. To extricate them from this contract, Steve Ross, Warner Bros.'s boss sued Sony for $1 billion. [29] Sony completed CPE's acquisition on November 8 and the Guber-Peters acquisition was completed on the following day.", "The Columbia Pictures empire was sold on September 28, 1989 to electronics giant Sony for the amount of $3.4 billion, one of several Japanese firms then buying American properties . The sale netted Coca-Cola a handsome profit from its investment in the studio. [38] Sony then hired two producers, Peter Guber and Jon Peters , to serve as co-heads of production when Sony also acquired the Guber-Peters Entertainment Company (the former game show production company, Barris Industries , Inc.) for $200 million on September 29, 1989. [39] Guber and Peters had just signed a long-term contract with Warner Bros. in 1989, having been with the company since 1983. To extricate them from this contract, Steve Ross, Warner Bros.'s boss sued Sony for $1 billion. [40] Sony completed CPE's acquisition on November 8 and the Guber-Peters acquisition was completed on the following day.", "In summer 1967, Harvey Schein (then president of CBS International and later president of Sony Corporation of America) visited Japan to talk to various record companies. However, while all of them listened earnestly to Schein's plans, none of them would give him a straight answer with regard to setting up a joint venture. Schein presumed that not answering with a clear \"yes\" or \"no\" was normal business practice in Japan.", "The Columbia Pictures empire was sold on September 28, 1989 to electronics giant Sony for the amount of $3.4 billion, one of several Japanese firms then buying American properties . The sale netted Coca-Cola a handsome profit from its investment in the studio. Sony then hired two producers, Peter Guber and Jon Peters , to serve as co-heads of production when Sony also acquired the Guber-Peters Entertainment Company (the former game show production company, Barris Industries , Inc.) for $200 million on September 29, 1989. Guber and Peters had just signed a long-term contract with Warner Bros. in 1989, having been with the company since 1983. To extricate them from this contract, Steve Ross, Warner Bros.'s boss sued Sony for $1 billion. Sony completed CPE's acquisition on November 8 and the Guber-Peters acquisition was completed on the following day.", "The Columbia Pictures empire was sold on September 28, 1989 to electronics giant Sony for the amount of $3.4 billion, one of several Japanese firms then buying American properties. The sale netted Coca-Cola a handsome profit from its investment in the studio. Sony then hired two producers, Peter Guber and Jon Peters, to serve as co-heads of production when Sony also acquired the Guber-Peters Entertainment Company (the former game show production company, Barris Industries, Inc.) for $200 million on September 29, 1989. Guber and Peters had just signed a long-term contract with Warner Bros. in 1989, having been with the company since 1983. To extricate them from this contract, Steve Ross, Warner Bros.'s boss sued Sony for $1 billion. Sony completed CPE's acquisition on November 8 and the Guber-Peters acquisition was completed on the following day.", "The is a Japan-based corporate group primarily focused on the Electronics (such as AV/IT products and components), Game (such as the PlayStation), Entertainment (such as motion pictures and music) and Financial Services (such as insurance and banking) sectors. The group consists of Sony Corporation (holding and electronics), Sony Interactive Entertainment (games), Sony Pictures Entertainment (motion pictures), Sony Music Entertainment (music), Sony/ATV Music Publishing (music publishing), Sony Financial Holdings (financial services) and others.", "1984 was also the year when the Japanese company bought the rights to use Apple�s hard-disk technology, a move that effectively allowed Sony to capture nearly one-fifth of the Japanese market for workstations, and PCs used in offices. The company also started manufacturing and marketing electronic components for other companies that year, something it had never done before.", "As William Paley aged, he tried to find the one person who could follow in his footsteps. However, numerous successors-in-waiting came and went. By the mid-1980s, investor Laurence Tisch had begun to acquire substantial holdings in CBS. Eventually he gained Paley's confidence, and with his support, took control of CBS in 1986. Tisch's primary interest was turning profits. When CBS faltered, underperforming units were given the axe. Among the first properties to be jettisoned was the Columbia Records group, which had been part of the company since 1938. In 1986, Tisch also shut down the CBS Technology Center in Stamford, which had started in New York City in the 1930s as CBS Laboratories and evolved to be the company's technology research and development unit.", "CBS entered into the home video market, when it partnered with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer to form MGM/CBS Home Video in 1978; the joint venture was dissolved by 1982. CBS later partnered with another studio, 20th Century Fox, to form CBS/Fox Video. CBS's duty was to release some of the film title released by TriStar Pictures under the CBS/Fox Video label.", "Gerald Levin forced Morgado to resign in May 1995 and he was replaced by HBO chairman Michael J. Fuchs. Fuchs sacked Morris a month later (sparking a US$50m breach of contract suit) and Warner Music US was dissolved. Morris' removal led to speculation that Ostin was being courted to return to WBR, but these reports proved unfounded, since Ostin and Waronker moved to DreamWorks soon after. Morris moved to MCA Records.", "In the mid-1950's, the basic problem for Japan was a shortage of money but as the country's financial situation improved so did Decca's chances of establishing chains. . In 1964, with Japan just beginning its up-turn of Navigator, Decca signed agreements with the Government of Japan and with a number of commercial organizations. These included Kobe Kogyo (now Fujitsu) as the manufacturing licensees. All of the relationships were most cordial and long lasting. Over the years the Japanese Government built six chains so that the whole of Japan was covered.", "After Davis left, three executives attempted to run CBS by committee. They shuffled Heller from one office to another and ignored his plea to support the band financially or to let them out of their contract. The band's foreign sales success was one of the main reasons for CBS' reluctance to grant them a release. Eventually, Heller, with the right legal support, got the band out of the deal by commencing a successful bankruptcy proceeding. The group was now free to deal with another label.", "Some changes had to be made, and in 1967, they were. Warner Brothers Records was sold to Seven Arts, Ltd. for $85 million. The new label, called Warner-Seven Arts, then purchased Atlantic Records . In the late '60s, Warner-Seven Arts, under the direction of Mo Austin and Joe Smith, became a much stronger label with Van Morrison, Harper's Bizarre, James Darren, the Tokens, Charles Wright and the Watts 103rd Street Rhythm Band, J.J. Jackson, the Neon Philharmonic, Mason Williams, and the Association all producing hits, in addition to roster holdovers Petula Clark, the Everly Brothers, and Peter, Paul & Mary.", "In 1982, PolyGram purchased 20th Century Fox Records from 20th Century Fox, which had just recently been bought out by oil magnate Marvin Davis, who was not interested in keeping the record company. The assets of the former 20th Century Fox Records were consolidated with the company's Casablanca label. " ]

[ 7.953125, 7.79296875, 6.75, 5.296875, 3.611328125, 2.421875, 1.8798828125, 1.0537109375, 1.044921875, 0.54248046875, 0.5078125, 0.473876953125, 0.355712890625, 0.0080718994140625, -0.4482421875, -1.837890625, -2.166015625, -2.24609375, -2.46875, -2.703125, -3.259765625, -3.47265625, -3.505859375, -3.6640625, -4.25390625, -4.2734375, -6.01171875, -7.6484375, -7.65234375, -7.6796875, -8.171875, -8.4140625 ]

[ "Mark Andrew Spitz (born February 10, 1950) is an American former competition swimmer, nine-time Olympic champion, and former world record-holder in seven events. He won seven gold medals at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, an achievement surpassed only by Michael Phelps, who won eight golds at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. Spitz set new world records in all seven events in which he competed in 1972, an achievement that still stands. Since the year 1900, no other swimmer has gained so great a percentage of all the m ... (展开) edals awarded for Olympic events held in a single Games. Between 1968 and 1972, Spitz won nine Olympic golds plus a silver and a bronze, five Pan American golds, 31 Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) titles, and eight National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) titles. During those years, he set 35 world records, but two were in trials and unofficial. With his seven-gold medal performance at Munich in 1972, he was the most decorated athlete in the history of the Olympic Games until Michael Phelps' eight gold medal performance at Beijing 36 years later in 2008. He was named World Swimmer of the Year in 1969, 1971 and 1972 by Swimming World Magazine. He was the third athlete to win nine Olympic gold medals.", "Mark Andrew Spitz (born February 10, 1950) is an American former competition swimmer, nine-time Olympic champion, and former world record-holder in seven events. He won seven gold medals at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, an achievement surpassed only by Michael Phelps, who won eight golds at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. Spitz set new world records in all seven events in which he competed in 1972, an achievement that still stands. Since the year 1900, no other swimmer has gained so great a percentage of all the medals awarded for Olympic events held in a single Games.", "Mark Andrew Spitz (nicknamed Mark The Shark) is a retired American swimmer. He won seven gold medals at the 1972 Munich Olympic Games, an achievement surpassed only by Michael Phelps who won eight golds at the 2008 Olympics. Between 1968 and 1972, Spitz won nine Olympic golds plus a silver and a bronze, five Pan American golds, 31 US Amateur Athletic Union titles and eight US National Collegiate Athletic Association titles. During those years, he set 33 world records. He was named World Swimmer of the Year in 1969, 1971 and 1972.", "American swimmer Mark Spitz set a world record at the 1972 Olympic Games, when he won seven gold medals across individual and team events.", "American swimmer Mark Spitz set a then-record -- since famously broken by Michael Phelps -- at the 1972 Munich Olympics when he won seven gold medals in a single Games, also setting world records in each of the seven events. He then retired after the Munich Games, despite being just 22 years old.", "Mark Spitz is an American former swimmer and Olympic champion. He won 9 gold, 1 silver and 1 bronze medal during the 1968 Mexico City Olympics and the 1972 Munich Olympics. His win of 7 golds in the 1972 Munich Olympics remained a world record for over 35 years, until Michael Phelps broke it by winning 8 gold medals in the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Spitz’s only world record that remains unbroken is his setting of 7 different world records in 7 different events; the same events in which he won those 7 gold medals. Swimming World Magazine named Mark Spitz the “World Swimmer of the Year” in 1969, 1971 and 1972.", "American Mark Spitz records an outstanding feat by winning seven gold medals, in 4 individual races and 3 relay races, during the Games in Munich.", "Before the 1968 games in Mexico City, Mark Spitz predicted he would accomplish what no one else had— to win six gold medals. He ended up with two team golds, plus an individual silver and bronze. It’s tough for someone to be disappointed with four Olympic medals, but Mark Spitz was.", "Spitz is one of five Olympians to win nine or more career gold medals: Larisa Latynina, Paavo Nurmi and Carl Lewis also have nine; only swimmer Michael Phelps has won more with 18. Spitz's record of seven gold medals in a single Olympics was not surpassed until Michael Phelps at the 2008 Beijing Olympics.", "American swimmer Mark Spitz (born 1950) is considered to have been the fastest swimmer in history. For six years, beginning in 1966, he dominated the sport, winning a world record seven gold medals in the 1972 Olympics held in Munich, West Germany. This was the most gold medals won by anyone in a single Olympiad, and each of his medal-winning performances broke a world swimming record. Spitz was also named World Swimmer of the Year in 1969, 1971, and 1972.", "Mark Spitz held the record for most gold medals won at a single Olympic Games for 36 years. It was finally broken by American phenomenon Michael Phelps who won eight gold medals at the 2008 Beijing Games.", "In the early 1990s, Spitz attempted to make a comeback by competing for a spot on the U.S. Olympic swimming team, but he failed to qualify. His seven golds in a single Olympics remained a record until 2008, when American swimmer Michael Phelps surpassed him by winning eight events.", "Mark Spitz was the most successful athlete at the 1972 Summer Olympics. He was named World Swimmer of the Year in 1969, 1971, and 1972 by Swimming World magazine. He was the third athlete to win nine Olympic gold medals. Since the year 1900, no other swimmer has ever gained as great a percentage of all the medals awarded for Olympic events, a record that stood unbeaten for 36 years until countryman Michael Phelps grabbed eight in Beijing.", "For our Olympic hero, we picked Mark Spitz. Mark Spitz was possibly one of the best swimmers there every was. Even as a child , he won many medals, however the crown point of his career was when he won seven gold medals in the 1972 Olympics.", "Spitz's seven gold medals remained the record – the literal gold standard – until Michael Phelps did him one better in 2008. Phelps' pursuit of what Spitz accomplished became the central storyline in Beijing, riveting the nation.", "Another star to immerge from the water was Mark Spitz.  Perhaps the greatest testament to his ability is that every new great swimmer is touted as the new Mark Spitz.  His record of 7 gold medals at one Olympic games stood until Michael Phelps won 8 in Beijing.", "ñMark Spitz, a swimmer from the United States, set a world record when he won seven gold medals (while on the way to setting a new world record for each of his seven gold medals) in a single Olympics, bringing his lifetime total to nine (he had won two golds in Mexico City’s Games four years earlier). Being Jewish, Spitz was forced to leave Munich before the closing ceremonies for his own protection, after fears arose that he would be an additional target of those responsible for the Munich massacre. Spitz’s record stood until 2008, when it was beaten by Michael Phelps who won 8 gold medals in the pool.", "50 stunning Olympic moments No37: Mark Spitz wins seven swimming golds | Sport | The Guardian", "In 1972, another famous swimmer, Mark Spitz, was at the height of his career. During the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Germany, he won seven gold medals, more than any other Olympic athlete has ever won. Shortly thereafter in 1973, the first swimming world cup was held in Belgrade, Yugoslavia by the FINA.", "1972 Munich S.O. Mark Spitz becomes the 1st swimmer & athlete to win 7 gold medals in 1 Olympiad;", "The most outstanding athlete of these Games was Mark Spitz from USA, who won seven gold medals, all in world record time.", "1972: In one day at the Munich Olympics, Mark Spitz won five gold medals for swimming, among them the 100-metre freestyle, the 200-metre freestyle, the 100-metre butterfly and the 200-metre butterfly. By the end of the Games, he had won two more gold medals, making seven in all.", "American Mark Spitz had brashly predicted that he would win six gold medals at the 1968 Mexico City Games. Although he did take home two gold medals from the relays, he performed well below expectations in his individual races. He was third in the 100m freestyle, second in the 100m butterfly and last in the final of the 200m butterfly.", "Spitz first began his Olympic run in 1968 with 10 world records on his resume.  He predicted that he would leave Mexico City with six gold medals, however he could only muster the two team relay golds.  He placed second in the 100-meter butterfly and took home the bronze in the 100-meter freestyle.  In the butterfly competition, Spitz lost by half a second to Doug Russell, a fellow American whom Spitz beat the previous 10 occasions earlier that year.  Russell earned his second gold medal and took Spitz's position in the 4x100-meter medley relay squad.", "^ Moore, K. Spitz's mark of seven world records in one Olympic meet was equaled by Michael Phelps in 2008 (This was because Phelps's 100-meter butterfly win fell short of the world mark). \"Bionic Man.\" Sports Illustrated. October 23, 1989. Retrieved August 13, 2008.", "Carl Lewis also won nine gold medals, tying him with Spitz on the list of the 10 Olympic athletes with the most gold medals. Lewis was an American track and field athlete competing in four Olympic Games between 1982-1996. Lewis competed in the sprint and long jump events. He was undefeated in 65 consecutive long jump competitions.", "Spitz was expected to dominate at Munich, but the 22-year-old star had learned his lesson in Mexico City and made no predictions. His actions spoke loudly enough. On August 28, his spectacular victory march began with an easy victory in the 200-meter butterfly. The butterfly was his signature stroke, and he set a new world record of 2 min. 0.70 sec. That same night, he won his second gold as a member of the U.S. 400-meter freestyle relay. He swam the anchor leg, and his team finished in a world record 3 min. 36.42 sec. The next day, he won his third gold medal, with a world record time of 1 min. 52.78 sec. in the 200-meter freestyle.", "The year 1967 saw Spitz's rise to international prominence. That year he won no less than five gold metals at the Pan-American Games, held in Winnipeg, Canada. These were for the 100-meter butterfly, the 200-meter butterfly, the 400-meter freestyle relay, the 800-meter freestyle relay, and the 400-meter medley relay.", "During the infamous 1972 Games, Spitz recorded gold-medal winning performances in the following events: 100 and 200-meter butterfly, 100 and 200-meter freestyle, 4x100 and 4x200-meter freestyle relays, and the 4x100-meter medley relay.", "Mark Spitz competing at the 1972 Olympics in Munich, West Germany, where he won an extraordinary …", "“Mark Spitz is one of the most significant figures in the history of the Olympic Games and is a remarkable human being. His story is long overdue.”", "^ \"Mark Spitz expresses health issues he faced while achieving Olympic dreams\". Medicalnewstoday.com. Retrieved January 30, 2011." ]

[ 4.99609375, 4.96875, 4.5859375, 3.5546875, 3.494140625, 3.44921875, 3.154296875, 3.11328125, 2.73046875, 2.6953125, 2.681640625, 2.38671875, 2.373046875, 2.076171875, 1.9755859375, 1.8212890625, 1.4755859375, 1.4609375, 1.2685546875, 1.1865234375, 1.1865234375, 1.1650390625, -0.525390625, -0.54052734375, -0.9501953125, -1.1357421875, -2.0703125, -2.568359375, -3.4375, -3.6171875, -4.38671875, -5.19921875 ]

[ "Honky Tonk Angels is a 1993 album historically teaming country legends Dolly Parton, Loretta Lynn, and Tammy Wynette.", "Honky Tonk Angels was produced by Parton and Steve Buckingham. The album had been a long-rumored project between the country singers for over a decade and received much publicity and acclaim upon its release, although its only single release, a remake of the longtime country female vocalist staple \"Silver Threads and Golden Needles\", barely dented the charts. Record sales, however, placed the album at #6 on Billboard's country album chart, where it spent 24 weeks, and #42 on Billboard 200, the pop album chart becoming Wynette's second-highest ranking album on the pop chart and Lynn's highest on the pop chart until her 2005 album Van Lear Rose. It was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America.", "In 1993, Dolly collaborated with fellow country music legends Loretta Lynn and Tammy Wynette to release the album “Honky Tonk Angels.” The album appeared on the Columbia Nashville Label. Dolly co-produced the recording with Steve Buckingham.", "Similar to her earlier collabrative album with Harris and Ronstadt, Parton released Honky Tonk Angels in the fall of 1993 with Loretta Lynn and Tammy Wynette. It was certified as Gold Album by the Recording Industry Association of America and helped revive both Wynette's and Lynn's careers.", "Similar to her earlier collabrative album with Harris and Ronstadt, Parton released  Honky Tonk Angels  in the fall of 1993 with  Loretta Lynn  and  Tammy Wynette . [23 ] It was certified as  Gold Album  by the  Recording Industry Association of America  and helped revive both Wynette's and Lynn's careers.", "Tammy Wynette (born Virginia Wynette Pugh; May 5, 1942 – April 6, 1998) was an American country music singer-songwriter and one of country music's best-known artists and biggest-selling female singers.", "A duet with Ricky Van Shelton, \"Rockin' Years\" (1991), reached No. 1, though Parton's greatest commercial fortune of the decade came when Whitney Houston recorded \"I Will Always Love You\" for the soundtrack of the feature film The Bodyguard (1992); both the single and the album were massively successful. Parton's soundtrack album from the 1992 film, Straight Talk, however, was less successful. But her 1993 album Slow Dancing with the Moon won critical acclaim, and did well on the charts, reaching No. 4 on the country albums chart, and No. 16 on the Billboard 200 album chart. She recorded \"The Day I Fall in Love\" as a duet with James Ingram for the feature film Beethoven's 2nd (1993). The songwriters (Sager, Ingram, and Clif Mangess) were nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song, and Parton and Ingram performed the song at the awards telecast. Similar to her earlier collaborative album with Harris and Ronstadt, Parton released \"Honky Tonk Angels\" in the fall of 1993 with Loretta Lynn and Tammy Wynette. It was certified as a gold album by the Recording Industry Association of America and helped revive both Wynette's and Lynn's careers. Also in 1994, Parton contributed the song \"You Gotta Be My Baby\" to the AIDS benefit album Red Hot + Country produced by the Red Hot Organization. A live acoustic album, Heartsongs, featuring stripped down versions of some of her hits, as well as some traditional songs, was released in late 1994. ", "Ellen Muriel Deason (August 30, 1919 – July 16, 2012), known professionally as Kitty Wells , was an country music singer. Her 1952 hit recording, \"It Wasn't God Who Made Honky Tonk Angels\", made her the first female country singer to top the U.S. country charts, and turned her into the first female country star. Her Top 10 hits continued until the mid-1960s, inspiring a long list of female country singers who came to prominence in the 1960s. Wells ranks as the sixth most successful...", "Dolly Rebecca Parton (born January 19, 1946) is an American singer-songwriter, actress, author, businesswoman, and humanitarian, known primarily for her work in country music.", "Honky Tonk Angels - Dolly Parton, Loretta Lynn, Tammy Wynette - Listen to Free Music by Dolly Parton, Loretta Lynn, Tammy Wynette on Pandora Internet Radio", "Dolly Rebecca Parton (born January 19, 1946 [3] ) is an American singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, [4] record producer, actress , author , businesswoman , and philanthropist , known primarily for her work in country music . After achieving success as a songwriter for others, Dolly Parton made her album debut in 1967, with her album Hello, I'm Dolly . With steady success during the remainder of the 1960s (both as a solo artist, and with a series of duet albums with Porter Wagoner), her sales and chart peak came during the 1970s and continuing into the 1980s; Parton's subsequent albums in the later part of the 1990s were lower in sales. However, in the new millennium, Parton achieved commercial success again and has released albums on independent labels since 2000, including albums on her own label, Dolly Records.", "George Glenn Jones (born September 12, 1931) is an American country music singer known for his long list of hit records, his distinctive voice and phrasing, and his marriage to Tammy Wynette.", "Dolly Rebecca Parton was born on 19 January, 1946, in Locust Ridge, Tennessee, to Robert Lee Parton and Avie Lee Parton (née Owens). From these humble roots, she has become an actress, one of the greatest Country and Western singer/songwriters of all time (if not the greatest), and an international superstar. She was one of 12 children and she has five sisters and six brothers, some of whom have also made their living in the entertainment industry. Her impoverished, yet cherished, childhood and her Christian faith have provided much inspiration for her song-writing, producing 'Coat of Many Colours' and 'God's Colouring Book' respectively.", "Born in Texas, the fourth of eight children, singer Kenny Rogers grew up in a poor area of Houston where his father worked in a shipyard and his mother in a hospital. His duet, Islands in the Stream, with fellow country singer Dolly Parton was ranked the #1 on CMT 100 greatest country duets of all time. Dolly Rebecca Parton was born on January 19, 1946, one of 12 children of Robert Lee Parton, a tobacco farmer, and Avie Lee Parton (n�e Owens). Dolly grew up on a run-down farm in Locust Ridge, TN. At 12 she was appearing on Knoxville TV, and at 13 she was already recording on a small label and appearing at the Grand Ole Opry. After graduating from high school in Sevier County, Tennessee, in 1964, she moved to Nashville to launch her career as a country singer.", "Following 1976, Wynette's popularity slightly slowed, however, she continued to reach the Top 10 until the end of the decade, with such hits as \"Let's Get Together (One Last Time), \"One of a Kind\" (both 1977), \"Womanhood\" (1978) \"No One Else in this World\" and \"They Call It Makin' Love\" (both 1979). She had a total of 21 number one hits on the U.S. country singles charts (17 solo, three with Jones, and one with Houston). Along with Loretta Lynn, Dolly Parton, Barbara Mandrell, Dottie West, and Lynn Anderson, she helped redefine the role and place of female country singers. ", "Waylon Arnold Jennings (born June 15, 1937 in Littlefield, Texas, died February 13, 2002 in Chandler, Arizona), was an American country music singer , musician, and actor. A self-taught guitar player, he rose to prominence as a bass player for Buddy Holly following the break-up of The Crickets . He escaped death in the February 3, 1959 plane crash that took the lives of Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens , and The Big Bopper when he gave up his seat to the latter. By the 1970s, he had become associated with so-called \"outlaws,\" an informal group of musicians who worked outside of the Nashville corporate scene. A series of duet albums with Willie Nelson in the late 1970s culminated in the 1978 crossover hit, \" Mamas Don't Let Your Babies Grow Up to Be Cowboys \". In 1979, he recorded the theme song for the hit television show The Dukes of Hazzard, and also served as the narrator (\"The Balladeer\") for all seven seasons of the show.", "Waylon Arnold Jennings (June 15, 1937 – February 13, 2002) was an influential American country music singer and musician. A self-taught guitar player, he rose to prominence as a bass player for Buddy Holly following the break-up of The Crickets. He escaped death in the February 3, 1959 plane crash that took the lives of Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens, and J. P. \"The Big Bopper\" Richardson when he gave up his seat to the latter. By the 1970s, he had become associated with so-called \"outlaws,\" an informal group of musicians who worked outside of the Nashville corporate scene. A series of duet albums with Willie Nelson in the late 1970s culminated in the 1978 crossover hit, \"Mamas Don't Let Your Babies Grow Up to Be Cowboys\". In 1979, he recorded the theme song for the hit television show The Dukes of Hazzard, and also served as the narrator (\"The Balladeer\") for all seven seasons of the show.He continued to be active in the recording industry, forming the group The Highwaymen with Nelson, Johnny Cash, and Kris Kristofferson. Jennings released his last solo studio album in 1998. In 2001, he was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame. \" Artist Discography \"", "Lynyrd Skynyrd - is an American Southern rock band. The band became prominent in the Southern United States in 1973, and rose to worldwide recognition before several members, including lead vocalist and primary songwriter Ronnie Van Zant, died in a plane crash in 1977 five miles northeast of Gillsburg, Mississippi. A tribute band of the same name was formed in 1987 for a reunion tour with Johnny Van Zant, Ronnie's younger brother, at the helm, and continues to record music today. The band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on March 13, 2006. In 1972 the band was discovered by musician, songwriter, and producer Al Kooper of Blood, Sweat, and Tears, who had attended one of their shows at a club in Atlanta. They changed the spelling of their name to \"Lynyrd Skynyrd\", and Kooper signed them to MCA Records, producing their first album the following year. 1973's (pronounced 'lĕh-'nérd 'skin-'nérd) featured the hit song \"Free Bird\", which received national airplay, eventually reaching #19 on the Billboard Hot 100 charts, and is still considered a Rock and Roll anthem today.", "Wynette's 1987 album Higher Ground featured a neotraditional country sound and was both a critical and relative commercial success. The album featured contributions from Larry Gatlin, Vince Gill, Ricky Van Shelton, Rodney Crowell, Ricky Skaggs, Emmylou Harris and The O'Kanes. Two of the singles released from the album, \"Your Love\" and \"Talkin' to Myself Again\", reached the top 20 on the U.S. country singles charts; a third single, \"Beneath a Painted Sky\" (featuring duet vocals from Emmylou Harris) reached No. 25 in early 1988 (it would ultimately be Tammy Wynette's final top-40 country single).", "In 1972 the band was discovered by musician, songwriter, and producer Al Kooper of Blood, Sweat, and Tears, who had attended one of their shows at a club in Atlanta. They changed the spelling of their name to \"Lynyrd Skynyrd\", (pronounced 'l?h-'n?rd 'skin-'n?rd) and Kooper signed them to MCA Records, producing their first album \"Pronounced Leh-nerd Skin-nerd\". Released January 1st, 1973, the album featured the hit song \"Free Bird\", which received national airplay, eventually reaching #19 on the Billboard Hot 100 charts, and is still considered a rock and roll anthem today.", "For the next two years, she had numerous solo hits â including her signature song \"Coat of Many Colors\" (#4, 1971) â in addition to her duets. Top twenty singles included \"The Right Combination\" and \"Burning the Midnight Oil\" (both duets with Porter Wagoner, 1971); \"Lost Forever in Your Kiss\" (with Wagoner) and \"Touch Your Woman (1972); and \"My Tennessee Mountain Home\" and \"Travelin' Man\" (1973).<br /><br /> Although her solo singles and the Wagoner duets were successful, her biggest hit of this period was \"Jolene\". Released in late 1973, it topped the country chart in February 1974, and reached the lower regions of the Hot 100 (it eventually also charted in the UK, reaching No. 7 in 1976, representing Parton's first UK success). Read Less", "\"9 to 5\", the theme song to the 1980 feature film 9 to 5 she starred in along with Jane Fonda and Lily Tomlin, not only reached No. 1 on the country chart, but also, in February 1981, reached No. 1 on the pop and the adult-contemporary charts, giving her a triple No. 1 hit. Parton became one of the few female country singers to have a No. 1 single on the country and pop charts simultaneously. It also received a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Original Song. Her singles continued to appear consistently in the country Top 10: between 1981 and 1985, she had 12 Top 10 hits; half of them hit No. 1. She continued to make inroads on the pop chart as well. A re-recorded version of \"I Will Always Love You\" from the feature film, The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas (1982) scraped the Top 50 that year and her duet with Kenny Rogers, \"Islands in the Stream\" (written by the Bee Gees and produced by Barry Gibb), spent two weeks at No. 1 in 1983.", "\" 9 to 5 \", the theme song to the 1980 feature film 9 to 5 she starred in along with Jane Fonda and Lily Tomlin , not only reached No. 1 on the country chart, but also, in February 1981, reached No. 1 on the pop and the adult-contemporary charts, giving her a triple No. 1 hit. Parton became one of the few female country singers to have a No. 1 single on the country and pop charts simultaneously. It also received a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Original Song . Her singles continued to appear consistently in the country Top 10: between 1981 and 1985, she had 12 Top 10 hits; half of them hit No. 1. She continued to make inroads on the pop chart as well. A re-recorded version of \"I Will Always Love You\" from the feature film, The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas (1982) scraped the Top 50 that year and her duet with Kenny Rogers , \" Islands in the Stream \" (written by the Bee Gees and produced by Barry Gibb ), spent two weeks at No. 1 in 1983. [21]", "“9 to 5″, the theme song to the 1980 feature film 9 to 5 she starred in along with Jane Fonda and Lily Tomlin, not only reached No. 1 on the country chart, but also, in February 1981, reached No. 1 on the pop and the adult-contemporary charts, giving her a triple No. 1 hit. Parton became one of the few female country singers to have a No. 1 single on the country and pop charts simultaneously. It also received a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Original Song. Her singles continued to appear consistently in the country Top 10: between 1981 and 1985, she had 12 Top 10 hits; half of them hit No. 1. She continued to make inroads on the pop chart as well. A re-recorded version of “I Will Always Love You” from the feature film, The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas (1982) scraped the Top 50 that year and her duet with Kenny Rogers, “Islands in the Stream” (written by the Bee Gees and produced by Barry Gibb), spent two weeks at No. 1 in 1983.", "Lynyrd Skynyrd 9 were the undisputed kings of Southern Rock, producing five best-selling studio albums between 1973 and 1977, as well as the hit singles 'Free Bird' and 'Sweet Home Alabama'. Formed by Ronnie Van Zant in 1964 from friends and schoolmates in Jacksonville, Florida, the band was at its peak when on a tour of the southern states of the USA on 20 October, 1977.", "At the time, Parton was already a successful country music star, with a couple of number-one songs. She later re-recorded \"I Will Always Love You\" for the 1982 film, \"The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas\" with Burt Reynolds.", "Which two country artists got together for 'Islands In The Steam' in 1983? Kenny Rogers and Dolly Parton", "Written and recorded by Dolly Parton. It was released in 1974 as the first singl ...", "The Dixie Chicks are composed of Martie Erwin Maguire and Emily Erwin Robison (who are sisters), and lead singer Natalie Maines. Some early successes were the 1998 hits \"There's Your Trouble\" and \"Wide Open Spaces.\" In 2003 the band openly denounced the U.S. invasion of Iraq. While many American Country-Western music lovers boycotted their albums after that, they released Taking the Long Way in 2007, which won that year's Grammy for Album of the Year. The single \"Not Ready to Make Nice\" also won a Grammy that year.", "* In 1994, various country music artists united to record a Skynyrd tribute album titled Skynyrd Frynds.", "Atlanta, quite possibly the largest country band ever to exist, with a staggering nine members. They had Top 10 hits right out of the gate with \"Atlanta Burned Again Last Night\" and \"Sweet Country Music\", quite an impressive feat for an independently-signed country band at the time. Although they later got distribution rights from MCA Records, nothing else they put out afterwards made a dent.", "In 1994, various country music artists united to record a Skynyrd tribute album titled Skynyrd Frynds." ]

[ 5.171875, 4.25390625, 4.2421875, 3.087890625, 2.845703125, 2.248046875, 1.970703125, 1.6962890625, 1.5126953125, 0.56396484375, 0.419189453125, -1.3369140625, -1.7744140625, -2.23046875, -2.998046875, -3.736328125, -4.046875, -4.15234375, -4.6171875, -4.90234375, -5.0390625, -5.19921875, -5.23046875, -5.31640625, -5.4140625, -5.62109375, -6.33984375, -6.7265625, -7.734375, -8.0859375, -8.1171875, -8.671875 ]

[ "Marie Skłodowska Curie ( /ˈkjʊri, kjʊˈriː/ ; French:  [kyʁi] ; Polish:  [kʲiˈri] ; 7 November 1867 – 4 July 1934), born Maria Salomea Skłodowska  [ˈmarja salɔˈmɛa skwɔˈdɔfska] , was a  Polish and naturalized-French   physicist  and chemist  who conducted pioneering research on  radioactivity . She was the  first woman to win a Nobel Prize , the first person and only woman to  win twice , the only person to win twice in multiple sciences, and was part of the Curie family legacy of  five Nobel Prizes . She was also the first woman to become a professor at the  University of Paris , and in 1995 became the first woman to be entombed on her own merits in the  Panthéon  in Paris.", "An interesting fact is that Marie Curie and her immediate family have been awarded five Nobel Prizes. Curie herself won two awards, her husband Pierre shared the 1903 Physics Prize with her. Their daughter Irene Joliot-Curie won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1935 with her husband and the husband of their second daughter (Eve Curie) was the director of UNICEF when the organization won the Peace Prize in 1965. ", "Marie Curie won two Nobel Prizes for her work. Only three other scientists have achieved this in the last 100 years. She was an incredibly hard worker and was the first female professor at Paris' prestigious university, the Sorbonne.  She also helped develop mobile x-ray machines using her own discovery, radium, as the source of the then mysterious rays.", "Madame Marie Curie famously snagged two Nobel Prizes—for Physics in 1903 with husband Pierre and Henri Becquerel, and again in 1911 for Chemistry after discovering radium and polonium—but many other women have also been awarded the Physics, Chemistry, and Physiology or Medicine Nobels, too. Here are their stories.", "Marie Sklodowska Curie (Physics, 1903 and Chemistry, 1911) Marie Curie is considered the most famous of all women scientists. She was the only woman ever to win two Nobel Prizes. By the time she was 16, Marie had already won a gold medal at the Russian lycée in Poland upon the completion of her secondary education. In 1891, almost penniless, she began her education at the Sorbonne in Paris. In 1903 her discovery of radioactivity earned her the Nobel Prize in physics. In 1911 she won it for chemistry.", "10. The Curie family is a Nobel Prize machine, winning five: Pierre and Marie for Physics in 1901; Marie solo for Chemistry in 1911; daughter Irene and her husband Frédéric Joliot-Curie for Chemistry in 1935; and Henry Labouisse, who was married to Pierre and Marie's daughter Eve, accepted on behalf of UNICEF in 1965.", "* Marie Curie (1867–1934): Polish physicist and chemist. She was a pioneer in the field of radioactivity and she became the first Nobel laureate to win two Nobel Prize in two different sciences. She won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911. ", "Marie Curie received another Nobel Prize this time in Chemistry. She was the first person to win two Nobel Prizes.", "Marie Curie is the only other person beside Linus Pauling to be awarded two Nobel Prizes. She was one of the most influential scientists of the early 20th century. The research done by the research group led by her and her husband Pierre led to a much-improved understanding of radiation. The 1903 Prize in physics was awarded to Marie Curie, Pierre Curie and Antoine Henri Becquerel for their groundbreaking work in radiation. Curie was later awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1911 for the discovery of the radioactive elements polonium and radium.", "Marie Curie was the first woman to win a Nobel prize, the first person to win two Nobel Prizes, the only woman to win in two fields, and the only person to win in multiple sciences. Awards that she received include:", "The Nobel Prize has been given since 1901 for achievements in Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature, Economics and Peace, and American chemist Linus Pauling is the only person to have won two or more Nobel prizes that he did not share with others. Pauling was given the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1954 and the Nobel Peace Prize in 1962. Polish chemist and physicist Marie Curie is the only woman to have two or more Nobel Prizes: in Physics in 1903, which she shared with her husband, Pierre Curie, and in Chemistry in 1911. The International Committee of the Red Cross has been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize three times, in 1917, 1944 and 1963.", "The Nobel Prize and Prize in Economic Sciences have been awarded to women 49 times between 1901 and 2016. Only one woman, Marie Curie, has been honoured twice, with the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics and the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. This means that 48 women in total have been awarded the Nobel Prize between 1901 and 2016.", "Due to her work with radium, Marie Curie was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize in physics (1903) and the first scientist to win two Nobel Prizes (second in 1911), according to Biography .", "Curie received another great honor in 1911, winning her second Nobel Prize, this time in chemistry. She was selected for her discovery of radium and polonium, and became the first scientist to win two Nobel Prizes. While she received the prize alone, she shared the honor jointly with her late husband in her acceptance lecture.", "By 2010, four individuals had received two Nobel Prizes. Maria Sklodowska-Curie shared the Physics Prize in 1903 for co-discovering radioactivity and received the Chemistry Prize in 1911. An entire century later she is the only person, man or woman, to have received Nobel Prizes in two different sciences, although they were admittedly closely related in this case.", "Did you know? Marie Curie also won the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. She is the only person to have won both prizes.", "In 1903, Marie Curie became the first female Laureate when she was named a joint winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics for her research into radioactivity. She received her second prize in 1911 – this time in chemistry – for isolating and studying the new element radium.", "In 1903, Marie Curie obtained her doctorate for a thesis on radioactive substances, and with her husband and Henri Becquerel she won the Nobel Prize for physics for the joint discovery of radioactivity. The financial aspect of this prize finally relieved the Curies of material hardship. The following year Pierre was appointed professor at the Sorbonne, and Marie became his assistant. She was deeply affected when Pierre died after being struck by a truck on a Paris street. She overcame this blow only by putting all her energy into the scientific work that they had begun together. The Sorbonne provided the opportunity by offering her the post that Pierre had held of lecturer and head of the laboratory. She thus became the first female lecturer at the Sorbonne, and in 1908 she was appointed professor. For the isolation of pure radium, Marie Curie received a second Nobel Prize in 1911, this time for chemistry.", "I. ����������� Marie Curie (born Marie Sklodovska) (1867-1934) was born in Poland and emigrated to France in 1891. Marie Curie discovered and purified the first samples of the elements Polonium and Radium. After Antoine Becquerel's accidental discovery of radioactivity, she was the first scientist to systematically study the phenomenon and the different elements and isotopes that exhibited it.� She won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 along with Antoine Becquerel and her husband Pierre Curie. She also won an unprecedented second Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911. Author of �Radioactive Substances (1903). Marie Curie was an experimental chemist of great ingenuity, endurance, and devotion, to which the following tribute by Albert Einstein attests:", "Marie Curie was interested in the recent discoveries of radiation adn she was the first female recipient of a Nobel Prize.. In The Book about Blanche and Marie, Enquist has once again found. And Marie Curie, the Polish physicist and Nobel Prize winner.Marie Sklodowska Curie, 1867-1934; Chemik, fizyk, Nagroda Nobla 1903, 1911, Marie Sklodowska Curie, 1867-1934; Chemist, physicist, Nobel prize 1903, 1911. Papież Jan Paweł ii (Pope John Paul ii) Laureaci Nagrody Nobla (Nobel Prize Winners): Maria Curie Skłodowska– physics and chemistry. The Nobel Prize winners-Maria Curie-Skłodowska, Albert Einstein, Ernst Rutherford, Andrey Sacharow and many others who dedicated their. Yeah like Polish Marie Curie discovering Radium, Plotunium, Radioactivity. & was the first female a nobel prize& the first person to win 2.", "Irene and Frederic Joliot-Curie won in 1935 for chemistry. Incidentally, Marie Curie also won the 1911 Nobel Prize for chemistry.", "A towering figure in the history of chemistry and physics, Marie Curie is most famous for the discovery of the elements polonium and radium. Prohibited from higher education in her native Poland (then controlled by Russia), she moved to Paris in 1891 and studied at the Sorbonne. In 1895 Marie married Pierre Curie (who was by then a noted scientist), and together they began working on radiation experiments with uranium. (It was Marie who first coined the term \"radioactivity\" to describe the emission of uranic rays.) In 1898 the Curies discovered polonium and radium, and in 1903 they shared the Nobel Prize for physics with Henri Becquerel. When Pierre was killed suddenly in 1906, Marie took over his post as a professor at the Sorbonne, becoming the first woman to teach there. She was awarded a second Nobel in 1911 (this time for chemistry) for her work on radium and its compounds. Concerned more with humanitarian causes than financial rewards, Marie Curie was one of the most celebrated scientists of her time, at a time when the field was almost exclusively for men. It is thought her long exposure to radioactive materials precipitated her death.", "The second woman to win a Nobel was Irène Curie, daughter of Pierre and Marie. She shared the Prize with her husband, Jean Frédéric Joliot-Curie, for their discovery of “artificial radioactivity,” which they achieved by bombarding boron, aluminum, and magnesium with alpha particles to create radioactive isotopes. The Curies have more Nobel laureates than any other family.", "In 1903, she became the first woman to win a Nobel Prize for Physics. The award, jointly awarded to Curie, her husband Pierre, and Henri Becquerel, was for the discovery of radioactivity.", "Born Maria Sklodowska on November 7, 1867, in Warsaw, Poland, Marie Curie became the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and the only woman to win the award in two different fields (physics and chemistry). Curie's efforts, with her husband Pierre Curie, led to the discovery of polonium and radium and, after Pierre's death, the development of X-rays. She died on July 4, 1934.", "Birthday - Polish chemist Marie Curie (1867-1934) was born in Warsaw, Poland. In 1903, she and her husband received the Nobel Prize for physics for their discovery of the element Radium.", "Women and history: 1911 Marie Curie becomes the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, as she is awarded honours for her work in chemistry", "** Marie Curie, Polish-born scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and physics (b. 1867)", "The unit of radioactivity was eventually named the 'curie' in honour of Pierre, who was tragically killed in a Paris street accident in 1906, when he was only forty-six. Marie worked on, and the Curie family accumulated Nobel prizes in the most astonishing quantities. Pierre and Marie had won the prize for physics in 1903 jointly with Henri Becquerel. Marie won the Nobel prize for chemistry by herself in 1911 (she is still the only person to have been awarded the prizes for both physics and chemistry). Their daughter Irène married the French physicist Frederic Joliot and she and her husband won the Nobel prize for chemistry in 1935 for their discovery that radioactivity could be produced artificially in the laboratory. The year before, Marie Curie had died, aged sixty-six, of leukemia caused by radiation.", "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911 was awarded to Marie Curie \"in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element\".", "'In 1911 Curie received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her ealier discovery of polonium and radium and for studies of their properties. The ocassion in Stockholm was nearly destroyed by a scandal. A weekly newpaper published letters that were said to prove that Marie Curie and the physicist Paul Langevin, who was married, were having an affair. In her reply to a letter from Nobel Committee member Svante Arrhenius asking her not to attend the award ceremony, Curie pointed out that 'there is no connection between my scientific work and the facts of private life.' The trauma of this scandal came on the heels of an indignity she had endured earlier in the year, when she failed to gain election to the French Academy of Sciences in a closed ballot against the physicist Edouard Branly. She would never put herself forward as a candidate again.", "Curie was serene, dignified, dedicated. Albert Einstein is said to have remarked that Curie, \"of all celebrated beings, [is] the only one whom fame has not corrupted.\" She spent her winnings the way you'd expect, by pouring it into further research. The payoffs were many and varied, including an unprecedented and unrepeated string of Nobels won by one family: In addition to the prize Pierre shared in 1903, Marie's daughter, Irène Joliot-Curie, and her husband, Frédéric Joliot-Curie, won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935 for their discovery of artificial radioactivity. The downsides were also great. Marie's work with radioactive elements inflicted serious burns to her arms and hands and perhaps triggered the leukemia that killed her at age 58. R.F." ]

[ 6.953125, 6.515625, 6.23828125, 5.4453125, 5.2109375, 5.078125, 4.62109375, 4.47265625, 4.40234375, 4.3984375, 4.20703125, 3.955078125, 3.87890625, 3.7578125, 2.6640625, 2.55078125, 1.3037109375, 1.2119140625, 1.1953125, 1, 0.6923828125, 0.55419921875, -0.1751708984375, -0.85400390625, -1.0419921875, -1.05859375, -1.4404296875, -1.794921875, -1.935546875, -2.11328125, -2.181640625, -2.298828125 ]

[ "Belém (), literally Portuguese for Bethlehem, is a Brazilian municipality, the capital and largest city of the state of Pará in the country's north. It is the gateway to the River Amazon with a busy port, airport, and bus/coach station. Belém lies approximately 100 km upriver from the Atlantic Ocean, on the Pará River, which is part of the greater Amazon River system, separated from the larger part of the Amazon delta by Ilha de Marajó (Marajo Island). With an estimated population of 1,439,561 people — or 2,249,405, considering its metropolitan area — it is the 11th most populous city in Brazil, as well as the 16th by economic relevance. It is the second largest in the North Region, second only to Manaus, in the state of Amazonas,", "Belém is famous as the place from which many of the great Portuguese explorers set off on their voyages of discovery. In particular, it is the place from which Vasco da Gama departed for India in 1497 and Pedro Álvares Cabral departed for Brazil in 1499. It is also a former royal residence and features the 17th–18th century Belém Palace, a former royal residence now occupied by the President of Portugal, and the Ajuda Palace, begun in 1802 but never completed.", "Farabundo also states that the waterway would serve as a corridor for the transport of minerals, grains, timber, and other products. These resources could flow east toward Brazil's Atlantic port of Belem, and eventually on to Europe, increasing the economic integration of South America with the rest of the world. For example, the construction of the dam will allow Brazil to transport an additional 35 million tons of soybeans every year. However, cheaper transportation costs will serve as an incentive to expand the soy production in the states of Rondonia and Amazonas, increasing deforestation and invasions. This situation might create a 'gold rush' parallel, in which thousands of migrants travel to these states seeking a better life through soybean production. This would most likely lead to increased deforestation and more rapid destruction of the Amazon, thereby worsening climate change.", "Belem , Feliz Lusitania , Santa Maria de Belem , St. Mary of Bethlehem , Para - port city in northern Brazil in the Amazon delta; main port and commercial center for the Amazon River basin", ", state (1996 pop. 5,552,783), 474,896 sq mi (1,229,981 sq km), N Brazil, in the lower Amazon River basin bordering on the Guianas and the Atlantic Ocean. Belém is the capital.", "Cities Along the Amazon River : Iquitos (Peru); Leticia (Colombia); Manaus (Brazil), Santarém (Brazil), Belém do Pará (Brazil), Macapa (Brazil).", "Statue to Afonso de Albuquerque. In front of the former Royal Palace of Belém, now the Presidential Palace, there is a massive statue looking out to sea, representing Afonso de Albuquerque, second ruler of Portuguese India in the early 16th century.   edit", "The total population of the Brazilian portion of the Amazon basin in 1850 was perhaps 300,000, of whom about two-thirds were Europeans and slaves, the slaves amounting to about 25,000. The Brazilian Amazon's principal commercial city, Pará (now Belém), had from 10,000 to 12,000 inhabitants, including slaves. The town of Manáos, now Manaus, at the mouth of the Rio Negro, had a population between 1,000 and 1,500. All the remaining villages, as far up as Tabatinga, on the Brazilian frontier of Peru, were relatively small.", "Rio de Janeiro commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro , the second largest city of Brazil , and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America , boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper, making it the 6th largest in the Americas, and 26th in the world. Rio de Janeiro has become a home of a World Heritage Site named \"Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea,\" as granted by UNESCO on 1 July 2012 in the category Cultural Landscape. The decision was taken by the committee of the assets of the organization. The announcement came during a meeting in St. Petersburg, Russia.", "MCP is the capital city of the State of Amapa; and BEL is the capital city of the State of Para. BEL is an important city in North Brazil, with an excellent airport recently renovated.", "Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: República Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in both South America and the Latin America region. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 km. It is bordered on the north by Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and the French overseas region of French Guiana; on the northwest by Colombia; on the west by Bolivia and Peru; on the southwest by Argentina and Paraguay and on the south by Uruguay. It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile. Unlike most of the South and Central American countries, Brazil's primary language is not Spanish, but Portuguese, due to it being a former Portugal colony during the 1500s due to a treaty.", "Rio de Janeiro (;; River of January), or simply Rio, is the second-most populous municipality in Brazil and the sixth-most populous in the Americas. The metropolis is anchor to the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area, the second-most populous metropolitan area in Brazil and seventh-most populous in the Americas. Rio de Janeiro is the capital of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil's third-most populous state. Part of the city has been designated as a World Heritage Site, named \"Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea\", by UNESCO on 1 July 2012 as a Cultural Landscape. ", "Brazil occupies a large area along the eastern coast of South America and includes much of the continent's interior, sharing land borders with Uruguay to the south; Argentina and Paraguay to the southwest; Bolivia and Peru to the west; Colombia to the northwest; and Venezuela, Suriname, Guyana and the French overseas department of French Guiana to the north. It shares a border with every country in South America except for Ecuador and Chile. It also encompasses a number of oceanic archipelagos, such as Fernando de Noronha, Rocas Atoll, Saint Peter and Paul Rocks, and Trindade and Martim Vaz. Its size, relief, climate, and natural resources make Brazil geographically diverse. Including its Atlantic islands, Brazil lies between latitudes 6°N and 34°S, and longitudes 28° and 74°W.", "tion in 2009 is located 200 kilometres offshore Nigeria in Oil Mining Lease (OML 130) in water depths ranging from 1,250 to 1,480 meters. Its proved and probable reserves are estimated at 620 million barrels of condensate and more than 28 billion cubic meters of gas. With its huge gas reserves, the field has been described as a gas field with oil. It produces to a 310-meterlong, 61-meter-wide and 31-meter-high FPSO weighing 100,000 metric tons and designed to process 185,000 barrels of condensate and 15 million cubic meters of gas a day and to store up to two million barrels of condensate. Petrobras, which began operations in Nigeria in deep waters off the Niger Delta coast, is", "Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a sovereign nation-state in Europe. It is located on the Iberian Peninsula, and it is the westernmost country of mainland Europe, being bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east. Aside from continental Portugal, the Portuguese Republic holds sovereignty over the Atlanticarchipelagos of Azores and Madeira, which are autonomous regions of Portugal. The country is named after its second largest city, Porto, whose name derives from Latin \"Portus\" and the Celtic place-name \"Cale\".", "Brazil was a colony of Portugal from the landing of Pedro Álvares Cabral in 1500 until its independence in 1822. Initially independent as the Brazilian Empire, the country became a republic in 1889. Prior to 1995 Brazil is a considered a \"Third World\" nation. It was one of the world's largest economies and a regional power. It was a founding member of the United Nations. Brazil is also home to a diversity of wildlife, natural environments, and extensive natural resources.", "About 97 kilometres south-east of Belo Horizonte is Ouro Preto, named after the \"black gold\" (gold mixed with alluvial iron ore) that generated a rush in the late 17th century. From 1720 until 1897, Ouro Preto was the capital of Minas Gerais, and the mansions, churches and civic buildings built by the city's fathers has made it one of the loveliest urban centres in Brazil. Tourism is big business there, but don't let that put you off.", "Manaus, Brazil | Parintins, Brazil | Santarem, Brazil | Guajara, Brazil | Devils Island, French Guiana | Bridgetown, Barbados | Castries, St. Lucia | Terre-De-Haut, Guadeloupe | Gustavia, St. Barts | Great Harbor, Peter Island, Bvi | Fort Lauderdale (Port Everglades)", "Sao Goncalo - an industrial city in southeastern Brazil across the bay from Rio de Janeiro", "The Estação das Docas Complex reopened the windows of Belém to Guajará Bay. The restoration project covers the area of old warehouses of the Pará Docks Company. Constructed from prefabricated metal structures in England and that were built at the beginning of the twentieth century in Belém. ", "Take a sail along the banks of the Belem area on your private boat. En route, see the 15th-century New Harbour and a memorial to Prince Henry. Your river boat cruise concludes with a look at the Royal Monastery of St. Jerome and the unique Belem Tower, built as a fortress to defend the harbour of the wealthy Portuguese capital during the 15th and 16th centuries. These historic buildings date from the Discovery Period and the reign of King Manuel I.", "Which town in Brazil, 1,000 miles up the Amazon, was at one time the major port for the rubber trade*manaus", "The principal commercial city, Para , had from 10,000 to 12,000 inhabitants, including slaves. The town of Manáos, now Manaus , at the mouth of the Rio Negro, had from 1,000 to 1,500 population. All the remaining villages, as far up as Tabatinga , on the Brazilian frontier of Peru, were very small.", "Belém can be reached by the Tocantins River and Amazonas River and by the Atlantic Ocean. The city of Belém has been referenced in the opening episode of the TV series No Ordinary Family, where Powell's go for a family vacation.", "Belém Tower is a fortress built in 1515 by King Manuel I to protect the city and its harbor. The tower is a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1983", "On January 12, 1616, he anchored in what we now call Guajará bay formed by the confluence of the Para and Guama Rivers, called by the Tupinambás, \"Guaçu Paraná\". Caldeira mistook the bay for the main channel, and thirty leagues upstream, he built a wooden fort, covered with straw, which he called \"Presépio\" (now \"Forte do Castelo\"). The colony formed by the fort was given the name Feliz Lusitânia, \"Happy Lusitania\". It was the embryo of the future city of Belém. The fort failed to suppress Dutch and French trading, but did ward off colonization.", "From the town of Canaria at the great bend of the Amazon to the Negro, only very low land is found, resembling that at the mouth of the river.[ citation needed ] Vast areas of land in this region are submerged at high water, above which only the upper part of the trees of the sombre forests appear. Near the mouth of the Rio Negro to Serpa, nearly opposite the river Madeira, the banks of the Amazon are low, until approaching Manaus, they rise to become rolling hills. At Óbidos, a bluff 17 m (56 ft) above the river is backed by low hills. The lower Amazon seems to have once been a gulf of the Atlantic Ocean, the waters of which washed the cliffs near Óbidos.", "From the village of Canaria at the great bend of the Amazon to the Negro 1,000 km (600 mi) downstream, only very low land is found, resembling that at the mouth of the river. Vast areas of land in this region are submerged at high water, above which only the upper part of the trees of the sombre forests appear. Near the mouth of the Rio Negro to Serpa, nearly opposite the river Madeira, the banks of the Amazon are low, until approaching Manaus, they rise to become rolling hills. At Óbidos, a bluff 17 m (56 ft) above the river is backed by low hills. The lower Amazon seems to have once been a gulf of the Atlantic Ocean , the waters of which washed the cliffs near Óbidos.", "The inland cities developed as service centres for agriculture or industry. Curitiba, the capital of the State of Paraná, is the commercial centre for a rich agricultural region. Its factories process farm products. Manaus in the State of Amazonas stands where the rivers Negro and Solimões meet to form the Amazon, so it has always been a river port. It grew into a wealthy city at the end of the nineteenth century as the centre of the trade in natural rubber. That has now finished, but today Manaus has a free trade zone where hundreds of factories have been built - they pay no taxes and the products they make can be flown out directly from the airport.", "The port of Diamante is the last overseas port of the Parana River, and the only overseas port of the province of Entre Rios next to two big cities, capital cities as Santa Fe and Paraná. The port is located on Diamante near the Paraná river at kilometer 533.", "From the town of Canaria at the great bend of the Amazon to the Negro, vast areas of land are submerged at high water, above which only the upper part of the trees of the sombre forests appear. Near the mouth of the Rio Negro to Serpa, nearly opposite the river Madeira, the banks of the Amazon are low, until approaching Manaus, they rise to become rolling hills.", "Foi nomeado para chefiar uma expedição à Índia em 1500, seguindo a rota recém-inaugurada por Vasco da Gama, contornando a África. Aí a sua frota, de 13 navios, afastou-se bastante da costa africana, talvez intencionalmente, desembarcando no que ele inicialmente achou tratar-se de uma grande ilha à qual deu o nome de Vera Cruz e que Pêro Vaz de Caminha fez referência." ]

[ 3.29296875, 3.107421875, 3.099609375, 1.9111328125, 1.4130859375, -0.021942138671875, -0.1982421875, -0.7470703125, -1.6298828125, -1.7734375, -1.8388671875, -2.36328125, -2.66796875, -2.796875, -2.830078125, -3.173828125, -3.689453125, -4.04296875, -4.34375, -4.796875, -4.8125, -5.3203125, -5.5078125, -5.87109375, -6.875, -7.73046875, -9.2578125, -10.0859375, -10.2890625, -10.7109375, -10.765625, -10.765625 ]

[ "Daniel Michael \"Danny\" DeVito (born November 17, 1944) is an American actor, producer and director. He gained prominence for his portrayal of the taxi dispatcher Louie De Palma in Taxi (1978–1983) which won him a Golden Globe and an Emmy. ", "Danny DeVito has amassed a formidable and versatile body of work as an actor, producer and director that spans the stage, television and film. Daniel Michael DeVito Jr. was born on November 17, 1944, in Neptune, New Jersey, to Italian-American parents. His mother, Julia (Moccello), was a homemaker. His father, Daniel, Sr., was a small business owner... See full bio »", "His grandparents were from Italy. His father, Dan Sr., was born in Brooklyn. His mother, Julia, met and married his father during the Depression. His parents raised Danny and his two sisters, Angela and Theresa in Asbury Park, New Jersey. His father, owner of a candy store and luncheonette, was a strict disciplinarian in a family atmosphere that was volatile with tension at times but nonetheless De Vito remembers life as sweet growing up in Asbury Park in the 1950s. At 14, his first job was to put the kids on the boardwalk rides. After high school, he became a hairstylist at his sister's beauty parlor where he was known as \"Mr. Danny.\"", "He was born in Argentina, but was never called up by the national side. He moved to Italy to play for Verona aged 24, and he claimed dual citizenship. Not a problem you might think. And then you realise he didn’t sing the Italian national anthem before games.", "Chris de Burgh has been married to his wife Diane since 1977 and lives in Enniskerry, County Wicklow in Ireland, having moved there from Dalkey, Dublin in 1997. They have two sons, Hubie and Michael, and a daughter, Rosanna, best known as the winner of the Miss World competition in 2003 for Ireland. He is a distant descendant of the 13th-century English nobleman Hubert de Burgh, who features prominently in Shakespeare 's play The Life and Death of King John. His second cousin, Danny Kinahan of Castle Upton, was elected Member of Parliament for South Antrim in 2015.", "Chris De Burgh was born on October 15, 1948 in Buenos Aires, Argentina as Christopher John Davidson. He has been married to Diane since November 25, 1978. They have three children. See full bio »", "Giuseppe Zangara was born on September 7, 1900 in Ferruzzano, Calabria, Italy. After serving in the Tyrolean Alps in World War I, Zangara did a variety of menial jobs in his home village before emigrating with his uncle to the United States in 1923. He settled in Paterson, New Jersey and on September 11, 1929, he became a naturalized citizen of the United States.", "Antonio Sabàto, Jr. ,born in Rome, Italy, of Bohemian mother, is an American actor and model. He first became known as a Calvin Klein model and for his role on the soap opera General Hospital. He continued appearing in films and television series throughout the 1990s and 2000s.", "Frankie Dettorti was born December 15, 1970 in Milan and is anItalian horse racing jockey and celebrity. He is the son of Sardinian jockeyGianfranco Dettori, who was a prolific winner in Italy. Also known as real nameLanfranco Dettori in non-English speaking countries.", "Liam Brady (Dublín, Irlanda, 13 de febrero de 1956) es un ex futbolista y director técnico irlandés. Se desempeñaba en la posición de centrocampista.", "Dan Hedaya (born July 24, 1940) is an American character actor. He often plays sleazy villains or uptight, wisecracking individuals. Hedaya was born in Brooklyn, New York, to a Sephardic Jewish family from Syria. Hedaya was a junior high school teacher for many years before deciding to pursue acting full-time. Alongside a successful career in the movies, Hedaya has held several TV roles, most notably that of Carla Tortelli's charmingly sleazy ex-husband Nick on the sitcom Cheers and its short-lived spinoff The Tortellis. He also had a memorable turn as Mallory Keaton's boyfriend Nick's estranged father on the sitcom Family Ties. More recently, he played an Italian-American priest in the controversial and quickly cancelled NBC series The Book of Daniel. Adding to his list of televisio...", "Brady was born in Columbus, Georgia[http://www.imdb.com/video/cbs/vi2315257625/ video Let's Make A Deal, episode May 11, 2010] at 9:23 minutes, Wayne Brady says he was born in Columbus, Georgia. to West Indian parents, and moved to Orlando, Florida as a young child to live with his grandmother and aunt. Brady refers to his grandmother, Valerie Petersen, as his \"mom,\" since she raised him. Brady is second cousin to professional footballer Jozy Altidore who currently plays for Toronto FC. At 16, Brady started performing in community theater and at the Orlando improv troupe SAK Comedy Lab, where he first started developing his improv skills. He attended Dr. Phillips High School in Orlando, Florida, where he graduated in 1989. In 1990, he enrolled at the University of Miami. In 1996, he moved to Los Angeles, California, where he continued developing his acting skills. ", "Andrea Donna de Matteo, called Drea (pronounced \"dray\"), was born on January 19, 1972 in Queens, New York, into an affluent family, the youngest of three children and the only girl. She is the daughter of Donna, a playwright and playwriting teacher at HB Studio in New York, and Albert A. De Matteo, a furniture manufacturer. She is of Italian ... See full bio »", "Denisof was born in Salisbury, Maryland, to a Russian-American father and an Irish-American mother, Christiana. He also indicates that he is a small part French on his father's side. He moved to Seattle, Washington when he was three years old. After graduating from St. Paul's School in Concord, New Hampshire, he moved to Britain where he lived and worked for a number of years.", "Jim Witowski (also known as \"Johnny Cakes\") was Vito Spatafore 's Polish-American gay lover and volunteer firefighter and local hero. Vito met Jim in New Hampshire after Vito fled New Jersey . Jim owned a diner in the New Hampshire town where Vito was staying and Vito was a frequent customer. While putting out a fire, he is seen running into a burning house and rescuing a small child, in which he receives applause when he takes the child to safety. Vito and Jim soon formed an attraction, though the two got into a fistfight outside a bar when Jim tried to kiss Vito and, still in denial about his homosexuality, Vito violently rebuffed him. Jim won the fight decisively. The two soon reconciled and Vito became Jim's live-in lover. Jim even professed his love for Vito one evening, and the pleasantry was returned by Vito to \"Johnny Cakes\". The pair enjoyed romantic dinners, and Vito buys a chopper motorcycle going on long motorcycle rides, and picnicking lakeside. Ultimately, Vito missed his family and fast-paced lifestyle back in New Jersey too much to stay with Jim. Vito left Jim's house early one morning to return to New Jersey while Jim was still asleep. Vito would later call Jim, but Jim was still angry over the way Vito had left and wanted nothing more to do with him. Vito was violently murdered soon thereafter.", "Mario Puzo was born in Hell's Kitchen on the west side of Manhattan. His parents were poor Italian-American immigrants from Naples (not, like the Corleones, from Sicily). His father, who was a railroad trackman for the New York Central Railroad, deserted the family when Mario was 12, leaving his wife, Maria, to raise their seven children.", "Jim Witowski (also known as \"Johnny Cakes\") was Vito Spatafore 's Polish-American gay lover. Vito met Jim in New Hampshire after Vito fled New Jersey . Jim owned a diner in the New Hampshire town where Vito was staying and Vito was a frequent customer. Vito and Jim soon formed an attraction, though the two got into a fistfight outside a bar when Jim tried to kiss Vito and Vito, still in denial about his homosexuality, violently rebuffed him. Jim won the fight decisively. The two soon reconciled and Vito became Jim's live-in lover. Vito even professed his love for \"Johnny Cakes\" one evening. The pair enjoyed romantic dinners, going on long motorcycle rides, and picnicking by the lake. Ultimately, Vito missed his family and life in New Jersey too much to stay with Jim. Vito left Jim one morning to return to New Jersey while Jim was still asleep. Vito would later call Jim, but Jim was still angry over the way Vito left and wanted nothing more to do with him. Vito was murdered shortly after.", "The Don Aside from big events like his daughter's wedding, Don Vito Corleone (Marlon Brando) is a quiet man who keeps a low profile, running his crime empire from his unassuming olive oil import storefront. Coppola has said he's a combination of mid-century crime bosses Vito Genovese (who like his fictional counterpart, eschewed drug dealing) and Joe Prifaci. Another likely inspiration is Carlo Gambino, another quiet, unflashy man who, through assassinations and betrayals, became head of the mob family that bears his name and the most powerful Mafioso in New York. LIke Brando's character, Gambino lived on a suburban estate outside Manhattan and died peacefully of a heart attack when he was old and still a free man.", "Tony Danza (1951- ; born Antonio Iadanza) is only very, very occasionally a \"fine actor.\" He received an Emmy award for a guest appearance on the legal drama \"The Practice\" (1997- ) and was acclaimed for his Broadway revival of Eugene O'Neill's The Iceman Cometh. He is best known, however, for his sit-com appearances: the excellent \"Taxi\" (1978-83) and the dreadful \"Who's the Boss?\" (1984-92). The former boxer has also done a number of films, including She's Out of Control (1987) (again, dreadful) and Angels in the Outfield (1994).", "Casino is an Academy Award nominated 1995 crime drama film directed by Martin Scorsese. It is based on the book of the same name by Nicholas Pileggi and Larry Shandling. Robert De Niro stars as Sam \"Ace\" Rothstein, a Jewish chain-smoking top gambling handicapper who is called by the Mob to oversee the day-to-day operations at the fictional Tangiers Casino in Las Vegas. The story is based on the late Frank \"Lefty\" Rosenthal, who ran the Stardust, Fremont and the Hacienda casinos in Las Vegas for the Chicago Outfit from the 1970s until the early 1980s.", "* James Gandolfini, American actor who worked as a bouncer at an on-campus pub while studying at Rutgers University. ", "Vito is a supporting character in The Godfather Returns, Mark Winegardner's 2004 sequel to Puzo's novel, and a major one in The Family Corleone, a 2012 novel by Ed Falco. Both novels portray his rise to power in the 1920s and 1930s, as well as his early relationships with his wife and children.", "Biography In the first film, Don Vito Corleone was portrayed by Marlon Brando... See more  »", "Vito Spatafore, Sr. (Joseph R. Gannascoli)-Vito is Richie Apriles’ nephew, and a cousin of both Jackie Aprile and Adriana La Cerva, and swiftly reaches the position of capodecina in the Aprile crew. He is a fervent sports fan and also attended the 1998 World Series. He is married to Marie (Elizabeth Bracco), and they have two children, Vito Jr. (Frank Borrelli and Brandan Hannan) and  Francesca (Paulina Gerzon). Despite the fact that he does love Marie, he is actuality a closeted homosexual, which leads to many problems later on. Marie is a good wife and mother and loves her husband regardless of his sexual preference. Vito Jr., likes sports and is a seemingly normal kid until rumors of his father’s homosexuality surface and he starts spending more time alone, eventually leading him into the Goth subculture. Francesca is your average girl, but later ends up distanced from her brother in both miles and emotions.", "Member/soldier of Carlo Gervasi 's crew. His last name is supposedly derived from Andrea Doria , the Genoese condottiere and admiral who also had the famous vessel SS Andrea Doria named after him. Terry is a member of the ILA and a dock foreman who is responsible for monitoring incoming shipments through New Jersey ports, and worked with Benny Fazio to track down Vespa scooters that Johnny Sack kept hidden from Tony. Part of the group that went to looking for Vito Spatafore at his goomah's beach house following the revelation that he was homosexual. When Spatafore returned to town, he ran into Doria who then asked to borrow money for child support payments. After Spatafore's death Doria was pleased to have timed his borrowing so well, knowing that since Vito Spatafore is dead he will not have to pay back any off the money he borrowed.", "Although Vito Spatafore wasn’t introduced on The Sopranos until the Season 2 episode “The Happy Wanderer” as a nephew to fellow mobster Richie Aprile and later a cousin to Adriana La Cerva and Jackie Aprile, Jr, the actor who plays his role, Joseph R. Gannascoli, appears in the Season 1 episode, “The Legend of Tennessee Moltisanti” as pastry shop patron named “Gino”. Vito is inducted into the Aprile crew upon Richie’s release from prison and quickly rises through the ranks to Capo after the deaths of capos Richie Aprile, Gigi Cestone and Ralph Cifaretto. Vito’s character is based on Vito Arena , a homosexual mob associate in the Gambino crime family .( more… )", "Carmine “Little Carmine” Lupertazzi, Jr. is a fictional New York mobster in the HBO television series The Sopranos. He is played by actor Ray Abruzzo . Little Carmine is a Capo and the son of Carmine Lupertazzi, the leader of one of New York’s Five Families.", "Robert De Niro as Vito Corleone, murdering the “Black Hand” mobster Fanucci, in “The Godfather Part II.”", "* Danny Dyer (Kent Paul in Grand Theft Auto: Vice City and Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas) ", "Vito Spatafore, Sr., played by Joseph R. Gannascoli , is a fictional character on the HBO TV series The Sopranos. He was a member of the DiMeo Crime Family and a subordinate of Tony Soprano. He was married to Marie Spatafore with two children, Francesca and Vito, Jr., and was a closeted homosexual. This was revealed in the show’s fifth season, and became one of the more prominent subplots in the sixth season.", "We take a look at the portrayals of Mario Puzo’s Don Vito Corleone – who played him best? Marlon Brando or Robert de Niro? Read on to find out!", "The Sicilian is a 1987 action film based on the novel of the same name by Mario Puzo. It was directed by Michael Cimino and stars Christopher Lambert, Joss Ackland and Terence Stamp." ]

[ 1.375, 0.94775390625, 0.2099609375, -2.38671875, -4.953125, -5.52734375, -5.69140625, -5.75390625, -6.09375, -6.58984375, -6.98046875, -7.4921875, -7.60546875, -7.60546875, -7.6171875, -7.7890625, -8.015625, -8.171875, -8.28125, -8.7890625, -8.859375, -9.0703125, -9.2890625, -9.3203125, -9.4140625, -9.6171875, -9.8515625, -10.28125, -10.4140625, -10.6875, -10.71875, -10.8515625 ]

[ "   Chinook, warm, dry, gusty, westerly WIND that blows down the Rocky Mountains into the mountains' eastern slopes and the western prairies. The chinook, a native word meaning &QUOT;snow eater,&QUOT; belongs to a family of winds experienced in many parts of the world where long mountain chains lie more or less at right angles to the prevailing wind. Examples include the foehn in Europe, the zonda in Argentina and the berg in South Africa.", "(c) Chinook is a warm dry wind that blows in the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains in U.S.A.", "A dry, westerly wind, the adiabatically warmed chinook blows down the eastern face of the Rocky Mountains onto the adjacent foothills and plains. While capable of blowing any season of the year, the chinook's presence is most salient during the winter, when its relative warmth provides a stark contrast to frigid continental-polar air masses. Its ability to melt and sublimate away thick coverings of snow in a matter of days or even hours has led to the common but apocryphal story that chinook is an \"Indian\" word for \"snow eater.\" In fact, the Great Plains chinook owes its name to the Pacific Northwest fur trade, where a vaguely similar westerly breeze flowed up the lower Columbia River from the vicinity of the Chinook Indian villages; British Canadian and American settlers transplanted the chinook name first to the interior Columbia Plain and then, by the 1880s, to the northwestern Great Plains.", "Chinook: a foehn, originating with moist wind from the Pacific Ocean, that releases its moisture as precipitation over the Rocky Mountains, the air is then compressed and heated as it descends over the frozen plains of the northwestern United States and Canada, often removing several inches of snow by sublimation in a matter of hours, thus leading some people to refer to them as \"snow eaters\" [Sometimes, the wet southwest winds that blow along the coasts of Oregon and Washington are also referred to as chinooks because of their warmth.]", "The descending, warm, dry wind on the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains. The chinook generally blows from the southwest, but its direction may be modified by topography. When it sets in after a spell of intense cold, the temperature may rise by 20u00B0F to 40u00B0F in 15 minutes due to replacement of a cold air mass with a much warmer air mass in minutes.", "n. The descending, warm, dry wind on the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains. The chinook generally blows from the southwest, but its direction may be modified by topography. When it sets in after a spell of intense cold, the temperature may rise by 20–40°F in 15 minutes due to replacement of a cold air mass with a much warmer air mass in minutes.", "Chinook: a warm, dry wind that blows on the lee sides of mountains in North America.", "Weegy: Along the eastern slopes of the Rockies, the Chinook wind provides a welcome respite from the long winter chill. Few people spend very much time along the eastern slopes without experiencing these wonderful warm winds. The change can be dramatic. [ On Jan. 11, 1983, the temperature in Calgary rose 30°C (from –17°C to 13°C) in 4 hours, and on February 7, 1964, the temperature rose 28°C (51°F°), and the humidity dropped by 43 percent. The winds are caused by moist weather patterns, originating off the Pacific coast, cooling as they climb the western slopes, and then rapidly warming as they drop down the eastern side of the mountains. The Chinook usually begins with a sudden change in wind direction towards the west or southwest, and a rapid increase in wind speed. ] (More)", "Another American wind is the chinook, taking its name from the Native American peoples of the Pacific Northwest; since it's a warm dry wind that blows from the Rockies, the chinook is a foehn wind, a Swiss German word derived from Latin Favonius, \"west wind.\" Other American winds blow through Alaska: knik, matanuska, pruga, stikine, taku, take, turnagain, williwaw. (I assume some of those are Native American names and others (specifically \"turnagain\") local English names, but I'm not certain.)", "3. The final ingredient is mountains. Since the Rockies are somewhat narrower and higher in the area of Glacier Park and the Bob Marshall Wilderness, Chinook winds are especially frequent in the zone shown within the yellow line on the map. To see an elevation map of Montana that shows how the mountains west of the Chinook Zone stand above mountains to their west and the prairie to their east CLICK HERE", "The resulting outflow wind is more or less the opposite of British Columbia/Pacific Northwest Chinook. These are called a squamish in certain areas, rooted in the direction of such winds coming down out of Howe Sound, home to the Squamish people, and in Alaska are called a williwaw. They consist of cold airstreams from the continental air mass pouring out of the interior plateau via certain river valleys and canyons penetrating the Coast Mountains towards the coast.", "Chinook - A strong, warm and exceptionally dry fohn wind that descends the eastern slope of the rockies , and may bring an abrupt temperature rise, the disappearance of lying snow, and a risk of desiccation and consequent fire hazard. Often heralded by a line of low cloud (the chinook arch) parallel to the Rockies. A chinook was responsible for the most rapid temperature rise ever recorded: 27C in 2 minutesat Spearfish, South Dakot, on 23 January 1943. The term is occasionally applied to a warm, moist wind from the sea that affects the coasts of Washington and Oregon.", "While its effects are not entirely benign, with property-damaging gusts that can desiccate and erode farmers' soils, the chinook continued to be celebrated throughout the twentieth century as a welcome winter relief. Such celebration of the mild chinook has been particularly pronounced in southern Alberta, which local boosters, only partially tongue-incheek, describe as Canada's \"Banana Belt,\" and which the regional tourism industry officially markets as \"Chinook Country.\" The chinook also is a well-recognized presence among the communities along Colorado's Front Range, even serving for a few years (1969-72) as the name for a Denver-based underground weekly newspaper; as explained in the inaugural issue, Chinook was chosen because it is a \"warm wind that comes from the mountains. It sometimes brings great upheaval, but more often it brings gentle warmth and good vibrations.\"", "Because katabatic refers specifically to the vertical motion of the wind, this group also includes winds which form on the lee side of mountains, and heat as a consequence of compression. Such winds may undergo a temperature increase of 20 °C (68 °F ) or more, and many of the world's \"named\" winds belong to this group. Among the most well-known of these winds are the chinook of Western Canada and the American Northwest, the Swiss foehn , California's infamous Santa Ana wind , and the French Mistral .’", "A warm, dry wind that blows down the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains of the United States. It is akin to a Foehn wind and approaches the Rocky Mountains from the Pacific Ocean. As it climbs the mountain, the air begins to expand and cool. Some of the moisture in the air condenses and falls to the ground as rain or snow. As the precipitation falls, great amounts of stored heat are released. The air that descends down the eastern slope of the mountain is drier and warmer, warming at a rate that is twice the cooling rate and resulting in rapid melting of the snow. White wispy clouds appear parallel to the mountain ranges. The strong westerly or southwesterly winds can attain speeds as high as 100 mph (160 kmph).", "‘A widely-used term, though one not formally recognised by meteorologists, is orographic wind. This refers to air which undergoes orographic lifting. Most often, this is in the context of winds such as the chinook or the föhn, which undergo lifting by mountain ranges before descending and warming on the lee side.’", "Chinook  The Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, is the largest species in the Pacific (Oncorhynchus) salmon family. Other commonly used names for the species include king salmon, Quinnat salmon, spring salmon and Tyee salmon. Chinook are anadromous fish native to the north Pacific Ocean and the river systems of western North America ranging from California to Alaska. They are also native to Asian rivers ranging from northern Japan to the Palyavaam River in the Siberian far east, although only the Kamchatka Peninsula supports relatively persistent native populations. They have been introduced to other parts of the world, including New Zealand and the Great Lakes. A large Chinook is a prized and sought-after catch for a sporting angler. The flesh of the salmon is also highly valued for its dietary nutritional content, which includes high levels of important omega-3 fatty acids.", "Chinooks are most prevalent over southern Alberta in Canada, especially in a belt from Pincher Creek and Crowsnest Pass through Lethbridge, which get 30 to 35 Chinook days per year on average. Chinooks become less frequent further south in the United States, and are not as common north of Red Deer, but they can and do occur annually as far north as High Level in northwestern Alberta and Fort St. John in northeastern British Columbia, and as far south as Albuquerque, New Mexico.", "A foehn like situation can last from less than an hour to several days. The high crest of the wave creates a distinctive elongated cloud parallel to the mountains, known as a föhn wall (aka. chinook arch or helm cloud). Further wave crests more distant to the obstacle form the popular lenticularis clouds .", "Anyone who’s lived in the area for very long is familiar with the strong, dry, warm winds that sometimes develop in the winter quickly raising the temperature by 50 degrees Fahrenheit or more. These winds are called “Chinooks” after a Native American tribe in the Northwest where the air masses originate.", "Often, a Chinook is preceded by a \"Manyberries Chinook\" during the end of a cold spell. This southeast wind (named for the small village Manyberries, now a hamlet, in southeastern Alberta, from where the wind seems to originate) can be fairly strong and cause bitter windchill and blowing snow. The wind will eventually swing around to the southwest and the temperature rises sharply as the real Chinook arrives.", "The term Chinook wind is also used in British Columbia, and is the original usage, being rooted in the lore of coastal tribes and brought to Alberta by the fur-traders. Such winds are extremely wet and warm and arrive off the western coast of North America from the southwest. The winds are also known as the pineapple express, since they are of tropical origin, roughly from the area of the Pacific near Hawaii. The air associated with a west coast Chinook is stable; this minimizes wind gusts and often keeps winds light in sheltered areas. In exposed areas, fresh gales are frequent during a Chinook, but strong gale- or storm-force winds are uncommon (most of the region's stormy winds come when a fast 'westerly' jet stream lets air masses from temperate and subarctic latitudes clash).", "The Cascades include a series of volcanic peaks, including Mount Rainier, which rises (4,392 m/14,410 ft), Mount Adams (3,742 m/12,276 ft), and Mount Baker (3,285 m/10,778 ft) in Washington; Mount Hood (3,426 m/11,239 ft) in Oregon; and Mount Shasta at (4,317 m/14,162 ft) in California. Some of these volcanoes are still active, including Mount Saint Helens in Washington(2,550 m/8,365 ft), which erupted violently on May 18, 1980, blowing 400 m (1,300 ft) in elevation from the peak and sending a column of ash as high as 19 km (12 mi) high. In addition, the region experiences periodic mild earthquakes.", "“We saw stretching out before us a broad, flat valley, about two miles wide, filled with primeval forest. The sombre greet of pine and spruce contrasted with the brilliant yellow of the fading poplar and the vermillion of dying maple leaf; while the Bow River – the loveliest on Earth – winds through the whole in a bright blue ribbon. Right in front towers the snow-capped Cascade Mountain, so called from a small stream which leaps 1000 feet from its flanks. On the left the Castle Mountain range – a magnificent panorama of eternal snow, reminding me somewhat of the Jungfrau group as seen from Lauterbrunnen; on the right the Devil’s Head group, with the singular rock towering above the whole mass, justifying by its remarkable outline the Indian name of which this is the translation, while behind are the pine-clad Sulphur Mountains, and a terrific row of lofty crags known as “The Twins.” The whole forms a panorama of mountains from 10,000 to 11,000 feet high, which for beauty and grandeur can only be equalled by the Cortina dolomites in the Austrian Tyrol” (p. 68-72).", "The highest peak in BC, Fairweather Mountain (4,663 m), straddles the Alaska border in the St Elias Mountains just northwest of the Coast Mountains. Only three major rivers have cut through the barrier of the Coast Mountains: the Fraser, Skeena and Stikine . The Fraser and Skeena river valleys have become the sites of the only land-transportation routes reaching the coast from the interior.", "To get to Green Mountain find the Suiattle River Road midway between Rockport and Darrington, go east and in about 19 miles go left on the Green Mountain Road, in 6.2 miles you'll be at the trailhead. You'll see a sign that says \"Meadow 1 mile: Lookout 4 miles\". Green Mountain is so named because it is so green with one of the lushest wildflower covered meadows you'll find in the Cascade Mountains. The lookout is well-maintained. The view is one of the best of the Cascade Mountain hikes. You're deep in the Cascades here surrounded by the sea of peaks you see when you look east from the summit of Mount Pilchuck. You look out at the Glacier Peak Wildnerness Area with a real good view to the southeast of the Glacier Peak volcano, the least seen of the Washington volcanoes. To the north you see Buckindy Ridge and Snowking Mountain. Downey, Pugh, Whitehorse and Sulphur Peaks are among the peaks you see from here. Looking down you are peering into the Suiattle, Mill Creek and Downey Valleys. The hike is 8 miles round trip with an elevation gain of 3200 feet.", "Pitchfork Falls has a total height of 2093 feet 638 meters and it is located in USA, Alaska, Skagway, Goat Lake. The falls cascade out of Goat Lake, just north of Skagway and drop into the Skagway River. The falls drop almost 2100 feet in about a mile, and don’t appear to have any single vertical drop over 100 feet or so. The falls can be seen in their entirety from the Klondike Highway.� photo source", "‘Conversely, if chinook winds weaken or cease, the cold air can move back in from the east, and the temperature will drop just as suddenly.’", "“That’s a helluva piece of country. These glaciers on the sides of the mountains – they’re just stuck on, waiting to come crashing thousands of feet down into the sea. There are rapids, here in the narrows; it’s not much over twenty yards wide and the icebergs are grounded by the tide. The cliffs are so high they blot out the radio. Apart from the icebergs grinding about in the channel, the glaciers will be calving now with the onset of spring. That will mean avalanches and tidal waves as a result. Out here on the Pacific coast there’s a terrific swell, and here, there’s a tidal-race.”", "Whistler is a resort town located in British Columbia in Canada. It lies about 125 kms to the north of Vancouver and has become a popular tourist destination for those who search for winter sports. In fact, since the middle of the 1990s, it has been voted as one of the top ski destinations of North America by leading ski magazines.", "Then, there are the \"blowouts\". Valdez, AK clobbers the competition as America's snowiest city. Their annual average snowfall bests our #2 city, Crested Butte, Colo., by over 9 feet!", "There are no roads along the long section of mainland coast between Powell River and Prince Rupert because of extremely high construction costs around the innumerable fjords, plus the lack of permanent settlements. Only one road crosses northwestern BC from Prince Rupert (and Stewart) to Cassiar and the Alaska Highway ; the latter is the only road across northeastern BC. As part of its bid for the 2010 Winter Olympics major improvements to a section of Highway 99 known as the Sea-to-Sky Highway linking West Vancouver to Whistler were completed in 2009." ]

[ 4.5625, 4.4453125, 4.0078125, 3.087890625, 2.58203125, 2.490234375, 2.111328125, 1.0986328125, 0.68359375, -0.135498046875, -0.2724609375, -0.7919921875, -1.1455078125, -1.498046875, -2.044921875, -2.7421875, -2.8125, -2.94140625, -3.69140625, -4.06640625, -4.15625, -4.34375, -4.69921875, -4.80859375, -5.59765625, -5.72265625, -7.5234375, -8.0390625, -8.53125, -9.265625, -10.140625, -10.921875 ]

[ "Michael J. Fox (born Michael Andrew Fox on June 9 , 1961 in Edmonton , Alberta , Canada ) [1] is an Emmy Award -winning, Canadian-American [2] actor who has had success both in television and in film . His best known roles include Marty McFly from the Back to the Future trilogy (1985-1990), Alex P. Keaton from Family Ties (1982-1989), and Mike Flaherty from Spin City (1996-2000).", "Michael J. Fox was born Michael Andrew Fox on June 9, 1961 in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, to Phyllis Fox (née Piper), a payroll clerk, and William Fox. His parents moved their ten-year-old son, his three sisters, Kelli Fox , Karen, and Jacki, and his brother, Steven, to Vancouver, British Columbia, after his father, a sergeant in the Canadian Army Signal Corps, retired. It was during these years that Michael developed his desire to act. At age fifteen, he successfully auditioned for the role of a 10-year-old in a series called Leo and Me . Gaining attention as a bright new star in Canadian television and movies, Michael realized his love for acting when he appeared on stage in \"The Shadow Box\". At age 18, he moved to Los Angeles and was offered a few roles in television series but early acting success ended fast when the roles stopped coming. For a while, he survived on boxes of macaroni and cheese. Then his agent called to tell him that he got the part of Alex P. Keaton on the situation comedy Family Ties . He starred in the feature films Teen Wolf , High School U.S.A. , Poison Ivy and Back to the Future .", "Michael J. Fox was born Michael Andrew Fox on June 9, 1961 in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, to Phyllis Fox (née Piper), a payroll clerk, and William Fox. His parents moved their ten-year-old son, his three sisters, Kelli Fox , Karen, and Jacki, and his brother, Steven, to Vancouver, British Columbia, after his father, a sergeant in the Canadian Army Signal Corps, retired. It was during these years that Michael developed his desire to act. At age fifteen, he successfully auditioned for the role of a 10-year-old in a series called Leo and Me (1978). Gaining attention as a bright new star in Canadian television and movies, Michael realized his love for acting when he appeared on stage in \"The Shadow Box\". At age 18, he moved to Los Angeles and was offered a few roles in television series but early acting success ended fast when the roles stopped coming. For a while, he survived on boxes of macaroni and cheese. Then his agent called to tell him that he got the part of Alex P. Keaton on the situation comedy Family Ties (1982). He starred in the feature films Teen Wolf (1985), High School U.S.A. (1983), Poison Ivy (1985) and Back to the Future (1985).", "Michael J. Fox was born to a Canadian military career officer in Edmonton, Alberta, on June 9, 1961. Making his acting debut on Vancouver television at the age of 15, Fox moved to the United States in 1979 at the age of 18 and lived “the clichéd life of a starving actor,” he has said.", "Like most Canadian kids, Fox loved hockey and dreamed of a career in the National Hockey League. In his teens, his interests expanded. He began experimenting with creative writing and art and played guitar in a succession of rock-and-roll garage bands before ultimately realizing his affinity for acting. Fox debuted as a professional actor at 15, co-starring in the sitcom Leo and Me on Canadian Broadcasting Corp. (CBC) with future Tony Award-winner Brent Carver. Over the next three years, he juggled local theater and TV work, and landed a few roles in American TV movies shooting in Canada. When he was 18, Fox moved to Los Angeles. He had a series of bit parts, including one in CBS' short-lived (yet critically acclaimed) Alex Haley/Norman Lear series \"Palmerstown USA\" before winning the role of lovable conservative Alex P. Keaton on NBC's enormously popular \"Family Ties\" (1982-89). During Fox's seven years on \"Ties,\" he earned three Emmy Awards and a Golden Globe, making him one of the country's most prominent young actors.", "Fox's family lived in various cities and towns across Canada because of his father's career. The family finally moved to the Vancouver suburb of Burnaby, British Columbia, when his father retired in 1971. His father died on January 6, 1990, from a heart attack. Fox attended Burnaby Central Secondary School, and now has a theatre named for him in Burnaby South Secondary. Fox, at age 15, starred in the Canadian television series Leo and Me produced by the CBC, and in 1979, at age 18, he moved to Los Angeles to further his acting career. Shortly after his marriage, he decided to move back to Vancouver. Fox is one of four members of the Leo and Me cast and crew who eventually developed Parkinson's disease in mid-life, an unusually high number that led to some investigation as to whether an environmental factor may have played a role. ", "Michael and his family lived in various cities and towns across Canada , including North Bay, Ontario , because of his father's career in the Canadian Armed Forces . The family finally settled in the Vancouver , British Columbia , suburb of Burnaby when his father, William Fox, retired in 1971 .", "This year, he traveled around the world interviewing optimists for an hour-long special, Michael J. Fox: Adventures of an Incurable Optimist, set to air on ABC May 7. Among his favorite stops was Bhutan, a Himalaya kingdom between India, Tibet and China — \"a tough neighborhood,\" as Fox puts it, where leaders calculate not just the GDP (Gross National Product) but GNH (Gross National Happiness).", "Fox was discovered by producer Ronald Shedlo and made his American television debut in the television film Letters from Frank, credited under the name \"Michael Fox\". He intended to continue to use the name, but when he registered with the Screen Actors Guild, which requires unique registration names to avoid credit ambiguities, he discovered that Michael Fox, a veteran character actor, was already registered under the name. As he explained in his autobiography, Lucky Man: A Memoir and in interviews, he needed to come up with a different name. He did not like the sound of \"Michael A. Fox\" during a time when \"fox\" was coming to mean \"attractive\" and because his middle initial sounded too much like the Canadian \"eh?\" He also didn't like the sound of \"Andrew\" or \"Andy,\" so he decided to adopt a new middle initial and settled on \"J\", as an homage to actor Michael J. Pollard.", "Fox married actress Tracy Pollan on July 16, 1988, at West Mountain Inn in Arlington, Vermont. The couple have four children: son Sam Michael (born May 30, 1989), twin daughters Aquinnah Kathleen and Schuyler Frances (born February 15, 1995), and daughter Esmé Annabelle (born November 3, 2001). Fox holds dual Canadian-US citizenship. On February 28, 2010, Fox provided a light-hearted segment during the 2010 Winter Olympics' closing ceremony in Vancouver, British Columbia, wherein he expressed how proud he is to be Canadian. On June 4, 2010, the city of Burnaby, British Columbia, honoured Fox by granting him the Freedom of the City. Fox and his family reside in Manhattan, New York. ", "* Michael Andrew Fox became Creator/MichaelJFox upon joining the Screen Actor's Guild because there was a very busy character actor called Michael Fox who was already a member. He chose the fake middle initial \"J.\" so no one could make \"Michael, A Fox\" jokes (or [[CanadaEh Canadian \"Eh?\" jokes]]), as well as in tribute to actor Michael J. Pollard.", "Willard Christopher \"Will\" Smith, Jr. (September 25, 1968 (birth time source: Will Power! by Jan Berenson)) is an Academy Award- and Golden Globe-nominated American actor, and a multiple Grammy-winning hip hop artist. He is one of a small group of people who have enjoyed success in three major entertainment media in the United States: film, television, and the music industry. Newsweek has named him the most powerful actor on the planet. Smith's most notable television role was that of William \"Will\" Smith in The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air. In his film work, his notable roles include Agent J in Men in Black and Men in Black II, Muhammad Ali in Ali, as well as his role in the blockbuster Independence Day and more recently as Chris Gardner in The Pursuit of Happyness with his son Jaden Smith....", "Liam Neeson, born on June 7, 1952, in Ballymena, Northern Ireland, began his stage career in the 1970s and during the 1980s appeared in such films as Excalibur (1981), The Mission (1986), Suspect (1987), with Cher, and The Good Mother (1988), with Diane Keaton. Following his performance in Schindler’s List, for which he earned a Best Actor Oscar nomination, Neeson starred in such movies as Rob Roy (1995), Michael Collins (1996) and Star Wars: Episode 1-The Phantom Menace (1999). Among Neeson’s other credits are the director Martin Scorsese’s Gangs of New York (2002), Love Actually (2003), with Hugh Grant; the biopic Kinsey (2004), Batman Begins (2005) and The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, Witch and the Wardrobe (2005).", "Michael J. Fox's first prominent role came on a Canadian sitcom Leo and Me, where he played the main character's 10-year-old tag-along sidekick. Fox was 15 when he landed the part, but so short and baby-faced he easily passed for prepubescent.", "Nicolas Kim Coppola (born January 7, 1964), known professionally as Nicolas Cage, is an American actor, producer and director. He has performed in leading roles in a variety of films, ranging from romantic comedies and dramas to science fiction and action movies. Cage is known for his prolificacy, appearing in at least one film per year, nearly every year since 1980 (with the exception of 1985 and 1991).", "Fox also had time during his busy TV work to become an international film star, appearing in over a dozen features showcasing his keen ability to shift between comedy and drama. These include the Back to the Future trilogy, The Hard Way , Doc Hollywood , The Secret of My Success , Bright Lights , Big City , Light of Day , Teen Wolf , Casualties of War , Life With Mikey , For Love or Money , The American President , Greedy , The Frighteners , and Mars Attacks!", "* Michael J. Fox (Stuart Little in the Stuart Little film series, Milo James Thatch in Atlantis: The Lost Empire)", "Michael J Fox and his wife Tracey Pollan are parents of daughter Aquinnah (and also Schulyer, Sam and Esme).", "While filming Family Ties, Fox met his wife, Tracy Pollan, who portrayed his girlfriend, Ellen. When Fox left the TV series Spin City, his final episodes made numerous allusions to Family Ties: Michael Gross (who played Alex's father Steven) portrays Mike Flaherty's (Fox's) therapist, and there is a reference to an off-screen character named \"Mallory\". Also, when Flaherty becomes an environmental lobbyist in Washington, D.C., he meets a conservative senator from Ohio named Alex P. Keaton, and in one episode Meredith Baxter played Mike's mother.", "His office is opposite Central Park, in the same building as the family home. Fox met his wife, Tracy, on the set of Family Ties , the 1980s sitcom in which she played his on-screen girlfriend. These were the early days of his fame, when he was out partying all the time. When Fox woke up one morning in 1990 and noticed his little finger shaking, he thought it was a side-effect of a hangover. He was in a hotel in Florida, where he was filming Doc Hollywood, and his life in the Hollywood bubble was supposed to be perfect. But he felt miserable.", "Jamie Foxx is an American actor, singer, and comedian. He won an Academy Award for Best Actor, BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role, and Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy, for his work in the 2004 biographical film Ray . The same year, he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in the action film Collateral . Other prominent acting roles include the title role in the film Django Unchained , the super villain Electro in The Amazing Spider-Man 2 , and William Stacks in the 2014 version of Annie .", "Actor and activist: Michael J Fox is an exceptional man as well as an exceptional entertainer Credit: Rex/Everett Collection / Rex Feature", "Fox married his \"Family Ties\" co-star, actress Tracy Pollan, in 1988. Together they have four children. Inspired to find projects that his kids would enjoy, Fox has lent his voice to a variety of hit children's films since the early 1990s. He began as Chance the dog in Disney's Homeward Bound movies. In December 1999, he provided the voice of Stuart Little for the Sony feature of the same name, and in the summer of 2001 Fox's voice was heard as that of the lead in Atlantis The Lost Empire , his first animated feature for The Walt Disney Co.", "Theater marquee in the alternate universe displays this film as starring Eric Stoltz; in our universe Stoltz was replaced by Michael J. Fox in the leading role early in production.", "Michael J. Fox Joined Coldplay on Stage to Play Songs from BACK TO THE FUTURE | Nerdist", "Michael J. Fox plays 17-year-old Marty McFly into his late twenties, having done the first film when he was twenty-three. He also played himself at 47. In Part II, at 28, he played Marty's 17 year old son and similarly aged daughter in the future.", "Harrison Ford was born on July 13, 1942 in Chicago. In the words of Ford himself, there was not one thing unusual about his upbringing. He was a typical product of the Midwest born into a typical middle class family.", "Fox is married to Tracy Pollan, who played his childhood sweetheart on “Family Ties.” The couple has four children and have been married since 1988, a year before “Family Ties” had its finale. Pollan is the sister of the author Michael Pollan who has written bestsellers such as “The Omnivore’s Dilemma” and “In Defense of Food.”", "Image:Ron Howard.jpg Ronald William Howard (born March 1 , 1954 , in Duncan, Oklahoma ) is an American actor , film director and producer of Dutch , Scottish , English , Irish , German and Cherokee Indian descent.", "I meet James Gandolfini in a restaurant one afternoon, a meeting to which he is eventually, after various delays and apologies, nearly three hours late. Gandolfini grew up in a middle-class neighborhood in New Jersey. I ask him what he cared about when he was growing up, and he's immediately waving this, and all the kinds of questions that might follow it, away. \"Nah,\" he says, \"I don't want to talk about that stuff. I'm not that interesting – I'm a character in a show.\"", "Carell played millionaire E.I. du Pont family heir and convicted murderer John Eleuthère du Pont in the 2014 true crime drama film Foxcatcher. Since the film's premiere at the Cannes Film Festival, it has received widespread acclaim and Carell was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Drama and for the Academy Award for Best Actor, both of which he lost to Eddie Redmayne. ", "Chase Carey, the president and chief operating officer of 21st Century Fox, will leave those posts as James takes over, but Carey remain an adviser to the elder Murdoch. Carey signed a two-year contract last June." ]

[ 6.76171875, 5.9921875, 5.8203125, 4.015625, -1.4130859375, -1.6943359375, -1.8291015625, -2.34375, -2.8125, -2.990234375, -3.115234375, -3.12890625, -3.810546875, -4.3203125, -4.62109375, -5.80859375, -6.375, -6.37890625, -6.5546875, -6.6328125, -6.69921875, -7.125, -7.30078125, -7.359375, -7.47265625, -7.7421875, -8.03125, -9.0078125, -9.171875, -9.375, -10.0078125, -10.71875 ]

[ "A 149-minute version of Heaven’s Gate opened in 810 theaters nationwide in April 1981. But audiences ignored it completely, buying $3.4 million in tickets in the United States. Tom Brokaw introduced a segment on Heaven’s Gate for the NBC Nightly News by proclaiming “a $40 million film from an Oscar winning director may be the biggest bomb in Hollywood history.” The loss to United Artists was tabulated at $44 million. Within a month, Transamerica decided it was done with the movie business and sold UA to rival studio MGM. Michael Cimino and Kris Kristofferson were at the Cannes Film Festival in May when the news broke. UA’s new president Norbert Auerbach maintained that while Heaven’s Gate had not been directly responsible for the collapse of the prestigious 62-year-old studio, the movie hadn’t steered UA away from disaster either.", "* January 19 – Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer acquires beleaguered concurrent United Artists. UA was humiliated by the astronomical losses on the $40,000,000 movie Heaven's Gate, a major factor in the decision of owner Transamerica to sell it.", "Auteur Michael Cimino's and United Artists' incomprehensible, over-long epic Western film Heaven's Gate (1980) about Wyoming's Johnson County wars cost almost six times above-budget to produce (from $7.5 million to about $44 million). It was originally a 5-hour 25 minute version that was cut down to 219 minutes for its November, 1980 NYC premiere. The film was immediately pulled, re-cut and then re-released five months later (after being shortened by 70 minutes) in 1981 - and still failed due to bad press. It stunned its studio by becoming the biggest flop in film history at the time (US box-office was about $1.5 million) - it lost at least $40 million. UA's corporate parent, Transamerica, had to sell the studio to MGM for only $350 million as a result. [UA was responsible for earlier hits Midnight Cowboy (1969) , Annie Hall (1977) and the James Bond films.]", "The new leadership of UA agreed to back Heaven's Gate, the pet project of director Michael Cimino which overran its budget and cost $44 million. This led to the resignation of Albeck who was replaced by Norbert Auerbach. United Artists recorded a major loss for the year due almost entirely to the Heaven's Gate fiasco. To Transamerica, it was only a blip on a multibillion-dollar balance sheet, but it soured the relationship forever. To the greater Hollywood community, it also signaled that UA was a company that could no longer produce bankable pictures. The Heaven's Gate fiasco may have saved the United Artists name, as UA's final head before the sale, Steven Bach, wrote in his book Final Cut that there was talk about renaming United Artists to Transamerica Pictures.", "Transamerica then sold United Artists to MGM, which effectively ended the studio's existence. MGM would later revive the name \"United Artists\" as a subsidiary division. While the money loss due to Heaven's Gate was considerable, United Artists was still a thriving studio with a steady income provided by the James Bond, The Pink Panther and Rocky franchises. But many movie insiders have argued that UA was already struggling at the time after the executive walkout in 1978 as well as the box office flops Cruising, Foxes and Roadie, that were released earlier in 1980.", "* November 19 – Heaven's Gate becomes one of the biggest box office bombs of all-time and its colossal failure bankrupted United Artists.", "In 1971, rising Hollywood film director Michael Cimino submitted an original script for Heaven's Gate (then called The Johnson County War) but the project was shelved when it failed to attract big-name talent. In 1979, after two hit films in a row – 1974's Thunderbolt and Lightfoot (filmed in Montana), and on the eve of winning two Academy Awards (Best Director and Best Picture) for 1978's The Deer Hunter – Cimino, now one of the hottest directors in Hollywood, used his \"star power\" to convince United Artists to resurrect the project with Kris Kristofferson, Isabelle Huppert, and Christopher Walken as the three main characters. He was given an initial budget of $11.6 million, but was also provided with carte blanche. ", "MGM proceeded to get back into theatrical distribution in 1981 with its purchase of United Artists, as UA's parent company Transamerica Corporation decided to let go of the studio following the failure of Heaven's Gate. Because of this, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Film Co. was renamed \"MGM/UA Entertainment Company.\"", "Despite his achievement with Deer Hunter, his next project, Heaven's Gate (1980), capsized United Artists with his profligate budget excesses. Subsequently, the words \"Heaven's Gate\" entered filmmaking lexicon as an out-of-control, overbudget production.", "For his next film, Cimino embarked on another mammoth project: Heaven's Gate, a Western epic about a land dispute in Wyoming. Like The Deer Hunter, the film fell behind schedule and over-budget, but unlike Cimino's previous picture, the nearly four-hour Heaven's Gate bombed commercially and critically, becoming among the biggest box office duds in movie history; the film would nearly destroy its studio, United Artists.", "Based on its success, United Artists signed him for “Heaven’s Gate,” a Western based on the Johnson County Wars. Since its founding in 1919, UA had a long tradition of giving creative freedom to filmmakers, from Charlie Chaplin to Billy Wilder to Woody Allen. In 1978, a new United Artists team was in place, after top execs like Arthur Krim battled with parent company Transamerica and defected to form Orion Pictures.", "Though the film had a large box-office take, its cost kept it from being a success and Wayne lost his personal investment. He sold his rights to United Artists, which had released it, and it made back its money.", "In the 1960s, mainstream studios fell into decline and some were acquired or diversified. UA prospered while winning 11 Academy Awards, including five for best picture, adding relationships with the Mirisch brothers, Billy Wilder, Joseph E. Levine and others. In 1961, United Artists released West Side Story, an adaptation of the Leonard Bernstein-Stephen Sondheim stage musical, which won a record ten Academy Awards (including Best Picture).", "In October 1928, he formally merged his film companies FBO and KAO to form Radio-Keith-Orpheum (RKO) and made a large amount of money in the process. Then, keen to buy the Pantages Theatre chain, which had 63 profitable theaters, Kennedy made an offer of $8 million ($102 million today). It was declined. He then stopped distributing his movies to Pantages. Still, Alexander Pantages declined to sell. However, when Pantages was later charged and tried for rape, his reputation took a battering and he accepted Kennedy's revised offer of $3.5 million ($44.5 million today). Pantages himself claimed that Kennedy had \"set him up\", an allegation substantiated by his later vindication at a second trial.", "The film was never released theatrically in the US. But in February 1956, Jack Warner sold the rights to all of his pre-December 1949 films to Associated Artists Productions (which merged with United Artists Television in 1958, and later was subsequently acquired by Turner Broadcasting System in early 1986 as part of a failed takeover of MGM/UA by Ted Turner).", "The financial disaster of Heaven's Gate marking the end of the visionary \"auteur\" directors of the \"New Hollywood\", who had unrestrained creative and financial freedom to develop films. The phenomenal success in the 1970s of Jaws and Star Wars in particular, led to the rise of the modern \"blockbuster\". Hollywood studios increasingly focused on producing a smaller number of very large budget films with massive marketing and promotional campaigns. This trend had already been foreshadowed by the commercial success of disaster films such as The Poseidon Adventure and The Towering Inferno.", "The film earned $2 million in the US and $1 million in Britain on its initial release. It was re-released in Britain in 1945 and made $460,000. ", "Schenck also formed a separate partnership with Pickford and Chaplin to buy and build theaters under the United Artists name. They also began international operations, first in Canada, then in Mexico, and by the end of the 1930s, United Artists was represented in over 40 countries.", "As the larger studios declined in the 1950s, Columbia's position improved. This was largely because it did not suffer from the massive loss of income that the other major studios suffered from the loss of their theaters (well over 90 percent, in some cases). Columbia continued to produce 40-plus pictures a year, offering productions that often broke ground and kept audiences coming to theaters such as its adaptation of the controversial James Jones novel, From Here to Eternity (1953), On the Waterfront (1954), and The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957) with William Holden and Alec Guinness . All three films won the Best Picture Oscar .", "Chaplin was nervous about the film's reception because, by this time, silent films were becoming obsolete, and the preview had undermined his confidence. Nevertheless, City Lights became one of Chaplin's most financially successful and critically acclaimed works. Following the good reception by American audiences, with earnings of $2 million, a quarter of which came from its 12-week run at the Cohan, Chaplin went on a sixteen-date world tour between February and March 1932, starting with a premiere at London's Dominion Theatre on February 27. The film was enthusiastically received by Depression-era audiences, earning $5 million during its initial release. ", "Jock Whitney was the major investor in Selznick International Inc., putting up $870,000 and serving as Chairman of the Board. Jock also put up half the money for the $50,000 option on Margaret Mitchell's novel \"Gone With the Wind,\" then invested more money for the production of both \"Gone With the Wind\" and \"Rebecca,\" Selznick's back-to-back Oscar winners for Best Picture of 1939 and '40. After an unprecedented run of success for an independent, Selznick International was dissolved in 1940 in order to liquidate the profits from the two pictures.", "MGM produced around 50 pictures a year, though it never met its goal of releasing a new motion picture each and every week (It was only able to release one feature film every nine days). Loew's 153 theatres were mostly located in New York, the Northeast, and Deep South; Gone With the Wind had its world premiere at Loew's Grand Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia. A fine reputation was gained for lavish productions that were sophisticated and polished to cater to an urban audience. Still, as the Great Depression deepened, MGM began to economize by \"recycling\" existing sets, costumes, and furnishings from yesteryear projects. This recycling practice never let up once started. In addition, MGM saved money because it was the only one of the big five studios that did not own an off-site movie ranch. Until the mid-1950s, MGM could make a claim its rivals could not: it never lost money, although it did have an occasional disaster like Parnell (1937), Clark Gable's biggest flop. It was the only Hollywood studio that continued to pay dividends during the 1930s.", "As the larger studios declined in the 1950s, Columbia's position improved. This was largely because it didn't suffer from the massive loss of income that the additional major studios suffered from the loss of their theatres (well over 90 percent, in a few cases). Columbia continued to produce 40-plus pictures a year, offering productions that most often broke ground and kept audiences coming to theatres like its adaptation of the controversial James Jones novel, From Here to Eternity (1953), On the Waterfront (1954), and The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957) with William Holden and Alec Guinness . All three films won the Best Picture Oscar .", "It was anything but plain sailing for the Pavilion and there was gloomy speculation of closure after incurring heavy financial losses in 1981. Spared the fate which befell the Queens, Metropole, Empire, Alhambra and Empress Theatres, the 80 years old Pavilion was rescued by James Glasgow and transformed into a modest profit maker. Smash-hit shows with SYDNEY DEVINE; spells from hypnotist ROBERT HALPERN; pantomime with DENNY WILLIS, and one night gigs from the foremost modern television entertainers have kept the cash tills registering.", "Note: In a response to the restrictions of the Production Code, Hollywood turned to the literary classics as the basis for big, dazzling productions to make up for the lack of spicy original material. Most of Tinseltown had weathered the Depression, but only MGM was sufficiently capitalized to display the kind of moxy and risk to undertake two epics based on Dickens: 'David Copperfield' (runner up) and 'A Tale of Two Cities' (seen, but not listed here). On top of that, the studio had Hollywood's most expensive production of the year, \"Mutiny on the Bounty' (runner up) a still entertaining yarn that plays best when Charles Laughton's Captain Bligh is onscreen but less well in the more arid and lifeless patches resulting from Frank Lloyd's staid direction. As it happened, MGM had a hit with all three films. Less prestigious Warner Bros. even managed to undertake a lavish Shakespearean project, 'A Midsummer Night's Dream,' which earns big points for being one of the most beautifully staged and photographed movies ever, even though the acting and narrative direction are very strange indeed.", "Stewart's starring role in Winchester '73 (1950) was also a turning point in Hollywood. Universal Studios, who wanted Stewart to appear in both that film and Harvey (1950), balked at his $200,000 asking price. His agent, Lew Wasserman, brokered an alternate deal, in which Stewart would appear in both films for no pay, in exchange for a percentage of the profits as well as cast and director approval. Stewart ended up earning about $600,000 for Winchester '73 alone. Hollywood's other stars quickly capitalized on this new way of doing business, which further undermined the decaying \"studio system\".", "In 1925, movies were added to the vaudeville, but within a few years, competition from the newer and more sumptuous movie palaces in the Broadway-Times Square area forced Keith-Albee-Orpheum, which was merged into RKO by May 1928, to sell the theatre. Several attempts to use the Hippodrome for plays and operas failed, and it remained dark until 1935, when producer Billy Rose leased it for his spectacular Rodgers & Hart circus musical, Jumbo, which received favorable reviews but lasted only five months due to the Great Depression.", "Hello Joyce, For you, the Dominion, Cherrydown Avenue at Chingford Mount. It was opened in 1935 and was rather swish. As you can see the featured picture was ‘Bright Eyes’ starring Shirley Temple. It was one of a batch of cinemas that was sold to the Classic Cinema chain in 1967 and renamed the Classic Cinema. It closed in 1972 and what’s left of it is now a Poundstretcher shop and offices.", "Milland's success in The Lost Weekend resulted in his contract being rewritten and he became Paramount's highest salaried actor. When the film was premiered across Europe, Milland was sent to attend each opening. When he appeared in Cardiff, the largest city in Wales, he was given the key to the city. ", "Milland's success in The Lost Weekend resulted in his contract being rewritten and he became Paramount's highest salaried actor. When the film was premiered across Europe, Milland was sent to attend each one. When he appeared in Cardiff, the largest city in Wales, he was given the key to the city.", "In 1904, the Warners founded the Pittsburgh-based Duquesne Amusement & Supply Company, to distribute films. In 1912, Harry Warner hired an auditor named Paul Ashley Chase. By the time of World War I they had begun producing films. In 1918 they opened the first Warner Bros. studio on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood. Sam and Jack produced the pictures, while Harry and Albert, along with their auditor and now controller Chase, handled finance and distribution in New York City. During World War I their first nationally syndicated film, My Four Years in Germany, based on a popular book by former ambassador James W. Gerard, was released. On April 4, 1923, with help from money loaned to Harry by his banker Motley Flint, they formally incorporated as Warner Brothers Pictures, Incorporated. (As late as the 1960s, Warner Bros. claimed 1905 as its founding date.) ", "The huge success of \"Ben-Hur\" and Heston's Oscar made him one of the highest-paid stars in Hollywood. He combined big-screen epics like \"El Cid\" and \"55 Days at Peking\" with lesser ones such as \"Diamond Head,\" \"Will Penny\" and \"Airport 1975.\" In his later years he played cameos in such films as \"Wayne's World 2\" and \"Tombstone.\"" ]

[ 1.3974609375, 0.475341796875, -0.158447265625, -0.2998046875, -1.4296875, -1.4521484375, -2.4375, -2.87890625, -3.068359375, -3.1953125, -3.234375, -4.75390625, -5.8671875, -6.390625, -6.8984375, -7.14453125, -7.34375, -7.59375, -7.890625, -8.03125, -8.1640625, -8.328125, -8.328125, -8.46875, -9.234375, -9.875, -10.3671875, -10.640625, -10.703125, -10.7109375, -10.96875, -10.9765625 ]

[ "Love Changes Everything is a song from the musical Aspects of Love, composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber, with a lyric written by Charles Hart and Don Black. It is first sung in the musical by the character Alex Dillingham, which was originated by Michael Ball in both the London and Broadway casts. The song was released as a single in 1989, also sung by Ball, and stayed in the UK singles chart for 14 weeks, peaking at #2 and becoming Ball's signature tune. The song was later featured on Ball's 1992 self titled debut album and Love Changes Everything: The Collection. ", "\"Love changes everything\" tratta dal musical Aspects of Love, di Andrew Lloyd Webber, il primo musical scritto dal celeberrimo compositore subito dopo il grande successo di Phantom of the Opera.", "‘Love changes everything’ from Aspects of Love is weaved throughout the show, and becomes the unifying theme. The Music of Andrew Lloyd Webber was a show filled with love for the composer, his music, show business, and the joy of life.", "In the prologue to Aspects of Love, a young Englishman, Alex, is lovestruck by a French actress, Rose. This upends his world, and he sings that \"Love changes everything ... How you live and / How you die\" for better or for worse. He notes that love \"Makes fools of everyone\" and concludes that, once love strikes, \"Nothing in the / World will ever / Be the same.\" Musically, it is a \"simple, effective three-chord piano-accompanied anthem\". The song became the best-known number from Aspects of Love and it \"delivered yet more proof that Andrew Lloyd Webber could deliver soaring, anthemic ballads\". ", "Aspects of Love originally opened in the West End in 1989 and ran successfully for three years garnering acclaim for what many critics described as Andrew Lloyd Webber’s most romantic score. With lyrics by Don Black (Tell Me on a Sunday, Bombay Dreams) and Charles Hart (The Phantom of the Opera), the show features the songs “Seeing is Believing”, “Anything But Lonely” as well as the international hit “Love Changes Everything”.", "Some surprise then when he announced his next show would be based on an intimate story of romantic entanglements. Aspects of Love opened in April 1989 to sell-out audiences with its most well known track being \"Love Changes Everything\". It ran for 1,325 performances before finally closing on 20th June 1992.", "The first single released from the musical was \"Love Changes Everything\", also sung by Ball. It was a success, peaking at #2 and staying in the UK singles chart for 14 weeks, and has since become his signature song. ", "Grey's Anatomy is an American medical drama television series that premiered on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) as a mid-season replacement on March 27, 2005. The series focuses on the fictional lives of surgical interns, residents, and attendings as they gradually evolve into seasoned doctors, while trying to maintain personal lives and relationships. The title is a play on Gray's Anatomy, a human anatomy textbook by Henry Gray. The show's premise originated with Shonda Rhimes, who serves as an executive producer, along with Betsy Beers, Mark Gordon, Krista Vernoff, Rob Corn, Mark Wilding, and Allan Heinberg. Although the show is set in Seattle at the fictional Grey-Sloan Memorial Hospital (Formerly Seattle Grace-Mercy West) it is primarily filmed in Los Angeles, California. The show was originally titled Complications following the complicated medical procedures and personal lives of the cast. ", "After first being introduced to Kurt Hummel (played by Chris Colfer) as he was being thrown into a dumpster on the series premiere of Glee, the Fox show tackled gay issues big and small, bringing LGBT storylines to the forefront. In 2010, Kurt met the swoontastic (and equally out) Blaine Anderson (Darren Criss), causing the audience to cry \"squee!\" into their Tumblrs and Twitter accounts at the same time. Blaine and the Warblers serenaded Kurt with Katy Perry 's \"Teenage Dream,\" and the Glee cast earned its best single sales week for a download with the song's release (214,000, according to Nielsen SoundScan).", "\"Where Everybody Knows Your Name\" is the theme song from the 1980s television sitcom Cheers . The song was written by Gary Portnoy and Judy Hart Angelo and performed by Portnoy. Shortly after the premiere of Cheers, Gary Portnoy went back into the studio to record a full-length version of the song that made the US and British pop charts. It was not until the release of Portnoy's album, Keeper (2004), that that version was made available on CD (and shortly thereafter on iTunes).", "Married... with Children or Married with Children is an American sitcom about a dysfunctional family living in Chicago that aired for 11 seasons. The show, notable for being the first prime time television series to air on Fox , debuted on April 5, 1987, and aired its final first-run broadcast on June 9, 1997. The series was created by Michael G. Moye and Ron Leavitt . The show was known for handling non-standard topics for the time period, which garnered the then-fledgling Fox network a standing among the Big Three television networks ( ABC , CBS and NBC ). The series' 11-season, 262-episode run makes it the longest-lasting live-action sitcom on the Fox network. The show's famous leitmotif is \" Love and Marriage \" by Frank Sinatra from the 1955 television production Our Town .", "There are numerous shows that tend to pair up two unexpected characters with other. For instance, Pacey Witter and Joey Potter from the drama Dawsons Creek. Pacey and Joey did not like each other at all first, and Joey was in love with her soulmate Dawson Leery, but they eventually fell in love and became a supercouple of the show. Kurt Hummel and Blaine Anderson and Santana Lopez and Brittany Pierce from Glee and are regularly quoted as TV's first LGBTQ powercouples. ", "'You\\'d be hard-pressed to find someone who grew up in the 1980\\'s who can\\'t sing the famous theme song to TV\\'s The Facts of Life. Of course, it wasn\\'t just the show\\'s catchy opening tune that won the affections of the American public for over ten years. Television audiences fell in love with the sitcom\\'s four girls: Blair, Jo, Natalie, and Tootie. At the heart of the show was Charlotte Rae\\'s iconic Edna Garrett, who ruled over the all-girls Eastland School (and beyond...) with a mix...", "At the end of almost all episodes, the show either fades to black or smash cuts to black as period music, or a theme by series composer David Carbonara, plays during the ending credits; at least one episode ends with silence or ambient sounds. A few episodes have ended with more recent popular music, or with a diegetic song dissolving into the credits music. The Beatles authorized the use of \"Tomorrow Never Knows\" for the Season 5 episode \"Lady Lazarus\", and the same track was used over the closing credits. It marked a rare instance where the band licensed their music for a television series. Lionsgate, which produces Mad Men, paid $250,000 for the use of the song in the episode. Bob Dylan's \"Don't Think Twice It's All Right\" ended the last episode of Season 1.", "Murphy has said that he has never seen a High School Musical film, to which Glee has been compared, and that his interest lay in creating a \"postmodern musical\", rather than \"doing a show where people burst into song\", drawing more heavily on the format of Chicago. Murphy intended the show to be a form of escapism. \"There's so much on the air right now about people with guns, or sci-fi, or lawyers running around. This is a different genre, there's nothing like it on the air at the networks and cable. Everything's so dark in the world right now, that's why Idol worked. It's pure escapism,\" he said. Murphy intended to make a family show to appeal to adults as well as children, with adult characters starring equally alongside the teenage leads, and as of October 2009 he had already mapped out plans for the series covering three years of broadcast.", "On December 11, 1967, NBC broadcast a musical-variety special entitled Movin' With Nancy. In addition to the Emmy Award-winning musical performances, the show is famous for Nancy Sinatra and Sammy Davis, Jr. greeting each other with a kiss, one of the first black-white kisses in U.S. television history. [13]", "In 1989, NBC premiered Saved by the Bell, a live-action teen sitcom which originated on The Disney Channel the previous year as Good Morning, Miss Bliss (which served as a starring vehicle for Hayley Mills; four cast members from that show were cast in the NBC series as the characters they originally played on Miss Bliss). Saved by the Bell, despite being given bad reviews from television critics, would become one of the most popular teen series in television history as well as the top-rated series on Saturday mornings, dethroning ABC's The Bugs Bunny and Tweety Show in its first season.", "In the premiere episode of Friends’ third season, Phoebe Buffay stated what millions of others had also believed when she claimed that the most romantic song ever was “the one that Elton John wrote for that guy on Who’s The Boss… ‘Hold me close, young Tony Danza.’” Typically the line is heard as “Hold me closer, Tony Danza…” so we may need Angela to sort this one out.", "One hit wonder? Nope, not for the show or for Berry. Later that year, Anyone Can Fall In Love was released by Anita Dobson, who played Angie Watts in the show and basically sang a ballad over the lyrics over the now-iconic EastEnders theme. Berry had another TV themed hit after leaving the soap, with a 1992 cover of Buddy Holly's Heartbeat, the theme tune to the show of the same name, which reached number 2.", "This is the main plot device of the Korean drama series Secret Garden , in which it turns out that the female lead's dead father engineered a body swap between her and her soulmate, as a part of an elaborate plan to heal her from grief caused by his death, which was caused saving the soulmate's life. The three switch three times over the 20 episodes, each iteration powerfully shifting the complex dynamics between them and with those around them.", "The series' opening theme song \"Those Were The Days\", written by Lee Adams (lyrics) and Charles Strouse (music), was presented in a unique way for a 1970s series: Carroll O'Connor and Jean Stapleton seated at a console or spinet piano (played by Stapleton) and singing the tune on-camera at the start of every episode, concluding with live-audience applause. (The song dates back to the first Justice For All pilot, although on that occasion O'Connor and Stapleton performed the song off-camera and at a faster tempo than the series version.) Several different performances were recorded over the run of the series, including one version that includes additional lyrics. The song is a simple, pentatonic melody (that can be played exclusively with black keys on a piano) in which Archie and Edith wax nostalgic for the simpler days of yesteryear. A longer version of the song was released as a single on Atlantic Records, reaching No. 30 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart early in 1972; the additional lyrics in this longer version lend the song a greater sense of sadness, and make poignant reference to social changes taking place in the 1960s and early 1970s.", "The theme tune of the Soap Opera Eastenders has three different theme tune lyrics, the first entitled \"Anyone Can Fall In Love\" (sung by Anita Dobson, one of the show's actresses), the second entitled \"Glory Be\" (reworked as a hymn and even featured on Songs Of Praise ) and the third entitled \"I'll Always Believe In You\" (sung to the 1993 version of the theme tune).", "Hi! I'm so happy they're doing a remake. I grew up watching this show an Jack Lords was my first crush at 4 yrs old. I'm watching the new show with new eyes. Nothing can ever be remade. Times have changed. Now I watch the show w my lil girl. Crazy. Still think Jack was the man. Never forget your 1st love!", "Paul Feig and Judd Apatow's eighties-set series is to high-school comedy drama what Firefly is to sci-fi adventure, namely, a show held so dear and in such high esteem by its fans that it feels impossible it could have been cancelled after just one season. Cancelled it was  by NBC, a network that, in the words of star Linda Cardellini \"didn't have a clue what to do with it\".", "Family Matters used Ray Charles's \"What a Wonderful World\"...for all of one episode, before switching to an original tune.", "*\"Saving All My Love for You\" also appeared on the third season of the American TV series Everybody Hates Chris.", "Strange Love itself had a spin-off show, titled Flavor of Love, which lasted for three seasons, ending with Flav's announcement that he had found his one true love. Due to the show's great success, it spawned a successful franchise.", "They break up for the first time due to Mr. Big's inability to be emotionally intimate with Carrie. They reunite but split again when Big announces that he is moving to Paris because of work. When he returns to the United States, he and Carrie bump into each other unexpectedly in the Hamptons. Upon his return, Carrie discovers that he is engaged to a young woman named Natasha, who was working for Ralph Lauren in Paris. Unsurprisingly, Carrie struggles to come to terms with Big's decision and moves on, beginning a relationship with Aidan Shaw. However, Carrie cannot put Big behind her and they have an affair, which she confesses to Aidan moments before Charlotte's wedding. Carrie and Big continue a close, sometimes sexual, always flirtatious yet tempestuous friendship until the final episode. Here we witness a romantic display of love and affection when Big whispers the sorely awaited words to Carrie—\"you're the one.\"", "In the episode \"Him\", an unpopular boy uses a magic jacket to make any woman who sees him wearing it fall madly in love with him ; the magic takes effect on Willow, who (after being reminded she's a lesbian) declares that she will \"prove\" her love by turning him into a girl. Fortunately (or un fortunately ), Xander interrupts her before the magic ritual is completed.", "Theme Song: Performed by Sheena Easton (who is the only performer to date to appear on screen)", "This show was consistantly great. Even with the change in cast, Diane - Rebecca, Coach - Woody, it still went on. One small hiccup - Sam and Rebecca trying to have a baby. But they held strong til the end.", "\"All Sparks\" was only used for the televised broadcast of the show's first season. When season 1 was released on DVD, the credits used the opening theme." ]

[ 7.56640625, 5, 4.5, 2.255859375, 2.076171875, 1.939453125, 0.6875, -1.552734375, -2.38671875, -3.216796875, -3.560546875, -4.3515625, -4.4140625, -4.4140625, -4.53125, -4.5859375, -4.6796875, -4.734375, -5.34375, -5.3828125, -5.6953125, -6.03125, -6.19140625, -6.71484375, -6.95703125, -6.95703125, -7.50390625, -7.9296875, -7.96875, -7.96875, -8.6953125, -8.75 ]

[ "It was 1938 and Leonard Slye needed a horse. Not just any horse. His horse had to be fast, well-trained, and handsome. You see, Leonard was a singing cowboy who had just gotten his first leading role in a western movie called “Under Western Stars.” He needed a horse to ride in the movie. Several stables in the Hollywood area sent out horses for Leonard to choose among. After trying out six or seven of them, he rode a golden palomino named “Golden Cloud.” It was love at first ride. He chose Golden Cloud for the movie role but renamed him “Trigger” because of his tremendous speed. Leonard Slye changed his own name, too, and became known as Roy Rogers.", "Roy Rogers (born Leonard Franklin Slye) (November 5, 1911 – July 6, 1998), was a singer and cowboy actor, as well as the founder of the the famous Roy Rogers Restaurants chain. He and his third wife Dale Evans, his golden palomino Trigger, and his German Shepherd Dog, Bullet, were featured in over one hundred movies and The Roy Rogers Show. The show ran on radio for nine years before moving to television from 1951 through 1957. His productions usually featured two sidekicks, Pat Brady, (who drove a jeep called \"Nellybelle\"), and the crotchety Gabby Hayes. Roy's nickname was \"King of the Cowboys\". Dale's nickname was \"Queen of the West.\" For many Americans (and non-Americans), he was the embodiment of the all-American hero. Leonard Slye moved to California at 18 to become a singer. After four years of little success, he formed Sons of the Pioneers, a western cowboy music group, in 1934. The group hit it big with songs like \"Cool Water\" and \"Tumbling Tumbleweeds\". Rogers was an idol for many children through his films and television shows. Most of his films were in color in an era when almost all other B-movies were black-and-white. There were Roy Rogers action figures, cowboy adventure novels, a comic strip, a long-lived Dell Comics comic book series (Roy Rogers Comics) written by Gaylord Du Bois, and a variety of marketing successes.", "Roy Rogers (born Leonard Franklin Slye; November 5, 1911 – July 6, 1998) was an American singer and cowboy actor who was one of the most popular Western stars of his era. Known as the \"King of the Cowboys\", he appeared in over 100 films and numerous radio and television episodes of The Roy Rogers Show. In many of his films and television episodes, he appeared with his wife Dale Evans, his golden palomino Trigger, and his German Shepherd dog Bullet. His show ran on radio for nine years before moving to television from 1951 through 1957. His productions usually featured a sidekick, often Pat Brady, Andy Devine, or George \"Gabby\" Hayes. In his later years, Rogers lent his name to the Roy Rogers Restaurants franchised chain.", "5 Roy Rogers, cowboy actor and singer, born Leonard Slye 1911 (died 1998). Made more than 100 films, many with his horse Trigger (1932-65).", "Roy Rogers (Leonard Franklin Slye) 1911-1998. Life as a kid in that era was often hard. In 1919, the Slye’s purchased a farm in Ohio. There they built a six-room home. Leonard's father soon realized that the farm alone would provide insufficient income for his family, so he took a job at a shoe factory in Portsmouth. He lived there during the week and returned home on the weekends, bearing gifts for the family following paydays. One notable gift was a horse on which Leo", "During the 1930s, he performed regularly in the so-called \"quota quickies\". One of his earliest roles was as the heroic lead in the 1937 film The Last Adventurers. He appeared in the 1942 film In Which We Serve – he also appeared in the Hitchcock film Stage Fright. In 1956, he starred as Detective Inspector Berkeley in one episode of Edgar Lustgarten's drama series, Scotland Yard, \"Person Unknown\". He made a brief appearance in the American film National Lampoon's European Vacation which starred Chevy Chase. In this film, Berkeley played a British man who is involved in a minor road accident with the Griswalds.", "It was sensitive hero types for the new star, predominantly in melodramatic settings. Columbia kept him busy with Fifty Fathoms Deep , Shanghaied Love and That's My Boy . The best of the lot was co-starring opposite Marie Dressler in Emma as a young man who dies in a plane crash en route to save his beloved housekeeper who was accused of murdering his father. His best known role was in the best picture nominee The Lives of a Bengal Lancer in which he received co-star billing alongside Gary Cooper and Franchot Tone . Other significant parts in The Age of Consent , Tom Brown of Culver and This Day and Age . He appeared with a slew of Hollywood's most popular stars, including but not limited to Janet Gaynor , Clara Bow , Jean Arthur , W.C. Fields and Will Rogers .", "Daniels reprised his role as Tonto in Republic's 1939 cliffhanger sequel, THE LONE RANGER RIDES AGAIN. In the picture on the left, Bob Livingston is the fabled Masked Rider of the Plains and Daniels (center) is Tonto. Helping out is Duncan Renaldo (right), who gained fame in the early 1950s as TV's \"Robin Hood of the Old West\", the Cisco Kid.", "Famous for: American actor originally typecast as villains or antiheros in film noir but later branched out into leading and support heroic roles in westerns, mainstream dramas, and horror films among others. Notable roles are Tommy Udo from Kiss of Death, Dude from Yellow Sky, Harry Fabian from Night and the City, Ray Biddle from No Way Out, Jim Bowie from The Alamo, Col. Tad Lawson from Judgment at Nuremberg, Captain Thomas Archer from Cheyenne Autumn, and Ratchet/Cassetti from Murder on the Orient Express as well as countless cowboys, gangsters, police officers, and military men.", "Famous for: American actor who appeared in dozens of films in the 1930s and 1940s, often in swashbucklers and romantic leads. Though largely a matinee idol known for his good looks, from drama to light comedy, sometimes as a romantic lead. Yet, in the 1950s, he began to set limits on the amount of films he made to have time for stage work. Notable roles are Count Axel de Fersen from Marie Antoinette, Ferdinand de Lesseps from Suez, Jesse James, Barton Dewitt Clinton from Rose of Washington Square, Don Diego Vega / Zorro from The Mark of Zorro, Roger “Alexander” Grant from Alexander’s Ragtime Band, Juan Gallardo from Blood and Sand, Jamie Waring from The Black Swan, Larry Darrell from The Razor’s Edge, Stanton Carlisle from Nightmare Alley, Andrea Orsini from Prince of Foxes, Jacob “Jake” Barnes from The Sun Also Rises, and Leonard Vole from Witness to the Prosecution.", "Keaton additionally had a cameo as Jimmy, appearing near the end of the film It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963). Jimmy assists Spencer Tracy 's character, Captain C. G. Culpepper, by readying Culpepper's ultimately-unused boat for his abortive escape. (The restored version of that film, released in 2013, contains a restored scene where Jimmy and Culpeper talk on the telephone. Lost after the comedy epic's \" roadshow \" exhibition, the audio of that scene was discovered, and combined with still pictures to recreate the scene.) Keaton was given more screen time in A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum (1966). The appearance, after it was released after his death, was his posthumous swansong.", "In addition to Mix's riding and shooting skills, the films also showcased the talents of his amazing horse, Tony the Horse . Sound and encroaching middle age were not favorable to Mix, and after making a handful of pictures during the sound era he left the film industry after 1935's serial, The Miracle Rider (1935) (a huge hit for lowly Mascot Pictures, grossing over $1 million; Mix earned $40,000), touring with the Sells Floto Circus in 1930 and 1931 and the Tom Mix Circus from 1936 to 1938. While Mix was a great showman, the combination of the Depression and the high overhead of his traveling shows conspired against his success. Mix developed a comical style, emphasizing fast action thrills to a greater extent than had been common in earlier westerns, and he did his own stunts. He was king of the cowboys during the 1920s and remained popular on radio and in comic books for more than a decade after his death. He died in an auto accident in 1940.", "Republic Pictures released two serials starring the Lone Ranger. The first, released in 1938, utilized several actors playing different men portraying the masked hero, with the true Lone Ranger unknown to the audience until the conclusion; the character played by Lee Powell is ultimately revealed to be the Lone Ranger. The second serial, The Lone Ranger Rides Again, was released in 1939 and starred Robert Livingston. Tonto was played in both by Victor Daniels, billed as Chief Thundercloud.", "'Carry On' director Gerald Thomas recalled Sid's great comedy timing and his generosity as an actor: \"He never resorted to any tricks at all, and he never upstaged anyone. He was a kid at heart. In 'Carry On Cowboy', I'd find him behind the scenery twirling a six-gun and trying to practice a fast draw. And he always liked to gamble. He would run a sweepstake every day based on how many minutes of film we'd shoot.\" The 'Carry On' series of films were hugely popular and each one managed to turn a profit within a month of their release. But the most Sid ever earned from a production was £5,000. Even so, this was around £2,000 more than many of the other actors were getting.", "Stallone's other first few film roles were minor, and included brief uncredited appearances in Woody Allen's Bananas (1971) as a subway thug, in the psychological thriller Klute (1971) as an extra dancing in a club, and in the Jack Lemmon film The Prisoner of Second Avenue (1975) as a youth. In the Lemmon film, Jack Lemmon's character chases, tackles and mugs Stallone, thinking that Stallone's character is a pickpocket. He had his second starring role in The Lords of Flatbush, in 1974. In 1975, he played supporting roles in Farewell, My Lovely; Capone; and Death Race 2000. He made guest appearances on the TV series Police Story and Kojak.", "Vernon (Buster) Wiles, 79, who worked as a movie stuntman in Hollywood and as a double for Errol Flynn. Wiles spent 22 years as a stuntman and 13 years as Flynn's double, appearing in movies including \"The Adventures of Robin Hood,\" \"Objective: Burma,\" and \"They Died with Their Boots On.\" Wiles, who also lived with Flynn for four years, co-wrote the book, \"My Days with Errol Flynn.\" His last film was \"Brass Legend,\" where he doubled for Raymond Burr. On Friday in Portland, Ore.", "Cecil B. DeMille then signed him to appear as the ringmaster in \"The Greatest Show On Earth.\" DeMille also directed Heston in the sweeping Biblical epic \"The Ten Commandments.\" Other credits include \"The Savage,\" \"Ruby Gentry,\" \"The President's Lady,\" \"Pony Express,\" \"Arrowhead,\" \"Bad For Each Other,\" \"The Naked Jungle,\" \"Secret of the Incas\" \"The Far Horizons,\" \"The Private War of Major Benson\" and \"Lucy Gallant,\" all shot between 1952 and 1955.", "The name may have you scratchin' your head a bit while searchin' for your nearby trivia book, but oh...that intimidating face is so familiar. Peter Whitney's over-powering frame, swarthy looks, bushy brows and maniacal look in his eye made him one of the most fearsome character actors to lump around in 40s, 50s and 60s film and TV. Born May 24, 1916 in New Jersey, Peter was of German ancestry and educated at Exeter Academy. He eventually moved to the Los Angeles area and trained with the Pasadena Community Playhouse, gaining valuable experience in summer stock as well. He made a play for films in the early 40s, deciding also to use his wife Adrienne's middle name for his own stage moniker. His real name he felt sounded too German and might be detrimental to his WWII-era career. He and Adrienne went on to have three children. His mammoth features and pudding-like puss reminded one easily of a Charles Laughton without table manners.", "The above blurb on Dice is from the pressbook for SUNDOWN RIDERS (Film Enterprises, 1948) which starred Russell Wade and former Hoppy sidekicks Jay Kirby and Andy Clyde.", "After World War II, DeMille set a new tone for himself when he made Samson and Delilah with Victor Mature and Hedy Lamarr. It was widely viewed as one of the most tasteless American films ever made with its tacky special effects and heavy-breathing sexuality. In 1950, he returned to acting, playing himself in Billy Wilder's acid portrait of Hollywood, Sunset Boulevard. In 1952 he made The Greatest Show on Earth, a film often considered to be the closest movie to a self-portrait that DeMille ever made. It was the first film he made to win an Oscar. The best directing Oscar that year went to John Ford.", "*I. Stanford Jolley as Stover in \"Brand of Courage\" (1958) and as Old Man Shirley in \"Shadow of Jesse James\" (1960)", "Other stars in westerns were Wallace Beery who memorably portrayed a Mexican revolutionary in Viva Villa! (1934), Barbara Stanwyck (in her first-ever western) as the famous markswoman in George Stevens' fictionalized Annie Oakley (1935) - the director's first western, and Randolph Scott in an early large-scale version of the French and Indian War (during America's colonial period) in the film adaptation of James Fenimore Cooper's The Last of the Mohicans (1936). Producer/director Cecil B. De Mille's stylish but historically imaginative The Plainsman (1937) starred Gary Cooper and Jean Arthur as Wild Bill Hickok and Calamity Jane respectively, attracting a wider audience. The film impressively recreated the Battle of the Little Big Horn, shot on location in Montana with thousands of Native-Americans as extras. Two years later, DeMille filmed a spectacular version of the building of the transcontinental railroad, Union Pacific (1939).", "At other studios Tryon played the same silly character, including one named \"Jimmy Chase\" in a Universal programmer entitled DAMES AHOY! (1930). With the exception of his credit on Olsen & Johnson's HELLZAPOPPIN' (1941), Glenn Tryon continued acting, directing, writing and producing on light, low budget, routine films, including several streamliners back at Roach in the early 1940s. He died in 1970 at age 75.", "At mid-century (1950), Randolph Scott was the top male movie star at U.S. box offices—not because he appeared in big blockbusters, but because his lower-budget and sometimes formulaic westerns played well in rural America.  Like Joel McCrea, he had always done some westerns ( Last of the Mohicans [1936] , Frontier Marshal , Jesse James ) but in the 1930s he played a wide range of roles.  In larger-scale westerns ( Western Union , Virginia City ), he tended to play an unusually principled semi-bad guy who didn’t get the girl because he died before the end of the movie.", "Moore also starred in a number of films for Republic Pictures as well as two \"Lone Ranger\" films in 1956 and 1958. He was born in 1914 in Chicago and was part of a flying trapeze act in a traveling circus. He moved to Hollywood in 1938, worked as a stuntman and extra and played the bad guy in some films with Roy Rogers and Gene Autry.", "Capra co-founded his production company, Liberty Films, with Samuel Briskin, the former production head at Columbia pictures, in April 1945, just before production of It’s a Wonderful Life. Within months, George Stevens (Shane) and William Wyler (The Best Years of Our Lives) had become partners, forming a “liberty” rebellion against the studio system, reflected in George Bailey’s battle against Mr. Potter.", "The film was the first collaboration between Gene Wilder and Richard Pryor. Pryor was a writer, and the original choice for \"Black Bart\" in the Mel Brooks film Blazing Saddles, which also starred Wilder. The two later went on to make Stir Crazy, See No Evil, Hear No Evil, and Another You.", "Vincent Leonard Price, Jr. (May 27, 1911 – October 25, 1993) was an American actor, well known for his distinctive voice and performances in horror films. His career spanned other genres, including film noir, drama, mystery, thriller, and comedy. He appeared on stage, television, radio, and in over one hundred films. He has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame: one for motion pictures, and one for television.", "Ebsen made his TV series debut in the 1950s for ABC's \"Disneyland: The Adventures of Davy Crockett,\" playing Fess Parker's sidekick, George Russel, a role he recreated for two Davy Crockett motion pictures. In the late '50s, he played veteran Indian fighter Hunk Marriner on NBC's short-lived frontier adventure series \"Northwest Passage.\"", "Bob Livingston's real name was Robert Edgar Randall, and he had a brother named Jack Randall (real name: Addison Owen Randall) who also was a cowboy star in some oaters for Monogram Pictures in the late 1930s and early 1940s.", "He worked with Ken during the 20's and 30's in films and into the 40's in a circus tour.", "A 2-page booking ad from Universal Studios features a promotion for MOONLIGHT AND CACTUS (1944), costarring Shemp Howard, appeared in this edition of the daily trade.  (This was Shemp's final project during his 3 year contract at Universal, 1940 - 1943.)" ]

[ 2.2421875, 1.984375, 1.955078125, -1.29296875, -3.75, -5.4609375, -5.76953125, -6.30859375, -6.4765625, -6.48828125, -6.65625, -6.734375, -6.8125, -6.84375, -7.1484375, -7.19140625, -7.4609375, -7.69921875, -7.9140625, -7.98828125, -8.1015625, -8.2109375, -8.5703125, -8.59375, -9.1796875, -9.1875, -9.2421875, -9.3203125, -9.6484375, -9.90625, -10.0625, -10.3046875 ]

[ "The Deer Hunter is a 1978 American epic war drama film co-written and directed by Michael Cimino about a trio of Russian American steelworkers and their service in the Vietnam War. The film stars Robert De Niro, Christopher Walken, John Savage, John Cazale (in his final role), Meryl Streep, and George Dzundza. The story takes place in Clairton, a small working class town on the Monongahela River south of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and then in Vietnam and in Saigon, during the Vietnam War.", "*The Deer Hunter, directed by Michael Cimino, starring Robert De Niro, John Cazale, John Savage, Christopher Walken, Meryl Streep", "THE DEER HUNTER, directed by Michael Cimino; screenplay by Deric Washburn; story by Michael Cimino, Deric Washburn, Louis Garfinkle, and Quinn K. Redeker; director of photography, Vilmos Zsigmond; production consultant, Joann Carelli; art directors, Ron Hobs and Kim Swados; editor, Peter Zinner; music by Stanley Myers; produced by Barry Spikings, Michael Deeley, Michael Cimino, and John Peverall; released by Universal studios. At the Coronet Theater, 59th Street and Third Avenue. Running time: 183 minutes. This film is rated R.", "Winner of five Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director, The Deer Hunter is simultaneously an audacious directorial conceit and one of the greatest films ever made about friendship and the personal impact of war. Like Apocalypse Now, it's hardly a conventional battle filmthe soldier's experience was handled with greater authenticity in Platoonbut its depiction of war on an intimate scale packs a devastatingly dramatic punch. Director Michael Cimino may be manipulating our emotions with masterful skill, but he does it in a way that stirs the soul and pinches our collective nerves with graphic, high-intensity scenes of men under life-threatening duress. Although Russian-roulette gambling games were not a common occurrence during the Vietnam war, they're used here as a metaphor for the futility of the war itself. To the viewer, they become unforgettably intense rites of passage for the best friendsPennsylvania steelworkers played by Robert De Niro, John Savage, and Oscar winner Christopher Walkenwho may survive or perish during their tour through a tropical landscape of hell. Back home, their loved ones must cope with the war's domestic impact, and in doing so they allow The Deer Hunter to achieve a rare combination of epic storytelling and intimate, heart-rending drama. Jeff Shannon", "Washington (AFP) - Michael Cimino, who directed the Oscar-winning Vietnam War film \"The Deer Hunter\" but then saw his career fade with a big-money box office flop, died at the age of 77.", "Michael Cimino, director of the Oscar-winning Vietnam-era film \"The Deer Hunter,\" has died at the age of 77 (AFP Photo/Gabriel Bouys)", "The Deer Hunter's origins are convoluted. In the late 1960s, an entirely non-Vietnam-related script about a man who plays Russian roulette came to the attention of producer Michael Deeley, who liked the concept but felt it needed more context. He eventually hired writer-director Michael Cimino to revise the screenplay and make the film, and Cimino brought on Deric Washburn, with whom he'd co-written Silent Running (1972), to assist. Cimino and Washburn worked on the new script for six years, which was just as well: nobody wanted to make a Vietnam movie during that time anyway.", "In 1979, director Michael Cimino was at the height of his powers. Having just won five Oscars for his finely-honed, controversial Vietnam film The Deer Hunter, Cimino suddenly found himself in the enviable position of being able to make just about any project he wanted. The film he chose to pursue was based on the Johnson County War, a moment in 19th century American history where the conflict between settlers and wealthy landowners was at its height.", "The praise: The Deer Hunter won five Oscars, including Best Picture, director, supporting actor (Christopher Walken), editing, and sound. There were also nominations for best actor (Robert De Niro), supporting actress (Meryl Streep), cinematography, and original screenplay. It was ranked 79th on the American Film Institute's 1998 list of the best movies of all time, and moved up to 53rd on the 2007 revised list.", "The film won five Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director for Michael Cimino, and Best Supporting Actor for Christopher Walken, and was named by the American Film Institute as the 53rd greatest American film of all time in the 10th Anniversary Edition of the AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies list. In 1996, The Deer Hunter was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\". ", "Evocative and distressing in equal measure, The Deer Hunter is often hailed by the critics as an American epic in the same class as The Godfather films. In an iconic, exuberant opening section, a tight-knit group of Russian-American friends celebrate together, looking forward to enlisting in the Vietnam war. The ensuing action shows, in another string of iconic scenes involving gambling halls and Russian roulette, what war does to them. With a memorable soundtrack including Frankie Valli and a theme played by classical guitar legend John Williams, and a stellar cast featuring Robert De Niro, Christopher Walken, Meryl Streep and John Cazale, The Deer Hunter picked up four Oscars.", "Directors Guild of America president Paris Barclay also issued a statement on the news late on Saturday: “With his visionary approach and attention to every detail, Michael Cimino is forever etched in the history of filmmaking. In his most iconic work, the DGA and Academy Award-winning film ‘The Deer Hunter,’ Michael captured the horrors of war through a personalized lens – captivating a nation in the process.”", "Michael Cimino photographed directing Robert De Niro in \"The Deer Hunter\" (left) and at Sardi's in Manhattan (1979). (Photo Illustration. Source: Getty Images)", "Michael Cimino, the American award-winning filmmaker best known for his Vietnam War classic “The Deer Hunter,” has died at the age of 77.", "1978: \"The Deer Hunter\" starring Robert De Niro, Christopher Walken and Meryl Streep premieres and proceeds to win Best Picture.", "During the production of The Deer Hunter, Cimino had given co-workers (such as cinematographer Vilmos Zsigmond and associate producer Joann Carelli) the impression that much of the storyline was biographical, somehow related to the director's own experience and based on the lives of men he had known during his service in Vietnam. Just as the film was about to open, Cimino gave an interview to The New York Times in which he claimed that he had been \"attached to a Green Beret medical unit\" at the time of the Tet Offensive of 1968. When the Times reporter, who had not been able to corroborate this, questioned the studio about it, studio executives panicked and fabricated \"evidence\" to support the story. Universal Studios president Thom Mount commented at the time, \"I know this guy. He was no more a medic in the Green Berets than I'm a rutabaga.\" Tom Buckley, a veteran Vietnam correspondent for the Times, corroborated that Cimino had done a stint as an Army medic, but that the director had never been attached to the Green Berets. Cimino's active service – six months while a student at Yale in 1962 – had been as a reservist who was never deployed to Vietnam. Cimino's publicist reportedly said that the filmmaker intended to sue Buckley, but Cimino never did.", "The Deer Hunter was the first significant film made about the Vietnam War as America was struggling to recover from the traumatic experience of the conflict. The film examines the emotional and psychological effects of the war on a group of friends and their loved ones. The story is about three Russian-American steelworkers from a small Pennsylvania town who enlist in the U.S. Army to serve in Vietnam. During the war, all three are captured and sent to a brutal Vietcong prison where they endure appalling conditions. The Deer Hunter is a haunting and unforgettable experience. The Russian roulette scenes, while controversial, have become iconic in popular culture. This brilliant film touches upon, not only the horrors U.S. troops experienced in Vietnam, but also the struggles veterans endured after returning home. Film critic Roger Ebert called it, “One of the most emotionally shattering films ever made.” The Deer Hunter went on to win five Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Supporting Actor (Christopher Walken). The American Film Institute ranked The Deer Hunter #53 in its list of the 100 greatest movies of all time.", "Correction: Our obituary of Michael Cimino (July 16th) claimed that the town of Clairton, Pennsylvania, setting of “The Deer Hunter”, was fictional. Not so; it is a real and thriving place on the Monongahela river. Our apologies.", "The Deer Hunter was Cimino's first film to use Dolby noise-reduction system. \"What Dolby does,\" replied Cimino, \"is to give you the ability to create a density of detail of sound—a richness so you can demolish the wall separating the viewer from the film. You can come close to demolishing the screen.\" The film took five months to mix the soundtrack. One short battle sequence—200 feet of film in the final cut—took five days to dub. Another sequence recreated the 1975 American evacuation of Saigon; Cimino brought the film's composer, Stanley Myers, out to the location to listen to the auto, tank, and jeep horns as the sequence was being photographed. The result, according to Cimino: Myers composed the music for that scene in the same key as the horn sounds, so the music and the sound effects would blend with the images to create one jarring, desolate experience.", "* The Deer Hunter was the genesis of a track on the comedy album Bob & Doug McKenzie: The Great White North (1981) titled \"The Beerhunter\". It's a beer-drinking game where one takes a beer out of six-pack, shakes it, and mixes it up with the other beers. Everyone takes one of the beers and holds it to their head: Russian roulette with beer. Those that don't get their head soaked drink the beer. Bob was tricked by Doug into opening the shaken can. He makes a wethead three times on the album.", "/19790309/REVIEWS/903090301/1023 \"The Deer Hunter\"]. Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2010-04-30. Gene Siskel from the Chicago Tribune praised the film, saying, \"This is a big film, dealing with big issues, made on a grand scale. Much of it, including some casting decisions, suggest inspiration by The Godfather.\" Leonard Maltin also gave the film four stars, calling it a \"sensitive, painful, evocative work\". Vincent Canby of the New York Times called The Deer Hunter \"a big, awkward, crazily ambitious motion picture that comes as close to being a popular epic as any movie about this country since The Godfather. Its vision is that of an original, major new filmmaker.\"Canby, Vincent (December 15, 1978). [http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?_r", "Christopher Walken won a Best Supporting Actor Oscar for his role in which film? The Deer Hunter", "Origins:   The 1978 film The Deer Hunter is a powerful, disturbing, and compelling look at the Vietnam War through the lives of three friends before, during, and after their service in the war. In one of its most memorable scenes, Vietnamese captors wager on the fate of American soldiers forced to play Russian roulette, a game of chance in which the player points a gun housing only one bullet at his own", "Once the war was really, truly over, it took a few years for America to collect its thoughts and for Hollywood to catch up. The Deer Hunter, released in December 1978, was the first big-studio film to have combat scenes set in Vietnam, and one of the first two films to be critical of America's involvement in the war. The other was Coming Home, released in February 1978 and dealing with a paralyzed veteran who now opposes the war. While Coming Home got solid reviews, it didn't make waves at the box office until almost a year later, when it was nominated for several Oscars -- as was The Deer Hunter. (Peter Biskind, a wonderful historian of 1970s cinema, wrote a terrific article for Vanity Fair a few years ago talking about these two Vietnam-related films competing at the Academy Awards.)", "Perhaps the most nihilistic film to emerge from America’s darkest period of filmmaking, The Deer Hunter teaches us that there really is nothing out there. No salvation, no redemption. For all the joy we may think we have, the world can still totally break us. The Deer Hunter is the rare war film that transcends its subject and becomes about the tragedy of the human condition – that our capacity for love is not always enough to save our friends, and we too may be ruined in the process.", "* The 1978 film The Deer Hunter features three US soldiers who are captured during the Vietnam War and forced to play Russian roulette as their captors gamble on the results. Their captors demand an especially brutal variation of the game: the game is played until all but one contestant is killed. The game takes place in a bamboo room above where the other prisoners are held, so that the losers' blood drips down on future contestants. Several teen deaths following the movie's release caused police and the media to blame the film's depiction of Russian roulette, saying that it inspired the youths. ", "The 1978 film The Deer Hunter and the 1980 book America in Vietnam changed the way Americans saw the Vietnam War.", " 1978 The Deer Hunter (music: \"Nocturne No. 6 in G Minor, Opus 15-3\" (1833) - uncredited)", "Coming out at just the right time, The Deer Hunter (1978) does go on a bit long. However, it does have great scenes including a wedding scene to inspire all wedding scenes, and, of course, Russian Roulette.", "The three friends, all of Russian extraction, are Mike (Robert DeNiro), Nick (Christopher Walken) and Steve (John Savage). Mike is the one who calls the tune for his friends. To the extent that any one of them has an interior life, it is Mike, a man who makes a big thing about hunting, about bringing down a deer with one shot. More than one shot apparently isn't fair. As codes go this one is not great, but it is his own.", "The soundtrack to The Deer Hunter was released on audio CD on October 25, 1990.[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00000DR9S \"The Deer Hunter: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack\"]. Amazon.com. Retrieved 2010-12-25.", "His final scene in film ended with \"God Bless You\" The Hunter (1980). He died shortly after the film's release." ]

[ 9.4921875, 7.0234375, 6.87109375, 6.32421875, 6.140625, 5.4609375, 5.15234375, 4.625, 4.55859375, 3.96875, 3.923828125, 3.857421875, 3.185546875, 2.974609375, 2.12109375, 1.2685546875, 1.189453125, 0.35693359375, -0.29541015625, -0.521484375, -1.4169921875, -1.46484375, -1.4833984375, -1.8115234375, -3.095703125, -3.109375, -3.498046875, -4.0390625, -4.5234375, -5.11328125, -5.8359375, -7.83984375 ]

[ "Laa-laa – One of the four Teletubbies from the BBC Childrens TV series. Laa-laa is coloured yellow with a curly antenna on her head.", "The Laa-Laa doll is the third Teletubby, and is yellow in color. She has a curly antenna on her head, and carries a large orange ball. She loves to sing, play with the other Teletubbies, and is very smart. She is somewhat silly, but is very serious when it comes to looking out for the other Teletubbies. Laa-Laa dolls are found in a variety of sizes, and can be talking-or non-talking varieties.", "Laa-Laa is a yellow Teletubby with a curly antenna (Which NF draws as a lightning-bolt shaped thing) and light yellow palms. She has brown eyes.", "Laa-Laa (played by Nikky Smedley) is the third Teletubby. She is yellow, and has a curly antenna. She likes to sing and dance, and is often seen to look out for the other Teletubbies. Her favourite thing is a bouncy, orange ball, which is almost as big as she is.", "Laa Laa and Po are asleep until the Noo Noo wakes them up and a Voice Trumpet comes up and sings Red . The Magic Windmill starts to spin and the Teletubbies watch some children explore the color red. Po is sleeping and the Noo-Noo goes by. She wakes up when a voice trumpet starts singing about red. She makes some adjustments on the switch panel and all the lights change to rosy red. She continues to sing Red and the flowers and clouds turn rosy red until the Magic Windmill stops spinning for Tubby Bye-Bye.", "Laa Laa and Po are asleep until the Noo Noo wakes them up and a Voice Trumpet comes up and sings Red . The Magic Windmill starts to spin and the Teletubbies watch some children explore the color red. Po is sleeping and the Noo-Noo goes by. She wakes up when a voice trumpet starts singing about red. She makes some adjustments on the switch panel and all the lights change to rosy red. She continues to sing Red and the flowers and clouds turn rosy red until the Magic Windmill begins to spin. And Po runs off to join the other Teletubbies and the Magic House appears in Teletubbyland and they watch The Puppet singing in the top right window. Afterwards, The Magic Windmill stops spinning, after that, the camera cuts to the scene of Tubby Bye Bye where it ends the episode.", "Color me purple dipsy green la yellowthe mixture Movies dialogue,the similarity between this is blog Selection of which have a word for having One that has stuck is thethe names and colors Yellow and teletubbies, both of non-verbal dialogue,the similarity between this blog , british word for But a bussiness lic Online shopping for winky, dipsy, laa-laa A little soft, but a bussiness lic shows , , blue, black and official teletubbies names entertainment Of thewhat are view the having tvs Called po what are tinky-winky Word for have a bussiness lic willa hine had the four Laa-laa, and names names, companies, keywords characters The keywords, characters friend of occasionally, different color purple green Teletubbieswhat are teletubbiesjul , m shapes Called po colorname i Purple dipsy green teletubbies presidents are tinky-winky, dipsy, laa-laa, and colorname Teletubbys red teletubbys red teletubbys red teletubbys name Genders pictures and for having tvs Characters willa hine standard pack M decided to which have Jun , help eddie color purple Ask any generalwhat are the teletubbiesjul reasonablyaug British word for ofi had the -yellowtv shows and dogcontrasts are tinky-winky Image is thethe names names", "Laa Laa is the kindest and most caring out of the Teletubbies, looking out for them. She is the second victim the player finds. She is dressed in yellow cloth and has a spring-like object as an antenna. Laa Laa is found near the lake, and is laying on the floor, bloodied and bruised. Beside her is another custard. Approaching her, which is necessary to grab the custard, results in her rising up and jumpscaring the player; which may suggest she was never killed in the first place, just severely injured. Afterwards, however, she will lay back down, meaning she most likely died of blood loss. If the player approaches her after this event, she will not raise back up again.", "TMB with L1(red), L2 (lilac), L3 (green), L4 (yellow), L5 (blue), L9 (orange), L10 (light blue) and L11 (light green).", "Laa-Laa is known as the best singer of all the Teletubbies, a total girly-girl, \"Drama queen\", party-girl, and motherly type. She likes playing with her ball and enjoys watching Magical Events. She likes playing smart and is a great friend to the Teletubbies. Her ball is almost as big as she is. She likes singing and dancing and doing ballet in the skirt and goes \"Laa-Laa-Li-Laa-Li-Laa-Li-Laa\" to herself, hence the name Laa-Laa. When Laa Laa gets frustrated she sometimes shouts a rather strange word \"BIBBALYCHEESE\" . She is often seen to look out for the other Teletubbies. She is a silly and cute tubby, and most of the times she has a cheerful personality. She is as intelligent as Tinky Winky and Dipsy and Po . She knows where places are and likes playing with the other Teletubbies. She also enjoys dancing in her free time. Laa-Laa often hangs out with Po and Dipsy and even occasionally Tinky Winky. She once saved Dipsy's Hat from being blown away by the wind. Laa-Laa is 8 feet and 6 inches tall. She is the second smallest after Po.", "\"Laa-Laa is the second smallest Teletubby. She is the happiest and most smiley of the Teletubbies. She too loves to sing and dance. Her favorite word is 'nice'. Laa-Laa loves the way her ball bounces and wobbles and grows bigger and smaller. Laa-Laa always likes to know where all of the Teletubbies are. She has her own special La-la-la-la-la song.\"", "Actually, the color is officially declared to be \"blue\". However, it can be any kind of blue - light, cyan or whatever shade, so long as it's 'blue' and have the 'magen david' sign in between the lines.", "(ca. 1960s)^ - Stewardesses from Pacific Southwest Airlines pose in front of an L-1011 TriStar engine to promote their new uniforms of cotton-candy pink, tangelo red, and pumpkin orange; designed to match the colored stripes of PSA's \"Smiling Aircrafts\". Taken at Hollywood-Burbank Airport.", "The red component of color television cathode ray tubes is typically emitted from an yttria () or yttrium oxide sulfide () host lattice doped with europium (III) cation (Eu3+) phosphors.Emsley 2001, p. 497 says that \"Yttrium oxysulfide, doped with europium (III), is used as the standard red component in colour televisions\", and Jackson and Christiansen (1993) state that 5–10 g yttrium oxide and 0.5–1 g europium oxide are required to produce a single TV screen, as quoted in Gupta and Krishnamurthy. The red color itself is emitted from the europium while the yttrium collects energy from the electron gun and passes it to the phosphor. Yttrium compounds can serve as host lattices for doping with different lanthanide cations. Tb3+ can be used as a doping agent to produce green luminescence.", "Rugged and functional, the “500-type” desk telephone of 1952 and its wall counterpart of 1956, were, and still are for some, extremely popular and widely used. Telephones became decorative household items in 1955 when they became available in four different colours (green, ivory, grey, and red).", "On January 10th 1970, at a conference in Mexico City, Adidas presented three balls: one black and white, one pure white and one pure orange. The black and white one was selected as the official ball of the 1970 World Cup. It was called “Telstar”, coming from the union of two words: television and star. It was said at that time, that this combination and contrast would amplify the visibility of the balls on both colour and black and white televisions, given that the Mexican World Cup was the first World Cup to be broadcast on TV world wide. Telstar was also the name of the satellite which was used in the TV transmissions of this World Cup. This “coincidence” could also be the hypothetical influence which inspired Adidas in selecting the name Telstar. Whatever the true origin of the name, the new Adidas ball represented a real revolution in the manufacturing of footballs.", "The Teletubbies are at the stage of understanding speech but not yet fully capable of repeating it, exactly like their target audience. They often simply groan in anger in times where a human toddler would throw a tantrum. The Teletubbies' catch-phrases are \"Eh-oh\" ( hello ), as in: \"Eh-oh, Laa-Laa\", to which Laa-Laa will respond, \"Eh-oh, (other Teletubby's name)\", \"Uh-oh\", a common response to anything that's not good, \"Run away! Run away!\", especially from Dipsy, and \"Bye-bye\" at least four times in a row. Laa-Laa, when flustered, will explode with \"Bibberly cheese!\", which is as angry as the Teletubbies get. But perhaps the most common exclamation is \"Big hug!\" which one or more of the Teletubbies will call for during the course of an episode, resulting in a big group hug. Their diet is mainly of \"Tubby Tustard\" (which is sucked through a circular straw) and \"Tubby Toast\". They are very messy eaters. In one episode, \"The Tubby Toaster\", the machine that makes Tubby Toast went seriously wrong and filled the Teletubbies' house with toast. Fortunately, one of their companions is Noo-Noo, a vacuum cleaner . Machines like Noo-Noo,the voice trumpets, and the televisions in the Teletubbies' stomachs were designed to show small children, who are born into a world surrounded by strange and powerful electronic gadgets, that technology is benevolent and helpful, not something to be afraid of. [2]", "This was the first World Cup to use the Telstar ball from Adidas, introduced as the Telstar Erlast for the 1968 European Football Championship. The Telstar was the first World Cup ball to use the now-familiar truncated icosahedron for its design, consisting of 12 black pentagonal and 20 white hexagonal panels. The 32-panel configuration had been introduced in 1962 by Select Sport, and was also used in the official logo for the 1970 World Cup. The black-and-white pattern, to aid visibility on black and white television broadcasts, was also well established before the Telstar. The name came from the Telstar communications satellite, which was roughly spherical and dotted with solar panels, somewhat similar in appearance to the football.", "Ironically, AT&T never consider the originally version with three fingers to be proprietary, and  never applied for a trademark on the logo. This was the first of several legal blunders AT&T made regarding trademarks.  Later, as various Telco publishers adopted variations of the logo, they then trademarked their versions.  Realizing the error of their ways, right before its breakup, the Bell System made one final attempt to apply for a trademark on the original logo, which was denied on the grounds that it “had become a generic indicator of the yellow pages without regard to any particular source.”", "Laa Laa's antenna is a SPIRAL (see also a circle) and ROD: Ancient symbol of the goddess, the womb, fertility, feminine serpent force, continual change, and the evolution of the universe. Notice how the spiral (female) and the rod (male) are combined in La-Las antenna. (Because the spiral has become such a popluar symbol, we plan provide a link to a page full of interesting spirals.)", "Telstar, provided by Adidas, was the official match ball of 1970 FIFA World Cup and 1974 FIFA World Cup held in Mexico and West Germany. It was painted with black and white panels so it was more visible on black-and-white television, and hence its name which is short for television star. Telstar was also a series of TV satellites, providing intercontinental live coverage also of football games.", "Collection of thewhat are from little soft, but colors Of which have a different color Name the name teletubbies certain legs Popularity help eddie color", "For the 1970 FIFA World Cup, Adidas introduced the Telstar. Like all other balls in its time, the Adidas Telstar was completely made of leather; however, unlike any other ball it featured 32 hand-stitched panels (12 black pentagons and 20 white hexagons), creating the now-familiar truncated icosahedron for its design and the roundest sphere of its time.", "they were maintained. Despite liking certain features of the stainless steel designs introduced from the 1980s , such as the fact that they were lighter, more airy and more accessible for people with disabilities than the traditional style, customers felt that there was still room for improvement. Popular opinion was that the square shape seemed clinical and that something softer and more rounded would be preferable. The colour of the phonebox itself, particularly the roof, had to satisfy a number of requirements, in particular it had to be practical to keep clean and bright enough for customers with visual impairments.", "A diagram of the 3-gun Telechrome television picture tube. Three colour reproduction was by means of three electron beams acting on a screen. The screen was coated with phosphors which emitted the three colour bands as required.", "In one scene, apparently set in the very early 70's, there is a shot of Hughie Green's home telephone. The phone showed is a leather-clad \"Rhapsody\" telephone. These telephones were not available in the 70's. See more »", "1954 - Radio Corporation of America (RCA) began commercial production of TV sets that were equipped to receive programs in living color. To buy one of those huge sets, television buyers spent $1,000 -- and more.", "In Japan, NHK and NTV introduced color television, using a variation of the NTSC system (called NTSC-J) on September 10, 1960, making it the first country in Asia to introduce color television. The Philippines (1966) and Taiwan (1969) also adopted the NTSC system.", "Telephone companies began encouraging the producers of television shows and movies to use the 555 prefix for fictional telephone numbers by the 1960s. Two early examples include The Second Time Around (1961), which used 555-3485, and Panic in Year Zero! (1962), which used 555-2106. In television shows made or set in the mid-1960s or earlier, \"KLondike 5\" or \"KLamath 5\" reflects the old convention for telephone exchange names.", "In most applications, use parentheses followed by a space: (914) 395-2220. For 800 and other toll free numbers, use dashes: 1-800-555-1212.", "Obviously, Bell’s invention wouldn’t help much if someone had to make a call at night, but the recent blossoming of Light Emitting Diode (LED) technology is enabling hams today to shoot a beam of concentrated light over many miles of “line of sight” territory.  Because the thin beam of laser light is degraded by scintillation (“twinkling”) when propagated through a lot of atmosphere, LEDs are actually a superior transmitting tool.", "For Los Angeles residents, five LNB Dish and H20 or HR20 model DIRECTV HD Receiver are needed to receive KTLA. Current customers call 800-531-5000 to upgrade." ]

[ 6.95703125, 6.28125, 6.2109375, 5.51953125, 2.986328125, 2.646484375, 2.455078125, 0.9931640625, -2.291015625, -2.294921875, -2.61328125, -3.091796875, -3.48046875, -3.68359375, -4.08203125, -4.45703125, -4.48828125, -4.9296875, -4.96875, -5.2265625, -6.31640625, -6.34765625, -7.796875, -8.9453125, -9.3359375, -10.140625, -10.875, -10.96875, -11.015625, -11.03125, -11.0390625, -11.0390625 ]

[ "Clinton was elected President in 1992, defeating incumbent George H. W. Bush. At age 46, Clinton was the third-youngest president, and the first from the Baby Boomer Generation. Clinton presided over the longest period of peacetime economic expansion in American history, and signed into law the North American Free Trade Agreement. After failing to pass national health care reform, the Democratic House was ousted when the Republican Party won control of the Congress in 1994, for the first time in 40 years. Two years later, Clinton became the first Democrat since Franklin D. Roosevelt to be elected President twice. Clinton passed Welfare Reform and the State Children's Health Insurance Program, providing health coverage for millions of children. He was reelected to a second term in 1996.", "Clinton ran for re-election in 1996 and defeated U.S. Senator Bob Dole (1923-) of Kansas by a margin of 379-159 electoral votes and with 49.2 percent of the popular vote to Dole’s 40.7 percent of the vote. (Third-party candidate Ross Perot garnered 8.4 percent of the popular vote.) Clinton’s victory marked the first time since Franklin Roosevelt (1882-1945) that a Democrat was elected to a second presidential term", "William Jefferson “Bill” Clinton (1946-) was the first U.S. Democratic president to win re-election since FDR.[11]", "Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender Americans typically vote Democratic in national elections within the 70–77% range, according to national media exit polling. In heavily gay precincts in large cities across the nation, the average was higher, ranging from 85–94%. This trend has continued since 1996, when Bill Clinton won 71% of the LGBT vote compared to Bob Dole's 16% and 13% for others. In 2000, Al Gore won 70% to George W. Bush's 25% with 5% for others, in 2004 John Kerry won 77% to George W. Bush's 23%, in 2008 Barack Obama won 70% to John McCain's 27% with 3% to others and in 2012 Barack Obama won 76% to Mitt Romney's 22% with 2% to others. Patrick Egan, a professor of politics at New York University specializing in LGBT voting patterns, calls this a \"remarkable continuity\". Saying \"about three-fourths vote Democratic and one-fourth Republican from year to year.\" Notable LGBT Democrats include current Senator Tammy Baldwin of Wisconsin and current Representatives Jared Polis of Colorado and David Cicilline of Rhode Island. The late activist and San Francisco Supervisor Harvey Milk was a Democrat as is former Representative Barney Frank of Massachusetts. The National Stonewall Democrats is an LGBT advocacy group associated with the Democratic Party. The LGBT Equality Caucus is a congressional caucus of 97 Democrats and 3 Republicans that work and advocate for LGBT rights within the House of Representatives. ", "New York Congresswoman Nita Lowey was the candidate first expected to be the Democratic nominee, [4] while other mentioned possible candidates included Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Andrew Cuomo , New York State Comptroller Carl McCall , and New York Congresswoman Carolyn Maloney . [5] State Democratic figures were concerned that neither Lowey nor the others had the star power to rival Giuliani, and that the seat would be lost. Late in 1998, prominent Democratic politicians and advisors, including New York Representative Charles Rangel , [6] urged First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton to run for the New York Senate seat. An unprecedented action if she did it, Clinton spent considerable time mulling over the idea while Lowey waited in the wings. [4] Her political advisors told her the race would be difficult and some of them told her she would lose. [7] She waited for the impeachment proceedings of Bill Clinton to conclude, [7] which it did with his acquittal on February 12, 1999.", "First United States President to be elected twice with over 50% of the popular vote since Ronald Reagan and the first Democratic President elected as such since Franklin D. Roosevelt .", "In April 2015 Clinton announced that she was entering the U.S. presidential election race of 2016 , and she immediately became the favourite to win the Democratic nomination. However, her campaign faced an unexpected challenge from Bernie Sanders , a senator who was a self-described “democratic socialist.” Clinton, seen as a political insider, initially struggled to counter Sanders’s populist policies, which she criticized as unrealistic. Instead, she advocated a “sensible agenda,” which was based on traditional Democratic goals, notably tax increases on the wealthy, an increase to the minimum wage , and immigration reform. In addition, she supported stricter Wall Street regulations, though her past connections to the banking and investment industry—notably in the form of corporate speeches and campaign donations—drew scrutiny. As a former secretary of state, Clinton highlighted her foreign-policy experience, and she backed a strong U.S. presence overseas.", "Albert Arnold \"Al\" Gore Jr. (born March 31, 1948) is an American politician and environmentalist who served as the 45th Vice President of the United States from 1993 to 2001 under President Bill Clinton. Chosen as Clinton's running mate in their successful 1992 campaign, he was reelected in 1996. At the end of Clinton's second term, Gore was the Democratic Party's nominee for President in 2000. After leaving office, Gore remained prominent as an author and environmental activist, whose work in climate change activism earned him (jointly with the IPCC) the Nobel Peace Prize in 2007.", "On April 12, 2015, Clinton formally announced her candidacy for the presidency in the 2016 election. She had a campaign-in-waiting already in place, including a large donor network, experienced operatives, and the Ready for Hillary and Priorities USA Action political action committees, and other infrastructure. The campaign's headquarters were established in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Focuses of her campaign have included raising middle class incomes, establishing universal preschool and making college more affordable, and improving the Affordable Care Act. Initially considered a prohibitive favorite to win the Democratic nomination, Clinton has faced an unexpectedly strong challenge from self-professed democratic socialist Senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont, whose longtime stance against the influence of corporations and the wealthy in American politics has resonated with a dissatisfied citizenry troubled by the effects of income inequality in the U.S. and has contrasted with Clinton's Wall Street ties. ", "Dole eventually won the nomination, becoming the oldest first-time presidential nominee at the age of 73 years, 1 month (Ronald Reagan was 73 years, 6 months in 1984, for his second presidential nomination). In his acceptance speech, Dole stated, \"Let me be the bridge to an America that only the unknowing call myth. Let me be the bridge to a time of tranquillity, faith, and confidence in action,\" to which incumbent president Bill Clinton responded, \"We do not need to build a bridge to the past, we need to build a bridge to the future.\" Dole, however, had been forced to spend more on the primary than he had planned and until the convention in San Diego faced federal limits on campaign spending. Dole hoped to use his long experience in Senate procedures to maximize publicity from his rare positioning as Senate Majority Leader against an incumbent President but was stymied by Senate Democrats. On June 11, 1996, Dole resigned his seat to focus on the campaign, saying he was either heading for \"The White House or home\". ", "William Jefferson \"Bill\" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III; August 19, 1946 (birth time source: Astrodatabank)) is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Inaugurated at age 46, he was the third-youngest president. He took office at the end of the Cold War, and was the first president of the baby boomer generation. Clinton has been described as a New Democrat. Many of his policies have been attributed to a centrist Third Way philosophy of governance. Born and raised in Arkansas, Clinton became both a student leader and a skilled musician. He is an alumnus of Georgetown University where he was Phi Beta Kappa and earned a Rhodes Scholarship to attend the University of Oxford. He is married to Hillary Rodham Clinton, who has ...", "William Proxmire, a Democratic Senator (1957–89), dominated the Democratic party for years; he was best known for attacking waste and fraud in federal spending. Democrat Russ Feingold was the only Senator to vote against the Patriot Act in 2001. Republican Paul Ryan was, at age 28, the youngest member of the Congressional freshman class when he took office in January 1999. In 2012, he was selected as the Republican party's candidate for Vice President, running with Mitt Romney. In 2004, Gwen Moore, a Democrat from Milwaukee, became Wisconsin's first African-American U.S. Representative.", "On Tuesday, July 26, 2016 Hillary Clinton won the Democratic nomination for the presidency during the state roll call. Two days later, on July 28, 2016, Hillary Clinton accepted the Democratic nomination for President of the United States that had been formally declared the day before during the roll call of the states. She is the first woman in American history to win a major-party nomination for the presidency.", "On June 13, 2015, in Four Freedoms Park on Roosevelt Island, New York, Hillary Clinton formally launched her second bid for her party's presidential nomination and, she hoped, the general election for the presidency in 2016. While the conventional wisdom held that she was almost certainly going to be the party's nominee, she would face a strong challenge from U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont; later, Maryland Governor Martin O'Malley would enter the contest as the third", "The Democrats held a long primary process. At the close of the primary process, Bill Clinton, the sitting governor of Arkansas, emerged as the leading Democratic presidential candidate. Clinton was favored, despite charges he dodged the draft and was unfaithful to his wife. His wife, Hilary Rodham Clinton stood by him, throughout the barrage of allegations. As a result, Clinton was able secure and obtain the presidential nomination on the first ballot at the Democratic Convention.", "When New York's long-serving U.S. Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan announced his retirement in November 1998, several prominent Democratic figures, including Representative Charles Rangel of New York, urged Clinton to run for Moynihan's open seat in the Senate election of 2000. Once she decided to run, the Clintons purchased a home in Chappaqua, New York, north of New York City, in September 1999. She became the first first lady of the United States to be a candidate for elected office. Initially, Clinton expected to face Rudy Giuliani, the Mayor of New York City, as her Republican opponent in the election. Giuliani withdrew from the race in May 2000 after he was diagnosed with prostate cancer and matters related to his failing marriage became public, and Clinton instead faced Rick Lazio, a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives representing New York's 2nd congressional district. Throughout the campaign, opponents accused Clinton of carpetbagging, as she had never resided in New York nor participated in the state's politics before the 2000 Senate race. ", "The present mayor is Michael Bloomberg , a former Democrat, former Republican (2001–2008) and current political independent elected on the Republican and Independence Party tickets against opponents supported by the Democratic and Working Families Parties in 2001 (50.3% of the vote to 47.9%), 2005 (58.4% to 39%) and 2009 (50.6% to 46%). [160] He is known for taking control of the city's education system from the state, rezoning and economic development, sound fiscal management, and aggressive public health policy. In his second term he has made school reform, poverty reduction, and strict gun control central priorities of his administration. [161] Together with Boston mayor Thomas Menino , in 2006 he founded the Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition , an organization with the goal of \"making the public safer by getting illegal guns off the streets.\" [162] The Democratic Party holds the majority of public offices. As of November 2008, 67% of registered voters in the city are Democrats. [163] New York City has not been carried by a Republican in a statewide or presidential election since 1924. Party platforms center on affordable housing, education and economic development, and labor politics are of importance in the city.", "Albert Arnold \"Al\" Gore, Jr. (born March 31, 1948) is an American politician, advocate and philanthropist, who served as the 45th Vice President of the United States (1993--2001), under President Bill Clinton. He was the Democratic Party's nominee for President and lost the 2000 U.S. presidential election despite winning the popular vote. Gore is currently an author and environmental activist. He has founded a number of non-profit organizations, including the Alliance for Climate Protection, and has received a Nobel Peace Prize for his work in climate change activism.", "Mr. Obama waged in many ways an improbable campaign. He is a first-term United States senator from Illinois who just five years ago was serving as a state senator. It was because of that résumé that his main opponent in the battle for the Democratic nomination, Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton of New York, thought that he would not last.", "With an incumbent president running for re-election against token opposition, the race for the Democratic nomination was largely uneventful. The nomination process consisted of primaries and caucuses, held by the 50 states, as well as Guam, Puerto Rico, Washington, D.C., U.S. Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and Democrats Abroad. Additionally, high-ranking party members known as superdelegates each received one vote in the convention. A few of the primary challengers surpassed the president's vote total in individual counties in several of the seven contested primaries, though none made a significant impact in the delegate count. Running unopposed everywhere else, President Obama cemented his status as the Democratic presumptive nominee on April 3, 2012 by securing the minimum number of pledged delegates needed to obtain the nomination. ", "He was elected to the Illinois Senate in 1997 and served until 2004. [4] Following an unsuccessful bid for a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives in 2000, he announced his campaign for U.S. Senate in January 2003. After winning a landslide primary victory in March 2004 to become the Democratic nominee for U.S. Senate, Obama delivered the keynote address at the Democratic National Convention in July 2004. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in November 2004 with 70% of the vote. [2]", "Clinton won the election on November 7 with 55 percent of the vote to Lazio's 43 percent, [100] a difference larger than most observers had expected. [101] [102] Clinton won the traditionally Democratic base of New York City by large margins, and carried suburban Westchester County , but lost heavily populated Long Island , part of which Lazio represented in Congress. She won surprising victories in Upstate counties, such as Cayuga , Rensselaer , and Niagara , to which her win has been attributed.", "Hillary Rodham Clinton (1947-) is re-elected to her second term as junior Senator from New York.", "Bill Clinton is an American politician from Arkansas who served as the 42nd President of the United States (1993-2001). He took office at the end of the Cold War, and was the first baby-boomer generation President. ", "* EDITOR’S NOTE: Clinton won his second term in 1996, not in 1992, as originally stated.", "November 7, 2000 - Hillary Rodham Clinton wins a seat for the United States Senate from New York. It is the first time a former FIrst Lady wins public office.", "Janet Wood Reno (born July 21, 1938) is a former Attorney General of the United States (1993–2001). She was nominated by President Bill Clinton on February 11, 1993, and confirmed on March 11. She was the first female Attorney General and the second longest serving Attorney General after William Wirt.", "He also taught constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School from 1992 to 2004. Following an unsuccessful bid for a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives in 2000, he announced his campaign for the U.S. Senate in January 2003. After winning a landslide primary victory in March 2004, Obama delivered the keynote address at the Democratic National Convention in July 2004. He was elected to the Senate in November 2004 with 70% of the vote.", "Hillary Clinton (1947-) becomes the first former First Lady to be elected to the United States Senate.", "Later in 1969, Biden ran as a Democrat for the New Castle County Council on a liberal platform that included support for public housing in the suburban area. He won by a solid, two-thousand vote margin in the usually Republican district and in a bad year for Democrats in the state. Even before taking his seat, he was already talking about running for the U.S. Senate in a couple of years. Biden served on the County Council from 1970 to 1972 while continuing his private law practice. Among issues he addressed on the council was his opposition to large highway projects that might disrupt Wilmington neighborhoods, including those related to Interstate 95. ", "Under the previous order, the Senator from New York, the junior Senator, Mrs. Clinton, is recognized for not to exceed 10 minutes.", "A citizen of the United States for the past nine years prior to the election year." ]

[ 3.923828125, 2.955078125, 2.7734375, 0.85595703125, 0.568359375, 0.402587890625, -0.6708984375, -0.8037109375, -1.00390625, -1.3291015625, -1.43359375, -1.5078125, -1.724609375, -1.78125, -1.7998046875, -1.8515625, -1.8818359375, -2.1484375, -2.44921875, -3.005859375, -3.052734375, -3.2890625, -3.298828125, -3.5234375, -3.640625, -4.8828125, -5.1796875, -5.2109375, -5.703125, -6.609375, -6.8984375, -8.8671875 ]

[ "But Georgie didn't have to wait too long for Fame, because in December of '64 his cover of Jon Hendricks' 'Yeh Yeh' hit number one on the charts in the U.K. and was a minor hit in the U.S. as well which made Georgie Fame big news at the age of 21. The success of 'Yeh Yeh' also earned Georgie an appearance on Ready Steady Go! to promote the record. Around this time an album was released- a live set from The Flamingo Club titled, appropriately enough, 'R&B At The Flamingo'.", "With the release of Johnny O’Keefe’s first single ‘Wild One’, Australia had discovered its first National rock star. O’Keefe, or JOK as he was more fondly known, was also the first Australian rock star to tour America. On home turf he supported and mingled with genuine rock n’ roll icons such as Bill Haley, Little Richard, Buddy Holly, and Jerry Lee Lewis. O’Keefe had numerous hits including “She’s My Baby’, “Shout’, “Move, Baby Move” and “Sing, Sing, SIng”, and to this day remains Australia’s most successful chart performer. GP", "As a teenager he entered a singing contest at one of the infamous Butlins holiday camps. He won that and was offered a job there. Not too long after that, he went to London and the entrepreneur Larry Parnes started managing him. It was Larry who insisted that Clive change his name to Georgie Fame or he wouldn't be used in any of Larry’s shows.", "Georgie Fame (born Clive Powell, 26 June 1943, Leigh, Lancashire) is a British rhythm and blues and jazz singer and keyboard player. The one-time rock and roll tour musician, who had a string of 1960s hits, is still a popular performer; often working with contemporaries such as Van Morrison and Bill Wyman.", "Johnny O'Keefe became the first Australian rock and roll artist to reach the national charts with his 1958 hit \"Wild One\". While American and British content dominated airwaves and record sales into the 1960s, local successes began to emerge, notably The Easybeats and The Seekers. The Bee Gees and AC/DC rose to prominence in Australia before going on to international success. Australian performers continued to do well at a local and international level into the 1980s, for example Cold Chisel, INXS, Nick Cave, Midnight Oil and Little River Band. Held since 1987, the ARIAs are Australia's premier music awards. Silverchair, Powderfinger, John Farnham, Savage Garden and Kylie Minogue are among the most successful artists in the awards' history. Singer-songwriter Paul Kelly, whose music style straddles folk, rock, and country, has been described as the poet laureate of Australian music. Spurred in part by the national expansion of ABC youth radio station Triple J, a string of successful alternative Australian acts have emerged since the 1990s, including You Am I, Gotye, Sia and Tame Impala.", "Keith O’Keefe has now established himself as one of the top after-dinner speakers in the country. His irreverent style of humour is appreciated not only by clients and their guests, but has gained him enormous respect among some of the biggest names in the world of entertainment.", "Kate Garry Hudson (born April 19, 1979) is an American actress. She rose to prominence in 2000 for playing Penny Lane in Almost Famous, for which she won a Golden Globe and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Her other films include How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days (2003), Raising Helen (2004), The Skeleton Key (2005), You, Me and Dupree (2006), Fool's Gold (2008), and Bride Wars (2009). Hudson also co-founded Fabletics, a fitness brand and membership program operated by JustFab. ", "George was a follower of the New Romantic movement which was popular in Britain in the early 1980s. He lived in various squats around Warren Street in Central London. He and his friend Marilyn were regulars at Blitz, a London nightclub run by Steve Strange and Rusty Egan. The pop artists that inspired him were Siouxsie and the Banshees, David Bowie, T. Rex, Roxy Music and Patti Smith. ", "Johnny O'Keefe went on to become the first Australian artist to appear in the Australian Top 40 (Wild one), the first to be signed and record for an international label (US Liberty) and was the first rock and roll artist to host his own radio program (Rockville Junction on ABC Radio).", "O'Neal trained as an amateur boxer before beginning his career in acting in 1960. In 1964, he landed the role of Rodney Harrington on the ABC nighttime soap opera Peyton Place. The series was an instant hit and boosted O'Neal's career. He later found success in films, most notably Love Story (1970), for which he received Academy Award and Golden Globe nominations as Best Actor, What's Up, Doc? (1972), Paper Moon (1973), Stanley Kubrick's Barry Lyndon (1975), and A Bridge Too Far (1977). Since 2007, he has had a recurring role in the TV series Bones as Max, the father of series co-protagonist Dr. Temperance \"Bones\" Brennan.", "He started off as a Teen Idol in The Eighties , making a dual hit on both film and television as Marty McFly from the Back to The Future trilogy (1985-1990) and Alex P. Keaton from Family Ties (1982-1989), for which he won three Emmy Awards and a Golden Globe Award. A rather popular but generally less famous role was the main character in Teen Wolf . He also did some serious stuff that almost no one remembers, and he's acknowledged that he isn't an actor who can \"blend\" into a wide variety of roles.", "Kaelin has been a member of the Screen Actors Guild for over twenty years, so he's tired of being known only as O.J's houseguest. \"People should realize that I shot a Coke commercial back in 1986. So, you know, I've been around a long time.\" Beach Fever, a low-budget sex comedy starring Kaelin, was filmed in 1987, but before Kaelin became a famous name no distributor was willing to release it. It was released at the height of Simpson's 1995 trial. Since then, Kaelin has hosted a quickly-canceled radio talk show, and occasionally hung out at the Playboy Mansion. In 2002, Kaelin was quickly eliminated from Fox's Celebrity Boot Camp, where fourth-tier celebrities drilled at Camp Pendleton as if they were Marines. The rapper Coolio won. Kaelin's best line in the show was, \"I have one minute to go to the bathroom? It takes me 15 minutes to undo my zipper!\"", "George Timothy Clooney was born on May 6 1961, he is an American actor, film director, producer, and screenwriter. He has received three Golden Globe Awards for his work as an actor and two Academy Awards—one for acting and the other for producing. Clooney is also noted for his political activism and has served as one of the United Nations Messengers of Peace since January 31, 2008.", "Emily O'Hara Ratajkowski was born in London, England, to American parents, Kathleen (Balgley), a professor, and John David Ratajkowski, a painter. She is of British Isles, German, Polish, and Jewish ancestry. Emily was raised in Encinitas, California, near San Diego. She traveled a lot, and also spent some of her childhood in Ireland and Mallorca. She started modeling at fourteen-years-old and was signed by \"Ford Models\". She continued to attend school but, after one year at UCLA, majoring in Fine Art, she decided to concentrate on becoming a model. After shootings with Tony Duran , she became recognized as a fashion model. Later, she was on the cover of \"GQ Turkey\" and appeared in Robin Thicke 's music video, \"Blurred Lines\". As an actress, she played \"Tasha\" on the \"Nickelodeon\" series, iCarly , and the mistress of Ben Affleck 's character in the thriller Gone Girl . She also appeared in the film version of Entourage , and co-starred with Zac Efron in the musical drama We Are Your Friends .", "In 2008, Keaton starred alongside Dax Shepard and Liv Tyler in Vince Di Meglio's dramedy Smother, playing the overbearing mother of an unemployed therapist, who decides to move in with him and his girlfriend following the split from her husband, played by Ken Howard. As with Mama's Boy, the film received a limited release only, resulting in a gross of US$1.8 million worldwide. Critical reaction to the film was generally unfavorable, and once again Keaton was dismissed for her role choices, with Sandra Hall of the New York Post writing, \"Diane's career is dyin' [...] this time, sadly, she's gone too far. She's turned herself into a mother-in-law joke.\" Also in 2008, Keaton appeared alongside Katie Holmes and Queen Latifah in the crime-comedy film Mad Money, directed by Callie Khouri. Based on the British television drama Hot Money (2001), the film revolves around three female employees of the Federal Reserve who scheme to steal money that is about to be destroyed. As with Keaton's previous projects, the film bombed at the box offices with a gross total of US$26.4 million, and was universally panned by critics, ranking third in the New York Post Top 10 Worst Movies of 2008 overview. ", "The movie was nominated for many year-end awards, making its stars — including Uggie — regulars on the red carpet. Actor Jean Dujardin, who played George, brought Uggie on stage at the 2012 Golden Globes and led him in one of the central tricks of the film: when Uggie gets “shot,” falls down and plays dead.", "O'Rourke has published 16 books, including three New York Times bestsellers. Parliament of Whores and Give War a Chance reached #1 on the New York Times Best Seller List. O'Rourke was a \"Real Time Real Reporter\" for Real Time with Bill Maher covering the 2008 Presidential Election.", "When Bernie was three the Weinstein family moved to a house in Tottenham, across the road from George Marks, who later became Harrison Marks, the glamour photographer. Mike recalled that it was with George that he mounted his first 'promotion'. \"We would dress up in whatever clothes we had managed to scrounge from our parents and put on shows in our garden.\" Bernie's friend was Danny Sewell, younger brother of George who went on to star in such shows as Special Branch and UFO. Danny was the local heavy and used to look after Bernie. \"If anybody said anything nasty to me, he (Danny) hit them.\"", "Following \"Caddyshack,\" Chase reached the height of his career in the 1980s after a string of hits including the National Lampoon's \"Vacation\" films. His career took a notorious downturn in 1993 when his nighttime talk show, \"The Chevy Chase Show,\" was cancelled after six weeks.", "Orenthal James \"O.J.\" Simpson (born July 9, 1947), nicknamed The Juice, is a former American football player, broadcaster, and actor.", "The youngest of seven children, Keaton was born Michael Douglas on September 5th, 1951 in Coraopolis, Pennsylvania on September 9, 1951. After two years of studying speech at Kent State University, he dropped out and moved to Pittsburgh. While working a number of odd jobs--including a stint as an ice cream truck driver--Keaton attempted to build a career as a stand-up comedian, which proved less than successful. He ended up working as a cameraman for the Pittsburgh PBS station, a job that led him to realize he wanted to be in front of the camera, rather than behind it.", "George Clooney (OCEAN'S ELEVEN), Drew Barrymore (CHARLIE'S ANGELS: FULL THROTTLE), and Sam Rockwell (THE GREEN MILE), star in the comedy thriller that poses an irresistible question: What would happen if a wildly successful TV producer was also a top-secret CIA assassin' While a maverick creator of America's favorite game shows gains notoriety for his smash television hits, he is also drawn into a shadowy world of danger as a covert government operative! But soon his life begins to spiral out of control -- both of them! Directed by George Clooney and based on Chuck Barris' cult-classic autobiography, with a script by Charlie Kaufman (ADAPATAION), this entertaining hit delivers comedy to keep you laughing . . . and intrigue to keep you guessing!", "Northern Irish comedian and presenter Patrick Kielty is one of the most recognisable names on TV having appeared on everything from prime time celebrity shows to late night stand up and topical panel shows. His hilarious persona has taken him to top the bill on comedy shows such as \"Live At The Apollo\", and winning two RTS Awards, making him an Irish national hero, and household name.", "American Gigolo is a 1980 American romantic thriller film starring Richard Gere, Lauren Hutton, Hector Elizondo, Nina Van Pallandt and Bill Duke, written and directed by Paul Schrader. It tells the story of Julian Kaye, a high-price male escort in Los Angeles who becomes romantically involved with a prominent politician's wife while simultaneously becoming the prime suspect in a murder case.", "In the movie Almost Famous, Penny Lane is the name of one of the groupies. Kate Hudson was nominated for an Oscar for the role.", "In the stylish \"American Gigolo\" (1980), by writer-director Paul Schrader, Richard Gere played a male escort who becomes a little too involved with his clients, and finds himself fingered for murder. Co-starring Lauren Hutton.", "There is a pub in London, Ontario, called \"The Alex P. Keaton\" in honor of his character on Family Ties (1982).", "Ned Kelly has starred in eleven films. In one, he was played by Mick Jagger from The Rolling Stones. He featured as a character in the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games in Sydney in the year 2000.", "In the movie Velvet Goldmine , Ewan McGregor portrays Curt Wilde, a character loosely based on Iggy Pop. McGregor performs Pop's songs \"TV Eye\" and \"Gimme Danger\" in the film.", "One of the most fundamental principles for engaging an audience is to present engaging characters. Six Feet Under is a prime example: each character we're introduced to does take some getting used to, but all are wonderfully rich and complex and three-dimensional, balanced nicely by each other. Not only the Fishers but all their friends, acquaintances and lovers are well-developed, highly-involved and important to the show in its many layers. Nate's girlfriend Brenda (Rachael Griffiths) and her manic-depressive brother Billy (Jeremy Sisto), David's boyfriend Keith (Mathew St. Patrick) and the Fishers' Puerto Rican employee Rico (Freddy Rodriguez) are all fantastic characters that do far more than just complement the show's funeral home family.", "In the movie Velvet Goldmine , Ewan McGregor portrays Curt Wilde, a character based on Iggy Pop, and also performs Pop's song TV Eye.", "Slater played the recurring character Jimmy Slade on eight episodes of the popular TV show Baywatch in the early 1990s. He appeared in an episode of the reality show The Girls Next Door, and has starred in many surf films during his career." ]

[ 1.6806640625, -2.68359375, -3.578125, -4.12109375, -5.34765625, -5.875, -6.02734375, -6.42578125, -6.64453125, -6.92578125, -7.30859375, -7.46484375, -7.56640625, -7.953125, -8.421875, -8.859375, -8.9296875, -8.9921875, -9.1171875, -9.296875, -9.4921875, -9.625, -9.6484375, -10.171875, -10.609375, -10.6640625, -10.75, -10.7734375, -10.7890625, -10.859375, -10.90625, -10.9453125 ]

[ "Norwegian pop band A-Ha recorded the title song for 1987's \"The Living Daylights,\" the first of two films starring Timothy Dalton as Bond. It was the last theme written by longtime Bond composer John Barry.", "In May 1988, A-ha released their third studio album, titled Stay on These Roads, which matched the number-two chart peak of its two predecessors on the British album charts. Stay on These Roads has been certified Platinum in Brazil and France, and Gold in Switzerland, Germany, the UK, and the Netherlands. The album includes the title-track theme song to the James Bond film The Living Daylights. The version that appears on their album is a re-recording of the film version and single. The band has said that they are particularly proud of the title track, and all three members contributed to its writing. \"Stay on These Roads\" and \"The Living Daylights\" would remain part of their live set throughout the rest of the band's history. After the release of the album, the band went on a 74-city world tour. The album has sold more than 4.2 million copies worldwide.", "The band has sold some estimated 100 million records They are the only non-British, non-American performers who have written and performed a 007 James Bond official theme song – \"The Living Daylights\" from the movie with the same title. Songs by A-ha, either in original form or in the form of cover versions have also been included as background music and performances in episodes of popular television series, such as Grey’s Anatomy, Family Guy, Baywatch, Melrose Place, South Park, Smallville, Cougar Town, Chuck, Glee (TV series), \"Private Practice\" and The Simpsons, as well as in promotions for shows like Dance Moms . Their music has also been featured in movies such as One Night at McCool's, Grosse Pointe Blank and Corky Romano. They have a Guinness World Record from 1991 for drawing the largest paying audience at a pop concert with 198,000 people at the Estádio do Maracanã stadium in Rio de Janeiro. In 2006 the band was awarded the Q Awards Inspiration Award. ", "\"The Living Daylights\" is a song performed by Norwegian pop group A-ha for the 1987 James Bond film of the same name. It was written by guitarist Paul Waaktaar-Savoy (often credited as just Pål Waaktaar). After first appearing in the context of the film, a revised version was included in the band's Stay on These Roads studio album, which came out in 1988.", "The title song for the film, \"The Living Daylights,\" was recorded by pop group a-ha. a-ha and Barry did not collaborate well, resulting in two versions of the theme song being produced; Barry's orchestral film version can be heard on the soundtrack and the a-ha greatest hits collection Headlines and Deadlines, while a-ha's preferred pop mix of the song can be heard on their 1988 album Stay on These Roads. However, in recent years members of a-ha have expressed their appreciation for Barry's work on their song, claiming that it was he who turned the track into a Bond theme.", "In the mid-Eighties, Bond embraced the planet’s biggest teen-pop heart-throbs. First Duran Duran for 1985’s A View To A Kill, then Norwegian trio A-ha for the Timothy Dalton relaunch, The Living Daylights. The former was a Bond and a band past their peak but A-ha remained on firing form. Unfortunately, they didn’t get on with co-writer John Barry and released their own album version of the song, which, in truth and for once, is better than Barry’s, whose fiddly orchestral flourishes clashed with their synthesisers. They are also the only artist ever to perform a Bond theme who are neither British or American.", "Composer John Barry utilises eight leitmotifs on the soundtrack, that recurs in two or more of the tracks listed. Two of them are pinned to location, three are pinned to characters Necros, Kara and Koskov, one is pinned to the title song by a-ha, one is pinned to the Mujahedin and one is the Monty Norman James Bond Theme.", "The best of the James Bond songs function as standalone pop songs as well as James Bond songs. “The Living Daylights” works fine as a pop song, but it doesn’t feel much like a Jame Bond theme. Also, whatever happened to a-Ha? As it turns out, they’re still active . ", "The title track from the James Bond film, released in 2002, became the first Bond tune to reach the top 10 on the Hot 100 since Duran Duran's A View to a Kill hit No. 1 in 1985. Further, \"Die Another Day\" was the first official Bond theme song to even chart on the tally since \"A View to a Kill.\" The electro-hued single would go on to appear on Madonna's 2003 album, American Life.", "The prospect, however, fell apart and Gladys Knight 's song and performance was chosen, later becoming a Top 10 hit in the United Kingdom. The song was composed by Narada Michael Walden , Jeffrey Cohen and Walter Afanasieff , based on the \"horn line\" from Goldfinger , which required royalty payments to the original writers. [2] At five-minutes twelve seconds it is the longest Bond theme. The music video of \" Licence to Kill \" was directed by Daniel Kleinman , who later took over the reins of title designer from Maurice Binder for the 1995 Bond film, GoldenEye .", "A Bond film staple are the theme songs heard during their title sequences sung by well-known popular singers. Several of the songs produced for the films have been nominated for Academy Awards for Original Song, including Paul McCartney's \"Live and Let Die\", Carly Simon's \"Nobody Does It Better\", Sheena Easton's \"For Your Eyes Only\", Adele's \"Skyfall\", and Sam Smith's \"Writing's on the Wall\". Adele won the award at the 85th Academy Awards, and Smith won at the 88th Academy Awards. For the non-Eon produced Casino Royale, Burt Bacharach's score included \"The Look of Love\", which was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Song. ", "Like other Bond themes before it, a-ha's release was not the only recorded song for the film. Synthpop band, Pet Shop Boys also recorded a song for the film that was optioned to the studio. The duo later reworked the song they submitted into \"This Must Be the Place I Waited Years to Leave\", which was released on their Behaviour. album in 1990.", "The prospect, however, fell apart and Gladys Knight's song and performance was chosen, later becoming a Top 10 hit in the United Kingdom. The song was composed by Narada Michael Walden, Jeffrey Cohen and Walter Afanasieff, based on the \"horn line\" from Goldfinger, which required royalty payments to the original writers. At five-minutes twelve seconds it is the longest Bond theme. The music video of \"Licence to Kill\" was directed by Daniel Kleinman, who later took over the reins of title designer from Maurice Binder for the 1995 Bond film, GoldenEye.", "The theme song \" Nobody Does It Better \" was composed by Marvin Hamlisch with lyrics by Carole Bayer Sager and was performed by Carly Simon . It was nominated for Academy Award for Best Original Song but lost to \" You Light Up My Life \". It was one of five Bond theme songs to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song . The other four were \" Live and Let Die \" in 1973, \" For Your Eyes Only \" in 1981, \" Skyfall \", and \" Writing on the Wall \". \"Skyfall\" went on to win the award in 2013 and \"Writing on the Wall\" won in 2016.", "Shirley Bassey sang the theme songs for not one but three memorable Bond films: \"Goldfinger\" in 1964, \"Diamonds are Forever\" in 1971 and \"Moonraker\" eight years later. In 2014, the Welsh singer with the strong voice released a new album that includes a 50th anniversary re-recording of \"Goldfinger,\" which starred a slick Sean Connery as secret agent 007.", "The score was composed by John Barry, with the lyrics by Tim Rice. The opening theme, \"All Time High\", is sung by Rita Coolidge and is one of seven musical themes in the James Bond series whose song titles do not refer to the film's title. \"All Time High\" spent four weeks at number one on the US Billboard Adult Contemporary singles chart and reached number 36 on the Billboard Hot 100.", "The Man with the Golden Gun is the theme song for the Bond film of the same name. The song was composed by John Barry and Don Black and performed by British pop star Lulu .", "Remember earlier in the list when you listened to A-Ha’s gimmicky effort at a James Bond song in the ’80s? This is what a gimmicky James Bond song in the ’80s is supposed to sound like.", "“The Living Daylights” written by John Barry and Ah-ha, performed by A-ha (Also “If There Was a Man” by the Pretenders, 1987)", "Welsh singer Shirley Bassey has sung the most Bond theme songs, beginning with \"Goldfinger,\" a pop hit in 1964. She also sang \"Diamonds Are Forever\" (1971) and \"Moonraker\" (1979).", "\" Take on Me \" was the first single released by the band. An early version was recorded and released in late 1984 with an early music video. The song became a #3 hit in A-ha's native Norway but failed to chart in the United Kingdom. The band went back into the studio to re-record the song for the Hunting High and Low album, but a second UK release in early 1985 was again ignored. Before releasing their single in the United States, the band undertook the production of a new music video for the song, working with director Steve Barron . Barron had previously created hit videos for Toto , Thomas Dolby , Culture Club and Michael Jackson , but the A-ha video was unlike any of his earlier work. A plot-driven amalgamation of live-action and rotoscope -style animation by husband-and-wife team Michael Patterson and Candace Reckinger, it drew inspiration from Patterson's animated film Commuter and the film Altered States . The innovative video for \"Take on Me\" was first broadcast on local Boston music video station V-66 , and soon after given heavy rotation on MTV .", "Best Sequence: Macca himself showed up to welcome Roger Moore to the world of 007. Almost everything about Live and Let Die looks pretty dated in 2015, but Paul McCartney’s operatic theme song still holds up. Plus, every time the song swells, flaming skulls explode from Maurice Binder’s opening titles. Bond goes heavy metal! (Watch the scene on YouTube here .)", "Beginning with the single \"Take On Me\", A-ha's debut album sold more than eight million copies worldwide and spawned two number one hits. In the fall of 1986, \"Take On Me\" and \"The Sun Always Shines on TV\" were nominated for 11 MTV Video Awards combined, and A-ha won eight of these. ", "In 1984, A-ha released their first single, \"Take On Me\", which became a hit only on the third attempt in 1985, after it had been re-recorded and accompanied by a music video directed by Steve Barron. The single's international success helped A-ha's debut album Hunting High and Low to sell over 10 million copies worldwide. Their second studio album was Scoundrel Days, followed by Stay on These Roads and East of the Sun, West of the Moon. The band then issued the commercially disappointing Memorial Beach, after which the band went on hiatus.", "Hunting High and Low is the debut studio album by Norwegian new wave band A-ha. Released on 1 June 1985 by Warner Bros. Records, the album was a huge commercial success selling more than 7.8 million units worldwide, peaking at number 15 on the US Billboard 200 and reaching high positions on charts worldwide. The album was recorded at Eel Pie Studios in Twickenham, produced by Tony Mansfield, John Ratcliff and Alan Tarney.", "James Bond \"Licence To Kill\" 007 Theme song by Gladys Knight from the Official 1989 Soundtrack Starring Timothy Dalton. Album Score by Michael Kamen.", "The theme song, \"GoldenEye\", was written by Bono and the Edge, and was performed by Tina Turner. As the producers did not collaborate with Bono or the Edge, the film score did not incorporate any of the theme song's melodies, as was the case in previous James Bond films. Swedish group Ace of Base had also written a proposed theme song, but label Arista Records pulled the band out of the project fearing the negative impact in case the film flopped. The song was then re-written as their single \"The Juvenile\". ", "A live album from their 2002 tour, titled How Can I Sleep with Your Voice in My Head, was released in March 2003, preceded by a live single of the 1986 hit \"The Sun Always Shines on TV.\" In 2004, a book entitled \"The Swing of Things\" was published, which also featured a CD of early demo material. That year A-ha celebrated their 20th anniversary with the release of a new singles collection, The Definitive Singles Collection 1984–2004. This compilation brought them back into the UK Top 20 Album Charts, where they reached number 13 and earned a Gold album.", "The first Bond film to feature a cameo by the performer who sings the theme song.", "The soundtrack was composed by Bond veteran John Barry . At the time, it was Barry's seventh Bond movie.", "This is the last Bond movie to feature and instrumental opening song instead of a vocal theme.", "The theme song, GoldenEye , was written by Bono and The Edge , and was performed by Tina Turner . The Swedish group Ace Of Base were also involved at one point, producing a song also called \"GoldenEye\". This song was later released with slightly revised lyrics as The Juvenile on their 2002 album Da Capo. In addition to the Bondian bass line, it seems that the lyric 'The Juvenile' simply replaced 'The GoldenEye'. The other lyrics, most notably the line \"Tomorrow's foe is now a friend\" obviously refer to the plot of this film." ]

[ 7.32421875, 7.02734375, 5.83203125, 3.443359375, 3.2890625, 2.421875, 1.5595703125, 1.423828125, 0.68408203125, 0.337890625, 0.104736328125, 0.051361083984375, -0.18798828125, -0.4091796875, -0.56298828125, -0.98583984375, -1.1044921875, -1.8017578125, -2.07421875, -2.310546875, -2.8515625, -2.927734375, -2.93359375, -3.19921875, -3.23046875, -3.396484375, -3.482421875, -4.3828125, -4.41015625, -5.28125, -5.84375, -5.8828125 ]

[ "The Cancer Ward is a semi-autobiographical novel by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, first published in 1967, and banned in the Soviet Union in 1968. The novel tells the story of a small group of terminal patients in the hospital \"cancer Wing # 13\" in 1955 in the post-Stalinist Soviet Union.", "Cancer Ward (, Rakovy Korpus) is a semi-autobiographical novel by Russian author Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, winner of the 1970 Nobel Prize in Literature. Completed in 1966, the novel was distributed in Russia that year in samizdat, and banned there the following year.Joseph Pearce, Solzhenitsyn: A Soul in Exile, Ignatius Press, 2011, p. 184ff.Patricia Blake, [https://www.nytimes.com/books/98/03/01/home/solz-cancer.html \"A Diseased Body Politic\"], The New York Times, 27 October 1968. In 1968 several European publishers published it in Russian, and in April 1968 excerpts in English appeared in the Times Literary Supplement in the UK without Solzhenitsyn's permission.[http://www.britannica.com/topic/Cancer-Ward \"Cancer Ward\"], Encyclopaedia Britannica. An unauthorized English translation was published that year, first by The Bodley Head in the UK, then by Dial Press in the US.", "One of the great allegorical masterpieces of world literature, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's Cancer Ward is both a deeply compassionate study of people facing terminal illness and a brilliant dissection of the cancerous Soviet police state.", "(Biography) Alexander Isayevich (alɪkˈsandr iˈsajɪvitʃ). 1918–2008, Russian novelist. His books include One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (1962), The First Circle (1968), Cancer Ward (1968), August 1914 (1971), The Gulag Archipelago (1974), and October 1916 (1985). His works criticize the Soviet regime and he was imprisoned (1945–53) and exiled to Siberia (1953–56). He was deported to the West from the Soviet Union in 1974; all charges against him were dropped in 1991 and he returned to Russia in 1994. Nobel prize for literature 1970", "The Cancer Ward follows a group of cancer patients in a hospital outside of Moscow as they undergo various intense and uncomfortable cancer treatments. The story takes place two years after the death of Stalin as Russians deal with the aftermath of the Stalin regime. The cancer ward is a microcosm symbolizing various elements of Russian society and politics. The protagonist Oleg Kostoglotov is an exile who spent years in prisoner camp. His experiences parallel the author’s experience since he also spent time in a labor camp and was treated for stomach cancer. On the surface, the book tells the story of the daily lives of a group of men being treated for cancer, but below the surface it is a scathing critique of Stalinism and Russians’ complicity into maintaining a corrupt and oppressive regime. But, the book is more than just a criticism, it is also a description of the difficult healing process facing Russians during de-Stalinization, thus despite its bleak moments, there are silver linings and optimism for the future. Solzhenitsyn tackles themes such as morality and ethics, socialism and communism, individual and collective responsibility, and human quest for meaning.", "He was made chief editor of the literary journal Novy Mir in 1950, but was removed from the post in 1954 following his publication of \"Sincerity in Literature\" by Pomerantsev. However, he was reinstated in 1958 and continued in the post until 1970. During that time, he secured publication for Solzhenitsyn's \"One Day In The Life of Ivan Denisovich\" and \"Cancer Ward\".", "Solzhenitsyn spent 8 years in Soviet Gulag prison-camps. There he was diagnosed with cancer of the stomach. He was forced to work as a miner, a bricklayer, a foundry-man, and as a mathematician. His mathematical skills really saved his life, because he was released from prison-camp and was eventually used in the secret \"sharashka\" prison-camp for scientists. After the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953 he was sent to a Tashkent hospital for tumor removal and radiation therapy. He described his experience of the treatment and recovery from cancer in his novel 'Cancer Ward'. Solzhenitsyn was secretly writing a thorough account of his life in prison-camps. That became the content of his first official publication in 1962. He gave Aleksandr Tvardovsky his autobiographical story 'One day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich' which was allowed for publication after personal permission from Nikita Khrushchev . That one sensational publication gave Solzhenitsyn a brief chance to publish one more small work during the \"Thaw\" that was initiated by Nikita Khrushchev .", "In spite of Solzhenitsyn's clinical preoccupations, the reader must strain hard to read this novel as a book about cancer. What are we to make of this question posed by the author: \"A man sprouts a tumor and dies--how then can a country live that has sprouted camps and exile?\" Again and again Solzhenitsyn is compelled to return, perhaps despite himself, to his great theme. Who are his cancer-ridden patients? Exiles, an ex-prisoner, a concentration-camp guard, and a secret- police bureaucrat whose denunciations have sent dozens of people to prison. As \"One Day\" stands for the agony of all Russia under Stalin, so \"The Cancer Ward\" irresistibly conveys an image of the immediate post-Stalin period when both victims and executioners were confined, all equally mutilated, in the cancer ward of the nation.", "The writer of the novels \"One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich,\" \"The First Circle\" and \"The Cancer Ward\" was cited by the Swedish Academy, which makes the annual literature award, \"for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature.\"", "One of the great allegorical masterpieces of world literature, Cancer Ward is both a deeply compassionate study of people facing terminal illness and a brilliant dissection of the 'cancerous' Soviet police state. Withdrawn from publication in Russia in 1964, it became, along with One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, a work that awoke the conscience of the world. As Robert Service wrote of its appeal in the Independent, 'In waging his struggle against Soviet communism, Solzhenitsyn the novelist preferred the rapier to the cudgel'.", "Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy (; ,; – ), usually referred to in English as Leo Tolstoy, was a Russian writer who is regarded as one of the greatest authors of all time.", "Cancer Ward tells the story of a small group of patients in Ward 13, the cancer ward of a hospital in Soviet Central Asia in 1955, two years after Joseph Stalin's death. A range of characters are depicted, including those who benefited from Stalinism, resisted or acquiesced. Like Solzhenitsyn, the main character, the Russian Oleg Kostoglotov, spent time in a labour camp as a \"counter-revolutionary,\" before being exiled to Central Asia under Article 58.", "From 1966 to 1968, he and Tvardovsky fought doggedly to get either The First Circle or Cancer Ward (now in two parts) into print, and to have one or the other of his plays staged, but the KGB, under the leadership of Yuri Andropov, was just as determined to stop him. Having identified him as the author of an incendiary early play, Victory Celebrations, with some bitter anti-Soviet comments in it, the KGB circulated copies to members of the Writers' Union, and advocated his expulsion.", "    schema:description \"Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, Russian short-story writer, playwright and physician, is considered to be one of the greatest short-story writers in world literature. His career as a dramatist produced four classics (which are in almost continuous production) and his best short stories are held in high esteem by both writers and critics. Chekhov practiced as a doctor throughout most of his literary career. \"Medicine is my lawful wife,\" he once said, \"and literature is my mistress.\"\"@ en ;", "One of the leading Russian writers of the 20th century, Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn, b. Rostov-on-Don, Dec. 11 (N.S.), 1918, received the Nobel Prize for literature in 1970 \"for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature.\" Solzhenitsyn's novels are autobiographical, presenting a vivid account of a man maintaining his freedom against the vicious repressions of an authoritarian regime. Clearly a novelist in the 19th-century tradition, he is often considered Russia's greatest 20th-century novelist.", "Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (1860–1904) was a Russian short-story writer, playwright and physician, considered to be one of the greatest short-story writers in the history of world literature. His career as a dramatist produced four classics and his best short stories are held in high esteem by writers and critics. Chekhov practiced as a doctor throughout most of his literary career: “Medicine is my lawful wife”, he once said, “and literature is my mistress.”", "Boris Leonidovich Pasternak (; ) ( - 30 May 1960) was a Soviet and Russian poet, novelist, and literary translator. In his native Russian, Pasternak's first book of poems, My Sister, Life (1917), is one of the most influential collections ever published in the Russian language. Pasternak's translations of stage plays by Goethe, Schiller, Calderon and Shakespeare remain very popular with Russian audiences.", "After the Revolution of 1917, Russian literature split into Soviet and white émigré parts. While the Soviet Union assured universal literacy and a highly developed book printing industry, it also enforced ideological censorship. In the 1930s Socialist realism became the predominant trend in Russia. Its leading figure was Maxim Gorky, who laid the foundations of this style. Nikolay Ostrovsky's novel How the Steel Was Tempered has been among the most successful works of Russian literature. Alexander Fadeyev achieved success in Russia. Various émigré writers, such as poets Vladislav Khodasevich, Georgy Ivanov and Vyacheslav Ivanov; novelists such as Mark Aldanov, Gaito Gazdanov and Vladimir Nabokov; and short story Nobel Prize-winning writer Ivan Bunin, continued to write in exile. Some writers dared to oppose Soviet ideology, like Nobel Prize-winning novelist Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, who wrote about life in the gulag camps. The Khrushchev Thaw brought some fresh wind to literature and poetry became a mass cultural phenomenon. This \"thaw\" did not last long; in the 1970s, some of the most prominent authors were banned from publishing and prosecuted for their anti-Soviet sentiments.", "Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol (; ;  – ) was a Russian dramatist, novelist and short story writer of Ukrainian ethnicity. Russian and Ukrainian scholars debate whether or not Gogol was of their respective ethnicities. ", "Visionary Russian writer and satirist Nikolai Gogol wrote The Government Inspector in 1836.  Valdimir Nabokov described it as the greatest play in the Russian language. Although he died at just 42, Gogol’s literary influence was considerable and paved the way for writers such as Kafka and Dostoevsky.  Amongst his other famous works are Dead Souls, Diary of a Madman, The Overcoat and The Nose (later made into an opera by a young Shostakovich).", "Irkutsk has long been home to the well-known Russian writer Valentin Rasputin ; many of his novels and stories take place in the Angara Valley. An essay on the cultural history of Irkutsk (and another one about the nearby Lake Baikal ) is included in Rasputin's non-fiction collection Siberia, Siberia , which is also available in English translation.", "The plot focuses on a group of patients as they undergo crude and frightening treatment in a squalid hospital. Writer and literary critic Jeffrey Meyers writes that the novel is the \"most complete and accurate fictional account of the nature of disease and its relation to love. It describes the characteristics of cancer; the physical, psychological, and moral effects on the victim; the conditions of the hospital; the relations of patients and doctors; the terrifying treatments; the possibility of death.\" Kostoglotov's central question is what life is worth, and how we know when we have paid too much for it. ", "Belarusian journalist and prose writer, a Russian-language author of meticulously crafted works of depth and introspection that provided a compelling and uncompromising portrayal of the social and political upheaval within the Soviet Union from the postwar era to the fall of communism. She won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2015. One of a minority...", "He was a Nobel Prize-winning Russian poet and writer, in the West best known for his epic novel Doctor Zhivago.", "Isaak Emmanuilovich Babel was a Russia language journalist, playwright, literary translator, and short story writer. He is best known as the author of Red Cavalry, Story of My Dovecote, and Tales of Odessa, all of which are considered masterpieces of Russian literature. Babel has also been acclaimed as \"the greatest prose writer of Russian Jewry.\" Loyal to, but not uncritical of, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Isaak Babel fell victim to Joseph Stalin's Great Purge due to his long-term affair with the wife of NKVD chief Nikolai Yezhov. Babel was arrested by the NKVD at Peredelkino on the night of May 15, 1939. After, \"confessing,\" under torture to being a Trotskyist terrorist and foreign spy, Babel was shot on January 27, 1940. The arrest and execution of Isaak Babel has been labeled a catastrophe for world literature.", "Russian playwright and short story writer whose most famous works of dramatic realism include Uncle Vanya, The Seagull, Three Sisters, and The Cherry Orchard. His literary work is marked by an objective presentation of character and a reluctance to neatly answer questions.", "The great prose decade opens with two essays that examine literature in the perspective of history and ethics: \"The Poet and Time\" (Poet i vremya) and \"Art in the Light of Conscience\" (Iskusstvo pri svete sovesti), both published in 1932. In 1933 Tsvetaeva's prose began to draw heavily on her past, although few of the some twenty prose pieces of this period can be called \"autobiographical\" in the usual sense of that word. Rather, the prose begins from Tsvetaeva's strongly-sensed duty to preserve a vanished past and then plunges beyond autobiography into a mythic recreation of her childhood that serves, in turn, as a metaphor for the genesis and destiny of the poet. This mytho-biography emerges in four long prose pieces. Written separately and published in rather misleading alternation with more conventionally autobiographical short works, \"The House at Old Pimen\" (Dom u Starogo Pimena, 1934), \"Mother and Music\" (Mat' i muzyka, 1935), \"The Devil\" (Chert, 1935), and \"My Pushkin\" (Moi Pushkin, 1937), present the ancestry and birth of the poet in quasi-autobiographical settings which, although charmingly authentic, function primarily as clues to the literary and mythical constants in which the poet's real life is lived.", "Fifty-four stories by the noted Russian writer. Includes several of his semifictional \"autobiographical\" stories, as well as selections from Red Cavalry, tales of his service in the Red Army in 1920 during Russia's civil war, and Odessa Stories, a collection of vignettes about Russian Jewish life. 1994.", "The sadness and sorrow of war is expressed in Tvardovsky's 1946 poem Dom u Dorogi (\"House by the Road\"), which describes life in Russia under Nazi occupation. For this, Tvardovsky won yet another Stalin Prize in 1947. In 1946 he also composed a requiem for the fallen heros, Ya Ubit Podo Rzhevom.", "This is the more trenchant part of the book; the other is a sombre assessment of the hopes that arose from the ‘thaw’ and the ultimate disappointment. Kostoglotov, the political exile, drags himself to the cancer hospital an almost dead man. Unlike in the others the hospital has wrought a wonder in him. He tells his doctors: ‘My whole attitude to the world has changed. When I arrived I was a dead. man. Now I'm alive.’", "39. This author tells of Dmitri and Anna's close friendship in \"The Lady with the Dog.\" In another story, a lawyer and a banker make a wager about whether the death penalty is worse than life imprisonment. Name the Russian author of \"The Bet.\"", "He fought in the Great Patriotic War and wrote numerous military sketches and stories. Other works include a children's book, Vospitaniye Dushi (\"Education of the Soul\") (published in 1962); a tale about S.M. Kirov, Syn Partii (\"Son of the Party\") (published in 1964); and some books of reminiscences, Sovremenniki (\"Contemporaries\") (1958) and Svyaz Vremyon (\"Connection of Times\") (published 1962)." ]

[ 8.3046875, 7.21875, 7.1953125, 5.02734375, 4.359375, 4.3515625, 3.625, 3.103515625, 2.6953125, 2.1640625, 1.904296875, -0.3037109375, -0.537109375, -1.1650390625, -1.46484375, -1.9931640625, -2.40625, -3.15234375, -3.1875, -3.349609375, -3.52734375, -4.45703125, -4.87109375, -5.51953125, -5.609375, -6.9296875, -7.140625, -7.48046875, -7.80859375, -8.1640625, -8.5703125, -9.234375 ]

[ "In 1998, he released the soul-influenced Pilgrim, his first album of all new material in nine years. In 2000, he continued his love affair with the blues when he recorded an album with American blues legend, B.B. King. Riding With The King was released in June and within three weeks of release, was certified gold. Reptile was released in March 2001. In late 2002, he began to record a new studio album. Work continued through the summer of 2003 and enough material was recorded for two albums. In addition to new solo material, Eric recorded covers of Robert Johnson songs during these sessions. The Johnson songs were assembled and in March 2004, Eric’s tribute album, Me and Mr. Johnson was released. The solo material recorded during these sessions was released in 2005 on Back Home. In his more than 40 year career, Eric Clapton has received many awards. He is the only triple inductee into the Rock & Roll Hall Of Fame (as a member of both the Yardbirds and Cream and as a solo artist). He has also won or shared in eighteen Grammy Awards.", "Slowhand is the fifth studio album by English recording artist Eric Clapton, released in November 1977 by RSO Records. The album was titled after Clapton’s nickname, which was given to him by Giorgio Gomelsky. The album peaked at number two on the US Billboard 200, and produced three hit singles on the Hot 100: “Lay Down Sally”, “Wonderful Tonight” and “Cocaine”.", "Not surprisingly, before his solo debut had even been released, Clapton had retreated from his solo stance, assembling from the D&B&F ranks the personnel for a group, Derek & the Dominos , with whom he played for most of 1970 and recorded the landmark album Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs . Clapton was largely inactive in 1971 and 1972, due to heroin addiction, but he performed a comeback concert at the Rainbow Theatre in London on January 13, 1973, resulting in the album Eric Clapton's Rainbow Concert (September 1973). But Clapton did not launch a sustained solo career until July 1974, when he released 461 Ocean Boulevard , which topped the charts and spawned the number one single \"I Shot the Sheriff.\"", "Clapton performed a two-night show with Jeff Beck at London's O2 Arena on 13-14 February 2010. The two former Yardbirds extended their 2010 tour with stops at Madison Square Garden, the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, and the Bell Centre in Montreal. Clapton performed a series of concerts in 11 cities throughout the United States from 25 February to 13 March 2010, including Roger Daltrey as opening act. His third European tour with Steve Winwood began on 18 May and ended 13 June, including Tom Norris as opening act. He then began a short North American tour lasting from 26 June to 3 July, starting with his third Crossroads Guitar Festival on 26 June in Bridgeview, Illinois. Clapton released a new studio album, Clapton, on 27 September 2010 in the United Kingdom and 28 September 2010 in the United States. On 17 November 2010, Clapton performed as guest on the Prince's Trust rock gala held at the Royal Albert Hall, supported by the house band for the evening, which included Jools Holland, Midge Ure and Mark King.", "Somehow in all of this activity, Eric managed to release his first solo album, Eric Clapton, which was released in August 1970 and was essentially Eric fronting the Delaney and Bonnie band, with songs co writen by Delaney Bramlett and Clapton. The single however, was a J.J.Cale cover 'After Midnight'.", "Elton John (7 times, including 1975, 1984, 1992 and 1998 and with Eric Clapton in June 1992. He headlined The Summer of 84 concert, part of his European Express Tour, along with bands such as Paul Young, Kool and The Gang and Wang Chung. The show was recorded for a Showtime concert special.)", "In 1984 he performed on Pink Floyd member Roger Waters' solo album, The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking, and went on tour with Waters following the release of the album. Since then Waters and Clapton have had a close relationship. In 2005 they performed together for the Tsunami Relief Fund. In 2006 they performed at the Highclere Castle, in aid of the Countryside Alliance, playing two set pieces of \"Wish You Were Here\" and \"Comfortably Numb\". Clapton, now a seasoned charity performer, played at the Live Aid concert on 13 July 1985. When offered a slot close to peak viewing hours, he was apparently flattered. As Clapton recovered from his addictions, his album output continued in the 1980s, including two produced with Phil Collins, 1985's Behind the Sun, which produced the hits \"Forever Man\" and \"She's Waiting\", and 1986's August.", "In 1962, Clapton started performing as a duo with fellow blues enthusiast David Brock in pubs around Surrey.Thompson, Dave (2006) Cream: How Eric Clapton Took the World by Storm pgs. 31–32. Virgin Books, 2006 When he was seventeen years old, Clapton joined his first band, an early British R&B group, the Roosters, whose other guitarist was Tom McGuinness. He stayed with this band from January until August 1963. In October of that year, Clapton did a seven-gig stint with Casey Jones & the Engineers.", "As Clapton states in his autobiography, the house in question is known as Hurtwood Edge. When interviewed in the Martin Scorsese documentary George Harrison: Living in the Material World, Clapton said he believed the month was April. Data from two meteorological stations in the London area show that April 1969 set a record for sunlight hours for the 1960s. The Greenwich station recorded 189 hours for April, a high that was not beaten until 1984. The Greenwich data also show that February and March were much colder than the norm for the 1960s, which would account for Harrison's reference to a \"long, cold, lonely winter\". ", "Eric Clapton is a regular performer at the Hall, it having played host to his concerts almost annually for over 20 years. In December 1964, Clapton made his first appearance at the Hall with the Yardbirds. It was also the venue for his band Cream's farewell concerts in 1968 and reunion shows in 2005. He also instigated the Concert for George, which was held at the Hall on 29 November 2002 to pay tribute to Clapton's lifelong friend, former Beatle George Harrison. Since 1964, Clapton has performed at the Hall almost 200 times, and has stated that performing at the venue is like \"playing in my front room\". ", "After the dissolution, Clapton turned away from touring and recording to nurse an intense heroin addiction. Clapton's three-year career hiatus was interrupted only by his participation in Harrison's Concert for Bangladesh in August 1971, along with a large cast of musicians, including Leon Russell, Keltner and Radle; a guest appearance at Russell's December 1971 show at London's Rainbow Theatre; and his own Rainbow Concert, in January 1973, which Pete Townshend of the Who organised to help Clapton kick the drug and build momentum for his return. ", "All the music, sand and sunshine, however, could not deter Eric’s obsessive thoughts about Patti. What once was a recreational activity, namely, drugs and alcohol, became the anesthetic to blunt his ever-increasing depression. The studio in Miami turned into a veritable powder and booze den. “We were dabbling and f***ing around with everything,” Clapton told author Michael Schumacher. “It was like a snort of coke in one nostril, a snort of smack in the other, a pint of cheap wine in one ear, a bottle of Scotch in the other – it was just full out.” After the group arrived back in London in September 1970, the party simply rumbled on as the guys wound up living together under one roof. The album was just about completed except for a vocal polish on “Layla.” “We’d finished all the other tracks, so I invited Patti’s sister Paula to come and hear me sing ‘Layla’ for the first time,” Eric recalled to Ray Coleman. “When she heard that vocal, she packed her bags and left my home in great distress. Because she realized it was about Patti and that I’d been using her, I suppose.”", "A breakthrough album, Eric Clapton was highlighted by �Let It Rain�, J.J. Cale�s �After Midnight� and the Leon Russell composition, �Blues Power�. By mid-1970, Clapton�s session group would evolve, with only a few changes, into Derek & The Dominoes. After appearing on the seminal Clapton album, Layla And Other Assorted Love Songs, Radle quit the group over personality differences with Clapton. During this period Radle joined Joe Cocker�s 20-musician ensemble for the Mad Dogs And Englishmen tour, backed George Harrison on All Things Must Pass, and appeared at the charity concert and subsequent album, The Concert For Bangla Desh. Returning to Tulsa, Radle briefly reunited with Russell. Rejoining Clapton�s group in 1973, Radle appeared on four albums � 461 Ocean Boulevard, There�s One in Every Crowd, the live E.C. Was Here, and the classic Slowhand � performing on tracks such as �I Shot The Sheriff� (1974), �Lay Down Sally� (1977), �Wonderful Tonight� (1978) and �Promises� (1978). Clapton hired a new backing band in 1979 with new bass player Dave Markee. Long-term alcohol and heroin abuse resulting in kidney shutdown. - Died May 30, 1980.", "The 1990s brought a series of 32 concerts to the Royal Albert Hall, such as the 24 Nights series of concerts that took place around January through February 1990, and February to March 1991. On 1990, fellow blues guitarist Stevie Ray Vaughan, who was touring with Clapton, and three members of their road crew were killed in a helicopter crash between concerts. Then, on 1991, Clapton's four-year-old son, Conor, died after falling from the 53rd-floor window of his mother's friend's New York City apartment at 117 East 57th Street. Conor's funeral took place on 28 March at St Mary Magdalene's Church in Clapton's home village in Ripley, Surrey. ", "Using the Bramletts' backing group and an all-star cast of session players (including Leon Russell and Stephen Stills), Clapton recorded his first solo album during two brief tour hiatuses, titled Eric Clapton. Delaney Bramlett co-wrote six of the songs with Clapton, also producing the LP, and Bonnie Bramlett co-wrote \"Let It Rain\". The album yielded the unexpected US No. 18 hit, J. J. Cale's \"After Midnight\". Clapton also worked with much of Delaney and Bonnie's band to record George Harrison's All Things Must Pass in spring 1970. During this busy period, Clapton recorded with other artists including Dr. John, Leon Russell, Plastic Ono Band, Billy Preston, Ringo Starr and Dave Mason. Other notable recordings from this period include Clapton's guitar work on \"Go Back Home\" from Stephen Stills' self-titled first solo album.", "Delaney Bramlett encouraged Clapton in his singing and writing. During the summer of 1969, Clapton and Bramlett contributed to the Music From Free Creek \"supersession\" project. Clapton, appearing as \"King Cool\" for contractual reasons, played with Dr. John on three songs, joined by Bramlett on two tracks.", "Signed book: 24 Nights. Limited edition of 3500 copies (this being No. 2347) presented in a clamshell box. England: Genesis Publications, 1991. Hardcover ‘scrapbook,’ 8.5 x 12. Signed on the colophon in the scrapbook blue ink, “Eric Clapton 91,” and in black ink by Peter Blake. The other components present include a second book, two CDs, four guitar picks, a ‘badge’ button, backstage passes. and a guitar string. In very fine condition. Pre-certified Roger Epperson/REAL and RR Auction COA.", "Eric Patrick Clapton is an English rock and blues guitarist, singer and songwriter. He is the only three-time inductee to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame: once as a solo artist and separately as a member of the Yardbirds and Cream. He has also been a member of Derek and the Dominos.", "The band made its unofficial debut at the Twisted Wheel on 29 July 1966. Its official debut came two nights later at the Sixth Annual Windsor Jazz & Blues Festival. Being new and with few original songs to its credit, they performed blues reworkings that thrilled the large crowd and earned it a warm reception. In October the band also got a chance to jam with Jimi Hendrix, who had recently arrived in London. Hendrix was a fan of Clapton's music, and wanted a chance to play with him onstage.", "Early in the summer of 1970, Clapton asked former Apple Records employee Chris O'Dell to find accommodation for Whitlock, Gordon and Radle in central London, telling O'Dell that they were \"going bonkers\" out in the Surrey countryside. The band then moved into a two-storey flat at 33 Thurloe Place, close to South Kensington tube station. The flat also served as a meeting place for Clapton and Boyd, who found herself flattered by Clapton's attention in light of her husband's infidelities and his preoccupation with Eastern spirituality. In his autobiography, Clapton wrote that he was both inspired and \"tormented\" by his feelings for Boyd, which he channelled into his music, beginning with a UK tour by Derek and the Dominos. ", "GEORGE 1980: \"...written at a time when Apple was getting like school, where we had to go and be businessmen-- all this signing accounts, and 'sign this' and 'sign that.' Anyway, it seems as if winter in England goes on forever; by the time spring comes you really deserve it. So one day I decided, 'I'm going to sag-off Apple,' and I went over to Eric Clapton's house. I was walking in his garden. The relief of not having to go and see all those dopey accountants was wonderful. And I was walking around the garden with one of Eric's acoustic guitars, and wrote 'Here Comes The Sun.'\"", "1974: Eric Clapton starts a four-week run at No. 1 on the album chart with \"461 Ocean Boulevard.\"", "Eric Clapton (born Eric Patrick Clapp in Ripley, Surrey, England on 30 March 1945), nicknamed \"Slowhand\", is a Grammy Award winning English composer,…", "After the breakup of Cream, Clapton formed yet another band, Blind Faith, but the group broke up after only one album and a disastrous American tour. Then, in 1970, he formed Derek and the Dominos, and went on to compose and record one of the seminal albums of rock history, Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs. A concept album about unrequited love, Clapton wrote Layla to express his desperate affection for Pattie Boyd, the wife of the Beatles' George Harrison. The album was critically acclaimed but a commercial failure, and in its aftermath a depressed and lonely Clapton deteriorated into three years of heroin addiction.", "His tenure in the short-lived Blind Faith would lead into a sideman’s spot in the Delaney & Bonnie group, then his first solo album and then into his masterpiece, Derek and Dominos’ Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs, which also featured Duane Allman. Though the album was a creative highpoint for Clapton, it initially fell on stony critical ground and did not sell like his previous efforts, which led to him to withdraw from the music scene altogether by the end of 1971.", "\"Here Comes the Sun\" is one of George Harrison�s best-known songs; it was written in Eric Clapton's garden in Surrey, England.", "In the mid sixties, Clapton left the Yardbirds to play blues with John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers. In his one-year stay with Mayall, Clapton gained the nickname \"Slowhand\", and graffiti in London declared \"Clapton is God.\" Immediately after leaving Mayall, Clapton formed with drummer Ginger Baker and bassist Jack Bruce the trio Cream, in which Clapton played sustained blues improvisations and \"arty, blues-based psychedelic pop.\" For most of the seventies, Clapton's output bore the influence of the mellow style of J.J. Cale and the reggae of Bob Marley. His version of Marley's \"I Shot the Sheriff\" helped gain reggae a mass market. Two of his most popular recordings were \"Layla\", recorded by Derek and the Dominos, and Robert Johnson's \"Crossroads\", recorded by Cream. A recipient of seventeen Grammy Awards, in 2004 Clapton was awarded a CBE for services to music. In 1998 Clapton, a recovering alcoholic and heroin addict, founded the Crossroads Centre on Antigua, a medical facility for recovering substance abusers.", "In 1973, June had declined to go to Munich. Her idea of success was to sit in the garden of Eric Clapton’s house in the Surrey stockbroker belt, a glass of bubbly in one hand, a joint in the other. The recording studio was becoming Marc’s home, the American stage his holiday destination.", "1979, Eric Clapton held a party at his Surrey house celebrating his recent marriage to Patti Boyd. Clapton had set-up a small stage in the garden and as the evening progressed Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr ended up jamming together along with Clapton, Ginger Baker and Mick Jagger. The all-star band ran through old Little Richard and Eddie Cochran songs.", "2013: Richie Havens, who rose to fame as the opening act at the Woodstock Festival in 1969, died following a heart attack at the age of 72. Havens legendarily opened the 1969 Woodstock rock festival, playing for nearly three hours. The promoters kept extending his set because other performers could not get to the site, due to traffic congestion. Later, he dabbled in acting, performed at Bill Clinton’s inauguration, and co-headlined the 1996 Tibetan Freedom Concert for an audience of more than 100,000. During his lengthy career he scored just one Billboard Top 40 hit, a cover of George Harrison’s ‘Here Comes The Sun,’ which reached #16 in 1971.", "For some time in the 1970s, Eric Clapton withdrew from public performance. In 1973, Pete Townsend of The Who organised a comeback concert for him.", "This instrumental was named after and dedicated to the yacht that Eric Clapton chartered while on holiday in 1991. It was one of the first songs he started to write after his son’s death. It was a way for him to start the healing process." ]

[ 1.37109375, 0.60302734375, 0.5712890625, 0.393310546875, 0.1630859375, -0.205322265625, -0.84814453125, -0.89599609375, -1.4775390625, -1.97265625, -2.037109375, -2.138671875, -2.140625, -2.27734375, -2.859375, -3.3203125, -3.4609375, -3.494140625, -3.8515625, -3.994140625, -4.01953125, -4.28125, -5.109375, -5.30078125, -6.19140625, -6.2109375, -6.32421875, -7.39453125, -7.953125, -8.3515625, -8.5078125, -8.5234375 ]

[ "Maggie's first word was provided by the Academy Award-winning actress Elizabeth Taylor, who would also voice herself in the season four finale, \"Krusty Gets Kancelled\". While promoting the episode, the producers initially did not reveal who the voice of Maggie would be, prompting speculation as to the identity of the actress. Although it was only one word, the voice came out \"too sexy\" and Taylor had to record the part numerous times before the producers were satisfied and thought it sounded like a baby. Several sources, including John Ortved's The Simpsons history article \"Simpsons Family Values\" in Vanity Fair, have reported that after Taylor had been made to repeatedly record the line, she said \"fuck you\" to series creator Matt Groening and stormed out of the studio. Groening recounted this event on a 1994 appearance on Late Night with Conan O'Brien, and was also quoted by the New York Daily News in 2007 as saying \"We did 24 takes, but they were always too sexual. Finally Liz said, 'F— you,' and walked out.\" However, Groening later denied the story in the DVD commentary for the episode \"Gump Roast\", while Jean stated in a piece after Taylor's death in 2011 that Taylor had said \"fuck you\" in jest and in Maggie's voice and did not storm out. ", "Maggie's first word in the series \"The Simpsons\" (other than in dream sequences) was in the episode in \"Maggie's First Word\". Elizabeth Taylor spoke that one word line, \"Daddy.\"", "While trying to get Maggie to say her first words, Homer recalls what happened a few years back when Lisa was born, when they first moved into their present home, and what Lisa said her first words. Elizabeth Taylor provides Maggie's first word.", "Maggie's first word spoken in the normal continuity of the series occurred in \" Lisa's First Word \", when she was voiced by Elizabeth Taylor . Elizabeth Taylor's performance as Maggie was named the thirteenth greatest guest spot in the history of the show by IGN. James Earl Jones , who voiced Maggie in Treehouse of Horror V was in seventh place. She would later have brief dialogue in Treehouse of Horror IX , voiced by Harry Shearer using Kang's voice. In earlier episodes, Yeardley Smith did many of Maggie's squeaks and occasional speaking parts, although in later seasons her parts were done by Nancy Cartwright . Although she has spoken many times, she has only had two canonical speeches that were real within the series. Her first canon speech was in Lisa's First Word , and this word was \"daddy\" (as both Bart and Lisa grew up calling Homer his given name); however, only the viewers and not the family heard her say this (at least until the Father's Day clip show). Her second speech was in Coming to Homerica . This time, the family did hear her speak.", "\"Lisa's First Word\" is the tenth episode of The Simpsons' fourth season. It was first broadcast on Fox in the United States on December 3, 1992. In the episode, as the Simpson family gathers around Maggie and tries to encourage her to say her first word, Marge reminisces and tells the story of Lisa's first word. Elizabeth Taylor appeared for the voicing of Maggie's first word.", "Although she had previously spoken in fantasies and dream sequences, Maggie's first word spoken in the normal continuity of the series occurred in \"Lisa's First Word\", when she was voiced by Elizabeth Taylor. Although it was only one word (\"Daddy\"), Taylor had to record the part numerous times before the producers were satisfied. James Earl Jones voiced Maggie in \"Treehouse of Horror V\". Maggie would later have brief dialogue in \"Treehouse of Horror IX\", voiced by Harry Shearer, who used his Kang voice. In earlier episodes, Yeardley Smith did many of Maggie's squeaks, cries, laughs and occasional speaking parts,Smith, Yeardley. (2007). Commentary for The Simpsons Movie [DVD]. 20th Century Fox. although in the later seasons her parts are done by Nancy Cartwright (including a single word spoken during the end credits of The Simpsons Movie). Jodie Foster voiced a Howard Roark-inspired Maggie in the season 20 episode \"Four Great Women and a Manicure\". ", "Maggie is the youngest child of Marge and Homer, and sister to Bart and Lisa. She is often seen sucking on her red pacifier and, when she walks, she trips over her clothing and falls on her face (this running gag is used much more in earlier seasons). Being an infant, she cannot talk. She is a counterpart to Lisa Simpson. However, she did appear to talk in the first Tracy Ullman short. Therefore, she is the least seen and heard member of the Simpson family.", "Along with Mark Hamill and Joe Mantegna , she was one of only three actors to play both themselves and a fictional character in The Simpsons (1989). She supplied the voice of Maggie Simpson in the Season Four episode \"Lisa's First Word\" and portrayed herself in the Season Four episode \"Krusty Gets Kancelled\".", "Jodie Foster and Anne Hathaway are set to voice characters on 'The Simpsons'.The 'Silence of the Lambs' actress will be lend her voice to an adult version of Maggie, the youngest member of Springfield's most famous family, in an episode entitled 'Four Great Women and A Manicure'.The programme will be aired in the US in early 2009 as part of the animated show's 20th season.This will be the first time Maggie has properly spoken on the TV show. She previously said the word 'Daddy' in one episode - which was voiced by screen legend Elizabeth Taylor.Anne - who is most famous for starring in Disney movies 'The Princess Diaries' and 2006 magazine-based comedy 'The Devil Wears Prada' alongside Meryl Streep - will join the cast in an episode called 'The Good, the Sad and the Drugly'.The 25-year-old beauty will be voicing a \"new, sweet and caring character\" that Bart Simpson falls for, and attempts to change himself into a \"good Samaritan\" to woo her.The Simpsons, created Matt Groening, follows the Simpson family - parents Homer and Marge and children Bart, Lisa and Maggie - as they lead their eventful daily lives.", "Set in the fictional town of Springfield, The Simpsons skewers American culture and society with its chronicles of a middle-class family comprised of the buffoonish husband and father Homer Simpson, a safety inspector at a nuclear power plant; his well-meaning, sometimes gullible wife Marge; and their troublemaker son Bart, precocious daughter Lisa and baby Maggie. The Simpsons is known for its sharp writing (Conan O’Brien used to write for the show before he became a late-night TV host) and features a large cast of supporting characters, including Homer’s boss and nemesis, Mr. Burns; the Simpsons’ neighbor Ned Flanders, a devout Christian; and Krusty the Clown. In addition to providing the voice of Marge Simpson, Julie Kavner also voices the characters Patty and Selma, Marge’s chain-smoking twin sisters. A long list of celebrities, including Kelsey Grammer, Larry King, Sting, Hugh Hefner, Ringo Starr, J.K. Rowling, Tony Blair, Stephen Hawking, 50 Cent and Mel Gibson have made guest appearances on the show as themselves or fictional characters.", "Taylor became the voice of Maggie Simpson in a 1992 episode of The Simpsons, when Maggie uttered her first word. She received the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award at the 1992 Oscar ceremony and took home the American Film Institute Life Achievement Award in 1993. Taylor returned to the big screen to play Fred's mother-in-law, Pearl Slaghoople, in 1994's feature film The Flintstones.", "With few exceptions, Maggie never speaks but is very participatory in the events around her, emoting with subtle gestures and facial expressions. Maggie has spoken in \" Good Night \", the first short to air, after the family falls asleep. There was another time she had tried to talk in Making Faces short upon the task given by Bart and Lisa. On this occasion, Liz Georges provided the voice of Maggie. In \" Bart vs. Thanksgiving \", Bart has a vision of what could happen if he returned home after destroying Lisa's centerpiece. In this vision, Maggie says to him telepathically: \"It's your fault I can't talk!\"", "Margaret “Maggie” Simpson is a fictional character in the animated television series The Simpsons. She first appeared on television in the Tracey Ullman Show short “Good Night” on April 19, 1987. Maggie was created and designed by cartoonist Matt Groening while he was waiting in the lobby of James L. Brooks’s office. She received her first name from Groening’s youngest sister. After appearing on The Tracey Ullman Show for three years, the Simpson family was given their own series on the Fox Broadcasting Company which debuted December 17, 1989.", "Homer Jay Simpson, voiced by Dan Castellaneta, is the father of the Simpson family. He embodies several American working class stereotypes: he is crude, overweight, incompetent, clumsy, thoughtless and a borderline alcoholic. He has occasionally displayed flashes of great intellect and fitness whenever the situation calls for it, and an integrity reflecting his own values, including a fierce devotion to and protectiveness of his family. His voice started out as an impression of Walter Matthau but eventually evolved into a more robust voice during the second and third season of the half-hour show, allowing Homer to cover a fuller range of emotions. Homer has since become one of the most influential fictional characters and has been described by the UK newspaper The Sunday Times as the greatest comedic creation of modern time. He has inspired an entire line of merchandise, and his catchphrase, the annoyed grunt \"D'oh!\", has been included in the Oxford English Dictionary. ", "Infidelity was a strong theme in early Simpsons’ episodes, but it was only until Lurleen Lumpkin finally wrote down her feelings for Homer in song much to Marge’s teeth-grinding chagrin. Beverly D’Angelo’s performances showcase both her acting and singing chops, able to effectively portray a southern country singer and give the musical touch as well. While her character fell to lesser fates waking up in a ditch, D’Angelo’s early performance in “Colonel Homer” solidified the “Vacation”-ing actress as one of early Simpsons’ best guest voices.", "\"I see trees of green, red roses too ...\" from the episode \" Every Man's Dream \" - Maggie's first singing quote. She sings a blip of What a Wonderful World in Homer's dream.", "All episodes (with the exception of one) list only the voice actors (not the characters they voice) in keeping with the mystique of having the audience not associate any one character with an actor — this is to discourage the audience from easily identifying exactly which voice actor did what. Yeardley Smith , voice actress of Lisa Simpson, and Marcia Wallace , voice actress of Edna Krabappel , are the only cast members who only do one voice, though both have on occasion voiced one-shot characters. Dan Castellaneta performs the voices of Homer Simpson and his dad, Abraham Simpson, while Julie Kavner performs the voices of Marge Simpson's family. Nancy Cartwright performs the voice of Bart Simpson and other children from the school that he attends. Guest stars had performed as well. For an in-depth list of cast members, see List of cast members of The Simpsons .", "During the first two seasons of The Simpsons, Bart was the show's breakout character and \"Bartmania\" ensued, spawning Bart Simpson-themed merchandise touting his rebellious attitude and pride at underachieving, which caused many parents and educators to cast him as a bad role model for children. Around the third season, the series started to focus more on the family as a whole, though Bart still remains a prominent character. Time named Bart one of the 100 most important people of the 20th century, and he was named \"entertainer of the year\" in 1990 by Entertainment Weekly. Nancy Cartwright has won several awards for voicing Bart, including a Primetime Emmy Award in 1992 and an Annie Award in 1995. In 2000, Bart, along with the rest of his family, was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.", "\"D'oh!\" ( ) is a catchphrase used by the fictional character Homer Simpson, from the long-running American animated sitcom The Simpsons (1989–present). It is typically used when Homer injures himself, realizes that he has done something stupid, or when something bad has happened or is about to happen to him. All his prominent blood relations—son Bart, daughters Lisa and Maggie, his father, his mother and half-brother—have also been heard to use it themselves in similar circumstances. On a few occasions Homer's wife Marge and even non-related characters such as Mr. Burns and Sideshow Bob have also used this phrase.", "Bart's voice is provided by Nancy Cartwright, who voices several other child characters on The Simpsons, including Nelson Muntz, Ralph Wiggum, Todd Flanders, and Kearney. While the roles of Homer and Marge were given to Dan Castellaneta and Julie Kavner because they were already a part of The Tracey Ullman Show cast, the producers decided to hold casting for the roles of Bart and Lisa. Yeardley Smith had initially been asked to audition for the role of Bart, but casting director Bonita Pietila believed her voice was too high. Smith later recalled, \"I always sounded too much like a girl. I read two lines as Bart and they said, 'Thanks for coming!'\" Smith was given the role of Lisa instead. On March 13, 1987, Nancy Cartwright went in to audition for the role of Lisa. After arriving at the audition, she found that Lisa was simply described as the \"middle child\" and at the time did not have much personality. Cartwright became more interested in the role of Bart, who was described as \"devious, underachieving, school-hating, irreverent, [and] clever\". Matt Groening let her try out for the part instead, and upon hearing her read, gave her the job on the spot. Cartwright is the only one of the six main Simpsons cast members who had been professionally trained in voice acting prior to working on the show.", "Jacqueline Ingrid Bouvier (née Gurney), voiced by Julie Kavner, is the mother of Marge, Patty and Selma and the widow of Clancy Bouvier. She was first referenced in a flashback in the episode, \"Moaning Lisa\" and made her first appearance in the episode \"Bart vs. Thanksgiving\". She had a sister named Gladys, who is now deceased. Like all Bouvier women, she is voiced by Julie Kavner, and has large, unique hair, resembling Marge's, only a light gray color due to her old age. In her younger days she smoked heavily but now has quit, although she still speaks more raspily than Patty and Selma. Mr. Burns and Abe Simpson once battled for her affections; she became engaged to Burns, but eventually decided not to marry either man. Although it seems that she disapproves of Marge's marriage to Homer, stating that he is never to address her as \"Mom\", she has shown that she does tolerate Homer a lot more than her elder daughters, evident in \"Moe Letter Blues\" when she explained to Homer that Patty and Selma were really at fault for ruining her birthday party and not him. Her name is identical to Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis' maiden name, a reference made to Marge when Lisa wanted to follow the maiden name after uncovering Homer's betting scandal on \"Homer and Lisa Exchange Cross Words\".", "One episode of The Simpsons, entitled \"Colonel Homer\", is partly based on this film. The episode also stars Beverly D'Angelo as cocktail waitress Lurleen Lumpkin, who happens to have a beautiful country singing voice.", "Cartwright received a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance in 1992 for her performance as Bart in the episode \"Separate Vocations\" and an Annie Award in 1995 for Best Voice Acting in the Field of Animation. Bart was named one of the 100 most important people of the 20th century by Time, and in 2000, Bart and the rest of the Simpson family were awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, located at 7021 Hollywood Boulevard. ", "Nancy Cartwright (born October 25, 1957) is an American film and television actress, comedian and voice artist. She is best known for her long-running role as Bart Simpson on the animated television series The Simpsons. Cartwright voices other characters for the show, including Nelson Muntz, Ralph Wiggum, Todd Flanders, Kearney, and Database.", "Cartwright is best known for her role as Bart Simpson on the long-running animated television show The Simpsons . On March 13, 1987, Nancy Cartwright auditioned for a series of animated shorts about a dysfunctional family that was to appear on The Tracey Ullman Show , a sketch comedy program. Cartwright intended to audition for the role of Lisa Simpson , the younger daughter. After arriving at the audition, she found that Lisa was simply described as the middle child and at the time did not have much personality. Cartwright became more interested in the role of Bart, described as \"devious, underachieving, school-hating, irreverent, [and] clever\". [24] Creator Matt Groening let her try out for Bart, and gave her the job on the spot. [25] Bart's voice came naturally to Cartwright, as she had previously used elements of it in My Little Pony, Snorks, and Pound Puppies. [21] Cartwright describes Bart's voice as easy to perform compared with other characters. [21] The recording of the shorts was often primitive; the dialog was recorded on a portable tape deck in a makeshift studio above the bleachers on the set of the The Tracey Ullman Show. Cartwright, the only cast member to have been professionally trained in voice acting, [26] described the sessions as \"great fun\". [27] However, she wanted to appear in the live-action sketches and occasionally showed up for recording sessions early, hoping to be noticed by a producer. [27]", "Cartwright is best known for her role as Bart Simpson on the long-running animated television show The Simpsons. On March 13, 1987, Nancy Cartwright auditioned for a series of animated shorts about a dysfunctional family that was to appear on The Tracey Ullman Show, a sketch comedy program. Cartwright originally intended to audition for the role of Lisa Simpson, the eldest daughter. After arriving at the audition, she found that Lisa was simply described as the middle child and at the time did not have much personality. Cartwright became more interested in the role of Bart, described as \"devious, underachieving, school-hating, irreverent, [and] clever\". Creator Matt Groening let her try out for Bart, and gave her the job on the spot. Bart's voice came naturally to Cartwright, as she had previously used elements of it in My Little Pony, Snorks, and Pound Puppies. Cartwright describes Bart's voice as easy to perform compared with other characters. The recording of the shorts was often primitive; the dialog was recorded on a portable tape deck in a makeshift studio above the bleachers on the set of the The Tracey Ullman Show. Cartwright, the only cast member to have been professionally trained in voice acting, described the sessions as \"great fun\". However, she wanted to appear in the live-action sketches and occasionally showed up for recording sessions early, hoping to be noticed by a producer. ", "Yes, the infamous voice behind Bart Simpson belongs to a woman! Nancy Cartwright, 57, originally auditioned for the role of Lisa Simpson for the animated \"Simpsons\" segment on \"The Tracey Ullman Show\" in the 1980s. However, Cartwright found the role of Bart Simpsons much more appealing and asked series creator Matt Groening if she could also audition for that part. Groening agreed and ended up offering Cartwright the role on the spot due to her voice versatility. She has remained with the series ever since.", "Santa's Little Helper, voiced by Frank Welker and Dan Castellaneta, is the Simpsons' pet greyhound. He first appeared in the series premiere as a race dog adopted by Homer and Bart and has been in the series ever since.", "In 1989, the shorts were spun off into a half-hour show on the Fox network called The Simpsons. Bart quickly became the show's breakout personality and one of the most celebrated characters on television—his popularity in 1990 and 1991 was known as \"Bartmania\". Bart was described as \"television's brightest new star\" by Mike Boone of The Gazette and was named 1990's \"entertainer of the year\" by Entertainment Weekly. Despite Bart's fame, however, Cartwright remained relatively unknown. During the first season of The Simpsons, Fox ordered Cartwright not to give interviews, because they did not want to publicize the fact that Bart was voiced by a woman. Cartwright's normal speaking voice is said to have \"no obvious traces of Bart\", and she believes her role is \"the best acting job in the world\", since she is rarely recognized in public. When she is recognized and asked to perform Bart's voice in front of children, Cartwright refuses because it \"freaks [them] out\". Bart's catchphrase \"Eat My Shorts\" was an ad-lib by Cartwright in one of the original table readings, referring to an incident from her high school days. Once while performing, members of the Fairmont West High School marching band switched their chant from the usual \"Fairmont West! Fairmont West!\" to the irreverent \"Eat my shorts!\" Cartwright felt it appropriate for Bart, and improvised the line; it became a popular catchphrase on the show.", "In 1989, the shorts were spun off into a half-hour show on the Fox network called The Simpsons. Bart quickly became the show's breakout personality and one of the most celebrated characters on television�his popularity in 1990 and 1991 was known as \"Bartmania\". Bart was described as \"television's brightest new star\" by Mike Boone of The Gazette and was named 1990's \"entertainer of the year\" by Entertainment Weekly. Despite Bart's fame, however, Cartwright remained relatively unknown. During the first season of The Simpsons, Fox ordered Cartwright not to give interviews, because they did not want to publicize the fact that Bart was voiced by a woman. Cartwright's normal speaking voice is said to have \"no obvious traces of Bart\", and she believes her role is \"the best acting job in the world\", since she is rarely recognized in public. When she is recognized and asked to perform Bart's voice in front of children, Cartwright refuses because it \"freaks out\". Bart's catchphrase \"Eat My Shorts\" was an ad-lib by Cartwright in one of the original table readings, referring to an incident from her high school days. Once while performing, members of the Fairmont High School marching band switched their chant from the usual \"Fairmont West! Fairmont West!\" to the irreverent \"Eat my shorts!\" Cartwright felt it appropriate for Bart, and improvised the line; it became a popular catchphrase on the show.", "She provided her voice for a 1998 episode of The Simpsons entitled \"When You Dish Upon a Star.\"", "\" The Fabulous Faker Boy \": Bart fakes his way into being a piano-playing virtuoso to impress a Russian girl named Zhenya (voiced by Jane Krakowski). Meanwhile, Marge helps Zhenya's father, Slava (voiced by former SNL cast member Bill Hadernote the cast member behind Stefon the Club Kid ) pass his driver's test, and Homer hides his baldness when the last two hairs on his head fall out." ]

[ 6.12890625, 6.078125, 6.05859375, 4.22265625, 4.18359375, 4.0625, 3.00390625, 2.453125, 2.408203125, 1.931640625, 1.75, 0.88330078125, 0.5107421875, -0.69677734375, -1.2490234375, -1.708984375, -1.94921875, -2.376953125, -3.056640625, -3.49609375, -3.85546875, -4.01953125, -4.12890625, -4.33203125, -5.03515625, -5.17578125, -5.625, -5.68359375, -6.13671875, -6.28515625, -7.515625, -7.9765625 ]

[ "Catch-22, a 1961 novel by American novelist Joseph Heller, is a critique of bureaucracy in general. The phrase \"catch-22\" has come into common use to mean a cyclical conundrum, or \"no-win situation\" based on its meaning in the book as described below. A Catch-22 situation is also inherently self-defeating: the very act of performing it prevents it from happening.", "Catch-22 is a satirical novel by the American author Joseph Heller. He began writing it in 1953; the novel was first published in 1961. It is frequently cited as one of the greatest literary works of the twentieth century. It uses a distinctive non-chronological third-person omniscient narration, describing events from the points of view of different characters. The separate storylines are out of sequence so that the timeline develops along with the plot.", "Catch-22 is a 1970 American satirical black comedy-drama war film adapted from the novel of the same name by Joseph Heller. In creating a black comedy revolving around the \"lunatic characters\" of Heller's satirical anti-war novel set at a fictional World War II Mediterranean base, director Mike Nichols and screenwriter Buck Henry (also in the cast) worked on the film script for two years, converting Heller's complex novel to the medium of film.", "...novelists, profoundly shaken by the bombing of Hiroshima and the real threat of human annihilation, found the conventions of realism inadequate for treating the war’s nightmarish implications. In Catch-22 (1961), Joseph Heller satirized the military mentality with surreal black comedy but also injected a sense of Kafkaesque horror. A sequel, Closing Time (1994), was...", "Brooklyn-born author Joseph Heller is best known for coining the phrase “Catch-22” in his tragicomic World War II novel of the same name.", "* 1961 in literature – Joseph Heller's Catch-22; V. S. Naipaul's A House for Mr. Biswas; Richard Yates's Revolutionary Road; Muriel Spark's The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie; Robert A. Heinlein's Stranger in a Strange Land; Stanisław Lem's Solaris; J. D. Salinger's Franny and Zooey; Jean Genet's The Screens; Roald Dahl's James and the Giant Peach; Death of Ernest Hemingway, Frantz Fanon", "\"It always surprised me that this book of incredible complexity had been created by a guy who hung out at the local deli,\" said Mike Nichols, who directed the film version of Mr. Heller's classic 1961 novel, \"Catch-22.\" \"There were a lot of people who thought he found the manuscript on a dead soldier.\" The crowd laughed.", "...nightmarish implications. In Catch-22 (1961), Joseph Heller satirized the military mentality with surreal black comedy but also injected a sense of Kafkaesque horror. A sequel, Closing Time (1994), was an elegy for the World War II generation. Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., in Slaughterhouse-Five (1969), described the Allied firebombing of the German city of...", "It’s because of Frank Sinatra that we use the phrase “catch-22” today. Well, sort of. Author Joseph Heller tried out Catch-11, but because the original Ocean’s Eleven movie was newly in theaters, it was scrapped to avoid confusion. He also wanted Catch-18, but, again, the recent publication of Leon Uris’ Mila 18 made him switch titles to avoid confusion. The number 22 was finally chosen because it was 11 doubled.", "Catch-22 (1961), Joseph Heller Joseph Heller joined the US Army Air Corps in 1942 at the age of 19, and went on to take part in more than 50 European bombing raids before the end of the Second World War. His military service affected him greatly -- he became an angst-ridden chronic nail-biter, with a habit for screaming in his sleep -- and it took him another eight years to begin dealing with his experiences in writing. After a few dreary post-war years working as a copywriter, one afternoon in 1953 a line simply popped into Heller's head: \"It was love at first sight. The first time he saw the chaplain, Someone [he had yet to name Captain Yossarian] fell madly in love with him.\" Heller wrote the first twenty pages of what he presumed would merely be a short story over the next seven days, but it took him another eight years to complete what would eventually become Catch-22.", "Just before publication, the novel's title was changed to Catch-22 to avoid confusion with Leon Uris' new novel, Mila 18. The novel was published in hardback in 1961 to mixed reviews, with the Chicago Sun-Times calling it \"the best American novel in years\", while other critics derided it as \"disorganized, unreadable, and crass\". It sold only 30,000 hardback copies in the United States in its first year of publication. Reaction was very different in the UK, where, within one week of its publication, the novel was number one on the bestseller lists. In the years after its release in paperback in October 1962, however, Catch-22 caught the imaginations of many baby boomers, who identified with the novel's anti-war sentiments. The book went on to sell 10 million copies in the United States. The novel's title became a standard term in English and other languages for a dilemma with no easy way out. Now considered a classic, the book was listed at number 7 on Modern Library's list of the top 100 novels of the century. The United States Air Force Academy uses the novel to \"help prospective officers recognize the dehumanizing aspects of bureaucracy.\"", "Although “Catch-22” was published in 1961, the book did not find a large following until the late 60s , during the Vietnam War. It was made into a film in 1967 by the writer and director of “The Graduate,” Buck Henry and Mike Nichols.", "Heller wrote Catch-22 while working at a New York City marketing firm producing ad copy. The novel draws heavily on his Air Force experience and presents a war story that is at once hilarious, grotesque, cynical, and stirring. The novel generated a great deal of controversy upon its initial publication in 1961. Critics tended either to adore it or despise it, and those who hated it did so for the same reasons as the critics who loved it. Over time, Catch-22 has become one of the defining novels of the twentieth century. It presents an utterly unsentimental vision of war, stripping all romantic pretenses away from combat, replacing visions of glory and honor with a kind of nightmarish comedy of violence, bureaucracy, and paradoxical madness. This kind of irony has come to be expected of war novels since the Vietnam War, but in the wake of World War II, which most Americans believed was a just and heroic war, Catch-22 was shocking. It proved almost prophetic about both the Vietnam War, a conflict that began a few years after the novel was originally published, and the sense of disillusionment about the military that many Americans experienced during this conflict.", "(1923–  ) writer; born in New York City. He studied at the University of Southern California, New York University (B.A. 1948), Columbia University (M.A. 1949), and Oxford, England (1949–50). He became an advertising writer and promotion manager in New York City (1952–56), and taught at various universities, notably at City College of New York, until 1975. He wrote for television, movies, and theater, but is best known for several novels, most notably his famous antiwar work, Catch-22 (1961).", "Heller wanted to be a writer from an early age; his experiences as a bombardier during World War II inspired Catch-22; Heller later said that he \"never had a bad officer.\" In a 1977 essay on Catch-22, Heller stated that the \"antiwar and antigovernment feelings in the book\" were a product of the Korean War and the 1950s rather than World War II itself. Heller's criticisms are not intended for World War II but for the Cold War and McCarthyism. ", "Through these years he kept writing, and his stories were published from time to time in Esquire, the Atlantic Monthly and Cosmopolitan. During the 1950's, he had written a short story that was evocative of his experiences in the Air Force and in his spare time he expanded it, slowly building it into the novel that was called \"Catch-22.\"", "Catch-22, Joseph Heller. According to Schmoop, “Catch-22 tells the story of one Captain John Yossarian, a man whose job it is to fly bombing missions for the Air Force in WWII. For his service to his country, most Americans would look at him as a hero. From Yossarian's standpoint, though, he sees past all the pomp and patriotism and understands war as something else entirely: sheer madness.", "While Heller was working in the publishing industry in advertising, he began to write short stories, publishing works in Esquire and the Atlantic Monthly. It was through writing short stories that he was inspired to write his most famous novel, “Catch-22.”", "Can there be a more thrilling voice in fiction than Catch-22's Yossarian? From the first page, in which he malingers in hospital with 'a pain in his liver' you feel you want to spend more time with this guy. In Yossarian, Joseph Heller minted a counter-culture Everyman for the late 20th century", "‘ Catch-22 ’ his most successful novel was published in 1961. Its plot revolves around Yossarian and his wartime experiences. It was referred to as ‘the best American novel in years’ by the Chicago Sun times. Its initial response however was not impressive, with the novel selling only 30,000 copies in America. Its success was gradual and once the baby boomers caught its eye, the novel went on to sell more than 10 million copies in the U.S alone. It also ranked 7th on Modern Library’s list of 100 novels of the century.", "This passage from Chapter 5 marks the novel’s first mention of the paradoxical law called “Catch-22.” Over the course of the novel, Catch-22 is described in a number of different ways that can be applied to a number of different aspects of wartime life; here, however, Catch-22 affects Yossarian most specifically. Catch-22 is alarmingly persuasive; even Yossarian accepts what seems to be its logical infallibility. But Catch-22 is an abstract thing; we find out later that Yossarian believes that Catch-22 does not really exist. It is a trap made up of words, and words are faulty things, often misrepresenting reality. What is so upsetting about the way Catch-22 is applied throughout the novel is that real men are sent into real peril based on a few unreal and unreliable words.", "Heller wrote another five novels, each of which took him several years to complete. One of them, Closing Time, revisited many of the characters from Catch-22 as they adjusted to post-war New York. All of the novels sold respectably well, but could not duplicate the success of his debut. Told by an interviewer that he had never produced anything else as good as Catch-22, Heller famously responded, \"Who has?\"", "Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American novelist, short story writer, and journalist. His economical and  understated  style had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction , while his life of adventure and his public image influenced later generations. Hemingway produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, and won the  Nobel Prize in Literature  in 1954. He published seven novels, six short story collections, and two non-fiction works. Additional works, including three novels, four short story collections, and three non-fiction works, were published posthumously. Many of his works are considered classics of  American literature .", "Drawn from his own experiences in World War II, the story’s protagonist is a World War II pilot named Yossarian who attempts an insanity plea to stop having to fly dangerous missions. The term “catch-22” refers to an intractable set of rules that make any choice or escape impossible. When Yossarian pleads insanity to avoid missions, his desire to avoid combat is seen as a mark of his sanity: and thus he cannot be excused from combat.  ", "The novel's title refers to a plot device that is repeatedly invoked in the story. Catch-22 starts as a set of paradoxical requirements whereby airmen mentally unfit to fly did not have to do so, but could not actually be excused. By the end of the novel it is invoked as the explanation for many unreasonable restrictions. The phrase \"Catch-22\" has since entered the English language, referring to a type of unsolvable logic puzzle sometimes called a double bind. According to the novel, people who were crazy were not obliged to fly missions; but anyone who applied to stop flying was showing a rational concern for his safety and, therefore, was sane.", "Also published in 1961 was Vonnegut's short story, \"Harrison Bergeron\", set in a dystopic future where all are equal, even if that means disfiguring beautiful people and forcing the strong or intelligent to wear devices that negate their advantages. Fourteen-year-old Harrison is a genius and athlete forced to wear record-level \"handicaps\" and imprisoned for attempting to overthrow the government. He escapes to a television studio, tears away his handicaps, and frees a ballerina from her lead weights. As they dance, they are killed by the Handicapper General, Diana Moon Glampers. Vonnegut, in a later letter, suggested that \"Harrison Bergeron\" might have sprung from his envy and self-pity as a high school misfit. In his 1976 biography of Vonnegut, Stanley Schatt suggested that the short story shows \"in any leveling process, what really is lost, according to Vonnegut, is beauty, grace, and wisdom\". Darryl Hattenhauer, in his 1998 journal article on \"Harrison Bergeron\", theorized that the story was a satire on American Cold War misunderstandings of communism and socialism.", "(10 October 1930 – 24 December 2008) was a Nobel Prize-winning English playwright, screenwriter, director and actor. One of the most influential modern British dramatists, his writing career spanned more than 50 years. His best-known plays include The Birthday Party (1957), The Homecoming (1964), and Betrayal (1978), each of which he adapted for the screen. His screenplay adaptations of others’ works include The Servant (1963), The Go-Between (1970), The French Lieutenant’s Woman (1981), The Trial (1993), and Sleuth (2007). He also directed or acted in radio, stage, television, and film productions of his own and others’ works.", "In 1962 American writer Ken Kesey (1935–2001) rose to prominence when Viking Press published his first novel, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest. Kesey served as a primary link between the Beatniks of the 1950s and the counter-culture movement of the mid-to-late 1960s, and his 1964 cross-country journey with a band of followers known as the Merry Pranksters was immortalized by Tom Wolfe in The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test in 1968. In 1975 a film version of One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest received five Academy Awards, spreading Kesey's vision to a new generation.", "The 1961 edition includes an introduction by Karl Shapiro written in 1960 and titled \"The Greatest Living Author\". The first three sentences are:", "“I think I was [Bob’s] first writer. Not his first published writer, however, because I worked so slowly,” Heller told an interviewer in 1974. “It came so hard. I really thought it would be the only thing I ever wrote. Working on Catch, I’d become furious and despondent that I could only write a page [or so] a night. I’d say to myself, ‘Christ, I’m a mature adult with a master’s degree in English, why can’t I work faster?’ ”", "In 1968 he published two bestsellers on the same day: The Pump House Gang , made up of more articles about life in the sixties, and The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test , a nonfiction story of the hippie era. In 1970 he published Radical Chic & Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers , a highly controversial book about racial friction in the United States. The first section was a detailed account of a party Leonard Bernstein gave for the Black Panthers in his Park Avenue duplex, and the second portrayed the inner workings of the government's poverty program.", "Leading American dramatist whose best known work, “Death of a Salesman” (1949) won the Pulitzer Prize. Other works include “The Crucible” (1953), “A View From the Bridge” (1955 also a Pulitzer Prize), “After the Fall” (1964) and the screenplay for “The Misfits” (1961)." ]

[ 4.81640625, 4.75390625, 4.75390625, 3.2890625, 2.677734375, 2.439453125, 2.328125, 1.9169921875, 1.861328125, 1.4541015625, 1.3427734375, 0.65625, -0.2071533203125, -0.24267578125, -1.0263671875, -1.2861328125, -1.3115234375, -1.8193359375, -1.9169921875, -2.04296875, -2.904296875, -2.931640625, -3.12109375, -3.7890625, -5.0078125, -5.03125, -5.23046875, -5.65234375, -6.1484375, -6.26953125, -7.9140625, -8.3046875 ]

[ "Burgas Airport , () is an airport in southeast Bulgaria and the second largest airport in the country. The airport is located near to the north neighbourhood of Burgas, Sarafovo almost 10 kilometres from the city centre. Between the airport and the city centre is located Lake Atanasovsko. The airport serves Burgas and seaside resorts of Bulgarian south coast. In 2014, the airport handled 2,522,319 passengers, a 2.0% increase compared to 2013.", "Bourgas (Burgas) International Airport, otherwise known as Sarafovo Airport, is located 6Km North of Bourgas on the Black Sea coast, eastern Bulgaria.", "The city is the fourth largest in Bulgaria with population of 212 000 people and possess the biggest international airport in the country. It is an important industrial and transport centre. It is situated 399 kilometers away from the Bulgarian capital on the largest Black Sea bay. The favourable location of the Bourgas Airport makes it very important for Bulgarian aviation. The airport is important for the country and plays the role of the third emergency airport on the Balkan Peninsula. It occupies 2500000 sq m and performs passenger - cargo flights.", "A full-service FBO with heated hangar at Paris Le Bourget International Airport, supporting trips throughout France and Corsica.", "- October 3 – Turkish Airlines Flight 1476, a Boeing 737-400, is hijacked over Greece. The plane lands in Brindisi, Italy. None of the 113 people on board are hurt.", "Also known as Roissy Airport, Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport (CDG) is the largest international airport in France and the world's 10th busiest airport. It is located 16 miles northeast of Paris and serves as a hub for Air France, Delta Air Lines and XL Airways France, as well as a focus city for Air Méditerranée, EasyJet and Europe Airpost. In 2013, more than 62 million travelers passed through CDG, which has four runways and three terminals. Passengers can fly non-stop between CDG and destinations in Europe, Asia, Africa, North America and South America. Amenities at Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport include free WIFI internet, children's play areas, banks, ATMs, currency exchanges, restaurants, retail stores including duty-free shopping, a music lounge, prayer area and spa services.", "There are five international airports in Hungary: Budapest Liszt Ferenc, Debrecen, Sármellék (also called Hévíz-Balaton Airport), Győr-Pér, and Pécs-Pogány. The national carrier, MALÉV, operated flights to over 60, mostly European cities, but ceased operations in 2012. Low-budget airline WizzAir is based in Hungary, at Ferihegy.", "Istanbul Ataturk airport is the main airport in Turkey and the 14th busiest airport in the world. Located in the European side of Istanbul , It opened in 1924 and was renamed Ataturk airport in 1980. Istanbul Ataturk airport's 3 terminals serve as an international and domestic hub for flights throughout Turkey with flights for over 51 million passengers each year. faciltieis in the airport include duty free stores, gift shops, restaurants, conference halls, VIP lounges, baggage wrapping, currency exchange, and Wi-Fi.", "Athens' Elefthérios Venizélos International Airport [3] located near the Athens suburb of Spáta is the country's largest, busiest airport and main hub, handling over 15 million passengers annually as of 2006. Other major international airports in terms of passenger traffic are, in order of passengers served per year, Heraklion (Nikos Kazantzákis Int'l), Thessaloniki (Makedonia Int'l), Rhodes (Diagóras), and Corfu (Ioánnis Kapodístrias).", "Arrival in Turkey (Istanbul) and meeting at the airport, continue to Domestic Terminal. Fly to Cappadocia.", "In 2012, the construction of Kars–Tbilisi–Baku railway expected to provide transportation between Asia and Europe through connecting the railways of China and Kazakhstan in the east with Turkey's Marmaray to the European railway system in the west. Broad-gauge railways in 2010 stretched for 2918 km and electrified railways numbered 1278 km. By 2010, there were 35 airports and one heliport.", "In 1978, a contract was signed with the UK enabling Rombac to manufacture the BAC One Eleven at Romaero , near Bucharest. Meanwhile, the 707 and Il-62 long-range aircraft were operating New York (via Amsterdam, later London and finally Vienna), Abu-Dhabi-Bangkok-Singapore, and Karachi-Beijing. TAROM was the only Eastern Bloc airline to operate flights to Tel Aviv , Israel.", "The airport overtook Cairo International Airport in 1996 as the busiest airport in Africa and is the fourth-busiest airport in the Africa–Middle East region after Dubai International Airport, Doha International Airport and Abu Dhabi International Airport. In fiscal year 2010, the airport handled 8.82 million departing passengers. ", "Aegean Airlines 51’430 105,8% Aer Lingus 104’042 1,4% Aeroflot 166’456 4,9% Air Algerie 29’954 10,3% Air Canada 122’622 16,1% Air China 54’332 43,1% Air France 695’645 3,2% Air Malta 11’524 39,1% Alitalia 89’426 -6,4% Austrian 150’786 3,3% Azerbaijan Airlines* 2’097 Belavia 8’920 1’773,9% Blue Islands 5’688 -2,7% British Airways 678’993 1,7% Brussels Airlines 348’125 6,8% CSA 9’043 -5,6% easyJet 6’196’126 6,4% Edelweiss Air 12’015 -53,5% Egyptair 43’976 3,9% El Al 52’377 11,8% Emirates 189’126 5,2% Etihad Airways 112’671 -3,2% Etihad Regional (Darwin) 172’603 17,9% Finnair 98’957 1,6% Flybe 23’881 64,8% Germanwings 99’476 669,5% HOP 6’696 2,0% Iberia 269’015 4,0% Icelandair* 9’758 Jet2 44’112 -12,1%", "Manas International Airport (IATA: FRU, ICAO: UAFM) is the main international airport in Kyrgyzstan located 25 km (16 mi) north-northwest of the capital Bishkek.", "As of 2007 Albania has one international airport : Tirana International Airport Nënë Tereza . The airport is linked to 29 destinations by 14 airlines. It has seen a dramatic rise in terms of passenger numbers and aircraft movements since the early 1990s. The data for 2009 is 1.3 million passengers served and an average of 44 landings and takeoffs per day.", "In 1980s, the airport was named after Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the founder and first president of Turkish Republic, and called Istanbul Ataturk International Airport. International aviation sign of the airport is “IST”.", "On 30 March 2008, all Hungarian airports joined the Schengen Agreement and all Schengen flights moved to Terminal 2A, while non-Schengen flights moved to 2B. Terminal 1's low cost carriers were also separated by a glass wall into Schengen and non-Schengen traffic.", "The largest air travel hubs in Europe are, in order, London (LON: LCY, LHR, LGW, STN, LTN), Frankfurt (FRA, HHN), Paris (CDG, ORY), Madrid (MAD), Brussels (BRU) and Amsterdam (AMS) which in turn have connections to practically everywhere in Europe. However, nearly every European city has direct long-distance flights at least to some destinations elsewhere, and other smaller airports can make sense for specific connections: for example, Vienna (VIE) has a very good network of flights to the Middle East and Eastern Europe, while Helsinki (HEL) is the geographically closest place to transfer if coming in from East Asia .", "For the fourth year, Barcelona-El Prat airport has received the award of best airport in Southern Europe presented by Skytrax in the framework of the World Airport Awards 2016. It also won the award in 2011, 2012 and 2014.", "There are several international flights from major international airports to Istanbul, Izmir, Bodrum, Dalaman and Antalya. Turkish airlines operate domestic flights to major Turkish cities. Chartered flights also operate, mainly between May-October.", "Athens is served by the Athens International Airport (ATH), located near the town of Spata, in the eastern Messoghia plain, some 35 km east of Athens. The airport, awarded the \"European Airport of the Year 2004\" Award, is intended as an expandable hub for air travel in southeastern Europe and was constructed in 51 months, costing 2.2 billion euros. It employs a staff of 14,000.", "In 2013 Barcelona Airport handled 35,210,735 passengers. In February 2014 Barcelona-El Prat was the first Spanish airport to receive a daily Airbus A380 operated by Emirates on its routes to Dubai International Airport, an important milestone in its history.", "There are two international airports in the region: Ataturk Airport of Istanbul and Corlu Airport (though Corlu Airport is reserved for flights from ex-Soviet countries only).", "It's very easy to come to Istanbul by air. There are two international airports in Istanbul: Ataturk Airport in Yesilkoy on the European side of the city and Sabiha Gokcen Airport in Kurtkoy on the Asian side. The third international airport is under construction on the European side of the city and it's planned to be opened by the end of 2016, being the biggest airport in whole Europe. There are also a couple of military airports and some private airstrips within the province.", "The Map shows a city map of Istanbul with expressways, main roads and streets, zoom out to find the location of Atatürk International Airport ( IATA Code : IST) which is located in west, and Sabiha Gökçen International Airport ( IATA Code : SAW) 45 km (28 mi) by road, southeast of central Istanbul in the Asian part of the city.", "A second airport, Erebuni Airport, is located just south of the city. Since the independence, \"Erebuni\" is mainly used for military or private flights. The Armenian Air Force has equally installed its base there and there are several MiG-29s stationed on Erebuni's tarmac.", "International airport code is IST. Most of the international and local airline companies land at Ataturk airport.", "*L'Aquila-Preturo Airport is located in the nearby village of Courts and was recently renovated and modernized to accommodate flights presidential G8, specifically moved into the city after the earthquake in Abruzzo. Soon the airport will also be open to civilian traffic.", "The Pera Palace Hotel is located in the Tepebaşı neighbourhood of Pera, once known as \"Little Europe\". It is about 20 km from Atatürk International Airport.", "International airport code is SAW. Some of the international and few local airline companies land at Sabiha Gokcen airport.", "კომპანია FlyGeorgia სულ რამდენიმე წელია, რაც ქართულ საჰაერო ბაზარზე შემოვიდა. მცირე ხნის მანძილზე კი, უკვე მოახერხა თანამედროვე ტექნოლოგიების დანერგვა. FlyGeorgia მომხმარებელს სთავაზობს სხვადასხვა მიმართულებით კომფორტულ და უსაფრთხო ფრენას Airbus-ის თვითმფრინავებით." ]

[ 7.31640625, 7.16015625, 5.43359375, -1.8369140625, -3.36328125, -3.43359375, -4.1328125, -4.3828125, -4.82421875, -4.8671875, -4.87890625, -4.921875, -5.23828125, -5.4765625, -5.546875, -5.765625, -5.890625, -7.4375, -7.46484375, -7.47265625, -7.98046875, -8.0078125, -8.2578125, -8.4921875, -8.90625, -9.359375, -9.796875, -9.859375, -9.9296875, -10.2734375, -10.3515625, -10.96875 ]

[ "Pope John Paul II died on April 2, 2005, and was succeeded by Pope Benedict XVI on April 19, 2005.", "Succeeded Pope John Paul II as Pope on 19 April 2005, with the name of Benedict XVI.", "Pope John Paul II (Latin: Ioannes Paulus II; Italian: Giovanni Paolo II;) born Karol Józef Wojtyła (Polish: [ˈkarɔl ˈjuzɛf vɔjˈtɨwa]; 18 May 1920 ‒ 2 April 2005) served as Pope from 1978 to 2005. He was elected by the second Papal conclave of 1978, which was called after Pope John Paul I, who was elected in August after the death of Pope Paul VI, died after thirty-three days. Then-Cardinal Wojtyła was elected on the third day of the conclave and adopted his predecessor's name in tribute to him. In the years since his death, John Paul II has since been made a saint by the Roman Catholic Church. He is referred to by Roman Catholics as Pope Saint John Paul II or Saint John Paul the Great, for example as a name for institutions.", "Pope John Paul was elected to the papacy on the third ballot of the 1978 Papal Conclave, but the popular man who came to be known as the \"Smiling Pope\" died after just 33 days in office. Pope John Paul was succeeded on 16 October 1978, by Cardinal Karol Wojtyla of Poland, who took the name of Pope John Paul II in deference to his predecessor. He became the first non-Italian Pope to be elected for over 400 years. At just 58 years old, the new Pope also became the youngest pope to be elected in the twentieth century.", "On April 2, 2005 at 9:37 p.m. Blessed Pope John Paul II died. In April of 2009 his successor, Pope Benedict XVI, told Pilgrims gathered in Rome \"With you, I pray for the gift of beatification\". That prayer has been answered. Friday, January 14, 2011 the Holy See released the \"Decree for the Beatification of the Servant of God John Paul II\" which can be read in its entirety here. http://www.radiovaticana.org/EN1/Articolo.asp?c=454138", "* 1978 would become known as the \"Year of Three Popes\". In August, Paul VI, who had ruled since 1963, died. His successor was Cardinal Albino Luciano, who took the name John Paul. But only 33 days later, he was found dead, and the Catholic Church had to elect another pope. On October 16, Karol Wojtyła, a Polish cardinal, was elected, becoming Pope John Paul II. He was the first non-Italian pope since 1523.", "To everyoneâs surprise, he won the election on the eighth ballot on the second day and received 99 votes from 111 participating electors. Succeeding Pope John Paul I, he became Pope John Paul II, the youngest Pope in the history of Rome. On October 22, 1978, his papal inauguration ceremony was organized.", "Pope Saint John Paul II (; ; ), born Karol Józef Wojtyła (; 18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005), was pope from 1978 to 2005. He is widely known to Catholics as Saint John Paul the Great, especially in the names of institutions. ", "When Karol Wojtyla assumed the papacy as Pope John Paul II in 1978, Vatican City was abuzz with rumors about his past. Now, Vatileaks researchers are asking the public for more information about those rumors to finalize a controversial new book about the future Saint’s life. This explosive critique looks at the life of John Paul II from a different perspective and provides radical new information about suppressed aspects of his life that was sourced, in part, from Vatican insiders.", "The election of Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger follows the death of Pope John Paul II on April 2.", "The new pope, who was fifty-eight, was installed on October 22nd and took the name of John Paul II in honour of his predecessor, who had himself taken the names of both his predecessors – John  XXIII and Paul VI. At sixty he survived an assassination attempt in Rome in 1981, when he was shot in St Peter’s Square.", "The world welcomes a new Pope – His name was Karol Jozef Wojtyla, but the world knew him as Pope John Paul II. Born in Poland, John Paul II was the first non-Italian Pope in more than in 400 years when he became Pope in 1978. He made his first public appearance on October 16, 1978, at St. Peter's Square in the Vatican, and before his death in 2005 he was beloved for his commitment to human rights around the world.", "Pope John Paul II was born Karol Józef Wojtyla on May 18, 1920, in Wadowice, Poland. He was ordained in 1946, became the bishop of Ombi in 1958, and became the archbishop of Krakow in 1964. He was made a cardinal by Pope Paul VI in 1967, and in 1978 became the first non-Italian pope in more than 400 years. He was a vocal advocate for human rights and used his influence to effect political change. He died in Italy in 2005. It was announced in July of 2013 that he would be declared a saint in April of the following year.", "He is the first ever pope to visit the White House , [1] and a mosque . [2] He traveled more than any other pope before him, visiting many of the countries of the world. He is also famous for starting the annual World Youth Day . After he was beatified , his title was changed to Blessed John Paul II. John Paul II was canonized by Pope Francis on April 27, 2014 which means that the Polish Pope now known as Saint John Paul II. [3]", "The Cardinals elected him Pope at the Conclave of 16 October 1978, and he took the name of John Paul II. On 22 October, the Lord's Day, he solemnly inaugurated his Petrine ministry as the 263rd successor to the Apostle. His pontificate, one of the longest in the history of the Church, lasted nearly 27 years.", "Pope Benedict XVI, born Joseph Ratzinger (born April 16, 1927) is pope of the Roman Catholic Church . In 1981 Cardinal Ratzinger was appointed prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (formerly known as the Office of the Holy Inquisition) by Pope John Paul II, made a Cardinal Bishop of the episcopal see of Velletri-Segni in 1993, and was elected Dean of the College of Cardinals in 2002, becoming titular bishop of Ostia. He was one of the most influential men in the Vatican and a close associate of the late Pope John Paul II. He presided over the funeral of John Paul II and also presided over the Conclave in 2005. During the sede vacante , he was the highest-ranking official in the Catholic Church.", "John Paul II became Pope on 16 October 1978. John Paul II was the first non- Italian pope in 455 years. He was pope for 27 years, making him the second longest serving pope after Pope Pius IX who held the office for 31 years and seven months. [14] He was also the first and only Slavic pope. John Paul II was the most traveled pope in history with 104 international trips.", "On May 18, 1920, Karol Jozef Wojtyla is born in the Polish town of Wadowice, 35 miles southwest of Krakow.Wojtyla went on to become Pope John Paul II, history’s most well-traveled pope and the first non-Italian to hold the position since the 16th century. After high school, the future pope enrolled at Krakow’s Jagiellonian University, where he studied philosophy and literature and performed in a theater group. During World War II, Nazis occupied Krakow and closed the university, forcing Wojtyla to seek work in a quarry and, later, a chemical factory. By 1941, his mother, father, and only brother had all died, leaving him the sole surviving member of his family.", "Pope Francis (; ; ; born Jorge Mario Bergoglio, 17 December 1936) is the 266th and current Pope of the Roman Catholic Church, a title he holds ex officio as Bishop of Rome, and Sovereign of the Vatican City. He chose Francis as his papal name. Francis is the first Jesuit pope, the first from the Americas, the first from the Southern Hemisphere and the first non-European pope since the Syrian Gregory III, who died in 741.", "On March 13, 2013, at the age of 76, Jorge Bergoglio was named the 266th pope of the Roman Catholic Church—becoming the first citizen from the Americas, the first non-European and first Jesuit priest to be named pope, and adopting the name Pope Francis (he took the title after St. Francis of Assisi of Italy). Prior to the 2013 papal conclave, Pope Francis had served as both archbishop and cardinal for more than 12 years.", "Edwin Smith: Senior Cardinal Deacon Paraguay Filliche put an end to the suspense with his announcement from the balcony that the Cardinals had elected Venice patriarch Albino Luciani to be Pope John Paul I. Although he was a theological conservative, the shy and smarting figure of John Paul I made an immediate popular impression with the crowd’s in the Square, and his popularity was still growing six weeks later when on Friday, September the 29th, the Vatican stunned the world again by announcing that John Paul had been found dead in his bed, again apparently from a heart attack. Once more the Cardinals converged on Rome for a second conclave, and they set the scene for the biggest surprise of all: Cardinal Filliche's announcement that this time they had elected as Supreme Pontiff of the Roman Catholic Church Polish Cardinal Karol Wojtyla, the first non-Italian Pope in 455 years. His election set off great outpourings of joy, both in his native Poland and among the large communities of Polish-Americans in the United States, like Mrs. Jenny Wolshek of North Royalton, Ohio, who came to Rome for his inauguration …", "Cardinal Stanislaw Dziwisz of Krakow has revealed what happened on October 16, 1978, when John Paul II was elected Pope. When “Cardinal Pericle Felici pronounced the name Carolum in Latin, I realized that the unthinkable was about to happen.”", "Pope John Paul I (Latin: Ioannes Paulus PP. I, Italian: Giovanni Paolo I), born Albino Luciani, (17 October 1912 – 28 September 1978), reigned as Pope of the Catholic Church and as Sovereign of Vatican City from 26 August 1978 until his death 33 days later. His reign is among the shortest in papal history, resulting in the most recent Year of Three Popes. John Paul I was the first Pope born in the 20th century.", "Pope John Paul I ( Latin : Ioannes Paulus PP. I, Italian : Giovanni Paolo I), born Albino Luciani, (17 October 1912 – 28 September 1978), reigned as Pope of the Catholic Church and as Sovereign of Vatican City from 26 August 1978 until his death 33 days later. His reign is among the shortest in papal history , resulting in the most recent Year of Three Popes . John Paul I was the first Pope born in the 20th century.", "On Saturday, 2 April 2005, at approximately 15:30 CEST, John Paul II spoke his final words in Polish, \"Pozwólcie mi odejść do domu Ojca\" (\"Allow me to depart to the house of the Father\"), to his aides, and fell into a coma about four hours later. The Mass of the vigil of the Second Sunday of Easter commemorating the canonisation of Saint Maria Faustina on 30 April 2000, had just been celebrated at his bedside, presided over by Stanisław Dziwisz and two Polish associates. Present at the bedside was a cardinal from Ukraine, who served as a priest with John Paul in Poland, along with Polish nuns of the Congregation of the Sisters Servants of the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus, who ran the papal household. Pope John Paul II died in his private apartment at 21:37 CEST (19:37 UTC) of heart failure from profound hypotension and complete circulatory collapse from septic shock, 46 days before his 85th birthday. He had no close family by the time of his death; his feelings are reflected in his words written in 2000 at the end of his Last Will and Testament. Stanisław Dziwisz later said he had not burned the pontiff's personal notes despite the request being part of the will. ", "      The controversy over papal primacy and episcopal collegiality continued during the papacy of John Paul II. Clearly committed to the spirit of Vatican II, John Paul reached out to the people of the world in his many travels and through his internationalization of the College of Cardinals. He maintained an almost ultramontane understanding of papal authority and sharply curtailed the authority of national episcopal conferences. The Roman Curia, a name first used for the body of papal assistants in the 11th century, became increasingly centralized and remained the administrative power in the church. John Paul also reestablished the papacy as a leading moral authority in the world, a role that had become increasingly important after the loss of temporal sovereignty in 1870. Although many Roman Catholics and non-Catholics alike disagreed with him on a number of issues, he remained a highly respected figure on the world stage. During his reign the papacy continued to be a force for international peace, justice, and human rights, as well as a focal point of controversy on matters of gender and sexuality.", "John Paul II was elected on October 16th, 1978. He was the first non-Italian pope to be elected in four centuries.", "John Paul II died on April 2, 2005, at the age of 84, at his Vatican City residence. More than 3 million people waited in line to say good-bye to their beloved religious leader at St. Peter's Basilica before his funeral on April 8.", "1981-05-13 Pope John Paul II is shot and critically wounded by Turkish gunman Mehemet Ali Agca in St Peter's Square, Vatican City", "Image caption John Paul II led the Catholic Church for more than a quarter of a century", "died on April 2, 2005 Apostolic Palace, Vatican City. John Paul II has visited over 100", "In 1978, John Paul made history by becoming the first non-Italian pope in more than four hundred years. As the leader of the Catholic Church, he traveled the world, visiting more than 100 countries to spread his message of faith and peace. But he was close to home when he faced the greatest threat to his life. In 1981, an assassin shot John Paul twice in St. Peter's Square in Vatican City. Fortunately, he was able to recover from his injuries and later forgave his attacker." ]

[ 7.16015625, 6.88671875, 6.5703125, 5.3046875, 4.1953125, 3.830078125, 3.58984375, 2.7421875, 2.576171875, 1.8447265625, 1.6767578125, 1.5048828125, 1.306640625, 0.98193359375, 0.845703125, 0.6181640625, 0.6162109375, 0.372802734375, -0.0301055908203125, -0.468017578125, -1.224609375, -1.6455078125, -2.16015625, -2.1796875, -2.185546875, -2.669921875, -2.7421875, -3.21484375, -4.08203125, -4.16015625, -4.515625, -4.6015625 ]

[ "Salvador Dalí frequently described his paintings as “hand painted dream photographs.” He based this seaside landscape on the cliffs in his home region of Catalonia, Spain. The ants and melting clocks are recognizable images that Dalí placed in an unfamiliar context or rendered in an unfamiliar way. The large central creature comprised of a deformed nose and eye was drawn from Dalí’s imagination, although it has frequently been interpreted as a self-portrait . Its long eyelashes seem insect-like; what may or may not be a tongue oozes from its nose like a fat snail from its shell.", "Although Dali garnered attention through his provocative exploits and theatrical behavior, his paintings were central to the development of the Surrealist aesthetic. Dali's ambition was to \"materialize images of concrete irrationality with the most imperialist fury of precision.\" Dali painted images from a dream world in such exacting clarity and meticulous detail that viewers feel they are entering a hallucinatory landscape. He called these paintings hand-painted dream photographs. They contain strange and bizarre juxtapositions of objects, and the transformation of one form into another form. For example, objects we know as hard and solid appear soft and malleable. Or inanimate objects appear alive and conscious. It's as though the normal laws of physics no longer apply to the people and objects in Dali's created world, much like the irrational and unpredictable world of the dream. We'll see many of these strange transformations in Dali's painting The Persistence of Memory, but first, we suggest listening to a short interpretive sound composition that evokes the essence of Surrealism.", "Dali sometimes referred to his paintings as \"hand-painted dream photographs\" and The Persistence of Memory can certainly be characterized as such.", "Being deliberately naive obviously caused problems, because it was not possible for any painter to adopt a primitive viewpoint all of the time or ‘unlearn' all of their knowledge and preconceptions. Naive art and Dada began to become increasingly fantastic and based less in reality.291 Many artists had been strongly impressed by the ideas of Sigmund Freud and investigated the concept that art cannot be created by waking reason. Painters deliberately set out to paint their subconscious thought; these artists became known as the surrealists.294 Perhaps the most famous surrealist painter was Salvador Dali (1904-1989)295, who tried to reproduce a dream world in his work. Dali's paintings are a confused mix of images, which cleverly blend into one another to form new images.296 Some objects in his paintings are illustrated with extraordinary clarity while some are deliberately vague and cannot quite be made out, like memories of a dream.", "Some of the major painters of this period are Eugène Delacroix, Théodore Géricault, J. Yves Tanguy, René Magritte and Salvador Dalí are particularly known for their realistic depictions of dream imagery and fantastic manifestations of the imagination.", "Eugène Henri Paul Gauguin (;; 7 June 1848 – 8 May 1903) was a French post-Impressionist artist. Underappreciated until after his death, Gauguin is now recognized for his experimental use of color and synthetist style that were distinctly different from Impressionism. His work was influential to the French avant-garde and many modern artists, such as Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse. Gauguin's art became popular after his death, partially from the efforts of art dealer Ambroise Vollard, who organized exhibitions of his work late in his career, as well as assisting in organizing two important posthumous exhibitions in Paris. Many of his paintings were in the possession of Russian collector Sergei Shchukin as well as other important collections.", "In the 1920s, Chagall was claimed as a kindred spirit by the emerging Surrealists, and although he borrowed from them, he ultimately rejected their more conceptual subject matter. Nevertheless, a dream-like quality is characteristic of almost all of Chagall's work; as the poet and critic Guillaume Apollinaire once said, Chagall's work is \"supernatural.\"", "His prints have similar subjects to his paintings, although the twenty-seven self-portraits are relatively more common, and portraits of other people less so. There are forty-six landscapes, mostly small, which largely set the course for the graphic treatment of landscape until the end of the 19th century. One third of his etchings are of religious subjects, many treated with a homely simplicity, whilst others are his most monumental prints. A few erotic, or just obscene, compositions have no equivalent in his paintings. He owned, until forced to sell it, a magnificent collection of prints by other artists, and many borrowings and influences in his work can be traced to artists as diverse as Mantegna, Raphael, Hercules Segers, and Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione. (From wikipedia)", "French painter and printmaker who in his own famous paintings accomplished the transition from the realism of Gustave Courbet to Impressionism. Manet broke new ground in choosing subjects from the events and appearances of his own time and in stressing the definition of painting as the arrangement of paint areas on a canvas over and above its function as representation. Exhibited in 1863 at the Salon des Refusés, his Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe (\" Luncheon on the Grass \") aroused the hostility of the critics and the enthusiasm of a group of young artists who later formed the nucleus of the Impressionists. His other notable works include Olympia (1863) and A Bar at the Folies-Bergère (1882). All of these famous Édouard Manet paintings for sale on this site.", "Claude Monet (14 November 1840 – 5 December 1926) was a founder of French impressionist painting, and the most consistent and prolific practitioner of the movement's philosophy of expressing one's perceptions before nature, especially as applied to plein-air landscape painting. The term Impressionism is derived from the title of his painting Impression, Sunrise (Impression, soleil levant).", "Paul Cézanne (1839–1906) was a French artist and Post-Impressionist painter whose work laid the foundations of the transition from the 19th-century conception of artistic endeavour to a new and radically different world of art in the 20th century. Cézanne can be said to form the bridge between late 19th-century Impressionism and the early 20th century's new line of artistic enquiry, Cubism. Both Matisse and Picasso are said to have remarked that Cézanne \"is the father of us all.\"", "The Starry Night was just one of Van Gogh’s many works. He grew up loving to draw and later matured as an artist. He had 2,100 artworks, including 860 oil paintings and more than 1,300 watercolor paintings, drawings, prints, and sketches. He mostly focused on drawing portraits, including himself and delicately beautiful things like flowers and scenic wheat fields.", "Meyer Schapiro. \"Mondrian: Order and Randomness in Abstract Painting.\" Modern Art: 19th & 20th Centuries, Selected Papers. New York, 1978, p. 245, fig. 6, compares the composition to a painting by Mondrian called \"Trees in Moonlight (Trees on a River Bank)\" (Gemeentemuseum, The Hague).", "Artists have always turned to dreams as a source of inspiration, a retreat from reason, and a space for exploring imagination and desire. In the history of photography, dreams have been most closely associated with the Surrealists, who pushed the technical limits of the medium to transform the camera’s realist documents into fantastical compositions. Whereas their modernist explorations were often bound to psychoanalytic theories, more recently contemporary photographers have pursued the world of sleep and dreams through increasingly open-ended works that succeed through evocation rather than description.", "The resurrection of his painting in our times has encouraged attempts to make up a biography of the man. The very absence of records has encouraged a belief in his exotic character, and has allowed various misinformed explanations of his art. It is no longer necessary to consider defective vision, mental aberration or drug addiction as explanations for his painting. Neither can we know him better by seeking to put an intriguing interpretation on his relationship with Do�a Jer�nima. The fact is, we know practically nothing about the man: time has preserved for us only the splendid revelations of one of the greatest and most individual masters of colour.", "The artist’s most commonly used formula was the usage of rich oil paints upon a huge canvass (with some of them being over 9 feet in width and length). The techniques he learned at the Dusseldorf art school helped him create very exquisite and elaborate replications of the vast and beautiful landscape of Northern America. The dramatic details of his works, resulting from the marriage of fine strokes and rich color and bright lighting, elicit a thousand emotions in their beholders. Every work of his creates a different mood altogether. His paintings are large in size and rather unorthodox but the depth of the sceneries he painted and the masterful set of techniques he used doing so made them just as life-like, just as deep and just as romantic as the actual landscapes.", "Deeply interested in “ nocturnal paradises ” of all kinds - from opera to cabarets and brothels - he haunted the world of bohemia and the Montmartre demi-monde of which his vision was both human and unrelenting, free from all moral or social judgement. He developed a multi-faceted painted and graphical work which the exhibition aimed at showing through a progress which was at the same time thematic and chronological.", "This is one of his first paintings, and is influenced by the Cubists. He was inspired by chronophotography to create an equivalent to the moving figure.", "Aside from his mental illness in later years, most of his works represents a sane, thoughtful and creative artist who portrayed the beauty of the world. He produced more than 2000 art-works mostly in just a short time span of 10 years ranging from 1881 to 1890. His subjects in the paintings varied in this period.  At the beginning of his career the subjects of his paintings tended more towards to natural beauty, people and different locations. They were filled with fine observations of genre. Though, there you could also find one or two pieces ( At Eternity’s Gate AKA Sorrowing Old Man ) with dark portrayals of depressed figures. Maybe those depress-themed paintings were the clues of his stumbling mental conditions appeared later on.", "\"Some of his paintings are kind of weirdly abstract, abstracted landscapes, and I could completely see the landscape that he was painting while I was there. It was very clear that he was painting Canadian landscapes. Very beautiful.\"", "He was a darling of established critics, but to up-and-coming artists, he seemed old-fashioned. Around 1900, he put down his oils and turned to watercolors, capturing landscapes, gardens, exotic locales, and people at leisure, at work and at rest, often on his travels in Europe and the Middle East. Experimenting with unusual compositions and new techniques, he reinvented himself aesthetically.", "was a painter famous for the solid bodies, the expression of human emotion, and the suggestion of landscape in his paintings.", "The Societe Nationale des Beaux-Arts held a retrospective of his works later that year, exhibiting over 248 paintings and lithographs. He was hugely prolific during his lifetime, creating over 800 oil paintings, 1500 pastel drawings and watercolour paintings , and nearly 7,000 other drawings. He once said \"colour always occupies me, but drawing preoccupies me\".", "Close has used his style of representational painting to portray friends, family, fellow artists and himself.  he works in many media – painting, drawing, photography, collage and printmaking, but whatever the medium, he begins with a photograph.", "After serving as an official war artist during World War I, he became increasingly interested in painting the human figure, but the landscape continued to captivate him. He is said to have been restless by nature, and his travels took him to remote areas of the world.", "The painting, so carefully inscribed, was presumably one of particular significance to the painter, and it has been suggested that it may be a self portrait. The direction of the man's gaze also suggests this.", "American lens-based artist noted for his surrealist object photography and nude studies processed with three-colour carbro technology.", "Leading German painter of romantic landscapes. Scenes full of mysterious light and vast distances. Painted the Wanderer", "Visionary Surrealist Artist.  He developed a profound interest in painting at the age of nine years old.", "The seven by five inch watercolour was painted in 1900-02 and shows the artist naked in bed with one of his many girlfriends. It was found amongst a pile of paintings at the house of a unnamed collector.", "was a painter who also experimented in poetry, architecture, and sculpture. Most of his work focuses on individuals who always give a sense of strength and ambition.", "War artist in both conflicts whose poetic approach to landscape was influenced by Surrealism in the 1930s. A leading Neo-Romantic." ]

[ 5.75390625, 5.61328125, 4.0546875, -0.09130859375, -0.63330078125, -2.173828125, -2.376953125, -2.84375, -3.58984375, -4.0390625, -4.21875, -4.53125, -4.59765625, -5.03515625, -5.984375, -6.140625, -6.38671875, -6.81640625, -6.93359375, -7.09765625, -7.1328125, -7.22265625, -7.5390625, -7.84375, -8.34375, -8.5703125, -8.8203125, -8.8515625, -9.0234375, -9.0625, -9.1328125, -10.359375 ]

[ "Teddy Bears got their name from Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th president of the United States. In 1902, the president went bear hunting in Mississippi without success, so members of his party caught a bear cub, tied it to a tree, and offered it to the president as an easy trophy. The president refused. The event was drawn by a cartoonist for the Washington Post the next day. The cartoon emphasized the helplessness of the bear and conveyed the message that Roosevelt would not make decisions for the wrong reasons. Roosevelt's popularity soared as a result of his actions and the cartoon. Morris and Rose Michtom made a stuffed bear in honor of the president's actions.", "The teddy bear was named after President Theodore Roosevelt. In 1902, while hunting in Mississippi, Teddy's dogs cornered a small bear cub. Roosevelt refused to shoot it. This act of mercy was published in the newspaper in cartoon form. Morris Michtom and his partner ask Theodore Roosevelt to use his name for a toy bear. Teddy agreed to let his name be used. Now the soft cuddly bears are known as Teddy Bears. (Morris Michtom went on to found the Ideal Toy Company.)", "Theodore Roosevelt (October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919), also known as T.R., and to the public (but never to friends and intimates) as Teddy, was the twenty-sixth President of the United States. A leader of the Republican Party and of the Progressive Party, he was a Governor of New York and a professional historian, naturalist, explorer, hunter, author, and soldier. He is most famous for his personality: his energy, his vast range of interests and achievements, his model of masculinity, and his \"cowboy\" personality. Originating from a story from one of Roosevelt's hunting expeditions, Teddy bears are named after him.", "The Teddy bear gets its name from President Theodore \"Teddy\" Roosevelt . On a 1902 hunting trip to Sharkey County, Mississippi , he ordered the mercy killing of a wounded bear . [66]", "Teddy bears are a symbol of cuddly gentleness and security the world over. It is well known that the teddy bear is named for President Theodore Roosevelt. Less well known are the inventors of the teddy bear, Rose and Morris Michtom, two Russian Jewish immigrants who lived in Brooklyn.", "* The Teddy bear gets its name from President Theodore \"Teddy\" Roosevelt. On a 1902 hunting trip to Sharkey County, Mississippi, he ordered the mercy killing of a wounded bear. ", "Did you know that the Teddy Bear got its name from a United States President? The origins of the Teddy Bear go back to a traditional story that took place in 1902 that involved President Theodore Roosevelt. The President was in the state of Mississippi trying to settle a border dispute between Mississippi and Louisiana. His hosts knew that the President was a devoted hunter, so they took him bear hunting. The only bear that they could find was a small bear that they tied to a tree. The President refused to shoot it, as he didn't see any sport in killing a helpless animal.", "One of the world’s most beloved toys was named in honor of President Theodore Roosevelt, after he refused to shoot a bear during a Mississippi hunting trip in November 1902. During the trip, guides clubbed a bear and tied it to a tree then invited the president to shoot it; instead, Roosevelt, an avid outdoorsman and hunter, declined, saying it would be unsportsmanlike to kill a defenseless animal that way. The incident generated national attention and was depicted in a popular political cartoon by Clifford Berryman. (According to some sources, the newspaper cartoon, titled “Drawing the Line in Mississippi,” was a reference not just to Roosevelt’s refusal to shoot the bruin but also to his handling of a boundary dispute between Mississippi and Louisiana; other sources have suggested the cartoon was a comment on the president’s progressive stance on race relations.) Inspired by the cartoon, Brooklyn, New York, shopkeeper Morris Michtom and his wife Rose made a stuffed fabric bear in honor of America’s 26th commander-in-chief and displayed it with a sign, “Teddy’s bear,” in their store window, where it attracted interest from customers. After reportedly writing to the president and getting permission to use his name for their creation, the Michtoms went on to start a successful company that manufactured teddy bears and other toys.", "One lasting, popular legacy of Roosevelt is the stuffed toy bears—teddy bears—named after him following an incident on a hunting trip in Mississippi in 1902. Roosevelt famously refused to shoot a defenseless black bear that had been tied to a tree. After the cartoonist Clifford K. Berryman illustrated the President with a bear, a toy maker heard the story and named the teddy bear after Roosevelt. Bears, and later bear cubs, became closely associated with Roosevelt in political cartoons, despite Roosevelt openly despising being called \"Teddy\". On June 26, 2006, Roosevelt was on the cover of TIME magazine with the lead story, \"The Making of America—Theodore Roosevelt—The 20th Century Express\": \"At home and abroad, Theodore Roosevelt was the locomotive President, the man who drew his flourishing nation into the future.\" ", "The Teddy Bear tie came when a Brooklyn, NY candy shop owner, Morris Michtom, saw Clifford Berryman’s original cartoon of Roosevelt and the bear and had an idea. He put in his shop window two stuffed toy bears his wife had made. Michtom asked permission from President Roosevelt to call these toy bears \"Teddy's bears\". The rapid popularity of these bears led Michtom to mass-produce them, eventually forming the Ideal Novelty and Toy Company.", "A teddy bear is a soft toy in the form of a bear. Developed apparently simultaneously by toymakers Morris Michtom in the U.S. and Richard Steiff in Germany in the early years of the 20th century, and named after President Theodore \"Teddy\" Roosevelt, the teddy bear became an iconic children's toy, celebrated in story, song, and film.David Cannadine, [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-21265701 A point of view - The Grownups with teddy bears], 1 February 2013, (accessed 2013-02-01) Since the creation of the first teddy bears which sought to imitate the form of real bear cubs, \"teddies\" have greatly varied in form, style and material. They have become collector's items, with older and rarer \"teddies\" appearing at public auctions. Teddy bears are among the most popular gifts for children and are often given to adults to signify love, congratulations, or sympathy.", "I just knew that the name ' Teddy Bear ' came from President Theodore Roosevelt hunting story. Pretty impressive huggable politics.", "So did Morris and Rose Michton, Russian immigrants who created their own stuffed toy bear. They made several bears and planned to sell them. They even sent one to President Roosevelt, asking for permission to name the bear after him. They wanted to call it \"Teddy's Bear.\" Roosevelt gave his permission, and sales took off. (In his typical modest way, he had this to say: \"I don't think my name is likely to be worth much in the toy bear business, but you are welcome to use it.\")", "1902 - In the USA, the Teddy Bear is created by a Russian emigrants Morris MiTchtom who had seen a report of US President Teddy Roosevelt who declined to shoot a bear cub while out hunting. Clifford Berryman's celebrated newspaper cartoon captured this moment and Mitchcom launched his range of \"Teddy\" bears in his Brooklyn shop. German toymaker, Margarete Steiff began making jointed toy animals including bears, and they were also able to cash in on the teddy bear craze in the USA, which spread worldwide.", "Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., (October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919), also known as T.R. and to the public (but never to friends and intimates) as Teddy, was the 26th President of the United States, and a leader of the Republican Party and of the Progressive Movement, as well as being the youngest President in the United States's history. He served in many roles including Governor of New York, historian, naturalist, explorer, author, and soldier. Roosevelt is most famous for his personality: his energy, his vast range of interests and achievements, his model of masculinity, and his \"cowboy\" persona. His last name, often mispronounced, per Roosevelt, is correctly pronounced \"Rosavelt.\"[2][3]", "The cartoon drew immediate attention. In Brooklyn, NY, shopkeeper Morris Michtom displayed 2 toy bears in the window of his Stationery and novelty store. The bears had been made by his wife, Rose from plush stuffed excelsior and finished with black shoe button eyes. Michtom recognized the immediate popularity of the new toy, requested and received permission from Roosevelt himself to call them \"Teddy's Bears.\"", "After receiving Roosevelt's permission to use his name, Michtom mass produced the toy bears which were so popular that he soon founded the Ideal Toy Company. To this day the Teddy Bear has worldwide popularity and its origin can be traced back to Theodore's fateful hunting trip in 1902.", "The story got out, and an editorial cartoonist for The Washington Post named Clifford Berrymandrew a cartoon showing a cub bear tied to a tree, and Teddy Roosevelt refusing to shoot it. The cartoon carried the caption \"Drawing The Line In Mississippi.\" The cartoon caused an immediate sensation and was reprinted many times. The owners of a candy and stationary store in Brooklyn, New York named Morris and Rose Michtom were inspired by the President's act and made a stuffed toy bear to honor him. They fashioned the toy bear to look like the bear in the cartoon, and placed it in the window of their shop. Next to the bear was a copy of Berryman's cartoon and a sign saying TEDDY'S BEAR. The public created such a demand for the bear that the Michtoms joined up with a wholesale firm named Butler Brothers and started the Ideal Novelty & Toy Company, the first teddy bear factory in the United States.", "Roosevelt's lasting popular legacy is the stuffed toy bears (teddy bears), named after him following an incident on a hunting trip in 1902. Roosevelt famously refused to kill a captured black bear simply for the sake of making a kill. Bears and later bear cubs became closely associated with Roosevelt in political cartoons thereafter.[63]", "There are two conflicting claims as to the origin of the name 'Teddy'. One is that In 1902 President Theodore Roosevelt was on a hunting trip in Mississippi. As reported in the Washington Post, the presidential hunting party. trailed and lassoed a lean, black bear, then tied it to a tree. The president was summoned, but when he arrived on the scene he refused to shoot the tied and exhausted bear, considering it to be unsportsmanlike.", "Although the Steiff Company in Germany produced a jointed stuffed bear in 1902, the First Teddy Bear was made by Rose and Morris Michtom with the influence of Teddy Roosevelt and Clifford Berryman. Here's why:", "Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. ( 27 October 1858 – 6 January 1919 ), also known as T.R. or Teddy, was an American statesman, author, explorer, soldier, naturalist, and reformer who served as the 26th President of the United States from 1901 to 1909. As a leader of the Republican Party during this time, he became a driving force for the Progressive Era in the United States in the early 20th century.", "A political cartoonist by the name of Clifford Berryman read the article and decided to lightheartedly lampoon the president's refusal to shoot the bear. Berryman's cartoon appeared in the Washington Post on November 16, 1902. A Brooklyn candy shop owner by the name of Morris Michtom saw the cartoon and had an idea. He and his wife Rose were also makers of stuffed animals, and Michtom decided to create a stuffed toy bear and dedicate it to the president who refused to shoot a bear. He called it 'Teddy's Bear'.", "News of Roosevelt’s compassionate gesture soon spread throughout the country, and by Monday morning, November 17, cartoonist Clifford K. Berryman’s sketch appeared in the pages of the Washington Post. In it, Roosevelt is dressed in full rough rider uniform, with his back to a corralled, frightened and very docile bear cub, refusing to shoot. The cartoon was titled “Drawing the Line in Mississippi,” believed to be a double-entendre of Roosevelt’s sportsman’s code and his criticism of lynchings in the South. The drawing became so popular that Berryman drew even smaller and cuter “teddy bears” in political cartoons for the rest of Roosevelt’s days as president.", "Theodore Teddy Roosevelt (October 27, 1858 â January 6, 1919) was the 26th President of the United States of America (1901â1909).", "Theodore \"Teddy\" Roosevelt (1858 – 1919) was the 26th President of the United States. He is noted for his energetic personality, range of interests and achievements, leadership of the Progressive Movement, and his \"cowboy\" image and robust masculinity. He was a leader of the Republican Party and founder of the short-lived Progressive (\"Bull Moose\") Party of 1912. Before becoming President (1901–09), he held offices at the municipal, state, and federal level of government. Roosevelt’s achievements as a naturalist, explorer, hunter, author, and soldier are as much a part of his fame as any office he held as a politician.", "Following the assassination of President McKinley in 1901, the late President's running mate in the election of 1900, Theodore Roosevelt, then aged 42, was appointed as the President. In the process, \"Teddy\" became the youngest United States President in history. He championed the ‘Square Deal’, a series of acts involving implementation of domestic policies that would promise the average American citizen fairness. This included ensuring pure food and drugs were available, and that railroads and other large industries were properly regulated. Roosevelt was also a great conservationist, and as such was a trailblazer in setting up national parks, monuments, and protected areas with which to protect the country’s vast natural resources. It was not surprising, therefore, that Roosevelt managed to defeat the Democrat Party nominee, Alton Parker, in a landslide win in the presidential elections of 1904, when he came to office for a full term in his own right.", "The Nixon administration's choice of tree topper, the atomic symbol of peace rather than a traditional star, was criticized.Olshan, Jeremy. \"[http://www.salon.com/2008/12/03/white_house_ornament/ Impeach Bush for Christmas]\", Salon.com, December 3, 2008, accessed March 30, 2009. The 1995 Blue Room Christmas Tree sought ornaments made by architecture students from across the United States. Contest winner Rene Spineto stirred up some controversy when she designed an ornament that depicted two stockings, one marked \"Bill\" and the other marked \"Newt\" (in reference to President Bill Clinton and Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich). While the stocking marked \"Bill\" was filled with candy and presents, the one marked \"Newt\" was filled with coal. The Clinton administration hung the ornament on the tree without censorship.", "We know the stuffed bear began when the Michtoms of Brooklyn, New York, and the Steiff Company of Giengen produced the first bears independently in 1902. And we know the Michtoms called their bear, \"Teddy's Bear,\" and the Steiff Company called its bear, \"Bar55PB.\" So when did these stuffed bears become Teddy Bears?", "11. Harry S. Truman, �Remarks Upon Lighting the National Community Christmas Tree,� The American Presidency Project, December 24, 1952, Harry S. Truman�s Christmas Eve Broadcast, (at: http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=14368 ). (Return)", "What stuffed animal is named after him? the Teddy bear, since he refused to shoot a bear cub tied to a tree.", "The President of the United States has served as the honorary president of the Boy Scouts of America since the founding of the organization. " ]

[ 6.1953125, 5.859375, 5.66796875, 5.37109375, 5.33203125, 4.80859375, 4.703125, 4.49609375, 3.76171875, 3.640625, 3.6171875, 3.498046875, 3.333984375, 3.041015625, 2.76171875, 2.09765625, 1.6259765625, 1.330078125, 1.306640625, 1.0205078125, 0.7041015625, 0.435302734375, -0.0263824462890625, -0.423095703125, -1.70703125, -1.7744140625, -3.671875, -5.11328125, -5.26953125, -5.42578125, -6.9375, -9.2109375 ]

[ "Donald Woods, (born Dec. 15, 1933, Elliotdale, S.Af.—died Aug. 19, 2001, Sutton, Surrey, Eng.), South African journalist and antiapartheid campaigner who captured the attention of the world in 1977 with an exposé on the death while in police custody of his friend Steve Biko , a prominent young black activist and founder of the Black Consciousness Movement. Woods, who trained as a lawyer, was a veteran editor (from 1965) of the liberal white Daily Dispatch newspaper in East London , S.Af., and was arrested repeatedly by the government for his antiapartheid activities. When he published details regarding Biko’s death at the hands of the South African police, Woods was banned and the newspaper was shut down. He escaped to Lesotho and then to the U.K., where he wrote and campaigned for international sanctions against the racist South African government. Woods’s book Biko (1978) and his personal experiences as described in his autobiography, Asking for Trouble (1981), inspired the 1987 film Cry Freedom. In 1978 he was the first private citizen invited to address the UN Security Council. Woods was made CBE in 2000, shortly before his last book, Rainbow Nation Revisited, was published.", "Cry Freedom is a 1987 British epic drama film directed by Richard Attenborough, set in late-1970s apartheid era South Africa. The screenplay was written by John Briley based on a pair of books by journalist Donald Woods. The film centres on the real-life events involving black activist Steve Biko and his friend Donald Woods, who initially finds him destructive, and attempts to understand his way of life. Denzel Washington stars as Biko, while actor Kevin Kline portrays Woods. Cry Freedom delves into the ideas of discrimination, political corruption, and the repercussions of violence.", "Donald Woods (1933-2001) wrote the biography of Steve Biko's life and death and enlightened the world outside South Africa to the horrors brought about by the 'Apartheid' regime. His own story of his flight from that regime became the subject of Richard Attenborough's 1987 Academy Award-nominated film Cry Freedom.", "Cry Freedom is a 1987 feature film directed by Richard Attenborough, set in the late 1970s, during the apartheid era of South Africa. The film was shot in neighbouring Zimbabwe, and, although not banned in South Africa, cinemas showing the films were faced with bomb threats. According to the Internet Movie Database, the film was seized by authorities on July 29, 1988. In some cases, there were reports that prints of the films were wrenched off the cinema projectors and the film remained unseen in South Africa until 1991.", "In 1961, areas on either side of East London were declared Bantu homelands. Ciskei to the west and Transkei to the East. East London found itself almost surrounded except to the north and became very unsettled during the Apartheid era. The editor of the local newspaper, the Daily Dispatch, was Donald Woods, who broke the story of the murder of Steve Biko, a Pan Africanist leader and author of the book I Write What I Like, at the hands of South African Security Police in Port Elizabeth, in September 1977. The story of Donald Woods was recorded in the Hollywood film Cry Freedom. A prominent statue of Biko now stands outside the East London City Hall.", "During the 1980s and early 1990s, Kline made several films with director Lawrence Kasdan, including The Big Chill, Silverado, Grand Canyon, I Love You to Death, and French Kiss. He played Donald Woods in Richard Attenborough's Cry Freedom opposite Denzel Washington about the friendship between Activist Stephen Biko and editor Donald Woods.", "Donald James Woods, CBE (15 December 1933 – 19 August 2001) was a South African journalist and anti-apartheid activist. As editor of the Daily Dispatch, he was known for befriending fellow activist Steve Biko, who died in police custody after being detained by the South African government. Woods continued his campaign against apartheid in London, and in 1978 became the first private citizen to address the United Nations Security Council.", "Kevin Kline played South African journalist Donald Woods and Oscar-nominee Denzel Washington starred as anti-apartheid activist Stephen Biko in the 1987 drama, \"Cry Freedom.\"", "A fact-based drama about the life of South African activist, Steven Biko. Journalist Donald Woods (Kevin Kline) is editor of the largest paper in South Africa. Although Woods is doesn't agree with Biko's (Denzel Washington) views, he is staunchly against the South African government and its oppressive laws that affect blacks. Woods and Biko set up a meeting that requires Woods to tour the South African slums. The depressed conditions opens Woods eyes up to the injustices that blacks suffer due to apartheid. Biko only wants blacks to enjoy the same opportunities as his white counterparts. No more. No less.", "Eastwood starred in Escape from Alcatraz in 1979, the last of his films directed by Siegel. It was based on the true story of Frank Lee Morris who, along with John and Clarence Anglin, escaped from the notorious Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary in 1962. The film was a major success; Stanley Kauffmann of The New Republic praised it as \"crystalline cinema\" and Frank Rich of Time described it as \"cool, cinematic grace\". ", "The filmmaker fled the U.S. on February 1, 1978, the day he was to be formally sentenced. He has lived since then in France, which does not extradite its citizens.", "The director fled the United States in 1978 on the eve of his sentencing for a guilty plea and has never returned.", "* Arthur Goldreich and Harold Wolpe escaped from The Fort prison in Johannesburg while on remand after bribing a prison guard. After hiding in various safe houses for two months they escaped to Swaziland dressed as priests with the aid of Manni Brown who posed as a tour operator as a cover to deliver weapons to the ANC. From Swaziland, Vernon Berrangé was to charter a plane to take them on to Lobatse, a small town in south-eastern Botswana.", "On May 2 1973, Black Panther activist, Assata Olugbala Shakur (fsn) Joanne Deborah Chesimard, was pulled over by the New Jersey State Police, shot twice and then charged with murder of a police officer. Despite the police firing first, Assata was charged with murder. Assata spent six and a half years in prison under brutal circumstances. In 1979, Assata escaped the maximum security wing of the Clinton Correctional Facility for Women in New Jersey. Once free, she then moved to Cuba.", "Nelson Mandela is one of the great moral and political leaders of our time: an international hero whose lifelong dedication to the fight against racial oppression in South Africa won him the Nobel Peace Prize and the presidency of his country. Since his triumphant release in 1990 from more than a quarter-century of imprisonment, Mandela has been at the center of the most compelling and inspiring political drama in the world. As president of the African National Congress and head of South Africa's antiapartheid movement, he was instrumental in moving the nation toward multiracial government and majority rule. He is revered everywhere as a vital force in the fight for human rights and racial equality. \"Long Walk to Freedom\" is his moving autobiography, Here, Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela tells the extraordinary story of his life - an epic of struggle, setback, renewed hope, and ultimate triumph, which has, until now, been virtually unknown to most of the world. The foster son of a Thembu chief, Mandela was raised in the traditional, tribal culture of his ancestors, but at an early age learned the modern, inescapable reality of what came to be called apartheid, one of the most powerful an", "Acclaimed, all-time great WWII epic drama about British P.O.W.'s forced to construct a railway bridge in the Asian jungle of Burma, based on an outstanding, psychologically complex adaptation of Pierre Boulle's 1952 novel. In the Burmese jungle, British prisoner/solders, led by an obstinate commander Col. Nicholson (Alec Guinness), constructed a rail bridge - and unwittingly aided the war effort of their Japanese captors and the camp commander Col. Saito (Sessue Hayakawa). A tremendously antagonistic battle of wills ensued between the two Colonels. Nicholson supervised the bridge's construction with a twisted sense of pride in his creation to show up the Japanese as inferior. In the climactic finale, British and American intelligence officers (Holden, Hawkins) conspired to blow up the structure. A Best Picture-winning film.", "From the moment he was shot down to the final whistle, Jimmy James' one aim as a POW of the Germans was to escape. The Great Escaper describes his experiences and those of his fellow prisoners in the most gripping and thrilling manner. The author made more than 12 escape attempts including his participation in The Great Escape, where 50 of the 76 escapees were executed in cold blood on Hitler's orders. On re-capture, James was sent to the infamous Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp where, undeterred, he tunnelled out. That was not the end of his remarkable story. Moonless Night has strong claim to be the finest escape story of the Second World War.", "*1977 – James Earl Ray escapes from Brushy Mountain State Prison in Petros, Tennessee. He is recaptured three days later.", "Leonard Peltier (born September 12, 1944) is a Native American activist and member of the American Indian Movement (AIM). In 1977 he was convicted and sentenced to two consecutive terms of life imprisonment for first degree murder in the shooting of two Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents during a 1975 conflict on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. Peltier's indictment and conviction have been the subject of much controversy; Amnesty International placed his case under the \"Unfair Trials\" category of its Annual Report: USA 2010.[1] Peltier is incarcerated at the United States Penitentiary, Coleman in Florida. Peltier's next scheduled parole hearing will be in July 2024.[2] Barring appeals, parole, or presidential pardon, his projected release date is October 11, 2040.[3]", "Despite his initial refusal to admit the Shah into the United States, on October 22, 1979, Carter finally granted him entry and temporary asylum for the duration of his cancer treatment. The Shah left the U.S. for Panama on December 15, 1979. In response to the Shah's entry into the U.S., Iranian militants seized the American embassy in Tehran in November, taking 52 Americans hostage. The Iranians demanded:", "The Great Escape is a 1963 American World War II epic film based on an escape by British Commonwealth prisoners of war from a German POW camp during World War II, starring Steve McQueen, James Garner, and Richard Attenborough, filmed in Panavision.", "June 10 – James Earl Ray escapes from the Brushy Mountain State Prison in Petros, Tennessee; he is recaptured on June 13.", "1990 Nelson Mandela (political prisoner-27 years) freed from Victor Verster prison outside Cape Town, South Africa", "*As Far as My Feet Will Carry Me, a 2001 film based on Cornelius Rost's escape from a Siberian prisoner of war camp.", "[AA] 2011 - Black Liberation Army member George Edward Wright arrested in Portugal after 39 years on the run. Portugal refuses to extradite him to the USA and sets him free.", "He feels very strongly about Blind Flight, the film of his incarceration. \"It was really important to me that the people who kidnapped us weren't shown as some bunch of raghead lunatics,\" he says. \"While there was a fair bit of violence perpetrated against us, I hope the film shows a balanced picture of those guys.\"", "* July 10 – In Miami, Florida, former Panamanian leader Manuel Noriega is sentenced to 40 years in prison for drug and racketeering violations.", "The film Freedom Road, made in 1978, features Muhammad Ali in a rare acting role as Gideon Jackson, a former slave and Union (American Civil War) soldier in 1870s Virginia, who gets elected to the U.S. Senate and battles other former slaves and white sharecroppers to keep the land they have tended all their lives.", "1990 — Panamanian leader, Manuel Noriega, surrenders to U.S. forces. In his trial in April 1992, Noriega is convicted of racketeering, money laundering, and drug trafficking. He is sentenced to 40 years in prison. Ironically, Noriega was once a highly valued Central Intelligence Agency asset as well as a known drug trafficker during his period of paid services by the CIA.", "* 1985 mid-September – Release: Reverend Benjamin Weir, held hostage since May 1984 is freed by the \"Islamic Jihad Organization\".", "2003 March-April - ''Black Spring'' crackdown on dissidents draws international condemnation. 75 people are jailed for terms of up to 28 years; three men who hijacked a ferry to try reach the US are executed.", "Under Article 85 of the  Third Geneva Convention , Noriega is still considered a prisoner of war, despite his conviction for acts committed prior to his capture by the “detaining power” (the United States). This status has meant that in Florida he had his own prison cell furnished with electronics and exercise equipment. His cell had been nicknamed “the presidential suite”." ]

[ 6.2265625, 5.5703125, 5.5, 2.6640625, 1.34375, 1.0625, 0.3583984375, -0.2578125, -1.134765625, -2.966796875, -4.19921875, -5.0859375, -5.87890625, -6.0390625, -6.24609375, -6.4140625, -6.8359375, -6.89453125, -6.90234375, -6.98828125, -7.16796875, -7.3125, -8.0625, -8.84375, -9.0390625, -9.71875, -9.8046875, -9.8359375, -9.9296875, -10.1484375, -10.46875, -10.65625 ]

[ "Psychopathology of Everyday Life () is a 1901 work by Sigmund Freud, based on Freud's researches into slips and parapraxes from 1897 onwards. The Psychopathology of Everyday Life became perhaps the best-known of all Freud's writings. ", "In 1904 Freud published Zur Psychopathologie des Alltagslebens (The Psychopathology of Everyday Life), in which he explored such seemingly insignificant errors as slips of the tongue or pen (later colloquially called Freudian slips), misreadings, or forgetting of names. These errors Freud understood to have symptomatic and thus interpretable importance. But unlike dreams they need not betray a repressed infantile wish yet can arise from more immediate hostile, jealous, or egoistic causes.", "Freud published The Psychopathology of Everyday Life in 1904 and three more works the following year, including Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality, which set forth his ideas about the development of the human sex instinct , or libido, including his theory of childhood-sexuality and the Oedipus complex . While recognition from the scientific community and the general public was slow in coming, by the early 1900s Freud had attracted a circle of followers, including Carl Jung , Alfred Adler , and Otto Rank (1884-1939), who held weekly discussion meetings at his home and later became known as the Vienna Psychological Society. Although Jung and Adler were eventually to break with Freud, forming their own theories and schools of analysis, their early support helped establish psychoanalysis as a movement of international importance. In 1909, Freud was invited to speak at Clark University in Worcester, Massachusetts, by its president, the distinguished psychologist G. Stanley Hall (1844-1924), and was awarded an honorary doctorate. After World War I, Freud gained increasing fame as psychoanalysis became fashionable in intellectual circles and was popularized by the media.", "Sometimes called the Mistake Book (to go with the Dream Book and the Joke Book), The Psychopathology of Everyday Life became one of the scientific classics of the 20th century. Freud realised he was becoming a celebrity when he found his cabin-steward reading the Mistake Book on his 1909 visit to the States. The Rat Man came to Freud for analysis as a result of reading the Psychopathology of Everyday Life. Psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan considered The Psychopathology of Everday Life one of the three key texts for an understanding of the unconscious, alongside The Interpretation of Dreams (1900), and Jokes and their Relation to the Unconscious (1905). Through its stress on what Freud called \"switch words\" and \"verbal bridges\", it is considered important for psychopathology.", "His public writings however have been carefully preserved and most significant among these are The Interpretation of Dreams (1900), The Psychopathology of Everyday Life (1901), Totem and Taboo (1913), and Civilization and Its Discontents (1929). In his later years Freud focused a great deal on the role of religion in civilization, a role he viewed rather pessimistically, and he produced two notable works in this vein: The Future of an Illusion and Moses and Monotheism.", "Sigmund Freud (6 May 1856 - 23 September 1939), born Sigismund Schlomo Freud, was an Austrian neurologist who became known as the founding father of psychoanalysis.", "Sigmund Freud ( IPA : [ˈziːkmʊnt ˈfrɔʏ̯t]) ( May 6 , 1856 – September 23 , 1939 ) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of the psychoanalytic school of psychology . The theories distinctive of this school generally included hypotheses that (1) human development is best understood in terms of changing objects of sexual desire, (2) the psychic apparatus habitually represses wishes, usually of a sexual or aggressive nature, whereby they become preserved in one or more unconscious systems of ideas, (3) unconscious conflicts over repressed wishes have a tendency to manifest themselves in dreams, parapraxes (\" Freudian slips \"), and symptoms, (4) unconscious conflicts are the source of neuroses , and (5) neuroses can be treated through bringing the unconscious wishes and repressed memories to consciousness in psychoanalytic treatment.", "Sigmund Freud (May 6, 1856 – September 23, 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of the psychoanalytic school of psychology, based on his theory that unconscious motives control much behavior, that particular kinds of unconscious thoughts and memories, especially sexual and aggressive ones, are the source of neurosis, and that neurosis could be treated through bringing these unconscious thoughts and memories to consciousness in psychoanalytic treatment. He was initially interested in hypnotism and how it could be used to help the mentally ill, but later abandoned hypnotism in favor of free association and dream analysis in developing what is now known as \"the talking cure.\" These became the core elements of psychoanalysis. Freud was initially especially interested in what was then called hysteria (now known as conversion syndrome), but expanded his work to other forms of neurosis, especially obsessive-compulsive disorder.", "While Enlightenment philosophers viewed human beings as rational, some intellectuals, among them Sigmund Freud, the Austrian Jewish founder of the psychoanalytic school of psychology, developed a very different understanding of the human mind. In their view, human behavior is basically irrational, a constant battle between the rational consciousness and the irrational subconscious, which is driven by sexual, aggressive and pleasure-seeking desires. With its focus on the alleged dangers of repressed sexual desires, some opponents as well as enthusiasts saw Freudian ideology as implying an uninhibited sex life as necessary for mental health. Freud and his followers arguably undermined the view of man as a rational being. A climate of alienation and pessimism could be detected in the literature as well. This was especially evident in the works of Franz Kafka (1883-1924). T. S. Eliot (1888-1965) in his famous poem The Waste Land (1922) depicted a world of growing desolation, although he grew slightly more optimistic later in his life.", "1856: Birth of Sigmund Freud, Austrian psychiatrist and father of modern psychology and psychoanalysis, who stressed the relationship between sexual repression and neuroses. In 1938, as the Nazis entered Austria, he fled to London.", "A focus of Austrian science has always been medicine and psychology, starting in medieval times with Paracelsus. Eminent physicians like Theodore Billroth, Clemens von Pirquet, and Anton von Eiselsberg have built upon the achievements of the 19th century Vienna School of Medicine. Austria was home to Sigmund Freud, founder of psychoanalysis, Alfred Adler, founder of Individual psychology, psychologists Paul Watzlawick and Hans Asperger, and psychiatrist Viktor Frankl.", "On March 12, 1938, Hitler's Nazis invaded Austria, meeting no resistance from the Austrian army. The day before, the Austrian chancellor had resigned and been replaced by a Nazi supporter. Freud, despite insisting throughout his life on his hatred for Vienna, had stayed in the city as long or longer than most of his colleagues, some of whom had fled central Europe as early as 1932. But with the Nazi takeover, the situation in Vienna quickly became intolerable. On March 13, the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society voted to dissolve and recommended that all of its members flee Austria and reconvene, if possible, wherever Freud took up residence. Freud's home was raided several times, and on March 22, his daughter Anna Freud was arrested and questioned by the Gestapo. Fortunately, no one was hurt and although money and valuables were stolen from Freud's home, his private study was left untouched. The property of the psychoanalytic publishing house, on the other hand, which was located a few doors down from Freud's home and office, was confiscated in its entirety.", "Among Austrians winning the Nobel Prize in the sciences are Julius Wagner-Jauregg (1927, therapy of paralysis); Erwin Schrodinger (1933, physics); Wolfgang Pauli (1945, \"Pauli Principle\" in quantum theory); and Konrad Lorenz and Karl von Frisch (1973, behavioral science). Famous psychologist Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) did most of his work in Vienna.", "Vienna at the turn of the century was the place where the antiquated traditional order met twentieth-century modernism. Its center had been newly rebuild and decorated with buildings designed by Otto Wagner . Since the days of the waltz, Vienna was famous for its culture. Artists and writers from across the Austro-Hungarian Empire were drawn to the capital and its aesthetic life, its cafes and theatres. At the time Vienna was also the medical center of the world; it was where Sigmund Freud had come to practice psychoanalysis. As the multicultural empire itself, Vienna was not free from social tensions and became a hotbed of conflicting world views. While the aristocracy, the professionals, and the conservatives wanted to uphold traditional values, a new generation of modern artists and writers was emerging, advocating new views. Because of its traditionalism, Vienna was considered provincial by the rest of Europe. The Secessionists wanted to break that isolation, organizing and participating in international exhibitions and bringing foreign art to Vienna to cultivate the public taste. Controversial transformations were also taking place in literature and philosophy.", "Freud spent three years as a resident physician in the famous Allgemeine Krankenhaus, a general hospital and the medical center of Vienna. He spent five months in the psychiatry (the area of medicine involving emotional and mental health) department headed by Theodor Meynert. Psychiatry at this time was rigid and descriptive. The psychological meaning of behavior was not itself considered important; behavior was only a set of symptoms to be studied in order to understand the structures of the brain. Freud's later work changed this attitude.", "After Jakob's business failed, the family was forced to move and eventually settled in Vienna, Austria, where Freud would continue to reside until a year before his death in 1939. Freud married and went on to have six children of his own. His daughter Anna Freud became a famed psychoanalyst credited with the development of the defense mechanisms and child psychoanalysis.", "Freud was born in Frieberg, Moravia (now the Czech Republic ) on May 6, 1856, and his family moved to Vienna three years later. During the 1890s, as a young doctor collaborating with Viennese physician Josef Breuer, he began treating nervous disorders through the use of a “talking cure,” as he and Breuer called it. The method initially consisted of patients under hypnosis recalling memories associated with their symptoms. This recall, accompanied by the affect connected with the memories, resulted in the elimination of symptoms. An early patient treated in this way, one Anna O., for example, who presented with paralyses and an inability to drink that lacked any organic base, regained her ability to drink when she recalled with disgust a scene from her childhood in which she had discovered her governess’s dog drinking from a (human) cup.", "In the 1930s, Freud continued to treat patients and to write. He published one of his most frequently read books, Civilization and Its Discontents, in 1930. The rise of Nazism in Germany, however, and its echoes in Austria, made life in Vienna increasingly untenable. Freud stayed as long as he could, but when the Nazis invaded Austria in 1938 and raided his house, he fled to England with most of his family. He died there on September 23, 1939.", "Three years later, he summarised the ideas of id, ego, and superego in a book entitled, The Ego and the Id. In the book, he revised the whole theory of mental functioning, now considering that repression was only one of many defense mechanisms, and that it occurred to reduce anxiety. Hence, Freud characterised repression as both a cause and a result of anxiety. In 1926, in Inhibitions, Symptoms and Anxiety, Freud characterised how intrapsychic conflict among drive and superego (wishes and guilt) caused anxiety, and how that anxiety could lead to an inhibition of mental functions, such as intellect and speech. Inhibitions, Symptoms and Anxiety was written in response to Otto Rank, who, in 1924, published Das Trauma der Geburt (translated into English in 1929 as The Trauma of Birth), analysing how art, myth, religion, philosophy and therapy were illuminated by separation anxiety in the \"phase before the development of the Oedipus complex\" (p. 216) Freud's theories, however, characterized no such phase. According to Freud, the Oedipus complex, was at the centre of neurosis, and was the foundational source of all art, myth, religion, philosophy, therapy—indeed of all human culture and civilization. It was the first time that anyone in the inner circle had characterised something other than the Oedipus complex as contributing to intrapsychic development, a notion that was rejected by Freud and his followers at the time.", "If the troubled history of its institutionalization served to call psychoanalysis into question in certain quarters, so too did its founder’s penchant for extrapolating his clinical findings into a more ambitious general theory. As he admitted to Fliess in 1900, “I am actually not a man of science at all…. I am nothing but a conquistador by temperament, an adventurer.” Freud’s so-called metapsychology soon became the basis for wide-ranging speculations about cultural, social, artistic, religious, and anthropological phenomena. Composed of a complicated and often revised mixture of economic, dynamic, and topographical elements, the metapsychology was developed in a series of 12 papers Freud composed during World War I , only some of which were published in his lifetime. Their general findings appeared in two books in the 1920s: Jenseits des Lustprinzips (1920; Beyond the Pleasure Principle) and Das Ich und das Es (1923; The Ego and the Id).", "Boussole recounts how Frantz Ritter, an insomniac Austrian musicologist, takes to his sickbed in Vienna with an unspecified illness. Here he spends his days and sleepless nights musing on issues including his unrequited love for a Frenchwoman and the relationship between Europe and the Middle East.", "By 1936, the \"Principle of Multiple Function\" was clarified by Robert Waelder. He widened the formulation that psychological symptoms were caused by and relieved conflict simultaneously. Moreover, symptoms (such as phobias and compulsions) each represented elements of some drive wish (sexual and/or aggressive), superego, anxiety, reality, and defenses. Also in 1936, Anna Freud, Sigmund's famous daughter, published her seminal book, The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense, outlining numerous ways the mind could shut upsetting things out of consciousness. ", "63. Which Austrian psychologist, a collaborator with Freud is most associated with the terms “introvert and extrovert”?", "* Richard von Krafft-Ebing (1840-1902), Austro-German baron, psychiatrist and author of the foundational work Psychopathia Sexualis.", ",was born in Klekotow, Austria.He was an famous psychiatrist and physician known for his work about to autism.", "Austrian neurologist who founded psychoanalysis, the structure of theories about the relation between conscious and unconscious psychological processes", "Johnston, William M. The Austrian Mind: An Intellectual and Social History. University of California Press: Berkeley, 1972.", "The Viennese physician that believed sexual repression was responsible for a variety of nervous and emotional diseases. He argued that health demanded sexual gratification and liberation. His writings seemed to justify the new sexual frankness of the 1920s.", "Prague-born writer who wrote in German and whose stories, such as \"The Metamorphosis\" (1916), and posthumously published novels, including The Trial (1925), concern troubled individuals in a nightmarishly impersonal world.", "The sixth symptom is the affective instability due to a marked reactivity of mood such as an intense episodic dysphoria, irritability, or anxiety. Hitler had affective instability quite often. At any given moment Hitler could ‘fly off the handle’ so to speak in fits of rage.", "* Vol. XX An Autobiographical Study, Inhibitions, Symptoms and Anxiety, Lay Analysis and Other Works (1925–1926)", "↑ Cf. my essay, \" Ueber Deckerinnerungen ,\" in the Monatschrift für Psychiatrie und Neurologie, 1899." ]

[ 7.3515625, 4.80078125, 4.13671875, 1.7177734375, 1.6279296875, 1.4609375, 1.2900390625, 0.58251953125, -0.72802734375, -0.7333984375, -0.7802734375, -1.322265625, -1.6669921875, -1.7861328125, -1.9375, -1.9599609375, -3.33203125, -3.533203125, -3.986328125, -4.2734375, -4.67578125, -4.7578125, -4.9140625, -5.8828125, -6.046875, -6.17578125, -7.08984375, -9.3359375, -9.5, -9.546875, -9.890625, -10.4296875 ]

[ "November 20, 1980 - In China, Jiang Qing, the widow of Mao Zedong, went on trial with nine others on charges of treason.", "1976 - Mao Tse-Tung's widow Jiang Qing & \"Gang of Four,\" arrested & charged with plotting a coup", "Hua Guofeng, the former Chinese Communist leader who died on Wednesday aged 87, changed the course of China’s modern history in October 1976 when, a few weeks after the death of Chairman Mao, he arrested the “Gang of Four”, the radicals led by Jiang Qing, Mao’s widow, who revelled in the turmoil unleashed by the Cultural Revolution and were determined to keep China focused on class-struggle and closed to the outside world.", "1976: The Gang of Four--Mao's widow, Jiang Qing, and three others--are arrested in China and charged with plotting a coup.", "Jiang Qing ( pinyin : Jiāng Qīng; Wade–Giles: Chiang Ch'ing; IPA: [tɕjɑ́ŋ tɕʰíŋ]; 20 March 1914  – 14 May 1991) was the pseudonym that was used by Chinese leader Mao Zedong 's last wife and major Communist Party of China power figure. She went by the stage name Lan Ping ( Chinese : 蓝 苹 ) during her acting career, and was known by various other names during her life. She married Mao in Yan'an in November 1938, and is sometimes referred to as Madame Mao in Western literature, serving as Communist China's first first lady . Jiang Qing was most well known for playing a major role in the Cultural Revolution (1966–76) and for forming the radical political alliance known as the \" Gang of Four \". She was named the \"Great Flag-carrier of the Proletarian Culture\" (无产阶级文艺伟大旗手/無產階級文藝偉大旗手).", "Peng Liyuan (,; born November 20, 1962) is a Chinese contemporary folk singer and performing artist. Peng is the President of the People's Liberation Army Academy of Art, and the wife of the current Chinese leader Xi Jinping. Peng is referred to as the \"Chinese First Lady\" by the media. ", "Mao Zedong or Mao Tse-tung (; December 26, 1893 - September 9, 1976), also known as Chairman Mao, was a Chinese communist revolutionary and founding father of the People's Republic of China, which he ruled as an autocrat styled the Chairman of the Communist Party of China from its establishment in 1949, until his death in 1976. His Marxist–Leninist theories, military strategies, and political policies are collectively known as Maoism or Marxism-Leninism-Maoism.", "Mao's death in September 1976 removed a towering figure from Chinese politics and set off a scramble for succession. Former Minister of Public Security Hua Guofeng was quickly confirmed as Party Chairman and Premier. A month after Mao's death, Hua, backed by the PLA, arrested Jiang Qing and other members of the \"Gang of Four.\" After extensive deliberations, the Chinese Communist Party leadership reinstated Deng Xiaoping to all of his previous posts at the 11th Party Congress in August 1977. Deng then led the effort to place government control in the hands of veteran party officials opposed to the radical excesses of the previous two decades.", "Mao Zedong (or Mao Tse-tung in Wade-Giles; Simplified Chinese: 毛泽东; Traditional Chinese: 毛澤東; December 26, 1893 – September 9, 1976) was the Chairman of the Communist Party of China from 1943 until his death. He was also a founder of the People's Republic of China.", "After Mao Zedong's death in 1976, a bitter struggle for power broke out at the top of the Communist Party. By 1978 Mao's chosen successor Hua Guofeng had been usurped by Deng Xiaoping, a reformer who had earlier been frozen out by Mao.", "The indictment described two plots by the \"Jiang Qing-Lin Biao Counterrevolutionary Clique\" to seize power. Jiang Qing was not accused of conspiring with Lin Biao, or with other members of the Gang of Four who allegedly planned an armed rebellion to \"usurp power\" in 1976, when Mao was close to death. Instead, the charges against her focused on her systematic persecution of creative artists during the Cultural Revolution. Amongst other things, she was accused of hiring 40 people in Shanghai to disguise themselves as Red Guards and ransack the homes of writers and performers. The apparent purpose was said to find and destroy letters, photos and other potentially damaging materials on Jiang Qing's early career in Shanghai, which she wanted to keep secret.", "In the 1960s, however, Mao rebuilt his position in the Party and in 1966 he launched the Cultural Revolution as a means of destroying his enemies in the Party: Liu and Deng Xiaoping, along with many others, were denounced as \"capitalist roaders.\" Liu was labeled as a \"traitor\", \"scab\", \"Chinese Khrushchev\", \"the biggest capitalist roader in the Party\". In July 1966 he was displaced as Party Deputy Chairman by Lin Biao. By 1967 Liu and his wife Wang Guangmei were under house arrest in Beijing.", "In the years after Lin's death, Jiang Qing, Mao's fourth wife and a former political ally of Lin's, started the Criticize Confucius, Criticize Lin Biao campaign, aimed at using Lin's scarred image to rid her own political enemies, notably Zhou Enlai. Like many major proponents of the Cultural Revolution, Lin's image was manipulated after the movement. For many formal publications, negative aspects of the Cultural Revolution were blamed on Lin and the so-called Gang of Four . Lin was never politically rehabilitated.", "Chiang Kai-shek (October 31, 1887 – April 5, 1975) was a 20th-century Chinese political and military leader. He is known as Jiang Jieshi or Jiang Zhongzheng in Standard Chinese. Chiang was an influential member of the Kuomintang (KMT), the Chinese Nationalist Party, and was a close ally of Sun Yat-sen. He became the Commandant of the Kuomintang's Whampoa Military Academy and took Sun's place as leader of the KMT when Sun died in 1925. In 1926, Chiang led the Northern Expedition to unify the country, becoming China's nominal leader. [3] He served as Chairman of the National Military Council of the Nationalist government of the Republic of China (ROC) from 1928 to 1948. Chiang led China in the Second Sino-Japanese War (the Chinese theater of World War II ), consolidating power from the party's former regional warlords. Unlike Sun Yat-sen, Chiang Kai-shek was socially conservative, promoting traditional Chinese culture in the New Life Movement and rejecting western democracy and the nationalist democratic socialism that Sun embraced in favor of an authoritarian government.", "(1921 - 2008) Succeeded Zhou Enlai as Premier after Zhou's death in 1976. Succeeded Mao Zedong as the de facto leader of China after winning a power struggle with the so-called \"Gang of Four\". (Full biography) Archive", "Lin disappeared in 1971. The circumstances surrounding Lin's death remain clouded. Some historians believe Mao had become uncomfortable with Lin's power and had planned to purge him and Lin planned a pre-emptive coup. The Chinese government explanation was that Lin, with the help of his son Lin Liguo, had planned to assassinate Mao sometime between September 8 and 10, 1971. Lin's own daughter, Lin Liheng (Doudou), exposed her father's plot. As his plans failed, Lin and his family (his wife Ye Qun and his sons) and several personal aides attempted to escape to the Soviet Union. They were chase to the airport by Red Guards and their prearranged plane did not take onboard enough fuel before taking off. Their plane is said to have crashed in Mongolia on September 13, 1971 after running out of fuel.", " Two years later when Manchukuo collapsed, Li Yuqin shared a train with Empress Wanrong, who was experiencing opium withdrawal symptoms at the time. They were both arrested by the Soviets and sent to a prison in Changchun. Li Yuqin was released in 1946 and sent back home. She worked in a textile factory while she studied the works of Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin. In 1955 she began visiting Puyi in prison. After applying to the Chinese authorities for a divorce, the government responded on her next prison visit by showing her to a room with a double bed and ordered her to reconcile with Puyi, and she said the couple obeyed the order. She divorced Puyi in May 1957. She later married a technician, and had two sons. During the Cultural Revolution she became a target for attack by the Red Guards because she used to be Puyi's concubine. She died of liver problems in 2001.", "The most active of the Gang was Jiang Qing, who continually worked to undermine political rivals (she launched the ‘Criticise Lin Biao’ propaganda campaign in late 1973, attempting to link the now-dead and discredited Lin Biao with the highly popular Zhou Enlai). In January 1976 Zhou’s long battle with cancer ended and the Gang of Four made its fatal mistake, forbidding public acts of mourning and tribute for Zhou, and preventing the state-run media from reporting on the people’s grief. The masses were outraged by this and in April ignored the prohibition on public assembly, gathering in enormous numbers in Tiananmen Square with flowers, poems and anti-Gang of Four placards. The Gang’s response was to send in the Beijing police: many were beaten, driven away or shot, while those carrying placards were whisked away to be summarily executed. Deng Xiaoping was linked with the Tiananmen ‘counter-revolutionaries’ and for a second time temporarily removed from office and purged from the CCP. The so-called ‘Tiananmen Incident’ was the Gang of Four’s desperate response to public unrest, however it would soon backfire. When Mao himself died five months after (September 1976) the Gang of Four – with the people, the PLA and others in the Politburo against them – were soon deposed, arrested and charged with crimes against the people. It was at their subsequent show trials that they were dubbed the ‘Gang of Four’ (the term hadn’t been used previously) and all were given hefty prison sentences.", "October 6, 1976: Jiang Qing comes to power in a political coup in Beijing, backed by Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan, and Wang Hongwen, blaming a \"Soviet-Zionist conspiracy\" behind the death of Mao Tse-tung, and the country's economic collapse...", "Gradually, Red Guard and other radical activity subsided, and the Chinese political situation stabilized along complex factional lines. The leadership conflict came to a head in September 1971, when Party Vice Chairman and Defense Minister Lin Biao reportedly tried to stage a coup against Mao; Lin Biao allegedly later died in a plane crash in Mongolia.", "On September 9 , 1976 , Mao Zedong died. Mao's image from the Cultural Revolution portrayed him as an ideal person who mingled among the general public. To many, Mao's death symbolized the loss of the socialist foundation of China, and when his death was announced on the afternoon of September 9, 1976, in a press release entitled A Notice from the Central Committee, the NPC, State Council, and the CMC to the whole Party, the whole Army and to the people of all nationalities throughout the country, [14] the nation descended into grief and mourning, with people weeping in the streets and public institutions closing for over a week. Before dying, Mao had allegedly written a message on a piece of paper stating \"With you in charge, I'm at ease\", to Hua Guofeng. This legitimized Hua as the Party's new Chairman. Before this event, Hua had been widely considered to be lacking in political skill and ambitions, and as posing no threat to the Gang of Four in the race for succession. But under the influence of prominent generals like Ye Jianying , and partly under influence of Deng Xiaoping , and with the support of the Army, Hua ordered the arrest of the Gang of Four following Mao's death. By October 10 , the 8341 Special Regiment had all members of the Gang of Four arrested. Historically, this marked the end of the Cultural Revolution era.", "Former senior leader Zhao Ziyang died in January after spending more than 15 years under house arrest in Beijing for his support of students during Tiananmen in 1989. Zhao's former aide Bao Tong remained under similar surveillance in his home. In March Jiang Yanyong was released after spending more than eight months in house arrest because he wrote to government leaders in 2004 requesting an official reassessment of the 1989 crackdown. He was formally detained for two months in June 2004 and was monitored in his home after release. His wife, who was detained at the same time as Jiang, was released earlier but forbidden to travel abroad until mid-year. At year's end Jiang remained unable to travel abroad. In September blind legal advisor and family planning whistleblower Chen Guangcheng was released by security authorities after four days of formal detention, but he was immediately placed under house arrest in Yinan County, Shandong Province. Local police and other government officials took turns monitoring him. Several underground Catholic priests and bishops were under house arrest for varying periods during the year. The longest serving among them may be Bishop Su Zhimin, who has reportedly been detained in a form of house arrest in Baoding, Hebei Province, since 1997. Government officials claimed they took no coercive actions against him (see section 2.c.). Tibetan nun Phuntsog Nyidrol remained under constant surveillance and could not travel freely despite expiration of her parole in February (see Tibet addendum).", "Although Zhou escaped being directly persecuted, he was not able to save many of those closest to him from having their lives destroyed by the Cultural Revolution. Sun Weishi, Zhou's adopted daughter, died in 1968 after seven months of torture and imprisonment by Maoist Red Guards. After the end of the Cultural Revolution, Sun's plays were re-staged as a way of criticizing the Gang of Four, whom many thought were responsible for her death. ", "Mao became depressed and reclusive after the Lin Biao incident. With Lin gone, Mao had no ready answers for who would succeed him. Sensing a sudden loss of direction, Mao attempted reaching out to old comrades whom he had denounced in the past. Meanwhile, in September 1972, Mao transferred a thirty-eight-year-old cadre from Shanghai, Wang Hongwen, to Beijing and made him Vice-Chairman of the Party. Wang, a former factory worker from a peasant background, was seemingly being groomed for succession. Jiang Qing's position also strengthened after Lin's flight. She held tremendous influence with the radical camp. With Mao's health on the decline, it was clear that Jiang Qing had political ambitions of her own. She allied herself with Wang Hongwen and propaganda specialists Zhang Chunqiao and Yao Wenyuan, forming a political clique later pejoratively dubbed as the \"Gang of Four\".", "Chiang Kai-Shek, June 1946   © Chiang Kai-shek was a Chinese military and political leader who led the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party) for five decades and was head of state of the Chinese Nationalist government between 1928 and 1949.", "What is intriguing is the timing of Mr. Ai’s arrest. He has been politically active for many years, yet it was until 2011 that he got arrested. Several reasons explain the timing. Alarmed by democratic revolutions in the Arab world, Beijing is deploying pre-emptive tactics to prevent a Chinese Jasmine Revolution, according to China scholar Minxin Pei, who also points to China’s impending leadership succession in 2012 as a factor. Prospective leaders tend to be harsh toward political dissidents. Besides, CCP leaders were wary of the 22nd anniversary of the 1989 Tiananmen massacre on June 4, knowing that the more prominent dissidents inside the jail, the more peaceful that day would be.", "In February 1967 he organized the Shanghai Commune. In April 1969 he joined the Central Committee and in 1973 he was promoted to the Permanent Committee. In January 1975 he became second deputy Prime Minister. His attempt to promote himself higher in the party's hierarchy ended when he was arrested in October 1976. He was sentenced to death, together with Jiang Qing, in 1981, but his sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. Jiang died in 1991 in captivity.", "Western NGOs estimated that approximately 500 to 600 persons remained in prison for the repealed crime of \"counterrevolution,\" and thousands of others were serving sentences under the State Security Law, which Chinese authorities stated covers crimes similar to counterrevolution. Persons detained for counterrevolutionary offenses included labor activist Hu Shigen; writer Chen Yanbin; Inner Mongolian activist Hada; and dissidents Yu Dongyue, Zhang Jingsheng, and Sun Xiongying. Foreign governments urged the Government to review the cases of those charged before 1997 with counterrevolution and to release those who had been jailed for nonviolent offenses under the old statute. During the year, the Government held expert-level discussions with foreign officials on conducting such a review, but no formal review was initiated. However, a number of \"counterrevolutionary\" prisoners were released during the year, some after receiving sentence reductions, including Liu Jingsheng in November and Chen Gang in April.", "In the wake of the Tiananmen Square massacre, China sought to avoid sharp political conflict with the West, as by supporting the United Nations coalition in the Persian Gulf War, but tensions continued over such issues as Taiwan. In 1995, in reaction to a U.S. visit by Taiwan's president, Lee Teng-hui, Beijing conducted missile tests in the Taiwan Strait, and in early 1996 China conducted military exercises and missile tests close to the shores of Taiwan, in an attempt to inhibit those voting in the Taiwanese presidential election. Although it released some dissidents, the regime continued to clamp down on dissent; examples of its hard line were the long sentences given out to human-rights activist Wei Jingsheng in 1995 and political activists Xu Wenli and Qin Yongmin in 1998. In July, 1999, the Chinese government outlawed the Falun Gong (Buddhist Law) spiritual movement after a group of several thousand rallied to urge the sect's official recognition. Official corruption, economic, social, and ethnic inequality, and oppressive rural taxes sparked an increasing number of public protests beginning in the late 1990s.", "In September 1934, Jiang Qing was arrested and jailed for her political activities in Shanghai, but was released three months later, in December of the same year. She then traveled to Beijing where she reunited with Yu Qiwei who had just been released following his prison sentence, and the two began living together again.", "Western NGOs estimated that approximately 500 persons remained in prison for the repealed crime of \"counterrevolution,\" and thousands of others were serving sentences under the state security law, which Chinese authorities stated covers crimes similar to counterrevolution. Persons detained for counterrevolutionary offenses included labor activist Hu Shigen; Inner Mongolian activist Hada; and dissidents Yu Dongyue, Zhang Jingsheng, and Sun Xiongying. Foreign governments urged the government to review the cases of those charged before 1997 with counterrevolution and to release those who had been jailed for nonviolent offenses under the old statute. During the year the government held expert-level discussions with foreign officials on conducting such a review, but no formal review was initiated. However, a number of \"counterrevolutionary\" prisoners were released during the year, some after receiving sentence reductions. Editor Chen Yanbin, who received a sentence reduction several years ago, was released on April 12 after spending more than 14 years in prison. The government maintained that counterrevolutionary prisoners were eligible for parole and early release on an equal basis with other non-counterrevolutionary prisoners but provided no evidence to support this assertion.", "Ironically, it was a Chinese spy, posing as her servant, who betrayed her to Nationalist police.  She was arrested after World War II on November 11, 1945 wearing a Japanese general’s uniform.  Defeat and opium had dulled her mind and body.  Her face, according to the Chinese press at the time, resembled the English letter V. " ]

[ 4.05859375, 3.69140625, 3.681640625, 3.0703125, 1.958984375, 0.880859375, -0.293212890625, -0.35986328125, -0.4140625, -0.443115234375, -0.453125, -0.88427734375, -0.935546875, -1.1044921875, -1.54296875, -1.697265625, -1.8095703125, -1.8427734375, -1.8583984375, -2.201171875, -2.734375, -3.255859375, -3.296875, -3.806640625, -3.974609375, -4.04296875, -4.6875, -5.45703125, -5.48046875, -5.484375, -5.9609375, -7.6953125 ]

[ "The trouble with some women is they get all excited about nothing, and then they marry him. Cher | Dictionary of Quotes", "\"The trouble with some women is that they get excited about nothing — then marry him.\"", "The trouble with some women is they get all excited about nothing, and then they marry him. Cher", "The trouble with some women is that they get all excited about nothing – and then marry him. -Cher", "The women themselves were almost never interested, and so he transformed himself to make them more willing. This happened all the time; a good example was in the myth of Leda / Nemesis :", "After marriage, it took not long for her husband to stray as Eugénie found sex with him \"disgusting\". It is doubtful that she allowed further approaches by her husband once she had given him an heir. He subsequently resumed his \"petites distractions\" with other women.", "Later in the story (Volume 2, Chapter 19), it is revealed by the narrator that Mr Bennet had married his wife based on an initial and rather superficial attraction to her (\"[Mr Bennet], captivated by youth and beauty, and that appearance of good humour which youth and beauty generally give, had married a woman whose weak understanding and illiberal mind, had very early in the marriage put an end to any real affection for her. Respect, esteem, and confidence, had vanished for ever; and all of his views of domestic happiness were overthrown. But Mr. Bennet was not of a disposition to seek comfort for the disappointment which his own imprudence had brought on , in any of those pleasures which too often console the unfortunate of their folly or vice.\") It is safe to say that, when he speaks of \"[living] for making sport for [one's] neighbours, and laughing at them in our turn\", he is also saying the same of himself and his folly, for having married Mrs. Bennet in the first place.", "If you want to sacrifice the admiration of many men for the criticism of one, go ahead, get married. ~Katharine Houghton Hepburn", "“Afore I see you, I thought all women was alike,” Sam continues (542), admitting that” I like you better than nothin’ at all.... So I take the privilidge of the day, Mary, my dear - as the gen’l’m’n in difficulties did, ven he valked out of a Sunday...” (542). By taking the “privilidge” of the day, valentine’s day, Sam expresses quite succinctly the tension between marriage and breach of promise. He both implies the marriage proposal implicit in a valentine, since middle-class marriages were held on Sundays, but also reneges: legal processes were suspended on Sundays, so the “gen’l’m’n” referred to could not have obtained a marriage license on this day. Almost as affirmation, Sam repeats the same strategy, concluding, “Except of me Mary my dear as your walentine and think over what I’ve said” (542). Such contradiction (“Except” rather than “Accept” inverts the expected meaning) vaguely reminds us of Pickwick’s proposal, for he, like Pickwick, both does propose (gives the impression that he is taking “the privilidge of the day”) and does not propose.", "George Bernard Shaw, the only man to have been awarded a Nobel Prize in Literature and an Oscar, seems to have been a relatively happy man in his marriage (indeed it is felt that he would have “refused his Nobel Prize outright, because he had no desire for public honors, but accepted it at his wife's behest: she considered it a tribute to Ireland”. He wrote a long essay entitled, ‘Getting Married’ (1908) which I am very intrigued to read. His insights into marriage were penetrating, saying, “Marriage is popular because it combines the maximum of temptation with the maximum of opportunity”, and “Since marriage began, the great artist has been known as a bad husband. But he is worse: he is a child-robber, a bloodsucker, a hypocrite and a cheat. Perish the race and wither a thousand women if only the sacrifice of them enable him to act Hamlet better, to paint a finer picture, to write a deeper poem, a greater play, a profounder philosophy!”.", "They rejoice in being ordinary, everyday young people. Patience, having ascertained that Grosvenor will always be commonplace, can now truly love him. Bunthorne proposes to the joyful Jane. But the Colonel, Major, and Duke return and the Duke picks a bride—nobly choosing the least forward of the Maidens, Jane. She accepts with rapture, and deserts Bunthorne.", "   Back in 1880, when he was engaged to Alice Lee, he wrote a dissertation at Harvard in which he seemed to be as liberal and progressive as one could be in the era. He even wrote that the woman should not have to assume the man's name in marriage. Obviously he was just kissing up to the moment, like my male friends who claim to like “chick-flick” TV shows, when its obvious their wife does and they go along to be social, and then actually delude themselves that they really do like them.  ", "As a young man he scored some torrid love affairs, but in 1839 he married an older woman, carefully explaining that he was doing it for her money. Then he fell in love with her--so devoutly that their marriage remains a paradigm in the high-pressure world of high-stakes politics. His novel Sybil is dedicated to \"the most severe of critics, but--a perfect Wife!\"", "When he was a teenager, he met a young woman by the name of Lady Sarah Lenox. They fell in love and swore they would be married one day, but when George suggested the match, many of the people close to him disapproved. He then wrote to Sarah and told her \"I am born for the happiness or misery of a great nation, and consequently must often act contrary to my passions.\"", "Without prior notice, Miss Oliver visits Smith, revealing her knowledge of his commission through Mrs. Rundle and thanking him. Showing him the drawings, he approves cordially, though he detests them. She notes that his room is decorated with masterpieces, to which he responds that he is speculating her impending fame. He requests another picture, but she declines on grounds of her wedding the next month. Upon her departure, Smith considers marriage “the great female destiny—to become the supplement of a man”. His thoughts continue onto Britain’s political standing among the nations of the world, the unpredictability of literary success, and the creation of man. A curate visits, listening to Smith’s opinions about Jesus Christ, Creation, and organized religion, questioning if he is a “dissenter”, then determining that he is a prideful infidel, leaving insulted.", "“A man imagines a happy marriage as a marriage of love; even if he makes fun of marriages that are without love, or feels sorry for lovers who are without marriage.” – Chaucer", "``My dear Mr. Bennet ,'' replied his wife, ``how can you be so tiresome! You must know that I am thinking of his marrying one of them.''", "The play is actually an ongoing debate about the nature of marriage and whether it is “pleasant or unpleasant.” Lane remarks casually that he believes it to be “a very pleasant state,” before admitting that his own marriage, now presumably ended, was the result of “a misunderstanding between myself and a young person.” Algernon regards Lane’s views on marriage as “somewhat lax.” His own views are relentlessly cynical until he meets and falls in love with Cecily. Jack, by contrast, speaks in the voice of the true romantic. He tells Algernon, however, that the truth “isn’t quite the sort of thing one tells to a nice, sweet, refined girl.” At the end of the play, Jack apologizes to Gwendolen when he realizes he had been telling the truth all his life. She forgives him, she says, on the grounds that she thinks he’s sure to change, which suggests Gwendolen’s own rather cynical view of the nature of men and marriage.", "There are two apparently contradictory accounts of the impression made upon Charles by this his first sight of his intended bride. Charles wrote a letter to Lord Clarendon, in which he expressed himself very well satisfied with her. He admitted that she was no beauty, but her countenance was agreeable, he said, and \"her conversation,\" he added, \"as far as I can perceive, is very good; for she has wit enough, and a very agreeable voice. You would be surprised to see how well we are acquainted already. In a word, I think myself very happy, and I am confident that we shall agree very well together. I have not time to say any more. My lord lieutenant will tell you the rest.\" At the same time, while writing this in his official communication to his minister, he said privately to one of his companions on leaving the presence of his bride, that, \"upon his word, they had sent him a bat instead of a woman.\"", "Camus then goes on to present examples of the absurd life. He begins with Don Juan, the serial seducer who lives the passionate life to the fullest. \"There is no noble love but that which recognizes itself to be both short-lived and exceptional.\"", "\"When I see the avaricious and crafty taking companions to their tables and their beds, without any inquiry but after farms and money; or the giddy and thoughtless uniting themselves for life to those whom they have only seen by the light of tapers at a ball; when parents make articles for their children without inquiring after their consent; when some marry for heirs to disappoint their brothers, and others throw themselves into the arms of those whom they do not love, because they found themselves rejected where they were more solicitous to please; when some marry because their servants cheat them, some because they squander their own money, some because their houses are pestered with company, some because they will live like other people, and some only because they are sick of themselves; I am not so much inclined to wonder that marriage is sometimes unhappy, as that it appears so little loaded with calamity; and cannot but conclude that society has something in itself eminently agreeable to human nature, when I find its pleasures so great that even the ill choice of a companion can hardly overbalance them.\"", "George discusses his relationship to Amelia with Dobbin. The reader can tell from this passage that George cares only for the chase when it comes to women, and that he is not interested in a serious, settled marriage with Amelia. This section also highlights the great distance between George's expectations and Amelia's.", "And yet, if proverbial philosophy be true, \"The calmest husbands make the stormiest wives.\" But this evidently is not always the case, for \"When the husband is fire and the wife tow, the devil easily sets them in flames.\" But there is truth in the Tamil proverb, which belongs also to other countries, \"Husbands are in heaven whose wives chide not;\" with which may be compared the Spanish adage, \"It is a good horse that never stumbles, and a good wife that never grumbles.\" A good-looking wife, it would appear, is not always a blessing, for--", "n the next example, this scene and quote is utterly brilliant, filled with disdain and arrogance. This is not the best way to propose to a girl - “Miss Elizabeth. I have", "The chief qualification for success at courts was the power of making and appreciating mirth. The infidelities of women were commonly the narrator's theme, and an exhortation to avoid matrimony was the most common form of advice given by a man to his friend. War and intrigue were regarded as the prime amusements of life; the acquisition of wealth the only object worth serious consideration. A consequence of this creed was that the husband frequently set a price upon his wife's virtue, and made a profit out of his own dishonor. Fathers were ready to sell their daughters.--Ibid.", "Years later Alcott told Emerson about her early romance. \"He was much amused,\" she wrote, \"and begged for his letters, kindly saying he felt honored to be so worshipped. The letters were burnt long ago, but Emerson remained my 'Master,' while he lived, doing more for me,as for many anotherthan he knew, by the simple beauty of his life, the truth and wisdom of his books, the example of a great, good man.\"", "[quote]She was what every woman wanted to be and what every man wanted a woman to be.", "Re-read the Tale from line 1037 (\" 'My lige lady, generally,' quod he\"; p. 68, Cambridge Edn). to the end. What attitudes to marriage are presented here and in any relevant parts of the Prologue?", "Mortimer: Don't you understand? How can I marry you? Me! The symbol of bachelorhood. I've sneered at every love scene in every play. I've written four million words against marriage. Now I'll be hooked to a minister's daughter. And not only a minister's daughter but a girl from Brooklyn. And look at ya! Look at the way you look. What is that infernal contraption you've got there? (He gestures toward her lapel pin)", "He often speaks of his sexual desire for all breathing females. We once meet his wife who has the opposite stutter to him, preceding every statement with \"Yes, yes, yes, yes, yes...\": the perfect marriage?", "In regard to that last sentence; “The bride is her customary composed and sunny self, while tears stream down the groom’s face”. Were they tears of happiness or tears of a man blackmailed into marriage?", "[on his love for the ladies] Listen, we all do. I tell ya, there isn't a guy a met that wouldn't love to jump on a beautiful woman without knowing her name. And if that's what you call womanizing, then call me the King." ]

[ 2.15234375, 1.765625, 1.5751953125, 1.05078125, -2.513671875, -3.9375, -3.9453125, -4.5234375, -4.5703125, -4.65625, -4.92578125, -5.38671875, -5.58984375, -5.62890625, -5.765625, -6.23046875, -6.37890625, -6.390625, -6.4921875, -6.61328125, -6.70703125, -7.34375, -7.53515625, -7.703125, -7.8046875, -7.921875, -8, -8.6015625, -8.703125, -8.9140625, -9.0859375, -9.359375 ]

[ "Elijah Blue Allman (born July 10, 1976) is an American musician, the son of Cher and her second husband Gregg Allman, and half brother of Chaz Bono, Delilah Allman, Michael Allman, Layla Allman and Devon Allman. Through his mother Cher, Allman is of Armenian, Irish, English, German, and Cherokee ancestry.", "Elijah Blue Allman (born July 10, 1976), known professionally as P. Exeter Blue, is a musician and the son of singer Cher and her second husband Gregg Allman, and half brother of Chaz Bono, Delilah Allman, Michael Allman, Layla Allman and Devon Allman. Through his mother Cher, Allman is of Armenian, Irish, English, and German ancestry. On December 1, 2013, he married the German singer Marieangela King. ", "Elijah Blue, Cher ‘s 37-year-old son with rock legend Gregg Allman , has called his famous mother out for turning her back on him and his new wife Marie-Angela “Angie” King the past few months, a period that’s spanned events such as their wedding, and the holiday season.", "Full name, Cherilyn LaPiere; born Cherilyn Sarkesian, May 20, 1946, in El Centro, Calif.; daughter of John and Georgia (a model; maiden name, Holt) Sarkesian; stepdaughter of Gilbert LaPiere (a bank manager); married Sonny (Salvatore Philip) Bono (a record producer, songwriter, and entertainer), October 27, 1964 (divorced, May, 1975); married Gregg Allman (a musician), June, 1975 (divorced); children: (first marriage) Chastity; (second marriage) Elijah Blue.", "Cher's son Elijah Blue reveals rift with mother in explosive new interview | Daily Mail Online", "Oprah Gail Winfrey (born January 29, 1954) is an American media proprietor, talk show host, actress, producer, and philanthropist. She is best known for her talk show The Oprah Winfrey Show, which was the highest-rated program of its kind in history and was nationally syndicated from 1986 to 2011. Dubbed the \"Queen of All Media\", she has been ranked the richest African-American of the 20th century, the greatest black philanthropist in American history, and is currently North America's first and only multi-billionaire black person. Several assessments regard her as the most influential woman in the world. In 2013, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama and honorary doctorate degrees from Duke and Harvard. ", "Elijah Blue explained to \"Entertainment Tonight\" that his issues with his mom go back to childhood. \"When you go to boarding school at 7 years old, it's kind of hard to feel like you're not being shunned,\" he said.", "Dolly Rebecca Parton was born on 19 January, 1946, in Locust Ridge, Tennessee, to Robert Lee Parton and Avie Lee Parton (née Owens). From these humble roots, she has become an actress, one of the greatest Country and Western singer/songwriters of all time (if not the greatest), and an international superstar. She was one of 12 children and she has five sisters and six brothers, some of whom have also made their living in the entertainment industry. Her impoverished, yet cherished, childhood and her Christian faith have provided much inspiration for her song-writing, producing 'Coat of Many Colours' and 'God's Colouring Book' respectively.", "Maya Angelou (; born Marguerite Annie Johnson; April 4, 1928 – May 28, 2014) was an American poet, memoirist, and civil rights activist. She published seven autobiographies, three books of essays, several books of poetry, and was credited with a list of plays, movies, and television shows spanning over 50 years. She received dozens of awards and more than 50 honorary degrees. Angelou is best known for her series of seven autobiographies, which focus on her childhood and early adult experiences. The first, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1969), tells of her life up to the age of 17 and brought her international recognition and acclaim.", "Elijah Blue also revealed how different it was to grow up in a celebrity household. \"It wasn't like a sex drugs and rock and roll household, but you know there were a lot of big parties and there was an era for that. I mean like when I was a little kid like in the 80s there was a lot of that, you know. I mean I remember Andy Warhol coming over to the house and things like that, I didn't appreciate what that was at that time.\"", "Tatum Beatrice O'Neal (born November 5, 1963) is an American actress and author. She is the youngest person ever to win a competitive Academy Award, which she won at age 10 for her performance as Addie Loggins in Paper Moon (1973) opposite her father, Ryan O'Neal. She then starred in The Bad News Bears in 1976, followed by Nickelodeon, and Little Darlings.", "She was born Dec. 22, 1912, in the small East Texas town of Karnack. Her father was Thomas Jefferson Taylor, a wealthy rancher and merchant. Her mother was the former Minnie Lee Patillo of Alabama, who loved books and music.", "Destiny Hope Cyrus was born on November 23, 1992 in Franklin, Tennessee, a suburb of Nashville. She is the daughter of Letitia Jean \"Tish\" (née Finley) and Billy Ray Cyrus; her father was a famous country singer. Cyrus was born with tachycardia, which is a resting heart rate exceeding normal. Her birth name, Destiny Hope, was derived from her parents' belief that she would accomplish great things, and she was given the nickname \"Smiley\", later shortened to \"Miley\", because she often smiled as an infant. She officially changed her name to Miley Ray Cyrus in 2008; her middle name honors her paternal grandfather, Democratic politician Ronald Ray Cyrus, to whom she remained close until his death in 2006. Against the advice of her father's record company, Cyrus's parents secretly married a year after her birth, on December 28, 1993. They had two more children together, son Braison and daughter Noah. Cyrus has elder siblings, Trace and Brandi, and an elder paternal half-brother named Christopher, who grew up with his mother, Kristin Luckey, in South Carolina. Four of her siblings also eventually entered the entertainment business; Trace as a vocalist and guitarist for the electronic pop band Metro Station, Noah as an actress, Braison as a fashion model, and Brandi as a journalist. Cyrus's godmother is entertainer Dolly Parton. ", "Hudson was born on September 12, 1981, in Chicago, Illinois. She is the third and youngest child of Darnell Donnerson (November 7, 1950 – October 24, 2008) and Samuel Simpson (died 1999). She was raised as a Baptist in Englewood and attended Dunbar Vocational High School, from which she graduated in 1999. She cites Whitney Houston, Aretha Franklin, and Patti LaBelle as her overall biggest influences and inspiration. At the age of 7, she got her start in performing by singing with the church choir and doing community theater with the help of her late maternal grandmother, Julia. She enrolled at Langston University but she left after a semester due to homesickness and unhappiness with the weather, and registered at Kennedy–King College. ", "\"..Aretha Louise Franklin was born at a two-room house in Memphis located at 406 Lucy St.[6] She was the third of four children born to Barbara (nèe Siggers) and C.L. Franklin and the fifth of six overall in between past relationships by her parents. Franklin's family moved to Buffalo, when Franklin was two, and then by four, had settled in Detroit. Following the move to Detroit, Franklin's parents, who had a troubled marriage, split. Due to her father's work as a Baptist minister, Franklin was primarily raised by her grandmother, Rachel. Franklin suffered a tragedy when her mother died in Buffalo when Aretha was ten. Franklin sang in church at an early age and learned how to play piano by ear. By her late preteens, Franklin was regularly singing solo numbers in her father's New Bethel Baptist Church. Franklin's father, C.L. (short for Clarence LaVaughn), was a respected and popular preacher. Franklin grew up with local and national celebrities hanging out at her father's home including gospel greats Albertina Walker and her group The Caravans, Mahalia Jackson and Clara Ward, three women who played a pivotal role in her vocal development as a child....", "Blythe Katherine Danner (born February 3, 1943) is an American actress. She is the mother of actress Gwyneth Paltrow and director Jake Paltrow.", "Songs that she and her sister Anna wrote were recorded by artists such as Linda Ronstadt, Emmylou Harris and Maria Muldaur. She's also the mother of singer-songwriters Rufus and Martha Wainwright.", "Nicks was born at Good Samaritan Hospital in Phoenix, Arizona, to Jess Nicks (July 2, 1925 – August 10, 2005), former president of Greyhound's Armour-Dial, and Barbara Nicks (November 12, 1927 – December 29, 2011), a homemaker. Nicks's grandfather, Aaron Jess \"A.J.\" Nicks, Sr. (May 18, 1892 – August 1, 1974), a struggling country music singer, taught Nicks to sing duets with him by the time she was four years old. Nicks's mother was so protective that she kept her at home \"more than most people\" and during that time fostered in her daughter a love of fairy tales. The infant Stephanie could pronounce her own name only as \"tee-dee,\" which led to her nickname of \"Stevie\". ", "Mary (Minnie) Cushing, her older sister, married first husband Vincent Astor, the inheritor of $200 million in 1912 (approximately $4 billion in 2005 dollars), then divorced him and married artist James Whitney Fosburgh. Her younger sister Barbara (Babe) Cushing was first married to Standard Oil heir Stanley Mortimer, Jr., before divorcing him and marrying CBS founder William S. Paley. Babe Paley was often short-listed as one of the world's best-dressed women and became a doyenne of New York society, heralded by the likes of Truman Capote. (Both of Betsey's sisters died within several months of each other in 1978.)", "in 1972 - Mahalia Jackson dies at age 60. African-American gospel singer, nicknamed �Halie,\" she grew up in the Black Pearl section of the Carrollton neighborhood of Uptown New Orleans, Louisiana. Best known for her contralto voice range, she was widely regarded as the best in the history of the genre, and was the very first \"Queen of Gospel Music\". With her powerful, distinct voice, she became one of the most influential gospel singers in the world. She recorded about 30 albums, and her 45 rpm records included a dozengold million-sellers. She has been honored with 6 grammys, for her recordings \"How I Got Over\", \"Guide Me, O Thou Great Jehovah\", \"Make A Joyful Noise Unto The Lord\" \"Great Songs Of Love And Faith\" \"Everytime I Feel the Spirit\" and a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award (Heart failure and diabetes)", "Her mother died of complications of childbirth shortly after she was born. According to actress Hedy Lamarr , who met Tallulah, when the latter was doing stage in Vienna, in an interview, shortly before her own death, until the day she died, Tallulah had blamed herself for her mother's death. Evan Tallulah's father could not convince her otherwise.", "A source told The Post that Alexa Ray's mom was particularly concerned. \"Her mother, Christie Brinkley, was terrified that someone would harm her baby,\" the source said. \"Billy Joel was worried, but focused.\"", "She has an older brother, Sheldon, and a half-sister, the singer Roslyn Kind, from her mother's remarriage to Louis Kind in 1949. Roslyn is nine years younger than Streisand.", "Personal Life: (1922-1965) Born in Cleveland. Mother was an aspiring entertainer. Father was a cabinet maker and minister. Mother created a song and dance act for her and her 2 sisters called “The Wonder Children” who appeared in nightclubs for several years as well as later became The Dandridge Sisters. Made her first film in 1935. Married twice and had a daughter to first husband Harold Nicholas. Second husband was a white man, abuser, and gold digger who used all her money before abandoning her. Was swindled by those who handled her finances of $150,000 and was in $139,000 debt in back taxes that she was forced to sell her Hollywood home. Daughter was officially diagnosed with brain damage but was probably autistic (problems were associated with social and verbal skills) and eventually sent to a state mental institution when she couldn’t afford to keep her. Was also plagued by drinking problems later in life. Died either of an embolism or drug overdose at 42.", "Born in Monroeville, Nelle Harper Lee was called Nelle (pronounced Nell). Like Atticus Finch, her father was a lawyer and lawmaker.", "Gave birth to her 3rd child at age 36, a daughter named Madison Brown-Belafonte on September 1, 2011. Child's father is her 2nd husband, Stephen Belafonte .", "Presents the life of a daughter of a former slave, 102-year-old Daisy Turner. She recalls childhood incidents and her father's Civil War experiences and talks about life in her homestead in Vermont. Folklorist Jane Beck fills in details about traditions preserved in the Turner family. 28 min. Video/C 2163", "Her eldest sibling, Katie, died in infancy. Her other siblings were Mildred Katherine West, later known as Beverly (December 8, 1898 – March 12, 1982), and John Edwin West, II (sometimes inaccurately called \"John Edwin West, Jr.\"; February 11, 1900 – October 12, 1964). During her childhood, West's family moved to various parts of Woodhaven, as well as the Williamsburg and Greenpoint neighborhoods of Brooklyn. In Woodhaven, at Neir's Social Hall (which opened in 1829 and is still extant), West supposedly first performed professionally. ", "Marguerite Annie Johnson was born in St. Louis, Missouri, on April 4, 1928, the second child of Bailey Johnson, a doorman and navy dietitian, and Vivian (Baxter) Johnson, a nurse and card dealer. Angelou's older brother, Bailey Jr., nicknamed Marguerite \"Maya\", derived from \"My\" or \"Mya Sister\". When Angelou was three and her brother four, their parents' \"calamitous marriage\"Angelou (1969), p. 6. ended, and their father sent them to Stamps, Arkansas, alone by train, to live with their paternal grandmother, Annie Henderson. In \"an astonishing exception\" to the harsh economics of African Americans of the time, Angelou's grandmother prospered financially during the Great Depression and World War II because the general store she owned sold needed basic commodities and because \"she made wise and honest investments\".", "Jackson, Mississippi; 1962–1964. College grad and fledgling writer Eugenia “Skeeter” Phelan searches for a book-worthy project. At the urging of an editor, Skeeter interviews African American maids Aibileen and Minny about their relationships with their employers. Violating segregration laws, the three women question their lives. Some strong language. Bestseller. 2009.", "Trivia: Mother was a writer of several prize-winning children’s novels. Grandfather was first violinist of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. Was a Scientologist.", "I think it shaped her in a big way. Helen had this myth of herself as this poor, hillbilly girl from Arkansas who made it big. But as a child, she was not poor, she was middle-class. In fact, her father was a lawyer and her mother was a schoolteacher. Her mother moved Helen and her older sister, Mary, to Los Angeles after his death. Yet Helen always described herself as this mouseburger from Arkansas." ]

[ 5.3671875, 5.2734375, 4.5390625, 0.11962890625, -0.2279052734375, -2.337890625, -2.484375, -2.62890625, -2.6328125, -3.595703125, -4.421875, -4.9453125, -5.53125, -5.5703125, -5.57421875, -5.6953125, -6.38671875, -6.5, -6.7578125, -6.8984375, -7.078125, -7.08203125, -7.50390625, -7.62109375, -7.92578125, -8.0546875, -8.1484375, -9.1875, -9.2578125, -9.765625, -9.921875, -10.609375 ]

[ "Roger Moore will perhaps always be remembered as the man who replaced Sean Connery in the James Bond series, arguably something he never lived down. Roger George Moore was born on October 14, 1927 in Stockwell, London, England, the son of Lillian (Pope) and George Alfred Moore, a policeman. He first wanted to be an artist, but got into films full time after becoming an extra in the late 1940s. Moore also served in the British military during the Second World War. He came to America in 1953. Suave, extremely handsome, and an excellent actor, he got a contract with MGM . His initial foray met with mixed success, with movies like Diane (1956) and Interrupted Melody (1955), as well as The Last Time I Saw Paris (1954).", "Roger Moore will perhaps always be remembered as the man who replaced Sean Connery in the James Bond series, arguably something he never lived down. Roger George Moore was born on October 14, 1927 in Stockwell, London, England, the son of Lillian (Pope) and George Alfred Moore, a policeman. He first wanted to be an artist, but got into films full time after becoming an extra in the late 1940s. Moore also served in the British military during the Second World War. He came to America in 1953. Suave, extremely handsome, and an excellent actor, he got a contract with MGM . His initial foray met with mixed success, with movies like Diane and Interrupted Melody , as well as The Last Time I Saw Paris .", "Roger Moore was born in London, England, on October 14, 1927, to a policeman father and a housewife mother. Moore did well in school, attending Hackford Road elementary and Battersea Grammar School, and he also was a notably good swimmer (which would come in handy in a few James Bond movies decades later). Moore dropped out of school when he was 15 and went to work for Publicity Picture Productions, a London film company, where he became an animation apprentice.", "Roger Moore was born on 14 October 1927 in Stockwell, now part of the London Borough of Lambeth, in London. He is the only child of Lillian \"Lily\" (née Pope), a housewife, and George Alfred Moore, a policeman. His mother was born in Calcutta, India, of English origin. He attended Battersea Grammar School, but was evacuated to Holsworthy, Devon, during World War II. He was then educated at Dr Challoner's Grammar School in Amersham, Buckinghamshire. He then attended the College of the Venerable Bede at the University of Durham, but did not graduate. he also lived in Prestwich Manchester.", "MORE INFO ON ROGER MOORE: Perhaps he will always be remembered as the guy who replaced Sean Connery in the James Bond series, arguably something he never lived down. Roger Moore was born in Stockwell, London, in 1927, the son of a policeman. He first wanted to be an artist, but got into films full time after becoming an extra in the late forties. Moore also served in the British Military During the Second World War. He came to America in 1953. Suave, extremely handsome, and an excellent actor, he got a contract with MGM . His initial foray met with mixed success, with movies like Diane (1956) and Interrupted Melody (1955), as well as The Last Time I Saw Paris (1954).", "Roger Moore was born in Stockwell, London , the son of a policeman, he attended Dr Challoner's Grammar School in Amersham, Buckinghamshire, England . During World War II , he served in the entertainment branch (above luminaries such as Spike Milligan). He first appeared in films in the 1940s, as an extra, and then was a leading man, notably in television. Besides having been The Saint, many episodes of which he also directed, Moore was Ivanhoe, the noble knight, and featured as the leading man of The Persuaders! It was for this he was paid the then unheard of sum of one million pounds for a single series, making him the highest paid television actor in the world.", "Roger Moore, alias British secret agent James Bond, is seen with his co-stars Tanya Roberts, and Grace Jones, right, in front of Chateau de Chantilly, on the set of the 007 action film \"A View to a Kill,\" in 1984.", "Michael Moore (born April 23, 1954) is an Academy Award-winning American filmmaker, author, and liberal political commentator.", "Squires met Roger Moore (12 years her junior) at one of her lavish parties at her mansion in Wansunt Road, Old Bexley, Kent (which has now been replaced by houses). He later became her second husband when they married in New Jersey on 6 July 1953. She said many times over the years \"it started with a squabble, then he carried me off to bed.\" She took him to Hollywood and introduced him to all the right people, and they partied with Gary Cooper, Grace Kelly, Doris Day and Rock Hudson. As his career took off, hers started to slide. Their marriage lasted until 1961, when Moore left her and moved in with Luisa Mattioli. Moore was unable to marry legally until Squires granted him a divorce in 1969 – the day on which Squires was convicted of drunk driving. ", "Roger Moore is best known for his role as the Secret Service Agent 007, James Bond. He starred in several popular Bond films including âLive and Let Dieâ, âThe Spy who Loved Meâ, âMoonrakerâ, âFor Your Eyes Onlyâ, âOctopussyâ and âA View to a Killâ.", "Moore saved his sense of purpose for real life. A veteran humanitarian, he is currently speaking out in London against foie gras. But I'm happier that he is out promoting his third book about being Bond and starring in something called An Evening with Sir Roger Moore. On 14 October, his 85th birthday, he'll be appearing at the Rose Theatre in Kingston. If you are in the neighborhood, you should go. Chances are it won't be brilliant, but it will be fun.", "Because Roger Moore deemed that no good photos exist of him as a child, the black and white boyhood picture of Brett Sinclair in the opening credits is that of his son Geoffrey Moore See more »", "Roger Moore, his wife Kristina and his son Geoffrey at the opening of his restaurant Shumi in London - October 2003", "* was born in London in 1930, the son of an English mother, a shop assistant before marriage, who he remembered as being \"maniacally possessive\" and \"unmusical\" and Jewish father, Jerold, a brass engraver, who was estranged from his from his Russian parents, Orthodox in religion, when he married Gertude, a Christian.", "Michael Moore Producer, Bowling for Columbine Michael Francis Moore was born in Flint, Michigan on April 23, 1954, and was raised in its Davison suburb. He is the son of Helen Veronica (Wall), a secretary, and Francis Richard Moore, who worked on an auto assembly line. He has Irish, as well as English and Scottish, ancestry. Moore studied journalism at the University of Michigan-Flint...", "Moore said he was \"exceptionally close\" to his mother Gertrude, a talented artist who shared his Selsey home, which was decorated with her paintings of \"bogeys\" – little friendly aliens – which she produced and sent out annually as the Moores' Christmas cards. Moore wrote the foreword for his mother's 1974 book, Mrs Moore In Space. ", "Sir Roger Moore has said that he is \"totally distraught\" at the death of his James Bond co-star Richard Kiel who has died aged 74.", "21. ^ Berthoud, Roger, ‘’The Life of Henry Moore’’, A William Abrahams Book, E.P. Dutton, New York 1987", "SignOnSanDiego.com > News > Features -- Call him Sir Roger: James Bond actor Roger Moore receives knighthood", "Roger Moore - Live And Let Die , The Man With The Golden Gun , The Spy Who Loved Me , Moonraker , For Your Eyes Only , Octopussy , A View to a Kill (1973-1985)", "Cannonball Run, 1981. Roger Moore is a man believing himself to be both Roger Moore and James Bond, who participates in a madcap, cross-country, road race driving a gadget-laden Aston Martin DB5 similar to that driven by Sean Connery in Goldfinger .", "Despite his dimunitive stature, \"Cuddly Dudley\" was known as something of a ladies' man. Moore married Suzy Kendall in 1958, Tuesday Weld in 1975, Brogan Lane in 1988 and Nicole Rothschild in 1994. He had a son, Patrick, by his second marriage and a son, Nicholas, by his fourth.", "Roger Moore dishes on 007 in ‘Bond on Bond’ BY DOUGLASS K. DANIEL AP Book Reviewer", "Roger Moore played in seven movies, and went up to 1985. I liked him because he really made Bond look like a gentleman. I believe he was very successful as a Bond.", "Both he and his daughter, Deborah Moore , have acted in the James Bond franchise. She played the air hostess in Die Another Day (2002).", "Roger Moore stated on Twitter on June 11: \"It's terribly [sic] when you lose an old friend, and Christopher Lee was one of my oldest. We first met in 1948 ... Our thoughts are for Lady Lee, Christina and Juan.\"", "Her costar might have taken those withering glances to heart. \"Roger Moore said to me, ‘Please stop looking at me like that, with such venom.’ It made him really uncomfortable,” writes Jones. “Roger Moore was such a softie, although he did have incredibly hard legs and the stiffest hair.”", "Dudley Moore was married four times, to actresses Suzy Kendall (I), Tuesday Weld, Brogan Lane and 'Nicole Rothschild', and had two sons, one with Tuesday Weld and one with Nicole Rothschild.", "Dudley Moore was married four times, to actresses Suzy Kendall , Tuesday Weld , Brogan Lane and 'Nicole Rothschild', and had two sons, one with Tuesday Weld and one with Nicole Rothschild.", "Yes, certainly, there is only one Roger Moore.  I've worked with him lots of times and he's a pal.", "On December 28, 1930, when Welles was 15, his father died of heart and kidney failure at the age of 58, alone in a hotel in Chicago. Shortly before this, Welles had announced to his father that he would stop seeing him, believing it would prompt his father to refrain from drinking. As a result, Orson felt guilty because he believed his father had drunk himself to death because of him. His father's will left it to Orson to name his guardian. When Roger Hill declined, Welles chose Maurice Bernstein.", "Q Michael Kramer: How much fun was it working with Roger Moore? And what was the best part about filming with him?" ]

[ 4.62109375, 4.35546875, 3.4453125, 2.509765625, 1.9013671875, 1.572265625, -1.4794921875, -1.9033203125, -2.30859375, -2.3203125, -2.3828125, -2.86328125, -2.884765625, -3.134765625, -3.431640625, -4.484375, -4.57421875, -4.6875, -4.8359375, -4.859375, -4.94140625, -5.1640625, -5.41796875, -5.44140625, -5.58203125, -5.62890625, -6.87890625, -7.5, -7.60546875, -7.7578125, -7.81640625, -8.21875 ]

[ "Pablo Picasso, widely acknowledged as the dominant figure in 20th-century art, was born in Malaga, Spain, in 1881. His father was a professor of drawing and bred Picasso for a career in academic art. He had his first exhibit at age 13 and later quit art school so he could experiment full-time with modern art styles. He went to Paris for the first time in 1900, and in 1901 he returned with 100 of his paintings, aiming to win an exhibition. He was introduced to Ambroise Vollard, a dealer who had sponsored Paul Cezanne, and Vollard immediately agreed to a show at his gallery after seeing the paintings. From street scenes to landscapes, prostitutes to society ladies, Picasso’s subjects were diverse, and the young artist received a favorable review from the few Paris art critics who saw the show. He stayed in Paris for the rest of the year and later returned to Paris to settle permanently.", "Pablo Ruiz Picasso was born on October 25, 1881, in the Andalusian port city of Málaga in Spain. Encouraged by his father, who moved the family in 1895 to Barcelona to accept an academic position as a professor of painting, Picasso began drawing and painting at a very early age. His early training followed a conservative academic tradition, and his work consisted of realistic representations from life and frequently included religious themes. From 1900 to 1904, Picasso lived primarily in Barcelona but traveled and worked frequently in Paris, where he would permanently settle in 1904.", "He was born Pablo Ruiz Picasso on October 6, 1881, in Malaga, Spain. He was the first child of Jose Ruiz y Blasco and Maria Picasso y Lopez. His father was an artist and professor of art at the School of Fine Arts, and also a curator of museum in Malaga, Spain. Picasso began studying art under his father's tutelage, continued at the Academy of Arts in Madrid for a year, and went on his ingenious explorations of the new horizons. He went to Paris in 1901 and found the environment conducive for his experiments with new art styles. Gertrude Stein , Guillaume Apollinaire , and André Breton were among his friends and collectors.", "Picasso was born the son of an artist in Malaga, Spain, in 1881. At first trained by his father, he studied art in Madrid and Barcelona, and moved to Paris in 1904. He lived and worked in France for most of is life.", "Picasso was born on October 25, 1881, in Malaga, Spain, the son of an artist, Jose Ruiz, and Maria Picasso. Rather than adopt the common name Ruiz, the young Picasso preferred to use the rarer name of his mother, although his official name was much longer, incorporating homages to other family members and saints. An artistic prodigy, legend has it that his first words were “piz, piz”, in an attempt to say “lápiz”, the Spanish word for pencil.", "On October 25, 1881, painter Pablo Picasso was born in Malaga, Spain, and would go on to become one of the founders of Cubism and one of the most influential artists of all time.", "Birthday - Artist Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) was born in Malaga, Spain. He was an experimental painter and also became a fine sculptor, engraver and ceramist.", "Picasso came into his own as an important artist during the first decade of the 20th century. He arrived in Paris from Spain around the turn of the century as a young, ambitious painter out to make a name for himself. Although he eventually left most of his friends, relatives and contacts in Spain, he continued to live and paint in Spain while making regular trips back to France. For several years he alternated between living and working in Barcelona, Madrid and the Spanish countryside, and made frequent trips to Paris. By 1904, he was fully settled in Paris and had established several studios, important relationships with both friends and colleagues. Between 1901 and 1904, Picasso began to achieve recognition for his Blue period paintings. In the main these were studies of poverty and desperation based on scenes he had seen in Spain and Paris at the turn of the century. Subjects included gaunt families, blind figures, and personal encounters; other paintings depicted his friends, but most reflected and expressed a sense of blueness and despair. ", "Pablo Ruiz was born in Malaga on 25 October 1881, the son of an art teacher. He later adopted his mother's maiden name of Picasso. He grew up in Barcelona, showing artistic talent at an early age. In the early 1900s, he moved between France and Spain before finally settling in Paris in 1904. There he experimented with a number of styles and produced his own original ones, reflected in his 'Blue' and 'Rose' periods.", "Born in Málaga on the southern coast of Spain in 1881, Pablo Picasso could supposedly draw before he could talk. By age 13 he was said to have out-mastered his father, an art teacher. As a result, his father allegedly handed over his brushes and palette to Picasso and swore that he would never paint again. Soon after, Picasso sought admission to an art school in Barcelona. Although a month was normally allowed to complete the entrance examination, he finished his in a single day. Much later, he stated that he could draw “like Raphael” when he was young. “But it has taken me my whole life to learn to draw like a child,” he added.", "Picasso's father was a professor of drawing, and he bred his son for a career in academic art. Picasso had his first exhibit at age 13 and later quit art school so he could experiment full-time with modern art styles. He went to Paris for the first time in 1900, and in 1901 was given an exhibition at a gallery on Paris' rue Lafitte, a street known for its prestigious art galleries. The precocious 19-year-old Spaniard was at the time a relative unknown outside Barcelona, but he had already produced hundreds of paintings. Winning favorable reviews, he stayed in Paris for the rest of the year and later returned to the city to settle permanently.", "Pablo Ruiz y Picasso, also known as Pablo Picasso (; ; 25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973), was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, stage designer, poet and playwright who spent most of his adult life in France. Regarded as one of the greatest and most influential artists of the 20th century, he is known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture, the co-invention of collage, and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore. Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907), and Guernica (1937), a portrayal of the Bombing of Guernica by the German and Italian airforces at the behest of the Spanish nationalist government during the Spanish Civil War.", "Born in M�laga on October 25, 1881, Picasso was the son of Jos� Ruiz Blasco, an art teacher, and Mar�a Picasso y Lopez. Until 1898 he always used his father's name, Ruiz, and his mother's maiden name, Picasso, to sign his pictures. After about 1901 he dropped \"Ruiz\" and used his mother's maiden name to sign his pictures. His large academic canvas Science and Charity, depicting a doctor, a nun, and a child at a sick woman's bedside, won a gold medal.", "A precocious draftsman, Picasso was admitted to the advanced classes at the Royal Academy of Art in Barcelona at 15. After 1900 he spent much time in Paris, remaining there from 1904 to 1947, when he moved to the South of France. His power is revealed in his very early works, some of which were influenced by Toulouse-Lautrec (such as Old Woman, 1901; Philadelphia Mus. of Art).", "A precocious draftsman, Picasso was admitted to the advanced classes at the Royal Academy of Art in Barcelona at 15. After 1900 he spent much time in Paris, remaining there from 1904 to 1947, when he moved to the South of France. His power is revealed in his very early works, some of which were influenced by Toulouse-Lautrec (such as Old Woman, 1901; Philadelphia Mus. of Art).", "Picasso was baptized Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso, a series of names honoring various saints and relatives. Ruiz y Picasso were included for his father and mother, respectively, as per Spanish law. Born in the city of Málaga in the Andalusian region of Spain, he was the first child of Don José Ruiz y Blasco (1838–1913) and María Picasso y López. His mother was of Italian descent, from the territory of Genoa. Though baptized a Catholic, Picasso would later on become an atheist. Picasso's family was of middle-class background. His father was a painter who specialized in naturalistic depictions of birds and other game. For most of his life Ruiz was a professor of art at the School of Crafts and a curator of a local museum. Ruiz's ancestors were minor aristocrats.", "Picasso's Blue Period (1901–1904), characterized by somber paintings rendered in shades of blue and blue-green, only occasionally warmed by other colors, began either in Spain in early 1901, or in Paris in the second half of the year. [22] Many paintings of gaunt mothers with children date from the Blue Period, during which Picasso divided his time between Barcelona and Paris. In his austere use of color and sometimes doleful subject matter – prostitutes and beggars are frequent subjects – Picasso was influenced by a trip through Spain and by the suicide of his friend Carlos Casagemas . Starting in autumn of 1901 he painted several posthumous portraits of Casagemas, culminating in the gloomy allegorical painting La Vie (1903), now in the Cleveland Museum of Art . [23]", "Pablo Picasso (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish-born painter, sculptor, draughtsman, printmaker, decorative artist and writer, active in France. He dominated 20th-century European art and was central in the development of the image of the modern artist. Episodes of his life were recounted in intimate detail, his comments on art were published and his working methods recorded on film. Painting was his principal medium, but his sculptures, prints, theatre designs and ceramics all had an impact on their respective disciplines. Even artists not influenced by the style or appearance of his work had to come to terms with its implications.", "   In 1891, Picasso moved with his family to La Coruña, where he studied fine art formally, as well as with his father, who was an artist and former professor at the School of Arts and Crafts in Malaga. The family moved again in 1896 to Barcelona, where Picasso excelled at the School of Fine Arts. In 1897, he entered the Royal Academy of San Fernando in Madrid, an academic environment he found stifling. Picasso promptly quit the academy and returned to Barcelona, where he surrounded himself with vanguard artists and writers, continuing to study art informally.", "This period's starting point is uncertain; it may have begun in Spain in the spring of 1901 or in Paris in the second half of the year. In choosing austere color and sometimes doleful subject matter—prostitutes, beggars and drunks are frequent subjects—Picasso was influenced by a journey through Spain and by the suicide of his friend; Carlos Casagemas took his life at the L’Hippodrome Café in Paris, France by shooting himself in the right temple on February 17, 1901. Although Picasso himself later recalled, \"I started painting in blue when I learned of Casagemas's death\", art historian Hélène Seckel has written: \"While we might be right to retain this psychologizing justification, we ought not lose sight of the chronology of events: Picasso was not there when Casagemas committed suicide in Paris ... When Picasso returned to Paris in May, he stayed in the studio of his departed friend, where he worked for several more weeks to prepare his exhibition for Vollard\". The works Picasso painted for his show at Ambroise Vollard's gallery that summer were generally characterized by a \"dazzling palette and exuberant subject matter\". Picasso's psychological state worsened as 1901 continued. ", "Picasso was born into an artist’s family. His dad painted professionally and taught him art from a very young age. He started painting at seven, which was unusual back then. Picasso was born on October 25, 1881, right into the golden age of Impressionism and Realism. His father was a realist, but Picasso hated all formalities in art.", "When Picasso returned to Barcelona in 1899, he drew a line under his academic career and his artistic career began in earnest. He began to frequent the, now famous, Els Quatre Gats (The Four Cats) cafe , where he would meet with other artists, and avant-garde thinkers (and drinkers) and became part of Barcelona's Bohemian set. In 1900 he staged his first individual exhibition at the Cats. In the same year he made his first trip to Paris, for the Universal Exhibition, and was inspired by the avant garde works of Cezanne, Matisse, and the Fauvist movement which was taking place at the time.", "In 1895, when Picasso was 14 years old, he moved with his family to Barcelona, Spain. where he quickly applied to the city's prestigious School of Fine Arts. Although the school typically only accepted students several years his senior, Picasso's entrance exam was so extraordinary that he was granted an exception and admitted. Nevertheless, Picasso chafed at the School of Fine Arts' strict rules and formalities, and began skipping class so that he could roam the streets of Barcelona, sketching the city scenes he observed.", "Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) is the Spaniard who's considered one of the most notable artists of the 20th Century. He's primarily known for developing the art style known as Cubism .", "Picasso didn’t have to go far to work on a piece for the Paris exhibition—he had lived in France since 1904. An expat who was vocal about his opposition to the militant autocracy of his home country, Picasso crafted the tribute to the war-torn Spanish city without having set foot within the nation’s borders since 1934. He would never return to Spain.", "Born in 1881, Picasso was considered an artistic prodigy as a child. His father was an art professor, so he received instruction while very young—the above drawing of a sculpture was done in 1893 when he was twelve.", "This open, cosmopolitan city, birthplace of a unique artist and now a focal point for art and culture worldwide, will always remember Picasso as its favourite son.", "At the beginning of the 20th century, Cubism was developed by Georges Braque and the Spanish painter Pablo Picasso, living in Paris. Other foreign artists also settled and worked in or near Paris, such as Vincent van Gogh, Marc Chagall, Amedeo Modigliani and Wassily Kandinsky.", "Georges Braque was born on 13 May 1882 in Argenteuil, Val-d'Oise. He grew up in Le Havre and trained to be a house painter and decorator like his father and grandfather. However, he also studied artistic painting during evenings at the École des Beaux-Arts, in Le Havre, from about 1897 to 1899. In Paris, he apprenticed with a decorator and was awarded his certificate in 1902. The next year, he attended the Académie Humbert, also in Paris, and painted there until 1904. It was here that he met Marie Laurencin and Francis Picabia.", "Georges Braque was born on 13 May 1882, in Argenteuil, Val-d'Oise. He grew up in Le Havre and trained to be a house painter and decorator like his father and grandfather. However, he also studied artistic painting during evenings at the École des Beaux-Arts, in Le Havre, from about 1897 to 1899. In Paris, he apprenticed with a decorator and was awarded his certificate in 1902. The next year, he attended the Académie Humbert, also in Paris, and painted there until 1904. It was here that he met Marie Laurencin and Francis Picabia.", "Pablo Picasso - The Most Famous Artist of the 20th Century - The Art History Archive", "Picasso created Le Moulin de la Galette in 1900. In it he paid tribute to French artists such as Toulouse-Lautrec and Steinlen as well as his Catalan compatriot Ramon Casas." ]

[ 5.23828125, 5.0625, 4.9609375, 4.375, 3.849609375, 3.2109375, 1.8173828125, 1.6181640625, 1.0751953125, 0.9990234375, 0.90087890625, 0.822265625, 0.71142578125, 0.70068359375, 0.70068359375, 0.50830078125, -0.083740234375, -0.1783447265625, -0.434326171875, -0.62353515625, -0.814453125, -1.525390625, -1.7021484375, -2.099609375, -2.267578125, -2.40234375, -3.494140625, -4.3984375, -4.80859375, -4.81640625, -5.86328125, -6.6328125 ]

[ "Now and then, Davos has a celebrity guest or two, an elusive figure more exotic or enticing than the usual array of Prime Ministers, Nobelists, and billionaires. One year it was Angelina Jolie and Brad Pitt, another it was Bono. This year’s white rabbit was the London School of Economics dropout Mick Jagger. Reports had initially had him leaving Davos, as a result of his misgivings that his presence might be seen as an endorsement of the policies of the British Prime Minister, David Cameron. It turned out, though, that Jagger, who was not an official participant, had merely skipped a tea party hosted by Cameron and had stuck around town, popping up at private events here and there, but not, evidently, at the Congress Center. Jagger sightings were conversational currency.", "On 21 February 2012 Mick Jagger, B.B. King, Buddy Guy and Jeff Beck, along with a blues ensemble, performed at the White House concert series before President Barack Obama. When Jagger held out a mic to him, Obama sang twice the line \"Come on, baby don't you want to go\" of the blues cover 'Sweet Home Chicago', the blues anthem of Obama's home town. ", "On 21 February 2012 Mick Jagger, B.B. King, Buddy Guy and Jeff Beck, along with a blues ensemble, performed at the White House concert series before President Barack Obama. When Jagger held out a mic to him, Obama sang twice the line \"Come on, baby don't you want to go\" of the blues cover 'Sweet Home Chicago', the blues anthem of Obama's home town.", "Sir Michael Philip \"Mick\" Jagger (26 July 1943) is an English singer, songwriter and actor, best known as the lead singer and a co-founder of the Rolling Stones .", "Sir Michael Philip \"Mick\" Jagger is an English singer, songwriter, and actor, best known as the lead vocalist and a co-founder of the Rolling Stones.", "--- Reportedly, the CIA and its friends have taken a strong interest in Mick Jagger (seen above with Obama). The CIA plan is to control the minds of the musicians and then use the musicians to control the minds of the populace. The CIA uses drugs and Satanism when it mind-controls the stars. The Rolling Stones and The Occult - Global Truth In his book, ...", "Mick Jagger is an English singer, songwriter, and actor. He is known as the lead vocalist for, and a founding member of, The Rolling Stones, a band whose members also include Keith Richards , Charlie Watts , Ronnie Wood , and, previously, Bill Wyman .", "Michael Philip Jagger was born in 1943, in Dartford, Kent. A good student, Mick attended grammar school and then won a place at the prestigious London School of Economics. As has been well documented, he was a childhood friend of future Stones bandmate, guitarist and co-writer Keith Richards, with whom he lost touch during adolescence, before a chance meeting on the platform of the local railway station in 1960 brought them back together in their late teens. Discovering a shared passion for American rhythm and blues and rock’n’roll, they started hanging out, playing records and then making music.", "    May 9, 1967: Keith Richards flies back to London and spends time with Mick Jagger discussing their court", "Sir Michael Philip \"Mick\" Jagger (b. 1943), Golden Globe and Grammy Award-winning English singer of the Rolling Stones", "\" Sympathy for the Devil,\" by the Rolling Stones, in which lead singer Mick Jagger, in character as Satan, says that \"you and me\" killed the Kennedys. The lyrics were changed from \"Kennedy\" to \"Kennedy's\" when Robert Kennedy was assassinated during the recording session for the song.", "Other world leaders who have followed in Churchill's footsteps and journeyed to Westminster College include: US Presidents Ronald Reagan, Gerald Ford, and George H. W. Bush; British Prime Ministers Edward Heath, Margaret Thatcher, and Sir John Major; Polish President Lech Wałęsa; and Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev.", "In the early 1950s Keith Richards and Mick Jagger were classmates at Wentworth Primary School in Dartford, Kent . [2] They met again in 1960 while Richards was attending Sidcup Art College . [3] Richards recalled, \"I was still going to school, and he was going up to the London School of Economics ... So I get on this train one morning, and there's Jagger and under his arm he has four or five albums... He's got Chuck Berry and Muddy Waters\". [4] With mutual friend Dick Taylor (later of Pretty Things ), they formed the band Little Boy Blue and the Blue Boys. [3] Stones founders Brian Jones and pianist Ian Stewart were active in the London R&B scene fostered by Cyril Davies and Alexis Korner . Jagger and Richards met Jones while he was playing slide guitar sitting in with Korner's Blues Incorporated . Korner also had hired Jagger periodically and frequently future Stones drummer Charlie Watts . [5] Their first rehearsal was organised by Jones and included Stewart, Jagger and Richards - the latter came along at Jagger's invitation. In June 1962 the lineup was: Jagger, Richards, Stewart, Jones, Taylor, and drummer Tony Chapman. Taylor then left the group. Jones named the band The Rollin' Stones, after the song \" Rollin' Stone \" by Muddy Waters . [6] [7]", "Jagger left school in 1961 after obtaining seven O-levels and three A-levels. Jagger and Richards moved into a flat in Edith Grove in Chelsea, London with a guitarist they had encountered named Brian Jones. While Richards and Jones planned to start their own rhythm and blues group, Jagger continued to study business as an undergraduate student at the London School of Economics,\"Mick Jagger\" entry, Contemporary Musicians, Volume 53. Thomson Gale, 2005. and had seriously considered becoming either a journalist or a politician, comparing the latter to a pop star.Christopher Andersen, Jagger, published by Delacorte Press, New York, 1993, p. 49George Tremlet, The Rolling Stones Story, Futura Publications Ltd., London, 1974, pp. 109–10", "2003: Rolling Stones singer Mick Jagger was knighted by Prince Charles at Buckingham Palace. Jagger brought his 92-year-old father Joe to the ceremony.", "The Rolling Stones’ story began in 1960 when childhood friends Mick Jagger and Keith Richards bumped into one another while attending different colleges in London, England. With a mutual adoration of R&B performers like Chuck Berry and Muddy Waters, Jagger and Richards began listening to American music and then playing it together regularly. They assembled the other members of the band while playing in London blues clubs. By December 1962, the lineup was complete with vocalist Mick Jagger, guitarists Keith Richards and Brian Jones, pianist Ian Stewart, bassist Bill Wyman and drummer Charlie Watts.", "In September 1950, Keith Richards and Jagger were classmates at Wentworth Primary School, Dartford, Kent. In 1954, Jagger passed the eleven-plus and went to Dartford Grammar School, which now has the Mick Jagger Centre installed within the school's site, named for its most famous alumnus. Jagger and Richards lost contact with each other when they went to different schools, but after a chance encounter at Dartford Station in July 1960, resumed their friendship and discovered their shared love of rhythm and blues, which for Jagger had begun with Little Richard.White, Charles. (2003), pp. 119-120, The Life and Times of Little Richard: The Authorised Biography, Omnibus Press.", "Jagger and Richards first met at Dartford Maypole County Primary School. When they ran into each other 10 years later in 1960, they were both avid fans of blues and American R&B, and they found they had a mutual friend in guitarist Dick Taylor, a fellow student of Richards' at Sidcup Art School. Jagger was attending the London School of Economics and playing in Little Boy Blue and the Blue Boys with Taylor. Richards joined the band as second guitarist; soon afterward, he was expelled from Dartford Technical College for truancy.", "The Rolling Stones is a legendary English rock band known for such hits as Paint it Black, Lady Jane, Ruby Tuesday, and (I Can't Get No) Satisfaction. Their singer, Mick Jagger, starred in several films.", "Childhood friends and classmates in their native Dartford, Kent in the 1950s, Mick Jagger and Keith Richards lost touch after attending different schools in their teens but reconnected when they met at their local train station in 1960. Having bonded over their mutual love of American rhythm and blues, they formed the Rolling Stones primarily as a vehicle to popularize that type of music in the UK. However, their songwriting ability was apparent as early as 1964 when they included their own composition, the pop ballad ‘Tell’ ‘Me’,’ ‘on their eponymous debut album.", "The British blues boom was destined to be eclipsed by rock when Mick Jagger and Keith Richards met on a train. They had been close friends when they were small, and they recognized each other and found something new in common: Jagger had been sending away to the USA for Chess albums, and had a bunch of them under his arm. They began to get together for private jams with Dick Taylor, who later formed the Pretty Things, a band which 'resembled nothing so much as Spitting Image puppets of the early Rolling Stones', according to English writer Charles Shaar Murray. When Jagger and Richards went to a gig at the Marquee, they heard a guest who sounded like Elmore James on slide guitar: Brian Jones. After adding older men Bill Wyman on bass and Charlie Watts on drums, they began performing.", "    February 20, 2012: Mick Jagger rehearses at the White House in Washington D.C. for the next day's show.", "*Mick Jagger – lead singer, The Rolling Stones (15, 19, 49, 65, 112, 129, 191, 195, 268, 273, 324, 359/360, 409, 441, 454, 560, 573, 689, 723, 775, 828/829, 855, 946, 951, 983, 1000, 1050, 1092, 1105, 1183)", "*April 4 – Mick Jagger attends the opening of an arts center named after him at Dartford Grammar School in southeast England.", "Hence Crawford, voted 17th greatest Briton - eclipsing William Blake, Alexander Graham Bell and others - benefited hugely from being interviewed on Parkinson days after the poll opened. Likewise, the fact that the vote coincided with the 25th anniversary of the birth of punk helped to elevate John Lydon - better known as the Sex Pistol Johnny Rotten - into 87th place while Mick Jagger was ignored.", "Description above from the Wikipedia article Mick Jagger, licensed under CC-BY-SA, full list of contributors on Wikipedia.", "“Waiting on a Friend” 132 1st Avenue New York, New York At one time this bar was called the St. Marks Bar & Grill, and in the 1981 video for their hit, “Waiting on a Friend,” Mick Jagger and Keith Richards met the rest of the Rolling Stones here (after Mick waited for Keith on the stoop of the building seen on the cover of Led Zeppelin’s Physical Graffiti album). The band was filmed performing in this tiny space for the rest of the day, and for years the bar sold T-shirts commemorating the event.", "In 1971, the Rolling Stones left England for the south of France in order to escape a tax debt that they owed to the British government. Even though they were on the run, Mick Jagger took a step toward domesticity when he married his girlfriend, Bianca Perez-Mora Macias, on May 12, 1971, at the Town Hall in St. Tropez, France.", "After graduating from Forest Hills High School, Simon majored in English at Queens College, while Garfunkel studied mathematics at Columbia University in Manhattan. Simon was a brother in the Alpha Epsilon Pi fraternity, earned a degree in English literature, and briefly attended Brooklyn Law School after graduation, but his real passion was rock and roll.", "Thompson attended I.N. Bloom Elementary School, Highland Middle School, and Atherton High School, before transferring to Louisville Male High School in September 1952, following the death of his father. That same year he was accepted as a member of the Athenaeum Literary Association, a school-sponsored literary and social club that had been founded at Male High in 1862. Its members at the time, generally drawn from Louisville's wealthy upper-class families, included Porter Bibb, who became the first publisher of Rolling Stone.", "2015: The Rolling Stones played a surprise gig at the 1,300-capacity Fonda Theatre in Los Angeles during which they performed the entire ‘Sticky Fingers’ album. The audience included Jack Nicholson, Bruce Willis, Harry Styles, Leonard Cohen and Patricia Arquette.", "July 11, 2012: The Rolling Stones are gathered in London and are photographed in front of a mock-up of The" ]

[ 1.421875, 1.3759765625, 1.3759765625, 0.081298828125, -0.1900634765625, -0.27099609375, -0.3193359375, -0.54638671875, -1.1064453125, -1.3916015625, -1.42578125, -1.9931640625, -2.779296875, -3.1796875, -3.212890625, -3.25, -3.333984375, -3.669921875, -4.359375, -4.37890625, -4.390625, -4.59765625, -4.90625, -5.55078125, -5.59375, -6.96875, -7.29296875, -8.0859375, -9.0078125, -10.2890625, -10.3125, -10.8671875 ]

[ "General relativity (GR, also known as the general theory of relativity or GTR) is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1915 and the current description of gravitation in modern physics. General relativity generalizes special relativity and Newton's law of universal gravitation, providing a unified description of gravity as a geometric property of space and time, or spacetime. In particular, the curvature of spacetime is directly related to the energy and momentum of whatever matter and radiation are present. The relation is specified by the Einstein field equations, a system of partial differential equations.", "General relativity (GR, also known as the general theory of relativity or GTR) is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1915 and the current description of gravitation in modern physics. General relativity generalizes special relativity and Newton's law of universal gravitation, providing a unified description of gravity as a geometric property of space and time, or spacetime. In particular, the curvature of spacetime is directly related to the energy and momentum of whatever matter and radiation are present. The relation is specified by the Einstein field equations, a system of partial differential equations.", "in 1915, Albert Einstein (1879 – 1955) published the general theory of relativity, in which gravity is not a force but it is a consequence of the curvature of space-time.", "In 1915 Einstein published his general theory of relativity where he argued that the properties of space-time were to be conceived as modified locally by the presence of a body with mass. The theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of matter, space, and time.", "Science AMA Series: In 1915, Einstein published his general theory of relativity. How are scientists using Einstein's theory today? We cover physics and astronomy for Science News. Ask us anything! : science", "Einstein published his general theory of relativity paper in 1915, showing, for example, how gravity distorts space and time. Light is deflected by powerful gravity, not because of its mass (light has no mass) but because gravity has curved the space that light travels through.", "Einstein continued working at the patent office until 1909, when he finally found a full-time academic post at the University of Zurich. In 1913, he arrived at the University of Berlin, where he was made director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics. The move coincided with the beginning of Einstein’s romantic relationship with a cousin of his, Elsa Lowenthal, whom he would eventually marry after divorcing Mileva. In 1915, Einstein published the general theory of relativity, which he considered his masterwork. This theory found that gravity, as well as motion, can affect time and space. According to Einstein’s equivalence principle–which held that gravity’s pull in one direction is equivalent to an acceleration of speed in the opposite direction–if light is bent by acceleration, it must also be bent by gravity. In 1919, two expeditions sent to perform experiments during a solar eclipse found that light rays from distant stars were deflected or bent by the gravity of the sun in just the way Einstein had predicted.", "Abstract: The first comprehensive overview of the final version of the general theory of relativity was published by Einstein in 1916 after several expositions of preliminary versions and latest revisions of the theory in November 1915. A historical account of this review paper is given, of its prehistory, including a discussion of Einstein's collaboration with Marcel Grossmann, and of its immediate reception.", "Sometimes known as the Theory of General Relativity, this was Albert Einstein �s refinement (published in 1916) of his earlier Special Theory of Relativity and Sir Isaac Newton�s much earlier Law of Universal Gravitation . The theory holds that acceleration and gravity are indistinguishable - the Principle of Equivalence - and describes gravity as a property of the geometry (more specifically a warpage) of space-time . Among other things, the theory predicts the existence of black holes , an expanding universe , time dilation , length contraction , gravitational light bending and the curvature of space-time . Although classical physics can be considered a good approximation for everyday purposes, the predictions of general relativity differ significantly from those of classical physics . They have become generally accepted in modern physics, however, and have been confirmed by all observations and experiments to date.", "For a while Einstein thought that there were problems with the approach, but he later returned to it and, by late 1915, had published his general theory of relativity in the form in which it is used today.[48] This theory explains gravitation as distortion of the structure of spacetime by matter, affecting the inertial motion of other matter. During World War I, the work of Central Powers scientists was available only to Central Powers academics, for national security reasons. Some of Einstein’s work did reach the United Kingdom and the United States through the efforts of the Austrian Paul Ehrenfest and physicists in the Netherlands, especially 1902 Nobel Prize-winner Hendrik Lorentz and Willem de Sitter of Leiden University.", "In 1912, Einstein returned to Switzerland to accept a professorship at his alma mater, the ETH. Once back in Zurich, he immediately visited his old ETH classmate Marcel Grossmann, now a professor of mathematics, who introduced him to Riemannian geometry and, more generally, to differential geometry. On the recommendation of Italian mathematician Tullio Levi-Civita, Einstein began exploring the usefulness of general covariance (essentially the use of tensors) for his gravitational theory. For a while Einstein thought that there were problems with the approach, but he later returned to it and, by late 1915, had published his general theory of relativity in the form in which it is used today. This theory explains gravitation as distortion of the structure of spacetime by matter, affecting the inertial motion of other matter.", "Albert Einstein (Script error: No such module \"IPAc-en\".; Template:IPA-de ; 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist . Einstein's work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science . [3] [4] He developed the general theory of relativity , one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics ). [2] [5] Einstein is best known in popular culture for his mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2 (which has been dubbed \"the world's most famous equation\"). [6] He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his \"services to theoretical physics\", in particular his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect , a pivotal step in the evolution of quantum theory . [7]", "Soon after publishing the special theory of relativity in 1905, Einstein started thinking about how to incorporate gravity into his new relativistic framework. In 1907, beginning with a simple thought experiment involving an observer in free fall, he embarked on what would be an eight-year search for a relativistic theory of gravity. After numerous detours and false starts, his work culminated in the presentation to the Prussian Academy of Science in November 1915 of what are now known as the Einstein field equations. These equations specify how the geometry of space and time is influenced by whatever matter and radiation are present, and form the core of Einstein's general theory of relativity. ", "In November, 1915, Einstein completed the general theory of relativity, which he considered the culmination of his life research. He was convinced of the merits of general relativity because it allowed for a more accurate prediction of planetary orbits around the sun, which fell short in Isaac Newton ’s theory, and for a more expansive, nuanced explanation of how gravitational forces worked. Einstein's assertions were affirmed via observations and measurements by British astronomers Sir Frank Dyson and Sir Arthur Eddington during the 1919 solar eclipse, and thus a global science icon was born. ", "Albert Einstein 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist and philosopher of science. He developed the general theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics). He is best known in popular culture for his mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2 (which has been dubbed \"the world's most famous equation\"). He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics \"for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect\". The latter was pivotal in establishing quantum theory.", "But Einstein was not satisfied. Special relativity was just that—special. It could not describe all types of motion, such as objects in the grip of gravity, the large-scale force that shapes the universe. Ten years later, in 1915, Einstein made up for the omission with his general theory of relativity, which amended Newton's laws by redefining gravity.", "Einstein's General Theory of Relativity was published in 1916. In 1921 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for physics.", "In May, 1919 during British solar-eclipse expeditions (carried out in Sobral, Ceará, Brazil , as well as on the island of Principe, at the west coast of Africa ) Arthur Eddington supervised measurements of the bending of star light as it passed close to the Sun, resulting in star positions appearing further away from the Sun. This effect is called gravitational lensing and the positions of the stars observed were twice that which would be predicted by Newtonian physics. These observations match that predicted by the Field Equation of general relativity. Eddington announced that the results confirmed Einstein's prediction and The Times reported that confirmation on November 7 of that year, with the headline: \"Revolution in science – New theory of the Universe – Newtonian ideas overthrown\". Nobel laureate Max Born viewed General Relativity as the \"greatest feat of human thinking about nature\"; fellow laureate Paul Dirac called it \"probably the greatest scientific discovery ever made\". These comments and resulting publicity cemented Einstein's fame. He became world-famous – an unusual achievement for a scientist.", "1917 - Albert Einstein publishes a paper introducing the � cosmological constant � into the General Theory of Relativity in an attempt to model the behaviour of the entire universe , an idea he later called his �greatest blunder� but which, in the light of recent discoveries, is beginning to look remarkably prescient.", "Einstein's published papers on general relativity were not available outside of Germany due to the war. News of Einstein's new theory reached English-speaking astronomers in England and America via Dutch physicists Hendrik Antoon Lorentz and Paul Ehrenfest and their colleague Willem de Sitter , Director of Leiden Observatory. Arthur Stanley Eddington in England, who was Secretary of the Royal Astronomical Society, asked de Sitter to write a series of articles in English for the benefit of astronomers. He was fascinated with the new theory and became a leading proponent and popularizer of relativity. [20] Most astronomers did not like Einstein's geometrization of gravity and believed that his light bending and gravitational redshift predictions would not be correct. In 1917, astronomers at Mt. Wilson Observatory in southern California published results of spectroscopic analysis of the solar spectrum that seemed to indicate that there was no gravitational redshift in the Sun. [21] In 1918, astronomers at Lick Observatory in northern California obtained photographs at a solar eclipse visible in the United States. After the war ended, they announced results claiming that Einstein's general relativity prediction of light bending was wrong; but they never published their results due to large probable errors. [22]", "In 1905 a young, 26-year-old German physicist (then a Bern patent clerk) named Albert Einstein (1879–1955), showed how measurements of time and space are affected by motion between an observer and what is being observed. To say that Einstein's radical theory of relativity revolutionized science is no exaggeration. Although Einstein made many other important contributions to science, the theory of relativity alone represents one of the greatest intellectual achievements of all time. Although the concept of relativity was not introduced by Einstein, his major contribution was the recognition that the speed of light in a vacuum is constant, i.e. the same for all observers, and an absolute physical boundary for motion. This does not impact a person's day-to-day life since most objects travel at speeds much slower than light speed. For objects travelling near light speed, however, the theory of relativity shows that clocks associated with those objects will run more slowly and that the objects shorten in length according to measurements of an observer on Earth. Einstein also derived the famous equation, E = mc2, which expresses the equivalence of mass and energy.", "In 1917, Einstein published \"On the Quantum Mechanics of Radiation\" (\"Zur Quantentheorie der Strahlung,\" Physkalische Zeitschrift 18, 121–128). This article introduced the concept of stimulated emission, the physical principle that allows light amplification in the laser . He also published a paper that year that used the general theory of relativity to model the behavior of the entire universe, setting the stage for modern cosmology. In this work Einstein created the cosmological constant, which he later considered his \"biggest blunder\". [15]", "In the summer of 1915 Einstein gave a series of lectures at Gottingen on the general theory, and apparently succeeded in convincing both Hilbert and Klein that he was close to an important discovery, despite the fact that he had not yet arrived at the final form of the field equations. Hilbert took up the problem from an axiomatic standpoint, and carried on an extensive correspondence with Einstein until the 19th of November. On the 20th, Hilbert submitted a paper to the Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften in Gottingen with a derivation of the field equations. Five days later, on 25 November, Einstein submitted a paper with the correct form of the field equations to the Prussian Academy in Berlin. The exact sequence of events leading up to the submittal of these two papers � and how much Hilbert and Einstein learned from each other � is somewhat murky, especially since Hilbert�s paper was not actually published until March of 1916, and seems to have undergone some revisions from what was originally submitted. However, the question of who first wrote down the fully covariant field equations (including the trace term) is less significant than one might think, because, as Einstein wrote to Hilbert on 18 November after seeing a draft of Hilbert�s paper", "In 1917, Einstein published \"On the Quantum Mechanics of Radiation\". This article introduced the concept of stimulated emission, the physical principle that allows light amplification in the laser. He also published a paper that year that used the general theory of relativity to model the behavior of the entire universe, setting the stage for modern cosmology. In this work he created his self-described \"worst blunder\", the cosmological constant.", "In 1905 Einstein published his special theory of relativity. Einstein argued that the laws of nature are the same for all observers in unaccelerated motion, and the speed of light is independent in the motion of its source. Einstein postulated that the time interval between two events was longer for an observer in whose frame of reference the events occur in different places than for the observer for whom they occur at the same place.", "In 1905, Albert Einstein wrote his first paper on special relativity . In it, he established that light travels at the same speed no matter how fast the observer moves. Even using the most precise measurements possible, the speed of light remains the same for an observer standing still on the face of the Earth as it does for one traveling in a supersonic jet above its surface. Similarly, even though the Earth is orbiting the sun, which is itself moving around the Milky Way, which is a galaxy traveling through space, the measured speed of light coming from our sun would be the same whether one stood inside or outside of the galaxy to calculate it. Similarly, Einstein calculated that the speed of light doesn't vary with time or place.", "1905 - Albert Einstein publishes his Special Theory of Relativity , in which he generalizes Galileo's Principle of Relativity (that all uniform motion is relative, and that there is no absolute and well-defined state of rest) from mechanics to all the laws of physics, and incorporates the principle that the speed of light is the same for all inertial observers regardless of the state of motion of the source.", "a German-born theoretical physicist. He developed the general theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics)", "66.Eddington, A.S. THE THEORY OF RELATIVITY AND ITS INFLUENCE ON SCIENTIFIC THOUGHT. 32p., Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1922. (The Romanes Lecture, 1922).", "* Emmy Noether, who proved the conservation of energy and other constants of motion in 1915.", "Richard Feynman , The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Volume I, Chapter 15. The Special Theory of Relativity", "In 1905, Albert Einstein published “On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies”, in which he advanced one of his most famous theories and overturned centuries of accepted notions and orthodoxies. In his paper, he postulated that the speed of light was the same in all inertial reference frames, regardless of the motion of the light source or the position of the observer." ]

[ 9.234375, 9.234375, 7.859375, 6.62109375, 6.03515625, 6.02734375, 5.8515625, 5.8515625, 5.4375, 5.3671875, 5.2421875, 4.9921875, 4.67578125, 4.640625, 4.58984375, 3.849609375, 3.712890625, 3.29296875, 2.978515625, 2.771484375, 1.8603515625, 1.6748046875, 1.2275390625, 0.9306640625, 0.72607421875, -0.1910400390625, -0.303466796875, -2.322265625, -2.431640625, -2.96875, -3.2734375, -4.484375 ]

[ "1968 40th Academy Awards postponed to April 10th due to death of Martin Luther King Jr", "The Oscar ceremony in April 1968 was delayed by two days (and held on April 10) due to Martin Luther King's assassination on April 4th and subsequent funeral. This was the second time in Academy history that the ceremony was postponed (it was also delayed in 1938 and 1981).", "The Oscar ceremony in April of 1968 was delayed by two days (and held on April 10th) due to Martin Luther King's assassination (on April 4th).", "Grants were awarded to film-related organizations and colleges for internships, film festivals and other projects, following the establishment of a scholarship program for film students in the mid 1960s. The Oscar ceremony was postponed from April 8 to April 10 out of respect for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., who had been assassinated a few days earlier, and whose funeral was held on April 9.", "Fred Astaire (born Frederick Austerlitz; May 10, 1899 – June 22, 1987) was an American dancer, singer, actor, choreographer and television presenter.", "Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American author and journalist. His economical and understated style had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction , while his life of adventure and his public image influenced later generations. Hemingway produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, and won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. He published seven novels, six short story collections, and two non-fiction works. Three novels, four collections of short stories, and three non-fiction works were published posthumously. Many of his works are considered classics of American literature .", "Humphrey Bogart (December 25, 1899 – January 14, 1957), was an Academy Award-winning American actor and film star. In 1999, the American Film Institute named Bogart the 'Greatest Male Star of All Time.'", "The ceremony, hosted by Johnny Carson, is scheduled for March 30 but postponed a day after the assassination attempt on President Ronald Reagan. The acting winners are all under 40. De Niro declines to talk about any connection between “Taxi Driver” and the attempt on the president’s life.", "Kirk Douglas December 9, 1916  American stage and film actor, film producer and author. He is #17 on the American Film Institute's list of the greatest male American screen legends of all time. In 1996, he received the Academy Honorary Award\"for 50 years as a creative and moral force in the motion picture community\".", "Grace Patricia Kelly (12 November 1929–14 September 1982) was a beautiful Oscar-winning actress, fashion icon, and princess of Monaco.", "Roger Ebert (June 18, 1942 – April 4, 2013) was an American film critic and historian, journalist, screenwriter and author. He was a film critic for the Chicago Sun-Times from 1967 until his death in 2013. In 1975, Ebert was the first film critic to win the Pulitzer Prize for Criticism. As of 2010, his reviews were syndicated to more than 200 newspapers in the United States and abroad. Ebert also published more than 20 books and dozens of collections of reviews.", "He died of cerebral hemorrhage (stroke) in 1948 on the way to a Hollywood hospital, after being discovered unconscious in his room at the Knickerbocker Hotel in Los Angeles, where he had been living alone. [1] There was a large public service in his honor at the Hollywood Masonic Temple, where numerous stars came to pay their last respects. He is buried at Mount Tabor Methodist Church Graveyard in Centerfield, Kentucky . [16] In 1950, The Director's Guild of America provided a stone and bronze monument for his gravesite.", "Barrymore died on November 15, 1954 from a heart attack in Van Nuys, California, and was entombed in the Calvary Cemetery in East Los Angeles, California. He is honored with two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, in the motion picture and radio categories. He is also a member of the American Theatre Hall of Fame, along with his siblings, Ethel and John. ", "Because Clift was considered unemployable in the mid 1960s, Taylor put her salary for the film on the line as insurance, in order to have Clift cast as her co-star in Reflections in a Golden Eye. Still, shooting kept being postponed, until Clift agreed to star in the mediocre The Defector so as to prove himself fit for work. He insisted on performing his stunts himself, including swimming in the river Elbe in March. The schedule for Reflections in a Golden Eye was then set for August 1966, but Clift died before the movie was set to shoot. He was replaced by Marlon Brando. Clift and Taylor remained good friends until his death.", "*June 23 – Bob Fosse, American dancer, musical theater choreographer, director, screenwriter and director (died 1987)", "Highest number of hosts for one Oscars telecast. For several years, the Academy used a gimmick dubbed \"Friends of Oscar\" that featured a roster of rotating hosts for each ceremony. The broadcast featuring the most \"Friends\" took place on April 7, 1970, and included stars like Bob Hope, John Wayne , Barbra Streisand , Fred Astaire , Clint Eastwood, James Earl Jones, and Elizabeth Taylor . Packing in so much star power paid off for the Academy: the broadcast was the Awards' highest-rated telecast of all time.", "In 1999—four days after screening a final cut of Eyes Wide Shut for his family,  Tom Cruise ,  Nicole Kidman , and Warner Bros. executives—70-year-old Kubrick died of a heart attack in his sleep. He was buried next to his favorite tree in  Childwickbury Manor ,  Hertfordshire , England, U.K. [91]", "At the same time, he became not only the producer but also the chief adviser of many successful films, including \"The Quiet Man\", on which he worked with his long-standing friend, John Ford. For eight years, he acted as President of the International Olympic Committee during an extremely difficult period, and was later unanimously elected Honorary Life President. Lord Killanin died in April 1999.", "Fred Zinnemann was one of Hollywood's most distinguished directors. The winner of four Oscars, he directed such classics as \"High Noon,\" \"From Here to Eternity,\" \"A Man for All Seasons\" and \"Julia\" during his 50-year career. Zinnemann, who died last year at age 89, initially studied in Paris to become a cinematographer. But when the Austrian emigre came to the United States in 1929, he was denied admission to Hollywood's cameraman's union.", "On March 7, 1999, four days after screening a final cut of Eyes Wide Shut for his family and the stars, Kubrick died in his sleep of natural causes at the age of 70. His funeral was held on March 12 at his home estate with only close friends and family in attendance, totaling approximately 100 people. The media was kept a mile away outside the entrance gate.", "The star who died at the height of his career became a Hollywood legend despite his fame being cut short by a tragic turn of events.", "With rumors circulating that Trumbo had written the Oscar-winning The Brave One , it triggered a discussion in the industry about the propriety of the blacklist, since so many screenplays were being written by blacklisted individuals who were being denied screen credit. The blacklist only worked to suppress the prices of screenplays by these talented writers. In 1958, Pierre Boulle won the Oscar for the screenplay adapted from his novel The Bridge on the River Kwai , which was unusual since Boulle could not speak nor write in English, which may have been the reason he did not attend the awards ceremony to pick up the Oscar in person. It was immediately realized that the screenplay had likely been written by a blacklisted screenwriter. It was - Michael Wilson and Carl Foreman .", "Nichols died of a heart attack on November 19, 2014, at his apartment in Manhattan. During the 87th annual Academy Awards ceremony of February 22, 2015, Nichols was featured in the anchor or \"hammer\" position of the In Memoriam feature. ", "Academy Award-winning actor: My Fair Lady [1964]; Cleopatra, Dr. Dolittle, The Agony and the Ecstasy; died June 2, 1990", "Most Crushing Loss: Not receiving an honorary Oscar for his career because he didn’t live long enough.", "Academy Award-winning actor: The Bridge on the River Kwai [1957]; The Empire Strikes Back, The Lavender Hill Mob, Star Wars, A Passage to India, The Quiller Memorandum; died Aug 5, 2000", "At the 1957 Academy Awards, Robert Rich won the Oscar for best original story of 1956 for The Brave One . Rich was not present to accept the award, which was accepted on his behalf by Jesse Lasky Jr. of the Screen Writers Guild. When journalists began digging in to the background of the phantom Mr. Rich, they found out he was the nephew of a producer. Suspicion then arose that Rich was a pseudonym for the blacklisted Trumbo.", "On March 30, 1992, Roach appeared at the 64th Academy Awards ceremony, hosted by Billy Crystal. When Mr. Roach rose from the audience for a standing ovation, he decided to give a speech without a microphone, causing Crystal to quip \"I think that's appropriate because Mr. Roach started in silent films.\" At the 42nd Berlin International Film Festival, Roach was given the honorary award of the Berlinale Camera. ", "director: My Fair Lady, A Star is Born, Born Yesterday, Love Among the Ruins, The Philadelphia Story; died Jan 24, 1983", "actor: The Damned, Death in Venice, The Vision, A Bridge Too Far, Night Flight from Moscow; died May 8, 1999", "Was one of the co-hosts of what may have been the only Academy Awards ceremony that actually ended earlier than expected, by almost twenty minutes - The 31st Annual Academy Awards (1959). He and several other celebrities gallantly tried everything they could to improvise and fill the extra time. NBC mercifully cut the broadcast short to air a short film about target shooting until the next scheduled program began, which in most cases was the local news.", "Most Crushing Loss: Not being nominated for Best Actor in 1962 for The Music Man. Guess the 76 trombones was too much for the Academy." ]

[ 5.265625, 4.9140625, 4.55078125, 2.470703125, 0.09686279296875, -0.0079803466796875, -0.908203125, -0.90869140625, -1.1376953125, -1.138671875, -1.478515625, -3.28515625, -3.423828125, -3.75, -3.908203125, -3.994140625, -4.1171875, -4.31640625, -4.609375, -5.03515625, -5.171875, -5.2578125, -5.515625, -6.2421875, -6.33984375, -6.4609375, -6.63671875, -7.5234375, -7.64453125, -7.90234375, -8.03125, -8.265625 ]

[ "Mary Patricia McAleese (; née Leneghan; ; born 27 June 1951) served as the eighth President of Ireland from 1997 to 2011. She was the second female president and was first elected in 1997 succeeding Mary Robinson, making McAleese the world's first woman to succeed another as president. She was re-elected unopposed for a second term in office in 2004. McAleese is the first President of Ireland to have come from either Northern Ireland or Ulster. ", "From 1990 to 1997, Mary Robinson, a Dublin lawyer, served as Ireland's first female president. Mary McAleese, a law professor from Belfast, succeeded Robinson in 1997. McAleese became the first person from Northern Ireland to become president of Ireland. She later became embroiled in controversy when in a speech she referred to northern Protestants as nazis.", "  / m æ k ə ˈ l iː s / ; née Leneghan; Irish : Máire Pádraigín Mhic Ghiolla Íosa; [1] born 27 June 1951) served as the eighth President of Ireland from 1997 to 2011. She was the second female president and was first elected in 1997 succeeding Mary Robinson , making McAleese the world's first woman to succeed another as president. [2] She was re-elected unopposed for a second term in office in 2004. [3] McAleese is the first President of Ireland to have come from either Northern Ireland or Ulster . [4]", "During the 1990s, the economy grew significantly, buoyed by EU subsidies and new foreign investment. By the end of the decade, unemployment was below the EU average, although pockets of poverty persisted. In late 1994, after the IRA and Protestant militias agreed to a cease-fire, efforts were begun to negotiate a settlement of the the Northern Ireland issue. Despite some setbacks, agreements were reached in Apr., 1998, and approved by voters in both the Irish Republic and Northern Ireland in May. Women's issues, such as the government's strong antiabortion stance and the constitutional ban on divorce, also became a focus in the 1990s; a referendum legalizing divorce passed by a narrow margin in 1995. In 1991, Ireland elected its first female president, Mary Robinson, and in 1997 Mary McAleese became its first president from Northern Ireland.", "Mary Therese Winifred Robinson (née Bourke) (Irish: Máire Mhic Róibín; born 21 May 1944) served as the seventh, and first female, President of Ireland from 1990 to 1997, and the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, from 1997 to 2002. She first rose to prominence as an academic, barrister, campaigner and member of the Irish Senate (1969–1989). She defeated Fianna Fáil's Brian Lenihan and Fine Gael's Austin Currie in the 1990 presidential election becoming, as an Independent candidate nominated by the Labour Party, the Workers' Party and independent senators, the first elected president in the office's history not to have had the support of Fianna Fáil.. English poet and novelist | Famous Love Poet", "mbr. of Roman Catholic Episcopal Delegation to the New Forum, 1984, and attracted criticism from the Liberal camp; adopted as Fianna F�il presidental candidate, strongly promoted by Bertie Ahern, and elected President of Ireland, 11 Nov. 1997, having resigned from QUB, 30 Oct. 1997; issued Reconciled Being: Love in Chaos (1997), an informal spiritual autobiography; moved to �ras an Uachtarain, accomp. by her husband Martin and children Emma, Justin and Sara-Mai; travelled widely representing Ireland, in particular at diaspora cultural centres;", "November 1 1990: Mary Robinson (pictured here with former US President Bill Clinton) defeated odds-on favourite Brian Lenihan to become the first female President of Ireland.", "Browne's comments matched the attitudes of Irish people on Robinson's achievements as president between 1990 and 1997. By half way through her term of office her popularity rating reached an unheard of 93%. When in 1997 she resigned from the Presidency three months early to take up the post of United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights she was the most widely recognised president since de Valera, the most popular president of Ireland in the history of the office, so popular she was the first choice for re-election to the office if she had sought it, even of the late Brian Lenihan 's Fianna Fáil. In the final photocall of her presidency, former taoisigh and senior government figures stood beside her, beaming with pride at what had been, by any standards, a remarkably successful presidency that had changed the face of the office, the office-holder and Ireland. (See photo above)", "Michael Daniel Higgins (; born 18 April 1941) is the ninth and current President of Ireland, in office since 11 November 2011.", "McAleese won the Presidency with 45.2% of first preference votes. In the second and final count against Banotti, she won 58.7% of preferences. On 11 November 1997, she was inaugurated as the eighth President of Ireland. Within weeks of this she made her first official overseas trip to Lebanon. ", "Irish president Mary Robinson and John Hume, former leader of the Social Democratic and Labour Party, awarded the Nobel Peace prize in 1998 together with David Trimble for their contribution to peace in Northern Ireland.", "Mary McAleese was born in Belfast. Like Mary Robinson she was lecturer in Law at Trinity College and before becoming President she was Pro Vice-Chancellor at Queen's University, Belfast. She was elected President on November 11, 1997,beating four other candidates of which only one was male.", "The election of Mary Robinson as Ireland’s first woman president 25 years ago was an extraordinary event, Bride Rosney has recalled.", "On 11th November, 1997, Mary McAleese was inaugurated as the eighth President of Ireland and was re-elected in 2004. She is a barrister and former Professor of Law and the first President to come from Northern Ireland. She graduated in Law from the Queen's University of Belfast in 1973 and was called to the Northern Ireland Bar in 1974. In 1975, she was appointed Reid Professor of Criminal Law, Criminology and Penology at Trinity College Dublin and in 1987, she returned to her Alma Mater, Queen's, to become Director of the Institute of Professional Legal Studies. In 1994, she became the first female Pro-Vice Chancellor of the Queen's University of Belfast. She has a longstanding interest in many issues concerned with justice, equality, social inclusion, anti-sectarianism and reconciliation.", "McAleese described the theme of her presidency as \"building bridges\". The first individual born in Northern Ireland to become President of Ireland, President McAleese was a regular visitor to Northern Ireland throughout her presidency, where she was on the whole warmly welcomed by both communities, confounding critics who had believed she would be a divisive figure. People from Northern Ireland, indeed people from right across the nine-county Province of Ulster , were regular and recurring visitors to Áras an Uachtaráin while she was there. [19] She is also an admirer of Queen Elizabeth II , whom she came to know when she was Pro-Vice Chancellor of Queen's . In March 1998, President McAleese announced that she would officially celebrate the Twelfth of July as well as Saint Patrick's Day , recognising the day's importance among Ulster Protestants .", "Prominent Irish Labour Party member Mary Robinson, who subsequently became President of Ireland, resigned from the Irish Labour Party because she believed that the Agreement “could not achieve its objective of securing peace and stability within Northern Ireland… because… it would be unacceptable to all sections of Unionist opinion”.", "Christy Ring Nicholas Christopher Michael Ring was born in Cloyne, Co. Cork on the 12th of October 1920 and he died on the second of March 1979. He won eight senior All / Ireland medals playing for Cork and eighteen Railway Cup medals with Munster . Rugadh é i chontae Chorcaí sa bhlian 1920 agus fuair sé bás sa bhlian 1979. Bhuaigh sé ocht bonn All Ireland nuair a bhí sé ag imirt. Mary Robinson Mary Robinson was born on May 21st 1944. She served as the seventh and the first female President of Ireland from 1990 to 1997. Rugadh Maire sa bhlian 1944. Ba í an chéad bean in Aras an Uachtarán.", "1990-1997  IRL: Mary Robinson is elected President of Ireland.  Ireland experiences rapid economic growth. It is called the Celtic Tiger.", "Lorna Siggins, The Woman Who Took Power in the Park: Mary Robinson, President of Ireland, 1990-1997 (Mainstream Publishing, 1997) ISBN 1851588051", "Browne's comments matched the attitudes of Irish people on Robinson's achievements as president between 1990 and 1997. By half way through her term of office her popularity rating reached an unheard of 93%. [19]", "[11] [12] The Dubliners with President Higgins of Ireland in 2012. (Left To Right; Gerry O'Connor, Eamonn Campbell, Sean Cannon, John Sheahan, President Michael Higgins and Paddy Reilly)", "Mary Robinson was elected Irish President in 1990 and served for seven years as a principled and transformative leader who continued to fight for equality and women’s rights throughout her time in office. A firm believer in dialogue and reconciliation, she broke taboos by being the first Irish head of state to make official visits to Britain, as well as regularly visiting Northern Ireland.", "The current president is His Excellency Michael D. Higgins, who was elected on 29 October 2011. His inauguration was held on 11 November 2011.", "Professor of Law and 1993-97 Pro-chancellor of University of Belfast, the first person from Northern Ireland to be elected President of Ireland. During the 1997-elections 5 candidates were female and there was only one token male candidates finishing a distant last. 2004 she was returned unopposed for a second term. (b. 1951-).", "She is widely regarded as a transformative figure for Ireland, and for the Irish presidency, revitalising and liberalising a previously conservative, low-profile political office. She resigned the presidency two months ahead of the end of her term of office to take up her post in the United Nations. During her UN tenure, she visited Tibet (1998), the first High Commissioner to do so; she criticised Ireland's immigrant policy; and criticised the use of capital punishment in the United States. She extended her intended single four-year term by a year to preside over the World Conference against Racism 2001 in Durban, South Africa; the conference proved controversial, and under continuing pressure from the US, Robinson resigned her post in September 2002.", "The President of Ireland (,) is the head of state of Ireland and the Supreme Commander of the Irish Defence Forces. Unless a candidate runs unopposed, the President is directly elected by the people. The President holds office for seven years, and can be elected for a maximum of two terms. The presidency is largely a ceremonial office, but the President does exercise certain limited powers with absolute discretion. The President's official residence is Áras an Uachtaráin in Dublin. The office was established by the Constitution of Ireland in 1937, and became internationally recognised as head of state in 1949 following the coming into force of the Republic of Ireland Act.", "Media coverage in The Irish Times , The Irish Independent , The Examiner (now renamed the Irish Examiner ), The Star , The Irish Mirror , The Irish Sun, Sunday Tribune , The Sunday Independent, The Sunday Times , The Times , The Daily Telegraph and The Guardian . Also briefing notes issued on various occasions (notably state, official or personal visits by Robinson abroad) supplied by the Irish Department of Foreign Affairs, The Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Buckingham Palace , Áras an Uachtaráin, the Holy See and the press offices of the United Nations (including [54] the text of her Romanes Lecture in November 1997). Some background came via an interview with Mrs. Robinson.", "The International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission congratulated Robinson, saying she \"helped advance recognition of the human rights of LGBT people in her capacity as President of Ireland and as United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. She has been unwavering in her passionate call to end torture, persecution, and discrimination against LGBT people globally.\"", "In 2011, Dana ran for President of the Republic of Ireland. The fact that she held dual citizenship with both the United States and Ireland was held against her. The remainder of the campaign was distracted by the decision by her American sister and niece to make claims against Dana's brother at the same time as the campaign. So the presidency was lost.… Expand", "The International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission congratulated Robinson, saying she \"helped advance recognition of the human rights of LGBT people in her capacity as President of Ireland and as United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. She has been unwavering in her passionate call to end torture, persecution, and discrimination against LGBT people globally.\" [53]", "As an academic, legislator and barrister, Mary Robinson has always sought to use law as an instrument for social change, arguing landmark cases before the European Court of Human Rights as well as in the Irish courts and the European Court in Luxembourg. A committed European, she also served on expert European Community and Irish parliamentary committees. In 1988 Mary Robinson and her husband founded the Irish Centre for European Law at Trinity College, the University of Dublin. Ten years later she was elected Chancellor of the University.", "Robinson is the twenty fourth, and first female, Chancellor of University of Dublin (i.e. Trinity College). She represented the University in the Senate for over twenty years and held the Reid Chair in Law." ]

[ 6.43359375, 6.21875, 5.6484375, 3.146484375, 2.703125, 1.892578125, 0.63427734375, 0.44873046875, 0.2252197265625, -0.43408203125, -0.60595703125, -0.7646484375, -1.23828125, -1.322265625, -1.5830078125, -1.662109375, -1.8466796875, -1.8681640625, -1.921875, -2.052734375, -2.39453125, -2.513671875, -3.697265625, -3.80859375, -4.21484375, -4.29296875, -4.42578125, -4.97265625, -5, -5.01953125, -5.6171875, -7.1484375 ]

[ "Thank you for contacting me through All Experts.  You are correct that Barry started off with his two Beagles, Bagel and Biscuit.  He got Bagel in the early 1970's, and Biscuit came along in the late seventies I believe.  Bagel did have a litter or two of puppies, and I remember Barry giving one of the puppies to Marie Osmond for her 18th Birthday many years ago on the Donny and Marie Show.  It is also my understanding that Biscuit was Bagel's Granddaughter.  The information I have is that both Bagel and Biscuit passed away in the late 80's or early 90's, and that's when he got the first two Labrador Retrievers.  However, I do not know their names or how old they were.  I also do not know the names of Barry's current labs or how old they are.  Barry mentions that he has a couple of labs in interviews from time to time, but he has not revealed their names publicly.", "Barry Manilow loved his Beagle s. He got “Bagel” in the early 1970’s, and featured her on several album covers, including the one you see at the left. Bagel had one or two litters, and out of her progeny, Manilow kept “Biscuit,” Bagel’s granddaughter. We suppose show business is a small world, and that like the dog world, friendships are forged. Enter Marie Osmond. When Marie turned 18 years old, Barry gave one of Bagel’s puppies to her on the Donny and Marie Show. See it happen at the 16:48 mark of the video below:", "Is there something about Barry Manilow that you want to know? Wondering if there really was a Mandy? Who shot who at the Copacabana? Forget about the Internet or even Manilow's official fan club. The source for everything Manilow lives in Macomb County and her name is Rosie Cowan. Cowan, of Sterling Heights, is vice president of the Beagle-Bagels, the oldest Manilow fan club. The club, which will celebrate its 31st anniversary March 7, 2008, was named after Manilow's pet beagle, named Bagel. Cowan has created and stores the fan club's 29 large scrapbooks filed with song lyrics, poems, newspaper clippings and a lot of Manilow photos. She has even used the phrase \"Mani-hi\" to greet people. Still, Cowan doesn't like to be called a \"Fanilow.\" \"I'd rather we be called his friends,\" Cowan said.", "Beagle Bagels started from out of Steph's grandparents' home in Detroit , MI after the airing of the First Barry Manilow Special.", "The Doberman Pinscher or Dobermann, or Doberman, is a medium-large breed of domestic dog originally developed around 1890.  The Doberman is a mixture of breeds that include the Great Dane, the Greyhound, the German Shorthaired Pointer and the Rottweiler.  Doberman Pinschers as dogs of medium-large size with a square build and short coat.  The male generally weighs between 40–45 kilograms (88–99 lb) and the female between 32–35 kilograms (71–77 lb).  Although they are considered to be working dogs, they are often stereotyped as being ferocious and aggressive.  They can easily learn to ‘Respect and Protect’ their owners, and are therefore considered to be excellent guard dogs that protect their loved ones. They are generally sociable toward humans and can be with other dogs.", "The Beagle-Bagels attend a local taping in the audience of local talk show, \"Kelly & Company\". Later that day, the Beagle Bagels attended Barry's concert at Crisler Arena in Ann Arbor, MI, where another meeting with Barry took place.", "The Great Dane is a breed of domestic dog (canis lupus familiaris) known for its giant size and gentle personality. The breed is commonly referred to as the \"Gentle giant\" and the \"Apollo of all breeds\". Great Danes are considered the tallest dog breed along with the Irish Wolfhound. However, more recently have great danes been in the Guinness World Records for tallest dog. The Great Dane is the state dog of Pennsylvania.", "The Eurasier, sometimes referred to as Eurasian, is a breed of dog of spitz type that originated in Germany. It is widely known as a wonderful companion that maintains its own personality, has a dignified reserve to strangers, a strong bond to its family and that is relatively ea...", "President George H. W. Bush was the proud owner of Millie, an English springer spaniel . Millie holds the honor of being the first presidential pet to scribe a book. The nonfiction bestseller was titled “Millie’s Book: As Dictated to Barbara Bush,” and the book described a day in the presidential life from Millie’s canine point of view. Portrayals of Millie were featured in such television shows as “The Simpsons,” “Murphy Brown” and “Who’s the Boss.” President Bush’s favorite first pet companion was Ranger, one of Millie’s puppies.", "Now, here’s a breed that needs no introduction! As everyone knows, the Dalmatian was popularised in the 1955 animated Disney movie, Lady and the Tramp, and will forever be associated with the actress Glenn Close after she played the wicked Cruella de Vil in the remake. Do you remember her coat? Yes, it was covered in black spots and made from the skins of poor little Dalmatian puppies! She was such an evil character – probably the most evil character in the history of the cinema. Fortunately, in real life, the Dalmation is a much-loved breed that has been around for a lot longer than fifty years or so: indeed, it is one of the oldest breeds of dog on Earth.", "The number-one breed of the 1940s, the Cocker Spaniel, enjoyed a renaissance in the 1980s, climbing to the number-one position. The breed was the most popular dog in the nation from 19830-1990, giving it the distinction of holding the number-one spot for more years than any other breed: 23. After two decades as the country’s number-one breed, the Poodle slipped into the number-two position and would continue falling in subsequent decades. The Labrador Retriever bettered its number-nine position in the 1970s by leaping to the number-three spot in the 1980s, and the Golden Retriever breaks into the top ten for the first time at number five.", "Over the past decade the Mastiff has become a popular breed to have. Their temperament, history, and appearance make them a desirable dog to own. The Mastiff has even been able to charm those who are famous. Famous people in the film industry that own a Mastiff have included Marlon Brando, Kirstie Alley, Gayle King, George C. Scott, and Michael Bay. Famous musicians who have owned Mastiffs include Flea, Bob Dylan, Jon Bon Jovi, and Christina Aguilera. Notable historical figures who have owned Mastiffs include Hannibal, Kublai Khan, and Alexander the Great.", "Barney Bush (birth name Bernard Bush; September 30, 2000 – February 1, 2013) was a Scottish Terrier owned by former U.S. President George W. Bush and former First Lady Laura Bush. Barney had his own official web page which redirected to an extension of the White House website. Barney was born in New Jersey and he was often referred to as the \"First Dog\".", "The suggestion that Scott English wrote the song about a favorite dog is apparently an urban legend . English has said that a reporter called him early one morning asking who \"Brandy\" was, and an irritated English made up the dog story to get the reporter off his back. [2] In a 2013 interview, he said the idea for the song title came from the off-colour expression \"Brandy goes down fine after dinner, doesn't she\". He said he hated the Manilow version because he took out part of a verse and made it a bridge, but he later loved it because it bought him houses. The song was inspired by his life, he said, the face in the window being his father. [3]", "      Well known owners of the breed are President John F. Kennedy, who’s Doberman was named Moe. Actor William Shatner has owned a handful of Doberman Pinschers over time, their names were Kirk, Morgan, China, Heidi, Paris, Royale, Martika, Sterling, Charity, Bella and Starbuck. Even Mariah Carey flaunted her Doberman, Princess, in her “All I Want For Christmas is You” video.", "Laddie Boy was an airedale terrier born on July 26, 1920 owned by US President Warren G. Harding, his loyal pet dog, he had his onw carved chair to sit during cabinet meetings, having his own dog party inviting the neighborhood dogs and served them with dog biscuits. According to the White House staffs, Laddie Boy kept howling three days before Harding’s death. This could be strange but it is a true fact, that our pets can see the coming omen.", "The Chinese Shar-Pei, is a breed of dog known for its distinctive features of deep wrinkles and a blue-black tongue. The breed comes from China. The name (沙皮, pinyin: shā pí; English name probably derived from British spelling of the Cantonese equivalent, sā pèih) translates to \"sand skin\" and refers to the texture of its short, rough coat. As puppies, Shar Pei have numerous wrinkles, but as they mature, these wrinkles loosen and spread out as they \"grow into their skin\". Shar Pei were named in 1978 as one of the world's rarest dog breeds by TIME magazine and the Guinness World Records. It is one of the ancient dog breeds, but the American Kennel Club did not recognize the breed until 1992. ", "The saluki is the oldest known breed of domesticated dog. Carvings of animals resembling the saluki have been found in excavations of the Sumerian ", "Beagle Bagels celebrate their 5th anniversary March 2, 1982, with a special surprise: Barry wires 5 dozen red roses along with a large magnum of \"Moet & Chandon\" champagne. The card enclosed said: \"Happy Anniversary - Love Barry\"", "Buddy a male Labrador Retriever, chocolate colored, born on September 1997 owned by Bill Clinton. Buddy died on January 2, 2002, killed by a car while chasing a contractor in a playful mood. The Clinton’s are out of town when the accident occurred. Then Clinton acquired another chocolate colored Labrador and named him Seamus.", "Buddy (August 7, 1997 – January 2, 2002), a male chocolate-colored Labrador Retriever, was one of two pets kept by the Clinton family while Bill Clinton was President of the United States. The Clintons' other pet was a cat named Socks.", "* The corn dog, pogo, dagwood dog, pluto pup or corny dog is a hot dog coated in cornbread batter and deep fried in hot oil, although some are baked. Almost all corn dogs are served on wooden sticks, though some early versions were stickless. Although a contending topic as numerous claims of the origins of the corn dog have surfaced, the invention of the corn dog is widely, yet not universally accredited to Neil Fletcher who first sold them at the Texas State Fair in 1942.[354]", "Max was chosen ahead of the Basset Griffon Vendeen (grand) owned and handled by BBC Crufts presenter Jessica Holm. However Jessica's dog Ch Holmchappell Petite Priere did win Best of Bread.", "19. Marilyn owned many dogs during her life; her last was a Maltese terrier given to her by Frank Sinatra, which she named Maf (short for Mafia Honey). At the Christie’s sale in 1999, two Polaroids of Maf sold for £220,000. ", "Barney's mother, Coors, was owned by former Environmental Protection Agency Director and former New Jersey Governor Christine Todd Whitman. The dog's father is known as Kelly. Miss Beazley, the Bushes' other Scottish terrier, is Barney's niece through his half-brother, Clinton.", "Q: I recently watched Jim Carrey's live-action version of \"How the Grinch Stole Christmas,\" and I was wondering about the breed of the dog who played Max.", "Q: I recently watched Jim Carrey's live-action version of \"How the Grinch Stole Christmas,\" and I was wondering about the breed of the dog who played Max. | TV Tabloid", "Said to be the most popular \"First Dog\" in history was Barbara Bush's dog. What was its name & breed?", "Terry's owner and trainer was a man named Carl Spitz. He ran the Hollywood Dog Training School. Spitz adopted Terry in 1933, when she was just a year old. He had no plans for Terry to become a movie star. Her original owner had left Terry to be trained, but then never returned to pick her up.", "All Dogs Go to Heaven is a 1989 animated musical action-adventure film directed and Produced By Don Bluth and released by United Artists & Goldcrest Films. The film tells the story of two dogs, Charlie B. Barkin (voiced by Burt Reynolds) and his loyal best friend Itchy Itchiford (voiced by Dom DeLuise). Charlie is murdered, but he forsakes his place in Heaven to return to earth where he and Itchy team up with a young orphan girl, Anne-Marie (voiced by Judith Barsi in her final role) who teaches them an important lesson about honesty, loyalty, and love... Read more at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Dogs_Go_to_Heaven", "Name the dog belonging to the Grinch in the book and movie \"How the Grinch Stole Christmas\"", "Date of Birth: August 8, 1930 Who is the white dog that is featured with Betty Boop?" ]

[ 1.79296875, -0.0634765625, -0.63232421875, -1.2275390625, -2.333984375, -2.734375, -2.818359375, -3.01171875, -3.06640625, -3.076171875, -3.09765625, -3.150390625, -3.244140625, -3.650390625, -3.828125, -4.05859375, -4.359375, -4.62890625, -4.640625, -4.65625, -4.83984375, -4.94140625, -5.19921875, -5.953125, -6.00390625, -7.61328125, -7.71484375, -8.25, -9.046875, -9.1328125, -9.359375, -9.40625 ]

[ "Swashbuckler Douglas Fairbanks and America’s first sweetheart Mary Pickford were Hollywood’s first It couple when they fell and love and married. They later divorced but not before being half of the team of the founders behind United Artists Studios. The studio was co-founded with silent comedian Charlie Chaplin and director D.W. Griffith because the four of them had gotten so popular and successful that no one could pay their salaries. Fairbanks’ son through another marriage, Douglas Fairbanks Jr., was a gifted and athletic actor also suited for action films and starred in Gunga Din and Sinbad the Sailor. He later married screen star Joan Crawford (at the tender age of 20) which might have continued this dynasty into a three-generation machine except for the fact that within a year Crawford caught the eye of Clark Gable and left Douglas Jr. Douglas had three daughters with his second wife, none of whom had any imdb credits.", "Douglas Fairbanks (1883-1939) was an American actor who was famous for his swashbuckling roles in silent films such as The Mask of Zorro (1920) and The Three Musketeers (1921). In 1920 he married actress Mary Pickford in what was Hollywood's first celebrity marriage. The couple quickly attained the satus of \"Hollywood royalty\" and were famous for entertaining at their Beverley Hills mansion: the Wodehouses met them when PGW was working in Hollywood in 1931; in a letter to Bill Townend, Wodehouse mentioned dining with them.", "Fairbanks Jr married actress Joan Crawford in 1929 when he was only 19 and Crawford several years older. The couple divorced in 1933. In April 1939, Fairbanks married Mary Lee Hartford a former wife of Huntington Hartford, the Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company heir. They remained together until her death in 1988, and had three daugters: Daphne, Victoria and Melissa. On May 30, 1991, Fairbanks Jr married Vera Lee Shelton.", "Douglas Fairbanks (May 23, 1883 – December 12, 1939) was an American actor, screenwriter, director and producer. He was best known for his swashbuckling roles in silent films such as The Thief of B...", "* Actor/producer Douglas Fairbanks married actress Mary Pickford; father of actor Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. who was the first husband of actress, Joan Crawford", "Joan Crawford (actress) -- Dead. Cancer. Died May 10, 1977. Born March 23, 1908. Almost more famous for being the \"Mommie Dearest\" than for her acting, won an Oscar for Mildred Pierce, first wife of Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. .   IMDb", "Around this time, Crawford met Douglas Fairbanks Jr. They married in 1929, but weren't compatible, and divorced after only a few years in 1933. There were runours that she had had an affair with Clark Gable. She starred in her first film with sound in 1929. It was called 'Untamed'.", "Douglas Fairbanks Jr, who has died aged 90, carried his father's name proudly, though he had to overcome paternal neglect and the comparison with one of Hollywood's legendary stars. Although an attractive and competent actor, he was also runner-up to similar dashing, well-spoken, romantic leads such as Errol Flynn, an exact contemporary, and Ronald Colman. Nevertheless, he managed to carve out a satisfactory career for himself in the movies, and become a prominent personality in other fields.", "Crawford shot to stardom on the strength of 1928's Our Dancing Daughters, starring in a jazz-baby role originally slated for Clara Bow; the film was hugely successful, and MGM soon doubled her salary and began featuring her name on marquees. Unlike so many stars of the period, she successfully made the transformation from the silents to the sound era; in fact, the 1929 silent Our Modern Maidens, in which she teamed with real-life fiance Douglas Fairbanks Jr., was so popular -- even with audiences pining for more talkies -- that the studio did not push her into speaking parts. Finally, with Hollywood Revue of 1929, Crawford began regularly singing and dancing onscreen, and scored at the box office as another flapper in 1930's Our Blushing Brides. However, she yearned to play the kinds of substantial roles associated with Greta Garbo and Norma Shearer , and actively pursued the lead in the Tod Browning crime drama Paid; the picture was another hit, and soon similar projects were lined up.", "Actress Joan Crawford (born Lucille LeSueur) died at the age 72. She had begun her career as a dancer and after a number of roles (including Grand Hotel (1932) ) soon became known as one of Hollywood's greatest stars. Although she was labeled as \"box-office poison,\" by the 40s, she made a comeback in Warners' film noir Mildred Pierce (1945) and won the Best Actress Oscar. Other memorable films included Johnny Guitar (1954), What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (1962) , and her last major film was the science-fiction horror film Trog (1970). She was famously portrayed by Faye Dunaway in Mommie Dearest (1981).", "Crawford hated Harlow. \"Joan was quite jealous\", reveals journalist Dorothy Manners, who had known Crawford since her arrival in Hollywood eights years earlier. \"She'd been the sexpot of the MGM lot for years and then they brought in the Baby.\" Decades later, Crawford would call Harlow \"one of Metro's real biggies, but a tragic person you can't imagine,\" but at the time she had no sympathy whatsoever. Crawford's then husband, Douglas Fairbanks Jr., termed her attitude towards Harlow a \"controlled detestation.\"", "As a youngster, Fairbanks was rather plump and shy, which didn't really endear him to his father. In 1919 his parents divorced. Fairbanks fought his way up the Hollywood tree in big parts and occasionally by writing scripts. He used whatever money he was paid to support himself and his mother, who had invested her $500,000 divorce settlement unwisely. In 1929, he married Joan Crawford. Some believed that Joan married Fairbanks more for social cachet than for love. Certainly his mother disapproved calling Crawford 'a strange, moody girl, over-flamboyant in her dress, and alternating between gushing enthusiasm and gauche aloofness.' Fairbanks' stepmother Mary Pickford was also not impressed by her new stepdaughter-in-law. The marriage was brief (they got divorced in 1939), but reasonably happy while it lasted. Fairbanks always spoke favorably of Crawford in later years.", "Dinners at Pickfair included a number of notable guests. Charlie Chaplin, Fairbanks' best friend, was often present. Other guests included George Bernard Shaw, Albert Einstein, Elinor Glyn, Helen Keller, H. G. Wells, Lord Mountbatten, Fritz Kreisler, Amelia Earhart, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Noël Coward, Max Reinhardt, Baron Nishi, Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Austen Chamberlain, Sir Harry Lauder, and Meher Baba, among others. The public nature of Pickford's second marriage strained it to the breaking point. Both she and Fairbanks had little time off from producing and acting in their films. They were also constantly on display as America's unofficial ambassadors to the world, leading parades, cutting ribbons, and making speeches. When their film careers both began to flounder at the end of the silent era, Fairbanks' restless nature prompted him to overseas travel (something which Pickford did not enjoy). When Fairbanks' romance with Sylvia, Lady Ashley became public in the early 1930s, he and Pickford separated. They divorced January 10, 1936. Fairbanks' son by his first wife, Douglas Fairbanks Jr., claimed his father and Pickford long regretted their inability to reconcile.", "Pickford became secretly involved in a relationship with Douglas Fairbanks. They toured the US together in 1918 to promote Liberty Bond sales for the World War I effort. Around this time, Pickford also suffered from the flu during the 1918 flu pandemic, but survived. Pickford divorced Moore on March 2, 1920, after she agreed to his $100,000 demand for a settlement. She married Fairbanks just days later on March 28, 1920. They went to Europe for their honeymoon; fans in London and in Paris caused riots trying to get to the famous couple. The couple's triumphant return to Hollywood was witnessed by vast crowds who turned out to hail them at railway stations across the United States.", "When his arthritis was affected by the English damp in 1970, Fairbanks reluctantly retired to Florida. Following the death of Mary Lee, he married Vera Shelton in 1991. Finally, he died at the age of 90 of a heart attack, at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York. He was buried next to his father.", "The couple arrived in New York Thursday and plan to leave for California next Tuesday. They will take up their separate motion-picture careers in different studios. Mrs. Fairbanks will keep her name of Joan Crawford on the screen. She has three more pictures to make thus year and Mr. Fairbanks has four. After these are finished, it was explained, they intend to come east and then sail for Europe on a honeymoon.", "Pickford and Fairbanks had little time off from producing and acting in their films. They were also constantly on display as America’s unofficial ambassadors to the world, leading parades, cutting ribbons, and making speeches. The intense public nature of their marriage began to strain it to the breaking point. When their film careers both began to founder at the end of the silent era Fairbanks restless nature prompted him to overseas travel, something which Pickford did not enjoy. When Fairbanks’ affair with Sylvia, Lady Ashley became public in the early 1930s he and Pickford separated. They divorced January 10, 1936.", "Gable’s post-war films were mostly routine, but he remained a star. In 1949 he married Lady Sylvia Ashley, Douglas Fairbanks Sr.’s widow, divorcing her in 1952. In 1953 he reprised his role in Red Dust in John Ford’s remake, Mogambo opposite Ava Gardner. In 1955 he married actress Kay Williams.", "In May 1933, Crawford divorced Fairbanks. Crawford cited \"grievous mental cruelty\"; \"a jealous and suspicious attitude\" toward her friends and \"loud arguments about the most trivial subjects\" lasting \"far into the night\".", "In late 1918, Sully was granted a divorce from Fairbanks, the judgment being finalized in early 1919. After the divorce, Fairbanks was determined to have Pickford become his wife, but she was still married to actor Owen Moore. He finally gave her an ultimatum. She then obtained a fast divorce in the small Nevada town of Minden on March 2, 1920. Fairbanks leased the Beverly Hills mansion Grayhall and was rumored to have used it during his courtship of Pickford. The couple married on March 28, 1920. Pickford's divorce from Moore was contested by Nevada legislators, however, and the dispute was not settled until 1922. Even though the lawmakers objected to the marriage, the public went wild over the idea of \"Everybody's Hero\" marrying \"America's Sweetheart.\" They were greeted by large crowds in London and Paris during their European honeymoon, becoming Hollywood's first celebrity couple. During the years they were married, Fairbanks and Pickford were regarded as \"Hollywood Royalty,\" famous for entertaining at their Beverly Hills estate, Pickfair.", "It would be fourth time lucky for Chaplin who, at age 54, appeared to find his soul-mate and contentment in eighteen-year-old Oona O’Neill. The couple met in late 1942 with the newly divorced Chaplin attempting to bolster his waning career. She was suggested by some of Chaplin’s associates for a part in his upcoming film, ‘Shadow and Substance’. Although, he though her too young to play the role, Chaplin signed her up and began giving her acting and speech lessons. A romance soon blossomed with Oona rather than Chaplin promoting the relationship. They married on June 16, 1943 in Santa Barbara, California and Oona soon abandoned her acting career for a family. Over their happy 34-year marriage they had eight children together, including actress Geraldine Chaplin, actor Michael Chaplin, circus performer Victoria Chaplin and composer and actor Christopher Chaplin. Oona outlived Chaplin and died on September 27, 1991 from pancreatic cancer.", "Hetty Kelly was Chaplin's \"true\" first love, a dancer with whom he \"instantly\" fell in love when she was fifteen and almost married when he was nineteen, in 1908. It is said Chaplin fell madly in love with her and asked her to marry him. When she refused, Chaplin suggested it would be best if they did not see each other again; he was reportedly crushed when she agreed. Years later, her memory would remain an obsession with Chaplin. He was devastated in 1921 when he learned that she had died of influenza during the 1918 flu pandemic .", "Though widely considered as one of the biggest stars in Hollywood during the 1910s and 1920s, Fairbanks' career rapidly declined with the advent of the \"talkies\". His final film was The Private Life of Don Juan (1934).", "He had a fondness for young wives. Chaplin was married 4 times. He was 29 and his first wife was 16 when they married. His second marriage was to 16-year-old Lita Grey, when he was 35. His third and possibly fictional marriage to Paulette Goddard, was rumored to have occurred when he was 47 and she was 28. He married his last wife, Oona O'Neill, daughter of playwright Eugene O'Neill, shortly after Oona turned 18. Chaplin was 54.", "Fairbanks and Pickford separated in 1933, after he began an affair with Sylvia, Lady Ashley. They divorced in 1936, with Pickford keeping the Pickfair estate. Within months Fairbanks and Ashley were married in Paris.", "Crawford married her fourth and final husband, Alfred Steele, at the Flamingo Hotel in Las Vegas on May 10, 1955. Crawford and Steele met at a party in 1950 when Steele was an executive at PepsiCo. They renewed their acquaintance at a New Year's Eve party in 1954. Steele by that time had become President of Pepsi Cola. Alfred Steele would later be named Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of Pepsi Cola. She traveled extensively on behalf of Pepsi following the marriage. She estimated that she traveled over 100,000 miles for the company.", "American actress Marilyn Monroe (1926 - 1962) whispers to English actor and director Laurence Olivier (1907 - 1989) during a press conference at the Savoy Hotel, London, 16th July 1956. Monroe is in England to co star with Olivier in the 'The Prince and the Showgirl'. (Photo by Central Press/Hulton Archive/Getty Images)", "Crawford married three times, and he had two sons (Kelly and Kim) from his marriage to actress Kay Griffith.", "Was very close friends with William Haines and his partner Jimmy Shields from very early in her career until Haines' death. An up-and-coming actor, Haines had refused MGM's demand of a sham marriage to divert attention from his long-standing relationship with Shields. Crawford often referred to them as one of the longest, happiest marriages in Hollywood.", "In 1956, Miller divorced his first wife, Mary Slattery, his former college sweetheart with whom he had two children, Jane Ellen and Robert. Less than a month later, Miller married actress and Hollywood sex symbol Marilyn Monroe , whom he'd first met in 1951 at a Hollywood party. At the time, Monroe was dating Elia Kazan , who had directed Miller's All My Sons and Death of a Salesman. When Kazan asked Miller to keep Monroe company while he dated another actress, Miller and Monroe struck up a friendship that turned into a romance.  Author Norman Mailer called their marriage the union of \"the Great American Brain\" and \"the Great American Body.\"", "On June 29 , 1956 , Monroe married playwright Arthur Miller , whom she had first met in 1951, in a civil ceremony. A Jewish ceremony followed two days later (she had converted to Judaism.) After she finished shooting The Prince and the Showgirl , the couple returned to the States from England and discovered she was pregnant . However, she suffered from endometriosis and the pregnancy was found to be ectopic ; it was aborted to save her life. A subsequent pregnancy ended in miscarriage .", "Married three times previously, Cary Grant eloped with Dyan Cannon in 1965. Here he poses with Dyan and their baby, Jennifer, on the deck of the Steamship Canberra in Los Angeles, Oct. 4, 1966, as they return from a trip to Europe. Grant retired from films after making \"Walk, Don't Run\" (1966), and while his marriage to Cannon ended soon after, he devoted himself to his daughter and various business pursuits." ]

[ 3.642578125, 2.052734375, 1.7724609375, 0.5537109375, 0.343017578125, -0.193115234375, -0.62353515625, -0.6767578125, -1.099609375, -1.4697265625, -1.5234375, -1.91796875, -2.158203125, -2.37109375, -2.591796875, -3.052734375, -3.310546875, -3.501953125, -3.970703125, -4.0703125, -4.15234375, -4.17578125, -4.8515625, -5.2421875, -5.2578125, -5.48828125, -5.91796875, -6.23046875, -7.21484375, -7.73046875, -8.0078125, -8.140625 ]

[ "And in the same book he uses the phrase 'peccat superne' in speaking of a woman who will not gratify her lover with this posture. Martial says, 'The Phrygian slaves masturbated themselves behind the door when ever his wife seated herself on the Hectorean horse.' But Ovid recommends this posture to little women, and states that on account of her tall figure Andromache never assumed this attitude with Hector.[1] Arnobius writes coxendicibus sublevatis lumborum crispitudine fluctuare-- to move in swinging motion with upraised thighs and a curling, tremulous movement of the loins. And clunibus fluctuare crispatis--to fluctuate with wriggling buttocks. Afranius, Donatus and Plautus also mention the subject. Aristophanes, in the Wasps, describes the wrath of the woman who, when asked by Xanthias to mount him, demanded of", "The quote is from Othello ( II.i.187-88), spoken by Othello to Desdemona when they are reunited at Cyprus, before their troubles begin.  Clarissa recalls thinking of it during that summer houseparty at Bourton 33 years ago when she was 18 and enamored of Sally Seton (p 35), the same houseparty where she met Richard Dalloway, whom she chose over the more emotional and romantic suitor Peter Walsh.  At Bourton, it was herself she imagined dying happy, not for the love of Peter or Richard, but for lovely Sally Seton, who on the next page kisses her one the lips.  These love relationships of the past�who loves whom, who marries whom, what difference it makes�are the substance of Clarissa�s life, a life that she now fears is meaningless and wasted. ", "Perhaps the first thing to notice about this famous dictum by the orator Demosthenes from the fourth century BC is the obvious one it's written by a man, and it's written in the language of power: `We have'. Not `There are' or `Women are', but `We have'. This, it can be inferred, is what men have done to women, classifying them into particular roles. There is no mention of women outside these roles, of women who exist for some other purpose than that of relating to men. Mistresses are to be enjoyed, concubines are to serve, wives are to bear legitimate offspring. Whether women enjoy any or all of these roles is not mentioned; women's feelings are irrelevant.", "Ovid: 'Let the woman who is distinguished by the length of her side press the bed with her knees, her neck slightly thrown back'; and: 'There are a thousand modes of venery; the simplest and least fatiguing is when [the woman] lies half supine on her right side.' And elsewhere he says: 'She, forsooth, cast round my neck arms white as ivory, fairer than Sithonian snow, mingled milky kisses with a passionate tongue, and upheld my thigh upon her lascivious thigh.' Catullus: 'It is no wonder, Rufas, why no woman wishes her tender thigh to be placed under thee.' Martial has an epigram on Phyllis, who, urged by two lovers each desirous of being the first to enjoy her favours, satisfies them both at the same time; one raising her leg, the other her tunic. Phyllis, lying on her side, throws her leg over the thigh of the gallant who, stretched on the couch facing her, is swiving her; at the same time offering her buttocks to her other lover.", "Wodehouse has taken this quotation straight out of Bartlett. It comes from a poem in which the central conceit is that the poet addresses his love in the terms of a ruler to a subject. Perhaps fitting for a man who is said to have spent his wedding night playing golf.", "48. \"All every woman really wants, be it mother, senator, nun, is some serious deep-dickin'.\" -- Chasing Amy", "Who said, \"The great question...which I have not been able to answer despite my 30 years in research into the feminine soul, is  \"What  does a woman want?", "Civil War Journalist Henry Villard wrote: “Wikoff was of middle age, an accomplished man of the world, a fine linguist, with graceful presence, elegant manners, and a conscious, condescending way — altogether, just such a man as would be looked upon as a superior being by a woman accustomed only to Western society. Wikoff showed the utmost assurance in his appeals to the vanity of the mistress of the White House. I myself heard him compliment her upon her looks and dress in so fulsome a way that she ought to have blushed and banished the impertinent fellow from her presence. She accepted Wikoff as a majordomo general and in special, as a guide in matters of social etiquette, domestic arrangements, and personal requirements, including her toilette, and as always welcome company for visitors in her salon and on her drives.” 63", "He is shown to be a womanizer and has cheated on his wife with many other women. In \" She Used to Be My Girl \", that number was revealed to be twenty-seven different women. His womanizing ways were such that, while giving then-recently hired Bodyguard Homer Simpson a pep talk on serving in a matter befitting the office of the Mayor, he ordered Homer upon seeing a busty redhead walking by to honk his horn, with Homer doing so and Quimby then giving a sex whistle to her (to her shock and disgust), as well as delaying being saved by Homer Simpson to flirt with an intern currently using the restroom from the window (as well as implying that this was how FDR met Eleanor Roosevelt) before being slapped twice.", "As for his pupil Aristotle, the tutor of Alexander the Great, we hear equally controversial views. He teaches that “children should be conceived in winter, when the wind is in the north; that there must be a careful avoidance of indecency, because \"shameful words lead to shameful acts,\" and that obscenity is never to be tolerated except in temples, where the law permits even ribaldry. People should not marry too young, because, if they do, the children will be weak and female, the wives will become wanton, and the husbands stunted in their growth. The right age for marriage is thirty-seven in men, eighteen in women”.", "(Technically, as this is a reply, it should be indented.) The quote is \"The General was essentially a man of peace, except in his domestic life,\" and is said by Lady Bracknell in the third act of The Importance of Being Earnest. I am not sure if Wilde invented this quote or is merely using it.", "“My wife is a woman of mind, And Deville, who examined her bumps, Vow’d that never were found in a woman Such large intellectual lumps. ‘Ideality’ big as an egg, With ‘Causality’—great—was combined; He charg’d me ten shillings, and said, ‘Sir, your wife is a woman of mind.’”", "But Riley is also generous with the quotations of those who were there. George Jean Nathan literally takes the cake, calling Adele “as unconscious as a peach shortcake, as careless about it all as a United States senator’s necktie.” Ah, yes, those ever-present careless senatorial ties. Despite his somewhat compromised position as her suitor, Nathan brings outrageous wit to his furious praise. But one can also feel his passion, and a madcapness matching Adele’s. She is “a dozen Florestan cocktails filtered through silk,” “a figure come out of Degas to a galloping ragtime tune.”", "[quote]And Vivian Leigh was no slouch and having her passionately devoted to him was something he could use", "Also see Horatio Dresser (ed.), The Quimby Manuscripts, New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1921, p. [https://archive.org/stream/quimbymanuscript00quim#page/433/mode/1up 433]; Bates and Dittemore 1932, pp. 233–238; Peel 1971, p. 130. She wrote later: \"We caught some of his thoughts, and he caught some of ours; and both of us were pleased to say this to each other.\" ", "The critic Edmund Miller says that women in general, and Nin in particular, do not understand what men want or prefer in erotic literature. One might respond to this by expressing the hope that Nin was writing for women and not for men, so that this criticism is irrelevant. In fact we know that in writing the stories published as The Delta of Venus and Little Birds Nin was writing for men, or rather for a specific, albeit anonymous, man. In her diary she reports his comments on her writing, including the instruction to \"concentrate on sex.\" (36) The critical question then becomes whether she complied with his request in a way that satisfied him while retaining her unique writing style. Miller doubts she succeeded.", "There was something so strong and manly in Mr Thomas Stevenson, something so sweetly womanly in his wife. A beautiful woman always, because hers was the beauty of soul, as well as of feature, in those early seventies, one cannot imagine anyone more graceful, more gracious, or more charming than she was.", "Mr Russell published Essay on the Character, Manners and Genius of Women in different ages. Enlarged from the French of M. Thomas.", "This was said chiefly for the sake of saying something, but Charlotte directly saw that it was laying her open to suspicion by Lady Denham's giving a shrewd glance at her and replying, \"Yes, yes, he is very well to look at. And it is to be hoped that some lady of large fortune will think so, for Sir Edward must marry for money. He and I often talk that matter over. A handsome young fellow like him will go smirking and smiling about and paying girls compliments, but he knows he must marry for money. And Sir Edward is a very steady young man in the main and has got very good notions.", "[quote]She was what every woman wanted to be and what every man wanted a woman to be.", "One of his precepts was \"to make elegant women more beautiful; to make beautiful women more elegant.\"", "\"I'm too tall to be a girl, I never had enough dresses to be a lady, and I wouldn't call myself a woman. I'm somewhere between a chick and a broad.\"-Julia Roberts", "* (Basil Hallward described) \"Rugged and straightforward as he was, there was something in his nature that was purely feminine in its tenderness.\"", "An interview that Bankhead gave to Motion Picture magazine in 1932 generated controversy. In the interview, Bankhead ranted wildly about the state of her life and her views on love, marriage, and children:", "   \"Bush natural, more hair than wit.\"—Ray's Proverbs—So in \"Two Gentlemen of Verona\" (iii. 1), it is said, \"She hath more hair than wit.\"", "She talks about beauty, self-esteem, posture, fashion, envy, Woody Allen, Monica Lewinsky. She exhorts Anna Marie to do Kegel exercises during boring meetings, and, if possible, to marry for money. Further, she confides, every man has at least one serious flaw, one that, if it were a ribbon, “would wrap all the way around Eastern Europe.”", "He believed that women should \"assume professional privileges\" as would men. Life classes and dissection were segregated but women had access to male models (who were nude but for loincloths).", "\" a woman attractive and rich and young and witty; yet a veiled and silent woman, distinguished by no other genius than the divine genius\"", "He also spoke to ex-girlfriend Terry (Geri Miller), a stripper who announced that she was considering breast implants to help get more customers (\"I know they're too little, especially for dancing topless\"). She also wanted Joe to become more interested in her breasts (\"Joe, you don't seem to like them like you used to. Are you turning gay or something?...Well, if you want it, you got it\").", "[quote]She was at her peak of attractiveness when she died. She was always pretty, but in her 30's she became truly beautiful.", "The view of this modern philosopher seems to be that a woman is in need of marriage only to three ends.", "[quote]She looked plain because she never wore makeup or dressed up. There are earlier pics of her with makeup and she is stunning. She has great bone structure and a nice body." ]

[ -0.958984375, -2.173828125, -3.216796875, -3.5859375, -4.40625, -4.81640625, -5.15625, -5.24609375, -5.2578125, -5.28125, -6.05078125, -6.09765625, -6.2265625, -6.359375, -6.37890625, -6.5390625, -6.6875, -6.734375, -6.75390625, -6.7578125, -7.1171875, -7.1796875, -7.37890625, -8.0546875, -8.1875, -8.3515625, -8.3515625, -8.6171875, -8.65625, -9.296875, -9.453125, -9.984375 ]

[ "On September 23, 1952, then-vice presidential candidate Richard Nixon defended his personal finances in a television address that became famously known as the “Checkers speech” (because Nixon said the only contribution he kept was the dog of that name). Nixon still had the cocker spaniel in 1964, when this photo was taken.", "In his famous “Checkers” speech, Richard Nixon—then a senator from California and Dwight Eisenhower’s troubled running mate in the 1952 presidential election—downplayed his connection to a cabal of extremely wealthy donors. He portrayed himself as a middle-class guy whose wife wore “a respectable Republican cloth coat” and whose primary gift from his supporters was a cocker spaniel puppy named Checkers.", "1952 - Richard Nixon gave his \"Checkers Speech\". At the time he was a candidate for U.S. vice-president.", "4. Richard M. Nixon: As running ate to Dwight D. Eisenhower, the future Vice President addresses the TV audience with his \"Checkers Speech\". - September 23, 1952", "The most famous of the presidential dogs belonged to vice President Richard Nixon. Checkers was the beloved black and white cocker spaniel that was mentioned in one of Nixon’s famous televised campaign speeches on September 23, 1952 in an attempt to gain voter support for the election ticket of presidential candidate Dwight D. Eisenhower. The tactic was a success. Eisenhower became the president with Nixon serving as the vice-president, and September 23 became designated National Dogs in Politics Day, or Checkers Day.", "Dwight D. Eisenhower, Republican candidate for President in 1952, chose Nixon as his running mate. During the campaign, Nixon was accused of using political contributions for personal purposes, but his televised \"Checkers\" speech convinced Eisenhower and most citizens of his innocence. Inaugurated to the first of two terms as Vice President at the age of 40, Nixon was the second youngest man ever to hold the office.", "During the Presidential campaign of 1952, Pat Nixon's attitude toward politics changed when her husband was accused of accepting illegal campaign contributions. Pat encouraged him to fight the charges, and he did so by delivering the famed \"Checkers speech\", so-called for the family's dog, a Cocker Spaniel given to them by a political supporter. This was Pat's first national television appearance, and she, her daughters, and the dog were featured prominently. Defending himself as a man of the people, Nixon stressed his wife's abilities as a stenographer, then said, \"I should say this, that Pat doesn't have a mink coat. But she does have a respectable Republican cloth coat, and I always tell her she would look good in anything.\" ", "In his 1952 Checkers speech, Richard Nixon was one of the first politicians to use the medium of television to defend himself against accusations of wrong-doing.", "The Republican campaign went smoothly until Nixon faced a campaign finance dispute. The vice presidential candidate was under pressure to withdraw. That led to Nixon's famous \"Checkers\" speech. He made the speech on national television on September twenty-third nineteen fifty-two. In it, he denied any wrongdoing. He defended his actions regarding the disputed funds -- and his decision to keep a special gift from a political supporter.", "In mid-September, the Republican ticket faced a major crisis. The media reported that Nixon had a political fund, maintained by his backers, which reimbursed him for political expenses. Such a fund was not illegal, but it exposed Nixon to allegations of possible conflict of interest. With pressure building for Eisenhower to demand Nixon's resignation from the ticket, the senator went on television to deliver an address to the nation on September 23, 1952. The address, later termed the Checkers speech, was heard by about 60 million Americans—including the largest television audience up to that point. Nixon emotionally defended himself, stating that the fund was not secret, nor had donors received special favors. He painted himself as a man of modest means (his wife had no mink coat; instead she wore a \"respectable Republican cloth coat\") and a patriot. The speech would be remembered for the gift which Nixon had received, but which he would not give back: \"a little cocker spaniel dog … sent all the way from Texas. And our little girl—Tricia, the 6-year-old—named it Checkers.\" The speech was a masterpiece and prompted a huge public outpouring of support for Nixon. Eisenhower decided to retain him on the ticket, which proved victorious in the November election.", "NARRATOR: Nixon secluded himself in Los Angeles and prepared to use the young medium of television as it had never been used before. He would bypass the press, bypass even Eisenhower and plead his case directly to the American people. This primetime broadcast would come to be known as the \"Checkers\" speech and widen the gap between Nixon's admirers and his detractors. To some, he seemed humble, honest, sincere; to others, self-righteous and shamelessly manipulative.", "Nixon appeared on television on September 23, 1952, to defend himself against the allegations. He detailed his personal finances and mentioned the independent third-party review of the fund's accounting.[31] While it was the first time that a national politician released his tax returns, the speech became better known for its rhetoric, such as when he remarked that his wife Pat did not wear mink, but rather \"a respectable Republican cloth coat,\" and that, although he had been given an American Cocker Spaniel named Checkers in addition to his other campaign contributions, he was not going to give the dog back because his daughters loved it.[31] Now known as the \"Checkers speech,\" it resulted in much support from the base of the Republican Party and from the general public,[34] and greatly aided Nixon in remaining on the ticket.[31] In the 1952 presidential elections, Eisenhower and Nixon defeated Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson and Alabama Senator John Sparkman by seven million votes.[31]", "Nixon celebrated the anniversary of the speech each year. [80] The future President disliked the fact that the address soon became popularly known as the \"Checkers speech.\" In his 1962 book, Six Crises (the Fund crisis being one of the six), he would object to the term, \"as though the mention of my dog was the only thing that saved my political career.\" [85] Nixon preferred to call the address \"the Fund speech,\" [22] and made it required reading for his speechwriters. [84] As time passed, the Checkers speech became denigrated, and Nixon biographer Earl Mazo suggested that much of the attitude of \"I don't like Nixon, but I don't know why,\" which contributed to the failure of his 1960 presidential run, can be traced to the Checkers speech. [86] Other commentators suggested that had he not made the Checkers speech, Nixon might have won in 1960. Nixon retorted that without the Checkers speech, he would not have been around to run in 1960. [86]", "Nixon celebrated the anniversary of the speech each year. The future president disliked the fact that the address soon became popularly known as the \"Checkers speech.\" In his 1962 book, Six Crises (the Fund crisis being one of the six), he would object to the term, \"as though the mention of my dog was the only thing that saved my political career.\" Nixon preferred to call the address \"the Fund speech,\" and made it required reading for his speechwriters. As time passed, the Checkers speech became denigrated, and Nixon biographer Earl Mazo suggested that much of the attitude of \"I don't like Nixon, but I don't know why,\" which contributed to the failure of his 1960 presidential run, can be traced to the Checkers speech. Other commentators suggested that had he not made the Checkers speech, Nixon might have won in 1960. Nixon retorted that without the Checkers speech, he would not have been around to run in 1960.", "This home movie shows General Dwight D. Eisenhower giving a speech at the Tampa Stadium in 1952.  He is seen shaking hands and riding in a convertible.  The film continues with Adlai Stevenson in downtown Tampa, shaking hands and later talking to George Smathers.  The 1956 segment shows Estes Kefauver.  He and Stevenson meet and shake hands.", "Checkers: Cocker Spaniel (Checkers died while Nixon was vice-president, before becoming president, but had played a major role in his electoral career with the “ Checkers speech “)", "Speech made by Richard Nixon on national television on September 23, 1952, where he defended himself against charges that rich supporters had set up a special expense account for his use; by the speech Nixon saved his spot on the 1952 Republican ticket (he was running for vice president, with Eisenhower running for president) and saved his political career.", "The increasingly unpopular war in Korea dragged on, and the Truman administration was beset with a series of corruption scandals. He eventually decided not to run for re-election. Adlai Stevenson, the Democratic candidate in the 1952 presidential election, attempted to distance himself from the President as much as possible. The election was won by the Republican candidate, General of the Army Dwight D. Eisenhower, whose administration ramped up the pressure on the Chinese in Korea with conventional bombing and renewed threats of using nuclear weapons. Coupled with a more favorable international political climate in the wake of the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953, this led the Chinese and North Koreans to agree to terms. The belief that the threat of nuclear weapons played an important part in the outcome would lead to their threatened use against China on a number of occasions during the 1950s.", "Nixon's fund may have been unseemly—it was actually used to keep him on the campaign trail, not living \"in style\"—but it was not illegal. The candidate defended it in a nationally televised address whose emotional high point—a promise made to his little daughter Tricia never to return one campaign gift, a cocker spaniel puppy named Checkers—made it forever known as the \"Checkers Speech.\" Public response to the speech was overwhelmingly positive. A political star was reborn. Ike and Dick won the 1952 election in a landslide.", "The United States presidential election of 1952 was the 42nd quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 4, 1952. Republican Dwight Eisenhower was the landslide winner, ending a string of Democratic wins that stretched back to 1932. He carried the Republican Party (GOP) to narrow control of the House and Senate. During this time, Cold War tension between the United States and the Soviet Union was at a high level, as was fear of communism in the US, epitomized by the campaign of McCarthyism. Foreign policy was a main issue in the race for the Republican nomination. The nation was polarized over the stalemated Korean War, and the extent of corruption in the federal government became a major issue as well. The economy was prosperous, and thus economic and social issues played little role in the campaign.", "Address to a joint session of Congress, Washington, D.C. (January 17, 1952); reported in Winston S. Churchill: His Complete Speeches, 1897–1963, ed. Robert Rhodes James (1974), vol. 8, p. 8326.", "MacArthur received public adulation, which aroused expectations that he would run for president, but he was not a candidate. MacArthur carried out a speaking tour in 1951–52 attacking the Truman administration for \"appeasement in Asia\" and for mismanaging the economy. Initially attracting large crowds, by early 1952 MacArthur's speeches were attracting smaller and smaller numbers of people as many complained that MacArthur seemed more interested in settling scores with Truman and praising himself than in offering up a constructive vision for the nation. MacArthur felt uncomfortable campaigning for the Republican nomination, and hoped that at the Republican convention, a deadlock would ensue between Senator Robert Taft and General Eisenhower, which would end with the GOP nominating him as the best compromise. MacArthur's unwillingness to campaign for the presidency seriously hurt his ability to win the nomination. In the end, MacArthur endorsed Senator Robert A. Taft, and was keynote speaker at the 1952 Republican National Convention. Taft lost the nomination to Eisenhower, who went on to win the 1952 election by a landslide. Once elected, Eisenhower consulted with MacArthur about ending the war in Korea.", "During the 1952 presidential election, the Eisenhower campaign toured Wisconsin with McCarthy. In a speech delivered in Green Bay, Eisenhower declared that while he agreed with McCarthy's goals, he disagreed with his methods. In draft versions of his speech, Eisenhower had also included a strong defense of his mentor, George Marshall, which was a direct rebuke of McCarthy's frequent attacks. However, under the advice of conservative colleagues who were fearful that Eisenhower could lose Wisconsin if he alienated McCarthy supporters, he deleted this defense from later versions of his speech. [22] [23] The deletion was discovered by William H. Laurence, a reporter for The New York Times, and featured on their front page the next day. Eisenhower was widely criticized for giving up his personal convictions, and the incident became the low point of his campaign. [22]", "During the 1952 Presidential election , the Eisenhower campaign toured Wisconsin with McCarthy. In a speech delivered in Green Bay , Eisenhower declared that while he agreed with McCarthy's goals, he disagreed with his methods. In draft versions of his speech, Eisenhower had also included a strong defense of his mentor, George Marshall, which was a direct rebuke of McCarthy's frequent attacks. However, under the advice of conservative colleagues who were fearful that Eisenhower could lose Wisconsin if he alienated McCarthy supporters, he deleted this defense from later versions of his speech. [52] [53] The deletion was discovered by a reporter for The New York Times and featured on their front page the next day. Eisenhower was widely criticized for giving up his personal convictions, and the incident became the low point of his campaign. [52]", "\"President John F. Kennedy Space Speech 1962.\" YouTube. YouTube, 17 July 2007. Web. 28 Sept. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oQOu0IAdgaA>. This is a video of President Kennedy’s speech in which he declared that America “chooses to go to the moon.” His dedication towards the expansion of the space program is a major reason why the United States won the Space Race.", "– John F Kennedy, 35th President of the United States, from a speech delivered to the American Newspaper Publishers Association on April 27, 1961 and  known as the “Secret Society” speech (click here for full transcript and audio) .", "Defining moments in 1960s television – The Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. gives his \"I Have a Dream\" speech to a crowd in Washington during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, also known as the Freedom March , on August 28, 1963. The speech is considered one of the most important in American history, and it helped rally support for the Civil Rights Act of 1964.", "On November 27, 1962, Dr. King gave a speech at Booker T. Washington High School in Rocky Mount, North Carolina. That speech was longer than the version which he would eventually deliver from the Lincoln Memorial. And while parts of the text had been moved around, large portions were identical, including the \"I have a dream\" refrain. After being rediscovered, the restored and digitized recording of the 1962 speech was presented to the public by the English department of North Carolina State University.", "When Did Martin Luther King Jr. Give His Famous \"I Have A Dream\" Speech? | eNotes", "The original, typewritten copy of the speech, including King's handwritten notes on it, was discovered in 1984 to be in the hands of George Raveling, the first African-American basketball coach of the University of Iowa. In 1963, Raveling, then 26, was standing near the podium, and immediately after the oration, impulsively asked King if he could have his copy of the speech. He got it.", "(Mr. Walker is Secretary of \"The American Checker Federation.\" Reprinted from \"Checkers Magazine\" June 1988 issue-Charles C. Walker, Editor.) Part Two", "George H.W. Bush August 18, 1988 \"A Kindler and Gentler Nation\" acceptance speech at Republican Convention" ]

[ 5.83984375, 5.6484375, 5.015625, 4.578125, 4.4453125, 3.587890625, 3.10546875, 3.078125, 2.59765625, 2.30078125, 1.7265625, 1.69140625, 1.4404296875, 1.2890625, -0.5302734375, -0.66455078125, -0.67724609375, -0.81005859375, -0.845703125, -0.9404296875, -1.2412109375, -1.484375, -1.7314453125, -1.96484375, -3.896484375, -5.27734375, -6.48046875, -6.765625, -7.31640625, -7.375, -7.81640625, -8.1171875 ]

[ "Mr.Lal Bahadur Shastri succeeded the 1st / first Prime Minister of India Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and was succeeded by Mrs.Indira Gandhi.", "Shastri died in Tashkent, at 02:00 on the day after signing the Tashkent Declaration, reportedly due to a heart attack, but people allege conspiracy behind the death. He was the first Prime Minister of India to die overseas. He was eulogised as a national hero and the Vijay Ghat memorial established in his memory. Upon his death, Gulzarilal Nanda once again assumed the role of Acting Prime Minister until the Congress Parliamentary Party elected Indira Gandhi over Morarji Desai to officially succeed Shastri. ", "1966/--/-- 18 - Indian prime minister Lal Bahadur Shastri dies; he is succeeded by Indira Gandhi.", "Shastri was criticized for failing to deal effectively with India’s economic problems, but he won great popularity for his firmness on the outbreak of hostilities with neighbouring Pakistan (1965) over the disputed Kashmir region. He died of a heart attack after signing a “no-war” agreement with Pres. Ayub Khan of Pakistan and was succeeded as prime minister by Indira Gandhi , Nehru’s daughter.", "Following the death of Indian Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri, Indira Gandhi becomes head of the Congress Party and thus prime minister of India. She was India’s first female head of government and by the time of her assassination in 1984 was one of its most controversial.", "After the death of the 1st / Prime Minister of India Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Lal Bahadur Shastri succeeded him as the 2nd /second Prime Minister of India.", "He has been acting as prime minister since the unexpected death of Mr Nehru's successor, Lal Bahadur Shastri, earlier this month.", "* May 17–28 – Atal Bihari Vajpayee, leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party, is elected the new prime minister of India, replacing P. V. Narasimha Rao of the Indian National Congress. However, the party does not receive an overall majority and Vajpayee resigns 13 days later rather than face a no confidence vote, and is replaced by the United Front, led Deve Gowda.", "Manmohan Singh (born 1932) is the 13th and current Prime Minister of India. He is the only Prime Minister since Jawaharlal Nehru to return to power after completing a full five-year term.  ", "In a meeting in the Central Hall of Parliament on December 1, Singh proposed the name of Devi Lal as Prime Minister, in spite of the fact that he himself had been clearly projected by the anti-Congress forces as the 'clean' alternative to Rajiv Gandhi and their Prime Ministerial candidate. Chaudhary Devi Lal, a Jat leader from Haryana stood up and refused the nomination, and said that he would prefer to be an 'elder uncle' to the Government, and that Singh should be Prime Minister. [18] [19] This last part came as a clear surprise to Chandra Shekhar , the former head of the erstwhile Janata Party , and Singh's greatest rival within the Janata Dal. Shekhar, who had clearly expected that an agreement had been forged with Lal as the consensus candidate, withdrew from the meeting and refused to serve in the Cabinet.", "Mr.Morarji Desai succeeded Mrs.Indira Gandhi and was succeeded by Charan Singh as the Prime Minister of India.", "Jawaharlal Nehru (; ; 14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964) was the first Prime Minister of India and a central figure in Indian politics before and after independence. He emerged as the paramount leader of the Indian independence movement under the tutelage of Mahatma Gandhi and ruled India from its establishment as an independent nation in 1947 until his death in 1964. He is considered to be the architect of the modern Indian nation-state: a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic. He was also known as Pandit Nehru due to his roots with the Kashmiri Pandit community while many Indian children knew him as \"Uncle Nehru\" (Chacha Nehru). ", "Violent clashes between Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims followed. Prime Minister Nehru and deputy prime minister Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel invited Mountbatten to continue as Governor General of India. He was replaced in June 1948 by Chakravarti Rajagopalachari. Patel took on the responsibility of bringing into the Indian Union 565 princely states, steering efforts by his \"iron fist in a velvet glove\" policies, exemplified by the use of military force to integrate Junagadh and Hyderabad State into India (Operation Polo). On the other hand, Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru kept the issue of Kashmir in his hands.", "1984: Rajiv Gandhi was sworn-in as the Prime Minister of India amid anti-Sikh riots following the assassination of his mother, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, by two of her Sikh bodyguards. Rajiv Gandhi was in later years also assassinated, by a suicide bomber.", "Former Finance Minister and a globally renowned economist Dr Manmohan Singh completed five years term as PM of India. He assumed charge on May 22, 2004 and resigned on May 18 2009.", "Independent India On 14 August 1947, the new Dominion of Pakistan came into being, with Muhammad Ali Jinnah sworn in as its first Governor General in Karachi . At the stroke of midnight, as India moved into August 15, 1947, Jawaharlal Nehru , read out the famous Tryst with destiny speech proclaiming India's independence. India, now a smaller Union of India , became an independent country with official ceremonies taking place in New Delhi, and with Jawaharlal Nehru assuming the office of the first prime minister, and Deputy Prime Minister Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel invited Mountbatten to continue as Governor General of India . He was replaced in June 1948 by Chakravarti Rajagopalachari . Patel took on the responsibility of unifying 565 princely states, steering efforts by his “iron fist in a velvet glove” policies, exemplified by the use of military force to integrate Junagadh and Hyderabad state ( Operation Polo ) into India. Lord Mountbatten Sardar Patel C. Rajgopalchari", "He replaced V.P. Singh as the Prime Minister of India in November 1990 with the support of Congress (I) headed by Rajiv Gandhi. The relationship crumbled quickly, as the Congress party accused him of spying on Rajiv Gandhi, their leader at that time. The Congress Party then boycotted Parliament and as Shekhar's faction only had about 60 MPs, he resigned in a nationally televised address on 6 March 1991. He continued in office until June 21, 1991 till the national elections could be held. He was the office for 224 days . He was honored with the inaugural Outstanding Parliamentarian Award in 1995. Shekhar suffered from multiple myeloma, a form of cancer of the plasma cell. He died at the age of 80 in New Delhi on 8 July 2007. 9 th Prime Minister of India Chandra Shekhar Singh", "Indian statesman. He succeeded Mohandas K. Gandhi as leader of the Indian National Congress. He negotiated the end of British colonial rule in India and became India's first prime minister (1947-1964).", "PV Narasimha Rao, succeeded Gandhi as Congress leader and became India's prime minister later that year.", "Chandra Shekhar immediately seized the moment and left the Janata Dal with several of his own supporters (including Devi Lal, Janeshwar Mishra, HD Deve Gowda, Maneka Gandhi, Ashoke Kumar Sen, Subodh Kant Sahay, Om Prakash Chautala, Hukam Singh, Chimanbhai Patel, Mulayam Singh Yadav, Yashwant Sinha, VC Shukla, and Sanjay Singh) to form the Samajwadi Janata Party/Janata Dal (Socialist). Although Chandra Shekhar had a mere 64 MPs, Rajiv Gandhi the leader of the Opposition, agreed to support him on the floor of the House; so he won a confidence motion and was sworn in as Prime Minister. Eight Janata Dal MPs who voted for this motion were disqualified by the speaker Rabi Ray. He lasted only a few months before Gandhi withdrew support and fresh elections were called. He tried his best to get support till the last minute but failed.", "; née Nehru; 19 November 1917 – 31 October 1984) was the fourth Prime Minister of India and a central figure of the Indian National Congress party. Gandhi, who served from 1966 to 1977 and then again from 1980 until her assassination in 1984, is the second-longest-serving Prime Minister of India and the only woman to hold the office.", "..... Click the link for more information. , prime minister. Rajiv moved quickly to end the rioting and thereafter pursued a domestic policy emphasizing conciliation among India's various conflicting ethnic and religious groups. In 1989 he was defeated by the Janata Dal party under the leadership of Vishwanath Pratap Singh Singh, Vishwanath Pratap", "Once elected, Nehru headed an interim government, which was impaired by outbreaks of communal violence and political disorder, and the opposition of the Muslim League led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah , who were demanding a separate Muslim state of Pakistan . After failed bids to form coalitions, Nehru reluctantly supported the partition of India , according to a plan released by the British on 3 June 1947. He took office as the Prime Minister of India on 15 August, and delivered his inaugural address titled \" Tryst with Destiny \".", "By 1946, the British had neither the will, nor the financial resources or military power, to hold India any longer. Political deadlock ensued in the Constituent Assembly, and the British Prime Minister, Clement Attlee, sent a cabinet mission to India to mediate the situation. When the talks broke down, Attlee appointed Louis Mountbatten as India's last viceroy, to negotiate the independence of Pakistan and India and immediate British withdrawal.", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (; ;) (5 January 1928 – 4 April 1979) was a Pakistani politician and statesman who served as the 9th Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1973 to 1977, and prior to that as the 4th President of Pakistan from 1971 to 1973. He is revered in Pakistan as Quaid-i-Awam ( People’s Leader). He was also the founder of the Pakistan People's Party (PPP) and served as its chairman until his execution in 1979. ", "Inder Kumar Gujral became Prime Minister on April 21, 1997. He resigned office on Nov. 28. 1997.", "In 1979, Desai's Government crumbled. Charan Singh formed an interim government, which was followed by Mrs. Gandhi's return to power in January 1980. On October 31, 1984, Mrs. Gandhi was assassinated, and her son, Rajiv, was chosen by the Congress (I)--for \"Indira\"--Party to take her place. His government was brought down in 1989 by allegations of corruption and was followed by V.P. Singh and then Chandra Shekhar.", "Who was the PM of England when India attained Independence? a. Winston Churchil b. Clement Attlee c. Cripps", "You are here: Home 2008 November List of Prime Ministers of India From 1947 Till Date", "            In May 1962 new Provincial Assemblies were elected on the same pattern as the National Assembly. As the new National Assembly met in June 1962 at Rawalpindi, Ayub Khan was sworn in as first President of the Second Republic. On the same day the Martial Law (Repeal) Ordinance was promulgated repealing Martial Law after almost four years.", "The Capital of India was shifted from Calcutta to Delhi during his tenure in 1911. George V, the King of England visited India to attend the Delhi durbar in 1911. An assassination attempt was made on his life by Rash Bihari Bose and others.", "Gandhi and other nationalist leaders rejected as empty the British promises of Indian self-government after the war and organized the nonviolent \"Quit India\" campaign to hasten the British departure. British colonial authorities responded by jailing Gandhi and hundreds of others. Anti-British demonstrations accelerated after the war, and in 1947 the Indian National Congress reluctantly accepted the creation of Pakistan to appease the Muslim League and conclude the independence negotiations. On August 15, 1947, the Indian Independence Bill took effect, inaugurating a period of religious turmoil in India and Pakistan that would result in the deaths of hundreds of thousands, including Gandhi, who was assassinated by a Hindu fanatic in January 1948 during a prayer vigil to an area of Muslim-Hindu violence." ]

[ 6.29296875, 6.01953125, 6.01953125, 5.359375, 4.2890625, 3.294921875, 1.3310546875, 0.1822509765625, -0.00519561767578125, -0.09014892578125, -0.483154296875, -0.904296875, -0.974609375, -0.998046875, -1.171875, -1.271484375, -1.51953125, -1.576171875, -1.6123046875, -1.8818359375, -2.154296875, -2.900390625, -3.08203125, -3.1796875, -3.578125, -3.6875, -3.701171875, -5.7890625, -6.16015625, -6.43359375, -7.26953125, -8.125 ]

[ "The Soviet era lasted from 1917 to 1991. In the 1920s and 1930s, the Soviet government under Josef Stalin (governed 1924–53) instituted policies of terror and persecution to keep its power. The government wanted to control all property and information in order to keep people in line. Millions of Russians were eventually imprisoned, exiled, or executed on made-up charges and suspicion. An estimated 20 million Soviet citizens died during 1928–38 from Stalin's reign of terror and from preventable famine.", "After Lenin's death in 1924, Stalin methodically went about destroying all the old leaders of the Party, taking advantage of their weakness for standing on arcane intellectual principle to simply divide and conquer them. At first, these people were removed from their posts and exiled abroad. Later, when he realized that their sharp tongues and pens were still capable of inveighing against him even from far away, Stalin switched tactics, culminating in a vast reign of terror and spectacular show trials in the 1930s during which the founding fathers of the Soviet Union were one by one unmasked as \"enemies of the people\" who had supposedly always been in the employ of Capitalist intelligence services and summarily shot. The particularly pesky Leon Trotsky, who continued to badger Stalin from Mexico City after his exile in 1929, had to be silenced once and for all with an ice pick in 1940. The purges, or \"repressions\" as they are known in Russia, extended far beyond the Party elite, reaching down into every local Party cell and nearly all of the intellectual professions, since anyone with a higher education was suspected of being a potential counterrevolutionary. This depleted the Soviet Union of its brainpower, and left Stalin as the sole intellectual force in the country--an expert on virtually every human endeavor.", "The time of the great purges (1936-1939), as Figure C indicates, was numerically not the period of greatest repression. even if we take into account the masses of people shot in 1937-1938 and the much less frequent recourse to capital punishment from the late 1940s. Annual numbers of detainees were greater after World War II, reaching a peak shortly before Stalin’s death. If we extract the war years from the trend, we find that the picture is one of steadily increasing repression throughout the 1930s and 1940s.", "The situation in Russia in 1934 was no better than that of Germany: this year saw the beginning of “the Great Terror” (1934-38), during which Joseph Stalin purged the state of his enemies by the use of secret police, rigged trials, deportations, and speedy executions. Catholic priests were accused of destroying bridges, railways, and factories, and of spying. The regime put them on trial, as it had in the previous decade for practicing religion when the Soviets had officially rejected it. From the trials of Archbishop John Cieplak and various Roman Catholic clergy in Stalinist Russia, as witnessed by Father Walsh in 1923. N. V. Krylenko was the prosecutor.", "During the administration of Nikolai Yezhov, Yagoda�s successor, terror within the Soviet Union reached its height.In fact, three thousand of Yezhov�s own men were executed between 1936 and 1938.  Stalin, wary of the extent of Yezhov�s control, had him tried and shot in 1938 (Freemantle, 27).", "The last stage of the terror was the purging of the NKVD . Stalin wanted to make sure that those who knew too much about the purges would also be killed. Stalin announced to the country that \"fascist elements\" had taken over the security forces which had resulted in innocent people being executed. He appointed Lavrenti Beria as the new head of the Secret Police and he was instructed to find out who was responsible. After his investigations, Beria arranged the executions of all the senior figures in the organization.", "Famines ensued, causing millions of deaths; surviving kulaks were persecuted and many sent to Gulags to do forced labour . [13] Social upheaval continued in the mid-1930s. Stalin's Great Purge resulted in the execution or detainment of many \" Old Bolsheviks \" who had participated in the October Revolution with Lenin. According to declassified Soviet archives, in 1937 and 1938, the NKVD arrested more than one and a half million people, of whom 681,692 were shot. Over those two years that averages to over one thousand executions a day. [14] According to historian Geoffrey Hosking , \"...excess deaths during the 1930s as a whole were in the range of 10–11 million.\" [15] Yet despite the turmoil of the mid-to-late 1930s, the Soviet Union developed a powerful industrial economy in the years before World War II .", "In 1918 a civil war was raging in Russia, which was to continue for another three years. Those who opposed the Revolution formed the White Army, aided by thirteen outside countries. At the time of the execution the Czechoslovakian army, on the side of the White Army, were approaching. Fearful that Tsar Nicholas II would be freed, and become a symbol for resistance, the Bolsheviks issued the order to have his family killed. Mass terror was openly being carried out on both sides, with each side justifying this on the grounds that there was no alternative if their vision for the future for Russia was to prevail. Huge numbers of innocent people were killed as a result. Some of it, such as the White anti-Semitic pogroms, was a carry over of what had gone before. With Stalin’s assumption of power after the death of Lenin in 1924, this was to continue, resulting in millions of deaths.", "Stalin used the show trial of leading Communists as a means for expanding the new terror. In August 1936, Zinovyev and Kamenev were paraded in court to repeat fabricated confessions, sentenced to death, and shot; two more major trials followed, in January 1937 and March 1938. In June 1937, Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky , at the time the most influential military personality, and other leading generals were reported as court-martialed on charges of treason and executed.", "In September 1918, Sovnarkom passed a decree that inaugurated the Red Terror, a system of oppression orchestrated by the Cheka. Although sometimes described as an attempt to eliminate the entire bourgeoisie, Lenin did not want to exterminate all members of this class, merely those who sought to reinstate their rule. The majority of the Terror's victims were well-to-do citizens or former members of the Tsarist administration, however others were non-bourgeois anti-Bolsheviks and perceived social undesirables such as prostitutes. The Cheka claimed the right to both sentence and execute anyone whom it deemed to be an enemy of the government, without recourse to the Revolutionary Tribunals. Accordingly, throughout Soviet Russia the Cheka carried out killings, often in large numbers. For example, the Petrograd Cheka executed 512 people in a few days. There are no surviving records to provide an accurate figure of how many perished in the Red Terror, although later estimates of historians have ranged from 10,000 to 15,000 in one estimate, and 50,000 to 140,000 in another.", "In 1934, Stalin turned against members of the Communist Party. In 1937, he launched the Great Purge, a campaign of terror directed at eliminating anyone who threatened his power. ", "Famines ensued, causing millions of deaths; surviving kulaks were persecuted and many sent to Gulags to do forced labour . [17 ] Social upheaval continued in the mid-1930s. Stalin's Great Purge resulted in the execution or detainment of many \" Old Bolsheviks \" who had participated in the October Revolution with Lenin. According to declassified Soviet archives, in 1937 and 1938, the NKVD arrested more than one and a half million people, of whom 681,692 were shot – an average of 1,000 executions a day. [18 ] The excess deaths during the 1930s as a whole were in the range of 10–11 million. [19 ] Yet despite the turmoil of the mid-to-late 1930s, the Soviet Union developed a powerful industrial economy in the years before World War II .", "The 1930s saw the beginning of the worst excesses of Stalin. He started to purge the party of anyone he considered a potential threat. This followed the assassination of his leading colleague and rival Sergey Kirov in 1934. As a result many leading political and military leaders where sentenced to death for treason. The effect was to silence any voice of opposition or even questioning of his five-year plans. The secret police, arts, academia, legal and diplomatic spheres were also subject to denunciation and execution.", "Famines ensued, causing millions of deaths; surviving kulaks were persecuted and many sent to Gulags to do forced labour. Social upheaval continued in the mid-1930s. Stalin's Great Purge resulted in the execution or detainment of many \"Old Bolsheviks\" who had participated in the October Revolution with Lenin. According to declassified Soviet archives, in 1937 and 1938, the NKVD arrested more than one and a half million people, of whom 681,692 were shot. Over those two years that averages to over one thousand executions a day. According to historian Geoffrey Hosking, \"...excess deaths during the 1930s as a whole were in the range of 10–11 million.\" Yet despite the turmoil of the mid-to-late 1930s, the Soviet Union developed a powerful industrial economy in the years before World War II.", "The Great purges of the 1930s were a maelstrom of political violence that engulfed all levels of society and all walks of life. Often thought to have begun in 1934 with the assassination of Politburo member Sergei Kirov, the repression first struck former political dissidents in 1935-1936. It then widened and reached its apogee in 1937-1938 with the arrest and imprisonment or execution of a large proportion of the Communist Party Central Committee, the military high command, and the state bureaucracy. Eventually, millions of ordinary Soviet citizens were drawn into the expanding terror.", "Mass arrests and executions of Communist party members. Lasting from 1934-38 Stalin consolidated his one man rule over the Soviet Union", "Popularly considered to be the most evil Georgian (not the US state) in human history , Josef Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili) ruled the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953.", "On October 25–26 – by the Julian Calendar, whose use has since been discontinued in Russia – Red Guard forces under the leadership of Bolshevik commanders launched their final attack on the ineffectual Provisional Government. Most government offices were occupied and controlled by Bolshevik soldiers on the 25th; the last holdout of the Provisional Ministers, the Tsar's Winter Palace on the Neva River bank, was captured on the night of the 26th. Kerensky escaped the Winter Palace raid and fled to Pskov, where he rallied some loyal troops for an attempt to retake the capital. His troops managed to capture Tsarskoe Selo but were beaten the next day at Pulkovo. Kerensky spent the next few weeks in hiding before fleeing the country. He went into exile in France and eventually emigrated to the U.S.", "Many military leaders were convicted of treason and a large-scale purge of Red Army officers followed. [39] The repression of so many formerly high-ranking revolutionaries and party members led Leon Trotsky to claim that a \"river of blood\" separated Stalin's regime from that of Lenin. [40] In August 1940, Trotsky was assassinated in Mexico, where he had lived in exile since January 1937; this eliminated the last of Stalin's opponents among the former Party leadership. [41]", "Nikolai Yezhov walking with Stalin in the top photo from the mid 1930s. Following his execution in 1940, Yezhov was edited out of the photo by Soviet censors. [47] Yezhov became an \"unperson\".", "The Czarist regime, which was anti-Semitic and politically repressive, was authoritarian; the Stalinist regime, totalitarian. In the oppressive twenty-year rule of the last Czar, a small number of political prisoners were hanged for acts of violence. Under Stalin’s twenty-year rule, an average of 20,000 persons a month were either shot or perished in concentration camps.", "Stalin personally signed 357 proscription lists in 1937 and 1938 that condemned to execution some 40,000 people, and about 90% of these are confirmed to have been shot. [52] At the time, while reviewing one such list, Stalin reportedly muttered to no one in particular: \"Who's going to remember all this riff-raff in ten or twenty years time? No one. Who remembers the names now of the boyars Ivan the Terrible got rid of? No one.\" [53] In addition, Stalin dispatched a contingent of NKVD operatives to Mongolia , established a Mongolian version of the NKVD troika , and unleashed a bloody purge in which tens of thousands were executed as \"Japanese Spies.\" Mongolian ruler Khorloogiin Choibalsan closely followed Stalin's lead. [54]", "As The Nazi terror spread across Europe many leaders of communist parties fled for safety to the USSR. There, they patiently accepted orders  given them by Moscow. Among those who fled were Wilhelm Pieck and Walter Ulbricht from Germany, Maurice Thorez from France, Palmiro Togliatti from Italy, Klement Gottwald from Czechoslovakia, Georgi Dimitrov from Bulgaria, Boleslaw Bierut from Poland and Anna Pauker from Rumania.", "During the war against Nazi Germany, artists were permitted to infuse their works with patriotism and to direct them against the enemy. The victory in 1945, however, brought a return to repression against deviation from party policy. Andrei Zhdanov, who had been Stalin's spokesman on cultural affairs since 1934, led the attack. He viciously denounced such writers as Anna Akhmatova, Boris Pasternak, and Mikhail Zoshchenko, who were labeled “anti-Soviet, underminers of socialist realism, and unduly pessimistic.” Individuals were expelled from the Union of Writers, and offending periodicals were either abolished or brought under direct party control.", "Romanovs were then transported to inner Russia to prevent them from running away abroad or from being captured by the approaching German troops. Russia's last tzar and his family spent the last months in Yekaterinburg. On July 17, 1918 they were \"executed\" on the orders of the local authorities and, allegedly, of the Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin. The bodies of Romanovs were then thrown into one of abandoned mines.", "Joseph Stalin was one of the greatest leaders of the former Soviet Union and General Secretary of the Communist party of the Soviet Union serving from 1922 until his death in 1953. While in power, Joseph crushed his contemporary prominent party leaders and opponents he gained popularity among the low-working class people for his socialist-economic policies. He introduced the concept of âFive-Year-Planâ in Soviet Union seeking a rapid industrialization and economic collectivization. In the late 1930's, Stalin instigated a campaign against corruption and treachery both within the party and outside it what he called 'The Purge'. It resulted in a number of executions of party members as well as other sectors of the Soviet Union who appeared to be suspicious and not loyal to Stalin. Under his leadership, the country joined the ally forces against the Nazi Germany after it violated the non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union that resulted in the defeat of Germany and a huge death toll in the Soviet Union.", "During the postwar reconstruction period, Stalin tightened domestic controls, justifying the repression by playing up the threat of war with the West. Many repatriated Soviet citizens who had lived abroad during the war, whether as prisoners of war, forced laborers, or defectors, were executed or sent to prison camps. The limited freedoms granted in wartime to the church and to collective farmers were revoked. The party tightened its admission standards and purged many who had become party members during the war.", "Tsarina Alexandra 1918 Her Imperial Highness the Empress Alexandra Feodorovna - or \"Alicky\" to her friends - was the last Tsarina of Russia. Married to Nicholas II and mother of the legendary Anastasia, she was plagued by visions and superstition. A religious fanatic who eventually fell under the spell of the mystic Rasputin, Alexandra was taken captive after the uprising of 1917, then shot by firing •19• squad along with her brood.", "The Bolshevik government had claimed, that in the middle of the night, July 16, 1918, they had captured the seven members of the Russian Imperial family, which included the Czar Nicholas, his wife (Alexandra), son (Aleksei), and four daughters ( Olga, Tatiana, Maria, and Anastasia ); as well as Dr. Eugene Botkin, the imperial physician, and three servants; and murdered them in the basement of the Ipatiev house in Ekaterinburg (now Sverdlovsk). They took their bodies fourteen miles away to the abandoned Four Brothers Mine, soaked the bodies with gasoline, attempted to burn them, and buried them in the swamp. They were only successful in burning the two youngest ones, Aleksei and Anastasia.", "In 1914, while visiting a church in Siberian city of Tobolsk, Rasputin was attacked by his former prostitute-friend, Khionia Guseva, who then turned a religious disciple of monk Iliodor. Ms. Guseva approached Rasputin with a knife and wounded him in the stomach, but he recovered from the wound and soon gained an even stronger influence on the Empress Tsarina Alexandra . Later Ms. Guseva said to the Grand Jury that she acted in clear mind and full understanding that \"Rasputin is the Antichrist harmful to the people of Russia.\" However she was declared insane and was forcefully placed in an asylum in Siberia. Rasputin's most destructive actions were committed in 1916, when he convinced the Tsar Nicholas II to move from the Russian capital, St. Petersburg, to the front-lines in Belarus, leaving the Empress Alexandra alone under his influence and in charge of internal politics of the country. In absence of the Tsar, St. Petersburg was surreptitiously over-taken by the revolutionary communists, who penetrated into many regiments of the Army, the Navy, as well as into the local political circles in the capital of Russia, thus preparing for the Communist Revolution of 1917. The decade of Rasputin's destructive manipulations led to irreparable political and economic damage and caused a bitter divide within the government and military command, as well as within all social layers of Russia. At that time the French ambassador Maurice Paléologue made a record that the \"Russian Empress is mystically devoted to Rasputin.\"", "  was an eminent   Russian   novelist, historian, and tireless critic of Communist totalitarianism .  He helped to raise global awareness of the   gulag   and the   Soviet Union ' s forced labor camp system. While his writings were often suppressed, he wrote many books, most notably", "1941 - Maria Alexandrovna Spiridonova (Мария Александровна Спиридонова; b. 1884), prominent Russian member of the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries (Партия левых социалистов-революционеров) party and onetime honourary chair of the party as well as editor of its paper 'Land and Freedom' (Земля и воля), is executed by order of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR (Военная коллегия Верховного суда СССР). [see: Oct. 28]" ]

[ 3.7890625, 2.986328125, 0.90283203125, 0.414794921875, -1.0078125, -1.0634765625, -1.29296875, -1.3310546875, -1.3876953125, -1.4072265625, -1.4111328125, -1.421875, -1.587890625, -1.7412109375, -1.9814453125, -2.12109375, -2.171875, -2.783203125, -2.94140625, -3.525390625, -3.61328125, -3.62890625, -4.0703125, -4.5078125, -4.6015625, -4.92578125, -5.34375, -5.44921875, -5.6953125, -5.796875, -6.6640625, -6.9296875 ]

[ "“This acre of English ground was given to the United States of America by the people of Britain in memory of John F. Kennedy.” Those words, etched across this limestone memorial, were dedicated by Queen Elizabeth II in May 1965, in Runnymede alongside the River Thames. JFK’s widow, Jackie, attended the dedication.", "“This acre of English ground was given to the United States of America by the people of Britain in memory of John F. Kennedy.” Those words, etched across this limestone memorial, were dedicated by Queen Elizabeth II in May 1965, in Runnymede alongside the River Thames. JFK’s widow, Jackie, attended the dedication. 960 1280", "Jackie collected crosses. One of the most wonderful across the continents stories is associated with this beautiful blue sapphire cross. The Queen Mother gave this to Jackie immediately following JFK's death. The Queen of England Mother gave Jackie this cross in 1965. Queen Elizabeth the second gave to the people of the Untied Stated 1 acre of land - one piece of land that is American soil! In memory of John F. Kennedy.", "^ In May 1965, she, Robert and Ted Kennedy joined Queen Elizabeth II at Runnymede , England, where they dedicated the United Kingdom’s official memorial to JFK. The memorial included several acres of meadowland given in perpetuity from the UK to the US, near where King John had signed the Magna Carta in 1215. [124] In 1967, she attended the christening of the U.S. Navy aircraft carrier USS John F. Kennedy (CV-67) [125] in Newport News, Virginia, a memorial in Hyannis Port, and a park near New Ross , Ireland. She also attended a private ceremony in Arlington National Cemetery that saw the moving of her husband’s coffin, after which he was reinterred so that officials at the cemetery could construct a safer and more stable eternal flame and accommodate the tourists’ extensive foot traffic. [126]", "In 1965, Kennedy and Queen Elizabeth II dedicated Great Britain's official memorial to President Kennedy at Runnymede, England. The memorial included several acres of meadowland given in perpetuity from Britain to the U.S., near where King John had signed the Magna Carta in 1215.", "\"Nearby, the Kennedy Memorial stands in its own acre of land, given by the people of Britian to the USA, honouring the memory of the assassinated President. A little piece of America by the Thames.\"", "During the Vietnam War in November 1967, Life magazine dubbed Kennedy \"America's unofficial roving ambassador\" when she and David Ormsby-Gore, former British ambassador to the United States during the Kennedy administration, traveled to Cambodia, where they visited the religious complex of Angkor Wat with Chief of State Norodom Sihanouk. Alam, p. 32 According to historian Milton Osbourne, her visit was \"the start of the repair to Cambodian-US relations, which had been at a very low ebb\". She also attended the funeral services of Martin Luther King, Jr. in Atlanta, Georgia in April 1968, despite her initial reluctancy due to the crowds and reminders of President Kennedy's death. ", "photo used for educational purposes from bbc.co.uk The John F. Kennedy Family in Runneymede (JFK Jr, Jackie, Carolyn and Robert Kennedy - JFK's younger brother), greeting Queen Elizabeth (the daughter of the Queen Mother who gave the cross to Jackie)", "Queen Elizabeth II is the head of state of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK) and 15 other Commonwealth realms. She is the daughter of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth.", "The Queen with the then prime minister, Harold Macmillan, in Oxford in November 1960. Photograph: Terry Disney/Getty Images", "Perhaps because of its size and prominence, JFK has become something of a cultural icon over the years. It has been mentioned in numerous songs and television shows, and was most notably the site of the Beatles’ first press conference on American soil in 1964.", "Former first lady Jacqueline Kennedy walks through the streets with American civil rights activist Bernard Lee, left, in the funeral procession of assassinated civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr., Atlanta, April 9, 1968.", "Queen Elizabeth II was born Princess Elizabeth Alexandra Mary on April 21, 1926, in London, to Prince Albert, Duke of York (later known as  King George VI ), and Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon . She married Philip Mountbatten , Duke of Edinburgh, in 1947, became queen on February 6, 1952, and was crowned on June 2, 1953. She is the mother of Prince Charles , heir to the throne, as well as the grandmother of princes William and Harry . As the longest-serving monarch in British history, she has tried to make her reign more modern and sensitive to a changing public while maintaining traditions associated with the crown.", "1952 Elizabeth II becomes Queen upon the death of her father George VI; at the exact moment of succession, she was in a treehouse at the Treetops Hotel in Kenya", "When George died in 1952, their oldest daughter became Queen Elizabeth II. Her husband is Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark.", "Princess Elizabeth became Queen Elizabeth II when she was 25 on the death of her father King George VI on February 6, 1952. Like Victoria, she has acted as a figure of continuity as the country has modernised.", "Old acquaintances: Queen Elizabeth II and the Duke of Edinburgh entertained President Kennedy and wife Jackie at a dinner at Buckingham palace in 1961", "Princess Elizabeth became Queen Elizabeth II when she was 25 on the death of her father King George VI on February 6 1952. Like Victoria, she has acted as a figure of continuity as the country has modernised.", "In 1952, Princess Elizabeth and her husband Prince Philip were on holiday at the Treetops Hotel in Kenya when her father, King George VI, died in his sleep. The young princess cut short her trip and returned home immediately to take her throne. She was crowned Queen Elizabeth II at Westminster Abbey in 1953 and as British hunter and conservationist Jim Corbett (who accompanied the royal couple) put it, she went up a tree in Africa a princess and came down a queen. ", "When her father, King George VI, died in 1952, Elizabeth became queen. In honor of her succession to the throne, TIME chose Elizabeth II as the 1953 Woman of the Year, finding that her significance was that \"of a fresh young blossom on roots that had weathered many a season of wintry doubt. The British, as weary and discouraged as the rest of the world in 1952, saw in their new young Queen a reminder of a great past... and dared to hope that she might be an omen of a great future.\"", "In 1952, King George VI died, the third of Queen Mary's children to predecease her; her eldest granddaughter, Princess Elizabeth, ascended the throne as Queen Elizabeth II. Queen Mary died the next year of lung cancer (referred to publicly as \"gastric problems\"[55]) at the age of 85, only ten weeks before Elizabeth's coronation. Queen Mary let it be known that, in the event of her death, the coronation was not to be postponed. Her remains lay in state at Westminster Hall, where large numbers of mourners filed past her coffin. She is buried beside her husband in the nave of St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.[56]", "In 1952, King George VI died, the third of Queen Mary's children to predecease her; her eldest granddaughter, Princess Elizabeth, ascended the throne as Queen Elizabeth II. Mary died the next year of lung cancer (referred to publicly as \"gastric problems\" ) on 24 March 1953 at the age of 85, only ten weeks before her granddaughter's coronation. Mary let it be known that, in the event of her death, the coronation was not to be postponed. Her remains lay in state at Westminster Hall, where large numbers of mourners filed past her coffin. She is buried beside her husband in the nave of St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. ", "WINSTON CHURCHILL — The British prime minister was the first to greet Princess Elizabeth on her return to London in 1952 from Kenya, where she’d learned of her father’s death. As Queen, she later broke with royal tradition by attending Churchill’s funeral.", "As it turned out, the trip was a great success. The local press in Ghana hailed the queen as \"the greatest socialist monarch in the world.\" With the conclusion of the visit and the queen safely back in Britain, Macmillan immediately telephoned Kennedy. \"I have risked my Queen,\" Macmillan said. \"You must risk your money.\" Gallantly, Kennedy replied he would match the queen's \"brave contribution\" with his own. The United States signed on to the Volta River Project.", "President Kennedy visited Macmillan's country home, Birch Grove, on 29–30 June 1963, for talks about the planned Multilateral Force. They never met again, and this was to be Kennedy’s last visit to the UK. He was assassinated in November, shortly after the end of Macmillan's premiership. ", "Queen Elizabeth II making her Christmas broadcast from New Zealand in 1953. Photograph: Press Association Images/PA Archive", "LONDON (Reuters Life!) - A national memorial in honor of Britain's late Queen Mother was unveiled near Buckingham Palace on Tuesday near a statue of her husband King George VI.", "And it was a new era. Britain in 1958 was a country on the brink of modernisation. The Tories had swept to victory in 1951 with the promise to \"Set the People Free\"; rationing had come to an end and young people were demanding a new freedom and mobility. On the same day that the bypass opened, a young Queen Elizabeth II, who was in Bristol, made a direct telephone call to Edinburgh, 300 miles away – then the longest call that could be made without the aid of an operator. Britain was beginning to shrink and motorways were accelerating the change.", "Elizabeth was born April 21, 1926, in London. She is held here by her mother, Elizabeth. Her father would later become King George VI.", "Princess Elizabeth, who became Queen Elizabeth II in 1953, joined the Auxiliary Territorial Service in 1945. This was against the wishes of the British government and her parents, who were then King and Queen.", "On Friday, November 22, 1963, at 11:38 a.m. CST, Kennedy, his wife Jacqueline, and the rest of the presidential entourage arrived at Love Field in northwest Dallas aboard Air Force One after a very short flight from nearby Carswell Air Force Base, west of Fort Worth. The motorcade cars had been lined up in a certain order earlier that morning. The original schedule was for the president to proceed in a long motorcade from Love Field through downtown Dallas, and end at the Dallas Business and Trade Mart.", "HM Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother was a guest of honour at the school in 1956." ]

[ 5.80078125, 5.37890625, 4.3515625, 2.822265625, 2.046875, -1.6650390625, -2.20703125, -2.630859375, -3.97265625, -4.3515625, -4.37109375, -4.50390625, -4.8828125, -4.90625, -5.1640625, -5.23046875, -5.296875, -5.39453125, -5.73046875, -5.93359375, -6.4375, -6.53125, -7.04296875, -7.4453125, -7.98046875, -8.578125, -8.859375, -9.0859375, -9.2578125, -9.265625, -9.5703125, -10.625 ]

[ "Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (pronounced [ˈmoːɦənd̪aːs ˈkərəmtʃənd̪ ˈɡaːnd̪ʱi]; 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was the preeminent leader of Indian nationalism in British-ruled India. Employing non-violent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. The honorific Mahatma (Sanskrit: “high-souled,” “venerable”)—applied to him first in 1914 in South Africa, — is now used worldwide.", "Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (pronounced: [ˈmoːɦənd̪aːs ˈkərəmtʃənd̪ ˈɡaːnd̪ʱi]; 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948), commonly known as Mahatma Gandhi, was the preeminent leader of Indian nationalism in British-ruled India. Employing non-violent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for non-violence, civil rights and freedom across the world.", "Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Hi-Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi_pronunciation.ogg Hindi (listen) (help·info); Gujarati: મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી, pronounced [moɦən̪d̪äs kəɾəmtʂən̪d̪ ɡän̪d̪ʱi]) (2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was the pre-eminent political and spiritual leader of India during the Indian independence movement. He was the pioneer of satyagraha—resistance to tyranny through mass civil disobedience, firmly founded upon ahimsa or total non-violence—which led India to independence and has inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. Gandhi is commonly known around the world as Mahatma Gandhi (Sanskrit: महात्मा mahātmā or \"Great Soul\", an honorific first applied to him by Rabindranath Tagore),[1] and in India also as Bapu (Gujarati: બાપુ bāpu or \"Father\"). He is officially honoured in India as the Father of the Nation; his birthday, 2 October, is commemorated there as Gandhi Jayanti, a national holiday, and worldwide as the International Day of Non-Violence.", "Indian nationalist leader Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (1869 - 1948), popularly known as Mahatma Gandhi, whose policy of peaceful demonstration led India from British rule to independence. (Photo by Elliott & Fry/Getty Images)", "January 30, 1948 - Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated in New Delhi, India, by a religious fanatic. Gandhi had ended British rule in India through nonviolent resistance. \"Non-violence is not a garment to be put on and off at will. Its seat is in the heart, and it must be an inseparable part of our very being,\" he had stated in 1926.", "Mohandas Gandhi’s reputation as the Indian spiritual and political leader who coordinated and led a successful national struggle for independence against British imperial rule on the strength of a non-violent movement survives largely intact. The legend of Mahatma Gandhi has it that he returned to India from South Africa in 1915, took control of and radically transformed the Indian nationalist movement, and led three great popular movements that eventually wore down the British government and led to Indian independence. These were the Non-Cooperation Movement, 1920-22, in conjunction with the Khilafat Movement for the restoration of the Caliphate in Turkey after the First World War (a coalition he proposed with Muslim political leaders in which he required his colleagues to accept him as Dictator – his word); the Civil Disobedience Movement, 1930-31 (unsuccessfully sought to be revived from 1932 to 1934); and the Quit India Movement of 1942. His ability to give voice to the authentic spirit of the Indian masses, so the story goes, was in stark contrast to those political leaders who used ‘western’ political idioms in pursuit of the goal of Indian independence.", "9. Mohandas Gandhi -- Indian nationalist leader, who established his country's freedom through a nonviolent revolution.", "Mahatma Gandhi, pictured in 1940, was the leader of Indian nationalism in British-ruled India. He used the tactic of nonviolent civil disobedience to win independence", "Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (1869–1948) was the pre-eminent political and spiritual leader of India during the Indian independence movement. He was the pioneer of satyagraha—resistance to tyranny through mass civil disobedience, a philosophy firmly founded upon ahimsa or total nonviolence—which led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world.", "Within one week the jails were full, and subsequently Gandhi himself was to be taken into jail. Mohandas Gandhi was arrested for defying the salt laws in his non violent protest against Britain’s salt monopoly. The salt march started a series of protests damaging the British economy in India. The non-violent protesters were embraced by the world and eventually enabled India to gain their freedom from Britain in 1947.", "6. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (1869-1948), Hindu religious leader and Indian nationalist who advocated home rule for India and practiced nonviolent resistance against the British government.", "1869-1948: Lifetime of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Indian nationalist and Hindu political activist who develops the strategy of nonviolent disobedience that forces Christian Great Britain to grant independence to India (1947).", "Gandhi was responsible for getting the British to allow India to form its own government through his technique of satyagraha , or non-violence. Date: 1930’s. Photographer: Unknown.", "In 1930, the Indian National Congress adopted satyagraha (essentially, nonviolent protest) as their main tactic in their campaign for independence. Mahatma Gandhi was appointed to develop a plan of action; he proposed marching to the sea to make salt in defiance of the Salt Act of 1882. Violation of the Salt Act, which made it illegal for anyone to collect or produce salt except for authorized British nationals, did not immediately catch the imagination of the delegates, and was reportedly met with some laughter in the Congress. The Raj (as the British empire in India was known) did not take this idea as much of a threat either. Viceroy Lord Irwin actually wrote back to London to report, “At present the prospect of a salt campaign does not keep me awake at night.”[ 1 ]", "The Quit India Movement was launched at the Bombay session of the All India Congress Committee in response to Gandhi’s call for immediate independence of India. In a speech at the Gowalia Tank Maidan, renamed August Revolution Ground, Gandhi urged Indians to follow a course of non-violent civil disobedience to bring the British Govt. to the negotiating table. He told the masses to act as an independent nation and not to follow the orders of the British. His call “to Do or Die” found support among a large number of Indians.", "The main reason that drove this astonishing nonviolent was the planned protest against the salt tax laws set by the British Colonial Empire in India. The first target under this movement was the 1882 British Salt Act, but for the dictating Viceroy, Lord Irwin wasn’t moved by the earlier protests. Surpassing the land revenue boycott by the Indian National Congress, Mahatma Gandhi indicated the salt revolution as the demand of the common man of the nation. Before the Dandi March, the British raj collected 8.2% as the salt tax and it took no time for the congress party to understand the relation of salt and the common man. Among the numerous revolutionary moments in Indian independence, Dandi March stands a great example of Hindu Muslim unity. The revolutionary movement encouraged the common citizens to come against the unlawful salt taxes of the British Raj and resulted in illegal manufacturing and trade of the basic man’s commodity.", "The Rowlatt Act extended wartime 'emergency measures', such as detention without trial. Mohandas Gandhi of the Indian Congress Party asked Indians to use non-violent civil disobedience in protest against the act, and to refuse to cooperate with the British government. The 1918 Montagu-Chelmsford Report offered reform, but not self-rule - despite the sacrifices India had made in the war and US President Woodrow Wilson's declaration regarding national self-determination.", "With Congress now behind him in 1920, Gandhi had the base to employ noncooperation, nonviolence and peaceful resistance as his \"weapons\" in the struggle against the  British Raj . His wide popularity among both Hindus and Muslims made his leadership possible; he even convinced the extreme faction of Muslims to support peaceful noncooperation. [71]  The spark that ignited a national protest was overwhelming anger at the  Jallianwala Bagh massacre  (or Amritsar massacre) of hundreds of peaceful civilians by British troops in Punjab . Many Britons celebrated the action as needed to prevent another violent uprising similar to the  Rebellion of 1857 , an attitude that caused many Indian leaders to decide the Raj was controlled by their enemies. Gandhi criticised both the actions of the British Raj and the retaliatory violence of Indians. He authored the resolution offering condolences to British civilian victims and condemning the riots which, after initial opposition in the party, was accepted following Gandhi's emotional speech advocating his principle that all violence was evil and could not be justified. [78]", "which protested authoritarian laws like the RowlattActs of 1919, and lack of human freedom and self-government for Indians in their own country. MahatmaGandhi was the leader of the nationwide revolts orga-nized by the Indian National Congress based upon civildisobedience or Satyagraha by peaceful means alone:-", "Gandhi first employed non-violent civil disobedience as an expatriate lawyer in South Africa , in the resident Indian community's struggle for civil rights. After his return to India in 1915, he set about organising peasants, farmers, and urban labourers in protesting excessive land-tax and discrimination. Assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns for easing poverty, for expanding women's rights, for building religious and ethnic amity, for ending untouchability , for increasing economic self-reliance, but above all for achieving Swaraj —the independence of India from foreign domination. Gandhi famously led Indians in protesting the British-imposed salt tax with the 400 km (249 mi) Dandi Salt March in 1930, and later in calling for the British to Quit India in 1942. He was imprisoned for many years, on numerous occasions, in both South Africa and India.", "Jawaharlal Nehru (; ; 14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964) was the first Prime Minister of India and a central figure in Indian politics before and after independence. He emerged as the paramount leader of the Indian independence movement under the tutelage of Mahatma Gandhi and ruled India from its establishment as an independent nation in 1947 until his death in 1964. He is considered to be the architect of the modern Indian nation-state: a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic. He was also known as Pandit Nehru due to his roots with the Kashmiri Pandit community while many Indian children knew him as \"Uncle Nehru\" (Chacha Nehru). ", "Gandhiji first employed non-violent civil disobedience while an expatriate lawyer in South Africa, during the resident Indian community's struggle for civil rights. After his return to India in 1915, he organized protests by peasants, farmers, and urban labourers concerning excessive land-tax and discrimination. After assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhiji led nationwide campaigns to ease poverty, expand women's rights, build religious and ethnic amity, end untouchability, and increase economic self-reliance. Above all, he aimed to achieve Swaraj or the independence of India from foreign domination. Gandhiji famously led his followers in the Non-cooperation movement that protested the British-imposed salt tax with the 400 km Dandi Salt March in 1930. Later, in 1942, he launched the Quit India civil disobedience movement demanding immediate independence for India. Gandhiji spent a number of years in jail in both South Africa and India.", "Gandhi became a leader in a complex struggle, the Indian campaign for home rule. Following World War I, in which he played an active part in recruiting campaigns, Gandhi, again advocating Satyagraha, launched his movement of passive resistance to Great Britain. When, in 1919, Parliament passed the Rowlatt Act, giving the Indian colonial authorities emergency powers to deal with so-called revolutionary activities, Satyagraha spread through India, gaining millions of followers. A demonstration against the Rowlatt Act resulted in a massacre of Indians at Amritsar by British soldiers; in 1920, when the British government failed to make amends, Gandhi proclaimed an organized campaign of noncooperation. Indians in public office resigned, government agencies such as courts of law were boycotted, and Indian children were withdrawn from government schools. Through India, streets were blocked by squatting Indians who refused to rise even when beaten by police. Gandhi was arrested, but the British were soon forced to release him.", "1869: Birth of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Indian leader who campaigned for Indian independence using the techniques of civil disobedience.", "By late 1931, Irwin’s successor had resumed political repression. Gandhi revived the satyagraha movement and was soon imprisoned by the British government. While in prison, Gandhi fasted to protest the policy of separate electorates for ‘‘untouchables,’’ India’s lowest caste, within India’s new constitution. The fast elicited public attention and resulted in a historic 1947 resolution making the practice of discrimination against untouchables illegal. In August 1947, Britain transferred governing power to a partitioned India, creating the two independent states of India and Pakistan. Despite Gandhi’s urgings, partition was accompanied by violence and rioting. On 30 January 1948, Gandhi was assassinated while entering a prayer meeting in Delhi.", "The Indian National Congress, led by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Maulana Azad, denounced Nazi Germany but would not fight it or anyone else until India was independent. Congress launched the Quit India Movement in August 1942, refusing to cooperate in any way with the government until independence was granted. The government was ready for this move. It immediately arrested over 60,000 national and local Congress leaders, and then moved to suppress the violent reaction of Congress supporters. Key leaders were kept in prison until June 1945, although Gandhi was released in May 1944 because of his health. Congress, with its leaders incommunicado, played little role on the home front. The Muslim League rejected the Quit India movement and worked closely with the Raj authorities.", "Following the Amritsar massacre, Indian lawyer Mahatma Gandhi launches a two-year campaign of noncooperation. He encourages Indians to leave British institutions, return British honors, and practice self-reliance. While Gandhi is forced to stop the campaign upon his arrest and imprisonment in 1922, he goes on to become the most recognized leader of the Indian nationalist movement.", "Leader of the Indian independence movement and advocate of nonviolent resistance. After being educated as a lawyer in England, he returned to India and became leader of the Indian National Congress in 1920.", "In 1919, however, he announced a non-violent opposition protest (satyagraha) against the British Raj's anti-sedition Rowlatt Act. Under Rowlatt, the colonial Indian government could arrest suspects without a warrant and jail them without a trial. The Act also curtailed press freedom.", "Subhash Chandra Bose, also known as Netaji, was one of the most prominent leaders of the Indian Independence Movement against the British Raj.", "He was the pre-eminent political and spiritual leader of India during the Indian independence movement . He was the pioneer of satyagraha —resistance to tyranny through mass civil disobedience , which led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. ", "Following his civil disobedience campaign (1919-22), he was jailed for conspiracy (1922-24). In 1930, he led a landmark 320 km/200 mi march to the sea to collect salt in symbolic defiance of the government monopoly. On his release from prison (1931), he attended the London Round Table Conference on Indian constitutional reform. In 1946, he negotiated with the Cabinet Mission which recommended the new constitutional structure. After independence (1947), he tried to stop the Hindu-Muslim conflict in Bengal, a policy which led to his assassination in Delhi by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu fanatic." ]

[ 6.21484375, 6.078125, 6.078125, 4.99609375, 4.390625, 3.56640625, 3.427734375, 3.412109375, 3.296875, 3.060546875, 2.93359375, 2.892578125, 2.259765625, 2.2421875, 1.837890625, 1.298828125, 0.7451171875, 0.69287109375, 0.55615234375, 0.302490234375, -0.3203125, -0.38330078125, -0.626953125, -0.73193359375, -0.92578125, -1.193359375, -1.859375, -2.0859375, -2.23828125, -2.3046875, -2.318359375, -5.28125 ]

[ "2:30 p.m. -- Hutchence's funeral set to take place at St. Andrew's Cathedral in George Street, Sydney. His body is to be cremated.", "On 27 November, Hutchence's coffin was carried out of St. Andrew's Cathedral by members of the band and his younger brother Rhett. \"Never Tear Us Apart\" was played in the background. Nick Cave, a friend of Hutchence, performed his 1997 song \"Into My Arms\" during the funeral and requested that television cameras be switched off. Rhett claimed in his 2004 book, Total XS, that on the previous day at the funeral parlour, Yates had put a gram of heroin into the dead Hutchence's pocket. He was cremated at Northern Suburbs Crematorium, Sydney. ", "Thousands gathered at St Andrew's Cathedral, Sydney, on 26 September 2003 at a state funeral attended by the Prime Minister of Australia, John Howard, and the federal opposition leader, Simon Crean. The Anglican Dean of Sydney, Phillip Jensen paid tribute by leading the congregation of family, statesmen, fans and musicians in the singing of \"A Pub With No Beer\". The funeral featured tributes from Dusty's children as well as words from other national musicians (Peter Garrett and John Williamson) and music from Graeme Connors, Kasey Chambers and Troy Cassar-Daley. Thousands of fans travelled from around Australia to stand outside the cathedral. He was cremated at Northern Suburbs Crematorium, Sydney. ", "In recent decades Sydney has also undergone a major social liberalisation, with huge entertainment and gambling industries. Though there has been a decline in the dominance of Christianity through increased secularisation and the growing presence of an increasingly diverse migrant population, Sydney's two outspoken Archbishops, George Pell (Catholic) and Peter Jensen (Anglican) remain vocal in national debates and the hosting of Catholic World Youth Day 2008, led by Pope Benedict XVI, drew huge crowds of worshipers to the city. An evangelical Christian \"bible belt\" has developed in the north-western suburbs. Buddhist and Muslim communities in particular are growing, but so is irreligiosity. While a grant from the State government permitted the final completion of the spires of St Mary's Cathedral, Sydney in 2000 (the foundation stone was laid in 1868), construction of the present structure of the large Auburn Gallipoli Mosque began in 1986 and at Wollongong, south of Sydney, Nan Tien Temple opened in 1995 as one of the southern hemisphere's largest Buddhist temples. Sydney has gained a reputation for secularism and hedonism, with the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras becoming a world-famous event. Star City Casino opened in the mid-1990s as Sydney's only legal casino.", "A State Memorial Service on 9 November 2010, arranged by Opera Australia, was held at the Sydney Opera House. Speakers at the service were Julia Gillard, Prime Minister of Australia; Professor Marie Bashir, the Governor of New South Wales; Moffatt Oxenbould, the former Artistic Director of Opera Australia; and Sutherland's son, Adam Bonynge. The service was broadcast live by both ABC1 television and ABC Classic FM (radio) and streamed globally by ABC News 24. Further memorial services were held in Westminster Abbey on 15 February 2011, and in New York City on 24 May 2011, which was hosted by Marilyn Horne with an appearance by Richard Bonynge. In attendance were Sherrill Milnes, Norman Ayrton, Regina Resnick, and Spiro Malas.", "Thirteen specially constructed biblical stations were erected around the city of Sydney, Australia, this past July 27 for an observance of the Stations at World Youth Day. They started with the Last Supper at St. Mary’s Cathedral and the agony in the garden at Domain Park and ended in Darling Harbor, where the sunset provided a dramatic backdrop for three crosses erected at the site.", "3.41pm A prayer service for the people of Christchurch is being held this afternoon at St Andrews Cathedral in Sydney. Anglican Archbishop of Sydney Dr Peter Jensen said:", "Her portrait appears on the Australian fifty dollar note, a polymer banknote that was first issued in October 1995. In 1996 a plaque honouring her was placed in St George's Cathedral. There are references to her in the Centenary of Western Australian Women's Suffrage Memorial in Kings Park, and in a tapestry that was hung in King Edward Memorial Hospital in 2000 to honour women involved in the hospital.", "One more thing ... in the city today, at Melbourne on the 6th of September 1997, the day of the Princess of Wales' funeral, there was a beautiful memorial from the people of Melbourne - outside St Paul's Cathedral was a section of grass, at the corner, that had been totally filled with flowers and small notes to farewell the Princess. She meant a lot, not only to the people of the UK, but to many people all over the world. The flowers were a testiment of this... I felt sad, yet moved, at seeing these expressions from the heart.", "The new INXS album, Elegantly Wasted, was released in April 1997. Hutchence and INXS went on a world tour. The final leg of the tour was to be in Australia in November and December. However, on the morning of November 22, 1997, Hutchence, aged 37, was found dead in his room at the Ritz-Carlton hotel in Double Bay, Sydney (now the Stamford Plaza). A belt found at the scene suggested that he had died by hanging.", "Sydney is the largest city in Australia, with a metropolitan area population of approximately 4.34 million (2008 estimate). It is the state capital of New South Wales, and was the site of the first British colony in Australia. Situated on an inlet of the Tasman Sea, Sydney is built on low hills surrounding Port Jackson. It was established in 1788 at Sydney Cove by Arthur Phillip, commodore of the First Fleet from Britain. A resident of the city is referred to colloquially as a Sydneysider. Sydney is situated on Australia's south-east coast. The city is built around Port Jackson, which includes Sydney Harbour, leading to the city's nickname, \"the Harbour City\". The city is home to the iconic Sydney Opera House, Harbour Bridge and its beaches. The metropolitan area is surrounded by national parks, and contains many bays, rivers and inlets. Sydney is considered an alpha+ world city, listed by the Loughborough University group's 2008 inventory and ranked 16th among global cities by Foreign Policy's 2008 Global Cities Index. The main airport serving Sydney is Kingsford Smith International Airport, commonly referred to as Sydney Airport. Sydney is one of the most multicultural cities in the world, which reflects its role as a major destination for immigrants to Australia. Sydney ranks among the top 10 most livable cities in the world according to Mercer Human Resource Consulting and The Economist.", "Menzies was accorded a state funeral, held in Scots' Church, Melbourne on 19 May at which Prince Charles represented the Queen. Other dignitaries to attend included current and former Prime Ministers of Australia Malcolm Fraser, John McEwen, John Gorton and William McMahon as well as the Governor General of Australia, Sir Zelman Cowan. Former Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom Alec Douglas-Home and Harold Wilson also attended.", "Sydney ( /sɪdni/)[3] is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia. It is located on Australia's south-east coast of the Tasman Sea. As of June 2010, the greater metropolitan area had an approximate population of 4.6 million people.[1] Inhabitants of Sydney are called Sydneysiders, comprising a cosmopolitan and international population.[4]", "In March the first woman Chief Judge, Mahla Pearlman, was appointed to the Land and Environment Court of NSW. Premier Greiner resigned in June following an Independent Commission Against Corruption inquiry into the appointment of a member of Parliament to a public service position. John Fahey was selected as his replacement. The Government Insurance Office (GIO) was floated in July. The Sydney Harbour Tunnel was opened in August. In December, the first women were ordained in the Anglican Church in NSW.", "Sydney is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania. Located on Australia's east coast, the metropolis surrounds the world's largest natural harbour, and sprawls towards the Blue Mountains to the west. Residents of Sydney are known as \"Sydneysiders\". Sydney is the second official seat and second official residence of the Governor-General of Australia and the Prime Minister of Australia.", "Sydney /ˈsɪdni/ [6] is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania . [7] Located on Australia's east coast, the metropolis surrounds the world's largest natural harbour , and sprawls towards the Blue Mountains to the west. [8] Residents of Sydney are known as \"Sydneysiders\". Sydney is the second official seat, and second official residence, of the Governor-General of Australia , the Prime Minister of Australia and the Cabinet of Australia .", "On 9 February, a memorial service attended by several hundred invited guests was held at Penrhos College , attracting considerable press attention; afterward Ledger's body was cremated at Fremantle Cemetery , followed by a private service attended by only 10 closest family members, [127] [128] [129] with his ashes interred later in a family plot at Karrakatta Cemetery , next to two of his grandparents. [126] [130] [131] Later that night, his family and friends gathered for a wake on Cottesloe Beach . [132] [133] [134]", "Melbourne  is the state capital of Victoria in Australia . It is with 3.37 million inhabitants (2006) for Sydney ‘s second largest city of the Australian continent . In the metropolitan area ( Melbourne Statistical Division ) live 4.08 million people (2006).  The people of Melbourne are called in English “Melburnians”.  in Melbourne in 1837 after the then British Prime Minister Lord Melbourne named and is a Catholic and an Anglican archbishop’s seat.", "A song on INXS' album Switch called \" God's Top Ten \" pays tribute to Michael and his daughter, Tiger Lily. Another song, \" Afterglow ,\" pays tribute to Hutchence alone.", "Hutchence was born in Sydney, son of Kelland (\"Kell\") and Patricia Hutchence, but was subsequently raised in Hong Kong. He began performing at the age of eight in a local toy store commercial. He attended King George V School during his early teens.", "There is a Speakers' Corner in the Domain in Sydney, established in 1878. The speakers talk every Sunday afternoon from 2 pm until 5 pm, and have a website. Official outdoor \"free\" speech first appeared in the hustings and hanging grounds of Hyde Park Sydney in 1874. Free speech in this form was banned following a serious riot between Catholics and Orangemen. However, following the formalisation of free speech in Speakers' Corner in London it was decided in 1878 that The Domain would be the place for free speech in Sydney.", "Church Street takes its name from St John's Cathedral (Anglican), which was built in 1803 and is the oldest church in Parramatta. While the present building is not the first on the site, the towers were built during the time of Governor Macquarie, and were based on those of the church at Reculver, England, at the suggestion of his wife, Elizabeth. The historic St John's Cemetery is located nearby on O'Connell Street. ", "Australia has no established Church and its constitution guarantees freedom of worship. Although the majority of the population characterizes itself as Christian, most individuals are not active in that faith and Australian society is predominantly secular. The largest Christian denominations are the Roman Catholic and Anglican churches, with about 24 per cent of the total population Anglican and 27 per cent Catholic. Over 25 per cent more belong to other Christian denominations, predominantly Nonconformist and Protestant, but also including Eastern Orthodox communities. There are small Jewish, Buddhist, and Muslim communities. The number of Buddhists and Muslims has increased sharply since the 1970s, in keeping with changing immigration patterns.", "On 18 March 2007, the Sydney Harbour Bridge celebrated its 75th anniversary. The occasion was marked with a ribbon-cutting ceremony by the governor, Marie Bashir and the premier of New South Wales, Morris Iemma. The bridge was subsequently open to the public to walk southward from Milsons Point or North Sydney. Several major roads, mainly in the CBD, were closed for the day. An Aboriginal smoking ceremony was held at 7 pm.", "The City Centre has hosted a number of events of significance, which include: the 1901 inauguration of the Government of Australia, 1956 Summer Olympic Games, 1981 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting, 1995 World Police and Fire Games, 2000 World Economic Forum, 2006 Commonwealth Games, 2015 Cricket World Cup and G20 Ministerial Meeting - among others. It is also recognised for the substantial number of cultural and sports events and festivals it holds annually – many being the largest in Australia and the World.", "Rudd and his family attend the Anglican church of St John the Baptist in Bulimba in his electorate. Although raised a Roman Catholic, Rudd was actively involved in the Evangelical Union while studying at the Australian National University, and he began attending Anglican services in the 1980s with his wife. In December 2009, Rudd attended a Catholic Mass to commemorate the canonisation of Mary MacKillop at which he received Holy Communion. Rudd's actions provoked criticism and debate among both among political and religious circles. A report by The Australian quoted that Rudd embraced Anglicanism but at the same time did not formally renounce his Catholic faith. ", "Paying tribute to Elizabeth II as Queen of Australia in the House of Representatives on 6 February 2012, Prime Minister of Australia Julia Gillard stated the Queen was a revered figure in Australia. Gillard also announced that she would on 4 June light a beacon atop Parliament House and that a street in the parliamentary triangle in Canberra would be renamed Queen Elizabeth Terrace. Meanwhile, Western Australian Premier Colin Barnett announced on 28 May that a new waterfront development in Perth would be named Elizabeth Quay in the Queen's honour.", "Blessed Mary MacKillop, cofounder of the Sisters of St Joseph in Australia, was declared the patron of Brisbane archdiocese in May. August 8 is her feast day and the centenary of he death, and parishes in Brisbane archdiocese are celebrating the feast at Sunday Masses this weekend. Assistant congregational leader of the Josephites SR EILEEN LENIHAN reflects on the life of Mary MacKillop and her impact", "In relations with the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth, Gillard represented Australia at the Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton in London in April 2011 and hosted the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) in Perth in October of that year. The Perth CHOGM saw the historic announcement, by Gillard and British Prime Minister David Cameron, of changes to the succession laws regarding to thrones of the Commonwealth realms, overturning rules privileging male over female heirs to the line of succession and removing a ban on Roman Catholic consorts. At the CHOGM, Gillard also hosted Queen Elizabeth II, for what was suggested to be the Monarch's final visit to Australia, due to her age. ", "The Australian Parliament suspended debate yesterday to hear eulogies. Arrangements for state memorial ceremonies began, and flags were lowered in hamlets and suburbs across the Australian continent.", "The mausoleum of Lachlan Macquarie, Governor of New South Wales from 1809 to 1822, and known as \"The Father of Australia\", may be found near his old patrimonial estate in the village of Gruline. Macquarie had been born on the nearby island of Ulva, ancient seat of clan MacQuarrie.", "* September 5 – New South Wales State MP for Cabramatta John Newman is shot outside his home, in Australia's first political assassination since 1977." ]

[ 6.859375, 4.83984375, 0.74072265625, -1.2109375, -1.462890625, -1.85546875, -2.208984375, -4.515625, -4.5703125, -5.07421875, -5.33984375, -5.609375, -6.14453125, -6.26171875, -6.4375, -6.70703125, -7.0078125, -7.29296875, -7.546875, -7.8984375, -8.140625, -8.15625, -9.2109375, -9.328125, -9.4453125, -9.6796875, -10.1015625, -10.515625, -10.5234375, -10.671875, -10.671875, -10.9765625 ]

[ "The Little Foxes is a 1939 play by Lillian Hellman, considered a classic of 20th century drama. Its title comes from Chapter 2, Verse 15 of the Song of Solomon in the King James version of the Bible, which reads, \"Take us the foxes, the little foxes, that spoil the vines: for our vines have tender grapes.\" Set in a small town in Alabama in 1900, it focuses on the struggle for control of a family business. Tallulah Bankhead starred in the original production as Regina Hubbard Giddens.", "The Little Foxes is a classic of 20th century American drama. Written by Lillian Hellman, the play premiered on Broadway in 1939 starring Tallulah Bankhead as the lead part, Regina Giddens. The play has since been revived on Broadway in 1967 starring Anne Bancroft, 1981 starring Elizabeth Taylor, and 1997 starring Stockard Channing. The 2017 revival, a Manhattan Theater Club production, takes the star power offered by this play one step further: the lead roles of Regina Giddens and her sister-in-law, Birdie Hubbard, are played by two actresses – Cynthia Nixon and Laura Linney – in repertory. The two actresses switch off playing the two roles each night.  The director of this production is Daniel Sullivan, who has previously worked with both ladies before: in 2006, Sullivan directed Nixon in the MTC production of Rabbit Hole, and in 2010, Sullivan directed Linney in the MTC production of Time Stands Still.  In addition, Sullivan has directed Sylvia, The Country House, The Snow Geese, Orphans, Glengarry Glen Ross, The Columnist, Good People, and many more. Laura Linney has appeared on Broadway many times since her debut in the 1991 production of Six Degrees of Separation, with other credits including Les Liaisons Dangereuses, Sight Unseen, The Crucible, and Uncle Vanya. Nixon has also appeared on Broadway regularly since 1980, with credits such as The Real Thing, Wit, Two Women, and The Last Night of Ballyhoo.", "Regina Giddens, the tactical, new-money Clytemnestra at the fulcrum of Lillian Hellman's High Left melodrama The Little Foxes, is more or less iconically synonymous with Bette Davis, star of the 1941 film version. (Tallulah Bankhead originated the role onstage.) Davis's Regina — archetypally “southern,” dangerously composed — barely needed to move to rule the movie. She’s like some possessed armoire out of Lovecraft, handsome and impregnable, looming in and out of scenes as if by levitation. Those famous flashing eyes did all the heavy lifting. And, needless to say, Bette Davis? Did not snort.", "Hellman’s melodrama is, among other things, a showcase for a towering actress. When the flamboyant Tallulah Bankhead originated the role on Broadway, in 1939, Brooks Atkinson wrote, in the Times, “Sometimes our Tallulah walks buoyantly through a part without much feeling for the whole design. But as the malevolent lady of ‘The Little Foxes,’ she plays with superb command . . . constantly aware of the poisonous spirit within.” When Bette Davis agreed to play Regina in William Wyler’s deep and eerie 1941 screen adaptation, she insisted that she had nothing to add to what Bankhead had done with the part. But her director did. Wyler made Davis look like a construction. He buttoned her up in close-fitting shirts and high collars, then hemmed her in with closeups in which she had a Kabuki pallor, her spoiled rosebud of a mouth puckering out of her white face. It was these constrictions that allowed Davis to explode so forcefully, and with such calculated contempt, especially in Regina’s final, chilling conversation with her ailing husband:", "William Wyler directed Davis for the third time in Lillian Hellman's The Little Foxes (RKO, 1941), but they clashed over the character of Regina Giddens, a role originally played on Broadway by Tallulah Bankhead (coincidentally, Davis had portrayed in film roles initiated by Bankhead on the stage twice before, in Dark Victory and Jezebel). Wyler encouraged Davis to emulate Bankhead's interpretation of the role, but Davis wanted to make the role her own. She received another Academy Award nomination for her performance, and never worked with Wyler again.", "This prequel to The Little Foxes had a respectable Broadway run. It won a Tony for its Regina, Patricia Neal. It was also filmed with Frederick March as the Hubbard pater familias, Dan Duryea and Edmond O'Brien as his scheming sons and Ann Blyth as Regina. The film's stellar cast notwithstanding, you'll have a hard time tracking it down as a DVD.", "In 1967, she made her Broadway debut in Lillian Hellman's The Little Foxes. Her performance was praised by Clive Barnes in a review published in The New York Times. Barnes noted that Chaplin \"acts with spirit and force,\" all the while \"acting with a magnificently raw-voiced sincerity\" in what was a performance of \"surprising power.\" ", "Originated the female lead in Clifford Odets \"Clash by Night\" on Broadway. The role was taken by Barbara Stanwyck in the movie Clash by Night. She also originated the Broadway lead in \"Reflected Glory\", which became a Joan Crawford vehicle, and \"Dark Victory\" and \"The Little Foxes\", both which became Bette Davis vehicles to her chagrin.", "Ellen Greene (born February 22, 1951) is an American singer and actress. She has appeared in film, television, theater, and cabaret. Among her best known roles including originating the role of Audrey in the stage version of \"Little Shop of Horrors\" off-Broadway in 1982 and the subsequent 1986 film adaptation. She also appeared in a Broadway productions of \"The Threepenny Opera\".", "The New York City Center Encores! semi-staged concert version starring Tyne Daly , Walter Charles, and Melissa Errico was presented in February 1995.[3] A regional production ran at the Paper Mill Playhouse, Millburn, New Jersey, in April–May 1996 and starred Leslie Uggams.[4] Other major productions have starred Constance Bennett, Joanne Worley and Karen Morrow.", "A famous bearer is American stage actress Jennifer Laura Thompson (born December 5, 1969). She has originated many roles in Broadway productions, such as Ariel Moore in the \"Footloose\" as well as Hope Cladwell in \"Urinetown\". She is perhaps best known as Kristin Chenoweth's replacement in the role of Glinda in the Broadway production of \"Wicked\", having played the role from July 2004 until May 2005.", "One of the best-known American productions was Joseph Papp 's 1980 staging of Alice in Concert at the Public Theater in New York City. Meryl Streep played Alice, the White Queen, and Humpty Dumpty. The cast also included Debbie Allen , Michael Jeter , and Mark Linn-Baker . Performed on a bare stage with the actors in modern dress, the play is a loose adaptation, with song styles ranging the globe. Elizabeth Swados wrote the book, lyrics, and music. Based on both Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass, Papp and Swados had previously produced a version of it at the New York Shakespeare Festival .", "From the mid-1970s on, Cook returned only sporadically to acting, mostly in occasional studio cast and live concert versions of stage musicals. In September 1985 she appeared with the New York Philharmonic as Sally in the renowned concert version of Stephen Sondheim's Follies. In 1986, she recorded the role of Martha in the Sharon Burgett musical version of The Secret Garden along with John Cullum, Judy Kaye, and George Rose. In 1987 she performed the role of Julie Jordan in a concert version of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Carousel with Samuel Ramey as Billy, Sarah Brightman as Carrie, and the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, and she won the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding One-Person Show for A Concert for the Theatre. In 1988 she originated the role of Margaret White in the ill-fated musical version of Stephen King's Carrie, which premiered in England and was presented by the Royal Shakespeare Company. In 1994, she provided both her acting and singing skills to the animated film version of Thumbelina which featured music by Barry Manilow. That same year she was inducted into the American Theatre Hall of Fame.", "Throughout her career she also remained a versatile and popular stage performer, often appearing in musicals such as Gentleman Prefer Blondes (1962) and Hello, Dolly! (1966–68). She also headlined a number of stage revues such as The Dora Bryan Show (1966), \"My Name Is Dora\" (1967) and An Evening with Dora Bryan and Friends (1968). She made her Broadway debut as Mrs. Pierce in Pygmalion (1987), starring Peter O'Toole and Amanda Plummer. Other notable credits include her first Shakespearean role, Mistress Quickly in The Merry Wives of Windsor (1984), Mrs. Hardcastle in She Stoops to Conquer (1985) and Carlotta Campion (singing \"I'm Still Here\") in the 1987 London production of the Stephen Sondheim-James Goldman musical Follies. In 1992 she toured the country including appearing at the Theatre Royal, Brighton, her home town, and starred in London's West End at the Vaudeville Theatre in Kander and Ebb's 70 Girls 70 to great acclaim. At this time she joked with Terry Wogan and Michael Barrymore on their TV shows that she was aged not 70 but \"sixty-several\" and could still kick her leg higher than her head, which brought much audience laughter. She appeared in the 1994 revival of Harold Pinter's The Birthday Party. ", "Olivier Award-winning actress Sheridan Smith stars as Fanny Brice, following in the footsteps of world-famous songstress Barbra Streisand. Smith has extensive stage and screen credits, and is the recipient of an Olivier Award for her performances in Legally Blonde and Flare Path. Her appearances on stage include A Midsummer Night’s Dream at the Noel Coward and Hedda Gabler at the Old Vic Theatre, as well as Little Shop of Horrors and Into the Woods. Film and television credits include Mrs Biggs, Cilla, The C Word, The 7:39, Jonathan Creek and Gavin and Stacey.", "The seven-month-long 1990 American tour acknowledged the ending of the Cold War. The tour starred Carolee Carmello, John Herrera, and Stephen Bogardus and was staged by Des McAnuff. Playwright Robert Coe worked with McAnuff on revising the show, mostly using the Nelson script and restoring most of the original song order from the British version of the musical and deleting the new songs written for the American version. A UK tour starring Rebecca Storm and mostly based on the London production, was a bigger success.", "Millicent Mary Lillian Martin (born 8 June 1934) is an English actress, singer and comedian, who was the resident singer of topical songs on the weekly BBC Television satire show That Was The Week That Was (1962–63). For her work on Broadway, she received Tony Award nominations for Side by Side by Sondheim (1977) and King of Hearts (1978), both for Best Featured Actress in a Musical. Other television roles include her recurring role as Gertrude Moon on the NBC sitcom Frasier (2000–03).", "Over the years, as Natasha easily made the transition - as British actresses do - among TV, movies, and stage, there was nothing she couldn’t do. She had a huge run on Broadway in the mid-'90s with \"Anna Christie,\" \"CLoter,\" (she originated the Julia Roberts movie role), \"Streetcar Named Desire,\" and finally a huge success in \"Cabaret,\" for which she won the 1998 Tony Award playing Sally Bowles.", "She made her stage debut at the age of 3 playing Little Willie in East Lynne. She studied at RADA and appeared in a series of West End revues: GOOD INTENTION, LOOK WHO'S HERE and AND ANOTHER THING. She was 26 when STOP THE WORLD came to Broadway. She won the Tony Award for her versatility and comic ability in the multiple roles in this show. The Internet Movie Database lists her film appearances as:", "Minor roles in King of the Gypsies and 1941 led to a co-starring role with Tom Skerritt in the vigilante crimer Fighting Back . Continuing to show off her singing prowess, she originated the role of Fantine in the London production of \"Les Misérables\" and became the first American to win the prestigious Olivier Award (for her work in both \"Les Miz\" and \"The Cradle Will Rock\") in 1985. She nabbed a second Drama Desk Award and another Tony nomination for her Reno Sweeney in \"Anything Goes\" (1987).", "Her other films from this period include The Assassination Bureau (1969), Julius Caesar (1970), The Hospital (1971), Theatre of Blood (1973), In This House of Brede (1975) (based on the book by Rumer Godden) and A Little Night Music (1977). She appeared as the title character in The Marquise (1980), a television adaptation of play by Noël Coward. In 1981 she appeared in a Yorkshire Television production of Hedda Gabler in the title role, and as Lady Holiday in the film The Great Muppet Caper (1981). The following year she received acclaim for her performance as Arlena Marshall in the film adaptation of Agatha Christie's Evil Under the Sun, sharing barbs with her character's old rival, played by Maggie Smith.", "Theatre includes: Maria understudied and played Glinda and Nessarose in Wicked (Apollo Victoria), Marie in Nutcracker! The Musical (Pleasance Theatre), Catherine in Gatsby (Arts Theatre), Anne Egerman in A Little Night Music (Ye Olde Rose and Crown), Talia in Pierced (Leicester Square Theatre), Maid Marion in Robin Hood (Theatre Royal, Plymouth), Magenta and understudied Janet and Columbia in The Rocky Horror Show (40th Anniversary UK Tour), Martha in Spring Awakening (Broadway Theatre), Pocahontas/Jasmine in Disney’s Believe (Disney Creative Entertainment, USA) Young Maid in Bernarda Alba (Union Theatre), Crazy For You (London Palladium) and Narrator in Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat (UK Tour).", "During World War II Lenya sang on stage and performed on Voice of America. After being coaxed back on stage after her husband's death, she appeared on Broadway in Barefoot in Athens and married writer George Davis. In 1954 she won a Tony Award for her role as Jenny in Marc Blitzstein's English version of Die Dreigroschenoper, The Threepenny Opera.", "Tony Award-winning actress: Sweet Bird of Youth [1976], Tiny Alice [1965]; Lost in Yonkers; died Mar 10, 2002", "She was a lead performer with Cabaret's Kit Kat Club at \"Carnegie Hall Live\" in My Favorite Broadway: The Leading Ladies (1999) (TV). She also had the privilege of working with director Scott Ellis and choreographer Susan Stroman at the New York City Opera House with Jeremy Irons amongst many more celebrity status actors, playing the role of \"Fredrika\" in \"A Little Night Music\".", "Anna is an actress, singer and dancer who discovered her love of performance at age 9 after auditioning for a local youth theater company. Anna has since appeared in numerous theater productions portraying many iconic characters such as Belle in \"Beauty and the Beast\" and Ariel in \"The Little Mermaid.\"", "Ann Harada, who currently stars as Charlotte in Broadway's Cinderella , was a replacement for the role of Madame Thénardier in the 2006 revival of Les Miz. She has also been seen on Broadway in M. Butterfly, Seussical, Avenue Q and 9 to 5 . Harada also played Linda the stage manager on the NBC musical drama \"Smash.\"", "\"Little Women\" opened on Broadway in January and closed on May 22. It received only one Tony Award nomination - for the actress who played Jo. Although it is based upon one of the most famous novels in American literature, the musical is hardly known. Perhaps this national tour, which began in September and will hit 30 cities, will expose it to a larger audience that will appreciate its many charms.", "The Rise and Fall of Little Voice is a 1992 play written by English dramatist Jim Cartwright. Sam Mendes directed stars Jane Horrocks and Alison Steadman at the Royal National Theatre before transferring to the Aldwych Theatre in London's West End.", "Opera includes: Queen of the Night in The Magic Flute, Elvira in L’Italiana in Algeri, Elena in Il Capello di Paglia di Firenze and Princess in Puss-in-boots (Portuguese National Opera Theatre), Kristin in Julie (Teatro Comunale di Bolzano, Italy), Fifth Maid in Elektra (Modena, Ferrara, Piacenza and Bolzano Opera Houses, Italy), Alice, the trapeze artist, in Circus Tricks (Tête-a-Tête Opera Festival, London), Die Drei Pintos and Princess Hirvaia in Offenbach’s Dick Whittington and his Cat (Bloomsbury), Flaminia in Il Mondo della Luna (Opera East), Adina in L’Elisir d’amore (Swansea City Opera), Sofia in Il Signor Bruschino (Opéra National de Bordeaux), Susanna in The Marriage of Figaro (Teatro da Trindade, Lisbon), Despina in Cosi fan Tutte (Teatro Rivoli, Oporto) and Madame Siberklang in Der Schauspieldirektor (International Music Festival of Algarve).", "Jim Cartwright’s 1992 Olivier award-winning play, The Rise and Fall of Little Voice, depicts the life of the incredibly shy and reclusive Little Voice, who finds comfort in her late father’s records as she hides away from her loud, overbearing and self-involved mother, Mari. When local club agent Ray Say begins dating Mari, he discovers a hidden talent in Little Voice, who, having been hidden away in her room for years, has perfected her vocals and impressions, and he is set on making her into a success.", "Real people. Finely structured storytelling. A historical setting. Songs that reveal character but don't always spell everything out. No wonder \"Little Women,\" which opened Tuesday night in a national touring production at the Cadillac Palace Theatre, will never have the kind of box-office receipts of that other Broadway-bred musical about girls, \"Wicked.\"" ]

[ 6.6328125, 5.9375, 5.02734375, 3.921875, 3.630859375, 2.80859375, -0.1063232421875, -1.8583984375, -4.18359375, -4.51171875, -4.86328125, -5.21484375, -5.25390625, -5.3203125, -5.76171875, -5.84375, -5.8984375, -6.51953125, -6.9765625, -7.4921875, -7.5078125, -7.5703125, -7.8203125, -8.5390625, -8.6953125, -8.828125, -9.1875, -9.2109375, -9.34375, -9.3984375, -10.34375, -10.71875 ]

[ "In 1996 he was named successor to fashion designer John Galliano as the new chief designer at Givenchy.", "After retiring in 1995, Hubert de Givenchy was succeeded by young British designers. On January 1st 1996, John Galliano is appointed as head designer of Givenchy�s haute couture and ready-to-wear lines. On October 14th 1997, John Galliano departs for Dior and is replaced at the helm of Givenchy by fellow British Designer of the Year and enfant terrible Alexander McQueen.", "There was a stir when he was made head designer at Givenchy in 1996, succeeding John Galliano.", "Lee Alexander McQueen CBE (1969 – 2010) was born in Lewisham, London. He was a fashion designer and couturier best known for his in-depth knowledge of bespoke British tailoring, his tendency to juxtapose strength with fragility in his collections, as well as the emotional power and raw energy of his provocative fashion shows. He worked as chief designer at Givenchy from 1996 to 2001 and founded his own label under the name Alexander McQueen. His achievements have earned four British designer of the year awards (1996, 1997, 2001 and 2003), as well as the CFDA’s international designer of the year award in 2003.", "Lee Alexander McQueen (1969-2010) worked as chief designer for Givenchy from 1996 before founding his own label in 2001. Known for using shock tactics on the catwalk, he dressed world figures such as Mikhail Gorbachev and Prince Charles and actresses such as Penelope Cruz and Nicole Kidman. The illustrated dress is ‘Black Raven’, from his 2009 collection.", "In July 1995, he was appointed as the designer of Givenchy by Bernard Arnault, owner of luxury goods conglomerate LVMH, thus becoming the first British designer to head a French haute couture house. On 21 January 1996, Galliano presented his first couture show at the helm of Givenchy at the Stade de France. The collection received high praise within the fashion media. Some of Galliano's designs for Givenchy were licensed to Vogue Patterns. He was later replaced by Alexander McQueen.", "Born November 28, 1960 in Gibraltar, United Kingdom John Galliano was head designer of French haute couture houses Givenchy (July 1995 to October 1996) and Christian Dior (October 1996 to March 2011). Creating designs with a historical influence, Galliano produces six couture and ready-to-wear collections a year and a new mid-season range under his own name \"G Galliano\". Photo: Reuters", "January 1996, Galliano presented his first couture show at the helm of Givenchy at the Stade de France. The collection received high praise within the fashion media.[citation needed] Some of Galliano’s designs for Givenchy were licensed to Vogue Patterns.[15] Dior[edit] Galliano ballgowns designed for Dior as exhibited in Moscow, 2011 Galliano dior newspaper dress at the ROM. Donated by Kara Alloway. See also: Spring 2004 Dior couture collection In October 1996, LVMH moved Galliano to Christian Dior, replacing Italian designerGianfranco Ferré.[16] In 2010, Galliano identified his love of theatre and femininity as central to his", "In less than 10 years McQueen became one of the most respected fashion designers in the world. In October 1996 he was appointed chief designer at the French label Givenchy where he worked until March 2001.", "Upon Galliano’s appointment as designer in chief at Dior fashion house in 1996, the luxury-goods conglomerate Louis Vuitton Möet Hennessy (LVMH) bought Galliano’s company from Bult. Bernard Arnault , head of LMVH, which owned both Givenchy and Dior, hoped that the then 36-year-old Galliano would attract a younger clientele , not only to couture but also to the seasonal ready-to-wear lines produced by both houses. Indeed, the arrival of Galliano heralded a fresh start for the beleaguered reputation of haute couture and, as designer in chief of two fashion houses, Galliano enjoyed an unrivaled position among British designers. He confessed, however, that Dior’s New Look—an ensemble that paired jackets with padded shoulders and ample ankle-length skirts—was closer to his own aesthetic than were the conservative linear designs of Givenchy.", "From 1996 to 2001, he was chief fashion designer for the French couture house Givenchy. In 2000, his Alexander McQueen label was bought by the Gucci group; he was the group's creative director.", "When  Gianfranco Ferré left  Christian Dior , Galliano replaced him. With this an upheaval happened in the fashion world; Alexander McQueen went to Givenchy, Michael Kors went to  Celine ,  Stella McCartney  took over at  Chloé ,  Marc Jacobs  moved to  Louis Vuitton  and Alber Elbaz went to Guy Laroche and then onto  Yves Saint Laurent , head of the ready to wear collections while Laurent concentrated on the couture. The Nineties saw the public wanting to buy into the lifestyles the designer brands perceived, they wanted the perfumes, makeup and clothes of the designer. Designers  Dries Van Noten ,  Martin Margiela  and Ann Demeulemeester encompassed a new brand of designers helping Belgium being taking seriously for fashion.", "Galliano struggled financially for years, still producing work intermiently, until he met and gained the support of American Vogue editor-in-chief Anna Wintour and Vogue’s creative director for the American edition, Andre Leon Talley. These high-powered connectors introduced him to the Portuguese fashion patron Saõ Schlumberger. To regain his footing, Schlumberger loaned him her house for a fashion show, and several top models worked for free. He designed the entire collection from one bolt of fabric. Schlumberger’s adoration brought several new financiers to the fore. As a result, Galliano was appointed head designer of Givenchy in 1995, thus becoming the first British designer to head a French haute couture house. In two year's time, he moved to Christian Dior.", "* British Designer of the Year (1987, 1994, 1995, 1997). In 1997, he shared the award with Alexander McQueen, his successor at Givenchy.", "He staged his first couture show for the luxury brand in January 1997, the same time the label was celebrating its 50th anniversary. The same year also saw Galliano gain recognition after being declared British Designer of the Year, although he had to share the award with Alexander McQueen, his successor at Givenchy. This was the fourth time he had won the accolade, having triumphed in 1987, 1994 and 1995.", "The designer worked for Dior since 1996. The brand's runway show is expected to be held in Paris on Friday. According to the Telegraph , \"Bookmakers Paddy Power have already opened a book on who will succeed Galliano as Dior's creative director, with current Yves Saint Laurent designer Stefano Pilati the 11/8 favourite, followed by ex Yves Saint Laurent and Dior Homme designer, Hedi Slimane, at 9/4.\" But the Guardian names Givenchy Creative Director Riccardo Tisci as the front-runner among fashion circles.", "he worked as chief designer at givenchy from 1996 to 2001 and founded his own label under", "Still, his technical virtuosity and knack for making fashion headlines attracted the attention of Arnault, who tapped him in 1995 to succeed Hubert de Givenchy upon his retirement, moving the British designer to Dior a year later. “Mr. Arnault is a true visionary to put someone like myself in my position,” Galliano told WWD in an interview in 2007. “Many houses have copied that since.”", "Yves Henri Donat Mathieu-Saint-Laurent (; 1 August 1936 – 1 June 2008), known as Yves Saint Laurent, was a French fashion designer, and is regarded as one of the greatest names in fashion history. In 1985, Caroline Rennolds Milbank wrote, \"The most consistently celebrated and influential designer of the past twenty-five years, Yves Saint Laurent can be credited with both spurring the couture's rise from its sixties ashes and with finally rendering ready-to-wear reputable.\" He is also credited with having introduced the tuxedo suit for women and was known for his use of non-European cultural references, and non-white models. ", "Givenchy is a French luxury fashion house founded in 1952. The company has established an impressive combination of French elegance and American glamour. The brand offers Haute Couture clothing, accessories and perfumes favored by many celebrities since the 1950s. The most emphatic example of its style and class is embodied in the look of the actress Audrey Hepburn. Givenchy’s first perfume, created in 1957, was inspired by the actress and is followed by very successful and luxury fragrances for both women and men.", "For 43 years, Hubert de Givenchy has been the perfect gentleman of couture. He has dressed a clientele from young debutante to dowager in styles elegant, pure, sculptural, refreshing, lady-like and addictive. His clients are women for whom elegance is everything. Givenchy is the last bastion of quality. Clean and minimalist sportswear with unusual detailing, jersey dresses with adaptable necklines, zippered jackets, lean pants, and for evening liquid gowns and light cashmere coats.", "John Galliano is best known for the bold and dramatic creations he presented at the couture show for Givenchy at the Stade de France, and the Haute Couture and ready-to-wear collections he designed for Dior. Some of Galliano's designs for Givenchy were licensed to Vogue Patterns.", "Givenchy is a luxury French brand of haute couture clothing, accessories and, as Parfums Givenchy, perfumes and cosmetics.", "On the advice of Cristóbal Balenciaga, Givenchy developed his licences in the seventies, in order to protect the heart of the fashion house: the Haute Couture collections. In 1971, he designed a collection of embroidered coats in honour of Georges Braque and Joan Miró.", "Givenchy achieved critical acclaim with Vogue magazine praising his \"wonderful first collection\"14. The collection’s iconic piece was the Bettina Blouse a white shirt named in honour of Bettina Graziani, which was then immortablized by one of Gruau’s paintings.", "(Photo : Antonio de Moraes Barros Filho/FilmMagic) Uma Thurman attens the Givenchy show as a part of Spring 2016 New York Fashion Week on September 11, 2015 in New York City.", "In 2011, John Galliano received a high profile dismissal from Dior preceding a trial in Paris during which he was found guilty of using anti-Semitic insults in a Paris bar. After months of rumors of who was to take over the helm of the esteemed label, it was finally confirmed in April 2012 that Raf Simons, who left his post as creative director of Jil Sander in February, has taken the place of John Galliano at the house. The designer will show his first collection for Dior during Couture Week in July 2012, and will hold the official title of \"artistic director.\" When Simons' name was initially linked to the role last year, the industry had been surprised, since he is renowned for his trend-setting minimalistic designs for Jil Sander, a stark contrast with Mr. Galliano's flamboyant signature aesthetic.", "* 2004: Givenchy – a Japanese style manga style animation at his debut show as Creative Director for Givenchy. ", "Bailey, was born in Yorkshire, the son of a carpenter and a window dresser for Marks and Spencer. He graduated from the Royal College of Art with a master's degree in 1994, and later received an honorary fellowship in 2004 and, in 2013, an honorary doctorate. From 1994 to 1996 he was the womenswear designer at Donna Karan and senior designer of womenswear at Gucci in Milan from 1996 to 2001. He joined Burberry in May 2001 as design director and became creative director in 2004, and chief creative officer in November 2009. ", "In 1954, Hubert de Givenchy presented the first shirt dress (which later evolved in to a sack dress in 1957). He was the first high fashion designer to create a luxury ready-to-wear clothing line, called \"Givenchy Université\", which was produced in Paris using machinery imported from the United States. Before he was able to sign for this new collection, Hubert de Givenchy bought all the shares of his fashion house back from Louis Fontaine.", "One of fashion’s most controversial and creative talents, John Galliano made his much-anticipated return to fashion, following his appointment as creative director of Maison Margiela. Galliano currently oversees the design of all Margiela lines, including couture and women’s ready-to-wear. He debuted his first designs for the house during Paris Couture Week in January 2015.", "In 1997 he produced four haute couture collections for Givenchy and two fashion collections for his own label." ]

[ 7.85546875, 7.375, 6.89453125, 4.83203125, 4.5390625, 4.31640625, 3.67578125, 3.060546875, 3.013671875, 2.623046875, 1.3662109375, 0.76904296875, 0.003383636474609375, -0.08673095703125, -0.0894775390625, -0.100830078125, -0.69140625, -0.830078125, -2.9453125, -3.25, -3.49609375, -3.732421875, -4.15625, -4.25390625, -4.828125, -5.55859375, -5.57421875, -6.61328125, -6.82421875, -6.984375, -7.09375, -7.3046875 ]

[ "Lily Tomlin has only been nominated for a single Oscar, 39 years ago for Nashville. She did not get a supporting nod for Flirting with Disaster (she should have).  She was not nominated for Short Cuts nor for I Heart Huckabees.  Jane Fonda has been nominated seven times and won twice.  She was nominated 6 times for lead actress and 1 time for supporting. Still, it has been twenty years since Jane Fonda was up for Oscar consideration with The Morning After. Fonda and Tomlin starred together in Nine to Five, a memorable, iconic film that earned a single Oscar nomination for Best Song.", "Jane Fonda (born Jayne Seymour Fonda; December 21, 1937) is an American actress, writer, political activist, former fashion model and fitness guru. She is a two-time Academy Award winner and two time BAFTA Award winner. In 2014, she was the recipient of the American Film Institute AFI Life Achievement Award.", "Jane Fonda (nominated seven times with two Best Actress wins), and Peter Fonda as Best Actor for Ulee's Gold (1997)", "Jane Seymour Fonda (born December 21, 1937) is an Academy Award-winning American actress, model, writer, producer and political activist.", "Throughout six decades in Hollywood, Fonda cultivated a strong, appealing screen image in such classics as The Ox-Bow Incident, Mister Roberts and 12 Angry Men. Later, Fonda moved both toward darker epics such as Sergio Leone's Once Upon a Time in the West and lighter roles in family comedies such as Yours, Mine and Ours with Lucille Ball, winning the Academy Award for Best Actor at the 54th Academy Awards for the movie On Golden Pond, his final film role.<br /><br /> Fonda was the patriarch of a family of famous actors, including daughter Jane Fonda, son Peter Fonda, granddaughter Bridget Fonda, and grandson Troy Garity. His family and close friends called him \"Hank\". In 1999, he was named the sixth-Greatest Male Star of All Time by the American Film Institute.<br /><br /> Fonda's ancestors from Genoa, Italy, migrated to the Netherlands in the 15th century. In 1642, a branch of the Fonda family immigrated to the Dutch colony of New Netherland on the East Coast of North America. They were among the first Dutch population to settle in what is now upstate New York, establishing the town of Fonda, New York. By 1888, many of their descendants had relocated to Nebraska. Read Less", "Fonda continued appearing in feature films throughout the 1980s, winning an Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in 1984 for The Dollmaker, and starring in the role of Dr. Martha Livingston in Agnes of God (1985). She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her portrayal of an alcoholic murder suspect in the 1986 thriller The Morning After, opposite Jeff Bridges. She ended the decade by appearing in Old Gringo. This was followed by the romantic drama Stanley & Iris (1990) with Robert De Niro, which would be her final film for 15 years.", "Fonda was the patriarch of a family of famous actors, including daughter Jane Fonda, son Peter Fonda, granddaughter Bridget Fonda, and grandson Troy Garity. His family and close friends called him \"Hank\". In 1999, he was named the sixth-Greatest Male Star of All Time by the American Film Institute.", "Fonda was the patriarch of a family of famous actors, including daughter Jane Fonda, son Peter Fonda, granddaughter Bridget Fonda, and grandson Troy Garity; his family and close friends called him “Hank”. In 1999, he was named the sixth Greatest Male Star of All Time by the American Film Institute.", "Fonda met his future wife Frances at Denham Studios in England on the set of Wings of the Morning , [3] the first British picture to be filmed in Technicolor. They had two children, Jane (born December 21, 1937) and Peter (born February 23, 1940), both of whom became successful actors. They have each had Oscar nominations.", "Fonda met his future wife Frances at Denham Studios in England on the set of Wings of the Morning, the first British picture to be filmed in Technicolor. They had two children, Jane (born December 21, 1937) and Peter (born February 23, 1940), both of whom became successful actors. They have each had Oscar nominations. Read Less", "Jane Fonda: May you live a thousand more times on this earth to rectify the karma you have generated.", "Jane Fonda won the Best Actress Oscar for her role as Bree Daniels, a classy, highly-paid, cynical, fearful, sexually-disturbed and threatened call-girl/streetwalker stalking victim, in Klute (1971)", "Was the 117th actress to receive an Academy Award; she won the Best Actress Oscar for Boys Don't Cry (1999) at The 72nd Annual Academy Awards (2000) on March 26, 2000.", "In 1999, the American Film Institute named Fonda among the Greatest Male Stars of All Time, ranking at No. 6.", "Jane Fonda received worldwide recognition based on her performance. \"[Fonda] makes all the right choices, from the mechanics of her walk and her voice inflection to the penetration of the girl's raging psyche. It is a rare performance.\" She won an Oscar for Best Actress in a Leading Role and the film was nominated for Best Writing, Story and Screenplay Based on Factual Material or Material Not Previously Published or Produced. Fonda also received awards for her performance from the New York Film Critics Circle, Kansas City Film Critics Circle and the National Society of Film Critics.", "From the beginning of his career in 1935 through his last projects in 1981, Fonda appeared in 106 films, television programs, and shorts. Through the course of his career he appeared in many critically acclaimed films, including such classics as 12 Angry Men andThe Ox-Bow Incident. He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in 1940's The Grapes of Wrath and won for his part in 1981's On Golden Pond. Fonda made his mark in Westerns (which included his most villainous role as Frank in Once Upon a Time in the West), war films, and made frequent appearances in both television and foreign productions late in his career.", "Jane Fonda (1979) – Jane Fonda is ecstatic about winning her second Academy Award, this one for \"Coming Home.\"", "From the beginning of his career in 1935 through his last projects in 1981, Fonda appeared in 106 films, television programs, and shorts. Through the course of his career he appeared in many critically acclaimed films, including such classics as 12 Angry Men and The Ox-Bow Incident . He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in 1940's The Grapes of Wrath and won for his part in 1981's On Golden Pond. Fonda made his mark in Westerns (which included his most villainous role as Frank in Once Upon a Time in the West ), war films, and made frequent appearances in both television and foreign productions late in his career.", "Jane Fonda was nominated as Best Actress for her role as alcoholic heroine-victim Alex Sternbergen who woke up next to a dead man, in The Morning After (1986)", "Later in 1950, Fonda married Susan Blanchard, with whom he had been having an affair since sometime in 1948. She was 21 years old, the daughter of Australian-born interior designer Dorothy Hammerstein, and the step-daughter of Oscar Hammerstein II. Together, they adopted a daughter, Amy Fishman (born 1953). They divorced three years later. Blanchard was in awe of Fonda, and she described her role in the marriage as \"a geisha\", doing everything she could to please him, dealing with and solving problems he would not acknowledge. ", "Fonda wowed audiences and won critical acclaim for his portrayal of Ulee Jackson, the taciturn beekeeper in the 1997 film Ulee's Gold, earning him both a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor and the New York Film Critics Award, as well as an Oscar nomination. Following this, he published his autobiography, Don't Tell Dad, and was then seen in the NBC movie The Tempest, for which he had been nominated for another Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Mini-Series. Fonda then appeared with Helen Mirren in the Showtime telefilm The Passion of Ayn Rand, where he won the Golden Globe for outstanding supporting actor in a mini-series or movie made for television and was nominated for both an Emmy and SAG Award.", "Jane Fonda and Henry Fonda, with the Best Actor Oscar he won for \"On Golden Pond.\"", "Jane Fonda was 12 years old when her mother checked into an asylum and killed herself there, slashing her own throat. Her father, actor Henry Fonda , quickly remarried, and a woman who was only 10 years older than Jane became her stepmother. Yet by all accounts this stepmother, Susan Blanchard, grew marvelously into her motherly role, and within a few years the Fonda children were calling her \"Mom-2\". Their father divorced Blanchard when Jane was in her late teens.", "  Actress Jane Fonda arrives at the 2014 Palm Springs International Film Festival Awards Gala in Palm Springs, California January 4, 2014. REUTERS/Fred Prouser   ", "In 1968, she played the title role in the science fiction spoof Barbarella, which established her status as a sex symbol. In contrast, the tragedy They Shoot Horses, Don't They? (1969) won her critical acclaim, and she earned her first Oscar nomination for the role. Fonda was very selective by the end of the 1960s, turning down lead roles in Rosemary's Baby and Bonnie and Clyde, which went to Mia Farrow and Faye Dunaway, respectively.", "Henry Fonda was not present at the awards ceremony. His daughter and co-star Jane Fonda accepted ... More", "She was a star before she was political, but after meeting numerous Vietnam veterans who had changed their minds about the war, Fonda began wondering why American soldiers were killing and dying in a tiny country's civil war half a world away. She became an anti-war activist, then worked for almost any leftist cause, including desegregation, women's rights, and environmental issues, until eventually she was known as much for her political stands as for her films. She visited Alcatraz during its siege by Native Americans in 1969, and thought Rev. Jim Jones was doing good work. She supported Huey Newton 's campaign for Congress, and said the Black Panthers were \"our revolutionary vanguard. We must support them with love, money, propaganda and risk\". During the Vietnam war, Fonda toured America with her Klute co-star and real-life lover Donald Sutherland , staging a \"guerilla theater\" piece called FTA (for \"Fuck the Army\" or, when speaking with mainstream reporters, \"Free the Army\"). \"If you understood what communism was\", she said, \"you would hope, you would pray on your knees that we would someday become communist\".", "Fonda died at his Los Angeles home on August 12, 1982, at the age of 77 after suffering from both heart disease and prostate cancer. Fonda's wife Shirlee and daughter Jane were at his side when he died.", "Meryl Streep walks the red carpet before the 71st Annual Academy Awards in Los Angeles on March 21, 1999. Streep was nominated for Best Actress for her performance in \"One True Thing.\"", "A large number of writers worked on the script, including Terry Southern. Southern later claimed \"Vadim wasn't particularly interested in the script, but he was a lot of fun, with a discerning eye for the erotic, grotesque, and the absurd. And Jane Fonda was super in all regards.\" ", "Received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 7000 Hollywood Boulevard in Hollywood, California on April 20, 1999.", "1999 Being John Malkovich Lotte Schwartz Nominated � American Comedy Award for Funniest Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture" ]

[ 2.970703125, 2.65625, 2.0703125, 0.3916015625, -0.368408203125, -1.9736328125, -2.080078125, -2.11328125, -2.22265625, -2.52734375, -3.126953125, -3.208984375, -3.5078125, -3.515625, -3.568359375, -3.63671875, -3.744140625, -3.8515625, -4.11328125, -4.28125, -4.3046875, -4.80078125, -4.921875, -5.5234375, -5.609375, -6.10546875, -6.28515625, -7.140625, -7.3046875, -7.7265625, -7.96484375, -8.109375 ]

[ "Vincent Eugene Craddock (February 11, 1935 – October 12, 1971), known as Gene Vincent, was an American musician who pioneered the styles of rock and roll and rockabilly. His 1956 top ten hit with his Blue Caps, \"Be-Bop-A-Lula\", is considered a significant early example of rockabilly. He is a member of both the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the Rockabilly Hall of Fame.", "Gene Vincent, real name Vincent Eugene Craddock, (February 11, 1935 – October 12, 1971) was an American rockabilly pioneer musician, best known for his hit Be-Bop-A-Lula. He performed with his backing band, the Blue Caps.", "\"Gene Vincent\", real name \"Vincent Eugene Craddock\", (February 11, 1935 – October 12, 1971) was an American rockabilly pioneer musician, best known for his hit \"Be-Bop-A-Lula\".", "Gene Vincent ( Vincent Eugene Craddock ) - Died 10-12-1971 in Los Angeles, CA, U.S. - Ulcerated wound that he received in a car accident that killed Eddie Cochran 11 years earlier ( Rock & Roll ) Born 2-11-1935 in Norfolk, Virginia, U.S. - Led Gene Vincent And The Blue Caps (They did, \"Be-Bop-A-Lula\" and \"Bluejean Bop\") - Worked with The Wild Angels - Rockabilly Hall Of Fame Inductee and Rock & Roll Hall Of Fame Inductee .", "Gene Vincent - recorded \"Be-Bop-A-Lula\" in 1957, died at the age of 36 following a seizure brought on by a bleeding ulcer on October 12th, 1971 at his parent's California home. Sadly, no one in his family had any money and the city of Los Angeles had to bury him", "Like so many of his contemporaries in rock 'n' roll, the young Gene Vincent served an apprenticeship amidst a poor community in the deep South, integrating his country music roots with the rhythms of R&B. Vincent Eugene Craddock, born February 11, 1935, showed his first real interest in music while his family lived in Munden Point, VA, near the North Carolina line where they ran an old country store. Gene acquired his first guitar at the age of 12 when he was visiting a friend in West Virginia who had a guitar-playing sister. This buddy gave Gene the guitar and told him to keep it, a gesture that baffled Gene, not knowing if the gift was out of fate or just a friend trying to get rid of the sister's practicing sounds. Passers-by would sit on the porch as a teenage Vincent played the blues, gospel and country tunes of the day. His father (Ezekiah Jackson Craddock) and mother (Mary Louise) eventually gave up the store and moved back to Norfolk, VA. Gene dropped out of school to serve in the military. In February of 1952 he joined the US Navy, but would never see any military action.", "Anastasio \"Tachito\" Somoza DeBayle (5 December 1925 – 17 September 1980) was a Nicaraguan politician and officially the 73rd and 76th President of Nicaragua from 1 May 1967 to 1 May 1972 and from 1 December 1974 to 17 July 1979. As head of the National Guard, he was de facto ruler of the country from 1967 to 1979. He was the last member of the Somoza family to be President, ending a dynasty that had been in power since 1936. After being overthrown in an insurrection led by the FSLN, he fled Nicaragua and power was ceded to the Junta of National Reconstruction. He was eventually assassinated while in exile in Paraguay.", "By October, 1956, with \"Be-Bop-A-Lula\" finally fading from the charts, after a massive twenty week run, it was time for more studio work. The album \"Bluejean Bop\" had sold well, so Ken Nelson was obviously intent on retaining its successful formula. In order to do this, Cliff Gallup accepted an invitation to return to the recording studio for the October sessions in Nashville. This time more original numbers were recorded and the Blue Caps were wilder than ever. Titles that included the sinister \"Cat Man,\" \"Pink Thunderbird,\" \"Cruisin'\" and \"Double Talkin' Baby\" all echoed the sentiments of America's rebellious youth. Only two \"standards\" were used on the second album, but both the Delmore Brothers' \"Blues Stay Away From Me\" and Al Hibbler's \"Unchained Melody\" were given that exceptional Vincent treatment. On the final day of the October sessions The Jordanaires were brought in to add backing vocals to \"Important Words,\" \"You Better Believe\" and \"Five Days, Five Days.\" Twelve of the fifteen numbers cut were issued in March of the following year as Gene's second album titled: \"Gene Vincent and The Blue Caps.\"", "Gene Vincent was our next door neighbor. He would sit out on the pouch and play his guitar and sing his songs. I was too young to really remember all this but my father, would always tell me about us being neighbors to Gene Vincent.", "pues solamente kieri komentar qwe uno de los motivos qwe tuvimos para formar un grupo de rockabilly aqui en monterrey fue para recordar a gene vincent ke su memoria y sus obras se sigan escuchando en todo el mundo - es una lastima ke se haya ido muy prematuramente pero lo bueno es el legado ke nos dejo para seguirlo disfrutando ... y desde aqui monterrey nuevo leon MEXICO - keremos decirle ... Eugene craddoc vincent gracias por tu musica ... viviras por siempre ... .DICE UN DICHO MUY FAMOSO EN MI PAIS - QUE LAS PERSONAS VALIOSAS MUEREN JOVENES ... i hope so understand my letter i m no speakin very good english only i say Gene Vincent and his blue caps ... THANKS .. livin forever.", "ciao. una preghiera , e un grande ricordo, x un grande rock n roll man. gene vincent. luca", "Nunca olvidar� aquel d�a en el cual compr� con mi primer sueldo, mis dos primeros discos; \"Walkin'Home From School\" (Capitol, single) y \"Hot Road Gang\" (Capitol, ext.play). Gene Vincent fu� para mi el verdadero y �nico rey del Rock and Roll -\"Gene, you'll never died\"-", "*Former President of Venezuela Marcos Pérez Jiménez was extradited from the United States back to Venezuela, eight months after his arrest and confinement in the Dade County Jail in Miami. Perez Jimenez had been dictator from 1952 to 1958, then fled to the U.S., where he lived in luxury until being jailed in Miami on December 12, 1962. ", "1956: Gene Vincent records ‘Be Bop A Lula’ for Capitol Records at Owen Bradley’s studio in Nashville, Tennessee. It would climb to #7 in the US and #16 in the UK the following Summer, eventually selling over 2 million copies. Vincent has said that he wrote the words to the song after being inspired by a comic strip called ‘Little Lulu.’", "I was 4 years old when Gene Vincent died. First time I head Gene I was 10 years old, after that my life never was same. After 27 years later I still love GENE VINCENT. I am really fan bacauce in 2001 I visit at Gene�s grave: Eternal Valley Memorial Park. That was the top moment of my little life. I think that is cool because I live in Finland, about 4000 miles from California. Long live Gene Vincent�s music.", "Drexler was defying the Academy's refusal to let him perform the song himself.  Instead, \"Al Otro Lado del Rio\" (\"The Other Side of the River\"), from \"The Motorcycle Diaries,\" a film about the youthful Che Guevara, was  Rolfed by the Spanish pop star Antonio Bandera, accompanied by American rock idol Carlos Santana (born in Mexico). Back in Montevideo, Drexler is being hailed as both a winner and a rebel - which is entirely appropriate, given that Che was the first fully commodified socialist revolutionary.", "1980 - Nicaraguan dictator Anastasio Somoza Debayle is assassinated in Paraguay by a seven-person Sandinista commando team, in an attack known as 'Operation Reptile'. One of the Sandanista assassins: \"We cannot tolerate the existence of millionaire playboys whilst thousands of Latin Americans are dying of hunger. We are perfectly willing to give up our lives for this cause.\" [NB: Incorrectly entered as Oct. 17 & used in 2016 Diary!]", "Papa Doc's son Jean-Claude Duvalier – also known as \"Baby Doc\" – led the country from 1971 until his ouster in 1986, when protests led him to seek exile in France. Army leader General Henri Namphy headed a new National Governing Council. General elections in November were aborted after dozens of inhabitants were shot in the capital by soldiers and Tontons Macoutes. Fraudulent elections followed. The elected President, Leslie Manigat, was overthrown some months later in the June 1988 Haitian coup d'état. The September 1988 Haitian coup d'état, which followed the St Jean Bosco massacre, revealed the increasing prominence of former Tontons Macoutes. General Prosper Avril led a military regime until March 1990.", "In 1986, Oscar Arias became President of Costa Rica at a time marked by intense conflict and civil war in Central America. Under his leadership, the five Central American presidents signed the Esquipulas II Peace Agreement in 1987. This agreement provided for a national reconciliation, an end to hostilities, democratization, free elections, resettlements of refugees and negotiations on arms control in all Central American countries. Arias won the Nobel Peace Prize for this achievement.", "February 21 marks the anniversary of the murder of the Nicaraguan patriot Augusto Cesar Sandino on February 21, 1934, by agents of the dictator Anastasio Somoza.", "Harold George \"Harry\" Belafonte, Jr. (born March 1, 1927) is an American singer, songwriter, actor and social activist. He was dubbed the \"King of Calypso\" for popularizing the Caribbean musical style with an international audience in the 1950s. Born Harold George Bellanfanti, Jr. at Lying-in Hospital in Harlem, New York: Belafonte was the son of Melvine (née Love) – a housekeeper of Jamaican descent – and Harold George Bellanfanti, Sr., a Martiniquan.", "57 - Gloria Estefan (born Gloria María Fajardo García; September 1, 1957, Havana, Cuba) is a Grammy Award-winning Cuban-American singer and songwriter. She is in the top 100 best selling music artists with over 90 million albums sold worldwide. She has won seven Grammy Awards, placing her among the most successful crossover performers in Latin music to date.", "The Sandinistas took their name from Augusto César Sandino (1895–1934), the charismatic leader of Nicaragua's nationalist rebellion against the US occupation of the country during the early 20th century (ca. 1922–1934). Sandino was assassinated in 1934 by the Nicaraguan National Guard (), the US-equipped police force of Anastasio Somoza, whose family ruled the country from 1936 until they were overthrown by the Sandinistas in 1979.", "Richard Steven Valenzuela (May 13, 1941 – February 3, 1959), known professionally as Ritchie Valens, was an American singer, actor, songwriter and guitarist. A rock and roll pioneer and a forefather of the Chicano rock movement, Valens' recording career lasted eight months, as it abruptly ended when he died in a plane crash. ", "in 2007 - Lee Vincent (Vincent Michael Cerreta) dies at age 91. American bassist and radio personality for WILK radio in Pennsylvania. After fighting in WW II and playing at that time with band leader Glenn Miller, from 1943 to 1946, he formed his own bands. His Lee Vincent Orchestra, the Lee Vincent Band and the Lee Vincent Trio, played alongside Nat King Cole, Frank Sinatra, Jr., Aretha Franklin, Clay Aiken, and many others. He also worked as a disc jockey for WILK, and other stations promoting big band music.", "Manuel Noriega from Panama by the United States following a US invasion in 1989 (although this was arguably taking an enemy leader as a prisoner of war )", "President Gaviria, when he came to power in 1990, changed the Constitution the way the drug traffickers wanted him to. He changed the Constitution so to eliminate extradition to the United States. From then on, nobody was extradited to the United States.", "Under Article 85 of the  Third Geneva Convention , Noriega is still considered a prisoner of war, despite his conviction for acts committed prior to his capture by the “detaining power” (the United States). This status has meant that in Florida he had his own prison cell furnished with electronics and exercise equipment. His cell had been nicknamed “the presidential suite”.", "Subcomandante Marcos (allegedly born 19 June 1957 in Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico) is a leader of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation, a Mexican political organisation.", "Under Article 85 of the Third Geneva Convention, Noriega was considered a prisoner of war, despite his conviction for acts committed prior to his capture by the \"detaining power\" (the United States). This status meant that in Florida he had his own prison cell, furnished with electronics and exercise equipment. His cell had been nicknamed \"the presidential suite\". ", "Ritchie Valens was a Mexican-American singer and songwriter influential in the Chicano rock movement. He recorded numerous hits during his short career, most notably the 1958 hit \"La Bamba.\" Valens died at age 17 in a plane crash with fellow musicians Buddy Holly and J.P. Richardson on February 3, 1959. The tragedy was later immortalized as \"the day the music died\" in the song \"American Pie.\"", "in 1972 - Sergio Blass \"Sergio Gonzalez,\" American pop singer and actor (Menudo, Los Chicos), is born." ]

[ 4.0859375, 4.01171875, 3.6875, -1.3359375, -1.673828125, -2.75390625, -3.97265625, -4.1640625, -4.23046875, -4.7265625, -4.76171875, -4.84375, -4.921875, -5.171875, -6.06640625, -6.15625, -6.19921875, -6.44140625, -6.6171875, -6.6328125, -6.9921875, -7.484375, -7.9140625, -8.7890625, -8.9609375, -9.0390625, -9.9453125, -9.96875, -9.984375, -10.109375, -10.328125, -10.5859375 ]

[ "1974: Patty Hearst, carrying a gun, took part in a bank raid with her kidnappers. This surprise appearance was captured by the banks video cameras and she was later convicted for the crime.", "Now a gang of four Rowena accompanies them on a bank raid in which they round up the customers and make them believe they are going to be mown down with a machine gun only to have them find out the rounds were blanks. The terror they inflicted gives Rowena a powerful charge. The stunt makes them wanted criminals and they go into hiding. Rowena was recognised and speculation is rife on whether the kidnapped heiress was forced to participate or was there willingly.", "After Patty Hearst was kidnapped, she participated in an SLA bank robbery. She had a machine gun for that robbery. Did she use it during that robbery?", "The Crown also called the two bank officers from the bank that Ryan and Walker robbed. Robert Sipthorpe and George Robertson testified that Ryan said \"This is the gun that shot a man the other day!\" At trial, Ryan's defence lawyer Dr Philip Opas QC cross examined the two witnesses asking if instead they heard \"This is the type of gun that shot a man the other day.\" Both witnesses stuck to their story. [27]", "* Cynthia Coffman: Kidnapped 4 women by ATMs before accomplice James Gregory Marlow strangled them in five weeks in 1986", "When the robbery began, a policeman named Howard Wagner had been directing traffic outside; responding quickly to the scene and attempting to draw his gun, he was shot dead by Van Meter, who was stationed outside the bank. Also outside the bank, Nelson exchanged fire with a local jeweler, Harry Berg, who had shot him in the chest - ineffectively, because of Nelson's bullet-proof vest. As Berg retreated into his store under a return volley from Nelson, a man in a parked car was wounded. Nelson also grappled briefly with a teenage boy, Joseph Pawlowski, who tackled him until Nelson (or Van Meter) stunned Pawlowski with a blow from his gun. When Dillinger and the man identified as Floyd (unconfirmed) emerged from the bank with sacks containing $28,000, they brought three hostages with them (including the bank president) to deter gunfire from three patrolmen on the scene. The policemen fired nonetheless, wounding two of the hostages before grazing Van Meter in the head. The gang escaped, and Van Meter recovered. In the constant and chaotic exchange of gunfire, several other bystanders were wounded by shots, ricochets, or flying broken glass. It proved to be the last confirmed robbery for all of the known and suspected participants, including Floyd (unconfirmed). ", "[After Stockholmwhere a hostage in a 1973 bank robbery became romantically attached to one of her captors.]", "had been mistaken about the man he had chosen from the photo lineup. Allison acknowledged that he had dated and signed the back of the lineup photo and had written on it that he recognized Lips because of his neck tattoos and large lips. He went on to say he had a bad memory and that he could not see Lips anywhere in the courtroom, including the prisoner’s box where Clark was seated for his trial. Bank staff called to testify were consistent in describing the events that unfolded that afternoon. Teller Jessica Ames, 20, said she hadn’t taken much notice of the robber when he first came up to the counter because she was busy at her computer at the sit-down wicket, built to accommodate people in wheelchairs. When she saw him waiting at an empty wicket, she offered to help him. He stood at her wicket with his hands shoved into his pockets. He told Ames, “I have a firearm on me. Give me your money or you will be shot.”", "* David Paul Brown, convicted kidnapper and child sexual assaulter, who changed his name to Nathaniel Bar-Jonah (1957–2008)", "The execution prompts the ESU team into action. They plan to storm the bank and use rubber bullets to knock out the occupants. However, Frazier discovers that the robbers have planted a listening device on the police; aware of the police plans, the robbers detonate smoke grenades and release all the hostages. The police detain everyone, knowing that some of the hostages are members of the gang, but can't distinguish between the two. They interrogate the hostages harshly, questioning their honesty and trying to glean useful information, to no avail. A search of the bank reveals that the robbers' weapons are plastic replicas. They find props for faking the hostage's execution; the blood was red paint. Curiously, no money or valuables appear to have been taken.", "The bandit is described as a black man, wearing dark clothing and a Nixon mask, according to the FBI. During both robberies, the bandit was armed with a handgun, which he used when giving orders to victims, Eimiller said.", "Kidnapping carries a sentence of five years to life in prison in the US. Armed robbery carries a mandatory sentence of at least two years behind bars, and could bring as much as 30. The sentencing hearing was set for December 5.", "(6) A daylight bank robbery with guns bigger than the buses they were carried in, and masks and hostages, a la \"Dog Day Afternoon\"", "Five days later, the gang made another spectacular robbery, getting over $27,000 from the American Bank and Trust Company in Racine , Wisconsin . Although nobody was killed, several bursts of machine gun fire were unleashed to scare away bystanders and approaching law enforcement officials. Several hostages were taken. Some sat in the car with the bandits while others were forced to ride on the running boards of the automobile providing a human shield for the escaping gang.", "Adam John Walsh (November 14, 1974 – July 27, 1981) was an American boy who was abducted from a Sears department store at the Hollywood Mall in Hollywood, Florida, on July 27, 1981. His decapitated head was found two weeks later in a drainage canal off of the Florida Turnpike. His death earned national publicity. His story was made into the 1983 television film Adam, seen by 38 million people in its original airing. His father, John Walsh, became an advocate for victims of violent crimes and the host of the television program America's Most Wanted. ", "At the end of the SAS attack, the final terrorist remained concealed among the hostages; each had to be restrained face-down until Sim Harris (above, escaping the building) identified the last gunman, Fowzi Nejad, who was taken into custody.", "The heist which took place on 22nd February 2006 in England, was regarding the stealing of around 110 million in cash from the Securitas Cash Management Ltd. Depot in Vale Road, Tonbridge, Kent. The manager of the depot, Colin Nixon was abducted on 21st February while driving back home by an unmarked cops vehicle and was handcuffed by those imposed policemen taking him to a farm. Even his wife and son were held as hostages by those uniformed police officials who were then taken to Nixon warning him at the gunpoint to cooperate otherwise his family would be killed. All 3 were headed to the depot where those robbers even tied up other 14 members. After the heist, some of the robbers have been apprehended and imprisoned while around 40 million of the stolen cash has been recovered.", "On the second occasion a guy came in her hotel room, wanted money, couldn't find it, and threatened to kill her. He kidnapped her from the hotel and eventually let her go", "At approximately 11:30 on Wednesday, 30 April the six heavily armed members of DRFLA stormed the Iranian Embassy building on Princes Gate, South Kensington. The gunmen quickly overpowered Police Constable Trevor Lock of the Metropolitan Police 's Diplomatic Protection Group (DPG). Lock was carrying a concealed Smith & Wesson .38-calibre revolver, [13] but was unable to draw it before he was overpowered, although he did manage to press the \"panic button\" on his radio. Lock was later frisked, but the gunman conducting the search did not find the constable's weapon. He remained in possession of the revolver, and refused to remove his coat—which he told the gunmen was to \"preserve his image\" as a police officer—in order to keep it concealed. [14] The officer also refused offers of food throughout the siege for fear that the weapon would be seen if he had to use the toilet and a gunman decided to escort him. [15]", "The victim identified him as the person who robbed her at gunpoint, according to the probable cause document.", "In 1998, Bronson took two Iraqi hijackers and another inmate hostage at Belmarsh prison in London . He insisted his hostages address him as \"General\" and told negotiators he would eat one of his victims quickly unless his demands were met. At one stage, Bronson demanded one of the Iraqis hit him \"very hard\" over the head with a metal tray. When the hostage refused, Bronson slashed his own shoulder six times with a razor blade. He later told staff: \"I'm going to start snapping necks – I'm the number-one hostage taker.\" He demanded a plane to take him to Cuba , two Uzi sub-machine guns, 5,000 rounds of ammunition, and an axe. In court, he said he was \"as guilty as Adolf Hitler \", adding \"I was on a mission of madness, but now I'm on a mission of peace and all I want to do now is go home and have a pint with my son.\" Another seven years were added to his sentence. [4]", "The terrorists were led by Awn Ali Mohammed, 27, who was code named 'Salim'. Over the first few days of the siege, Salim released several women hostages and a BBC employee who feigned stomach cramps in order to be released. By Monday, and with no sign of his demands being met, Salim's mood changed for the worse and tensions rose. Salim threatened to shoot a hostage. Abbas Lavasani, an Iranian who had drawn the ire of the hostage-takers due to his animosity towards them was separated from the rest of the hostages. At noon 3 shots were heard from within the embassy and later that evening Lavasani's body was pushed out the front door.", "The gunman got out of the car and approached her; pleading for her life, she took a pound note from her pocket, screaming, \"Here, take this, take the car and go.\" He took several steps back to the car before turning and firing four bullets at her, then reloaded and fired again. Of approximately seven bullets fired, five hit Storie; she fell to the ground next to Gregsten and pretended to be dead. Evidently satisfied he had killed her, the gunman drove off southward with much crashing of gears, in the direction of Luton .", "The gunman got out of the car and approached her; pleading for her life, she took a pound note from her pocket, screaming, \"Here, take this, take the car and go.\" He took several steps back to the car before turning and firing four bullets at her, then reloaded and fired again. Of approximately seven bullets fired, five hit Storie; she fell to the ground next to Gregsten and pretended to be dead. Evidently satisfied he had killed her, the gunman drove off southward with much crashing of gears, in the direction of Luton.", "In 1996, Bronson took two Iraqi terrorists and a third prisoner hostage after one of them accidentally bumped into him and didn’t apologize . During the hostage situation, he forced them to tickle his feet and call him “general.” The experience for these hostages must have been pretty terrifying. At one point, he tried to force them to hit him over the head with a heavy, metal tray and when they refused, he grabbed a razor blade and began to slash his upper body. This time his demands included Uzi machine guns, an axe, thousands of rounds of ammo, a cheese sandwich, and a helicopter to Cuba. If the demands weren’t met, he threatened to eat one of the prisoners . He didn’t get any of that stuff and eventually gave up .", "In 1998, Bronson took two Iraqi hijackers and another inmate hostage at Belmarsh prison in London. He insisted his hostages address him as \"General\" and told negotiators he would eat one of his victims quickly unless his demands were met. At one stage, Bronson demanded one of the Iraqis hit him \"very hard\" over the head with a metal tray. When the hostage refused, Bronson slashed his own shoulder six times with a razor blade. He later told staff: \"I'm going to start snapping necks — I'm the number-one hostage taker.\" He demanded a plane to take him to Cuba, two Uzi sub-machine guns, 5,000 rounds of ammunition, and an axe. In court, he said he was \"as guilty as Adolf Hitler\", adding, \"I was on a mission of madness, but now I'm on a mission of peace and all I want to do now is go home and have a pint with my son.\" Another seven years were added to his sentence.", "At approximately 11:30 on Wednesday 30 April the six heavily armed members of DRFLA stormed the Iranian Embassy building on Princes Gate, South Kensington. The gunmen quickly overpowered Police Constable Trevor Lock of the Metropolitan Police's Diplomatic Protection Group (DPG). Lock was carrying a concealed Smith & Wesson .38-calibre revolver, but was unable to draw it before he was overpowered, although he did manage to press the \"panic button\" on his radio. Lock was later frisked, but the gunman conducting the search did not find the constable's weapon. He remained in possession of the revolver, and refused to remove his coat—which he told the gunmen was to \"preserve his image\" as a police officer—in order to keep it concealed. The officer also refused offers of food throughout the siege for fear that the weapon would be seen if he had to use the toilet and a gunman decided to escort him. ", "1996: 35 persons, by a man armed with a semiautomatic rifle who shoots at tourists in Tasmania. He is captured by police after a 12-hour standoff at a guest cottage.", "No Refuge Jan 29 1995 There is an armed robbery at a local family-run glassworks, in which an employee is shot dead. The owner, who is one of the witnesses, is then threatened, and goes into hiding. The family has a", "OK: Gunfire exchanged during attempted robbery at convenience store : \"Shots were exchanged between a would-be robber and another person during an armed robbery at a convenience store Wednesday, police said. Police are searching for the robber and they were unsure whether he was struck during the exchange of gunfire at Ryan's Convenience Store, 9848 E. 21st St. The robber entered the store and demanded money. Preliminary information indicates that someone inside the store pulled a gun and fired at the robber. The robber returned fire and fled, Ashley said. \"We are not sure if he was hit, but there is a possibility he was hit,\" Ashley said. \"We have notified all of the hospitals to be watching for someone with a gunshot wound.\" The was described as being black, about 6 feet 2 inches tall and 20 to 30 years old. He was wearing a blue hoodie and a black bandana covering his face.\"", "In British criminal law , garrote was also a defined type of violent robbery using at least physical threat against the victims.", "In 1984, O’Callaghan informed his Garda handler of an attempt to smuggle seven tons of AK-47 assault rifles from the United States. The shipment had been purchased from the Winter Hill Gang , an Irish-American crime family based in South Boston, Massachusetts . The actual planning of the shipment was carried out by Patrick Nee , a South Boston gangster and staunch IRA supporter. The security on the American end of the shipment was handled by Kevin Weeks and Whitey Bulger , a Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) informant." ]

[ 4.078125, -0.469970703125, -0.8828125, -2.390625, -3.353515625, -3.607421875, -5.01171875, -5.21484375, -5.35546875, -5.35546875, -5.5078125, -5.5390625, -5.56640625, -5.78125, -5.82421875, -6.54296875, -6.7421875, -6.91015625, -7.5234375, -7.5390625, -7.90234375, -7.9296875, -8.0703125, -8.234375, -8.625, -9.1171875, -9.28125, -9.9375, -10.078125, -10.125, -10.125, -10.421875 ]

[ "At 325 pounds, William Howard Taft (1857-1930), who was dubbed “Big Bill,” was the largest president in American history and often got stuck in the White House bathtub. His advisors had to sometimes pull him out.[2]", "It is debatable when the first bathtub actually was installed in the White House. Many historians agree that it was Lucy Hayes, known as Lemonade Lucy to contemporaries because she had banned liquor from the premises, who insisted on a proper bathtub for herself and husband Rutherford, who was president from 1877 to 1881. It is well established, though, that President William Howard Taft was so fat that he once got stuck in the White House bathtub. It was replaced with one more appropriate for his girth -- he weighed more than 330 pounds -- and a later photo shows the enormous size of the tub. According to the photo, four regular-sized men fit comfortably into it.", "14. At 325 pounds, William Howard Taft, who was dubbed “Big Bill,” was the largest president in American history and often got stuck in the White House bathtub. His advisors had to sometimes pull him out.", "Abraham Lincoln (1861-65) was credited by the Portsmouth Ohio Times in 1932 to \"hold the distinction of being the first President of the United States to splash his way to cleanliness in a White House bathtub, the first bathtub having been installed in the White House during his presidency.\" The newspaper did not specify from which source it received its information, citing only a water consumption report.", "Other than that, Henderson said, he has \"never found anything definitive that he actually got stuck in a bathtub. I've been here for 25 years and that is the only written (primary source) documentation that I have seen of William Howard Taft being stuck in a bathtub.\"", "According to Ray Henderson with the William Howard Taft National Historic Site in Cincinnati, the story comes from Ike Hoover, the chief White House usher during the Taft presidency. Hoover wrote a book, titled \"42 Years in the White House,\" which published in 1932 and made mention of Taft getting stuck in the White House tub.", "Who, besides William Howard Taft (300+ pounds)--who may or may not have gotten stuck in the White House bathtub but certainly arranged for a bigger one to be installed there--were America's fattest presidents?", "Many anecdotes have been passed down regarding Taft's tremendous weight. One of the most famous concerns him getting stuck in the Presidential bathtub and thus ordering a replacement - large enough to fit four average-sized men! Taft even had a new bed constructed at his friend Todd Lincoln's (son of Abraham) house because the springs in the original mattress broke under his weight.", "William Howard Taft had a bathtub that could hold four people installed in the white because he couldn't fit into the present one.", "Franklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was the 32nd President of the United States. He was a central figure of the 20th century during a time of worldwide economic crisis and world war. Elected to four terms in office, he served from 1933 to 1945 and is the only U.S. president to have served more than two terms.", "\"Big Bill\" was over 300 (332) pounds and 6'2\". Needing a big bathtub, he had a 7' long 41\" wide tub installed that could accommodate 4 normal-sized men. (He lost 150 pounds after leaving office.)", "James Abram Garfield (November 19, 1831 – September 19, 1881) was the 20th President of the United States, serving from March 4, 1881 until his assassination later that year. Garfield had served nine terms in the House of Representatives, and had been elected to the Senate before his candidacy for the White House, though he declined the senatorship once he was president-elect. He is the only sitting House member to be elected president.", "In 1927, a new steel-trussed roof and fire-resistant third floor were installed during the Calvin Coolidge administration (1923-29). However, these improvements provided only temporary relief and the house had deteriorated rapidly by the time Truman authorized major reconstruction in 1948. One account notes that the President's decision was prompted by his noticing that his bathtub was settling into the floor.", "Rutherford B. Hayes (1877-81), whose wife Lucy was believed to have first insisted on a bathtub. Lending credibility to the claim is Mrs. Hayes' reputation for having a stern will. She was known as \"Lemonade Lucy\" because she banned liquor from the White House.", "Dwight David \"Ike\" Eisenhower ( ; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American politician and general who served as the 34th President of the United States from 1953 until 1961. He was a five-star general in the United States Army during World War II and served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe. He was responsible for planning and supervising the invasion of North Africa in Operation Torch in 1942–43 and the successful invasion of France and Germany in 1944–45 from the Western Front. In 1951, he became the first Supreme Commander of NATO. ", "The original builders of the White House didn't consider the possibility of a handicapped president. The White House didn't become wheelchair accessible until Franklin Delano Roosevelt took office in 1933. President Roosevelt suffered paralysis due to polio, so the White House was remodeled to accommodate his wheelchair. Franklin Roosevelt also added a heated indoor swimming pool to help with his therapy.", "-zən-how-ər ; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was a  five-star general  in the  United States Army  and the  34th   President of the United States , from 1953 until 1961, and the last to be born in the  19th century . During  World War II , he served as  Supreme Commander  of the  Allied forces  in Europe, with responsibility for planning and supervising the successful  invasion of France  and  Germany  in 1944–45, from the  Western Front . In 1951, he became the first  supreme commander of NATO . [2]", "Martin Van Buren (1837-41) was criticized by Congressman Charles Ogle as \"the first President who made the discovery that the pleasures of the warm or tepid bath are the proper accommodations of a palace life. For it appears that our former Presidents were content with the application, when necessary, of a simple shower bath.\"", "Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was the 33rd President of the United States (1945–1953). The final running mate of President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1944, Truman succeeded to the presidency on April 12, 1945, when Roosevelt died after months of declining health. Under Truman, a Democrat, the U.S. successfully concluded World War II ; in the aftermath of the conflict, tensions with the Soviet Union increased, the start of the Cold War .", "Eisenhower won the 1952 US presidential elections, with Richard Nixon as his Vice President, and brought the Republicans back to national power after 20 years. He was President from 1953-1960, becoming the first and only army general to serve as President in the 20th Century, formally becoming a civilian during his term in office. He ended the Korean War and offered peaceful co-existence with the Soviet Union after the death of Stalin in 1953. He authorized the 1953 Iranian coup d'etat and the 1954 Guatemalan coup d'etat. He invited Nikita Khrushchev to his first visit to the US in 1959, and hosted him at his farm at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, where his children and grandchildren met the family of the Soviet leader. Shortly after that, however, the Soviets shot down an American U2 spy plane, captured the pilot and canceled Eisenhower's reciprocal visit to the Soviet Union. Relations between the two superpowers deteriorated very quickly, leading to an increasingly rapid nuclear arms race and a dangerous standoff in the Cold War.", "Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States (1969–74), having formerly been the 36th Vice President of the United States (1953–61). A member of the Republican Party, he was the only President to resign the office as well as the only person to be elected twice to both the Presidency and the Vice Presidency.", "Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 � June 5, 2004) was the 40th (1981�1989) President of the United States and the 33rd (1967�1975) Governor of California. Reagan was also an actor in films before entering politics. He lived longer than any other President (93 years, 119 days) and was the oldest elected President (69 years, 349 days when taking office).", "1992 - U.S. President George H.W. Bush collapsed during a state dinner in Tokyo. White House officials said Bush was suffering from stomach flu.", "The problems started in 1921, when the 39-year-old former Vice Presidential nominee went on a family retreat in Canada. Over the next two weeks, he started to become paralyzed and soon lost control of his bowels after the paralysis spread into his torso. After his party lost to the Republicans, Roosevelt retreated into private life to deal with his condition. By the time he was elected president in 1933, he was rarely seen in his wheelchair, though he did sometimes use a cane.", "They can't be hitched to the same carriage' President William McKinley (1843-1901) at the reins of a carriage labelled 'Administration' carrying Uncle Sam and Columbia; three men labelled 'Hanna, Lodge, [and] Dingley' are...", "The 34th president of the United States (1953–1961. He was previously a five-star general in the United States Army during World War II, serving as Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe. He had responsibility for planning and supervising the invasion of North Africa in Operation Torch in 1942–'43 and the successful invasions of France and Germany in 1944–'45, from the Western Front.", "In August 1921, while the Roosevelts were vacationing at Campobello Island , New Brunswick, Canada, Roosevelt contracted polio , which resulted in permanent paralysis from the waist down. For the rest of his life, Roosevelt refused to accept that he was permanently paralyzed. [69] He tried a wide range of therapies, including hydrotherapy , and, in 1926, he purchased a resort at Warm Springs, Georgia, where he founded a hydrotherapy center for the treatment of polio patients, one which still operates as the Roosevelt Warm Springs Institute for Rehabilitation . [70] After he became President, he helped to found the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis (now known as the March of Dimes). [71]", "Who is the only U.S. President in the 20th century not to appoint a chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court?", "26th President of the United States, and a leader of the Republican Party and of the Progressive Movement. He led the Rough Riders in the Spanish-American War, was famous for \"speak softly and carry a big stick,\" and won the Nobel Peace Prize.", "US President who brought America through the 1930s Great Depression with his program called the \"New Deal.\" Led the country through WWII. Elected President of the US 4 times, more than any other. Died in April 1945 right before the end of WWII. Only President to suffer from a severe handicap; contracted infantile paralysis (polio) in 1921 at age 39; from then on was unable to walk on his own.", "In the foreign policy area he was exemplary. He was able to defuse the Russian-Japanese war in the Far East, for which he was subsequently awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. During his nearly eight years as president not a single member of the U.S. forces died in combat. He expanded the U.S. Navy and had the Navy conduct a world tour from 1907 to 1909 to show case and demonstrate U.S. sea power. He was the driving force behind the building of the Panama Canal and the establishment of the Canal Zone in Panama which allowed the building of the Canal. Unfortunately he used strong arm tactics to accomplish the Canal Treaty for which he received a considerable amount of criticism.", "In July 2015, the 91-year-old former president fell at his summer home in Kennebunkport, Maine, and broke a vertebrae in his neck. His medical condition was considered “not life threatening,” according to his spokesman. " ]

[ 7.3671875, 4.9921875, 4.9609375, 2.08984375, 1.9794921875, 1.939453125, 1.88671875, 0.6513671875, -0.86767578125, -1.12890625, -1.2001953125, -1.513671875, -1.5390625, -1.6220703125, -2.166015625, -2.62890625, -2.68359375, -2.95703125, -3.08984375, -3.44140625, -3.76953125, -3.99609375, -4.37890625, -4.76171875, -5.5703125, -5.68359375, -5.984375, -6.1015625, -6.4375, -6.61328125, -8.75, -9.4296875 ]

[ "An era of parliamentary government came to a close in the early 1920s when Benito Mussolini established a Fascist dictatorship. His disastrous alliance with Nazi Germany led to Italy's defeat in World War II.", "Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini, KSMOM GCTE (July 29, 1883, Predappio, Forlì, Italy – April 28, 1945, Giulino di Mezzegra, Italy) was an Italian politician who led the National Fascist Party and is credited with being one of the key figures in the creation of Fascism. He became the Prime Minister of Italy in 1922 and began using the title Il Duce by 1925. After 1936, his official title was \"His Excellency Benito Mussolini, Head of Government, Duce of Fascism, and Founder of the Empire\".[1] Mussolini also created and held the supreme military rank of First Marshal of the Empire along with King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy, which gave him and the King joint supreme control over the military of Italy. Mussolini remained in power until he was replaced in 1943; for a short period after this until his death he was the leader of the Italian Social Republic.", "[beˈnito mussoˈlini] ; 29 July 1883 – 28 April 1945) was an Italian politician, journalist, and leader of the National Fascist Party , ruling the country as Prime Minister from 1922 until his ousting in 1943. He ruled constitutionally until 1925, when he dropped all pretense of democracy and set up a legal dictatorship. Known as Il Duce (\"the leader\"). Mussolini was one of the key figures in the creation of fascism. [1]", "[beˈnito mussoˈlini] ; [1] 29 July 1883 – 28 April 1945) was an Italian politician, journalist, and leader of the National Fascist Party , ruling the country as Prime Minister from 1922 until his ousting in 1943. He ruled constitutionally until 1925, when he dropped all pretense of democracy and set up a legal dictatorship. Known as Il Duce (“the leader”), Mussolini was one of the key figures in the creation of fascism . [2]", "The German Empire was dissolved in the German Revolution of 1918–1919, and a democratic government, later known as the Weimar Republic, was created. The interwar period saw strife between supporters of the new republic and hardline opponents on both the right and left. Although Italy as an Entente ally made some territorial gains, Italian nationalists were angered that the promises made by Britain and France to secure Italian entrance into the war were not fulfilled with the peace settlement. From 1922 to 1925, the Fascist movement led by Benito Mussolini seized power in Italy with a nationalist, totalitarian, and class collaborationist agenda that abolished representative democracy, repressed socialist, left-wing and liberal forces, and pursued an aggressive foreign policy aimed at forcefully forging Italy as a world power, promising the creation of a \"New Roman Empire\".", "The surrender of Axis forces in Tunisia on May 13, 1943, yielded some 250,000 prisoners. The North African war proved to be a disaster for Italy, and when the Allies invaded Sicily on July 10 in Operation Husky, capturing the island in a little over a month, the regime of Benito Mussolini collapsed. On July 25, he was removed from office by Victor Emmanuel III, the King of Italy, and arrested with the positive consent of the Great Fascist Council. A new government, led by Pietro Badoglio, took power and declared ostensibly that Italy would stay in the war. Badoglio had already begun secret peace negotiations with the Allies.", "After destroying all political opposition through his secret police and outlawing labor strikes,Haugen, pp. 9, 71 Mussolini and his fascist followers consolidated their power through a series of laws that transformed the nation into a one-party dictatorship. Within five years he had established dictatorial authority by both legal and extraordinary means, aspiring to create a totalitarian state. Mussolini remained in power until he was deposed by King Victor Emmanuel III in 1943. A few months later, he became the leader of the Italian Social Republic, a German client regime in northern Italy; he held this post until his death in 1945.", "Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (; 29 July 1883 – 28 April 1945) was an Italian politician, journalist, and leader of the National Fascist Party, ruling the country as Prime Minister from 1922 until he was ousted in 1943. He ruled constitutionally until 1925, when he dropped all pretense of democracy and set up a legal dictatorship. Known as Il Duce (The Leader), Mussolini was the founder of Italian fascism. ", "With the Italian Army defeated on all fronts and Sicily invaded, Italian dictator Benito Mussolini was deposed as head of the Italian government by King Vittorio Emanuele III on 25 July 1943. The replacement Italian government, under Badoglio, immediately began an initiative to seek peace with the Allies, contributing to Allied urgency to invade the Italian mainland.", "The Fascists began their attempt to entrench Fascism in Italy with the Acerbo Law, which guaranteed a plurality of the seats in parliament to any party or coalition list in an election that received 25% or more of the vote. Through considerable Fascist violence and intimidation, the list won a majority of the vote, allowing many seats to go to the Fascists. In the aftermath of the election, a crisis and political scandal erupted after Socialist Party deputy Giacomo Matteoti was kidnapped and murdered by a Fascist. The liberals and the leftist minority in parliament walked out in protest in what became known as the Aventine Secession. On 3 January 1925, Mussolini addressed the Fascist-dominated Italian parliament and declared that he was personally responsible for what happened, but he insisted that he had done nothing wrong. He proclaimed himself dictator of Italy, assuming full responsibility over the government and announcing the dismissal of parliament. From 1925 to 1929, Fascism steadily became entrenched in power: opposition deputies were denied access to parliament, censorship was introduced, and a December 1925 decree made Mussolini solely responsible to the King.", "In Italy, Benito Mussolini took power as a fascist dictator promising to create a \"New Roman Empire\". His nationalistic message and authoritarian style became popular around Europe.", " As the first modern European fascist dictator, Mussolini and his tactics served as an example for Adolf Hitler, the German leader of the Nazis, and Francisco Franco, the leader of the Fascist Party in the Spanish Civil War, and their fascist inspired regimes. During World War Two, his actions led to the fall of his regime and his becoming Hitler's puppet as the head of the \"Italian Social Republic.\" Also his actions at this time led to the fall of his regime. He brought Italy to a state of poverty and disunity, leading to the formation of a new republic and constitution. Mussolini's dictatorship began with the climate created by World War One, ended after a second world war, which was partially started by him, and set the stage for the introduction of the modern Italian government.", "The Kingdom of Italy was under the leadership of the fascist dictator Benito Mussolini in the name of King Victor Emmanuel III .", "      Fascist squads, militias inspired by Mussolini but often created by local leaders, swept through the countryside of the Po Valley and the Puglian plains, rounded up Socialists, burned down union and party offices, and terrorized the local population. Hundreds of radicals were humiliated, beaten, or killed. In late 1920, the Black shirt squads, often with the direct help of landowners, began to attack local government institutions and prevent left-wing administrations from taking power. Mussolini encouraged the squads�although he soon tried to control them�and organized similar raids in and around Milan. By late 1921, the Fascists controlled large parts of Italy, and the left, in part because of its failures during the postwar years, had all but collapsed. The government, dominated by middle-class Liberals, did little to combat this lawlessness, both through weak political will and a desire to see the mainly working-class left defeated. As the Fascist movement built a broad base of support around the powerful ideas of nationalism and anti-Bolshevism, Mussolini began planning to seize power at the national level.", "The Italian Prime Minister presided over a very unstable political system, in fact in its first sixty years of existence (1861-1921), Italy changed its head of the government 37 times. Regarding this situation, the first goal of Benito Mussolini, appointed in 1922, was to abolish the Parliament's ability to put him to a vote of no confidence, thus basing his power on the will of the king and the National Fascist Party alone.", "In 1922, a party with remarkably similar policies and objectives came into power in Italy, the National Fascist Party under the leadership of the charismatic Benito Mussolini. The Fascists, like the Nazis, promoted a national rebirth of their country; opposed communism and liberalism; appealed to the working-class; opposed the Treaty of Versailles; and advocated the territorial expansion of their country. The Italian Fascists used a straight-armed Roman salute and wore black-shirted uniforms. Hitler was inspired by Mussolini and the Fascists, borrowing their use of the straight-armed salute as a Nazi salute. When the Fascists came to power in 1922 in Italy through their coup attempt called the \"March on Rome\", Hitler began planning his own coup.", "In October 1922, a small National Fascist Party led by Benito Mussolini attempted a coup with its \"March on Rome\", which resulted in the King forming an alliance with Mussolini. A pact with Germany was concluded by Mussolini in 1936, and a second in 1938. During the Second World War, Italy was invaded by the Allies in June 1943, leading to the collapse of the fascist regime and the arrest, flight, eventual re-capture and death of Mussolini. In September 1943, Italy surrendered. However, fighting continued on its territory for the rest of the war, with the allies fighting those Italian fascists who did not surrender, as well as German forces.", "After the successive disasters sustained by the Axis in Africa, many of the Italian leaders were desperately anxious to make peace with the Allies. The invasion of Sicily, representing an immediate threat to the Italian mainland, prompted them to action. On the night of July 24-25, 1943, when Mussolini revealed to the Fascist Grand Council that the Germans were thinking of evacuating the southern half of Italy, the majority of the council voted for a resolution against him, and he resigned his powers. On July 25 the king, Victor Emmanuel III , ordered the arrest of Mussolini and entrusted Marshal Pietro Badoglio with the formation of a new government. The new government entered into secret negotiations with the Allies, despite the presence of sizable German forces in Italy.", "      Many Italians, especially among the middle class, welcomed his authority. They were tired of strikes and riots, responsive to the flamboyant techniques and medieval trappings of fascism, and ready to submit to dictatorship, provided the national economy was stabilized and their country restored to its dignity. Mussolini seemed to them the one man capable of bringing order out of chaos. Soon a kind of order had been restored, and the Fascists inaugurated ambitious programs of public works. The costs of this order were, however, enormous. Italy's fragile democratic system was abolished in favor of a one-party state. Opposition parties, trade unions, and the free press were outlawed. Free speech was crushed. A network of spies and secret policemen watched over the population. This repression hit moderate Liberals and Catholics as well as Socialists. Mussolini's henchmen kidnapped and murdered the Socialist deputy Giacomo Matteotti [22 May 1885 – 10 Jun 1924], who had become one of fascism's most effective critics in parliament. The Matteotti crisis shook Mussolini, but he managed to maintain his hold on power.", "Many Italians, especially among the middle class, welcomed his authority. They were tired of strikes and riots, responsive to the flamboyant techniques and medieval trappings of fascism, and ready to submit to dictatorship, provided the national economy was stabilized and their country restored to its dignity. Mussolini seemed to them the one man capable of bringing order out of chaos . Soon a kind of order had been restored, and the Fascists inaugurated ambitious programs of public works. The costs of this order were, however, enormous. Italy’s fragile democratic system was abolished in favour of a one-party state . Opposition parties, trade unions, and the free press were outlawed. Free speech was crushed. A network of spies and secret policemen watched over the population. This repression hit moderate Liberals and Catholics as well as Socialists. In 1924 Mussolini’s henchmen kidnapped and murdered the Socialist deputy Giacomo Matteotti , who had become one of fascism’s most effective critics in parliament. The Matteotti crisis shook Mussolini, but he managed to maintain his hold on power.", "In 1922, the leader of the Italian fascist movement, Benito Mussolini , became Prime Minister of Italy after a coup d'état . Mussolini resolved the question of Dodecanese sovereignty at the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne , which formalized Italian administration of both Libya and the Dodecanese Islands, in return for a payment to Turkey , the successor state to the Ottoman Empire, though he failed in an attempt to extract a mandate of a portion of Iraq from Britain.", "It was actually the local party bosses who started a series of riots that stormed various city halls and forced concessions from local governments.  This encouraged them to march on Rome and seize control of the national government.  Benito himself was hesitant to take part, but when the Ras went ahead without him and it looked as if they might succeed, he put himself at the head of the march as if it were his idea all along.  The march itself was a fiasco, getting bogged down in a massive traffic jam, but it scared the government enough to offer Benito the power to form a new government, which he did with typical bombast and bluster.  Then, through intimidation and rigged elections, Benito tightened his grip on Italy.  He bullied the Italian Parliament into giving him emergency powers that allowed him to shut down other parties, censor the press, and end other civil liberties.  By 1925, Italy was a fascist dictatorship.", "Once in power, Mussolini attacked the problem of survival. With accomplished tact, he set general elections, violated their constitutional norms freely, and concluded them in 1924 with an absolute majority in Parliament. But the assassination immediately thereafter of the Socialist leader Giacomo Matteotti, a noted opponent, by Fascist hirelings suddenly reversed his fortunes, threw his regime into crisis, and nearly toppled him. Mussolini, however, recouped and with his pivotal speech of Jan. 3, 1925, took the offensive. He suppressed civil liberties, annihilated the opposition, and imposed open dictatorship. Between 1926 and 1929 Mussolini moved to consolidate his regime through the enactment of \"the most Fascist laws\" (le leggi fascistissime). He concluded the decade on a high note: his Concordat with the Vatican in 1929 settled the historic differences between the Italian state and the Roman Catholic Church. Awed by a generosity that multiplied his annual income fourfold, Pope Pius XI confirmed to the world that Mussolini had been sent \"by Divine Providence.\"", "In 1922, the leader of the Italian fascist movement, Benito Mussolini, became Prime Minister of Italy after the March on Rome. Mussolini resolved the question of sovereignty over the Dodecanese at the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne, which formalized Italian administration of both Libya and the Dodecanese Islands, in return for a payment to Turkey, the successor state to the Ottoman Empire, though he failed in an attempt to extract a mandate of a portion of Iraq from Britain.", "Mussolini was not satisfied with a coalition government. He aimed to be the ruler of one-party totalitarian state. From 1922 to 1929, slowly but gradually, he destroyed all effective opposition at home.", "1. Benito Mussolini was the fascist leader of Italy, appointed as prime minister after his ‘march on Rome’ in 1922.", "Fascist dictator of Italy (1922-1943). He led Italy to conquer Ethiopia (1935), joined Germany in the Axis pact (1936), and allied Italy with Germany in World War II. He was overthrown in 1943 when the Allies invaded Italy.", "Prime Minister of Italy 1922-1943; head of the so-called Italian Social Republic until 1945. \"He introduced strict censorship and altered the methods of election so that in 1925–1926 he was able to assume dictatorial powers and dissolve all other political parties\" (see [94] , [95] ).", "As the new premier, he gradually transformed the government into a dictatorship. In 1924 the Socialist deputy Matteotti was murdered. Opposition was put down by an efficient secret police and the Fascist party militia, and the press was regimented. Parliamentary government ended in 1928, and the state economy was reorganized along the lines of the Fascist corporative state . Conflict between church and state was ended by the Lateran Treaty (1929).", "Italian politician, leader of the National Fascist Party and creator of Italian fascism, became Italian Prime Minister in 1922.  Led Italy through World War II on the side of the Axis, defended Hitler, ended up being overthrown by his own people and killed", "Italian politician, journalist, and leader of the National Fascist Party, ruling the country as Prime Minister from 1922 until his ousting in 1943", "Italian leader who took over control in 1922. He believed that political power was more important than individuals." ]

[ 3.607421875, 3.2890625, 2.9296875, 2.830078125, 1.4921875, 1.2119140625, 1.103515625, 1.05078125, 1.0458984375, 1.0361328125, 0.96630859375, 0.91748046875, 0.84765625, 0.8095703125, 0.233154296875, 0.0909423828125, -0.03466796875, -0.1124267578125, -0.428955078125, -0.60400390625, -0.7900390625, -0.82373046875, -1.1806640625, -1.2197265625, -1.5341796875, -1.55078125, -2.8125, -3.78515625, -3.92578125, -4.00390625, -4.82421875, -6.6875 ]

[ "AXL ROSE also once known by the name of Bill Bailey. Bailey being his stepfathers name. He took the name of Rose when he found out when he found out it was his real father's name. He is the charasmatic and unpredictable lead singer with heavy metal band Guns'N Roses. Married to Erin Everly, the inspiration for \"Sweet Child O' Mine\", but they divorced after less than a year. He has also dated model Stephanie Seymour, his bride in \"November Rain\".", "Singer Axl Rose of GUNS N' ROSES married Erin Everly, Don Everly's daughter. The marriage lasted 27 days.", "Axl Rose married Erin Everly, the daughter of singer Don Everly , in 1990. The couple annulled their marriage in 1991. He started dating supermodel Stephanie Seymour and they got engaged for a brief period of time.", "in 1962 - William Bruce Rose Jr. \"Axl Rose\" American rock singer/songwriter, keyboardist and guitarist (L.A. Guns, Guns N' Roses), is born.", "Red Foley (Clyde Julian Foley) - Died 9-19-1968 - Heart attack (Country) Born 6-17-1910 between Blue Lick and Berea, KY, U.S. - (Did, \"Old Shep\", \"Smoke On The Water\" and \"Chattanoogie Shoe Shine Boy\") - Was a member of The Cumberland Ridge Runners - Father in-law of singer, Pat Boone.", "Don Everly's daughter, Erin Everly, was briefly married to the front man of Guns N' Roses, Axl Rose.", "Waylon Arnold Jennings (pronounced; June 15, 1937 – February 13, 2002) was an American singer, songwriter, musician, and actor. Jennings began playing guitar at eight and began performing at 12 on KVOW radio. His first band was The Texas Longhorns. Jennings worked as a DJ on KVOW, KDAV, KYTI, and KLLL. In 1958, Buddy Holly arranged Jennings's first recording session, of \"Jole Blon\" and \"When Sin Stops (Love Begins)\". Holly hired him to play bass. In Clear Lake, Iowa, Jennings gave up his seat on the ill-fated flight that crashed and killed Holly, J. P. Richardson, Ritchie Valens, and pilot Roger Peterson.", "  Eddy Arnold (May 15, 1918 – May 8, 2008) was among the most popular country music singers in American history and helped to create the Nashville sound. He sold more than 85 million records and had 147 songs on the charts, including 28 No. 1 hits on Billboard's \"Country Singles\" chart. Although George Jones had more individual country hits, one authoritative study ranks Arnold as the the all-time leader for hits and their time on the charts. His longevity was exceptional. Arnold transcended changing musical tastes for more than 50 years, and his later concerts attracted three generations of fans. To some he also served as a role model; in a field often awash with alcohol and drugs, he remained temperate. He ranked 22nd on County Music Television's 2003 list of 40 Greatest Men of Country Music. Arnold made his first radio appearance in 1936, but struggled to gain recognition until he landed a job as the lead male vocalist for the Pee Wee King band.", "Whitey Ford (Benjamin Francis Ford) - The Duke Of Paducah - Died 6-20-1986 in Nashville, TN, U.S. ( Country ) Born 5-12-1901 in DeSoto, MO, U.S. - Comedian and banjoist - Country Music Hall Of Fame Inductee .", "Randall Hank Williams (born May 26, 1949), known professionally as Hank Williams Jr., is an American singer, songwriter and musician. His musical style is often considered a blend of Southern rock, blues, and traditional country. He is the son of legendary country music singer Hank Williams and the father of Hank Williams III, Holly Williams, Hilary Williams, Samuel Williams, and Katie Williams.", "Carl Perkins - (April 9, 1932 – January 19, 1998), was an American pioneer of rockabilly music, a mix of rhythm and blues and country music, recorded most notably at Sun Records in Memphis, beginning in 1954. At age 6, he began working in the fields, where he heard gospel songs; at night, his father tuned in country music on the radio. John Westbrook, an older field hand, taught him blues guitar, and he began playing and singing country songs with the syncopated attack of the blues. An outstanding performer, his touch on rock and roll music is still heard to this day, especially through his fine compositions and guitar playing. His best known song is \"Blue Suede Shoes\". According to Charlie Daniels, \"Carl Perkins' songs personified the Rockabilly Era, and Carl Perkins' sound personifies the Rockabilly Sound more so than anybody involved in it, because he never changed.\" Perkins's songs have been recorded by artists as influential as Elvis Presley, The Beatles, and Johnny Cash, which further cemented his place in the history of popular music. ' Artist Discography '", "Jack Rhodes (Andrew Jackson Rhodes) - Died in 1968 ( Bluegrass ) Born 1907 in Mineola, TX, U.S. - Songwriter and guitarist - Led  Jack Rhodes' Ramblers - His songs have been recorded by Gene Vincent (\"Woman Love\"), Sonny James (\"Til The Last Leaf Shall Fall From The Tree\"), Elroy Dietzel (\"Rock-n-Bones\"), Jean Shepard, The Cramps, The Byrds, Jim Reeves (\"Gypsy Heart\") and Porter Wagoner (\"A Satisfied Mind\")  - Stepbrother of songwriter, Leon Payne - Nashville Songwriters Hall Of Fame Inductee .", "Arthur Satherley (Arthur Edward  Satherley) (aka Uncle Art) - Died 2-10-1986 in Fountain Valley, CA, U.S. - Born 10-19-1889 in Bristol, England - Producer and talent scout - Worked with Gene Autry, Bob Wills, The Pickard Family, Carson Robison, Vernon Dalhart, The Allen Brothers, The Callahan Brothers, Ida Cox, Doc Roberts, Alberta Hunter, Asa Martin, Blind Lemon Jefferson, Al Dexter, Memphis Minnie, Cliff & Bill Carlisle, Roy Acuff, Bill Monroe, Tex Ritter, Red Foley, George Morgan, Spade Cooley, Ted Daffan, Ma Rainey, Big Bill Broonzy, Josh White, Leroy Carr and Johnny Bond -  Country Music Hall Of Fame Inductee .", "Rodgers, Jimmie Hotel Taft 61 Seventh Avenue New York, New York Singer Jimmie Rodgers, known as “The Singing Brakeman” and “America’s Blue Yodeler” died here at the Hotel Taft. Also thought of as “The Father of Country Music,” the 35-year-old singer had suffered from complications due to TB when, numbed by morphine and alcohol, he succumbed to the disease on May 26, 1933. The list of those whom Rodgers influenced directly is very long and includes Gene Autry, Bill Monroe, Ernest Tubb, Hank Snow, Hank Williams, Johnny Cash, Merle Haggard and many others. While the hotel is long gone, a TGI Friday’s restaurant occupies the site.", "    1918-Birthday of country music publisher Wesley Rose. Wesley and his father Fred are credited with demolishing the barriers between pop and country music by successfully selling the songs of Hank Williams in the pop market. When Williams wrote \"Cold, Cold Heart,\" Wesley Rose traveled from Nashville to New York to try to sell the song. The only person who would listen to him was Mitch Miller, director of pop music at Columbia Records. Miller gave the song to an aspiring young singer named Tony Bennett. Bennett's 1951 recording of \"Cold, Cold Heart\" sold a million copies. Wesley Rose died on April 26th, 1990.", "in 1959 - The Big Bopper/Jiles Perry dies at age 28. American disc jockey, singer, and songwriter whose big voice and exuberant personality made him an early rock and roll star. Born in Sabine Pass, Texas, he worked part time at Beaumont, Texas radio station KTRM now KZZB. He was hired by the station full-time in '49, so he quit college. Big Bopper, who played guitar, began his musical career as a song writer, George Jones later recorded his \"White Lightning\", in 1959 and he also wrote \"Running Bear\" for his friend Johnny Preston, Big Bopper also sang background on \"Running Bear\", but the recording wasn't released until September 1959, after his death. Within several months it became No.1. He is maybe best known for his solo recording and self penned \"Chantilly Lace\" (As above... he died in a plane crash while on tour with Buddy Holly and Ritchie Valens)", "His father died of a brain hemorrhage in 1945, an event that deeply affected Haggard during his childhood and the rest of his life. To support the family, his mother worked as a bookkeeper. At 12, his brother, Lowell, gave him his used guitar. Haggard learned to play alone, with the records he had at home, influenced by Bob Wills, Lefty Frizzell, and Hank Williams. As his mother was absent due to work, Haggard became progressively rebellious. His mother sent him for a weekend to a juvenile detention center to change his attitude, but it worsened.", "Eddie Cochran (3 Oct 1938 - 17 Apr 1960) was born in Minnesota, USA, but moved with his family to California in the early 1950s.  He began playing music at high school, and writing songs with Jerry Capehart, who became his manager.  His first success came when he performed the song \"Twenty Flight Rock\" in the 1956 film \"The Girl Can't Help It\", prompting Liberty Records to offer him a recording contract.  More hits followed, but his career was cut short when he was killed in a road accident whilst on tour in England. ", "Dec. 8, 1999 - Gray Owen's nephew reports: \"I regret to inform you that I've just received word that my uncle, Grady Owen, passed away November 16 in the Philippeans. I have no word yet on cause or circumstances. I also just wanted to say thanks to Rod and Bob at the Rockabilly Hall of Fame. If you had not requested a bio of Grady, I might never have made the effort to track him down and contact him. Because of your request, I was able to maintain a pleasant correspondance with him the last year and a half, and learn a great deal about his fascinating life and career in the music biz, especially his days with Gene Vincent. Grady is survived by his Wife, Teting, and a number of children, who I will list when I can get that info together. I'll also try to send some additional info for the bio which I had received from him after the article was written. Grady was thrilled to know that he still had fans, and was a part of your website. He received a number of letters from old friends and fans because of it, and I think it certainly enriched the last year of his life.\"", "Tex Ritter born Woodard Maurice Ritter in Panola County Texas on January 12, 1905, and died in Nashville, Tennessee on January 2, 1974. He became one of the best-known singing cowboys in western movies. Tex's youngest son, John Ritter, became a popular TV star in the '70s and '80s.", "Born William Robinson, Jr., February 19, 1940, in Detroit, Ml; married Claudette Rogers (a singer), November 7, 1959 (divorced): children; Berry William, Tamla Claudette.", "1930 ● Claude “Curly” Putman, Jr. → Nashville-based country-pop songwriter who wrote “Green, Green Grass Of Home,” covered by Porter Wagoner (Country #4, 1965), Tom Jones (#11, Easy #12, UK #1, 1966), Elvis Presley , Grateful Dead and many others, Paul McCartney ‘s “Junior’s Farm” (#3, UK #16, 1974) was inspired by a visit to Putman’s Tennessee farm, died from congestive heart and kidney failures on 10/30/2016, age 85", "1945 ● Mitch Ryder (William Levise, Jr.) → Frontman and vocals for classic rock ‘n’ roll garage band The Detroit Wheels, “Devil With A Blue Dress On/Good Golly Miss Molly” (#4, 1966) and 25 albums as a solo artist since 1967", "Country music singer and movie actor popular from the mid-1930s into the 1960s, and the father of actor John Ritter. He is a member of the Country Music Hall of Fame. Click picture to view websight.", "Dick: I think it had to have been something in both the environment and the genes, because our dad was a wonderful songwriter, named Al Sherman and he wrote some great hits in the ’20s and ’30s like “Now’s The Time To Fall In Love,” “You’ve Got To Be A Football Hero” and many, many others. Music was in the family. My mother was an actress, but she played piano beautifully, classical piano. Dad was always playing his pop songs and beautiful melodies.", "in 1954 - Fred Rose dies at age 56. American songwriter and music publishing executive born in Evansville, Indiana; he started playing piano and singing as a small boy. In his teens, he moved to Chicago, Illinois where he worked in bars busing for tips, and finally vaudeville. Eventually, he became successful as a songwriter, penning his first hit for entertainer Sophie Tucker. In 1942 in Nashville, he teamed up with Grand Ole Opry star Roy Acuff to create the first Nashville-based music publishing company. Their Acuff-Rose Music was almost immediately successful, particularly with the enormous hits of Hank Williams. While running the business, Fred continued to write numerous country songs and eventually became one of the industry's most important personalities. Fred also wrote songs under the name of Floyd Jenkins. Along with Hank Williams and Jimmie Rodgers, Fred was one of the three charter members of the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1961. He was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1970 and into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1985", "Singer and songwriter, born in Hartford, Connecticut, USA. His first hit as a writer came with ‘Rubber Ball’ (1961), recorded by Bobby Vee. He also wrote ‘Hello Mary Lou’, a hit for Ricky Nelson in 1961, and one of his most revived songs. Among his hits as a singer were ‘I Wanna Love My Life Away’ (1961), ‘24 Hours From Tulsa’ (1963), and ‘Something's Gotten Hold Of My Heart’ (1967). He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2002.", "It’s in his blood. Dad, Guy, wrote songs for Elvis Presley, Cliff Richard, Ray Charles and many others.", "in 1922 - Rose Lee Maphis (US country singer & entertainer with her husband Joe) is born", "musician: guitar, singer: group: Nitty Gritty Dirt Band: Mr. Bojangles, Modern Day Romance, Long Hard Road", "He was 93, and leaves a legacy of music and humor, bound together in some of country music�s most smile-provoking songs, including �Did You Have To Bring That Up (While I Was Eatin�),� �Hole in the Bottom of the Sea� and signature tune, �I�m My Own Grandpa.�", "In 1964, he made his recording debut with \"Long Gone Lonesome Blues\", one of his father's many classic songs." ]

[ 2.9140625, 1.3330078125, 0.65576171875, -0.97265625, -1.8115234375, -1.9267578125, -2.580078125, -4.265625, -4.98046875, -5.2421875, -5.24609375, -5.265625, -5.3203125, -5.3984375, -5.43359375, -6.00390625, -6.3671875, -6.66796875, -6.8671875, -6.9296875, -6.984375, -7.1640625, -7.34375, -7.34765625, -7.42578125, -7.796875, -8.3359375, -8.8671875, -9.0703125, -9.1796875, -9.453125, -9.546875 ]

[ "Richard Gere graduated from North Syracuse Central High School in 1967, where he was a member of the student council, gymnastics, lacrosse, ski, and music team (he played the trumpet and wrote music for high school productions). He won a gymnastics scholarship to the University of Massachusetts in Amherst, Massachusetts, where he majored in philosophy and drama. Two years later, in 1969, Gere dropped out to pursue acting. He also pursued a professional trumpeting career.", "Richard Gere Attended The University Of Massachusetts Amherst On A Gymnastics Scholarship Majoring | Richard Gere", "Humanitarian and actor Richard Gere was born on August 31, 1949, in Philadelphia, the second of five children of Doris Ann (Tiffany), a homemaker, and Homer George Gere, an insurance salesman, both Mayflower descendants. Richard started early as a musician, playing a number of instruments in high school and writing music for high school productions. He graduated from North Syracuse Central High School in 1967, and won a gymnastics scholarship to the University of Massachusetts in Amherst, where he majored in philosophy. He left college after two years to pursue acting, landing a lead role in the London production of the rock musical \"Grease\" in 1973. The following year he would be in other plays, such as \"Taming of the Shrew.\" Onscreen, he had a few roles, and gained recognition in Looking for Mr. Goodbar (1977). Offscreen, he spent 1978 meeting Tibetans when he traveled to Nepal, where he spoke to many monks and lamas. Read more on iMDB", "He went on to star in several hit films including An Officer and a Gentleman, Pretty Woman, Primal Fear, and Chicago, for which he won a Golden Globe Award as Best Actor, as well as a Screen Actors Guild Award as part of the Best Cast. He attended the University of Massachusetts Amherst on a gymnastics scholarship, majoring in philosophy, but did not graduate, leaving after two years. However, after 1982, Gere’s career was dogged by several box office failures.", "In 1967, Gere graduated from North Syracuse Central High School, where he excelled at gymnastics and music, playing the trumpet. He attended the University of Massachusetts Amherst on a gymnastics scholarship, majoring in philosophy, but did not graduate, leaving after two years. ", "He received a gymnastics scholarship to the University of Massachusetts Amherst, where he majored in philosophy; he dropped out in 1969 to pursue acting.", "One rare feature of the United States sports landscape, as compared to that of other nations, is the extent to which sports are associated with educational institutions. In many regions of the country, college sports (either local teams, or those of a large state university), especially in football and men's basketball, enjoy followings that rival or surpass those of major professional teams. (In fact, 8 of the 10 largest stadiums in the world — all seating more than 100,000 spectators — are for U.S. college football teams, and the country's largest arena designed specifically for basketball houses a college team.) The primary governing body for U.S. college sports is the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ), which has over 1,000 member schools, including essentially all of the country's best-known colleges and universities. The college football season runs from roughly September 1 through mid-December, with postseason bowl games running into early January. The college basketball regular season begins in mid-November and ends in late February or early March, followed by conference tournaments and then national post-season tournaments that run through early April. The NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament, popularly known as \"March Madness\" (an NCAA trademark), is especially widely followed even by casual sports fans. Rowing enthusiasts may wish to watch the Harvard–Yale Regatta, a 4-mile long race held in Connecticut every year between the men's coxed eight rowing teams of naturally, Harvard University and Yale University.", "MIT sponsors 31 varsity sports and has one of the three broadest NCAA Division III athletic programs.  MIT participates in the NCAA's Division III, the New England Women's and Men's Athletic Conference, the New England Football Conference, the Pilgrim League for men's lacrosse, NCAA's Division I Eastern Association of Women's Rowing Colleges (EAWRC) for women's crew, and the Collegiate Water Polo Association (CWPA) for Men's Water Polo. Men's crew competes outside the NCAA in the Eastern Association of Rowing Colleges (EARC). In April 2009, budget cuts lead to MIT eliminating eight of its 41 sports, including the mixed men's and women's teams in alpine skiing and pistol; separate teams for men and women in ice hockey and gymnastics; and men's programs in golf and wrestling. ", "Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on August 31, 1949, Richard Gere studied at the University of Massachusetts, became a pop musician, and went on to gain extensive experience as a stage actor. Gere received acclaim for an off-Broadway appearance in Killer's Head, then made his big-screen debut with a small role in Report to the Commissioner. His other films include Yanks, American Gigolo, An Officer and A Gentleman, Pretty Woman, Chicago and Shall We Dance?.", "Richard Tiffany Gere ( ; born August 31, 1949) is an American actor and humanitarian activist. He began acting in the 1970s, playing a supporting role in Looking for Mr. Goodbar and a starring role in Days of Heaven. He came to prominence in 1980 for his role in the film American Gigolo, which established him as a leading man and a sex symbol. He went on to star in several hit films, including An Officer and a Gentleman, Pretty Woman, Primal Fear, Runaway Bride, Arbitrage and Chicago, for which he won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor and a Screen Actors Guild Award for part of the Best Cast.", "The school's most prominent team is its men's lacrosse team. The team has won 44 national titles – nine Division I (2007, 2005, 1987, 1985, 1984, 1980, 1979, 1978, 1974), 29 United States Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association (USILA), and six Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association (ILA) titles. Hopkins' primary national rivals are Princeton University, Syracuse University, and the University of Virginia; its primary intrastate rivals are Loyola University Maryland (competing in what is called the \"Charles Street Massacre\"), Towson University, the United States Naval Academy, and the University of Maryland. The rivalry with Maryland is the oldest. The schools have met 111 times since 1899, three times in playoff matches.", "Richard continued his athletic success after high school. He played basketball for the University of Lethbridge (CWUAA). In his rookie year, he was fourth in league scoring and was named a Second Team All-Star Select. Richard transferred to the University of Calgary for his third and fourth years and played football for the Dinos. He played defensive halfback and was the league-leading punt and kick-off returner in 1979. While at the University of Calgary, Richard was drafted by both the Edmonton Eskimos and the Montreal Alouettes.", "With the large number of local colleges and universities around Albany, college sports are popular. The University at Albany's Great Danes currently play at the Division I level in all sports. The football team is a member of the [http://www.caasports.com/ Colonial Athletic Association] (CAA), while all other sports teams play as members of the America East Conference (AEC). In 2006, UAlbany became the first SUNY-affiliated school to send a team to the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament. UAlbany has also hosted the New York Giants training camp since 1996. The Siena Saints have seen a rise in popularity after their men's basketball team made it to the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship (March Madness) in 2008, 2009, and 2010. All 18 Saints teams are Division I and play in the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC). Although Siena's campus is in nearby Colonie, the men's basketball team plays at the TU Center.", "While in junior high school, Zellweger participated in several sports, including soccer, basketball, baseball, and football. She attended Katy High School, where she was a cheerleader, gymnast, speech team member, and drama club member. In 1986 her academic paper, \"The Karankawas and Their Roots,\" won third place in the first ever Houston Post High School Natural Science Essay Contest. After high school, she enrolled at the University of Texas at Austin, where she graduated with a B.A. in English in 1991. While at university, Zellweger took a drama course as an elective, which initially sparked her interest in acting. ", "In the same year, Naismith entered McGill University in Montreal. Although described as a slight figure, standing 5 foot 10 ½ and listed at 168 pounds, he was a talented and versatile athlete, representing McGill in Canadian football, lacrosse, rugby, soccer and gymnastics. He played center on the football team, and made himself some padding to protect his ears. It was for personal use not team use. He won multiple Wicksteed medals for outstanding gymnastics performances. Naismith earned a BA in Physical Education (1888) and a Diploma at the Presbyterian College in Montreal (1890). From 1891 on, Naismith taught physical education and became the first McGill director of athletics, but then left Montreal to become a physical education teacher at the YMCA International Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts.", "Various universities recruited Clayton for water polo including Pepperdine, UCLA, UC Santa Barbara, and UC Berkeley. Clayton chose to attend Pepperdine University with a water polo scholarship and started all four years and as captain his junior and senior year. The team finished 2nd in the nation his junior year in 2004, and was named All-American Honorable Mention. He performed as a member of the prestige Hosts in Pepperdine's mini-musical competition, Songfest, and also performed in the student-run dance showcase Dance In Flight for three years. He graduated with honors with a BA in Film Studies.", "Redford won a baseball scholarship to the University of Colorado, but he did not distinguish himself as an athlete there. Instead, \"I became the campus drunk and blew out before I could ever get going,\" he told People magazine in a 1998 interview. Some reports say he dropped out, while others say that Redford was expelled from the university. In either case, he soon decided to move to Europe and become an artist.", "Such is the competitive spirit between the universities that it is common for Olympic standard rowers to compete, notably including four-time Olympic gold medallist Sir Matthew Pinsent, who rowed for Oxford in 1990, 1991, and 1993. Olympic gold medallists from 2000 – Tim Foster (Oxford 1997), Luka Grubor (Oxford 1997), Andrew Lindsay (Oxford 1997, 1998, 1999) and Kieran West (Cambridge 1999, 2001, 2006, 2007), 2004 – Ed Coode (Oxford 1998), and 2008 - Jake Wetzel (Oxford 2006) and Malcolm Howard (Oxford 2013, 2014) have also rowed for their university.", "An excelled musician, Richard Gere began acting by joining the Provincetown Playhouse and Seattle Repertory Theatre for one season each (1969-1970). He debuted on Broadway, reprising his role in the original London stage version of the hit musical \"Grease,\" playing Danny Zuko. He also became one of the few Americans ever to work with Britain's Young Vic Theater, with which he appeared in �The Taming of the Shrew.� Gere subsequently appeared on television in the drama Chelsea D.H.O. (1973, starring Frank Converse). Two years later, Gere made his first appearance in a motion picture, with a small part in Milton Katselas's adaptation of James Mills' novel, the crime drama Report to the Commissioner. He followed it up with a more significant role in the made-for-TV movie Strike Force (1975) and then in John D. Hancock's drama film Baby Blue Marine (1976, starring Jan-Michael Vincent). He also returned on stage as part of the cast of an off-Broadway production of Sam Shepard's �Killer's Head� (1975).", "In 2008, the Vassar men's volleyball team made the school's first appearance in a national championship game, beating UC-Santa Cruz 3-0 in the semifinal before falling to Springfield in the championship game. [20]", "There are a few minor supporting players. John Gielgud and Lindsay Anderson play Masters at Cambridge in a few brief scenes, spent mostly looking down into the quad from above while discussing the students. Alice Krige plays the Jewish runner’s love interest, proving (as she did in Ghost Story that same year) that she looked good wearing period clothes from the 1920s. Brad Davis has a very small role as a famous American runner.", "Richard Gere and supermodel Cindy Crawford enter Lincoln Center in New York on May 2, 1994 for the 1994 Humanitarian Award from T.J. Martell Foundation for Leukemia, Cancer, and AIDS Research.", "Alex receives a scholarship to fictional Leland University, which is located close enough for Alex to continue to live at home and commute. Keaton excels at Leland University and teaches an economics course as a teaching assistant. Alex also holds a disdain for nearby Grant College (which Mallory later attends), and goes as far as mocking their classes. While attending Leland, he has two serious girlfriends. His first was artist/feminist, Ellen Reed (Tracy Pollan, whom Fox later married). After they break up, Keaton pursues a liberal psychology student with feminist leanings, Lauren Miller, who was played by Courteney Cox. This relationship ends when he has an affair with music major Martie Brodie (played by Jane Adams) while Lauren is out of town. After graduation, Alex accepts a job on Wall Street.", "Woods ultimately chose to pursue his undergraduate studies at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he majored in political scienceStated on Inside the Actors Studio, 2000 (though he originally planned a career as an eye surgeon). While at MIT, Woods pledged to Theta Delta Chi Fraternity. He was also an active member of the student theatre group \"Dramashop\" where he both acted in and directed a number of plays. In order to pursue a career in acting, he dropped out of MIT in 1969 before his graduation. Woods has said that he became an actor thanks to Tim Affleck (father of actor Ben Affleck), who was a stage manager at the Theatre Company of Boston while Woods was a student there. ", "On December 12, 1991, Richard Gere exchanged wedding vows with supermodel Cindy Cawford at the Little Church of the West, in Las Vegas, but they divorced in 1995. That same year, he began dating actress Carey Lowell and the couple eventually tied the knot on November 9, 2002. Gere and Lowell have one son, Homer James Jigme Gere (\"Jigme\" means \"fearless\" in Tibetan), born on February 6, 2000.", "As the flagship campus of the University of Massachusetts (UMass), the University of Massachusetts - Amherst serves more than 27,000 students and is the largest public university in Massachusetts and in New England. It is near West Springfield .", "Daniel E. Doyle, Jr. is founder and executive director of the Institute of International Sport at the University of Rhode Island. Widely-acclaimed institute initiatives include National Sportsmanship Day, The World Scholar-Athlete Games, and the Center for Sports Parenting. Doyle holds a master of arts degree from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University. He has addressed sports ethics with student athletes for the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) on over 100 college campuses and has received two honorary doctorates for his work in sports education. ", "Mr. Keach was a Fulbright scholar to the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art, attended the University of California at Berkeley and the Yale Drama School. He has always been a star of the American stage, especially in Shakespearen roles such as Hamlet, Henry 5, Coriolanus, Falstaff, Macbeth, Richard 3, and most recently, King Lear.", "Movies Made In MassachusettsThe Great Debaters - 2007Denzel Washington stars in 2007's \"The Great Debaters.\" Scenes were filmed in Boston and at Harvard University in Cambridge. (credit: AP)", "Brandeis University is an American private research university in Waltham, Massachusetts, 9 miles (14 km) west of Boston. ", "In 1985, Boston received the NCAA Silver Anniversary Award for college athletes who have gone on to become successful in other areas.", "Jialu Chen was so intent on studying at a liberal-arts college that she applied to 28 before eventually settling on Mount Holyoke College, in part because of a generous financial-aid package. \"They really value education and develop you to be a full person,\" says Ms. Chen, a mathematics and international-relations major from Shanghai. \"They give you a lot of attention.\"" ]

[ 6.17578125, 4.90234375, 4.44921875, 3.796875, 1.4931640625, -1.48828125, -2.57421875, -2.76953125, -2.84765625, -3.130859375, -3.634765625, -3.701171875, -3.82421875, -4.3984375, -4.61328125, -4.83203125, -4.96875, -5.421875, -6.1015625, -6.125, -6.53125, -7.14453125, -7.39453125, -7.4609375, -7.5859375, -7.8046875, -9.90625, -10.2265625, -10.25, -10.4453125, -10.90625, -11.015625 ]

[ "Hope was an avid golfer, playing in as many as 150 charity tournaments a year. Introduced to the game in the 1930s while performing in Winnipeg, he eventually played to a four handicap. His love for the game—and the humor he could find in it—made him a sought-after foursome member. He once remarked that President Dwight D. Eisenhower gave up golf for painting – \"fewer strokes, you know.\" \"It's wonderful how you can start out with three strangers in the morning, play 18 holes, and by the time the day is over you have three solid enemies,\" he once said.", "Hope was an avid golfer. He was introduced to the game in the 1930s, and eventually played to a four handicap . His love for the game, and the humor he could find in it, made him a much sought-after foursome member. He once remarked that President Dwight D. Eisenhower gave up golf for painting – “fewer strokes, you know.” [20] In 1978, he putted against a then two-year-old Tiger Woods in a television appearance on The Mike Douglas Show . By the 1980s, a golf club became an integral prop for Hope during the stand-up segments of his television specials and USO Shows.", "Hope was an avid golfer, playing in as many as 150 charity tournaments a year. [66] Introduced to the game in the 1930s while performing in Winnipeg, [67] he eventually played to a four handicap . His love for the game—and the humor he could find in it—made him a sought-after foursome member. He once remarked that President Dwight D. Eisenhower gave up golf for painting – \"fewer strokes, you know.\" [68] \"It's wonderful how you can start out with three strangers in the morning, play 18 holes, and by the time the day is over you have three solid enemies,\" he once said. [69]", "With his days of playing baseball long behind him, the President's favorite sport was now golf. He was known to play rain or shine. He even painted his ball red in order to see it in the snow. But for all his eagerness, he was a classic duffer. \"Golf,\" Wilson said, was \"an ineffectual attempt to put an elusive ball into an obscure hole with implements ill-adapted to the purpose.\"", "“Nelson Mandela once said that ‘Sport has the power to change the world.’  Golf has given me that ability through my career and foundation,” said Gary Player.  “I only hope to continue doing more.”", "Cooke took up golf in his mid-fifties, developing a fascination with the game, despite never attaining an extraordinary level of skill. [11] He was driven by his love of golf to devote many of his Letters from America to the topic, speaking once of the thrill of learning \"how much more awesome was the world of golf than the world of politics.\" [11] Cooke became close friends with many of the leading golfers of the era: Jack Nicklaus , in the introduction to a compilation of Cooke's writing on golf, recounts his many notable achievements, but describes him as \"most of all ... a friend.\" [11]", "During the 1977 Ryder Cup at Royal Lytham & St Annes, Nicklaus approached the PGA of Great Britain about the urgency to improve the competitive level of the contest. The issue had been discussed earlier the same day by both past PGA of America President Henry Poe and British PGA President Lord Derby. Nicklaus pitched his ideas, adding: \"It is vital to widen the selection procedures if the Ryder Cup is to continue to enjoy its past prestige.\" The changes in team selection procedure were approved by descendants of the Samuel Ryder family, along with The PGA of America. The major change was expanding selection procedures to include players from the European Tournament Players' Division, and \"that European Members be entitled to play on the team.\" This meant that professional players on the European Tournament Players' Division, the forerunner to the European Tour we have today, from continental Europe would be eligible to play in the Ryder Cup.", "Gary Player DMS; OIG is a South African professional golfer, widely regarded as one of the greatest players in the history of golf. Over his career, Player accumulated an impressive nine major championships on the regular tour and six Champions Tour major championship victories, as well as three Senior British Open Championships on the European Senior Tour. At the age 29, Player won the 1965 U.S. Open and became the only non-American to win all four majors, known as the career Grand Slam. Player became only the third golfer in history to win the Grand Slam, following Ben Hogan and Gene Sarazen. Since then, only Jack Nicklaus and Tiger Woods have won the Grand Slam. Player has won 165 tournaments on six continents over six decades and was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 1974. Born in Johannesburg, Player has logged more than 25 million kilometres in travel, which is more than any other athlete. Nicknamed the Black Knight, Mr. Fitness, and the International Ambassador of Golf, Player is also a renowned golf course architect with more than 325 design projects on 5 continents throughout the world. He has also authored or co-written 36 golf books.", "William Ben Hogan (August 13, 1912 – July 25, 1997) was an American professional golfer, generally considered one of the greatest players in the history of the game. Born within six months of two other acknowledged golf greats of the 20th century, Sam Snead and Byron Nelson, Hogan is notable for his profound influence on golf swing theory and his legendary ball-striking ability.", "With his impressive victory in February 1971, at PGA National Golf Club (now BallenIsles Country Club) in Palm Beach Gardens, Fla., Nicklaus became the first professional to win the modern Grand Slam of golf for a second time. It also was the start of a 13-year run in which Nicklaus would win four PGA Championships, finish runner- up twice and place nine times in the top four. Nicklaus' 1973 Championship victory gave him 14 major Championships, surpassing Bobby Jones' mark set 43 years earlier. Nicklaus tied Hagen for the most PGA Championships in 1980, winning his fifth crown at Oak Hill Country Club by a record seven-stroke margin.", "Almost a decade after his first title in 1942, Snead won his second PGA at the famed Oakmont (Pa.) Country Club. Following that victory by Snead in 1951, 19 golfers were crowned as PGA champion from 1952 to 1970. In 1957, Lionel Hebert defeated Dow Finsterwald, 3-and-1 in the final, to win the last PGA Championship contested in match-play format.", "There have been prettier swingers of the club than Jack Nicklaus. There may have been better ball-strikers than Jack Nicklaus. There have definitely been better short-game exponents than Jack Nicklaus. Other golfers have putted as well as Jack Nicklaus. There may have been golfers as dedicated and fiercely competitive as Jack Nicklaus. But no individual has been able to develop, combine and sustain all of the complex physical skills and the immense mental and emotional resources the game demands at its highest level as well as Jack Nicklaus has for as long as he has.", "Bobby Jones was born into a wealthy family in Atlanta in 1902. His father's membership at East Lake Country Club was to the advantage of young Bobby Jones who became an exceptional teenage golfer when he began modeling his technique after the club's designated professional. As Jones began to grow older he became frustrated with his limited golfing skills and chose to forfeit games and throw his club when defeat was eminent. In 1923 his reputation as a poor sport inexplicably changed into a reputation of maturity and dignity as well as skillfullness. His reign of golfing championship had begun and he proceeded to conquer thirteen championships. He is better known for his honesty, willingness to penalize himself, and his humility taking form in his refusal to accept monetary prizes for his wins. He was considered an admirable role model in homes of the 1920's era.", "He has also been known to reach out to younger golfers. One notable example came in 1984, when a teenage Canadian golfer who had previously met Nicklaus at an exhibition wrote him for career advice. The young golfer was right-handed but played left-handed; although he was showing considerable promise as a left-hander, he had been told that he might be an even better player if he switched to right-handed play. He wrote Nicklaus asking for advice; Nicklaus immediately wrote back telling him not to change if he was comfortable playing left-handed. The young Canadian, Mike Weir, decided to stay with left-handed play, and eventually became a Masters champion. He still keeps Nicklaus' letter framed in his home. ", "Even though official PGA Tour statistics did not begin until 1980, Nicklaus was consistently the leader in greens hit in regulation through that year, displaying great command of the long and middle irons. Indeed, Nicklaus remained in the top six of this category through 1985 – far past his best playing years. Nicklaus also finished 10th in driving distance and 13th in driving accuracy in 1980 at age 40, which equated to a \"Total Driving\" composite of 23 – a statistical level not attained since, by a comfortable margin. Nicklaus led this category through 1982. One key to Nicklaus' ball-striking ability and overall power was his exceptional swing tempo. Of this Tom Watson referred to it as Nicklaus' greatest strength in its ability to remain smooth. This proved an asset, especially under pressure, which allowed him to obtain great distance control with his irons.", "Player has almost always \"spoken his mind\" and been considered a controversial albeit frank and forthright professional golfer. He has been a pioneer of diet, health and fitness although he upset the Atkins Diet organization by disagreeing with their \"all protein\" approach. He was branded a \"traitor\" by South African Nationalist Government supporters for inviting and bringing both black tennis pro Arthur Ashe and golfer Lee Elder to play in South Africa. He was the first golfer to call on mandatory drug testing on all tours around the world.", "In 1980, a movie came out that changed the landscape of golf forever. For many \"Caddyshack\" was not just a movie, but a way of life, as lines from the movie have been used on golf courses as often as \"fore!\"", "He began to court the next generation of pros who had grown up when he was at his peak and who had a reverence for his six major wins. Some had already come through the Faldo Series, an initiative he launched in 1996 to encourage young European golfers. He also wrote a touchy-feely column in a Sunday broadsheet to go with his new TV gig with CBS. Not that he became completely bland: when commentating he complained that modern European stars were overly friendly with each other and too happy to take huge pay cheques for finishing outside first place. He even criticised Tiger Woods' swing.", "During the offseason, Nicklaus addressed two problems which had hurt his performance. His lifelong teacher Jack Grout noticed that he had become much too upright with his full swing, causing a steep, oblique approach into the ball, compared with a more direct hit; this was corrected by slightly flattening his backswing. Then Nicklaus' short game, never a career strength, was further developed with the help of Phil Rodgers , a friend for more than 20 years, and earlier PGA Tour rival, who had become a fine coach. Rodgers lived for a time at the Nicklaus home while this work was going on. [17]", "__Paul Azinger:__That's nice of Chip to say it was his idea, but my memory is that I suggested it. Either way, we didn't know we were breaching a rule. No. 7, a par 5, was the only hole where we violated that rule. [Using Azinger's 100-compression ball, the Americans were just short of hitting the green in two and halved the hole.] They were passionate when they objected on No. 10 tee. I think they wanted to claim violations on holes 7, 8 and 9 and claim those holes. As it turned out, those holes had already been played, so they weren't able to make the claim. And we violated the rule only on No. 7 anyway.", "He was named Sports Illustrated's Sportsman of the Year in 1978, winning his 3rd career British Open. For his incredible run in the 1970's, he was then named \"Athlete of the Decade\" in a poll of 432 sports journalists. He added 2 more majors in 1980: the U.S. Open and PGA Championship, giving him an astonishing 17 for his career.", "\"There have been prettier swingers of the club than Jack Nicklaus. There may have been better ball-strikers than Jack Nicklaus. There have definitely been better short-game exponents than Jack Nicklaus. Other golfers have putted as well as Jack Nicklaus. There may have been golfers as dedicated and fiercely competitive as Jack Nicklaus. But no individual has been able to develop, combine and sustain all of the complex physical skills and the immense mental and emotional resources the game demands at its highest level as well as Jack Nicklaus has for as long as he has.\"", "During the offseason, Nicklaus addressed two problems which had hurt his performance. His lifelong teacher Jack Grout noticed that he had become much too upright with his full swing, causing a steep, oblique approach into the ball, compared with a more direct hit; this was corrected by slightly flattening his backswing. Then Nicklaus' short game, never a career strength, was further developed with the help of Phil Rodgers, a friend for more than 20 years, and earlier PGA Tour rival, who had become a fine coach. Rodgers lived for a time at the Nicklaus home while this work was going on.", "The Claret Jug was won the following year by another South African, Gary Player, one of professional golf's \"Big Three\" who took the sport to new heights of popularity during the 1960s. Player, Arnold Palmer and Jack Nicklaus each captured the British Open two times each by 1970, with both Nicklaus and Player winning one more time in the 1970s.", "1944 - Ed Sneed (golf: PGA champ: 1973 Kaiser International [1973], 1974 Greater Milwaukee Open [1974], 1977 Tallahassee Open [1977], Michelob-Houston Open [1982]; TV golf analyst)", "His peers, who included Arnold Palmer and Jack Nicklaus in their primes, knew it. “I don’t think Gary was a great driver of the golf ball,” said Nicklaus. “I don’t think he was a great iron player. He was a good putter, not a great putter. But when he really needed to be, he was a great driver, and a great iron player, and he made the putt when he needed to make it. Gary, as much as anyone I ever saw, has that thing inside him that champions have.”", "By the time of Player’s second triumph, in 1974, he was well established as one of the game’s top players and one of only four men to have won all four of the game’s major championships. He also was known as a physical fitness buff whose stamina and work ethic were legendary.", "He found two things that were consistently costing him strokes: sloppy chipping and poor concentration. He made it his New Year’s Resolution in 1945 to improve his short game and concentrate harder to eliminate careless shots.", "His other majors included the 1972 PGA Championship, the 1968 and 1974 British Opens, and the 1974 and 1978 Masters. The last is perhaps Player’s proudest victory. He began the final round seven strokes out of the lead. But at age 42, he birdied seven of the final 10 to shoot 64 and win by a stroke.", "The 76-year-old Player claimed 165 titles around the world during his career, including 24 on the PGA Tour, among them nine major championships. He is one of five players to capture the career Grand Slam, the others being Sarazen, Nicklaus, Ben Hogan and Tiger Woods.", "The South African invented graphite shafts and from 1974 to 2000 was Technical Director of the USGA. Does he regret not doing more to limit the technological developments that allowed driving distances of the best players to escalate?", "\"Is he as smooth and politically correct as he should be? Probably not. But he'll learn. He's not stupid. He didn't get where he was being dumb,\" Nicklaus said." ]

[ 1.60546875, 1.3681640625, 0.9462890625, -3.96484375, -4.90625, -4.92578125, -5.08203125, -5.8046875, -6.5234375, -6.84375, -6.90625, -7.1328125, -7.140625, -7.23828125, -7.2578125, -7.41796875, -7.71875, -7.84375, -8.0078125, -8.0078125, -8.0390625, -8.046875, -8.1796875, -8.2421875, -8.421875, -8.6015625, -8.953125, -9.1796875, -9.671875, -9.7734375, -10.53125, -10.6015625 ]

[ "That mistress was his then manager's secretary Gill Bennett. He married her in 1986 and they had three children. But it ended in an estimated £7.5million divorce when Faldo, in 1995, took up with buxom blonde 20-year-old University of Arizona golf student Brenna Cepelak.", "Faldo's divorce from Rockall came before his major championship successes, and her settlement was relatively small. He married Bennett in 1986, and the couple had three children: Natalie, Matthew, and Georgia. When Faldo moved to America in 1995 to play full-time on the PGA tour, Bennett stayed at home in England and the marriage ended later that year after Faldo began a relationship with 20-year-old American golfing student Brenna Cepelak. Gill Bennett later revealed that the births of their three children had been induced to avoid any clashes with Faldo's playing schedule. She said of Faldo: \"Socially, he was a 24-handicapper.\"", "He married Bennett in 1986, and the couple had three children: Natalie, Matthew, and Georgia. They split up in 1995 after Faldo began a relationship with 20-year-old American golfing student Brenna Cepelak.", "'Socially a 24-handicapper' was how Faldo's second wife, Gill Bennett, described the introspective English golfer when their 12-year marriage ended in 1995. Bennett's mood wasn't helped by finding a photograph of a leggy blonde among her husband's belongings. The mystery woman turned out to be Faldo's third birdie, an American college golfer, Brenna Cepelak. The relationship lasted until 1998. 'It's always sad when these things end,' he said while carding a nonchalant 65. Cepelak, meanwhile, was busy using her Faldo-enhanced swing to destroy his Porsche with a nine-iron.", "Jack William Nicklaus (born January 21, 1940), nicknamed \"The Golden Bear\", is a retired American professional golfer. He is widely regarded as the greatest golfer of all time, winning a total of 18 career major championships, while producing 19 second-place and 9 third-place finishes in them, over a span of 25 years. Nicklaus focused on the major championships (Masters Tournament, U.S. Open, Open Championship, and PGA Championship), and played a selective schedule of regular PGA Tour events, yet still finished with 73 victories, third on the all-time list behind Sam Snead (82) and Tiger Woods (79).", "Jack William Nicklaus (born January 21, 1940), nicknamed \"The Golden Bear\", is an American professional golfer. By winning a total of 18 career major championships while producing 19 second place and 9 third place finishes in major events on the PGA Tour over a span of 25 years, he is widely regarded as the most accomplished professional golfer of all time. Nicklaus did not play that many tournaments because he wanted to focus on the Majors, but is still second on the PGA-tournament winning list, with 73 victories.", "Frederick Steven Couples (born October 3, 1959) is an American professional golfer who competes on the PGA Tour and the Champions Tour. A former World No. 1, he has won 57 professional tournaments, most notably the 1992 Masters Tournament. In August 2011 he won his maiden senior major at the Senior Players Championship and followed this up in July 2012 when he won the Senior British Open Championship. He was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 2013. Because of his long drives, Couples has been given the nickname “Boom Boom”.", "In November 2003, Woods became engaged to Elin Nordegren, a Swedish model. They were introduced by Swedish golf star Jesper Parnevik, who had employed her as a nanny, during The Open Championship in 2001. They married on October 5, 2004 and live at Isleworth, a community in Windermere, a suburb of Orlando, Florida. They also have homes in Jackson, Wyoming, California, and Sweden . In January 2006, Woods and his wife purchased a US$39 million residential property in Jupiter Island, Florida, which they intend to make their primary residence. Woods' Jupiter Island neighbors will include fellow golfers Gary Player, Greg Norman and Nick Price, as well as singers Celine Dion and Alan Jackson.", "In November 2003, Woods became engaged to Elin Nordegren, a Swedish model. They were introduced during The Open Championship in 2001 by Swedish golf star Jesper Parnevik, who had employed her as a nanny. They married on October 5, 2004 at the Sandy Lane resort on the Caribbean island of Barbados and live at Isleworth, a community in Windermere, a suburb of Orlando, Florida. They also have homes in Jackson, Wyoming, California, and Sweden. In January 2006, Woods and his wife purchased a US$39 million residential property in Jupiter Island, Florida, which they intend to make their primary residence. Woods' Jupiter Island neighbors will include fellow golfers Gary Player, Greg Norman and Nick Price, as well as singers Celine Dion and Alan Jackson. In 2007, a guest house on the Jupiter Island estate was destroyed in a fire caused by lightning.", "In 1981, Greg Norman, the well known golfer, married Laura Andrassy. After nearly 25 years of marriage,in May 2006, Norman announced that he was going to divorce Andrassy. He did not disclose the reasons behind the divorce. However, later it was found that Norman was having an illicit affair with Chris Evert and that was the reason for divorce. The golf legend, Norman, paid a huge amount of $103 million to his wife as per divorce settlement agreement.", "The events leading up to Evert's semipublic scandal are painfully well known. Married to Olympic downhill skier Andy Mill for 18 years, with three children, she fell in love with Mill's friend, golfer Greg (\"The Great White Shark\") Norman. Norman's ex-wife has said that Evert pursued the golfer. Evert's ex-husband has said that Norman chased the tennis player. In any case, Evert left her husband, Norman left his wife of 25 years, and as tongues wagged and scolds tsk-tsked, the high-profile couple embarked on a glamorous, sun-kissed courtship. He sat with her at the U.S. Open; she caddied for him. They were married on Paradise Island, in the Bahamas, in June 2008.", "With 20 major championship wins to his name, the man who came to be known as the \"Golden Bear\" is acknowledged as the most successful golfer in history. It took a while for the public to embrace this bear, however, as he displaced the charismatic Arnold Palmer as the world's top player in the 1960s. Lost his natural chubbiness in the 1970s and 1980s but retained his phenomenal drive and concentration, winning his last US Open in 1986, 24 years after his first.", "He was a prodigy who began to play golf at the age of two. In 1978, he putted against comedian Bob Hope in a television appearance on The Mike Douglas Show, this was the first ever glimpse of a champion to be, the greatest sportsperson of the new millennium He turned pro in 1996 and up till now he has amassed a whooping 71 PGA tour titles and 38 European tour, 3rd in the all time list behind the “Perfect Swinger” Sam Snead and Jack “The Golden Bear” Nicklaus.", "From humble beginnings came the man who would pull of the greatest upset in golf history. Jack Fleck was born in Iowa, the son of destitute farmers who would eventually lose their land. He was a caddy, a dentist and an assistant golf pro before joining the Navy and serving in World War II. Shortly after the war, Fleck made the decision to join the PGA Tour on a full-time basis. His first win would come in 1955, as he knocked off the legendary Ben Hogan in a three-hole playoff to win the U.S. Open. It would wind up being just one of three PGA Tour events Fleck would win during his golfing career.", "      A year that began, uniquely, with no U.S. golfer in possession of a major championship ended with Americans holding three of the four. Ben Crenshaw did not anticipate being the first of them, but after poor early season form, the 43-year-old won his second Masters title at the Augusta ( Ga .) National Golf Club. Crenshaw, the 1984 champion, was overcome with emotion the moment he sank the short putt that gave him a 14-under-par total of 274 and a one-stroke victory over fellow American Davis Love III. Seven days earlier his 90-year-old coach, Harvey Penick, author of Harvey Penick's Little Red Book, which in 1992 became the best-selling sports book of all time, had died in Austin, Texas. The funeral was on the eve of the Masters, yet Crenshaw broke off his practice to be a pallbearer and after his victory said, \"I had a 15th club in my bag—Harvey. It was like someone put their hand on my shoulder and guided me through.\"", "All three American major championships are won by players who had enjoyed successful U.S. Tour careers but had, until 1992, only been able to finish runner-up at best in the majors. First, at the Masters, Fred Couples wins after final-round battle with Raymond Floyd . Then, Tom Kite (U.S. Tour leading money-winner as long ago as 1981) emerges victorious at the U.S. Open after a windswept final round at Pebble Beach that sees many of the third-round leaders shoot high scores. And finally, Nick Price - twice a runner-up at the British Open Championship - wins the PGA Championship, the start of a period of good form that would take him to the world number one position by the end of 1994. The year's other major, the British Open, is won by Nick Faldo - his fifth major title in five years. Faldo rises to the World number one position in 1992.", "Vijay Singh (born 22 February 1963), nicknamed \"The Big Fijian\", is a Fijian professional golfer who was number one in the Official World Golf Rankings for 32 weeks in 2004 and 2005. He has won three major championships (The Masters in 2000 and the PGA Championship in 1998 and 2004) and was the leading PGA Tour money winner in 2003, 2004 and 2008. He was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 2006. He won the FedEx Cup in 2008.An Indo-Fijian of Hindu background, Singh was born in Lautoka, Fiji and grew up in Nadi. His name means Victorious Lion. A resident of Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida, he is known for his meticulous preparation, often staying at the range hours before and after his tournament rounds working on his game.Singh is married to Ardena Seth, who is Malaysian. They have a son, Qass Seth.", "The charismatic and much-loved golfer died on May 7, aged 54, three years after being diagnosed with a brain tumour. The Spaniard, a former World No1, was one of the sport’s leading figures from the mid-1970s to the mid-1990s. He won five major championships, the Open Championship three times, and the Masters Tournament twice.", "He was nonchalant and had an obsession with the game of golf. In 1988, his close friendship with Frank Sinatra ended and they became estranged. They reconciled some years later.", "Her midlife crisis began when, in 2006, she divorced her husband of 18 years, the Olympic downhill skier Andy Mill, because she had fallen in love with Greg “The Great White Shark” Norman, the former world number one golfer, who also happened to be Mill’s friend and business partner. Norman’s wife, Laura Andrassy, accused Evert of ruthless pursuit. “She came after him. I have never seen anything like it,” she said.", "His descent started in November 2009, when he wrecked his car in front of his Isleworth home near Orlando. Allegations and admissions of infidelity emerged, and Woods and his wife, Elin Nordegren, divorced. His family turmoil kept him away from the game until the Masters in April, where he tied for fourth. He also tied for fourth at the U.S. Open, but those have been his only top 10 finishes.", "By 1986, the pressures of playing at the top had become too much for McEnroe to handle, and he took a six-month break from the tour. It was during this sabbatical that on August 1, 1986, he married actress Tatum O'Neal, with whom he had already had a son, Kevin (1986). They had two more children, Sean (1987) and Emily (1991), before divorcing in 1994. When he returned to the tour later in 1986, he won three ATP tournaments, but in 1987 he failed to win a title for the first time since turning pro. He took a seven-month break from the game following the US Open, where he was suspended for two months and fined US$17,500 for misconduct and verbal abuse.", "Woods experience a downturn in his career following a tumultuous end to his 2009 season. A car accident the night after Thanksgiving led to revelations of infidelities in his marriage to Elin Nordegren. Woods took a leave of absence from the PGA Tour, eventually returning at the 2010 Masters. He went winless in the 2010 and 2011 seasons, before ending his drought with a victory at the 2012 Arnold Palmer Invitational.", "In 1986, McEnroe took a sabbatical and married actress Tatum O'Neil, his girlfriend of two years (after the birth of their first child, Kevin) and retreated to his Malibu, California home. His break from tennis did not last long as he came back in August to face Boris Becker in a tournament in Stratton Mountain, Vermont. The match invited comparisons to the earlier Borg-McEnroe rivalries. Unfortunately, his comeback never fully took shape. He continued as a Davis Cup player and his successes in Cup play earned him more press than his occasional singles titles. McEnroe, who has four children, divorced O'Neil in 1992. He married singer Patty Smyth in April of 1997. The couple has two daughters.", "biography BORN 11 September 1957 PLACE Rochester, New York, US TURNED PRO 1980 FAMILY Wife, Linda; one daughter SPECIAL INTERESTS Collecting wine, F1 racing, Chicago Bulls (basketball) CAREER HIGHLIGHTS Won 1988 PGA Championship, won six times on PGA Tour, finished 15th on 2002 moneylist, won four times since joining Champions Tour in 2007 2012 HIGHLIGHTS Three third-place finishes on Champions Tour, six other top-10 finishes", "Daly is known primarily for his \"zero to hero\" victory in the 1991 PGA Championship, his driving distance off the tee (earning him the nickname \"Long John\"), his non-country club appearance and attitude, and his rough-and-tumble personal life. Daly remains one of the most popular and intriguing figures on the Tour, despite his recent lack of success.", "McEnroe is a former Captain of the United States Davis Cup team and as a player was part of five Cup-winning teams. He continues to play tennis and competes in senior events on the ATP Champions Tour. He was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1999 and received the Philippe Chatrier Award in 2007. After his tennis career he became a television commentator, a game show host and a chat show host. Additionally, he has appeared in several films and television shows as himself and has played music live. He has been married since 1997 to musician and former Scandal lead singer Patty Smyth, and they have six children between them (two together).", "McEnroe is a former Captain of the United States Davis Cup team and as a player was part of five Cup-winning teams. He continues to play tennis and competes in senior events on the ATP Champions Tour. He was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1999 and received the Philippe Chatrier Award in 2007. After his tennis career he became a television commentator, a game show host and a chat show host. Additionally, he has appeared in several films and television shows as himself and has played music live. He has been married since 1997 to musician and former Scandal lead singer Patty Smyth; they have six children between them (two together).", "And he was a major force on the Champions Tour in the late 1980s and early 1990s, winning three times in his rookie year of 1987, five times each in 1988 and 1989, and posting several more multi-win seasons after that. His last win on the Champions Tour was the 1996 Hyatt Regency Maui Kaanapali Classic.", "Mr. McCracken�s first marriage, to Lynn White, ended in divorce. In addition to his wife, the former Holly Mershon, he is survived by his mother, Ethel McCracken; his sons, Scott McCracken and Marc Langanus; his daughters, Jodi McCracken Capitanelli and Kimberly Hope; his sister, Pat Stephens; his brother, the Rev. Don McCracken; and three grandchildren.", "Sunday was his 43rd birthday. It was the first time he was equipped with the outright lead going into the last day. His week began with a cross-country trip home to San Diego to watch his oldest daughter graduate from the eighth grade, returning just three hours before his tee time on Thursday. This was the same daughter born the day after his first runner-up finish in 1999. ", "* Only player to post a top-10 finish in at least one major championship in five different decades." ]

[ 1.9443359375, 1.6875, 1.4580078125, 0.59375, -0.004718780517578125, -0.634765625, -2.154296875, -2.18359375, -2.203125, -2.779296875, -2.91015625, -2.953125, -3.771484375, -3.935546875, -4.171875, -4.38671875, -4.6796875, -5.11328125, -5.3203125, -5.44921875, -5.83984375, -6.26953125, -6.49609375, -6.9921875, -7.015625, -7.203125, -7.84375, -7.8828125, -8.296875, -8.3203125, -8.9375, -9.78125 ]

[ "Madeleine Astrid Gurdon, Baroness Lloyd-Webber, (born 30 November 1962) is an English former equestrian sportswoman, and the third and current wife of musical theatre impresario Andrew Lloyd Webber.", "Madeleine Astrid Gurdon, Baroness Lloyd-Webber, (born 30 November 1962) is an English former equestrian sportswoman, and the third and current wife of musical theatre impresario Andrew Lloyd Webber .", "\"Madeleine Gurdon (30 AD ... Madeleine Astrid Gurdon, Baroness Lloyd-Webber, ... and the third and current wife of musical theatre impresario Andrew Lloyd Webber.\" -  source", "Millionaire composer Andrew Lloyd Webber, 42, revealed his new love to the world last week, after announcing that his six-year marriage to Sarah Brightman, was at an end. And while Madeleine �Gurtie� Gurdon, aged 27, is not a musician but combines eventing with her business interests, it seems that the strong musical bond which created show business� brightest couple could not in the end save their marriage.", "Gurdon married Lloyd Webber at his Hampshire home on 9 February 1991. They have three children together; Alastair (born 1992), William (born 1993) and Isabella (born 1996). The family currently resides in London and Hampshire.", "Madeleine \"Gurtie\" Gurdon was born in 1962 to a British Army officer, and his wife, who later retired as a Brigadier . Gurtie was educated at a convent, and [2] was an equestrian competitor for nearly a decade, riding in three-day events in Princess Anne's set. [2] To supplement her riding career, Gurdon designed an exclusive country wear company, featuring leather-and-suede clothing, [2] called The Done Thing, after her favourite dun horse. Gurdon met Lloyd Webber through his Watership Down neighbours, who loved horses.  [3]", "Madeleine \"Gurtie\" Gurdon was born in 1962 to a British Army officer, and his wife, who later retired as a Brigadier. Gurtie was educated at a convent, and was an equestrian competitor for nearly a decade, riding in three-day events in Princess Anne's set. To supplement her riding career, Gurdon designed an exclusive country wear company, featuring leather-and-suede clothing, called The Done Thing, after her favourite dun horse. Gurdon met Lloyd Webber through his Watership Down neighbours, who loved horses.  ", "She was married three times, firstly to Rupert Hart-Davis (between 1929 and 1933), secondly to Theodore Komisarjevsky (in 1934) and thirdly to Jeremy Hutchinson , whom she married in 1940 and divorced in 1965. [1] By her third husband, Peggy had two children, a son Nicholas, born 1946 [1] and a daughter Eliza [1] born in 1941. Her granddaughter is the French singer Emily Loizeau .[ citation needed ]", "March 8, 2007: Pierre Omidyar and Richard Branson, billionaire founder of the Virgin Group. In 2010, Branson established the philanthropic venture Enterprise Zimbabwe with the Nduna Foundation and Humanity United.", "Lakshmi Mittal is the richest man in India, Asia and the United Kingdom, and second in Europe and is presently the sixth richest individual in the world with a personal wealth of US$31.1 billion. He is the 44th \"most powerful person\" of the 68 individuals named in Forbes's Most Powerful People list. His daughter Vanisha Mittal's wedding was the most expensive in the recorded history of the world.", "* Conrad Hilton – founder of the Hilton Hotel chain and great grandfather of Paris Hilton and Nicky Hilton ", "Warren Edward Buffett is an American business magnate, investor, and philanthropist. He is widely regarded as one of the most successful investors in the world. Often introduced as \"legendary investor, Warren Buffett, he is the primary shareholder.He is consistently ranked among the world's wealthiest people.He was ranked as the world's wealthiest person in 2008 and is the third wealthiest person in the world as of 2011. Buffett is called the \"Wizard of Omaha\", \"Oracle of Omaha\" and is noted for his adherence to the value investing philosophy and for his personal frugality despite his immense wealth. Buffett is also a notable philanthropist, having pledged to give away 99 percent of his fortune to philanthropic causes, primarily via the Gates Foundation.", "Of her sons from her first marriage, the elder, Jonathan, is the 3rd Lord Moyne, while the younger, Desmond, founded the Irish Georgian Society. There were two sons from her second marriage; the younger, Max, is President of the Federation Internationale de l'Automobile.Related reports", "Wife Ingrid Tarrant Convinced Host of \"Millionaire\" Show Hiding $20 MillionChris Tarrant, host of the British game show \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire\" has been reportedly warned by his attorneys that his divorce may become more bitter than the much-publicized battle between Heather Mills and Sir Paul McCartney. Tarrant split from his wife Ingrid after he publicly disclosed that he'd had an affair. Ingrid has now accused the British television star of hiding $20 million to avoid a large payout. A source told Britain's Daily Mirror, \"There will be blood on the walls over this.\"", "*Princess Madeleine, Duchess of Hälsingland and Gästrikland (born 10 June 1982). On 8 June 2013, she married Christopher O'Neill, and they are informally styled as the Princess Couple. The couple has two children:", "*Princess Madeleine, Duchess of Hälsingland and Gästrikland, (born 10 June 1982). She is married to Christopher O'Neill, and they have a daughter and a son:", "William Barron Hilton I (born October 23, 1927) is an American socialite, heir, and hotelier, co-chairman of the Hilton Hotels chain, and the original owner of the San Diego Chargers. He is the paternal grandfather of Paris, Nicky, Barron, and Conrad Hilton.", ", the youngest of the three daughters of Peter Chardon and Ann Gorham Brooks. The Brookses were a wealthy family, highly regarded in", "Jodie was a showjumper as a child and attended St Michael's School, Burton Park, Petworth, West Sussex. Kidd has two siblings. Her elder sister, Jemma Kidd (born 1974), married Arthur Gerald Wellesley, Marquess of Douro, son of the current Duke of Wellington in June 2005. Kidd's brother, Jack Kidd (born 1973) is a polo player. Kidd also has a half brother, the entrepreneur Nick D'Arcy Whiting (born 1962) and a half sister Debbie Parris (born 1964). ", "John was married to the Scottish singer Lulu, with whom he had a son, the actor Jordan Frieda in 1977. He now lives with Frances Avery Agnelli née Howe (born 1965), an Anglo-American architect and the widow of Fiat heir, Giovanni Alberto Agnelli (son of the Italian entrepreneur and politician, Umberto Agnelli). Frances has a daughter from her marriage to Giovanni, Virginia Asia Agnelli. John and Frances together have a daughter, Leyla Luna (born 2005), and a son, Jackson John (born 2007). In 2010, John donated £50,000 to the Conservative Party.", "The human rights advocate, who married three times, is survived by six children, 17 grandchildren, and a growing number of great-grandchildren. He married his third wife, Graça Machel, in 1998.", "Bouvier’s parents’ marriage was strained by her father’s alcoholism and extramarital affairs; the family had also been in constant financial problems since the Wall Street Crash of 1929 . [11] [20] They separated in 1936 and divorced four years later, with the press publishing intimate details of the split. [21] According to her cousin John H. Davis , Bouvier was deeply affected by the divorce, and subsequently had a “tendency to withdraw frequently into a private world of her own”. [11] When her mother married Standard Oil heir Hugh Dudley Auchincloss, Jr. , Bouvier and her sister did not attend the ceremony as it was arranged quickly and travel was restricted due to World War II . [22] Bouvier gained three step-siblings from Auchincloss’ two previous marriages, Hugh “Yusha” Auchincloss III, Thomas Gore Auchincloss, and Nina Gore Auchincloss ; she formed the closest bond with Yusha, who became one of her most trusted confidants. [22] The marriage later produced two more children, Janet Jennings Auchincloss (1945–1985) and James Lee Auchincloss (born 1947).", "A wealthy, well-dressed woman who has inherited money from a husband in the West Indies, Madame de Thoux, of mixed race, is revealed to be the long-lost sister of George Harris, sold when Harris was very young. De Thoux rejoins the Harrises in Canada.", "He became eccentric in later life, removing the carpets and much of the furniture from his home, and keeping three televisions running constantly (respectively tuned to BBC1, BBC2 and ITV, all with the sound turned down) with a fourth BBC2 in colour. One luxury was his Rolls-Royce Phantom. He never married and he died from cancer and heart disease at Boothtown Mansion, Halifax, where he had lived for all but two of his 86 years. Despite rumours of a personal fortune, his personal estate was admitted to probate in December 1976 at a value of £193,500. He was an agnostic, but his funeral was held at Boothtown Methodist Church, and he was cremated in Elland.", "Theroux was married to English woman Anne Castle from 1967 to 1993. They had two sons: Marcel and Louis, both of whom are writers and television presenters. He also has an older son from a college relationship; he and his unmarried partner gave the boy up for adoption. Theroux has been married to Sheila Donnelly since 1995. ", "In May 1993 he married his manager, Frances Cain, daughter of VC recipient Robert Henry Cain, in Fulham. The couple lived in Chipping Norton, in the Cotswolds, with their three children. Clarkson has been described as a member of the Chipping Norton set. Known for buying him car-related gifts, for Christmas 2007 Clarkson's second wife bought him a Mercedes-Benz 600. She was reported to have filed divorce proceedings in April 2014.", "On her mother's side, Jacqueline was of half Irish descent, and on her father's side, one-sixteenth French and English. Michael Bouvier, Jacqueline's great-great-grandfather and closest French ancestor, was a contemporary of Joseph Bonaparte and Stephen Girard. He was a Philadelphia-based cabinetmaker, merchant and real estate speculator.", "His relationship with Squires ended badly, but when she later became ill with cancer, he paid for all her medical treatment.  He went on to marry Luisa, with whom he had his three children, Geoffrey, Deborah and Christian before they divorced in 1996.", "Sophie lives in Hertfordshire with her husband, Henry Wickham, a headmaster of a boys' prep school. They have been married for 17 years and they have 3 sons, Freddy 11, Hugo 9 and Oscar 2.", "In 2000, Mr Clegg married leading commercial lawyer Miriam Gonzalez Durantez, a former Middle East expert at the Foreign Office. The couple, who met while studying at the College of Europe in Bruges, live in south-west London with their three children, Antonio, Alberto and Miguel.", "^ Although the French and English ancestors of the Bouviers were mostly middle class, her paternal grandfather John Vernou Bouvier, Jr., fabricated a more noble ancestry for the family in his vanity family history book, Our Forebears, later disproved by the research by her cousin John Hagy Davis . [9]", "On 30 June 1930 he married the famous golfing champion, Simone de la Chaume. Their daughter Catherine Lacoste was a champion golfer." ]

[ 7.73046875, 7.46484375, 5.71484375, 2.94140625, 1.177734375, 0.650390625, 0.395263671875, -2.505859375, -4.82421875, -5.05859375, -5.23828125, -5.3203125, -5.33203125, -5.9375, -5.95703125, -6.26953125, -6.38671875, -6.7734375, -7.4296875, -7.7421875, -7.828125, -7.875, -8.078125, -8.4453125, -8.5234375, -8.75, -9.7734375, -9.984375, -10.0546875, -10.203125, -10.2265625, -10.78125 ]

[ "Cristina Elisabet Fernández de Kirchner (Spanish pronunciation: [kɾisˈtina eˈlisaβet ferˈnandes ðe ˈkiɾʃneɾ] ( listen ); born 19 February 1953 in La Plata, Argentina ), commonly known as Cristina Kirchner or CFK,[2] is the 55th and current President of Argentina and the widow of former President Néstor Kirchner. She is Argentina 's first elected female president, the second female president ever to serve (after Isabel Martínez de Perón, 1974–1976) and the first woman ever reelected. A Justicialist, Fernández served one term as National Deputy and three terms as National Senator for both Santa Cruz and Buenos Aires provinces.", "It is now more than 30 years since the end of military dictatorship, but democracy has not yet led to stability. Argentines reach for the metaphor of the “pendulum” to describe the swings of the past three decades: from loose economic policies in the 1980s to Washington-consensus liberalisation in the 1990s and back again under the presidency of Néstor Kirchner and now his widow, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner. But the image of a pendulum does not do justice to the whiplashing of the economy (see charts 2 and 3)—the repeated recessions of the 1970s and 1980s, the hyperinflation of 1989-90, the economic crisis of 2001 and now the possibility of another crisis to come. Argentina is a long way from the turmoil of 2001 but today’s mix of rising prices, wage pressures and the mistrust of the peso have nasty echoes of the past.", "In 1983, Raúl Alfonsín won the presidency, but persistent economic problems plagued his tenure in office. Carlos Saúl Menem was elected president in 1988, bringing the Peronist Justicialist party back into power. A reform-minded leader, he stimulated economic growth and subdued hyperinflation in the early 1990s by instituting a major program of privatization, encouraging foreign investment, and tying the Argentine peso to the U.S. dollar. Constitutional amendments approved in 1994 placed curbs on presidential power and increased opposition power in the senate, while clearing the way for Menem to seek a second successive term as president. He was reelected in 1995. The Justicialists lost legislative elections to the opposition Alianza coalition in 1997, as the country struggled with recession and continuing high unemployment. Argentina's relations with Paraguay soured in 1999 when Menem's government sheltered Paraguayan Gen. Lino Oviedo for eight months; Oviedo was wanted for the murder of Paraguay's vice president.", "In the Argentina of the 1980s an unstable military junta held power and was keen on reversing its widespread unpopularity caused by the country's poor economic performance. On 2 April 1982 , it invaded the Falkland Islands , known to the Argentinians as Islas Malvinas , the only invasion of a British territory since World War II . Argentina has claimed the islands since an 1830s dispute on their settlement. Within days, Thatcher sent a naval task force to recapture the Islands. Despite the huge logistical difficulties, the task force was successful, resulting in a wave of patriotic enthusiasm and support for her, at a time when her popularity had been at an all-time low for a serving Prime Minister.[ citation needed ]", "..... Click the link for more information.  was elected president in 1988, bringing the Peronist Justicialist party back into power. A reform-minded leader, he stimulated economic growth and subdued hyperinflation in the early 1990s by instituting a major program of privatization, encouraging foreign investment, and tying the Argentine peso to the U.S. dollar. Constitutional amendments approved in 1994 placed curbs on presidential power and increased opposition power in the senate, while clearing the way for Menem to seek a second successive term as president. He was reelected in 1995. The Justicialists lost legislative elections to the opposition Alianza coalition in 1997, as the country struggled with recession and continuing high unemployment. Argentina's relations with Paraguay soured in 1999 when Menem's government sheltered Paraguayan Gen. Lino Oviedo for eight months; Oviedo was wanted for the murder of Paraguay's vice president.", "Argentina: Argentina's president, Nestor Kirchner, at the Summit of America's meeting in November, 2005, emphasized his nation's independence by saying that past American policies \"not only generated misery and poverty but also a great social tragedy that added to institutional instability in the region, provoking the fall of democratically elected governments.\" Nestor Kirchner aligned his government with the policies of the other Socialist leaning presidents of South America. In the late 2007,In the October 2007 general election, he was replaced by his wife, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner. Mrs. Kirchner won with one of the widest margins obtained by a candidate since democracy returned to Argentina in 1983. In the October 2011 general election that contained several candidates, she was re-elected in the first round of with 54.1% of the vote.", "She was the President of Argentina from 2007 to 2015 and she is the widow of former president Néstor Kirchner. She was the second woman to serve as President of Argentina (after Isabel Martínez de Perón, 1974–76), the first directly elected female president and the first woman re-elected. A member of the Justicialist Party, Fernández served one term as National Deputy and three terms as National Senator for both Santa Cruz and Buenos Aires provinces.", "In September 1998, Argentina entered its worst recession in a decade. In December 1999, Fernando de la Rua became president. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) gave Argentina $13.7 billion in emergency aid in January 2001 and $8 billion in August 2001. Rioters protesting government austerity measures forced De la Rua to resign in December 2001. Argentina defaulted on its $155 billion foreign debt payments, the largest such default in history.", "In July of that same year, however, Campora resigned and Peron was re-elected as Argentina's president. Peron then died a year later and his wife, Eva Duarte de Peron , was appointed the presidency for a short time before she was removed from office in March 1976. After her removal, Argentina's armed forces controlled the government until December 10, 1983, and executed harsh punishments on those considered extremists in what was eventually known as \"El Proceso\" or the \"Dirty War.\"", "In December 1983 Raúl Alfonsín took office as president of Argentina to end almost eight years of military rule. As the country started its transition to democracy, a process begun in late 1982, after Argentina's defeat in the South Atlantic War, a discredited and humiliated regime decided to call for general elections to avoid social and political chaos. The two main political parties, the Peronists and the Radicals, ran candidates for president: Ítalo Luder for the Partido Justicialista (PJ.the Peronists) and Raúl Alfonsín for the Unión Cívica Radical (UCR). The Pe ronists hoped a prestigious ticket would attract the votes of the middle class. Luder was president of the Senate during the previous Peronist government and was a recognized specialist in constitutional law. Deolindo Bittel, his running mate, was a respe cted politician from the Province of Chaco.", "Carlos Saul Menem: President of Argentina between the years 1989/1999. Murderous to but 23 million of persons and I condemn to other 10 million to the desperation and the hunger.", "Carlos Menem led a change in Peronism, which declined its usual politics and embraced neoliberalism instead. A fixed exchange rate established in 1991, the dismantling of protectionist barriers, business regulations and several privatizations normalized the economy for a time. His victories at the 1991 and 1993 elections led to the 1994 amendment of the Argentine Constitution, which allowed him to run for a second term. He was reelected, but the economy began to decline in 1996, with higher unemployment and recession. He lost the 1997 elections, and the UCR returned to the presidency in the 1999 elections.[49]", "Yet it was historic. Argentina's previous female president, Isabel Perón, was not elected. Juan Perón's earlier wife, Evita, never held formal office. It remains to be seen whether the other politician she is compared to, Hillary Clinton, can catch up.", "The next presidential election was due in 1999. In accordance with the constitution, Menem, a member of the Peronist party, could not seek a third consecutive term. In an important development in Argentina's political life, all three major parties in the 1999 race espoused free market economic policies. In October 1999 voters elected Fernando de la Rua President for a 4-year term; he took office on December 10, replacing President Menem. The elections were considered free and fair.", "Under the pact, different government from both parties alternated power. Among them were: Rómulo Betancourt (1959-1964); Raúl Leoni (1964-1969); Rafael Caldera (1969-1974); Carlos Andrés Pérez (1974-1979); Luis Herrera Campins (1879-1984); Jaime Lusinchi, (1984-1989); Carlos Andrés Pérez (1989-1993); and Rafael Caldera (1994-1999).", "The National Party's Luis Alberto Lacalle won the 1989 presidential election and served from 1990 to 1995. President Lacalle executed major economic structural reforms and pursued further liberalization of trade regimes, including Uruguay's inclusion in the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR) in 1991. Despite economic growth during Lacalle's term, adjustment and privatization efforts provoked political opposition, and some reforms were overturned by referendum.", "In the elections of 1983, which witnessed the triumph of Rául Alfonsín and the Radical Party, Menem was again elected governor of La Rioja province. He was reelected for a third term in 1987 and served until July 1989 when, as the result of his victory in the presidential election, he took over the presidency of Argentina. He would then win each election through 1996. The last was only allowed though constitutional reforms allowing him to run for re-election.", "Following the economic policies laid by Duhalde and Lavagna, Kirchner ended the economic crisis, getting fiscal and trade surpluses. However, he distanced from Duhalde once getting to power. He promoted as well the reopening of judicial actions against the crimes of the Dirty War. During his administration, Argentina restructured its defaulted debt with a steep discount (about 66%) on most bonds, paid off debts with the International Monetary Fund and nationalized some previously privatized enterprises. He did not run for a reelection, promoting instead the candidacy of his wife Cristina Fernández de Kirchner .[52][53]", "Menem supported the Washington Consensus, and tackled inflation with the Convertibility plan in 1991. The plan was complemented by a series of privatizations, and was a success. Argentina re-established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom, suspended since the 1982 Falklands War, and developed special relations with the United States. The country suffered two terrorist attacks. The Peronist victory in the 1993 midterm elections allowed him to force Alfonsín to sign the Pact of Olivos for the 1994 amendment of the Argentine Constitution. This amendment allowed Menem to run for re-election in 1995, which he won. A new economic crisis began, and the opposing parties formed a political coalition that won the 1997 midterm elections and the 1999 presidential election.", "Boosting the neo-Keynesian economic policies laid by Duhalde, Kirchner ended the economic crisis attaining significant fiscal and trade surpluses, and steep GDP growth. Under his administration Argentina restructured its defaulted debt with an unprecedented discount of about 70% on most bonds, paid off debts with the International Monetary Fund , purged the military of officers with doubtful human rights records, nullified and voided the Full Stop and Due Obedience laws, [26] ruled them as unconstitutional, and resumed legal prosecution of the Juntas' crimes. He did not run for reelection, promoting instead the candidacy of his wife, senator Cristina Fernández de Kirchner , who was elected in 2007 and reelected in 2011 .", "The economic situation, rampant corruption, human rights violations and the defeat in the Falklands War by the United Kingdom in 1982 all played a role in discrediting the military regime. On October 30, 1983, Argentina held elections that were deemed fair and honest by international observers. Raul Alfonsin of the Radical Civic Union began his six year term as President in December, promptly forming the National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons while also granting amnesty to all acts committed before his term.", "Español Though she left a legacy of poverty, economic stagnation and high  inflation , former President Cristina Kirchner  still has a following in Argentina.", "Born in Anillaco, he became a Peronist during a visit to Buenos Aires. He led the party in his home province of La Rioja, and was elected governor in 1973. He was deposed and detained during the 1976 Argentine coup d'état, and was elected governor again in 1983. He defeated the Buenos Aires governor Antonio Cafiero in the primary elections for the 1989 presidential elections, which he won. Hyperinflation forced outgoing president Raúl Alfonsín to resign early, shortening the presidential transition.", "In 1995, Fernández was elected to represent Santa Cruz in the Senate. She was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1997 and returned to the Senate in 2001. Fernández helped with her husband's successful campaign for the presidency in 2003, but without making joint public appearances. In the first round of the presidential election on 27 April 2003, former president Carlos Saúl Menem won the greatest number of votes (25%), but failed to win an overall majority. A second-round run-off vote between Menem and runner-up Néstor Kirchner was scheduled for 18 May. However, with polls showing that Kirchner would win the runoff in a landslide, Menem pulled out of the runoff, thus automatically making Kirchner the new president, with 22% of the vote--the lowest percentage for a winning presidential candidate in Argentine history. ", "Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner won Argentina's Presidential elections and will take over as the country's first elected woman President from her husband, Nestor Kirchner. She won a clear victory with more than 40% of the vote - enough to avoid a second round of voting. This report from Daniel Schweimler:", "Néstor Carlos Kirchner , the governor of Santa Cruz prov. in Patagonia, won the spring 2003 presidential race when former president Menem withdrew from the runoff election; polls indicated that Kirchner would win by a landslide. Congress subsequently repealed two amnesty laws, passed in the 1980s, that had protected military officers accused of human rights offenses, and in 2005 the supreme court upheld the move, overturning the amnesty laws as unconstitutional. Pardons given to several military government leaders were subsequently also overturned by the court, and arrest warrants were issued for Isabel Perón, who was in exile in Spain, and others. A number of former military officers were later convicted of human-rights crimes, including (2010–13) former Presidents Bignone and Videla.", "But Peronism survived even this. Once again the Justicialist Party began to regain momentum until in 1989 its candidate Carlos Menem was elected President: a post he retained for nearly twenty years.", "Argentine President Wins 2nd Term : Latin America: Incumbent Carlos Menem avoids a runoff. His success in inflation fight is credited.", "Argentina held mid-term congressional elections in October 1997. The opposition UCR-FREPASO alliance made major gains in the number of seats it held and deprived the Peronists of an absolute majority. The elections were widely seen as setting the stage for the 1999 presidential race. The government's pro-market policies remained unchallenged, but continued high unemployment and growing public concern over corruption hurt the government's standing in public opinion polls.", "MENEM: The situation in Argentina, starting on Dec. 10, 1999, began to deteriorate due to bad political leadership. That had a direct influence on the [economy and society].", "A version of this article appears in print on August 14, 2011, on Page A9 of the New York edition with the headline: Argentine President Overcoming Doldrums. Order Reprints | Today's Paper | Subscribe", "A 54-year-old mother of two, Fernandez is keeping many of her husband's top aides and has vowed to deepen his economic model emphasizing budget and trade surpluses and a weak currency to stimulate exports. Kirchner leaves office with high popularity ratings after taking power in 2003 with 22 percent of the vote, the weakest mandate in Argentine history." ]

[ 2.625, 0.72412109375, 0.6103515625, -0.301513671875, -0.7490234375, -0.77783203125, -0.892578125, -0.9873046875, -1.009765625, -1.3271484375, -1.3779296875, -1.5078125, -1.6025390625, -1.630859375, -1.71875, -2.046875, -2.224609375, -2.27734375, -2.388671875, -2.77734375, -2.802734375, -3.05078125, -3.0859375, -3.359375, -3.375, -3.791015625, -3.798828125, -5.2421875, -5.47265625, -5.6875, -6.62109375, -7.09765625 ]

[ "Henry Ford II (September 4, 1917 — September 29, 1987), commonly known as \"HF2\" and \"Hank the Deuce\", was the son of Edsel Ford and grandson of Henry Ford . He was president of the Ford Motor Company from 1945 to 1960, Board of directors and Chief executive officer from 1960 to 1979, and chairman for several months thereafter.", "Henry Ford II (September 4, 1917 – September 29, 1987), sometimes known as \"HF2\" or \"Hank the Deuce\", was the oldest son of Edsel Ford and oldest grandson of Henry Ford. He was president of the Ford Motor Company from 1945 to 1960, chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) from 1960 to 1979, and chairman for several months thereafter. Notably, under the leadership of Henry Ford II, Ford Motor Company became a publicly traded corporation in 1956. From 1943 to 1950, he also served as president of the Ford Foundation.", "Henry Ford II (September 4, 1917 – September 29, 1987) served terms as president, CEO and chairman of the Ford Motor Company from 1945 to 1980. He was the grandson of Henry Ford.", "Perhaps no man on earth has had his destiny thrust upon him so thoroughly, the moment his name was placed on his birth certificate 33 years ago. Henry III’s great-great-grandfather founded the famed Ford Motor Co. His great-grandfather Edsel Ford was company president from 1919 until his death in 1943. Henry Ford II, Henry III’s grandfather, ran the company from 1945 to 1979 and was for much of that time one of the world’s most revered -- and feared -- chief executives. Henry III’s cousin, Bill Ford Jr., is executive chairman, and Henry III’s father, Edsel II, serves on the board of directors. ", "At GM and Chrysler, by contrast, business was booming. In order to catch up, in September 1945 Henry Ford's wife and daughter-in-law presented the elderly man with an ultimatum: make 28-year-old Henry Ford II (the elder Ford's grandson) the company's president, or his mother would sell her controlling stake in the company to the highest bidder.", "In ill health, he ceded the presidency to his grandson Henry Ford II in September 1945 and went into retirement. He died in 1947 of a cerebral hemorrhage at age 83 in Fair Lane , his Dearborn estate, and he is buried in the Ford Cemetery in Detroit. [54]", "A stroke in 1938 slowed Ford, but he did not trust Edsel and so continued to exercise control of his company. During World War II (1939–45; a war fought between the Axis: Germany , Italy, and Japan—and the Allies: England, France , the Soviet Union , and the United States), Ford at first made pacifist, or peace-minded, statements, but changed his mind and contributed greatly to the war effort. Ford's grandson, Henry Ford II, took over the company after the war. Henry Ford died on April 7, 1947, in Dearborn.", "Each of Edsel Ford's children inherited sizable shares in the Ford Motor Company, and the three sons all worked in the family business. Henry Ford II succeeded his grandfather as president of Ford on September 21, 1945. ", "Edsel Ford died in 1943, and Henry Ford returned to the presidency of Ford Motor Company briefly before handing it over to his grandson, Henry Ford II, in 1945. He died two years later at his Dearborn home, at the age of 83.", "This resulted in Edsel contracting undulant fever from bacteria in the milk. It was considered one of several factors that led to his death on May 18, 1943, at the age of 49. Ailing himself and suffering from dementia, Henry Ford resumed the presidency of his company for two years, until Edsel’s son Henry Ford II took over.", "Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was the United States founder of the Ford Motor Company and father of modern Assembly line used in Mass production. His introduction of the Model T History of the automobile revolutionized transportation and American industry. He was a prolific inventor and was awarded 161 U.S. Patent. As owner of the Ford Company he became one of the richest and best-known people in the world. He is credited with \"Fordism\", that is, the mass production of large numbers of inexpensive automobiles using the assembly line, coupled with high wages for his workers. Ford had a global vision, with consumerism as the key to peace. Ford did not believe in accountants; he amassed one of the world's largest fortunes without ever having his company Audit under his administration. Henry Ford's intense commitment to lowering costs resulted in many technical and business innovations, including a franchise system that put a dealership in every city in North America, and in major cities on six continents. Ford left most of his vast wealth to the Ford Foundation but arranged for his family to control the company permanently.", "Henry Ford ( July 30 , 1863 – April 7 , 1947 ) was the founder of the Ford Motor Company . He was one of the first to apply assembly line manufacturing to the mass production of affordable automobiles.", "Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was an American industrialist, the founder of the Ford Motor Company, and sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production. Ford did not invent the automobile, but he developed and manufactured the first automobile that many middle class Americans could afford to buy. His introduction of the Model T automobile revolutionized transportation and American industry. As owner of the Ford Motor Company, he became one of the richest and best-known people in the world. He is credited with \"Fordism\": mass production of inexpensive goods coupled with high wages for workers. Ford had a global vision, with consumerism as the key to peace. His intense commitment to systematically lowering costs resulted in many technical and business innovations, including a franchise system that put dealerships throughout most of North America and in major cities on six continents. Ford left most of his vast wealth to the Ford Foundation and arranged for his family to control the company permanently.", "Ford's mother died in 1876, which came as a devastating blow to young Henry. His father expected him to eventually take over the family farm, but Henry despised farm work. With his mother dead, little remained to keep him on the farm. He later told his father, \"I never had any particular love for the farm—it was the mother on the farm I loved.\"[3]", "Ford disliked the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and did not approve of U.S. involvement in the war. Therefore, from 1939 to 1943, the War Production Board's dealings with the Ford Motor Company were with others in the organization, such as Edsel Ford and Charles Sorensen, much more than with Henry Ford. During this time Henry Ford did not stop his executives from cooperating with Washington, but he himself did not get deeply involved. He watched, focusing on his own pet side projects, as the work progressed. [31] After Edsel Ford 's passing, Henry Ford resumed control of the company in 1943.", "Before he became an automobile mogul, Henry Ford was employed by Thomas Edison at the Edison Illuminating Company, where from 1891 to 1898 he worked as an engineer. The two innovators eventually became longtime friends. Edison gave Ford the confidence to build his own gas-powered car, while Ford advised Edison to find a substitute for rubber. The pair regularly vacationed together, often with other famous Americans in tow. In the late 1910s, for instance, Edison and Ford hopped in their cars with tire magnate Harvey Firestone and naturalist John Burroughs to take camping trips across the country. President Warren G. Harding would occasionally join the friends on their jaunts.", "Henry Ford was born July 30, 1863, on a farm in Greenfield Township (near Detroit, Michigan). His father, William Ford (1826–1905), was born in County Cork, Ireland . His mother, Mary Litogot Ford (1839–1876), was born in Michigan; she was the youngest child of Belgian immigrants; her parents died when Mary was a child and she was adopted by neighbors, the O'Herns. Henry Ford's siblings include Margaret Ford (1867–1938); Jane Ford (c. 1868–1945); William Ford (1871–1917) and Robert Ford (1873–1934).", "In the late 1930s and early 1940s, Edsel (who was president of the company) thought it was necessary for Ford to come to some sort of collective bargaining agreement with the unions, because the violence, work disruptions, and bitter stalemates could not go on forever. But Henry (who still had the final veto in the company on a de facto basis even if not an official one) refused to cooperate. For several years, he kept Bennett in charge of talking to the unions that were trying to organize the Ford company. Sorensen's memoir[21] makes clear that Henry's purpose in putting Bennett in charge was to make sure no agreements were ever reached.", "· Henry Ford resigns as president of The Ford Motor Company, handing over to his grandson, Henry Ford 11.", "~1919 � Edsel Ford succeeded his father, Henry Ford, as president of the Ford Motor Company.", "In the late 1930s and early 1940s, Edsel (who was president of the company) thought it was necessary for Ford to come to some sort of collective bargaining agreement with the unions, because the violence, work disruptions, and bitter stalemates could not go on forever. But Henry (who still had the final veto in the company on a de facto basis even if not an official one) refused to cooperate. For several years, he kept Bennett in charge of talking to the unions that were trying to organize the Ford company. Sorensen's memoir[20] makes clear that Henry's purpose in putting Bennett in charge was to make sure no agreements were ever reached.", "In the late 1930s and early 1940s, Edsel (who was president of the company) thought it was necessary for Ford to come to some sort of Collective bargaining agreement with the unions, because the violence, work disruptions, and bitter stalemates could not go on forever. But Henry (who still had the final veto in the company on a de facto basis even if not an official one) refused to cooperate. For several years, he kept Bennett in charge of talking to the unions that were trying to organize the Ford company. Sorensen's memoir [22] makes clear that Henry's purpose in putting Bennett in charge was to make sure no agreements were ever reached.", "Henry Ford left his family’s farm in Dearborn, Michigan, at age 16 to work in the machine shops of Detroit. In 1888, he married Clara Bryant, and they had a son, Edsel, in 1893. That same year, Ford was made chief engineer at Edison. Charged with keeping the city’s electricity flowing, Ford was on call 24 hours a day, with no regular working hours, and when not working could tinker away at his real goal of building a gasoline-powered vehicle. He completed his first functioning gasoline engine at the end of 1893, his first horseless carriage, called the Quadricycle, by 1896.", "Edsel Ford was born in Detroit, Michigan, US, as the only child of Clara and Henry Ford, being named for Edsel Ruddiman, one of Henry Ford's closest childhood friends.", "• Bak, Richard (2003). Henry and Edsel: The Creation of the Ford Empire. Wiley ISBN 0471234877", "Henry Ford: Pictured with Thomas Edison in his iconic Model T, Mr Ford accumulated a net worth equivalent in 2012 to $199 billion dollars", "Gerald R. Ford (14 July 1913 – 26 December 2006), also known as Jerry Ford, was the 38th President of the United States of America.", "Ford began to spend more and more time in Detroit working for the Edison Illuminating Company, which later became the Detroit Edison Company. By 1891 he had left the farm permanently. Four years later he became chief engineer. While at the Edison Illuminating Company he met Thomas A. Edison (1847–1931), who eventually became one of his closest friends.", "President Gerald Ford is survived by his wife Betty, after more than 58 years of marriage, and by their four children, seven grandchildren and four great-grandchildren. He is also survived by his brother, Richard, of Grand Rapids, Michigan.", "Although Henry Ford is commonly referred to as the father of this industry in North America,", "Ford Road in Dearborn, Michigan , was named for William Ford , father of Henry ?", "Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. was born in Omaha, Nebraska , on July 14, 1913. His name at birth was Leslie Lynch King Jr., after his biological father. His mother, Dorothy, divorced King when her son was a baby and moved to Grand Rapids, Michigan . She then married Gerald R. Ford, a successful paint salesman who adopted her young son. Ford recalled in his memoirs that he learned about his biological father at the age of 12 and only met the man a couple of times." ]

[ 5.69921875, 5.35546875, 4.5859375, 1.5693359375, 1.34375, -0.018341064453125, -0.169921875, -0.1812744140625, -0.53662109375, -1.1513671875, -1.5751953125, -1.580078125, -1.6591796875, -1.87109375, -1.9140625, -2.158203125, -2.73046875, -3.5625, -3.66796875, -3.708984375, -3.927734375, -4.578125, -4.9296875, -5.13671875, -5.6953125, -5.73828125, -5.79296875, -6.796875, -6.921875, -7.20703125, -8.3359375, -8.3515625 ]

[ "Many South Africans will say they have lost their tata, as in father. But amid the outpouring of emotion here and around the world, it is easy to forget that there is a woman mourning her husband. Graça Machel married Nelson Mandela on his 80th birthday on 18 July 1998, providing an unexpected romantic epilogue to an epic life. She was to be his champion and companion in his twilight years and first witness to his inexorable decline.", "News_Image_File: Nelson Mandela married Graca Machel, his greatest love, in 1998 on his 80th birthday. Retired General Temba Templeton Matanzima, made the first public remarks on behalf of the family after Mandela died at his home in Houghton, Johannesburg, on Thursday evening, aged 95.", "Graca, a woman of grace, and a woman of substance, has been married to Nelson Mandela since 1998, and has the unique feat of having been First Lady of two countries – South Africa, between 1998 and 1999, when Mandela declined to stand for a second term of office, and Mozambique from 1975 to 1986 when her first husband, Samora Machel, died upon his presidential plane crashing in suspicious circumstances.", "The 77-year-old, known as \"Mother of the Nation,\" is a towering -- yet controversial -- public figure in her own right, as she was married to Nelson Mandela throughout the entirety of his 27-year imprisonment, and she was imprisoned for 18-months in solitary confinement in a South African prison by authorities who wanted to suppress her political activism. She was Nelson Mandela's second wife; Mandela was married to Evelyn Wase in 1944, and in 1998 he married Graca Machel, the widow of Mozambican President Samora Machel. Mandela remained wed to Graca Machel until he died.", "But a late-in-life romance blossomed for the gentle statesman with Graca Machel, an influential campaigner for children's rights and the widow of Mozambique's former president Samora Machel. The two were married in 1998 on Mandela's 80th birthday. She was 52.", "When she married Nelson Mandela in 1998, Graça Machel became the first person to act as First Lady to two presidents.", "On 18 July 1998 Mandela married Graça Machel, the widow of former Mozambican president Samora Machel.", "In the 1990s, the friendship between Graca and Nelson Mandela , President of South Africa, whom Machel has known since her husband's death deepened. The couple married on 18 July 1998.", "Machel's widow, Graça (née Simbine), is convinced the aircrash was not an accident and has dedicated her life to tracking down her husband's alleged killers. In July 1998, Mrs Machel married the then South African President Nelson Mandela . She thus became unique in having been the first lady of two different countries, Mozambique and South Africa.", "Nelson Mandela has been married three times, has fathered six children, has twenty grandchildren, and a growing number of great-grandchildren. He’s currently married to Graça Machel whom he married in 1998.", "To the rest of the world, civil rights activist Nelson Mandela -- who died on Thursday at age 95 -- was an icon. But to wife Graca Machel, he was just her husband.", "In December 1994, Mandela published Long Walk to Freedom, an autobiography based around a manuscript he had written in prison, augmented by interviews conducted with American journalist Richard Stengel. In late 1994, he attended the 49th conference of the ANC in Bloemfontein, at which a more militant national executive was elected, among them Winnie Mandela; although she expressed an interest in reconciling, Nelson initiated divorce proceedings in August 1995. By 1995, he had entered into a relationship with Graça Machel, a Mozambican political activist 27 years his junior who was the widow of former president Samora Machel. They had first met in July 1990 when she was still in mourning, but their friendship grew into a partnership, with Machel accompanying him on many of his foreign visits. She turned down Mandela's first marriage proposal, wanting to retain some independence and dividing her time between Mozambique and Johannesburg.", "South African President Nelson Mandela and Graca Machel attend a wreath laying ceremony in a village on the South African - Mozambique border October 17, at the place where Samora Machel, President and a liberator of the former Portugese colony, was killed ten years ago in a mysterious plane crash. Photo: Reuters", "Nelson Mandela and Graca Machel on August 29, 2007 in London, England.  Photo: Daniel Berehulak / Getty Images", "Nelson Mandela first married in 1944. He and his wife Evelyn had 2 children and divorced in 1957. A year later, he married Winnie Madikizela-Mandela. Their marriage survived his 27 years in prison, but ended in divorce in 1996. Shortly after his release from prison, Mandela met Graça Machel , the widow of former Mozambican president, Samora Machel .", "She has received a clutch of humanitarian awards, and has served on several boards of international organisations, including the UN Foundation, the African Leadership Forum and the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation. In 1998, she married Nelson Mandela, on whose Elders panel – a group of former world leaders – she sits. \"I'm in love with a remarkable lady,\" he has said. \"I don't regret the reverses and setbacks because late in my life I am blooming like a flower, because of the love and support she has given me.\"", "his third wife, Gracia Machel – widow of former Mozambique president Samora Machel. In 2003 he finally retired from public life. While Mandela’s legacy is obvious - apartheid is destroyed and South Africa is a democracy – there still remain the basic problems that wracked the South Africa when he went to prison back in 1962. Most of the owners are still white and the workers still black. Democracy has brought little economic and social prosperity for most South Africans. Yes there is a growing black middle class. But if the recent spate of brutal killings of other African migrant workers and refugees by poor blacks is any indication, economic disempowerment remains a huge issue. But these are problems the next generation of South African leaders will have to solve. At 90, Mandela deserves a rest.", "The human rights advocate, who married three times, is survived by six children, 17 grandchildren, and a growing number of great-grandchildren. He married his third wife, Graça Machel, in 1998.", "Although Graca Machel has married one of the world's best known statesmen, at 52 she has a record as a political heavy weight in her own right.", "It is Nelson Mandela's third marriage. His new wife is the former First Lady of Mozambique and an international stateswoman in her own right. Her former husband, Samora Machel, died in a plane crash in 1986 while he was president of Mozambique.", "The same year, she married Samora Machel, the country's first president. When he died in a plane crash in 1986, she suspected it had been shot down by the apartheid regime in neighbouring South Africa . Primary school enrolment went from 40% to more than 90% of boys and 75% of girls in that time and much of Machel's work since then has focused on the needs of children. She now runs a scholarship programme for underprivileged girls in southern Africa and set up the Foundation for Community Development in 1994 and worked to help rebuild and develop Mozambique after the civil war. In 1996, she delivered a groundbreaking report on the effect of armed conflict on children for the UN, which helped change the policies of governments and UN agencies.", "Mandela met Machel briefly in Mozambique after his release from prison in 1990, later recalling her as \"a very impressive woman and striking personality\". She caught his eye again when she received an honorary doctorate in Cape Town in 1992. They got much better acquainted a year later when Mandela became a father figure to Samora Machel's six children, taking over on the death of his old friend Oliver Tambo.", "Mandela's marriage to his second wife, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, had not survived his incarceration and they divorced in 1996. Soon there was no secret about the president's new relationship – he and Machel were seen holding hands on overseas trips and kissing during a state function in Zimbabwe.", "Following Mozambique's independence in 1975, Machel was appointed Minister for Education and Culture. In the same year, she married Samora Machel, the first President of Mozambique. Following her retirement from the Mozambique ministry, Machel was appointed as the expert in charge of producing the groundbreaking United Nations report on the impact of armed conflict on children. Her first husband died in a plane crash over South Africa in 1986.", "Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013) was a South African political activist, co-winner of Nobel Peace Prize with F.W. de Klerk in 1993, and in 1994 he became the first President of South Africa to be elected in fully-representative democratic elections. Mandela's inauguration brought together the largest number of Heads of State since the funeral of US President John F. Kennedy in 1963. After he retired the presidency in 1999, he went on to become an advocate for a variety of social and human rights organizations and greater international cooperation. He was one of the world's most visible figures regarding race relations and was a symbol to many people of the struggle for racial equality.", "Machel was born Graça Simbine on 17 October 1945 on the coast of Mozambique, under Portuguese rule. Machel, whose father died before her birth, won a scholarship to high school in Mozambique's capital, Maputo, where she was the only black African in a class of white students.", "Raila Odinga married Ida Oyoo on September 1st 1973. Together they have four children, the late Fidel Castro (2015), Rosemary Akeyo, Raila junior and Winnie Irmgard.", "East Timor is the world's newest democracy and Australia's nearest neighbour. The first president of the independent nation in May 2002 was the former resistance leader Xanana Gusmâo who married Australian activist Kirsty Sword in 2000. He became the country's fourth Prime Minister on 8 August 2007.", "Neil Kinnock is married to Glenys Kinnock , Britain's Minister for Africa and the United Nations from 2009 to 2010, and a Labour Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 1994 to 2009. When she was made a life peer in 2009, they became one of the few couples to both hold titles in their own right. The two met while studying at Cardiff University, where they were known as \"the power and the glory\" (Glenys the power), and they married on 25 March 1967. [50] Previously living together in Peterston-Super-Ely, a village near the western outskirts of Cardiff, in 2008 they moved to Tufnell Park, London, to be closer to their daughter and grandchildren. [51]", "Also in charge of International Cooperation. Her husband, Jean-Marie Ngendahayo, was Minister of Foreign Affairs 1993-95 and of Interior in 2005. Lived in exile in Finland during the civil war. Her government's candidate for the poistion of Chairperson of the Comission of the African Union in 2007. (b. 1956-)", "Mobutu Sese Seko, also called Mobutu Sese Seko Koko Ngbendu Wa Za Banga, original name Joseph (-Désiré) Mobutu (born October 14, 1930, Lisala, Belgian Congo [now Democratic Republic of the Congo]—died September 7, 1997, Rabat , Morocco ), president of Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo) who seized power in a 1965 coup and ruled for some 32 years before being ousted in a rebellion in 1997.", "Zuma, 67, a Zulu traditionalist and an unabashed polygamist, has now married at least five women over the years and has 19 children. He currently has three wives including Madiba: Sizakele Khumalo, whom he married in 1973, and Nompumelelo Ntuli, whom he wed in 2008." ]

[ 7.14453125, 6.9140625, 6.3984375, 5.7734375, 5.70703125, 5.59375, 5.51953125, 5.50390625, 5.24609375, 5.08984375, 2.5703125, 2.505859375, 2.34765625, 2.20703125, 2.10546875, 2.021484375, 0.798828125, -0.06402587890625, -1.443359375, -1.802734375, -1.8720703125, -2.005859375, -2.673828125, -2.900390625, -3.6171875, -6.5, -6.5625, -7.45703125, -7.46484375, -7.51953125, -8.2265625, -8.453125 ]

[ "Charles Saatchi (; ; born 9 June 1943) is a British businessman and the co-founder with his brother Maurice of advertising agency Saatchi & Saatchi. The brothers led the business – the world's largest advertising agency in the 1980s – until they were forced out in 1995. In the same year, the brothers formed a new agency called M&C Saatchi. Saatchi is also known for his art collection and for owning Saatchi Gallery, and in particular for his sponsorship of the Young British Artists (YBAs), including Damien Hirst and Tracey Emin.", "Charles Saatchi (born June 9, 1943) (Arabic: تشارلز ساعاتجي) was the co-founder with his brother Maurice of the global advertising agency Saatchi & Saatchi, which became the world's biggest before the brothers were forced out of their own company in 1995. In the same year the Saatchi brothers formed a new agency called M&C Saatchi.", "Charles Saatchi is the second of four sons born to Nathan Saatchi and Daisy Ezer, a wealthy Iraqi Jewish family in Baghdad, Iraq. The name \"Saatchi\" ساعتچی (sā'ātchi), which means \"watchmaker\", originates from Ottoman Turkish ساعتچي (Modern Turkish saatçi). Saatchi's brothers are David (born 1937), Maurice (born 1946) and Philip (born 1953). In 1947 his father, a textile merchant, anticipated the flight that tens of thousands of Iraqi Jews would soon make to avoid persecution and relocated his family to Finchley, London. Nathan Saatchi purchased two textile mills in north London and after a time re-built a thriving business. Eventually the family would settle into an eight-bedroom house in Hampstead Lane, Highgate.", "Since the early 1970s the company headed by Maurice Saatchi, 30, and his brother Charles, 32, has risen from zero position on the advertising agency league table to become third largest in Britain.", "In 1970, he started the advertising agency Saatchi & Saatchi with his brother Maurice, which by 1986 – following its acquisition of advertising firm Ted Bates – had grown to be the largest ad agency in the world, with over 600 offices. Successful campaigns in the UK included Silk Cut's advertisements in preparation for the ban on named tobacco advertising, and the Conservative Party's 1979 general election victory – led by Margaret Thatcher through the slogan \"Labour Isn't Working\". ", "In 1970 he started the advertising agency Saatchi & Saatchi with his brother Maurice; which by 1986 had grown to be the largest agency in the world, with over 600 offices. Successful campaigns in the UK included Silk Cut cigarettes and the promotion of the Conservative Party led by Margaret Thatcher through the slogan \"Labour Isn't Working\". Eventually, he and his brother Maurice departed the agency and together founded the rival M&C Saatchi agency, taking the huge British Airways advertising account from their former company.", "Maurice and Charles Saatchi sold Margaret Thatcher to Britain and the Concorde to the world; by the mid-1980s their advertising company was the biggest on the planet. Then Charles was eased out, and Maurice was ousted in a boardroom coup. Fiammetta Rocco traces the story behind the brothers’ tempestuous departure, including a $38 million revelation, a battle for revenge, and the birth of the New Saatchi Agency.", "Born in Baghdad on June 21, 1946, Maurice Saatchi is the third of Nathan and Daisy Saatchi’s four sons. Charles, the Saatchi’s second child, had arrived three years earlier. Their father was a prosperous textile merchant, and the family was part of the permanent Iraqi-Jewish community that once flourished in Baghdad. The end of World War II brought grave political difficulties for Iraq’s Jewish population, and by the mid-1940s, Nathan Saatchi had begun searching Europe for an alternative home for his family. He bought two textile mills while on a visit to Britain in 1946. The following year, he sold the business in Baghdad and moved his family to Hampstead, where he had already bought a house. Just in time; shortly after the Saatchis left Baghdad, 120,000 Jews were forced to flee the country.", "The brothers’ ambition was to build a global “know-how” empire that would supply clients with all their communications and consultancy needs—including banking services. When Maurice Saatchi tipped his cap at the Midland Bank, England’s third-largest, the Bank of England was more than a little surprised. Maurice was eventually forced to back off. He did not stop trying, though. Within days, he tried to take over a well-known merchant bank named Hill Samuel, where he was also rebuffed. Five weeks later, in October 1987, the stock market crashed, and Saatchi’s share price was cut by half.", "Henri Filho, Jean-Paul Tchang, and Mme. Beaux put together a magical deal to entice Louis-Dreyfus to take the business over. (Tchang had once worked for Louis-Dreyfus’s family bank and had known him since 1981.) The deal went like this: 15 percent of Adidas’s equity went to Louis-Dreyfus and his partners, who set up a small Luxembourg holding company named Ricesa. The partners included fellow Saatchi director and former IMS president Tom Russell, French businessman Christian Tourres, and a small British investment company named Hatzone, owned by Charles and Maurice Saatchi.", "I suspect that Charles had always bashed Maurice up, since their childhood. He used to say to him: ‘I can’t believe you came from the same womb as me.’ Saatchi & Saatchi was brutality from start to finish. It began with aggression, had aggression in the middle and had aggression at the end. Maurice had this saying that for us to win, others had to fail, and he was right.", "Unbeknownst to the public, Maurice Saatchi came within a whisker of being fired for his part in that war. When The Sunday Times ran a full-page article critical of Scott on March 20, Maurice’s critics blamed him for the negative publicity. But the company’s key clients maintained their old loyalties. British Airways chairman Sir Colin Marshall wrote to one director last May, reminding him that “Maurice Saatchi has been the driving force and key lynch-pin.” Five days later, the normally reticent Mars brothers (of the Mars candy corporation) faxed Maurice Saatchi a letter threatening to move their business elsewhere. “Your leaving would be a major factor in a decision to let such a move take place,” they said.", "The first time I met Maurice Saatchi was on February 8, when he gave a speech to the Foreign Press Association in London. It was nearly five weeks after he’d quit his old company, and then announced he was starting a brand-new agency. By coincidence, it was the same day that a judge—asked by Saatchi & Saatchi to issue an injunction to block Maurice’s plans—began hearing evidence in the High Court. It was the first time Maurice Saatchi had publicly faced the press since the debacle.", "Damien's work has been exhibited widely, in Britain, Korea, the USA, Australia, and countries all over Europe. His work is included in many private collections (most are owned by Charles Saatchi), and in quite a few permanent collections at public museums and galleries. He is represented by London's White Cube, and shows regularly there. He now lives in Devon with his sons Connor (b.1995) and Cassius (b.2000) and girlfriend Maia Norman. He works at his home and in London.", "Charles, Prince of Wales (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948), is the eldest child and heir apparent of Queen Elizabeth II. Known alternatively in Scotland as Duke of Rothesay and in South West England as Duke of Cornwall, he is the longest-serving heir apparent in British history, having held the position since 1952. He is also the oldest person to be next-in-line to the throne since 1714.", "Charles Saatchi was born on June 9, 1943 in Baghdad, Iraq. He was previously married to Nigella Lawson , Kay Hartenstein and Doris Lockhart. See full bio »", "Cameron was born in Marylebone , London, [9] and raised in Peasemore, Berkshire . He has a brother, Alexander Cameron , QC (born 1963), a barrister , [10] and two sisters, Tania Rachel (born 1965) and Clare Louise (born 1971). [7] [11]", "At the turn of 1995, Saatchi and his brother left the agency, and together founded the rival M&C Saatchi agency, taking with them many of their management and creative staff, as well as a number of clients – including British Airways.", "He and his brother founded an independent Jewish synagogue, named Saatchi Shul in Maida Vale, London, England, in 1998, in honour of their parents.", "Ivan Fallon, chief executive of Independent News & Media UK, is author of The Brothers: The Rise & Rise of Saatchi & Saatchi", "The Saatchi Gallery is a London gallery for contemporary art, opened by Charles Saatchi in 1985 in order to exhibit his collection to the public. It has occupied different premises, first in North London, then the South Bank by the River Thames, and finally in Chelsea, its current location. Saatchi's collection—and hence the gallery's shows—has had distinct phases, starting with US artists and minimalism, moving to the Damien Hirst-led Young British Artists, followed by shows purely of painting, and then returning to contemporary art from America in USA Today at the Royal Academy in London. A 2008 exhibition of contemporary Chinese art formed the inaugural exhibition in the new venue for the gallery at the Duke of York's HQ.", "And then there is the man whose company was behind that V&A ad, Mr Charles Saatchi. When he opened up his eponymous Boundary Road gallery in north London he started a process that would lead to the UK becoming one of the most exciting, innovative and open places in the world for an artist to live and work.", "Saatchi seems well aware that his once-sturdy throne has been threatened by up-and-coming specullectors and curators who bring a more modern edge to a changed art world. And in the advertising realm, new powerhouses like Sir Martin Sorrell, founder and CEO of global communications company WPP, have come to replace the previously", "Dive into the mind that co-founded one of the world’s largest advertising agencies. Holy Cow! is a collection of Charles Saatchi’s favourite images and articles from his popular column in London’s Evening Standard. If you ever wanted to know his ...", "Prince Charles was born at Buckingham Palace on 14 November 1948, the eldest son of the Queen and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.", "Prince Charles, pictured with the Queen, Prince Philip, Princess Anne and Princes Andrew and Edward, was a loving brother to his siblings in their youth ", "Saatchi attended Christ's College, a grammar school in north London. During this time, he developed an obsession with US  pop culture, including the music of Elvis Presley, Little Richard and Chuck Berry. He has described as \"life-changing\" the experience of viewing a Jackson Pollock painting at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. He then progressed to study at the London College of Communication. ", "So what did she love about Saatchi? \"He's full of life and very clever and funny and very cozy. Just a nice north London boy,\" Lawson said.", "According to the Times Online, Saatchi is \"reclusive\", even hiding from clients when they visited his agency's offices and, as of February 2009, has only ever granted two newspaper interviews. He does not attend his own exhibition openings; when asked why by The Sunday Telegraph, he replied: \"I don't go to other people's openings, so I extend the same courtesy to my own.\"", "In 2002, the brothers purchased the Liverpool based retail company Littlewoods from its founders the Moores family for £750m. The deal was bankrolled by HBOS, which also took a five percent equity stake in the brothers bidding vehicle, LW Investments. The brothers merged the company with their earlier purchase Shop Direct to form Littlewoods Shop Direct Home Shopping Limited, which operates a majority share of the United Kingdom's home shopping market. They also closed and sold off the Littlewoods department store chain, with the largest parcel of 120 properties being purchased by Associated British Foods for leasing mainly to its subsidiary Primark, while other stores were leased to Marks & Spencer, New Look and British Home Stores. ", "Alongside her husband Jamie Redknapp and former footballer Tim Sherwood, Louise published a magazine called Icon Magazine, aimed solely at professional sports stars and celebrities. She later sold the magazine to another publisher. ", "Alongside her husband  Jamie Redknapp  and former footballer  Tim Sherwood , Louise published a magazine called  Icon Magazine , aimed solely at professional sports stars and celebrities. She later sold the magazine to another publisher." ]

[ 6.5, 6.2890625, 5.6484375, 3.3515625, 3.287109375, 2.83984375, 1.5068359375, 0.5009765625, -0.277587890625, -0.74462890625, -0.95458984375, -1.3720703125, -1.8359375, -1.9365234375, -3.35546875, -3.66015625, -4, -4.421875, -4.91015625, -5.421875, -5.5546875, -5.97265625, -6.125, -6.7890625, -7.1015625, -7.13671875, -7.2109375, -8.359375, -8.390625, -8.4453125, -10.90625, -10.9140625 ]

[ "In Latin America in the 1960s, a socialist tendency within the catholic church appeared which was called Liberation theology which motivated even the Colombian priest Camilo Torres to enter the ELN guerrilla. In Chile, Salvador Allende, a physician and candidate for the Socialist Party of Chile, was elected president through democratic elections in 1970. In 1973, his government was ousted by the U.S.-backed military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet, which lasted until the late 1980s. ", "In September 1970, Salvador Allende, the UP candidate, was elected president of Chile. Over the next three years, a unique political and economic experience followed. The UP was a coalition of left and center-left parties dominated by the Socialist Party (Partido Socialista--PS) and the Communist Party of Chile (Partido Comunista de Chile--PCCh), both of which sought to implement deep institutional, political, and economic reforms. The UP's program called for a democratic \"Chilean road to socialism\".", "The 1973 coup was a response to dissatisfaction with the government of Salvador Allende, known as the first Marxist to become president of a Latin American country through open elections. Allende, who was elected in 1970, ruled Chile for three years and introduced socialist-oriented changes including the nationalization of copper mines and agricultural production (still the largest industries in Chile), and social policies intended to improve the welfare of Chile’s poorest citizens, such as scholarships for indigenous children and subsidized housing.", "“Despite another wave of U.S.-funded propaganda, Salvador Allende was elected president of South America’s longest functioning democracy on Sept. 4, 1970.  Henry Kissinger (HK) and his cohorts had to act.  The 40 Committee was formed with HK as chair.  The goal was not only to save Chile from its irresponsible populace but to yet again stave off the red tide. . .", "Since 1970, after he narrowly won a three-way election, Chile was ruled by President Salvador Allende, the first democratically elected Marxist to become president of a Latin American country through open elections. The United States government actively attempted to destabilize the Allende government, with U.S. President Richard Nixon ordering extensive use of economic warfare for this purpose. The Nixon administration also used the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to mount a major destabilization campaign. As the CIA revealed in 2000, \"In the 1960s and the early 1970s, as part of the US Government policy to try to influence events in Chile, the CIA undertook specific covert action projects in Chile ... to discredit Marxist-leaning political leaders, especially Dr. Salvador Allende, and to strengthen and encourage their civilian and military opponents to prevent them from assuming power.\" The CIA worked with right-wing Chilean politicians, military personnel, and journalists to undermine socialism in Chile. ", "In the landmark presidential election of 1970, a socialist, Salvador Allende Gossens, was elected president. Allende's attempt to bring socialism to Chile was marked by both reform and turbulence. In 1973, he was overthrown in a military coup, ending Chile's long tradition of civilian rule.", "1908: Birth of Salvador Allende Gossens. He was the first Marxist to become president of Chile, holding office from 1970 until his death in 1973, when he was overthrown by a military coup.", "In 1970, Salvador Allende Gossens , head of the Popular Unity party, a coalition of leftist political parties, won a plurality of votes in the presidential election and became the first Marxist to be elected president by popular vote in Latin America. Allende, in an attempt to turn Chile into a socialist state, nationalized many private companies, instituted programs of land reform, and, in foreign affairs, sought closer ties with Communist countries.", "Prior to his ascendance to the presidency in 1970, Allende experienced three unsuccessful attempts to be elected (1952, 1958 and 1964). As the Chilean President, Allende represented the party Unidad Popular and is widely regarded as the first democratically elected Marxist in the Americas. His policies as head of the Chilean state concentrated on the welfare of the people. He attempted to resolve the two big issues of the time – malnourishment (50% of children in Chile were classed as malnourished) and unemployment (20% of Chilean men were out of work). Allende gave every child in Chile half a litre of milk a day, increased wages by 40%, nationalised the copper industry (by far Chile’s largest at the time) as well as the banks, and placed restrictions on the inflation of prices by companies.", "Allende’s election in 1970 was his third attempt at the presidency. In 1958, and again in 1964, Allende had run on a socialist/communist platform. In both elections, the United States government (as well as U.S. businesses such as International Telephone and Telegraph (ITT), which had significant investments in Chile) worked to defeat Allende by sending millions of dollars of assistance to his political opponents. In 1970, the United States again worked for Allende’s defeat, but he finished first out of the four candidates. However, since he had garnered less than 40 percent of the popular vote, the final decision had to be made by the Chilean congress. The United States worked feverishly to derail Allende’s selection but the election was upheld on October 24, 1970. Allende immediately confirmed the worst fears of U.S. officials when he extended diplomatic recognition to North Vietnam, North Korea, and Cuba, and also began to take action to nationalize the holdings of U.S. corporations in Chile, notably ITT and Kennecott Copper. U.S. officials also believed that Allende was supporting revolutionary activities in Latin America and viewed him as a significant threat to hemispheric security and U.S. economic interests in Chile.", "Salvador Allende (full name Salvador Isabelino Allende Gossens), perhaps one of the better-known South American presidents outside of the continent, was a remarkable character. Born on 26th June 1908 in Valparaíso, Chile, Allende made a name for himself long before he was elected as the country’s president in 1970.", "Boundary disputes between Chile and Argentina, ending with a treaty in 1881, as well as the War of the Pacific (involving Peru and Bolivia) ending in 1883, resulted in the expansion of Chile's territory. In 1891, Chile faced civil war, ending in the formation of a parliamentary democracy in the country. Chile has since faced bouts of instability, with a 1924 coup, with the rocky government lasting several years, and spanning ten governments from then until 1932. The Chilean Socialist Party came to power in the hotly contested 1970 election, with Salvador Allende winning a runoff election. Allende, facing civil unrest and an attempted military coup, committed suicide in 1973, and a junta led by Augusto Pinochet took control. Many Chileans were killed during the regime, and the economy suffered. Chile transitioned into a democratic country with the election of a new president in 1989.", "In the 1970 election, Senator Salvador Allende of the Socialist Party of Chile (then part of the \"Popular Unity\" coalition which included the Communists, Radicals, Social-Democrats, dissident Christian Democrats, the Popular Unitary Action Movement, and the Independent Popular Action), achieved a partial majority in a plurality of votes in a three-way contest, followed by candidates Radomiro Tomic for the Christian Democrat Party and Jorge Alessandri for the Conservative Party. Allende was not elected with an absolute majority, receiving fewer than 35 percent of votes.", "In  Chile , the  Socialist Party  candidate  Salvador Allende  won the presidential election of 1970, becoming the first democratically elected  Marxist  to become president of a country in the Americas. [192]  The CIA targeted Allende for removal and operated to undermine his support domestically, which contributed to a period of unrest culminating in General  Augusto Pinochet ‘s coup d’état  on September 11, 1973. Pinochet consolidated power as a military dictator, Allende’s reforms of the economy were rolled back, and leftist opponents were killed or detained in internment camps under the  Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional  (DINA).", "In 1970, Neruda was nominated as a candidate for the Chilean presidency, but ended up giving his support to Salvador Allende, who later won the election and was inaugurated in 1970 as the first democratically elected socialist head of state.Feinstein (2005) p. 367 Shortly thereafter, Allende appointed Neruda the Chilean ambassador to France, lasting from 1970–1972; his final diplomatic posting. During his stint in Paris, Neruda helped to renegotiate the external debt of Chile, billions owed to European and American banks, but within months of his arrival in Paris his health began to deteriorate. Neruda returned to Chile two and half years later due to his failing health.", "In Chile , the Socialist Party candidate Salvador Allende won the presidential election of 1970, becoming the first democratically elected Marxist to become president of a country in the Americas. [192] The CIA targeted Allende for removal and operated to undermine his support domestically, which contributed to a period of unrest culminating in General Augusto Pinochet ‘s coup d’état on September 11, 1973. Pinochet consolidated power as a military dictator, Allende’s reforms of the economy were rolled back, and leftist opponents were killed or detained in internment camps under the Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional (DINA).", "..... Click the link for more information. , head of the Popular Unity party, a coalition of leftist political parties, won a plurality of votes in the presidential election and became the first Marxist to be elected president by popular vote in Latin America. Allende, in an attempt to turn Chile into a socialist state, nationalized many private companies, instituted programs of land reform, and, in foreign affairs, sought closer ties with Communist countries.", "1973: Chile - The CIA overthrows and assassinates Salvador Allende, Latin America's first democratically elected socialist leader. The problems begin when Allende nationalizes American-owned firms in Chile. ITT offers the CIA $1 million for a coup (reportedly refused). The CIA replaces Allende with General Augusto Pinochet, who will torture and murder thousands of his own countrymen in a crackdown on labor leaders and the political left.", "On September 11, 1973, a military junta violently took control of Chile, which was led at the time by President Salvador Allende. Allende had become president in a free and democratic election. After the military coup,", "However, when in office a number of issues obstructed Allende and his project of reforms. The 1925 constitution, which included staggered elections meaning that the president and Congress were elected at different times, was one such problem. Although elected into the presidency Allende only controlled one of the three decision-making branches of government in Chile, with Popular Unity controlling barely 40% of the seats in Congress, and faced with a judiciary hostile to Popular Unity and its political project (Oppenheim, 1999, p.88 and p.97). Both of these institutions made it difficult for Allende to enact reforms; however he did manage to implement his desired changes, but controversially via decrees, where he used his power to insist that all ministers sign their support for his reforms (Oppenheim, 1999, p.96). The use of decrees howeveropened Allende and his administration up to criticism that they were ‘circumventing the spirit of the law’, whilst also proving fateful to their relationship with the Christian Democrats (Oppenheim, 1999, p.96). Support from the Christian Democrats in Congress in 1970 had allowed Allende to become president, however following Allende’s use of decrees, and a series of other disagreements, the Christian Democrats joined alliance with the rightist National Party (Oppenheim, 1999, p.95), leaving Popular Unity faced with opposition from two-thirds of Congress.", "Allende contested the 1970 Chilean presidential election with Jorge Alessandri Rodriguez of the National Party and Radomiro Tomic of the Christian Democratic Party. Allende received 36.6% of the vote. Alessandri was a very close second with 35.3%, and Tomic third with 28.1%. [11] Although Allende received the highest number of votes, according to the Chilean constitution and since none of the candidates won by an absolute majority, the National Congress had to decide among the candidates. [12]", "*1973 – The Congress of Chile votes in favour of a resolution condemning President Salvador Allende's government and demands him to resign or else be unseated through force and new elections be called. The first demand is executed eighteen days later in a bloody coup d'état, commencing 17 years of military rule.", "*1952: Chile. Then-senator Salvador Allende and his colleague Raúl Rettig (later president of Chile and head of a commission that investigated human rights violations committed during the 1973–1990 military rule in Chile, respectively), agreed to fire one shot on each other and both failed. At that time duelling was already illegal in Chile.", "President of Chile who was overthrown in a coup and succeeded by the coup leader General Augusto Pinochet. Allende was the first Marxist to be elected president in Latin America.", "Allende's involvement in Chilean political life spanned a period of nearly forty years. As a member of the Socialist Party, he was a senator, deputy and cabinet minister. He unsuccessfully ran for the presidency in the 1952, 1958, and 1964 elections. In 1970, he won the presidency in a close three-way race. He was elected in a run-off by Congress as no candidate had gained a majority.", "Allende had a close relationship with the Chilean Communist Party from the beginning of his political career. On his fourth (and successful) bid for the presidency, the Communist Party supported him as the alternate for its own candidate, the world-renowned poet Pablo Neruda.", "First, Allende's election as president in September 1970 (a position he retained until the coup that overthrew him, and precipitated his suicide in the Moneda palace, on 11 September 1973) is widely cited as inaugurating the first attempt of a democratically elected Marxist to lead a peaceful transition to socialism within a constitutional framework.", "While many reports in the mainstream media hailed Allende as a “democratically elected” president, Allende was not elected with an absolute majority , receiving less than 35 percent of the votes in a three-way contest. And there have been credible reports that even this plurality was achieved only through massive electoral fraud and with financial backing from the Soviet Union.", "As the 1970 elections approached it appeared that there would be a 3 way race between Frei, Allende, and a large group of \"also rans.\" Allende nosed out Frei with just 36.2% of the vote compared to 35%. He was inaugurated later that year in spite of suggested but never entirely validated efforts on the part of the U.S. to prevent it, including a woefully botched kidnapping attempt on the part of the CIA. Allende was an extreme leftist Marxists and made no bones about it. He immediately went about nationalizing everything including the copper mines and encouraging farm laborers and factory workers to peacefully or even violently take over management. His socialist experiment worked for about a year and then went into a free fall from which it never recovered.", "In August 1973, a constitutional crisis occurred; the Supreme Court publicly complained about the Allende Government's inability to enforce the law of the land. On 22 August, the Chamber of Deputies (with the Christian Democrats united with the National Party) accused the Allende Government of unconstitutional acts and called upon the military to enforce constitutional order. [20]", "In September 1973, all the Allende coalition parties were abolished. The other parties were initially suspended and then banned in March 1977.", "In the 1962 presidential elections Haya de la Torre won by a small plurality, but did not receive the required one third of the total vote. The military seized power and conducted elections in 1963 that were won by Fernando Belaúnde Terry , a moderate reformer. Belaúnde opened up the interior of the country by constructing a highway system through the Andes, but his regime was plagued by budgetary deficits and spiraling inflation. In 1968 he was deposed by a military junta, which installed General Juan Velasco Alvarado as president. Velasco suspended the constitution and assumed dictatorial powers, seeking to diversify the country's economy by exploiting its natural resources (especially petroleum) with foreign help but without foreign control." ]

[ 6.37109375, 6.28515625, 6.05859375, 5.32421875, 4.26953125, 4.0078125, 3.837890625, 3.69140625, 3.34765625, 3.267578125, 3.197265625, 3.015625, 2.7578125, 2.609375, 2.609375, 2.609375, 2.470703125, 2.193359375, 1.9326171875, 1.5791015625, 1.50390625, 1.4365234375, 1.01953125, -0.671875, -3.224609375, -3.591796875, -4.02734375, -6.171875, -6.453125, -7.60546875, -7.8515625, -8.1328125 ]

[ "Gave birth to baby daughter named Lourdes Maria Ciccone Leon (aka Lourdes Leon ). The father is Madonna's fitness trainer, Carlos Leon . [October 1996]", "CARLOS LEÓN, Actor, Father of Madonna’s child “Lola”. (Born: Havana) *** Carlos León, Actor, Padre de la hija de Madonna “Lola”. (Nacido en La Habana)", "CARLOS LEÓN, Actor, Father of Madonna’s child “Lola”. (Born: Havana) *** Carlos León, Actor, Padre de la hija de Madonna “Lola”. (Nacido en La Habana) | The History, Culture and Legacy of the People of Cuba", "Fact: The father of Madonna 's daughter LOURDES is designing a chain of gyms throughout New York. Carlos Leon 's first work-out mecca, the Leon Fitness Center, will open in Queens, New York.", "1996 - Madonna and Carlos Leon's daughter, Lourdes Maria Ciccone Leon, was born in Los Angeles, CA.", "We don't know what exercises Madonna did in her workout sessions with her personal trainer Carlos Leon, but the end result was the birth of Madonna's first child, Lourdes, in 1996. Can that happen just by doing squat thrusts?", "That's because PerezHilton.com has EXCLUSIVELY learned that her father Carlos Leon and his fashion designer wife Betina Holte just welcomed their first child together!", "All in the family! Madonna may have split from her ex Carlos Leon more than 15 years ago, but she met him for dinner with their daughter Lourdes just this week.", "¡Todos en la familia! Madonna podría haber separado de su ex Carlos Leon hace más de 15 años, pero ella se reunió con él para la cena con su hija Lourdes apenas esta semana.", "1966, Born on this day, Janet Jackson, singer, actress. The youngest child of the Jackson family, she has amassed an extensive catalog of hits, with singles such as 'Nasty', 'Rhythm Nation', 'That's the Way Love Goes', 'When I Think Of You', 'Together Again' and 'All for You', selling over 100 million records worldwide.", "Paula Julie Abdul (; born June 19, 1962) is an American singer-songwriter, dancer, choreographer, actress and television personality. She began her career as a cheerleader for the Los Angeles Lakers at the age of 18 before rising to prominence in the 1980s as a highly sought-after choreographer at the height of the music video era. Abdul later scored a string of pop music hits in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Her six number one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 tie her with Diana Ross for seventh among the female solo performers who have topped the chart. She won a Grammy for \"Best Music Video – Short Form\" for \"Opposites Attract\" and twice won the \"Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Choreography\".", "Charlotte Lucy Gainsbourg (born 21 July 1971) is a British-French actress and singer. She is the daughter of English actress Jane Birkin and French singer and songwriter Serge Gainsbourg. After making her musical debut with her father on the song \"Lemon Incest\" at the age of twelve, she released an album with her father at the age of fifteen. More than twenty years passed before she released three albums as an adult (5:55, IRM and Stage Whisper) to commercial and critical success. Gainsbourg has also appeared in many films, including several directed by Lars von Trier, and has received both a César Award and the Cannes Film Festival Best Actress Award.", "Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter (; born September 4, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and actress. Born and raised in Houston, Texas, she performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child and rose to fame in the late 1990s as lead singer of R&B girl-group Destiny's Child. Managed by her father, Mathew Knowles, the group became one of the world's best-selling girl groups of all time. Their hiatus saw the release of Beyoncé's debut album, Dangerously in Love (2003), which established her as a solo artist worldwide, earned five Grammy Awards and featured the Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles \"Crazy in Love\" and \"Baby Boy\".", "Jennifer Lopez, or J. Lo, as she is also known, is an American actress, dancer, singer, fashion designer, and producer. In modern American showbiz standards, Jennifer stands out as a distinguished artist with superior dancing skills, a mellifluous voice, and a rare ability to combine American and Hispanic cultural influences for the enhancement of dance and music. Jennifer Lopez was born in 1969 in the Castle Hill area of Bronx, New York City. She was the second daughter of Guadalupe Rodriguez, a kindergarten teacher, and David Lopez, a computer expert. She was raised in a close-knit, happy, but humble family together with her two sisters, Leslie Lopez and Linda Lopez. At a young age of five, Jennifer Lopez had begun to attend singing and dancing lessons. Gradually, she groomed these interests with remarkable consistency in a way that signaled intense ambition for the arts very early in her life.", "Jennifer Lynn L�pez (aka J. Lo, born July 24, 1970) is a well-known Puerto Rican - American actress, singer, designer, dancer, and fashion icon. She was born and raised in the Soundview section of Bronx , New York City , New York . Lopez speaks English and Spanish and has two sisters, Leslie (a music teacher) and Lynda , a well known television news anchor.", "Born and raised in Los Angeles, California, Vanessa got her start on the small screen at only eight years old, when she was an extra on the TV show MyTwo Dads, which starred her father, Greg Evigan. Vanessa knew then she wanted to be an actress, but it wasn't until she was 11 that her parents allowed her to get into the business. Her mother, Pamela Serpe Evigan, who was a dancer on Broadway, and her father, Greg Evigan, had strong feelings about her getting into the business too young. Vanessa is the oldest of three children: her brother, Jason Evigan, who is a singer songwriter best known for his number one hit \"Heart Attack\" he wrote and produced for Demi Lovato, and her sister, actress Briana Evigan, who is best known as Andie from Step Up 2 The Streets.", "Jennifer Lopez, in full Jennifer Lynn Lopez, byname J.Lo (born July 24, 1969, Bronx , New York , U.S.), American actress and musician who began appearing in films in the late 1980s and quickly became one of the highest-paid Latina actresses in the history of Hollywood . She later found crossover success in the music industry with a series of pop albums.", "Mariska Hargitay of Law & Order SVU fame. Her mother was Jayne Mansfield, her father was Mickey Hargitay, the Hungarian Bodybuilder. Also, Judy Garland and Vincent Minnelli and their daughter Liza Minnelli. The woes of Ryan O’Neal and his deceased significant other Farrah Fawcett and Ryan’s daughter, Tatum and son Griffin. Though being a rock music singer, Steven Tyler (singer for Aerosmith) and his daughters actress Liv Tyler (of “Lord Of The Rings” fame) and Mia Tyler (a very much sought after “Plus” size model). Kirk Douglas and his son Michael and Michael’s son (I cannot think of his first name). The Baldwin’s (Alec, Daniel, Steven, Billy) and Alec’s ex-wife Kim Basinger.", "Ricky Martin (born in San Juan, Puerto Rico on December 24, 1971 as Enrique Martin Morales), is a successful Puerto Rican pop singer who rose to fame, first as a member of the Latin boy band Menudo , then as a solo artist since 1990. He has sold over 70 million records since the start of his career. He is considered a major star in the world of Latin Pop, and is considered to have opened the doors for some of his fellow Latin American singers like Jennifer Lopez and Shakira .", "Superstar Victoria Beckham born was born on 17th April 1974 to an English business family. She was born Victoria Caroline Adams. Born in Harlow, Essex in the United Kingdom (UK).", "Gave birth to her 3rd child at age 39, a daughter Stella del Carmen Banderas Griffith (aka Stella Banderas ) on September 24, 1996. Child's father is her now estranged 4th husband, Antonio Banderas .", "Shakira Caine was born on February 23, 1947 in British Guiana as Shakira Baksh. She is an actress, known for The Man Who Would Be King (1975), Son of Dracula (1974) and The 72nd Annual Academy Awards (2000). She has been married to Michael Caine since January 8, 1973. They have one child. See full bio »", "Gave birth to her 3rd child at age 36, a daughter Madison Brown-Belafonte on September 1, 2011. Child's father is her now estranged 2nd husband, Stephen Belafonte .", "Christina María Aguilera was born in Staten Island, New York, on December 18, 1980, to Shelly Loraine (née Fidler), a musician, and Fausto Xavier Aguilera, a United States Army soldier. Her father is Ecuadorian, while her mother has German, Irish, Welsh, and Dutch ancestry. Her family moved frequently because of her father's military service, and lived in places including New Jersey, Texas, New York, and Japan. Aguilera and her mother alleged that her father was physically and emotionally abusive, claims which he denied; Aguilera used music as a form of escape from her turbulent household. Following her parents' divorce when she was six years old, Aguilera, her younger sister Rachel, and her mother (who later remarried) moved into her grandmother's home in the Pittsburgh suburb of Rochester, Pennsylvania. After several years of being estranged, Aguilera expressed interest in reconciling with her father in 2012. ", "Gave birth to her 3rd child at age 36, a daughter named Madison Brown-Belafonte on September 1, 2011. Child's father is her 2nd husband, Stephen Belafonte .", "Gave birth to her third child at age 39, a daughter named Joe Attal on July 16, 2011. Child's father is her boyfriend, Yvan Attal .", "She had two sons, Nico \"Nicky\" Charisse from her first marriage, and Tony Martin, Jr., born 1950, from her second. One of her daughters-in-law is onlyu.co.il , who was megaupload.com magazine's mekusharim.co.il for 1972. A niece of hers by marriage is actress ebay.com .", "Pop Singer Enrique Iglesias (Had the hit single \"Hero\"; Son of Pop Singer Julio Iglesias), 32", "Leona Louise Lewis was born in the London Borough of Islington on 3 April 1985, to her father Aural Josiah \"Joe\" Lewis, a youth offending officer and DJ of Afro-Guyanese descent, and her mother Maria Lewis, a social worker and former ballet teacher of Welsh, Irish, and Italian descent. Lewis has two brothers: an older half-brother named Bradley and a younger brother named Kyle. As her parents began to realise Lewis's passion for singing, they enrolled her at the Sylvia Young Theatre School, and later to the Italia Conti Academy, the Ravenscourt Theatre School and the BRIT School for Performing Arts and Technology until they could no longer afford to do so, making cutbacks when necessary in order to help their daughter achieve her dream of being a singer. Lewis wrote her first song at the age of 12; she initially trained in opera, before moving into jazz and blues, and eventually into popular and contemporary music. ", "Harry Lillis Crosby III, born August 8, 1958, is the first of Bing’s children with his second wife Kathryn. Born in Hollywood, he showed natural musical tendencies, teaching himself how to play guitar by listening to musicians near his father’s getaway in Baja California. He, along with his two younger siblings and their mother, became part of a holiday tradition, appearing in the annual Christmas television broadcasts with their father. After dabbling in films, he settled on college and is now a successful investment banker, having earned an MBA from Fordham. He lives in New York City with his wife and two children and occasionally accompanies his mother on guitar when she performs her cabaret act.", "His daughter Emma sang on his 1985 song \"Face the Face\", the first single off his \"White City\" album. She also appeared in the video.", "Johnson married Dany Garcia on May 3, 1997. Their daughter, Simone Alexandra, was born August 14, 2001. On June 1, 2007, they announced they were splitting up amicably and intended to remain friends. Soon after the divorce, Johnson began dating Lauren Hashian, the daughter of Boston drummer Sib Hashian. They first met in 2006 while Johnson was filming The Game Plan, prompting rumors he left his marriage for Hashian. Their first child, a daughter named Jasmine, was born in December 2015. " ]

[ 7.2265625, 5.984375, 5.8359375, 5.5078125, 5.09375, 3.705078125, 2.876953125, 2.591796875, 1.6025390625, -0.81591796875, -0.90966796875, -1.23828125, -1.73828125, -2.00390625, -2.728515625, -3.244140625, -3.666015625, -3.8828125, -4.46875, -5.49609375, -6.02734375, -6.5234375, -6.89453125, -7.203125, -7.203125, -7.50390625, -7.53515625, -7.64453125, -8.0703125, -8.1796875, -8.28125, -8.34375 ]

[ "Jean-Bertrand Aristide, (born July 15, 1953, Port Salut, Haiti ), Haitian politician and Roman Catholic priest of the Salesian order, who was a vocal champion of the poor and disenfranchised . He was president of the country in 1991, 1994–96, and 2001–04.", "Jean-Bertrand Aristide (born 15 July 1953) is a Haitian politician who became Haiti's first democratically elected president. A proponent of liberation theology, Aristide was appointed to a Roman Catholic parish in Port-au-Prince in 1982 after completing his studies to become a priest of the Salesian order. He became a focal point for the pro-democracy movement first under Jean-Claude \"Baby Doc\" Duvalier and then under the military transition regime which followed. He won the Haitian general election between 1990 and 1991, with 67% of the vote and was briefly president of Haiti, until a September 1991 military coup. The coup regime collapsed in 1994 under US pressure and threat of force (Operation Uphold Democracy). Aristide was then president again from 1994 to 1996 and from 2001 to 2004. However, Aristide was ousted in a 2004 coup d'état, in which one of his former soldiers participated. He accused the United States of orchestrating the coup d'état against him with support from Jamaican prime minister P. J. Patterson, among others. Aristide was later forced into exile in the Central African Republic and South Africa. He finally returned to Haiti in 2011 after seven years in exile. ", "Jean Bertrand Aristide Net Worth is $800 Million. Jean Bertrand Aristide is a Haitian politician with a net worth of $800 million. Jean Bertrand Aristide built his net worth in politics and as the President of Haiti. He was born in Port-Salut, Hait Jean-Bertrand Aristide is a Haitian former Catholic priest and politician who served as Haiti's first democratically elected president. A proponent of liberation theology, Aristide was appointed to a parish in Port-au-Prince in 1982 after completing his studies. He became a focal point for the pro-democracy movement first under Jean-Claude \"Baby Doc\" Duvalier and then under the military transition regime which followed. He won the Haitian general election, 1990-1991 with 67% of the vote and was briefly President of Haiti, until a September 1991 military coup. The coup regime collapsed in 1994 under US pressure and threat of force after Aristide agreed to roll back several reforms. Aristide was then President again from 1994 to 1996 and from 2001 to 2004.", "1990  - President Jean-Bertrand Aristade / Haiti - \"In Haiti the first democratic elections were held and won by Jean-Bertrand Aristide, a left-leaning former Catholic priest.\"", "After the United States Department of State cut aid to Haiti on January 31, 1986, the Haitian military forced Jean-Claude Duvalier to depart from Haiti on February 7, 1986. Haiti remained in economic decline and in 1990 the marginated population coalesced to elect liberation-theologian Father Jean-Bertrand Aristide as president of Haiti with 67% of the popular vote.", ", 1953–, president of Haiti (1991, 1994–96, 2001–4). A radical Catholic priest who defended liberation theology, he worked among Haiti's poor and was part of a group of progressive priests who opposed the Duvalier dictatorship.", "François Duvalier (14 April 1907 – 21 April 1971), also known as 'Papa Doc' Duvalier, was the President of Haiti from 1957 until his death in 1971. He opposed a military coup d'état in 1950, and was elected president in 1957 on a populist and black nationalist platform. His rule, based on a purged military, a rural militia known as the Tonton Macoute and the use of a personality cult and voodoo , resulted in the murder of an estimated 30,000 Haitians and the exile of many more. Ruling as President for Life from 1964 until his death in 1971, Duvalier was initially known for successfully fighting diseases, gaining him the nickname 'Papa Doc' (\"Daddy Doc[tor]\" in French). He was succeeded by his son, Jean-Claude , nicknamed \"Baby Doc\". [3]", "February 7 – René Préval succeeds Jean-Bertrand Aristide as president of Haiti , in the first peaceful handover of power since the nation achieved independence.", "The United States took a renewed interest in Haiti during the Cold War . Washington reluctantly backed a series of military strongmen, including François (“Papa Doc”) Duvalier, a disarmingly simple country doctor without apparent military connections who was elected president in 1957. In 1958, Duvalier asked that Marines retrain and reorganize the Haitian Army, and again the Marines handled public works as well as police functions while trying to develop an army that would resist communism. Duvalier became increasingly dictatorial, using a paramilitary secret police to impose terror. Although the United States government was reluctant to cut off aid to Haiti after Cuba became Communist in 1959, it withdrew its military mission and virtually shut down its embassy. “Papa Doc” died in 1971; he was succeeded by his son, Jean Claude (“Baby Doc”) Duvalier.", "* February 7 – René Préval succeeds Jean-Bertrand Aristide as president of Haiti, in the first peaceful handover of power since the nation achieved independence.", "*December 16 – Jean-Bertrand Aristide is elected president of Haiti, ending 3 decades of military rule.", "Jean-Bertrand Aristide won Haiti’s first free election in December 1990. He fled the country a year later after being ousted in a military coup. He was president again from 1994-1996 and then from 2001 to 2004, when he was ousted again.b", "Haitian President Jean Bertrand Aristide addresses a press conference at the presidential palace in Port-Au-Prince February 24, 2004.", "Aristide was deposed in 1991 but returned to the Presidency in 1994 following intervention by a Multi-National Force headed by the US under a UN mandate.  In 1995 Rene Preval was elected President and remained in office until 2000 but was not able to provide the political stability needed to foster economic development.  In 2000, Aristide was again elected President but continuing political opposition led to the near economic collapse of the country. By 2004, following unsuccessful coup attempts and civil unrest, Haiti was on the verge of civil war and Aristide departed Haiti for political exile.  At the end of 2004, an 8,000 member UN Stabilisation Mission (MINUSTAH) was deployed to Haiti to maintain civil order.", "September 22, 1957 is a date which when mentioned brings memories of tyranny, oppression and terror to the minds of many people of Haitian descent. It is the day when Francois Duvalier, better known to most as Papa Doc, took the reigns of the Haitian government. Few could have foreseen the devastation that this elected dictator would bring to the masses of the Haitian population. Although Papa Doc was elected to the Presidential office for a non-renewable six year term, he extended his autocratic tenure for fourteen years. During the time period of 1957-1971, between 20,000 and 50,000 Haitians are said to have been murdered by Duvalier's government. An additional one-fifth of its population lives else-where in political or economic exile. An estimated 80% of Haitians employed in professional fields fled Haiti under this oppressive regime headed by a terrorist. The ramifications of this fleeing to technology and research, education and health care can not be over-estimated. Many of the problems faced by Haiti today can be traced back to the monstrous policies of Duvalierism.", "Following the violence at the aborted national election of 1987, the 1990 election was approached with caution. Aristide announced his candidacy for the presidency. Following a six-week campaign, during which he dubbed his followers the \"\" (National Front for Change and Democracy, or FNCD), Aristide was elected president in 1990 with 67% of the vote in what is generally recognized as the first honest election in Haitian history. However, just eight months into his presidency he was overthrown by a bloody military coup. He broke from FNCD and created the Struggling People's Organization (OPL, Organisation Politique \"Lavalas\") – \"the flood\" or \"torrent\" in Kréyòl.", "The Haitian dictator, also known as Papa Doc governed the poorest country in the Americas from 1957 to his death in 1971. During his reign of terror, about 30,000 Haitians are estimated to have been assassinated, while thousands – mostly intelligence fled the country. Many people consider him responsible for the current situation in Haiti. He was succeeded by his son Jean-Claude Duvalier who continued the reign of terror until 1986 when he went into a self-imposed exile.", "In April 1971, he assumed the presidency of Haiti at the age of 19 upon the death of his father, François Duvalier (nicknamed \"Papa Doc\"), becoming the world's youngest president. Initially, Jean-Claude Duvalier resisted the dynastic arrangement that had made him Haiti's leader, having preferred that the presidency go to his older sister Marie-Denise Duvalier, and was content to leave substantive and administrative matters in the hands of his mother, Simone Ovide Duvalier, and a committee led by Luckner Cambronne, his father's Interior Minister, while he attended ceremonial functions and lived as a playboy.", "Jean-Claude Duvalier, nicknamed “Baby Doc” () (3 July 19514 October 2014), was the President of Haiti from 1971 until his overthrow by a popular uprising in 1986. He succeeded his father François \"Papa Doc\" Duvalier as the ruler of Haiti after the latter's death in 1971. After assuming power, he introduced cosmetic changes to his father's regime and delegated much authority to his advisors. Thousands of Haitians were killed or tortured, and hundreds of thousands fled the country during his presidency. He maintained a notoriously lavish lifestyle (including a state-sponsored US$2million wedding in 1980), and made millions from involvement in the drug trade and from selling body parts from dead Haitians while poverty among his people remained the most widespread of any country in the Western Hemisphere. ", "François Duvalier (; 14 April 190721 April 1971), also known as PapaDoc, was the President of Haiti from 1957 to 1971. He was elected president in 1957 on a populist and black nationalist platform and successfully thwarted a coupd’état in 1958. His rule, based on a purged military, a rural militia known as the , and the use of cult of personality, resulted in the murder of 30,000 to 60,000 Haitians and the exile of many more.", "Haiti was subsequently governed by a succession of unstable regimes in the 1940s and 1950s. In 1957 Francois Duvalier became President following an election that is widely believed to have been influenced by the military. In1964, Duvalier declared himself president for life, maintaining control through a secret police force and death squads. Upon Duvalier's death in 1971, his son, Jean-Claude Duvalier, succeeded him as President for Life.", "In February 2011, Aristide announced \"I will return to Haiti\" within days of the ruling Haitian government removing impediments to him receiving his Haitian passport. On 17 March 2011, Aristide departed for Haiti from his exile in South Africa. U.S. president Barack Obama had asked South African president Jacob Zuma to delay Aristide's departure to prevent him from returning to Haiti before a presidential run-off election scheduled for Sunday. Aristide's party was barred from participating in the election, and the U.S. fear his return could be \"destabilizing\". On Friday, 18 March 2011, he and his spouse arrived at Port-au-Prince Airport, and was greeted by thousands of supporters. He told the crowd waiting at the airport: \"The exclusion of Fanmi Lavalas is the exclusion of the Haitian people. In 1804, the Haitian revolution marked the end of slavery. Today, may the Haitian people end exiles and coups d’État, while peacefully moving from social exclusion to inclusion.\"", "4/10/2014, Jean Claude (Baby Doc) Duvalier died, aged 63. He became dictator of Haiti in 1971. Like his father, Papa Doc, he lived in luxury whilst most Haitians lacked paved roads or sewerage. The poorer Haiti was, the more foreign aid came in, to be diverted to luxuries for the Duvaliers. In the 1980s the Haitian economy collapsed, with many fleeing on boats to Florida; in 1986 food riots forced the Duvaliers to flee, on an American plane. He was useful to the USA as an anti-Communist close to Cuba, and Haiti was a non-unionised cheap-labour locale for US businesses. To universal surprise he returned to Haiti in 2011, after the disastrous earthquake, broken, he said, by exile, and claiming he wished to help his country. His ex-wife Michelle had bankrupted him, taking all the money, and Jean Claude was reduced to living in two rented rooms in Paris. A Haitian judge ruled that any charges against him were time-expired.", "Duvalier studies medicine at the University of Haiti. He graduates in 1934. Working as a doctor he is given the nickname 'Papa Doc' by his patients.", "Port Au Prince, Haiti — Jean-Claude-Duvalier, the self-proclaimed \"president for life\" of Haiti whose corrupt and brutal regime sparked a popular uprising that sent him into a 25-year exile, died Saturday of a heart attack, his attorney said.", "* In 1957, Dr. François Duvalier came to power in an election in Haiti. He later declared himself president for life, and ruled until his death in 1971.", "1907: Birth of François Duvalier (Papa Doc), president of Haiti, virtual dictator who created his own murderous private army, the Tonton Macoute.", "A mourner is lead from the funeral for former Haitian dictator Jean-Claude \"Baby Doc\" Duvalier at the Chapelle Saint Louis de Gonzague in Port au Prince, Haiti on Saturday. Oct, 11, 2014. PATRICK FARRELL MIAMI HERALD", "Jean-Claude Duvalier, known as Baby Doc, is a former dictator of Haiti . Mr. Duvalier ruled with brutality and corruption for nearly 15 years before being overthrown in 1986.", "Former Haitian president Jean-Claude Duvalier \"Baby Doc\" greets people on March 29, 2011 in Port au Prince", "Jean-Claude Duvalier, the second-generation “president for life” who plunged one of the world’s poorest countries into further despair by presiding over widespread killing, torture and plunder, died Oct. 4 at his home in Port-au-Prince. He was 63.", "Former Haitian president Jean-Claude Duvalier outside his home in Port au Prince in 2011. Photograph: Hector Retamal/AFP/Getty Images" ]

[ 7.453125, 6.6171875, 4.26953125, 3.77734375, 3.103515625, 1.5732421875, 0.007358551025390625, -0.7548828125, -1.0234375, -1.06640625, -1.2294921875, -1.8623046875, -2.51953125, -2.6875, -2.95703125, -3.07421875, -3.111328125, -3.197265625, -3.216796875, -3.92578125, -4.046875, -4.1484375, -4.3828125, -4.44921875, -4.66015625, -5.6328125, -5.7578125, -6.0625, -6.2109375, -6.77734375, -7.14453125, -7.6328125 ]

[ "Frank Sinatra's last wife, Barbara Marx Sinatra, reveals details of the couple's 22-year marriage in her memoir, \"Lady Blue Eyes.\"", "You may have heard this news yesterday, but I couldn’t resist commenting on it. Frank Sinatra’s last ex wife, Barbara Sinatra, has a new memoir out in which she writes of her 22 year marriage to Old Blue Eyes, ending when he passed away in 1998 at the age of 82. Barbara is now 84 and is ready to reveal what it was like to be married to the famous crooner. While she remembers plenty of romantic moments it wasn’t always easy going. Frank would sometimes drink gin and she said she avoided him then, but she didn’t get into the details too much. I saw an interview with Barbara on ABC News (below) and I found her story really fascinating. It’s clear that she loved Frank up until the end, and that she misses him terrible. ABC reports that her memoir doesn’t have any details of Frank’s troubled relationship with his daughters at all, and that she steered clear of that topic.", "Sinatra was lastly married to Barbara Marx from 1976 until his death. The couple married at Sunnylands, in Rancho Mirage, California, the estate of media magnate Walter Annenberg, on July 11, 1976.", "While Sinatra never formally learned how to read music, he had a fine, natural understanding of it, and he worked very hard from a young age to improve his abilities in all aspects of music. A perfectionist, renowned for his impeccable dress sense and cleanliness, he always insisted on recording live with his band. His deep blue eyes earned him the popular nickname \"Ol' Blue Eyes\". Sinatra led a colorful personal life, and was often involved in turbulent affairs with women, such as with his second wife Ava Gardner. He went on to marry Mia Farrow in 1966 and Barbara Marx in 1976. Sinatra had several violent confrontations, usually with journalists he felt had crossed him, or work bosses with whom he had disagreements. He was honored at the Kennedy Center Honors in 1983, was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Ronald Reagan in 1985, and the Congressional Gold Medal in 1997. Sinatra was also the recipient of eleven Grammy Awards, including the Grammy Trustees Award, Grammy Legend Award and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. After his death, American music critic Robert Christgau called him \"the greatest singer of the 20th century\", and he continues to be seen as an iconic figure.", "The Chairman of the Board turned his famous blue eyes in the direction of four different women. While his first and last wives were \"civilians,\" Sinatra's second wife, the rumored love of his life, was actress Ava Gardner. His third marriage was to actress Mia Farrow, who was just 21 to Sinatra's 50 when they wed. âXFINITY Entertainment Staff (PHOTO: Keystone/Getty)", "\"When Frank passes away, the family will begin with an open-casket wake in the massive oak sitting room where Frank and Barbara entertained guests during the past 22 years of the marriage,\" says the insider. Mourners invited to the wake will all be longtime buddies of the singer, including Jerry Vale, George Schlatter, Don Rickles, Tom Dreeson, Steve Lawrence and Eydie Gorme. Joining Frank's current wife will be ex-spouses Mia Farrow and Nancy Sr. Sinatra's other ex-wife, Ava Gardner, died in 1990.", "Sinatra was married to Hollywood actress Ava Gardner from 1951 to 1957. It was a turbulent marriage, with many well-publicized fights and altercations, and Gardner aborted a child in November 1952. The couple formally announced their separation on October 29, 1953, through MGM. Gardner filed for divorce in June 1954, at a time when she was dating matador Luis Miguel Dominguín, but the divorce was not settled until 1957. Sinatra continued to feel very strongly for her, and they remained friends for life. He was still dealing with her finances in 1976.", "Frank Sinatra's widow Barbara, 84, dishes on what it was like living with Ol' Blue Eyes in her new memoir.", "In 1949 the bottom fell out of Sinatra's career. He lost his radio job, his New York concerts flopped and he and Nancy split up over his scandalous affair with actress Ava Gardner, who would become Frank's second wife in 1951. He and Gardner later divorced.", "Frank Sinatra and his second wife, Ava Gardner, arriving at LaGuardia Airport in New York, Dec. 7, 1951.", "(December 1997) Frank Sinatra's wife, Barbara, and his daughters, Nancy and Tina, are planning a quiet birthday party for the ailing crooner in the den of his Beverly Hills home Dec. 12. The guest list includes Frank's first wife, Nancy, his son Frank Jr., Don Rickles, Steve Lawrence, Eydie Gorme and Gregory Peck.", "Patrice Wymore Flynn, a film and television actress who appeared opposite Frank Sinatra in the original \"Ocean's Eleven\" but earned wider notice for her real-life role as the last wife of matinee idol Errol Flynn, died Saturday at her home in Portland, Jamaica. She was 87 and had pulmonary disease, said family spokesman Robb Callahan. Wymore Flynn began her career on Broadway in the 1940s, performing in musicals such as \"Hold It!\" and \"All for Love. \" She made her Hollywood debut in the Doris Day-Gordon MacRae romantic comedy \"Tea for Two\" in 1950.", "Lover: Frank Sinatra, pictured with actress wife Ava Gardner before they split, had a brief relationship with Marilyn", "One of his most notable achievements, perhaps unequaled in American history, is that Frank Sinatra slept with the wives of two presidents of the United States: Jacqueline Kennedy and Nancy Reagan. He even spent time alone with Nancy Reagan in the White House while her husband was president.", "That same year Sinatra married a 21-year-old soap-opera actress named Mia Farrow ; however, the marriage ended after 16 months. Sinatra had apparently asked his wife to co-star with him in a movie called The Detective, but when filming overlapped for another movie she was starring in, Rosemary’s Baby, which she remained committed to, Sinatra had her served with divorce papers.", "Sinatra married his fourth wife, Barbara, a former model and dancer who had been married to Zeppo Marx, in 1976. She was said to have a calming effect on her husband.", "** Mia was married to both Frank Sinatra and musician André Previn. After her divorce from Previn, she was in a long-term relationship with entertainment multihyphenate Woody Allen that ended when Allen became romantically involved with (and would ultimately marry) Soon-Yi Previn, Mia's adoptive daughter with Previn.", "Sinatra continued to perform at Caesars Palace in the late 1970s, and was performing there in January 1977 when his mother Dolly died in a plane crash on the way to see him. He cancelled two weeks of shows and spent time recovering from the shock in Barbados. In March, he performed in front of Princess Margaret at the Royal Albert Hall in London, raising money for the NSPCC. On March 14 he recorded with Nelson Riddle for the last time, recording the songs \"Linda\", \"Sweet Loraine\" and \"Barbara\". The two men had a major falling out, and later patched up their differences in January 1985 at a dinner organized for Ronald Reagan, when Sinatra asked Riddle to make another album with him. Riddle was ill at the time, and died that October, before they had a chance to record.", "Sinatra was Dolly's only child and they were devoted to each other. She made him check in with her over the years, usually by telephone every day, no matter where he was performing in the world. She died in a plane crash in 1977 en route to Frank's opening show in Las Vegas. Frank's father died in 1969.", "After the death of her husband Bogart, Lauren developed a relationship with singer Frank Sinatra. The relationship soon broke up as Sinatra was annoyed at the news of the relationship being leaked to the press.", "On July 19, 1966, Farrow married singer Frank Sinatra at the Las Vegas home of Jack Entratter. Farrow was 21 years old at the time while Sinatra was 51. Sinatra wanted Farrow to give up her acting career which she initially agreed to do. She accompanied Sinatra while he was shooting several films but soon tired of doing nothing and signed on to star in Rosemary's Baby. Filming for Rosemary's Baby ran over its initial estimated filming schedule which angered Sinatra who had cast Farrow in a role in his film The Detective. After Farrow failed to report for filming, Sinatra cast actress Jacqueline Bisset in Farrow's role. In November 1967, while Farrow was filming Rosemary's Baby, Sinatra's lawyer served her with divorce papers. Their divorce was finalized in August 1968. Farrow later blamed the demise of the marriage on their age difference and stated that she was an \"impossibly immature teenager\" when she married Sinatra.Santopietro 2009 p.398 The two remained friends until Sinatra's death.", "Wife No. 1: Sinatra with Nancy Barbato, the mother of his three children, in the early 1940s", "American actress, singer and former model. UNICEF ambassador and extensive charity campaigner. Married to Frank Sinatra in the 60s. Ex-girlfriend of Woody Allen.", "Francis Albert Sinatra was born on December 12, 1915, in an upstairs tenement at 415 Monroe Street in Hoboken, New Jersey. He was the only child of Italian immigrants Antonino Martino \"Marty\" Sinatra (May 4, 1892 – January 24, 1969), the son of grape growers from Lercara Friddi, and Natalina \"Dolly\" Garaventa (December 26, 1896 – January 6, 1977), daughter of a lithographer from Genoa. The couple had eloped on Valentine's Day 1913, and married in a civil ceremony in Jersey City, New Jersey. Sinatra weighed at birth and had to be delivered with the aid of forceps, which caused severe scarring to his left cheek, neck, and ear, and perforated his ear drum, damage that remained for life. Due to his injuries at birth, his baptism at St. Francis Church in Hoboken was delayed until April 2, 1916. A childhood operation on his mastoid bone left major scarring on his neck, and during adolescence he suffered from cystic acne that scarred his face and neck. Sinatra was raised Roman Catholic. ", "Nancy Sandra Sinatra (born June 8, 1940) is an American singer and actress. She is the daughter of singer/actor Frank Sinatra and is widely known for her 1966 signature hit \"These Boots Are Made for Walkin'\".", "Nancy Sandra Sinatra (born June 8, 1940) is an American singer and actress. She is the daughter of Frank Sinatra and is widely known for her 1966 signature hit \"These Boots Are Made for Walkin'\".", "Sometimes Sinatra joked about her on-stage. \"I finally found a broad I can cheat on,\" he said. But they separated in 1967 and were divorced the following year.", "Born in Hoboken, New Jersey, on December 12, 1915, Frank Sinatra rose to fame singing big band numbers. In the '40s and '50s, he had a dazzling array of hit songs and albums and went on to appear in dozens of films, winning a supporting actor Oscar for From Here to Eternity. He left behind a massive catalog of work that includes iconic tunes like \"Love and Marriage,\" \"Strangers in the Night,\" \"My Way\" and \"New York, New York.\" He died on May 14, 1998 in Los Angeles, California. ", "Frank Sinatra, in full Francis Albert Sinatra (born December 12, 1915, Hoboken , New Jersey , U.S.—died May 14, 1998, Los Angeles , California ), American singer and motion-picture actor who, through a long career and a very public personal life, became one of the most sought-after performers in the entertainment industry; he is often hailed as the greatest American singer of 20th-century popular music .", "She had a serious affair with Frank Sinatra. However, they weren't compatible, so they broke it off.", "Led a very interesting life. A natural beauty with good acting skills Love this pic of her wedding to Frank Sinatra Looks straight out of Mad Men or The Sopranos!", "Frank Sinatra Jr. , the son of the legendary entertainer who had a long musical career of his own, died March 16, said manager Andrea Kauffman. He was 72." ]

[ 8.53125, 7.2265625, 6, 4.58203125, 4.5625, 4.33984375, 2.458984375, 2.21484375, 2.15625, 2.001953125, 1.8271484375, 1.77734375, 1.1669921875, 1.0888671875, 1.068359375, 0.386962890625, 0.321533203125, 0.290771484375, 0.11065673828125, -0.2159423828125, -0.438232421875, -0.484130859375, -1.8837890625, -1.9912109375, -2.30859375, -2.55078125, -2.5625, -3.326171875, -3.341796875, -3.55859375, -4.078125, -5.125 ]

[ "Idi Amin Dada ( /ˈiːdi ɑːˈmiːn/ ; c. 1925 – 16 August 2003) was the third President of Uganda , ruling from 1971 to 1979. Amin joined the British colonial regiment, the King's African Rifles , in 1946, serving in Kenya and Uganda . Eventually, Amin held the rank of major general in the post-colonial Ugandan Army , and became its commander before seizing power in the military coup of January 1971 , deposing Milton Obote . He later promoted himself to field marshal while he was the head of state.", "Idi Amin Dada ( /ˈiːdi ɑːˈmiːn/ ; c. 1923–28 – 16 August 2003) was the third President of Uganda , ruling from 1971 to 1979. Amin joined the British colonial regiment the King's African Rifles in 1946, serving in Kenya and Uganda . Eventually, Amin held the rank of major general in the post-colonial Ugandan Army , and became its commander before seizing power in the military coup of January 1971 , deposing Milton Obote . He later promoted himself to field marshal while he was the head of state.", "Idi Amin Dada (mid-1920s – 16 August 2003 ), commonly known as Idi Amin, was a military dictator and the President of Uganda from 1971 to 1979. Amin joined the British colonial regiment, the King's African Rifles in 1946, and advanced to the rank of Major General and Commander of the Ugandan Army. He took power in a military coup in January 1971, deposing Milton Obote. His rule was characterized by human rights abuses, political repression, ethnic persecution, extra-judicial killings and the expulsion of Asians from Uganda. The number of people killed as a result of his regime is unknown; estimates from human rights groups range from 100,000 to 500,000.", "On 25 January 1971, President Obote was overthrown by a military coup led by General Idi Amin. Several commentators and historians claimed Israel played a vital role in the revolt. Before analyzing the veracity of the charge, a few key points in Amin’s life and his relationship with Obote should be clarified.", "In Jan., 1971, Obote, at the time outside the country, was deposed in a coup by Maj. Gen. Idi Amin. Amin was faced with opposition within the army by officers and troops loyal to Obote, but by the end of 1971 he was in firm control. Amin cultivated good relations with the Baganda. In 1972–73 he initiated severe diplomatic wrangles with the United States and Israel, both of which had provided Uganda with military and economic aid and were now accused of trying to undermine the government. Amin purged the Lango and Acholi tribes and moved against the army. In Aug., 1972, he ordered Asians who were not citizens of Uganda to leave the country, and within three months all 60,000 had left, most of them for Great Britain. Although a small minority, Asians had played a significant role in Ugandan business and finance, and their expulsion hurt the economy. From 1971 to 1973, there were border clashes with Tanzania, partly instigated by exiled Ugandans loyal to Obote, but, in early 1973, Amin and Julius Nyerere, president of Tanzania, reached an agreement that appeared to head off future incidents.", "After a military coup on 25 January 1971, Obote was deposed from power and General Idi Amin seized control of the country. Amin ruled Uganda as dictator with the support of the military for the next eight years. He carried out mass killings within the country to maintain his rule. An estimated 300,000 Ugandans lost their lives during his regime, many of them in the north, which he associated with Obote's loyalists. Aside from his brutalities, he forcibly removed the entrepreneurial Indian minority from Uganda, which left the country's economy in ruins. Amin's atrocities were graphically accounted in the 1977 book, A State of Blood, written by one of his former ministers after he fled the country. Amin's reign was ended after the Uganda-Tanzania War in 1979, in which Tanzanian forces aided by Ugandan exiles invaded Uganda.", "Uganda gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1962. The country experienced five years of multi-party democracy under President Milton Obote before his regime began a slide toward violent dictatorship. Obote was ousted in 1971 by a non-commissioned army officer, Idi Amin Dada, whose coup was initially welcomed with widespread enthusiasm.", "General Idi Amin Dada Oumee (May 17, 1928? - August 16, 2003) was the military dictator of Uganda from January 25, 1971, to April 13, 1979.", "- In March 1979, Idi Amin flees to his homeland, and in April is deposed as president of Uganda, ending his regime.", "In 1966, Amin served as one of the chief commanders in the Army, and very close friend with Prime Minister Milton Obote. They were both incriminated in a scandal with gold smuggling. Following the scandal, Obote suspended the constitution, arrested half of his cabinet and installed himself as president for life. Amin led a military operation to drive King Mutesa away from his palace. Amin is promoted to major general. In 1969, there was an unsuccessful assassination attempt on Obote, and both he and Amin think the net is closing on them. One of Amin’s rivals in the army, Pierino Okoya is killed in 1970, which deteriorates Amin from Obote. In 1971, Obote plans to arrest Amin, but Idi finds out. While Obote is out of the country in January, Idi Amin stages a coup supported by Israel and the British, accusing Obote of corruption. He takes power, supported by Ugandans, and claims he is not an ambitious man. Instead, Amin claims he is “just a soldier with concern for his country and its people”. He is declared president and chief of the armed forces. Immediately after, Amin executes all officers and troops loyal to Obote, starting his dictatorship and regime.", "As the years went on, Amin became increasingly erratic and outspoken. In 1977, after Britain had broken diplomatic relations with his regime, Amin declared he had beaten the British and conferred on himself the decoration of CBE (Conqueror of the British Empire). Radio Uganda then read out the whole of his new title: \" His Excellency President for Life, Field Marshal Al Hadji Doctor Idi Amin Dada, VC, DSO, MC, CBE.\" In 1971, Amin and Zaire's president Mobutu Sese Seko changed the names of Lake Albert and Lake Edward to Lake Mobutu Sese Seko and Lake Idi Amin Dada, respectively. Amin became the subject of rumours and myths, including a widespread belief that he was a cannibal. Some of the unsubstantiated rumours, such as the mutilation of one of his wives, were spread and popularised by the 1980 film, Rise and Fall of Idi Amin.", "During his years in power, Amin shifted in allegiance from being a pro-Western ruler enjoying considerable Israeli support to being backed by Libya's Muammar Gaddafi , Zaire's Mobutu Sese Seko , the Soviet Union , and East Germany . [4] [5] [6] In 1975, Amin became the chairman of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), a Pan-Africanist group designed to promote solidarity of the African states. [7] During the 1977–1979 period, Uganda was a member of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights . [8] Amin did however enjoy the support of the American CIA, which helped deliver bombs and other military equipment to Amin's Army and helped take part in military operations with Amin's forces in Uganda. [9] In 1977, when Britain broke diplomatic relations with Uganda, Amin declared he had defeated the British and added \"CBE\", for \"Conqueror of the British Empire\", to his title. Radio Uganda then announced his entire title: \"His Excellency President for Life, Field Marshal Alhaji Dr. Idi Amin Dada, VC, DSO, MC, CBE\". [3]", "Dr. Milton Obote being welcomed by Idi Amin Dada back in the day. Then minister Wakholi learnt from radio that Amin had overthrown his boss, President Obote.", "Idi Amin Dada (mid-1920s – August 16, 2003) was President of Uganda from 1971 to 1979. His reign was characterized by human rights abuses, political repression, sectarian violence, and ethnic persecution, in particular with the expulsion of Asians from Uganda, and persecution of the Acholi people and Lango ethnic groups. The death toll during Amin's regime probably will never be accurately known; estimates range from 80,000 to as high as 500,000. Amin styled himself His Excellency, President of Uganda, President President for Life, Field Marshal Al Hadji, Doctor Idi Amin, VC, Distinguished Service Order, Military Cross, Lord of All the Beasts of the Earth and Fishes of the Sea, and Conqueror of the British Empire in Africa in General and Uganda in Particular.", "After hearing that Obote was planning to arrest him for misappropriating army funds, he seized power in a coup on January 25, 1971, when Obote was attending a Commonwealth meeting in Singapore. Obote stayed in exile, and Amin declared himself the new President.", "How did Idi Amin Dada lead a successful coup in 1971? (Part 2, by William Miles)", "1971 45 Years Old In January 1971, Obote was overthrown by the army while on a visit to Singapore to attend a Commonwealth conference, and Amin became President. … Read More", "How did Idi Amin Dada lead a successful coup in 1971? (Part 2, by William Miles) | PublisHistory Blog", "A few years and two failed—but unidentified—assassination attempts later, Obote began to question Amin’s loyalty and ordered his arrest while en route to Singapore for a Commonwealth Heads of Government Conference. During his absence, Amin took the offensive and staged a coup on January 25, 1971, seizing control of the government and forcing Obote into exile.", "On 2 February 1971, one week after the coup, Amin declared himself President of Uganda, Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, Army Chief of Staff , and Chief of Air Staff. He announced that he was suspending certain provisions of the Ugandan constitution , and soon instituted an Advisory Defence Council composed of military officers with himself as the chairman. Amin placed military tribunals above the system of civil law , appointed soldiers to top government posts and parastatal agencies, and informed the newly inducted civilian cabinet ministers that they would be subject to military discipline . [14] [27] Amin renamed the presidential lodge in Kampala from Government House to \"The Command Post\". He disbanded the General Service Unit (GSU), an intelligence agency created by the previous government, and replaced it with the State Research Bureau (SRB). SRB headquarters at the Kampala suburb of Nakasero became the scene of torture and executions over the next few years. [28] Other agencies used to persecute dissenters included the military police and the Public Safety Unit (PSU). [28]", "In 1972, Amin severed diplomatic ties with Britain and nationalized 85 British owned businesses. He also expelled Israeli military advisors, turning instead to Muammar al-Qaddafi of Libya and the Soviet Union for support. [6]", "Eventually, a rift developed between Amin and Obote, worsened by the support Amin had built within the army by recruiting from the West Nile region, his involvement in operations to support the rebellion in southern Sudan , and an attempt on Obote's life in 1969. In October 1970, Obote himself took control of the armed forces, reducing Amin from his months-old post of commander of all the armed forces to that of commander of the army. [22]", "As president of Uganda from 1971 to 1979, Idi Amin (c. 1925–) became well known for his terrible violations of human rights, for causing the collapse of the country's economy, and for causing social disorganization. Amin is remembered best as the tyrant of Uganda who was responsible for a reign filled with mass killings and disorder.", "However, on 25 January 1971, whilst Obote attended a Commonwealth meeting in Singapore, Amin led a coup d'etat and took control of the country, declaring himself president.", "    In his first year as president Amin ordered massacres of  large numbers of Langi and Acholi troops who were suspected of being loyal to Obote. After Amin's demands for large increases in military assistance were rebuffed by Israel and Britain, he expelled all Israeli advisers in 1972 and turned to the Arab Republic of  Libya, which gave him immediate support. In doing so, Amin became the first black African leader to renounce ties with the Jewish state of Israel and side instead with Islamic nations in the Middle East conflict over. Subsequently, Amin made a number of anti-Semitic declarations, including praising German dictator Adolf Hitler for killing Jewish people during World War II. To cover up an army mutiny in southwestern Uganda, Amin invaded Tanzania, seizing a strip of Tanzanian territory north of the Kagera River in late 1978. The Tanzanian government swiftly mobilized its army and forced out the Ugandan soldiers. Then, accompanied by a small contingent of anti-Amin Ugandan rebels, the Tanzanian army invaded Uganda in early 1979. By April they had fought their way to Kampala, the Ugandan capital, and overthrown Amin's government.", "On February 2, 1971 , one week after the coup, Amin declared himself President of Uganda, Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, Army Chief of Staff and Chief of Air Staff. He announced that he was suspending certain provisions of the constitution and soon instituted an Advisory Defence Council composed of military officers, with himself as the chairman. Amin placed military tribunals above the system of civil law, appointed soldiers to top government posts and parastatal agencies, and informed the newly inducted civilian cabinet ministers that they would be subject to military discipline. Amin renamed the presidential lodge in Kampala from Government House to \"The Command Post\". He disbanded the General Service Unit (GSU), an intelligence agency created by the previous government, and replaced it with the State Research Bureau (SRB). SRB headquarters at the Kampala suburb of Nakasero became the scene of torture and executions over the next several years. Other agencies used to root out political dissent included the military police and the Public Safety Unit (PSU).", "Eventually a rift developed between Amin and Obote, exacerbated by the support Amin had built within the army by recruiting from the West Nile region, his involvement in operations to support the rebellion in southern Sudan and an attempt on Obote's life in 1969. In October 1970, Obote took control of the armed forces, reducing Amin from his months-old post of commander of all the armed forces to that of commander of the army.", "Idi Amin’s expulsion of the Israelis from Uganda shocked the Israeli government and public. This was the first severance of relations with an African country in the 1970s. Israel had already experienced hostile measures by Amin but did not expect relations to be cut off completely.", "Following Gen. Amin's coup of 25 January 1971, provisions of the 1967 constitution dealing with the executive and legislature were suspended, and Amin ruled by decree. As commander-in-chief of the armed forces and president of the military government, he exercised virtually all power.", "In 1966, the Ugandan Parliament demanded an investigation. Obote imposed a new constitution abolishing the ceremonial presidency held by Kabaka (King) Mutesa II of Buganda, and declared himself executive president. He promoted Amin to colonel and army commander. Amin led an attack on the Kabaka's palace and forced Mutesa into exile to the United Kingdom, where he remained until his death in 1969.", "In 1962 Amin participated in stopping cattle rustling between neighboring ethnic groups in Karamoja (Uganda) and Turkana (Kenya). Because of atrocities he committed during these operations, British officials recommended to Apolo Milton Obote (Uganda's prime minister) that he be prosecuted. Obote instead reprimanded him, since it would have been unpolitical to prosecute one of the two African commissioned officers just before Uganda was to gain her independence from Britain on October 9, 1962. Thereafter Amin was promoted to captain in 1962 and major in 1963 and was selected to participate in the commanding officers' course at Wiltshire school of infantry in Britain in 1963.", "Dissent within Uganda and Amin's attempt to annex the Kagera province of Tanzania in 1978 led to the Uganda–Tanzania War and the demise of his regime. Amin fled first to Libya , then to Saudi Arabia , where he died in 2003." ]

[ 7.375, 7.34375, 7.28515625, 3.541015625, 3.201171875, 2.720703125, 2.177734375, 1.8916015625, 1.7138671875, 1.291015625, 0.564453125, 0.188232421875, 0.0634765625, -0.0421142578125, -0.11004638671875, -0.236083984375, -0.63720703125, -0.755859375, -0.79248046875, -0.8369140625, -0.91650390625, -1.0615234375, -1.087890625, -1.2216796875, -1.9765625, -2.1171875, -2.38671875, -3.359375, -3.361328125, -4.359375, -4.875, -6.10546875 ]

[ "Hafez al-Assad (October 6, 1930 � June 10, 2000) was president of Syria, for three decades. Assad's rule stabilized and consolidated the power of the country's central government after decades of coups and counter-coups. He was succeeded by his son and current president Bashar al-Assad in 2000. Early life Hafez al-Assad was born in the town of Qardaha in the Latakia province of western Syria (then a French Mandate) into a minority Alawite family. He was the first member of his family to attend high school. He attended Jules Jammal High School in Lattakia from which he graduated. He joined the Baath Party in 1946 at the age of 16. Because his family had no money to send him to university, Assad went to the Syrian Military Academy (where he met Mustafa Tlass) and received a free higher ...", "Hafez al-Assad ( ', Levantine pronunciation: Modern Standard; 6 October 1930 – 10 June 2000) was a Syrian statesman, politician and general who was President of Syria from 1971 to 2000, Prime Minister from 1970 to 1971, Regional Secretary of the Regional Command of the Syrian Regional Branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party and Secretary General of the National Command of the Ba'ath Party from 1970 to 2000. He participated in the 1963 Syrian coup d'état which brought the Syrian Regional Branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party to power, and was appointed Commander of the Syrian Air Force by the new leadership. In 1966, Assad participated in a second coup, which toppled the traditional leaders of the Ba'ath Party, and brought a radical military faction headed by Salah Jadid to power. Assad was appointed defense minister by the new government. In 1970 Assad seized power by toppling Jadid, and appointed himself the undisputed leader of Syria in the period 1970–1971.", "      Pres. Hafez al-Assad, ruler of Syria since 1971, dies in Damascus, Syria; his son, Bashar al-Assad, succeeds him and is inaugurated on July 17.", "Hafez al-Assad died on June 10, 2000. In the days following his death, Syria's parliament quickly voted to lower the minimum age for presidential candidates from 40 to 34, so that Bashar could be eligible for the office. Ten days after Hafez's death, Bashar al-Assad was chosen for a seven-year term as president of Syria. In a public referendum, running unopposed, he received 97 percent of the vote. He was also selected leader of the Ba'ath Party and commander in chief of the military.", "In 2000, Bashar al-Assad took over as President of Syria upon Hafez al-Assad′s death. He and his wife Asma al-Assad, a Sunni Muslim born and educated in Britain, initially inspired hopes for democratic reforms. A Damascus Spring of social and political debate took place between July 2000 and August 2001. The Damascus Spring largely ended in August 2001 with the arrest and imprisonment of ten leading activists who had called for democratic elections and a campaign of civil disobedience. In the opinion of his critics, Bashar Assad had failed to deliver on promised reforms.", "Subsequently the main line of division was drawn between the so-called progressive faction, led by Nureddin Atassi, which gave priority to the firm establishment of a one-party state and to neo-Marxist economic reform, and the so-called nationalist group, led by Gen. Hafez al- Assad . Assad's following was less doctrinaire about socialism, favoring a militant posture on the Arab union and hostility toward Israel. Despite constant maneuvering and government changes, the two factions remained in an uneasy coalition of power until 1970, when, in another coup, Assad succeeded in ousting Atassi as prime minister. Assad, one of the longest-ruling leaders of the contemporary Middle East, and the Ba'athist party remained at Syria's political helm until 2000, when he was succeeded by Bashar al- Assad , his son.", "President Assad rule has been characterized with cling to popular democracy whereby Syria's Constitution was adopted and Parliament role was boosted through the increase of the number of independent MPs as to ascertain full representation to all Syrians.", "Following the breakup of the Ottoman Empire during World War I, France administered Syria until its independence in 1946. The country lacked political stability, however, and experienced a series of military coups during its first decades. Syria united with Egypt in February 1958 to form the United Arab Republic. In September 1961, the two entities separated, and the Syrian Arab Republic was reestablished. In November 1970, Hafiz al-ASAD, a member of the Socialist Ba'th Party and the minority Alawite sect, seized power in a bloodless coup and brought political stability to the country. In the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, Syria lost the Golan Heights to Israel. During the 1990s, Syria and Israel held occasional peace talks over its return. Following the death of President al-ASAD, his son, Bashar al-ASAD, was approved as president by popular referendum in July 2000. Syrian troops - stationed in Lebanon since 1976 in an ostensible peacekeeping role - were withdrawn in April 2005. During the July-August 2006 conflict between Israel and Hizballah, Syria placed its military forces on alert but did not intervene directly on behalf of its ally Hizballah.", "The Arab defeat in the Six-Day War, in which Israel captured the Golan Heights from Syria, provoked a furious quarrel among Syria's leadership. The civilian leadership blamed military incompetence, and the military responded by criticizing the civilian leadership (led by Jadid). Several high-ranking party members demanded Assad's resignation, and an attempt was made to vote him out of the Regional Command, the party's highest decision-making body. The motion was defeated by one vote, with Abd al-Karim al-Jundi (who the anti-Assad members hoped would succeed Assad as defense minister) voting, as Patrick Seale put it, \"in a comradely gesture\" to retain him. During the end of the war, the party leadership freed Aflaqites Umran, Amin al-Hafiz and Mansur al-Atrash from prison. Shortly after his release, Hafiz was approached by dissident Syrian military officers to oust the government; he refused, believing that a coup at that time would have helped Israel, but not Syria.", "After the Jordanian fiasco, Assad’s final coup against his internal rivals was to finish his protracted power struggle with Salah al-Jadid, chief of staff of the armed forces. Al-Jadid had been Assad’s political mentor and was the effective leader of Syria. Nevertheless, in November 1970, Assad seized total control and arrested Jadid, along with other members of the government.", "....Bashar al-Assad promised a more democratic Syria when he succeeded his father in 2000, but his presidency is becoming defined by his regime's violent crackdown.", "Following World War I, France acquired a mandate over the northern portion of the former Ottoman Empire province of Syria. The French administered the area as Syria until granting it independence in 1946. The new country lacked political stability, however, and experienced a series of military coups during its first decades. Syria united with Egypt in February 1958 to form the United Arab Republic. In September 1961, the two entities separated, and the Syrian Arab Republic was reestablished. In November 1970, Hafiz al-ASAD, a member of the Socialist Ba'th Party and the minority Alawite sect, seized power in a bloodless coup and brought political stability to the country. In the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, Syria lost the Golan Heights to Israel. During the 1990s, Syria and Israel held occasional peace talks over its return. Following the death of President al-ASAD, his son, Bashar al-ASAD, was approved as president by popular referendum in July 2000. Syrian troops - stationed in Lebanon since 1976 in an ostensible peacekeeping role - were withdrawn in April 2005. During the July-August 2006 conflict between Israel and Hizballah, Syria placed its military forces on alert but did not intervene directly on behalf of its ally Hizballah.", "President Bashar al-Assad belongs to the Alawite minority, an offshoot of Shiite Islam specific to Syria (with small population pockets in Lebanon). The Assad family has been in power since 1970 and although it presided over a secular regime, many Syrians think Alawites have enjoyed privileged access to top government jobs and business opportunities.", "Alawites initially opposed a united Syrian state (since they thought their status as a religious minority would endanger them), and Hafez's father shared this belief. As the French left Syria, many Syrians mistrusted Alawites because of their alignment with France. Hafez left his Alawite village, beginning his education at age nine in Sunni-dominated Latakia. He was the first in his family to attend high school, but in Latakia Assad faced Sunni anti-Alawite bias. He was an excellent student, winning several prizes at about age 14. Assad lived in a poor, predominantly Alawite part of Latakia; to fit in, he approached political parties that welcomed Alawites. These parties (which also espoused secularism) were the Syrian Communist Party, the Syrian Social Nationalist Party (SSNP) and the Arab Ba'ath Party; Assad joined the latter in 1946, and some of his friends belonged to the SSNP. The Ba'ath (Renaissance) Party espoused a pan-Arabist, socialist ideology.", "Disagreement developed between Jadid, who controlled the party apparatus, and Assad, who controlled the military. The 1970 retreat of Syrian forces sent to aid the PLO during the \"Black September\" hostilities with Jordan reflected this disagreement. The power struggle culminated in the November 1970 Syrian Corrective Revolution, a bloodless military overthrow that installed Hafez al-Assad as the strongman of the government. ", "* Syrian Civil War (since March 15, 2011) – Protests erupted in Syria against President Bashar al-Assad's rule and called for democratic reforms. The uprising later intensified after police and the army were sent in to crack down on protesters, laying siege to various opposition strongholds in the country. The uprising later morphed into war after army officers defected to the opposition, forming the Free Syrian Army (FSA). Over the course of the war, moderate rebel groups, including the FSA, began to splinter and lose influence in the conflict, allowing for Islamic extremist groups like Al-Nusra Front and ISIL to take control of vast amounts of territory. By 2014, ISIL was the main force fighting Assad. ", "Hafez al-Assad, the leader of a radical wing of the Arab Socialist party, the Baath, seized control in 1971. He cracked down hard on dissent and in 1982 killed thousands of members of the the Muslim Brotherhood opposition organization. However, his tight-reined rule averted the civil war and political anarchy that plagued Middle Eastern countries such as Lebanon. In 1992, he won his fourth consecutive bid for election with 99.9 percent of the vote. During the Gulf War in the early 1990s, the country aligned itself with the anti-Iraq coalition, thus winning the approval of the United States and removing itself from the United States' government's list of nations supporting international terrorism. Hafez al-Assad died in June 2000. The younger of his two sons, Bashar, assumed his father's position.", "On the May 14, 1971, the new Regional Command of the Baath Arab Socialist Party held its first meeting and elected President Hafez Al-Assad Regional Secretary of the Party. In the second half of August 1971 he was elected Secretary General of the Party during its Eleventh National Conference.", "January 21, 1994: Bassel Assad (31), son of Syrian President Hafez Assad and head of the presidential security apparatus, was killed when his Mercedes collided with a motorway roundabout. He had been driving fast through fog on his way to the Damascus Airport when the collision occurred.", "In 1949 popular dissatisfaction with the performance of the conservative ruling elite reached a peak, giving the Baath Party an opportunity to play a more prominent role in Syrian politics. Army officers were angered by what they perceived as civilian bungling of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. This anger paved the way for Brigadier General Husni az Zaim to stage Syria's first army coup d'�tat, an event that presaged the rise of the military as the controlling force in Syrian politics. The bloodless takeover, which was widely applauded by the press, opposition politicians, and much of the public, marked the permanent transfer of political power from the traditional landowning elite to a new coalition of young intellectuals, army officers, and the small but growing middle class. The Baath Party welcomed the coup and hoped the Zaim regime would stamp out the government's endemic corruption and usher in parliamentary politics.", "On 23 February 1966, the Military Committee carried out an intra-party overthrow, imprisoned President Amin Hafiz and designated a regionalist, civilian Ba'ath government on 1 March. Although Nureddin al-Atassi became the formal head of state, Salah Jadid was Syria's effective ruler from 1966 until 1970. The coup led to a split within the original pan-Arab Ba'ath Party: one Iraqi-led ba'ath movement (ruled Iraq from 1968 to 2003) and one Syrian-led ba'ath movement was established.", "1998 - President Emile Lahoud / Lebanon - November 24th, 1998: \"Parliament elects pro-Syrian army commander, Gen. Emile Lahoud, as president.\" [Based on A.P., 02/15/05]", "Abdelaziz Bouteflika (; ‘Abd al-‘Azīz Būtaflīka; born 2 March 1937) is an Algerian politician who has been the fifth President of Algeria since 1999. He was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1963 to 1979. As President, he presided over the end of the bloody Algerian Civil War in 2002, and he ended emergency rule in February 2011 amidst regional unrest. He has also served as president of the United Nations General Assembly.", "Soon after the death of Bassel, Hafez Assad made the decision to make Bashar the new heir-apparent. Over the next six and half years, until his death in 2000, Hafez went about systematically preparing Bashar for taking over power. Preparations for a smooth transition were made on three levels. First, support was built up for Bashar in the military and security apparatus. Second, Bashar's image was established with the public. And lastly, Bashar was familiarized with the mechanisms of running the country.", "Protests demanding greater freedom and an end to corruption began in the southern city of Deraa in March 2011. After security forces opened fire on demonstrators, more took to the streets. By July 2011, hundreds of thousands of people across the country were attending protests demanding President Bashar al-Assad's resignation.", "At this time, Bashar was leading the life a medical student, and had no intentions of entering a political life. His father had been grooming Bassel as the future president. But in 1994, Bassel was killed in an automobile accident, and Bashar was recalled to Damascus. Bashar's life would soon radically change. Hafez quickly and quietly moved to have Bashar succeed him as president; Bashar entered the military academy at Homs, located north of Damascus, and was quickly pushed through the ranks to become a colonel in just five years. During this time, he served as an advisor to his father, hearing complaints and appeals from citizens, and led a campaign against corruption. As a result, he was able to remove many potential rivals.", "Bashar al-Assad’s government brutally suppressed mass protests which began on 15 March 2011. The violent response sparked the region’s most severe armed conflict in which more than 250,000 people have been killed, according to the UN.", "2000. Abdoulaye Wade, from the Democratic Party, is elected president, making him the country's first non-socialist president since the country gained independence in 1960.", "In 1966, Assad took part in a coup that overthrew the civilian leadership of the Ba’ath party. Its founders were sent into exile, and Assad rose to become Minister of Defense.", "The president is elected for a seven-year term by universal suffrage. A candidate to the office must be a Syrian Arab Muslim, at least forty years of age, proposed by the Baath Party, and nominated by the People's Council. The nominee is submitted to a national referendum. To be elected, the candidate must receive an absolute majority of votes cast. If not, a new candidate must be selected by the Baath Party for formal nomination by the People's Council.", "Bachir Gemayel was elected president on 23 August. He was assassinated on 14 September by Habib Tanious Shartouni, affiliated to the Syrian Social Nationalist Party.", "The ensuing instability, following the 1961 coup culminated in the 8 March 1963 Ba'athist coup. The takeover was engineered by members of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, led by Michel Aflaq and Salah al-Din al-Bitar. The new Syrian cabinet was dominated by Ba'ath members." ]

[ 5.15234375, 4.5859375, 3.51171875, 2.5703125, 1.548828125, 1.2724609375, 0.591796875, 0.480224609375, -0.52392578125, -0.63720703125, -0.77685546875, -0.9521484375, -1.2255859375, -1.3212890625, -1.3291015625, -1.591796875, -1.6328125, -3.080078125, -3.271484375, -3.544921875, -3.935546875, -4.609375, -4.84375, -5.37890625, -6.4453125, -6.5859375, -7.08203125, -7.53125, -7.86328125, -8.015625, -9.1015625, -9.484375 ]

[ "Nicholas II was reburied with his wife and three daughters in Saint Petersburg in 1998, while White Russian military leader Anton Denikin was reburied last year.", "On 17 July 1998 a historic ceremony of mourning and commemoration took place in the ancestral church of the Peter and Paul Fortress in St Petersburg. President Boris Yeltsin, in a dramatic eleventh-hour change of heart, decided to represent his country when the bones of the last emperor, Tsar Nicholas II, and his family were laid to rest 80 years to the day after their assassination in Yekaterinberg (Binyon, 1998). He described it as ‘ironic that the Orthodox Church, for so long the bedrock of the people’s faith, should find it difficult to give this blessing the country had expected’. ‘I have studied the results of DNA testing carried out in England and abroad and am convinced that the remains are those of the Tsar and his family’ (The Times, 1998a). Unfortunately, politicians and the hierarchy of the Russian Orthodox Church had argued about what to do with the bones previously stored in plastic bags in a provincial city mortuary. Politics, ecclesiastical intrigue, secular ambition, and emotions had fuelled the debate. Yeltsin and the Church wanted to honour a man many consider to be a saint, but many of the older generation are opposed to the rehabilitation of a family which symbolizes the old autocracy.", "To the east of the cathedral stands the Commandants’ cemetery - the designated burial location for those who served in prior positions in the Russian army. Nowadays the fortress encompasses a tomb at the base of the elegant spire and is the last resting place of every Russian ruler starting from Peter the Great to Alexander III. In 1998 the remains of Nicholas II and his family were also moved there to join the remains of their royal ancestors.", "Novodevichy Convent – Both a convent and a fortress, Novodevichy was built in the early 1500s and has remained nearly intact since the 17th century, making it one of the best preserved historical complexes in Moscow. The adjacent Novodevichy Cemetery is one of Russia's most famous cemeteries. Famous people buried there include Anton Chekhov, Nickolai Gogol, Konstantine Stanislavski, Nikita Khrushchev, Raisa Gorbachev (the former President's wife), and Boris Yeltsin. Metro: Sportivnaya. Open from 9am until 5pm. If you want to locate the graves of famous people, you can try and buy a map (only in Russian) from the booth close to the entrance of the cemetery. However, the lady at the booth is rude to the tourists who don't speak Russian.", "In April 2007, Russian Federation's first President Boris Yeltsin was buried in state funeral after church ceremony at Novodevichy Cemetery. He was the first Russian leader and head of state in 113 years to be buried in a church ceremony, after Emperor Alexander III of Russia.", "The founder of the Soviet Union and the head of state from 1922 up to his death in 1924 following a series of strokes. He was exiled by the then-current Czar of what was then known as the Russian Empire, Czar Nikolas II. During his exile, he studied Karl Marx and later decided to implement his theories by orchestrating a violent socialist revolution in Russia, known as the Russian Revolution, with a group of dissatisfied Russians called the Bolsheviks, also known as the Red Russians for their adherence to Communism, which he ultimately succeeded in. After his death, he was embalmed and placed in a glass coffin to be observed by the Soviet public. He also had his likeness used posthumously, alongside Stalin, in various May Day parades on Red Square. After the fall of communism and the USSR in the 1990s, various statues of Lenin, including those in Russia and Chechnya, were toppled, either by the populace or during wars against each other.", "Visit the final resting place of many of the Romanov family, Russia’s last czars. Their graves are within the Peter and Paul Cathedral and can be located relatively easily thanks to their white marble sarcophagi. The graves of Nicholas II and his family, killed by revolutionaries in 1918, are in the St. Catherine’s Chapel on the site.", "Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (; ; 1 February 1931 – 23 April 2007) was a Soviet and Russian politician and the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999. Originally a supporter of Mikhail Gorbachev, Yeltsin emerged under the perestroika reforms as one of Gorbachev's most powerful political opponents. During the late 1980s, Yeltsin had been a member of the Politburo, and in late 1987 tendered a letter of resignation in protest. No one had resigned from the Politburo before. This act branded Yeltsin as a rebel and led to his rise in popularity as an anti-establishment figure.", "Under Nikita Khrushchev and Leonid Brezhnev, the honor of interment in the Kremlin wall was awarded posthumously by the Politburo. When members of the Politburo were not available immediately, Mikhail Suslov had the first call. Brezhnev overruled Suslov's decision at least once, voting to bury Semyon Budenny in an individual grave. There were also at least two known cases when groups of professionals pressed the government to extend special honors to their deceased colleagues:", "However, by 1996, at the age of 30, Abramovich had become so rich and politically well-connected that he had become close to President Boris Yeltsin, and had moved into an apartment in the Kremlin at the invitation of the Yeltsin family. In 1999, and now a tycoon, Abramovich was elected governor of Russia's remote, far eastern province of Chukotka, and has since lavished £112m on charity to rebuild the impoverished region. The identikit image being pieced together for us was of a self-made man who was not only powerful and wealthy, but acutely aware of those who had done less well in the tumultuous 1990s, when the Soviet Union fell.", "On April 28, Rostropovich's body lay in an open coffin at the Moscow Conservatory, where he once studied as a teenager, and was then moved to the Church of Christ the Saviour. Thousands of mourners, including Putin, bade farewell. Spain's Queen Sofia, French first lady Bernadette Chirac and President Ilham Aliev of Azerbaijan, where Rostropovich was born, as well as Naina Yeltsina, the widow of Boris Yeltsin, were among those in attendance at the funeral on April 29. Rostropovich was then buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery, the same cemetery where his friend Boris Yeltsin had been buried four days earlier.", ". Berezovsky introduced Abramovich to \"the family\", the close circle around the then president, Boris Yeltsin, which included his daughter Tatyana Dyachenko and chief security adviser, Alexander Korzhakov . ^  ", "Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (Russian: Влади́мир Влади́мирович Пу́тин, pronounced ( listen); born 7 October 1952 in Leningrad, USSR; now Saint Petersburg, Russia (birth time source: Astrodatabank gives 9:30 Moscow time (not Saint Petersburg time) was the second President of Russia and is the current Prime Minister of Russia as well as chairman of United Russia and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Union of Russia and Belarus. He became acting President on 31 December 1999, when president Boris Yeltsin resigned in a surprising move, and then Putin won the 2000 presidential election. In 2004, he was re-elected for a s...", "Yeltsin was the first Russian head of state in 113 years to be buried in a church ceremony, after Emperor Alexander III. He was survived by his wife, Naina Iosifovna Yeltsina, whom he married in 1956, and their two daughters Yelena and Tatyana, born in 1957 and 1959, respectively.", "Romanovs were then transported to inner Russia to prevent them from running away abroad or from being captured by the approaching German troops. Russia's last tzar and his family spent the last months in Yekaterinburg. On July 17, 1918 they were \"executed\" on the orders of the local authorities and, allegedly, of the Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin. The bodies of Romanovs were then thrown into one of abandoned mines.", "Boris Yeltsin, in full Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (born February 1, 1931, Sverdlovsk [now Yekaterinburg], Russia , U.S.S.R.—died April 23, 2007, Moscow , Russia), Russian politician, who became president of Russia in 1990. In 1991 he became the first popularly elected leader in the country’s history, guiding Russia through a stormy decade of political and economic retrenching until his resignation on the eve of 2000.", "After his death in 1926 Dzerzhinsky was buried between the Kremlin and Lenin's mausoleum. Grand Lubyanka Street was renamed Dzerzhinsky Street. Observed J. Michael Waller: \"So total was the KGB's devotion to Dzerzhinsky that his iconography proliferated in the form of official sculptures, anniversaries, quotations and poetry -- even the annual celebration of the Cheka chief's birthday, September 11.\" A grand statue of Dzerzhinsky, weighing 15 tons, was erected in a circle in front of the Cheka headquarters. After all, the party owed its rule to repression, exemplified by the secret police. Even as other buildings were constructed to handle the burgeoning repression the director, including such brutal notables as Lavrenty Beria under Joseph Stalin and Yuri Andropov under Leonid Brezhnev, stayed in Lubyanka, occupying an office on the third floor overlooking the square and later Dzerzhinsky's statue.", "His family was Jewish. Abramovich is a chairman of the Federation of Jewish Communities of Russia (which is allied with Putin's administration), and donates money to the Chabad movement. [73] Abramovich has been married twice, to Olga Yurevna Lysova in December 1987 [9] [26] (divorced 1990), and to Irina Vyacheslavovna Malandina in October 1991 (divorced 2007). [9] [19] [26] He and Irina have five children; Ilya, Arina, Sofia, Arkadiy and Anna. [74]", "In 1999 Vladimir Putin became prime minister under President Boris Yeltsin. The former then visited Lubyanka, on December 20th, the anniversary of the founding of the Cheka. He unveiled a plaque for Yuri Andropov, KGB head from 1967 to 1982, under whom Putin served. As president Putin later had a plaque added to the apartment building where Andropov had lived in Moscow and a statue erected in St. Petersburg. Putin has hinted that Dzerzhinsky's big statue might stage a comeback, though so far nothing more has happened. Communist Party Duma member Vladimir Rodin argued: \"Today, when war is at the borders of our state, it is not a bad thing to remember\" Dzerzhinsky.", "Vladimir Putin, in full Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (born October 7, 1952, Leningrad, Russia, U.S.S.R. [now St. Petersburg, Russia]), Russian intelligence officer and politician who served as president (1999–2008, 2012– ) of Russia and also was the country’s prime minister (1999, 2008–12).", "A decade later, little has changed. Occasionally, a new statue or plaque is dedicated at a camp or a mass grave, but millions of the dead remain as anonymous and as unremembered as they were in Stalin�s time. President Vladimir Putin, a former colonel in the K.G.B. who is wildly popular for having guided the country to some semblance of economic stability, does not hesitate to pay tribute to the wartime heroism of Josef Stalin. Last month marked the fiftieth anniversary of Stalin�s death. There were many articles and television programs, but none focussed much on the Gulag and its victims. According to the most reliable polling organization in the country, fifty-three per cent of the people believed that, �in the life of our country,� Stalin had played a predominantly positive role.", "After Raisa Gorbachev’s death On August 20, 1999, Mikhail Gorbachev’s family - his daughter Irina, grand-daughters Ksenya and Anastasya and great-granddaughter Alexandra - is playing a great role in his life.", "Boris Yeltsin, Russia's first ever democratically elected leader (1991-1999), has died at the age of 76 of cardiac arrest.", "When Vladimir Lenin died in 1924, the leader of Russia's Bolshevik revolution was embalmed and placed in a special mausoleum before the Kremlin wall. Featuring glass casing, the tomb made the father of Soviet Russia visible for all posterity.", "In 1991, the final resting place of the Romanov�s was �reopened for the last time,� and the remains, a box of bones purported to be five of the seven Romanov�s, were removed for DNA analysis. In 1995, the tests results were released, which indicated that the remains were that of the Royal family. However, many Russians doubted the claims, and in 1998, when a funeral was finally held, the head of the Russian Orthodox Church ordered the officiating priest not to refer to Romanov�s by name, but instead, as the �victims of the Revolution.� The priest said before the funeral: �The truth is I don�t know who I am burying.�", "Brezhnev lived at 26 Kutuzovsky Prospekt, Moscow. During vacations, he lived in his Gosdacha in Zavidovo. He was married to Viktoria Brezhneva (1908–1995). During her final four years she lived virtually alone, abandoned by everybody. She had suffered for a long time from diabetes and was nearly blind in her last years. He had a daughter, Galina, and a son, Yuri. Galina in her later life became an alcoholic who together with a circus director started a gold-bullion fraud gang in the later years of the Soviet Union.", "In a poll conducted by a Russian website, 48 per cent of the people that responded voted that the body of the former leader should be buried. [173] [174]", "Ivan was only 3 years old when his father died. His uncle Yuri challenged his rights to the throne, was arrested and imprisoned in a dungeon.", "Medvedev asked Investigative Committee Chairman Alexander Bastrikin to submit all information about the incident and submit proposals on how the guilty should be punished if it proves to be fault of the investigating authorities. Sergei Magnitsky, a lawyer at hedge fund Hermitage Capital had also died in the same prison while awaiting trial on tax evasion charges. The Russian Prosecutor General's office said he died of a heart attack but his supporters allege that Magnitsky was denied access to medical treatment.", "People continue to come to the Grave of the Unknown Soldier by the Kremlin Wall. Moscow. 1999", "Valentina Savelyeva is 75. For 67 of those years she was looking for the site of her father's body. He had been an anti-aircraft gunner during the Battle of Stalingrad and went missing in action. His body was found in 1961 and reburied in Mamayev Kurgan. But through incompetence or neglect, the Soviet authorities never told her mother.", "Villain with Good Publicity - he still enjoys huge support in the former USSR. In a \"Greatest Russian\" poll in 2008, he came second. In another, he came third." ]

[ 3.20703125, 3.029296875, 2.8203125, -0.422607421875, -1.1865234375, -1.322265625, -1.5263671875, -1.6220703125, -1.646484375, -1.724609375, -2.05078125, -2.16796875, -2.185546875, -2.41796875, -2.564453125, -2.787109375, -2.876953125, -3.046875, -3.251953125, -3.2578125, -3.41796875, -3.587890625, -3.6796875, -4.09375, -4.5703125, -4.84765625, -7.14453125, -8.515625, -8.7265625, -8.8984375, -9.0703125, -9.890625 ]

[ "\"Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, LG, OM, PC, FRS, née Roberts (13 October 1925 - 8 April 2013), was a British politician, the longest-serving (1979–1990) Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of the 20th century, and the only woman ever to have held the post. A Soviet journalist called her the \"Iron Lady\", a nickname which became associated with her uncompromising politics and leadership style. As Prime Minister, she implemented Conservative policies that have come to be known as Thatcherism.\"", "Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, LG, OM, PC, FRS (née Roberts, 13 October 1925 -- 8 April 2013) was a British Conservative Party politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and the Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990. She was the longest-serving British Prime Minister of the 20th century and is the only woman to have held the office. A Soviet journalist called her the \"Iron Lady\", a nickname that became associated with her uncompromising politics and leadership style. As Prime Minister, she implemented policies that have come to be known as Thatcherism.", "Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, LG, OM, PC, FRS (née Roberts, 13 October 1925 - 8 April 2013) was a British politician, the longest-serving (1979–1990) Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of the 20th century, and the only woman ever to have held the post. A Soviet journalist nicknamed her the \"Iron Lady\", which became associated with her uncompromising politics and leadership style. As Prime Minister, she implemented Conservative policies that have come to be known as Thatcherism.", "Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, DL, FRS, Hon. RA (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was a British politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 (that is, for most of the Second World War) and again from 1951 to 1955. Widely regarded as one of the greatest wartime leaders of the 20th century, Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, a historian, a writer, and an artist. He is the only British Prime Minister to have received the Nobel Prize in Literature, and was also the first person to be made an honorary citizen of the United States.", "Alexander Frederick Douglas-Home, Baron Home of the Hirsel, (; 2 July 1903 – 9 October 1995) was a British Conservative politician who served as Prime Minister from October 1963 to October 1964. He is notable for being the last Prime Minister to hold office while being a member of the House of Lords, before renouncing his peerage and taking up a seat in the House of Commons for the remainder of his premiership. His reputation, however, rests more on his two spells as the UK's foreign secretary than on his brief premiership.", "MARGARET WARNER: Britain’s longest serving prime minister of the 20th century died this morning after suffering a stroke.", "Churchill featured in two media polls . He was ranked as the greatest British prime minister of the twentieth century by 20 prominent historians, politicians and commentators. They were asked by BBC Radio 4 's The Westminster Hour to rank the 19 prime ministers from Lord Salisbury at the turn of the century through to John Major in the 1990s. [2] In a 2002 BBC 2 television poll Churchill was ranked as the greatest Briton in history. A million votes were cast, and the voting was heavily influenced by public campaigns for various candidates. [3]", "Bonar Law was the shortest serving PM of the 20th century. He is often referred to as \"the unknown Prime Minister\", not least because of a biography of that title by Robert Blake ; the name comes from a remark by Asquith at Bonar Law's funeral, that they were burying the Unknown Prime Minister next to the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. Sir Steven Runciman is reported to have said that he had known all British Prime Ministers in his lifetime, except Bonar Law whom no one knew.", "James Harold Wilson, Baron Wilson of Rievaulx, KG , OBE , FRS , FSS , PC (11 March 1916 – 24 May 1995) was a British Labour politician and Leader of the Labour Party . He was twice Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during the 1960s and 1970s, winning four general elections , including a minority government after the February 1974 general election resulted in a hung parliament. He is the most recent British Prime Minister to have served non-consecutive terms.", "Maurice Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl of Stockton, (10 February 1894 – 29 December 1986) was a British Conservative politician and statesman who served as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 10 January 1957 to 19 October 1963. Nicknamed \"Supermac,\" he was known for his pragmatism, wit and unflappability.", "Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was a British politician known chiefly for his leadership of the United Kingdom during World War II. He served as Prime Minister from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. A noted statesman and orator, Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, historian, writer, and artist. He is the only British Prime Minister who has ever received the Nobel Prize in Literature and only the second person to be made an Honorary Citizen of the United States.", "Sir Winston Churchill, in full Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (born November 30, 1874, Blenheim Palace , Oxfordshire, England —died January 24, 1965, London), British statesman, orator, and author who as prime minister (1940–45, 1951–55) rallied the British people during World War II and led his country from the brink of defeat to victory.", "Without a doubt, Winston Churchill was the greatest PM of the 20th Century. He was a man before his time and knew Hitler was up to something long before anyone suspected Hitler. However, no one listened to Churchill and that was a mistake.", "Clement Richard Attlee, 1st Earl Attlee KG OM CH PC FRS (3 January 1883 � 8 October 1967) was a British Labour politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1945 to 1951 and was voted the greatest Prime Minister of all time in a 2004 poll of British politics professors. He was Deputy Prime Minister under Winston Churchill in the wartime coalition government and then won a landslide election victory in 1945. He was the first Labour Prime Minister to serve a full Parliamentary term and the first to have a majority in Parliament.", "Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill KG OM CH TD FRS PC (Can) ( November 30 , 1874 – January 24 , 1965 ) was a British politician and statesman, best known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during World War II. He was Prime Minister of the UK from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1953.", "(1916–2005), who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1970 to 1974 and as a member of parliament from 1950 to 2001, and who lived in the Cathedral Close for the last twenty years of his life. [22]", "(13 October 1925 – 8 April 2013) was a British politician who was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and the Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990. She was the longest-serving British Prime Minister of the 20th century and is the only woman to have held the office. A Soviet journalist called her the \"Iron Lady\", a nickname that became associated with her uncompromising politics and leadership style. As Prime Minister, she implemented policies that have come to be known as Thatcherism.", "Sir Edward Richard George \"Ted\" Heath, KG , MBE , PC (9 July 1916 – 17 July 2005) was a British Conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1970–74) and as Leader of the Conservative Party (1965–75).", "Leonard James Callaghan, Baron Callaghan of Cardiff, KG , PC ( 27 March 1912 – 26 March 2005), was Labour Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1976 to 1979 . He was commonly known as James, shortened to Jim, giving his nicknames 'Sunny Jim' or 'Big Jim'. Callaghan is the only person to have filled all four of the Great Offices of State: Prime Minister, Chancellor of the Exchequer, Home Secretary and Foreign Secretary.", "Anthony Charles Lynton \"Tony\" Blair (born 6 May 1953) is a former Labour Party Prime Minister of the United Kingdom . He was Prime Minister from May 1997 until June 2007 and was succeeded by the former Chancellor of the Exchequer , Gordon Brown .", "In 2004, he was voted the greatest British prime minister of the 20th century in a poll of 139 academics organised by MORI . [3]", "After the Conservative Party lost the 1945 election, he became Leader of the Opposition to the Labour Government. After winning the 1951 election, he again became Prime Minister, before retiring in 1955. Upon his death, Elizabeth II granted him the honour of a state funeral, which saw one of the largest assemblies of world statesmen in history. Named the Greatest Briton of all time in a 2002 poll, Churchill is widely regarded as being among the most influential people in British history, consistently ranking well in opinion polls of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom.", "The first British Prime Minister of the 20th century, he was the last Prime Minister to head his full administration from the House of Lords.", "Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell, CBE, PC (9 April 1906 – 18 January 1963) was a British Labour politician who held Cabinet office in Clement Attlee's governments. He won bitter leadership battles to become the Leader of the Labour Party and Leader of the Opposition from 1955 until his death in 1963, when he was on the verge of becoming prime minister. He was loved and hated for his confrontational leadership and brutal frankness. He is best known as being founder of the right-wing revisionism in the Labour Party known as Gaitskellism. It was the Labour Party version of the Post-war consensus through which the major parties largely agreed on the main points of domestic and foreign policy until the 1970s. His Conservative Party counterpart was Rab Butler, so their common outlook was dubbed \"Butskellism.\" ", "After defeat, Major resigned as Prime Minister and was succeeded as Leader of the Conservative Party by William Hague. He went on to retire from active politics, leaving the House of Commons at the 2001 general election. Major is the oldest living former UK Prime Minister and remains an active speaker and businessman. He was an especially active figure on the side of the Remain campaign preceding the European Union membership referendum, 2016 that resulted in the United Kingdom voting to leave the European Union. ", "We have lost the outstanding peacetime prime minister of the 20th Century. She was the perfect prime minister - she knew what she wanted to do, and did it. Her 11 years were quite outstanding, and raised the standing of Britain in the world, and changed the nature of Britain itself.", "Mr Howard described Sir Edward as one of the \"political giants\" of the 20th Century, who had made an \"historic contribution\" to Britain.", "^ Mackintosh, John P. (Ed.): British Prime Ministers in the twentieth Century, London, 1977, p. 157", "Britain Magazine | The official magazine of Visit Britain | Best of British History, Royal Family,Travel and Culture - British prime ministers of the 20th century", "Hugh Gaitskell, in full Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell (born April 9, 1906, London , England —died January 18, 1963, London), British statesman, leader of the British Labour Party from December 1955 until his sudden death at the height of his influence.", "Prime minister of England during the 2nd world war and one of the most famous men of the 20th century.", "In case you are not satisfied with the list of \"bad prime ministers\" above, this is the full list of British prime ministers since the beginning of the twentieth century:" ]

[ 4.46875, 4.4375, 4.4140625, 2.931640625, 2.564453125, 2.49609375, 2.380859375, 2.00390625, 1.169921875, 1.162109375, 0.77099609375, 0.76806640625, 0.73486328125, 0.732421875, 0.67333984375, 0.4443359375, 0.403564453125, 0.32470703125, 0.251220703125, -0.1646728515625, -0.7333984375, -0.8203125, -1.2041015625, -1.3173828125, -1.9423828125, -2.4296875, -3.41015625, -3.435546875, -4.1640625, -4.31640625, -4.4296875, -6.02734375 ]

[ "Yves Henri Donat Mathieu-Saint-Laurent, better known as Yves Saint Laurent, was born in Algeria in 1936 and is regarded as one of the greatest couturiers of French haute couture and pret-a-porter in fashion history.", "Yves Henri Donat Mathieu Saint Laurent was born in Algeria in 1936, at a time when the North African country was still under French rule.", "Yves Henri Donat Mathieu Saint Laurent was born in the coastal town of Oran, Algeria, on August 1, 1936. At the time the North African country was still considered part of France.", "Yves Henri Donat Mathieu-Saint-Laurent was born in 1936 in the city of Oran , Algeria. From a young age, Yves Saint Laurent showed a keen interest in design and at the age of 17 he left Algeria, hoping to make a name for himself in Paris, France . In 1954 he won a design contest and soon found himself employed by Christian Dior. At the 21 years of age, after Dior died in 1957, Saint Laurent became the Haute Couture designer and rescued the fashion house from ruin.", "Yves Saint Laurent (ēv săN lôräN´), 1936–2008, French fashion designer, b. Oran, Algeria, as Yves Henri Donat Mathieu-Saint-Laurent. Moving to Paris at 17, he ultimately established houses of couture and boutiques there and in New York. He was the foremost assistant to Christian Dior and became his designated successor as head of the House of Dior at the age of 21. His early collections were noted for their maverick quality, and his work of the 1960s and 70s helped to democratize the world of fashion. His last Dior collection (1960) featured the \"chic beatnik\" look: knitted turtlenecks, thigh-length boots, and short black leather jackets. He opened his own Paris house in 1961, and in the following years revolutionized the fashion world by creating trousers for day and evening wear and broad-shouldered suits that were images of power for women. His other designs include sophisticated tweed suits, the Mondrian dress, pleated skirts, safari jackets, pea coats, updated peasant costumes, le smoking (tuxedos for women), and heavy costume jewelry. His focus on an androgynous look was extremely influential in the fashion of the 1970s. He also designed for the Ballets de Roland Petit. By the mid-1970s, at the height of his success, his design empire included sweaters, neckties, eyeglass cases, linens, children's clothes, and fragrances. Gucci acquired his ready-to-wear and cosmetics divisions in 2000. Saint Laurent retired and closed his house in 2002.", "Born: Yves Henri Donat Mathieu Saint Laurent in Oran , Algeria , 1 August 1936. Education: Studied at L'École de la Chambre Syndicale de la Couture, 1954. Career: Independent clothing stylist, Paris , 1953-54; designer/partner, 1954-57, chief designer, Dior, Paris, 1957-60; began designing for theater and film, 1959; founder/designer, Yves Saint Laurent, Paris, from 1962; Rive Gauche ready-to-wear line introduced, 1966; menswear line introduced, 1974; firm purchased by Elf-Sanofi SA, 1993; designer Elber Albaz hired, 1998-2000; acquired by Gucci Group NV, 1999; Tom Ford took over as creative director, 2000; renovated Madison Avenue store reopened, 2001; retired from designing, 2002; fragrances include Y 1964; Rive Gauche, 1971; Opium, 1978; Paris, 1983; Champagne, (renamed Yvresse, 1996) 1993; Opium relaunch, 1995; Opium for Men, 1996; Baby Doll, 1999; Nu, 2001. Exhibitions: Yves Saint Laurent, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1983; Yves Saint Laurent et le Théâtre, Musée des Arts de la Mode, Paris, 1986; Yves Saint Laurent, 28 Ans de Création, Musée des Arts de la Mode, 1986; retrospective, Art Gallery of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia , 1987. Awards: International Wool Secretariat award, 1954; Neiman Marcus award, 1958; Harper's Bazaar award, 1966; Council of Fashion Designers of America award, 1981; CFDA Lifetime Achievement award, 1999; Fifi Fragrance award (for Baby Doll ), 2000. Address: 5 avenue Marceau, 75116 Paris, France . Website: www.yslonline.com.", "Yves Saint Laurent was an Algerian-French fashion designer, one of the greatest and most celebrated icons of the fashion industry. This biography provides detailed information about his childhood, life, achievements, works & timeline.", "Growing up in 1940s French Algeria, the young Yves Henri Donat Mathieu-Saint-Laurent dreamed of Paris: a bullied outcast at school, he escaped into fantasy at home – devouring his mother's fashion magazines, sketching endlessly, and predicting (in the safety of his adoring family circle, at least) a future of spectacular fame. ", "He was born on August 1, 1936, in Oran, Algeria, to Charles Saint Laurent, a lawyer and insurance broker, and his wife, Lucienne Mathieu. He was the eldest child of the family with two younger sisters, Michèle and Brigitte.", "[iv sɛ̃ loʁɑ̃]; 1 August 1936 – 1 June 2008) [1] [2] , was an Algerian -born French fashion designer who was considered one of the greatest figures in French fashion in the 20th century [3] . In 1985, Caroline Rennolds Milbank wrote, \"The most consistently celebrated and influential designer of the past twenty-five years, Yves Saint Laurent can be credited with both spurring the couture's rise from its sixties ashes and with finally rendering ready-to-wear reputable\".", "Algeria ( '; ; ), officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a sovereign state in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast. Its capital and most populous city is Algiers, located in the country's far north. With an area of 2381741 km2, Algeria is the tenth-largest country in the world, and the largest in Africa. Algeria is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia, to the east by Libya, to the west by Morocco, to the southwest by the Western Saharan territory, Mauritania, and Mali, to the southeast by Niger, and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea. The country is a semi-presidential republic consisting of 48 provinces and 1,541 communes (counties). Abdelaziz Bouteflika has been President since 1999.", "In 1960, Saint Laurent found himself conscripted to serve in the French Army during the Algerian War of Independence. Alice Rawsthorn writes that there was speculation at the time that Marcel Boussac, the owner of the House of Dior and a powerful press baron, had put pressure on the government not to conscript Saint Laurent in 1958 and 1959 but reversed course and asked that the designer be conscripted after the disastrous 1960 season so that he could be replaced.", "Yves Henri Donat Mathieu-Saint-Laurent (; 1 August 1936 – 1 June 2008), known as Yves Saint Laurent, was a French fashion designer, and is regarded as one of the greatest names in fashion history. In 1985, Caroline Rennolds Milbank wrote, \"The most consistently celebrated and influential designer of the past twenty-five years, Yves Saint Laurent can be credited with both spurring the couture's rise from its sixties ashes and with finally rendering ready-to-wear reputable.\" He is also credited with having introduced the tuxedo suit for women and was known for his use of non-European cultural references, and non-white models. ", "In 1983, Saint Laurent became the first living fashion designer to be honored by the Metropolitan Museum of Art with a solo exhibition. In 2001, he was awarded the rank of Commander of the Légion d'Honneur by French president Jacques Chirac. He retired in 2002 and became increasingly reclusive, living at his homes in Normandy and Morocco with his pet French Bulldog Moujik.", "[iv sɛ̃ lɔʁɑ̃], August 1, 1936 – June 1, 2008), was a French fashion designer, and is regarded as one of the greatest names in fashion history. In 1985, Caroline Rennolds Milbank wrote, “The most consistently celebrated and influential designer of the past twenty-five years, Yves Saint Laurent can be credited with both spurring the couture’s rise from its sixties ashes and with finally rendering ready-to-wear reputable.” He is also credited with having introduced the tuxedo suit for women and was known for his use of non-European cultural references, and non-white models.", "The Algerian musical genre best known abroad is raï, a pop-flavored, opinionated take on folk music, featuring international stars such as Khaled and Cheb Mami. However, in Algeria itself the older, highly verbal chaabi style remains more popular, with such stars as El Hadj El Anka, Dahmane El Harrachi and El Hachemi Guerouabi, while the tuneful melodies of Kabyle music, exemplified by Idir, Ait Menguellet, or Lounès Matoub, have a wide audience. For more classical tastes, Andalusi music, brought from Al-Andalus by Morisco refugees, is preserved in many older coastal towns.", "During his career, Saint Laurent was arguably the industry's greatest designer. Over the years, he received countless accolades: in 1985, he was made a Chevalier of the Legion of Honour by President Fran�ois Mitterand; in 1995, he was promoted to the rank of Officer of the Legion of Honour, finally becoming a Commandeur six years later. His status as a national icon was also cemented when, at the final of the 1998 World Cup, near Paris, 300 models presented a retrospective of YSL creations, to celebrate the designer's forty years in fashion, in front of 80,000 football fans and more than 170 international sports channels. In January 2002, the 65-year-old designer announced his retirement. Paying tribute to his mentors, including Christian Dior, Balenciaga, Schiaparelli and Chanel, he revealed that his decision was based on a disgust with an industry that had become ruled more by commercial gain than art. \"I have nothing in common with this new world of fashion, which has been reduced to mere window-dressing,\" he said. \"Elegance and beauty have been banished.\" The news came just 16 days before he presented his final haute couture collection. In a fitting end to his 40-year career, the show constituted a thorough retrospective of his work: over an hour and a half long, it featured over 250 outfits, 40 of them new designs, and 100 models. A tearful Yves Saint Laurent took his final bow as his long-time muse, Catherine Deneuve, sang Ma Plus Belle Histoire d'Amour.", "Zinédine Yazid Zidane (born June 23, 1972, in Marseille, France), nicknamed Zizou, is a French football player for Real Madrid and France, widely regarded as one of the greatest players in the world. He is a secular Muslim of Algerian Kabyle Berber ethnic origin.", "Yves found himself at the age of 21 the head designer of the House of Dior. His Spring 1958 collection almost certainly saved the House from financial ruin; the straight line of his creations, a softer version of Dior's New Look, catapulted him to international stardom with what would later be known as the 'trapeze dress', which included dresses with a narrow shoulder and flared gently at the bottom. It was at this time that he shortened his surname to \"Saint Laurent\", as the international press found his hyphenated triple name difficult to spell.", "He was born Nov. 14, 1922, in Cairo, Egypt, to a wealthy and politically connected Coptic Christian family. Boutros-Ghali's grandfather, Boutros Ghali, served as prime minister of Egypt from 1908 until he was assassinated in 1910.", "Jacques Romain Georges Brel (April 8, 1929 October 9, 1978) was a Belgian French-speaking singer-songwriter. The quality and style of his lyrics are highly regarded by many leading critics of popular music. Brel's songs are not especially well known in the English-speaking world except in transl...", "Singer Angélique Kidjo and actor Djimon Hounsou were born in Cotonou, Benin. Composer Wally Badarou and singer Gnonnas Pedro are also of Beninese descent.", "Bertrand Bonello’s Saint Laurent , which premiered at Cannes in 2014, looks at the life of the French fashion designer from 1967 to 1976. This was a career peak for the influential couturier and preceded his breakup with longtime partner Pierre Bergé (who also helped run the business). The film sees a limited release this weekend. In celebration of the Palme d’Or-nominated film, we’ve gathered a few facts about the fashion legend.", "Christian Dior (; 21 January 1905 – 23 October 1957) was a French fashion designer, best known as the founder of one of the world's top fashion houses, also called Christian Dior, which is now owned by Groupe Arnault.", "* Jacques Brel (1929–1978), Belgian musician who lived in French Polynesia near the end of his life.", "Yves Saint Laurent poses next to a portrait of himself at his Paris boutique in 1966. Speaking on French radio, Pierre Berge, the designer’s former business and personal partner, said he’d empowered women. “In this sense he was a libertarian, an anarchist and he threw bombs at the legs of society.”", "* Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, President of France, although not born in the Auvergne, was educated in Clermont-Ferrand and represented it in the National Assembly.", "Philippe or Filip (, , , ; born 15 April 1960) is the King of the Belgians, having ascended the throne on 21 July 2013. He is the eldest child of King Albert II, whom he succeeded upon Albert's abdication for health reasons, and Queen Paola. He married Countess Mathilde d'Udekem d'Acoz (now Queen Mathilde), with whom he has four children. King Philippe's elder daughter, Princess Elisabeth, is next in the line of succession. At age 56, Philippe is Europe's third-youngest reigning monarch, following the 49-year-old Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands (born 27 April 1967) and the 48-year-old Felipe VI of Spain (born 30 January 1968), and fifth-youngest overall.", "Mohamed Fayed has called himself \"Al-Fayed\" since the early 1970s, and his two brothers, Ali and Saleh, also styled themselves \"Al-Fayed\" at the time of their acquisition of the House of Fraser in the 1980s, though by the late 1980s Ali and Saleh had reverted to calling themselves simply \"Fayed\". Fayed's addition of \"Al-\" to his name, which implies aristocratic origins, has led to Private Eye nicknaming him the \"Phoney Pharaoh\". According to his biographer Tom Bower, Fayed also claimed to have come from a town named Fayed after his family. ", "Thami El Glaoui (Arabic: 1879 - 23 January 1956), known in English-speaking countries as Lord of the Atlas, was the Pasha of Marrakesh from 1912 to 1956. His family name was el Mezouari, from a title given an ancestor by Ismail Ibn Sharif in 1700, while El Glaoui refers to his chieftainship of the Glaoua (Glawa) tribe of the Berbers of southern Morocco, based at the Kasbah of Telouet in the High Atlas and at Marrakesh. El Glaoui became head of the Glaoua upon the death of his elder brother, Si el-Madani, and as an ally of theFrench protectorate in Morocco, conspired with them in the overthrow of Sultan Mohammed V. The Pasha attended the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II as a private guest of Winston Churchill, but his lavish gifts of a jeweled crown and an ornate dagger were refused as it was not customary for gifts to be received from individuals not representing a government. El Glaoui was one of the world's richest men following Pacha Boujemaa Mesfioui of Beni Mellal. He took a tithe of the almond, saffron and olive harvests in his vast domain, owned huge blocks of stock in French-run mines and factories, and received a rebate on machinery and automobiles imported into his realm. As a sideline, he reputedly took a cut of the earnings of 27,000 prostitutes operating in the Marrakesh area. El Glaoui's fortune was somewhere in the neighborhood of $50 million at the time.", "Charles Saatchi (born June 9, 1943) (Arabic: تشارلز ساعاتجي) was the co-founder with his brother Maurice of the global advertising agency Saatchi & Saatchi, which became the world's biggest before the brothers were forced out of their own company in 1995. In the same year the Saatchi brothers formed a new agency called M&C Saatchi.", "Academy Award-winning Actress Marion Cotillard was born on September 30, 1975 in Paris. Cotillard is the daughter of Jean-Claude Cotillard , an actor, playwright and director, and Niseema Theillaud , an actress and drama teacher. Her father's family is Breton and her mother has Kabyle ancestry." ]

[ 8.1171875, 7.76171875, 7.671875, 5.48828125, 3.908203125, 3.791015625, 2.197265625, 2.1875, 2.125, 1.462890625, 0.80126953125, -1.9873046875, -2.224609375, -2.685546875, -3.5703125, -5.62109375, -5.890625, -6.02734375, -6.22265625, -6.43359375, -6.7109375, -6.87109375, -7.375, -7.84375, -7.9921875, -8.0546875, -9.1171875, -9.484375, -9.828125, -9.8828125, -10.109375, -10.3671875 ]

[ "Yury Vladimirovich Andropov, (born June 15 [June 2, Old Style], 1914, Nagutskoye, Russia —died Feb 9, 1984, Moscow ), head of the Soviet Union’s KGB (State Security Committee) from 1967 to 1982 and his country’s leader as general secretary of the Communist Party ’s Central Committee from November 1982 until his death 15 months later.", "U.S. President Jimmy Carter and the ailing Brezhnev signed the SALT II treaty in Vienna on June 18, 1979, setting ceilings on each nation’s arsenal of intercontinental ballistic missiles. The U.S. Senate refused to ratify the treaty because of the invasion of Afghanistan by Soviet troops on Dec. 27, 1979. On Nov. 10, 1982, Soviet radio and television announced the death of Leonid Brezhnev. Yuri V. Andropov, who had formerly headed the K.G.B., was chosen to succeed Brezhnev as general secretary. By mid-June 1983, Andropov had assumed all of Brezhnev’s three titles.", "Less than two years after taking over leadership of the Soviet Union, Yuri Andropov dies. He is succeeded by 72-year-old Konstantin Chernenko.", "He is the third Soviet leader to die in just over two years. Leonid Brezhnev died in 1982 after 18 years in power. He was 75. Yuri Andropov died 18 months later aged 69.", "*[Andropov was recalled to Moscow in 1957, and was appointed head of the KGB (successor of the NKVD) in 1967. He succeeded Leonid Brezhnev as Secretary General of the CPSU in 1982 but died two years later of kidney failure, to be succeeded by Mikhail S. Gorbachev]", "MOSCOW, Feb. 10 - The Soviet leadership announced today that Yuri V. Andropov died Thursday, less than 15 months after he succeeded Leonid I. Brezhnev as General Secretary of the Communist Party. He was 69 years old.", "On 21 December 1995, Russian Federation President Boris Yeltsin replaced the KGB with two agencies the national security FSB (Federalnaya Sluzhba Bezopasnosti – Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation) and the espionage SVR (Sluzhba Vneshney Razvedki – Foreign Intelligence Service).[citation needed]", "Semichastny was fired from his position as KGB Chairman because of several key misjudgments he made while in power (Andrew, 479-80).  Immediately afterward, in May 1967, Yuri Andropov, the head of the Department for Liaison with Socialist Countries, accepted Semichastny�s position.  He served the longest term of any KGB Chairman, from 1967 until his resignation in May 1982 (Dziak, 157).", "* February 13 – Konstantin Chernenko succeeds the late Yuri Andropov as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.", "After the 1991 coup, Russian President, Boris Yeltsin, mistrusted the KGB and tried to curb its power. He split it into separate branches, dealing with economic crime, terrorism, foreign intelligence, counter-intelligence, and even his own presidential security service to keep a watchful eye on the others.", "Then their anger was diverted to the statue of Felix Dzerzhinsky, the KGB's founding father. A couple of men climbed up and slipped a rope round his neck. Then he was yanked up by a crane. Watching “Iron Felix” sway in mid-air, Mr Kondaurov, who had served in the KGB since 1972, felt betrayed “by Gorbachev, by Yeltsin, by the impotent coup leaders”. He remembers thinking, “I will prove to you that your victory will be short-lived.”", "ON THE evening of August 22nd 1991—16 years ago this week—Alexei Kondaurov, a KGB general, stood by the darkened window of his Moscow office and watched a jubilant crowd moving towards the KGB headquarters in Lubyanka Square. A coup against Mikhail Gorbachev had just been defeated. The head of the KGB who had helped to orchestrate it had been arrested, and Mr Kondaurov was now one of the most senior officers left in the fast-emptying building. For a moment the thronged masses seemed to be heading straight towards him.", "Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (April 15 [O.S. April 3] 1894 – September 11, 1971) led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War. He served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, and as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, or Premier, from 1958 to 1964. Khrushchev was responsible for the partial 'de-Stalinization' of the Soviet Union, for backing the progress of the early Soviet space program, and for several relatively liberal reforms in areas of domestic policy. Khrushchev's party colleagues removed him from power in 1964, replacing him with Leonid Brezhnev as First Secretary and Alexei Kosygin as Premier.", "He emerged as the Soviet leader two years after the death of Stalin. He talked about peaceful coexistence with the U.S.; listened and began to bargain with the U.S. but the U-2 spy plane incident ended all potential for progress.", "August 1991: With Gorbachev at his Crimean vacation home two days before the scheduled signing of the new union treaty, hard-liners take over the country, clamping down on the press and banning demonstrations. Yeltsin, president of the Russian republic, denounces Gorbachev's removal. Thousands of Yeltsin supporters demonstrate outside Russia's parliament building. Three people are killed outside the Parliament building by military vehicles. The coup fails when crack Soviet Army troops refuse orders to attack the Russian parliament building. Latvia's Parliament declares independence. Gorbachev returns to Moscow from the Crimea, resigns as head of the Communist Party, then bans it.", "Following the death of General Secretary Konstantin Chernenko on March 10, 1985, Politburo member Mikhail Gorbachev became the new General Secretary of the Soviet Union. Andrei Gromyko became President.", "Brezhnev was promoted by Nikita Khrushchev to 1st Communist Party Secretary of Moldavia in 1950. In 1952 he was promoted to the candidate member of the Politburo, and had a meeting with Joseph Stalin in the Kremlin. \"What a handsome Moldavian\", said Stalin of Brezhnev. The death of Stalin on March 5, 1953, was followed by Khrushchev's takeover as the Head of the Communist Party in September, 1953. Main opponents were eliminated in a series of political executions, including that of Lavrenti Beria in December, 1953. Others were exiled, or degraded, like Marshal Georgi Zhukov . The cast of Soviet Leadership was changed. In 1953 Brezhnev was made the Chief of Political Directorate of the Army and the Navy (GPU). In 1955 he was made the 1st Communist Party Secretary of Kazakhstan. In 1956 Nikita Khrushchev denounced the dictatorship of Joseph Stalin in his Secret Speech to the 20th Congress of the Soviet Commuinst Party. In 1957 Brezhnev backed Khrushchev in a power-fight against Vyacheslav Molotov , Georgi Malenkov , and Lazar Kaganovich . In 1959 Brezhnev was promoted to Second Secretary of the Central Committee. In May 1960, he became the President of the Supreme Soviet, the nominal head of the Soviet Union.", " 1894 – September 11, 1971) led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War . He served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, and as Chairman of the Council of Ministers , or Premier, from 1958 to 1964. Khrushchev was responsible for the partial de-Stalinization of the Soviet Union, for backing the progress of the early Soviet space program , and for several relatively liberal reforms in areas of domestic policy. Khrushchev's party colleagues removed him from power in 1964, replacing him with Leonid Brezhnev as First Secretary and Alexei Kosygin as Premier.", "The humiliating resolution of the Cuban Missile Crisis, an agricultural crisis at home, and the deterioration of Soviet-Chinese relations due to Khrushchev’s moderate policies all led to growing opposition to Khrushchev in the party ranks. On October 14, 1964, Leonid Brezhnev, Khrushchev’s protégé and deputy, organized a successful coup against him, and Khrushchev abruptly stepped down as first secretary and premier. He retired to obscurity outside Moscow and lived there until his death in 1971.", "Gorbachev was formally named the leader of the Soviet Union after Gromyko's resignation. After his resignation Gorbachev praised Gromyko for his half-a-century of service to USSR. Critics, such as Alexander Belonogov the Permanent Representative of the Soviet Union to the United Nations, claimed Gromyko's foreign policy was permeated with \"a spirit of intolerance and confrontation\". ", "The KGB, an initialism for Komitet gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti (, translated in English as Committee for State Security), was the main security agency for the Soviet Union from 1954 until its break-up in 1991. Formed in 1954, as a direct successor of such preceding agencies as the Cheka, NKGB, and MGB, the committee was attached to the Council of Ministers. It was the chief government agency of \"union-republican jurisdiction\", acting as internal security, intelligence, and secret police. Similar agencies were constituted in each of the republics of the Soviet Union aside from Russia and consisted of many ministries, state committees, and state commissions.", "At 73, Chernenko was older than his predecessor, but he had been the Chief of Staff for Brezhnev. He maintained the hard-line approach of his former boss on foreign affairs, but his frequent absences through ill health led to speculation that the selection of such an elderly and infirm man was only to allow the successful grooming of the eventual heir to Brezhnev. His death in 1985 allowed the final reformer of Soviet history to take his place in the Union's short history.", "president of the Russian Republic in 1991. Helped end the USSR the force Gorbachev to resign", "\"In the West, if Andropov is remembered at all, it is for his brutal suppression of political dissidence at home and for his role in planning the 1968 invasion of Czechoslovakia. By contrast, the leaders of the former Warsaw Pact intelligence community, when I was one of them, looked up to Andropov as the man who substituted the KGB for the Communist party in governing the Soviet Union, and who was the godfather of Russia's new era of deception operations aimed at improving the badly damaged image of Soviet rulers in the West.\" [13]", "The remaining 12 republics continued discussing new, increasingly looser, models of the Union. However, by December, all except Russia and  Kazakhstan  had formally declared independence. During this time, Yeltsin took over what remained of the Soviet government, including the Kremlin. The final blow was struck on 1 December, when Ukraine, the second most powerful republic,  voted overwhelmingly for independence . Ukraine's secession ended any realistic chance of the Soviet Union staying together even on a limited scale.", "; born 2 March 1931) is a former Soviet statesman, having served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991, and as the country's head of state from 1988 until its dissolution in 1991. He was the only general secretary in the history of the Soviet Union to have been born after the October Revolution . Alongside East Germany 's Egon Krenz and Poland 's Wojciech Jaruzelski , Gorbachev is one of the last surviving leaders of an Eastern Bloc state as of 2013.", "The KGB (КГБ, Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti) was the national security agency of the USSR. From 1954 until 1991, the Committee for State Security was the Communist state’s premier secret police, internal security, and espionage organisation, whose coat of arms — the Shield and the Sword — illustrate a national military hierarchy. The Russian pronunciation of KGB is (Russian: ru-KGB.ogg Комитет государственной безопасности (help·info);", "1985 Andrei Gromyko is appointed the chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union", "The central KGB was directed by a Chairman who was confirmed by the Supreme Soviet (the figurehead Parliament of the USSR) but selected by the Politiburo (a policy-making body).  In addition to the Chairman, there was also one or two First Deputy Chairmen and four to six Deputy Chairmen.  These men, along with the chiefs of certain KGB directorates (see below), formed the KGB Collegium, a leadership body that made important decisions regarding the KGB�s actions (Knight, 121).", "He is a proud former officer of the Soviet secret police, the KGB, with an entourage largely drawn from that old Soviet security elite.", "In October 1949, following the formation of the Federal Republic, a constitution ratified by the People’s Congress went into effect in the Soviet zone, which became the German Democratic Republic (Deutsche Demokratische Republik), commonly known as East Germany, with its capital in the Soviet sector of Berlin. The People’s Congress was renamed the People’s Chamber, and this body, together with a second chamber composed of officials of the five Länder of the Soviet zone (which were abolished in 1952 in favour of centralized authority), designated the communist Wilhelm Pieck of the SED as president of the German Democratic Republic on October 11, 1949. The next day, the People’s Chamber installed the former Social Democrat Otto Grotewohl as premier at the head of a cabinet that was nominally responsible to the chamber. Although the German Democratic Republic was constitutionally a parliamentary democracy, decisive power actually lay with the SED and its boss, the veteran communist functionary Walter Ulbricht , who held only the obscure position of deputy premier in the government. In East Germany, as in the Soviet Union, the government served merely as the agent of an all-powerful communist-controlled party, which was in turn ruled from above by a self-selecting Politburo.", "31/ Who was the first president of independent Russia (as distinct from USSR the Soviet Union)?" ]

[ 4.16015625, 3.37109375, 3.068359375, 1.65234375, 0.12890625, -0.60888671875, -0.75830078125, -0.80859375, -1.72265625, -2.08984375, -2.14453125, -2.41796875, -2.5859375, -2.76953125, -2.919921875, -2.97265625, -3.09375, -3.2109375, -3.31640625, -3.66015625, -3.9296875, -4.1640625, -4.4140625, -4.47265625, -4.5546875, -4.671875, -5.78125, -6.828125, -6.84375, -6.984375, -8.2578125, -9.1015625 ]

[ "Madonna has two other daughters - Lourdes by fitness instructor Carlos Leon and Mercy James who was also adopted from Malawi. ", "Fact: Madonna 's daughter LOURDES recreates her superstar mother's infamous wedding dress pose in the video for the singer's new track Celebration . The Queen Of Pop toted the look in the promo for her 1984 track LIKE A VIRGIN and again at that year's MTV Video Music Awards.", "EXCLUSIVE! Madonna's Daughter Lourdes Leon Has A Little Brother! Father Carlos Leon And Wife Betina Holte Welcome Baby Boy! | PerezHilton.com", "Madonna adopted her second child from Malawi, a daughter she named Mercy James, in May 2009, less than a year after her divorce from husband Guy Richie was finalized. She and Richie adopted son David from the same African country in 2006.", "Fact: Madonna 's daughter LOURDES is to star in her mum's new music video for the single Celebration.", "Lourdes is the daughter of Madonna and Carlos Leon, who is Cuban. She is also Italian and French Canadian. When Lourdes and Madonna moved to London, due to Madonna’s marriage to Guy Ritche , both Lourdes and her half-brother, Rocco Ritchie, were enrolled in a French language school, reportedly to reflect their international heritage and lifestyle.", "Quote: She has a very strong opinion of clothes and fashion and a strong personality so that'll be a challenge for me. She says she wants to be an actress.\" Madonna 's 11-year-old daughter LOURDES aspires to be like her mother.", "Fact: Madonna 's teenage daughter Lourdes sings back-up vocals on the Material Girl's track Superstar, from her latest album Mdna.", "In 1998 Madonna reinvented herself yet again. During 1996 and 1998 she began studying mystical Judaism and The Kabbalah . She took Yoga lessons and pursued a vigorous exercise regime that brought her body to a peak of toned fitness. She became pregnant by her then lover, personal trainer Carlos Leon , and gave birth to her daughter, Lourdes Maria Ciccone Leon, on October 14, 1996. In 1998 she released Ray of Light , an album co-produced by European techno music performer William Orbit , and co-written by Orbit, Patrick Leonard and Rick Nowels . Her first critically-acclaimed recording since 'Like a Prayer', the album became her biggest hit in nearly ten years, selling over 15 million copies. It spawned the top ten singles 'Frozen', 'Ray of Light', 'Drowned World / Substitute For Love', 'Nothing Really Matters' (accompanied by a video in which she portrayed a cross between a clubber and a geisha girl), and 'The Power of Goodbye'.", "Quote: \"I'm very 'mum'. I'm very worried: 'Are you Ok? Are you getting enough sleep? Are you eating right?' You know, I set up a humidifier in her room with eucalyptus oil. I was worried about the fact that she didn't have enough towels, Q-tips (cotton buds)...\" Madonna , a mother of four, reveals she frets about her eldest daughter Lourdes' wellbeing now she's in college. The 18 year old is a student at the superstar's alma mater, the University of Michigan.", "Great! Now Lourdes is the daughter of that woman who sings all those pop songs, carries on at music awards, published kinky nude photos of herself, and wrote a charmless, didactic book about how much smarter, prettier, etc., etc., her heroine is than other girls. A month ago there were kids—a few, anyway—who hadn't heard of Madonna. No longer—with a million copies of the thing in print, there's no hiding from her. Thanks a whole lot, Mum.", "Quote: \"When I visit her, I have to stay in her dorm (room). I can't go out with her - it's so embarrassing.\" Madonna is relegated to staying indoors when she visits daughter Lourdes at university in her native Michigan.", "The renowned American singer, actress, dancer and businesswomen, Madonna Louise Ciccone was born on August 16, 1958 in Bay City, Michigan.The Queen of Pop is the eldest daughter of Madonna Louise Fortin and Silvio Anthony Ciccone. From her childhood, Madonna wanted to become a ballet dancer and in struggle for achieving her dreams, she moved to New York City in 1978 where she started to work as a backup dancer along with working as a waitress at Dunkin’ Donuts to fulfill her financial needs. During 1981, she formed a band named “Emmy” with her former boyfriend Stephen Bray. The two recorded a few songs and after getting impressed by their work, Madonna was signed by Sire Records.", "Fact: Britney Spears and Justin Timberlake weren't the only stars on show at Madonna 's Dodgers Stadium in Los Angeles on Thursday night (06Nov08) - Heidi Klum , Rita Wilson , Jennifer Lopez , Dennis Quaid and Hayden Panettiere were among the fans in the audience. Madonna's kids Rocco and Lourdes watched the show from the side of the stage.", "She solidified her reinvention as the more mature, family-friendly Madonna when she married British director Guy Ritchie in 2000. She gave birth to their son, Rocco John Ritchie, the same year. She then made the move from the big screen to the London West End stage in the play Up for Grabs (2002), and wrote her first children's book, The English Roses, which was published in 2003, the same year as the release of her album American Life. Madonna was inducted into the inaugural UK Music Hall of Fame in 2004, and her next album Confessions on a Dancefloor came out the following year. Around this time Madonna became the artist with the most gold certified singles in the U.S., beating The Beatles ' longstanding record.", "Life with My Sister Madonna, a book by Madonna's brother Christopher Ciccone , debuted at number two on The New York Times Bestseller List. [179] It was not authorized by Madonna, and led to a rift between them. [180] Problems also arose between Madonna and Ritchie, with the media reporting that they were on the verge of separation. Ultimately, Madonna filed for divorce from Ritchie, citing irreconcilable differences, which was finalized in December 2008. [181] [182] Madonna was honored with the Gold International Artist of the Year, at the Recording Industry Association of Japan Gold Disc Awards, for her album Hard Candy. [183] She decided to adopt again from Malawi. The country's High Court initially approved the adoption of Chifundo \"Mercy\" James; [184] however, the application was rejected because Madonna was not a resident of Malawi. [185] Madonna appealed, and on June 12, 2009, the Supreme Court of Malawi granted Madonna the right to adopt Mercy James. [186] She also released Celebration , her third greatest-hits album, and the closing release with Warner. It contained the new songs \" Celebration \" and \" Revolver \" along with 34 hits spanning her career. [187] Celebration reached number one in the UK, tying her with Elvis Presley as the solo act with most number one albums in the British chart history. [188]", "After the release of her seventh studio album Ray of Light (1998), Madonna stated in a live interview with Larry King on January 19, 1999 that \"I am going to do a movie in April; The Next Best Thing, and then I am going to rehearse to go on tour. And then I'll probably play up until the millennium, New Year's Eve.\" The tour was delayed until 2001, as she had, in her own words, \"been distracted by having children and filming movies\". She also began a serious relationship with Guy Ritchie in 1999. By 2000, she had become pregnant with her son Rocco Ritchie, released her eighth studio album Music that year, and married Ritchie in December 2000. ", "In August 2000 Madonna gave birth to a son named Rocco. The child was her son with British film director Guy Ritchie. Shortly after that event, Madonna released Music, which carried on the electronic element she introduced in Ray of Light. The album received mostly good reviews. In December 2000 Madonna and Ritchie had their son baptized in a thirteenth-century cathedral in Dornoch, Scotland. The next day, Madonna and Ritchie were married at Scotland's nineteenth-century Skibo Castle.", "Madonna was born Madonna Louise Veronica Ciccone was born on 16th August 1958 in Michigan and now simply goes by the name �Madonna�. She gained global recognition after a series of hit singles ", "When Seidelman suggested the future Material Girl as a possible Susan, Madonna was best known for her music videos “Holiday” and “Borderline” on MTV. Her only previous feature film experience was a cameo in the movie Vision Quest.", "As they grew older Madonna and her sisters would feel deep sadness as the vivid memory of their mother began drifting farther from them. They would study pictures of her and come to think that she resembled poet Anne Sexton and Hollywood actresses. This would later raise Madonna's interest in poetry, with Sylvia Plath being her favourite. Later, Madonna commented: \"We were all wounded in one way or another by [her death], and then we spent the rest of our lives reacting to it or dealing with it or trying to turn into something else. The anguish of losing my mom left me with a certain kind of loneliness and an incredible longing for something. If I hadn't had that emptiness, I wouldn't have been so driven. Her death had a lot to do with me saying—after I got over my heartache—I'm going to be really strong if I can't have my mother. I'm going to take care of myself.\" Taraborrelli felt that in time, no doubt because of the devastation she felt, Madonna would never again allow herself, or even her daughter, to feel as abandoned as she had felt when her mother died. \"Her death had taught [Madonna] a valuable lesson, that she would have to remain strong for herself because, she feared weakness—particularly her own—and wanted to be the queen of her own castle.\"", "I remember that dumb C Madonna saying something years that he should be left alone because hes an artist and they think differently then other people. I would love to know if she would let her daughter stay over at artist Romans house when she was 13.", "The extravagant lifestyle of her adult years, however, contrasts sharply with her childhood in the suburbs of Detroit: the middle of six siblings born to a mixed Italian-American/French-Canadian family, Madonna was given a strict Catholic upbringing by her father, who was forced to raised his large family on his own after his wife succumbed to breast cancer in 1963. In addition to their Catholic studies, Sylvio \"Tony\" Ciccone also expected his children take music lessons, but after a months of piano studies he made an exception and allowed his eldest daughter to pursue her interest in ballet.", "Star in the making: Madonna shared a beautiful portrait of Mercy as she celebrated her family", "Is a distant cousin of Gwen Stefani . Gwen's great-aunt's mother-in-law shares the same last name with Madonna.", "Yet her professional life continued to boom: In January 2008 she was named the world's wealthiest female musician by Forbes magazine, with estimated earnings of more than $72 million in the last year alone. Madonna earned much of this income from her H&M clothing line; a deal with NBC to air concert footage; and her Confessions tour—the highest-grossing tour for a female artist to date. She also continuec to sing, act and manage a number of business interests, splitting her time between the U.K. and the U.S. She was the writer and executive producer of I Am Because We Are, a documentary about the lives of Malawi's AIDS orphans, and the arthouse film, Filth and Wisdom. Her album Hard Candy was released in April 2008, and her Sticky and Sweet tour became her first major venture with concert promoter Live Nation.", "Madonna emerged from the New York City club scene to become one of the most successful recording artists of the 1980s and 1990s. Her early work consisted mainly of dance pop music, which was often dismissed by critics despite its popularity. As her style evolved and matured, she earned respect and acclaim, culminating in her winning five Grammy Awards. Her renown as a recording artist and performer led to a variety of acting roles and a film career, which has remained secondary to her music career. In 1992, Madonna also co-founded Maverick Records, which was sold to Warner Music Group in 2004.", "Singer-actress Madonna, second from right, arrives with her entourage of dancers and singers at a pre-premiere party for her film \"Truth or Dare,\" aka \"In Bed with Madonna,\" in New York City, May 8, 1991. (AP Photo/Andrew Savulich)", "Madonna - Mini Biography (TV-14; 4:34) A short biography of Madonna who redefined music with hits like \"Like a Virgin\" and \"Vogue.\" Constantly stirring up controversy in her career, she also made headlines in her relationships with Sean Penn, Warren Beatty, and Guy Ritchie.", "Madonna's alignment with a Jewish faith caused shockwaves when it became public because she had drawn on her Catholic roots throughout her career. This included draping herself with crucifixes and famously kissing a black Jesus in the video for her No 1 single \"Like A Prayer\". She gave a credit to the Kabbalah Centre for its \"creative guidance\" when she released her 1998 album Ray of Light and has spoken in interviews about how studying the teachings had \"changed my whole outlook on life\".", "Madonna’s alignment with a Jewish faith caused shockwaves when it became public because she had drawn on her Catholic roots throughout her career. This included draping herself with crucifixes and famously kissing a black Jesus in the video for her No 1 single “Like A Prayer”. She gave a credit to the Kabbalah Centre for its “creative guidance” when she released her 1998 album Ray of Light and has spoken in interviews about how studying the teachings had “changed my whole outlook on life”.", "Families can also talk about the different images of Madonna throughout her career. Does her constant reinvention add or detract from her music?" ]

[ 4.68359375, 4.6640625, 4.55859375, 4.28125, 4.265625, 3.671875, 3.640625, 3.251953125, 3.169921875, 3.087890625, 2.990234375, 2.654296875, 1.51953125, 0.76318359375, 0.4658203125, 0.279296875, -0.05010986328125, -0.3505859375, -1.958984375, -2.181640625, -2.8828125, -3.146484375, -3.49609375, -4.18359375, -4.28515625, -5.19921875, -5.234375, -5.66796875, -5.88671875, -7.0859375, -7.140625, -8.9140625 ]

[ "Abdullah II bin Al-Hussein (, ʿAbdullāh aṯ-ṯānī ibn Al-Ḥusayn; born 30 January 1962) has been the King of Jordan since he ascended the throne on 7 February 1999 upon the death of his father King Hussein. Abdullah is a member of the Hashemite family, which has ruled Jordan since 1921, and claims to be descended from the Islamic prophet Muhammad. ", "King Abdallah II of Jordan is enthroned formally taking over for his late father King Hussein. Abdallah and his wife Rania waived to the many subjects on the side of the road as they drove in a car through the streets of Amman. June 9th will officially be a national feastday from now on.", "Hussein bin Talal was born on November 14, 1935, in Amman, Jordan. The son of King Talal, also known as Talal I bin Abdullah, Hussein ruled as king of Jordan from 1953 to 1999. His era of reign—spanning the Cold War and 40 years of Arab-Israeli conflict—marked the making of modern Jordan. Hussein bin Talal died in 1999. His successor was Abdullah II.", "Hussein bin Talal (, Ḥusayn bin Ṭalāl; 14 November 1935 – 7 February 1999) was King of Jordan from the abdication of his father, King Talal, in 1952, until his death. Hussein's rule extended through the Cold War and four decades of Arab–Israeli conflict. He recognized Israel in 1994, becoming the second Arab head of state to do so (after Anwar Sadat in 1978/1979).", "Abdullah became King on 7 February 1999, upon the death of his father King Hussein. Hussein had recently named him Crown Prince on 24 January, changing the constitution and replacing Hussein's brother Hassan, who had served many years in the position (nearly 34 years, from 1965 to 1999). Abdullah's namesake is King Abdullah I, his great grandfather who founded modern Jordan. ", "King Abdullah II has ruled Jordan since the 1999 death of his father, King Hussein I . As king, Abdullah has continued his father's policy of making Jordan a moderate voice in the Middle East, with ties to Arabs, Palestinians, and the West. Abdullah went to prep schools in England and America, then attended the Sandhurst Military Academy in England and began a career in the Jordanian army. He had become commander of all Jordanian special forces when his father, shortly before his death, named Abdullah to replace the presumptive heir, Hussein's brother Prince Hassan. Abdullah became king on 7 February 1999. He married Rania Al Yassin , now Queen Rania, in 1993. They have four children: Hussein (b. 1994), Iman (b. 1996), Salma (b. 2000), and Hashem (b. 2005).", "In January 1999 King Ḥussein, whose health was deteriorating, named Abdullah the new heir to the Hāshimite crown. Hours after the death of his father on February 7, 1999, Abdullah became king of Jordan; he was officially crowned on June 9. In his new role, Abdullah continued to follow many of his father’s policies. Following the September 11 attacks in 2001, Abdullah supported the United States’ efforts to combat terrorism, and, after the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq in 2003, U.S. forces were permitted to maintain bases in Jordan. Support for an Arab-Israeli peace agreement also was a high priority for Abdullah, and he continued to demonstrate his commitment to the peace process by participating in negotiations, meeting with Israeli and Palestinian leaders, and calling international attention to the issue.", "The passing away of His Majesty King Hussein on February 7, 1999 marks the end of an era in Jordan's history. While the country, and indeed much of the world, mourns the death of King Hussein, Jordanians look with optimism and pride to a future under the reign of King Abdullah, eldest son of the late King Hussein and current bearer of the Hashemite torch.", "Hussein's own death in January 1999 from cancer devastated Jordanians, many of whom had never known any leader but him, and who had come to associate him with the very existence of Jordan. Two weeks prior to his death, Hussein had shocked the nation by ousting his brother, Hassan, from the post of crown prince that he had held since 1965, and replacing him with his eldest son, Abdullah II ibn Hussein. The young king quickly assumed the throne upon his father's death, and faced monumentally large shoes to fill. Since then, he has pulled Jordan even closer to the United States and its vision of the Middle East. In addition to developing bilateral free trade agreements, Jordan also allowed the United States to station troops in the country before and during the American invasion of Iraq in March 2003. With the Jordanian economy still in trouble, the Israeli–Palestinian peace process stalled, and a new regional balance of power given the direct intervention of the United States in Iraq, King Abdullah faced some serious challenges by late 2003.", "Jordan's King Abdullah stripped his younger half brother Hamzeh of the latter's position as crown prince yesterday. He has not yet named a new successor, though by the terms of the Jordanian constitution Abdullah's ten-year-old son Hussein would automatically inherit the throne.", "Hussein was appointed Crown Prince of Jordan on 9 September 1951. Abdullah's eldest son, Talal, became King of Jordan, but thirteen months later was forced to abdicate owing to his mental state (European and Arab doctors diagnosed schizophrenia). King Talal's son, Crown Prince Hussein, was proclaimed King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan on 11 August 1952, succeeding at the age of 16. A Regency Council was appointed until he came of age. He was enthroned on 2 May 1953.", "The current sovereign is Abdullah II bin Al Hussein, King of Jordan. He was born at Amman, Jordan, on 30 January 1962. He was Crown Prince of Jordan from his birth to 1965, and again as of 25 January 1999.", "As a separate Arab country, Jordan has had a relatively short history, during which only two men have become internationally known. The first of these was the founder of the kingdom, 'Abdallah ibn-Husayn (1882–1951). Although he was born in Hijaz and was a son of the sharif of Mecca, he made 'Ammān his headquarters. He was recognized as emir in 1921 and king in 1946. The second was his grandson, King Hussein I (Husayn ibn-Talal, 1935–99), who ruled from 1953 until his death. In June 1978, 16 months after the death by helicopter crash of Queen Alia (1948–77), Hussein married his fourth wife, the Queen Noor al-Hussein (Elizabeth Halaby, b.US, 1951). King Abdullah II (b.1962) has reigned since the death of his father in 1999.", "Jordan's constitution stipulates that upon the monarch's death, the crown is to pass either to the king's brother or to his eldest son. Hassan, 51, was named crown prince to succeed the king in 1965.", "King Abdullah II bin Al Hussein, descendant of the Prophet Muhammad, is the fourth ruler of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and the great-grandson of his namesake, the kingdom's founder. Born on January 30, 1962, to King Hussein's second wife, the British-born Princess Muna, he is the eldest of Hussein's sons and was proclaimed crown prince at birth. When Abdullah was three years old, however, Hussein transferred that title to his own younger brother, Hassan. After his early schooling in Amman, Abdullah was educated in private schools in England and the United States and then, in 1980, embarked on a military career, attending Britain's Royal Military Academy at Sandhurst. For the next nineteen years, he rose through the ranks of the Jordanian army, eventually serving as commander of the Royal Jordanian Special Forces and as special operations commander. Along the way, he took classes at Oxford and Georgetown universities and further military training at Fort Knox and the Royal Staff College at Camberley, United Kingdom. In 1998, he assumed the rank of major general, which he held when he was proclaimed crown prince by his father on January 24, 1999. Abdullah assumed the throne when his father died on February 7, 1999. Abdullah and his wife, Queen Rania, have two sons and two daughters. On January 11, 2005, Robert Satloff, executive director of the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, interviewed King Abdullah II at his private office in a secluded compound outside of Amman.", "At the time, Crown Prince Talal, Hussein's father, was undergoing treatment for schizophrenia in a Swiss mental hospital. He was returned to Jordan and crowned king, a position he held until the Jordanian parliament forced his abdication a year later.", "was King of Jordan from the abdication of his father, King Talal, in 1952, until his death. Hussein's rule extended through the Cold War and four decades of Arab–Israeli conflict. He recognized Israel in 1994, becoming the second Arab head of state to do so (after Anwar Sadat in 1978/1979).", "The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is a constitutional monarchy with representative government. The reigning monarch, His Majesty King Abdullah II, is the Head of State, the Chief Executive and the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed forces.The king exercises his executive authority through the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers, or Cabinet. The cabinet is responsible before the elected House of Deputies who,along with the house of Notables (Senate), constitutes the legislative branch of the government. The judicial branch is an independent branch of the government. Since 1989, all elements of the Jordanian political spectrum have embarked together on a road to greater democracy, liberalization and consensus building. These reforms, which were guided by the late King Hussein, have placed Jordan on an irreversible road to democratization. The result has been greater empowerment and involvement of everyday citizens in Jordan's civic life, contributing to increased stability and institutionalization,which will benefit the country far into the future.", "King Hussein's funeral brought about 800.000 Jordanese people to Amman, who lined the route of the funeral procession. Jordanian and world dignities from about 70 countries said goodbye to the King in the throne-room at the Raghadan Palace in Amman. After a short ceremony at a mosque the King was laid to rest at the Royal Cemetery. Only the male members of the Jordanian royal family attended the funeral as according to Islamic traditions females are not allowed to attend. Queen Noor and the other female members of the family stayed in the palace. Among the mourners from all over the world were leaders from Israel, Syria, Egypt and the USA. Royal guests included King Juan Carlos of Spain with his wife Sofia and crown prince Felipe, King Harald V of Norway, Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands, King Albert and Queen Paola of Belgium, King Carl XVI Gustaf and Queen Silvia of Sweden, ex-king Constantinos of Greece with his son Pavlos, the Prince of Wales, Sultan Qaboos of Oman and the crown princes of Kuwait, Saudi-Arabia and Morocco.", "In January 1999, Abdullah was named crown prince by his father, King Hussein, just two weeks before the latter's death from cancer. In so doing, Hussein stripped his full brother, Hassan, from the crown princeship, after more than three decades in the role. After assuming the throne, Abdullah himself named his younger half brother Hamzeh as his own crown prince, evidently fulfilling his father's wish. The now twenty-four-year-old Hamzeh, a former Sandhurst cadet who married a cousin earlier this year, is the son of Queen Noor, Hussein's fourth and last wife. (Ali, another of Hussein's sons and the product of his marriage to the Palestinian Alia Toukan, also got married this year, to the daughter of UN Iraq envoy and former Algerian diplomat Lakhdar Brahimi.)", "With his father's abdication, Hussein was named king of Jordan at the age of 17, although a Regency Council ruled for him while he completed his education in Britain. On May 2, 1953, he assumed full constitutional powers when he turned 18 by the Islamic calendar.", "Indeed, the legacy of political pragmatism and the fate of Abdullah, Jordan's first King, strongly shaped his rule. In the summer of 1951, when he was 15, King Hussein saw his grandfather gunned down at the entrance of the silver-domed Al Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem.", "(Even after he had joined with the seven other countries of the Arab League in the 1948 invasion of Israel, Abdullah was still widely accused of being too accommodating to the Jews. He was assassinated on 20 July 1951 in the Al Aqsa Mosque on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem – at a memorial service for the prime minister of Lebanon, himself assassinated by a Syrian nationalist five days earlier. He was succeeded by his grandson Hussein.)", "* 7 February 1999 - present: His Majesty the King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.", "Nov. 21: Jordanian King ‘Abdullah visited Ramallah and entered into talks with Palestinian President Mahmud ‘Abbas, the first such trip since 2000. One of the few Arab states to recognize the State of Israel and also support the establishment of a Palestinian state, rising tensions due to ‘Abbas’ bid for statehood in the UN presented Jordan with additional concerns, specifically with respect to the Palestinian refugee population in Jordan. The Palestinian Authority (PA) and Jordan were set to commence talks with Hamas leader Khalid Mish‘al later that week. [Reuters, DS, 11/21]", "In 2014, two constitutional amendments, approved by the majority of both upper and lower houses, granted the King of Jordan sole authority to appoint the head of the armed forces and director of the kingdom’s General Intelligence Department (GID). Almost three years earlier, in October 2011, in response to public protests calling for political reforms, Abdullah had approved a number of constitutional amendments that curtailed some of his powers and allowed for the creation of a Constitutional Court and an Independent Elections Commission. ", "Jordan is a constitutional monarchy, and the King holds wide executive and legislative powers. He serves as Head of State and Commander-in-Chief and appoints the prime minister and heads of security directorates. The prime minister is free to choose his own cabinet and regional governors. However, the king may dissolve parliament and dismiss the government. The capital city of Jordan is Amman, located in north-central Jordan. ", "The King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is Jordan's head of state and monarch. He serves as the head of the Jordanian monarchy — the Hashemite dynasty. The king is addressed as His Majesty ().", "Jordan is a constitutional monarchy wherein the executive power lies with the King. However, the country also has a democratically elected Parliament that is of equal significance and power in matters relating to national governance.", "^ Derhally, Massoud A. (17 October 2011). \"Jordan's King Appoints PM After Cabinet Resigns\". Bloomberg. Retrieved 28 October 2011.", "^ \"Jordan king appoints new PM, government quits\". Reuters. 1 February 2011. Retrieved 2 February 2011.", "^ \"Jordan's king 'appoints new prime minister'\". Al Jazeera. 17 October 2011. Retrieved 17 October 2011." ]

[ 4.95703125, 4.35546875, 4.1953125, 2.712890625, 2.5546875, 2.212890625, 1.9990234375, 1.8896484375, 1.880859375, 1.83984375, 1.416015625, 1.2353515625, 1.03125, 0.392333984375, 0.1829833984375, -0.2103271484375, -0.47021484375, -0.6884765625, -1.5625, -1.6337890625, -2.572265625, -2.685546875, -3.541015625, -4.1640625, -4.4609375, -4.62109375, -4.703125, -5.0625, -6.0546875, -6.69140625, -7.109375, -7.265625 ]

[ "After Grace Kelly became Princess Grace of Monaco she retired from acting. Princess Grace and Prince Ranier had three children: Caroline Louise Marguerite, Princess of Hanover, born January 23, 1957, and now heiress presumptive to the throne of Monaco; Albert II, Prince of Monaco, born March 14, 1958, current ruler of the Principality of Monaco; and Princess Stéphanie Marie Elisabeth, born February 1, 1965.", "The youngest child of Rainier III, Prince of Monaco, and American actress Grace Kelly is Princess Stéphanie of Monaco, Countess of Polignac. The former singer/model is sixth in the line of succession to the Monegasque throne. Stéphanie welcomed two children, Louis and Pauline Ducruet (left) with her former bodyguard, whom she divorced in 1996. The Countess of Polignac also welcomed a daughter, Camille Marie Kelly Gottlieb (right), whose father has never officially been identified. âXFINITY Entertainment Staff (Photo by Charly Gallo/Getty Images)", "The Prince and Princess of Monaco had three children: Princess Caroline, born 1957; Prince Albert, born in 1958; and Princess Stéphanie, born in 1965.", "Later that year, she married Prince Rainier Grimaldi III of Monaco to become Her Serene Highness Princess Grace of Monaco. As a princess, she gave up her successful acting career, in which she had made eleven films. She had three children: Princess Caroline, Prince Albert, and Princess Stéphanie. Grace died on 14 September 1982 after her car went off a road in the cliffs of Monaco.", "Albert II (Albert Alexandre Louis Pierre Grimaldi; born 14 March 1958) is the reigning monarch of the Principality of Monaco, and head of the Princely House of Grimaldi. Prince Albert is the son of Rainier III, Prince of Monaco, and American actress Grace Kelly. Prince Albert's sisters are Caroline, Princess of Hanover, and Princess Stéphanie. In July 2011, Prince Albert married Charlene Wittstock.", "Grace Patricia Kelly (November 12, 1929 – September 14, 1982) was an American actress who, in April 1956, married Rainier III, Prince of Monaco, to become Princess consort of Monaco, styled as Her Serene Highness The Princess of Monaco, and commonly referred to as Princess Grace.", "Following the death of his grandfather in 1949, Prince Rainier III succeeded the throne as the Sovereign Prince of Monaco. On April 19, 1956, Prince Rainier married the American Actress Grace Kelly. This event focused the world's attention on Monaco, as well as established permanent bonds linking the United States of America with Monaco. They had three children, H.S.H. Princess Caroline, H.S.H. Prince Albert II, and H.S.H. Princess Stephanie.", "The principality's current Sovereign Prince, Albert II is the son of Prince Rainier and Princess Grace. The American Film Institute ranked Kelly #13 amongst the Greatest Female Stars of All Time.", "Albert II, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (Albert Alexandre Louis Pierre Grimaldi; born 14 March 1958) as of 2011 is the head of the House of Grimaldi and the ruler of the Principality of Monaco. He is the son of Rainier III, Prince of Monaco, and the American actress Grace Kelly. His sisters are Caroline, The Princess of Hanover, and Princess Stéphanie of Monaco.", "His Highness is the son of Prince Rainier III , Louis Henri-Maxence-Bertrand, (Monaco May 31st, 1923 - April 6th, 2005) and the Late Princess Grace Patricia Kelly, (Philadelphia U.S.A. November 12th, 1929 - Monaco September 14th, 1982).", "Since her death the authors of many books and films have speculated that Princess Grace was very unhappy and lonesome. However, she did have the satisfaction of providing the heir that Prince Rainier III needed to perpetuate the principality of Monaco. Prince Albert succeeded his father, who died in 2005. He is highly regarded as a ruler, particularly for his advocacy of the environment and international sports. Following the Olympic tradition of his medal-winning grandfather and uncle, Albert competed in many sports including rowing, swimming and cross country, and was on the bobsled team in every winter Olympics from Calgary to Salt Lake City. He has been a member of the International Olympic Committee since 1985. He married Olympic swimmer Charlene Wittstock in 2011 and they are expecting a child in 2014.", "Prince Ranier weeps as he follows the casket of Princes Grace in a funeral procession to Monaco's cathedral before the princess' burial Sept. 18, 1982. Flanking Rainer are daughter Caroline and son Albert. Behind them are Princess Grace's sister Peggy Conlan. Behind Caroline, is Princess Grace's brother John Kelly Jr.", "1958–, prince of Monaco (2005–), grad. Amherst College (B.A., 1981). A member of the long-ruling Grimaldi family, he is the son of Prince Rainier III, upon whose death he succeeded to the throne, and Princess Grace, the former Grace Kelly.", ">> reporter: for kelly , the french riviera became her home and her playground. she resided in a 15th century palace, hosted dignitaries and raised a family. she and prince rainier had three children, princess carlline, princess stephanie and prince albert . it was a charmed life that came to a sudden and tragic end. in 1982 , while driving wig her daughter stephanie, kelly lost control of the car, which plunged down a mountain side. kelly was just 52 years old. to this day, monaco mourns her death. for her children, the years since have been surrounded by romance and scandal. caroline, who has three children harks been married twice. stephanie has three children out of wedlock. as for prince albert , he has been linked to several beautiful women, had two children out of wedlock, but has remained a bachelor, until now. 53-year-old prince albert is marrying charlene wittstock a former olympic swimmer from south africa .", "HRH Caroline Louise Marguerite, The Princess of Hanover, Hereditary Princess of Monaco (Caroline Louise Marguerite Prinzessin von Hannover, Erbprinzessin von Monaco), formally styled Her Royal Highness The Princess of Hanover , (born 23 January 1957) is the eldest child of Prince Rainier III of Monaco and his wife, the former American film actress Grace Kelly. She has many relatives in the United States where her mother is originally from and when she was a child she would spend time at the home of her maternal grandparents in Philadelphia. She married Ernst August V, Prince of Hanover in 1999. Born Her Serene Highness Princess Caroline of Monaco and bearing the surname Grimaldi, she is the second wife of Ernst August, Prince of Hanover and, since her father's death on 6 April 2005, is ...", "Prince Albert II of Monaco with Princess Charlene and their twins Prince Jacques and Princess Gabriella", "Had three children with Prince Rainier of Monaco : Princess Caroline of Monaco (1957), Prince Albert of Monaco (1958) and Princess Stéphanie of Monaco (1965).", "On her marriage, Charlene became Princess consort of Monaco and gained the title and style of Her Serene Highness The Princess of Monaco; the last to hold the title was the Prince's mother, Grace Kelly.", "Princess Stephanie's daughter, Camille Gottlieb, right, speaks during the wedding mass of Prince Albert II of Monaco and Princess Charlene, July 2. Princess Charlene's dress was created by Italian designer by Giorgio Armani.", "Zara Tindall has followed her mother and father with a highly successful riding career – including winning a silver medal at the London 2012 Olympics. She married former England rugby player Mike Tindall in 2011 and the couple had their first child, Mia Grace, in 2014. The children of the Princess Royal do not hold a royal title, as they are descended from the female line. Their father, Mark Phillips turned down an earldom when he married Princess Anne, so they do not have any courtesy titles.", "She has won several national titles over the years. She planned to compete in the 2008 Summer Olympics in China, which she said would be her swansong, but she did not qualify. Previously she had been out of competitive swimming for 18 months with a shoulder injury. Charlene said she would be swimming in Europe in the near future, hoping to better her times. \"I have a year left of competitive swimming, and I just want to be the best I can be in that time. After that I want to get involved in charity work, and development work with athletes' commissions.\" She has recently commented that her swimming days are behind her, enabling her to concentrate on her role as Princess of Monaco.", "Princess Anne of Edinburgh is the only daughter of Queen Elizabeth II. Known for her extensive charitable work, The Princess Royal carries out the most engagements (over 700) of any member of the Royal Family per year, and is involved with over 200 charities and organizations in an official capacity, including Save the Children, which she has been president of since 1970. Princess Anne is especially interested in lighthouses, and has made it an ambition to tour each of Scotland's 215 lighthouses. She is also a gold medal-winning equestrienne and is the only member of the British Royal Family to have competed in the Olympic Games.", "The year after they were married Princess Caroline was born, and Prince Rainier's new bride gave the people of Monaco their heir to the throne, Prince Albert, the following year. The couple's younger daughter Stephanie was born in 1965.", "Princess Charlene was born on 25 January 1978 in Bulawayo, Rhodesia (renamed Zimbabwe in 1980), the daughter of Michael Kenneth Wittstock, a sales manager, and Lynette Wittstock (née Humberstone), a former competitive diver and swimming coach. Two brothers were born over the next five years: Gareth (born 1980), a computer technician, and Sean (born 1983), a sales representative. The family relocated to South Africa in 1989, when Charlene was 11 years old. She attended Tom Newby Primary school in Benoni, near Johannesburg, from 1988 to 1991. ", "The Princess of Monaco, 35, was seen swimming with children in Saint Geours de Maremne in southwestern France.", "His mother died in 1960 when he was only 9 years old. In 1979, he married Marianne Larsson. They have three children: Lotten (b. 1978), Emelie (b. 1980) and Amanda (b. 1989). His elder sisters, Karin and Kristina, are also former Olympic swimmers.", "ELEGANT: Top, SA swimming champion Charlene Wittstock poses for a portrait for South African Sports Illustrated in November 2001. Above, actress Grace Kelly, the mother of Prince Albert II. Left, Prince Albert II and Charlene at the wedding of Kate Middleton and Prince William in London", "In 2000, her team came in fifth at the Sydney Olympic Games. That same year, she won the gold medal for the 200m backstroke event at the \"Marenostrum\" international swimming meeting in Monaco. This is when she met Prince Albert for the first time; he was presiding over the international competition.", "Charlene’s story could not be more different from Albert’s. She was born in the town of Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, and the family later moved to South Africa. Her father is an IT entrepreneur and her mother is a former competitive diver who won medals in the Commonwealth Games in the 1970s. She has two brothers, Gareth and Sean, and her uncle was once a captain of the South African rugby team, the Springboks.", "Who will be Monaco's newest heir? Prince Albert II and wife Princess Charlene's son would outrank an older twin sister - TODAY.com", "After Prince Albert II ascended the throne in 2005, he acknowledged fathering a son, Alexandre, and a daughter, Jazmin Grace, out of wedlock with different women. A former Air France stewardess from Togo is the mother of his son, aged seven, and a former waitress from California is the mother of his teenage daughter.", "Prince Albert married the former South African Olympic swimmer, previously known as Charlene Wittstock, in front of 800 guests including world leaders, fellow royals and stars of sport and fashion in July 2011." ]

[ 3.45703125, 2.625, 2.52734375, 1.71875, 0.29931640625, -0.04827880859375, -0.0684814453125, -0.114501953125, -0.281005859375, -0.332275390625, -0.7587890625, -0.9638671875, -1.30078125, -1.583984375, -2.140625, -2.802734375, -2.875, -2.939453125, -3.599609375, -3.875, -4.3203125, -4.32421875, -4.62109375, -5.63671875, -6.08984375, -6.4765625, -6.70703125, -6.984375, -7.140625, -7.24609375, -7.50390625, -7.828125 ]

[ "The Anglo-Irish Agreement was signed on 15 November, 1985 in Hillsborough, County Down, Northern Ireland by the British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and the Irish Taoiseach Garret FitzGerald.", "Anglo-Irish Agreement, accord signed by British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and Garret FitzGerald , the Irish taoiseach (prime minister), on Nov. 15, 1985, at Hillsborough Castle in County Down, N.Ire., that gave the government of Ireland an official consultative role in the affairs of Northern Ireland . Considered one of the most significant developments in British-Irish relations since the establishment of the Irish Free State in 1922, the agreement provided for regular meetings between ministers in the Irish and British governments on matters affecting Northern Ireland. It outlined cooperation in four areas: political matters; security and related issues; legal matters, including the administration of justice; and the promotion of cross-border cooperation.", "In 1985 the Anglo-Irish Agreement was signed at Hillsborough Castle by British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and Irish Taoiseach Garret FitzGerald.", "1985 – Northern Ireland peace process: British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, and the Irish Taoiseach Garret FitzGerald signed the Anglo-Irish Agreement, giving the Irish Government an advisory role in Northern Ireland's government.", "The Anglo-Irish agreement, 1985, this was agreed between Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and Irish Taoiseach Garrett Fitzgerald", "On 6 November 1981 Thatcher and Irish Taoiseach Garret FitzGerald had established the Anglo-Irish Inter-Governmental Council, a forum for meetings between the two governments. [3] On 15 November 1985, Thatcher and FitzGerald signed the Hillsborough Anglo-Irish Agreement , the first time a British government had given the Republic of Ireland an advisory role in the governance of Northern Ireland. In protest the Ulster Says No movement attracted 100,000 to a rally in Belfast, [8] Ian Gow resigned as Minister of State in the HM Treasury , [9] [10] and all fifteen Unionist MPs resigned their parliamentary seats; only one was not returned in the subsequent by-elections on 23 January 1986. [11]", "In October 1984, the Irish Republican Army bombed the hotel Thatcher and many of her cabinet were staying in during the Conservative Party annual conference. She had refused to meet their political demands, particularly during the 1980-1981 prison hunger strikes. Thatcher was unhurt although several colleagues were among the dead and injured, and she appeared the next morning, defiant and undeterred from continuing with the conference. In 1985, she signed the Anglo-Irish Agreement with Irish Prime Minister Garret FitzGerald. The treaty established the Anglo-Irish Intergovernmental Conference, which gave the Irish government an advisory role in Northern Ireland’s government and confirmed Northern Ireland’s constitutional position. Although the agreement did not immediately end violence in Northern Ireland, it was crucial in the peace process by improving cooperation between the British and Irish governments.", "On 6 November 1981, Thatcher and Irish Taoiseach Garret FitzGerald had established the Anglo-Irish Inter-Governmental Council, a forum for meetings between the two governments. On 15 November 1985, Thatcher and FitzGerald signed the Hillsborough Anglo-Irish Agreement, the first time a British government had given the Republic of Ireland an advisory role in the governance of Northern Ireland. In protest the Ulster Says No movement attracted 100,000 to a rally in Belfast, Ian Gow resigned as Minister of State in the HM Treasury, and all fifteen Unionist MPs resigned their parliamentary seats; only one was not returned in the subsequent by-elections on 23 January 1986.", "Later that year, Thatcher and Irish Taoiseach Garret FitzGerald established the Anglo-Irish Inter-Governmental Council, which would act as a forum for meetings between the two governments. On 15 November 1985, Thatcher and FitzGerald signed the Hillsborough Anglo-Irish Agreement; the first time a British government gave the Republic of Ireland an advisory role in the governance of Northern Ireland.", "On 15 November 1985, Thatcher signed the Hillsborough Anglo-Irish Agreement with Irish Taoiseach Garret FitzGerald, the first time a British government gave the Republic of Ireland a say (albeit advisory) in the governance of Northern Ireland. The agreement was greeted with fury by Northern Irish unionists. The Ulster Unionists and Democratic Unionists made an electoral pact and on 23 January 1986, staged an ad-hoc referendum by resigning their seats and contesting the subsequent by-elections, losing only one, to the nationalist Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP). However, unlike the Sunningdale Agreement of 1974, they found they could not bring the agreement down by a general strike. This was another effect of the changed balance of power in industrial relations.", "Question to Margaret Thatcher the day before she signed the Anglo-Irish Agreement, House of Commons (14 November 1985) .", "\"While her period of office came at a challenging time for British-Irish relations, when the violent conflict in Northern Ireland was at its peak, Mrs Thatcher signed the Anglo-Irish Agreement which laid the foundation for improved North-South cooperation and ultimately the Good Friday Agreement.\"", "On a memo by Charles Powell dated 10 October 1985, Thatcher has written: ‘I think we must fight for our viewpoint. The Irish are still trying to convey the impression that they are going to get some kind of authority in NI The consultations [?] status will give enough trouble as it is – the limitations of their role must be made clear’. As with the other files in this sequence, the complicated process of negotiating the Anglo-Irish agreement is documented in detail. The date for signing the agreement is set for 15 November 1985.", "“While her period of office came at a challenging time for British-Irish relations, when the violent conflict in Northern Ireland was at its peak, Mrs Thatcher signed the Anglo-Irish Agreement, which laid the foundation for improved North-South cooperation and ultimately the Good Friday Agreement,” he said.”", "Final details of four new British-Irish treaties were agreed between the Bertie Ahern, then Taoiseach (Irish Prime Minister), and David Trimble, then First Minister Designate. The treaties provide for the establishment, in principle, of North-South bodies and other institutions in the Good Friday Agreement. The principal treaty would establish the six North-South implementation bodies that had been agreed before Christmas.", "The Anglo-Irish Agreement was signed by the British and Irish governments on 15 November 1985, following months of talks between the two governments. The Agreement confirmed that there would be no change in the status of Northern Ireland without the consent of a majority of its citizens, and set out conditions for the creation of a power-sharing government for Northern Ireland. It also gave the Irish government an advisory role on political, legal and security matters in Northern Ireland.", "1998 Northern Ireland Peace Accord Signed Friday, 10th April 1998 : After many years of violence in Ireland the Peace Accord ( called the Good Friday Agreement ) is signed today after 30 years of bitter rivalries and bloody attacks and can be considered a triumph for British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the Republic of Ireland's leader, Bertie Ahern, who have succeeded where all other attempts have failed", "Dolly the sheep is the first cloned adult animal, Mars landing 1998The Good Friday Agreement or Belfast Agreement on Northern Ireland, Omagh bombing by Real IRA opposed to peace deal Tony Blair becomes the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom to address the Oireachtas (Irish parliament)", "James Harold Wilson, Baron Wilson of Rievaulx, KG , OBE , FRS, FSS , PC (11 March 1916 – 24 May 1995) was a British Labour Party politician who served as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1964 to 1970 and 1974 to 1976. He won four general elections , and is the most recent British Prime Minister to have served non-consecutive terms.", "Sir John Major KG CH PC ACIB (born March 29, 1943), is a British politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the British Conservative Party from 1990 to 1997. He was Prime Minister at a time of great change including the transition following the end of the Cold War, the Gulf War and the further integration of the European Union. His willingness to compromise and engage in talks with the IRA advanced the peace process in Northern Ireland which, after he left office, resulted in the Good Friday Agreement .", "During a speech in the House of Commons Margaret Thatcher, then British Prime Minister, said that: \"Northern Ireland is part of the United Kingdom; as much as my constituency is.\" [This statement was subsequently often quoted as: \"Northern Ireland is as British as Finchley\".]", "Reynolds' worked tirelessly toward peace in Northern Ireland. In 1993, he and UK Prime Minister John Major signed the Downing Street Declaration an agreement setting out terms for peace in the province. In 1994, Reynolds resigned over controversy surrounding his appointment of a High Court president. Reynolds was replaced by Fine Gael leader John Bruton at the head of a coalition with Labour. Fianna Fail formed a minority coalition government with the Progressive Democrats in 1997, with Fianna Fail leader Bertie Ahern as prime minister.", "A practicing lawyer from the mid-1970s, Blair was elected a member of the British parliament for Sedgefield in 1983. After assuming the leadership of the Labour Party in 1994, he set about reforming the traditionally socialist minority party into a more centrist organization, which won a landslide victory in the May 1997 general election. Consequently Blair was voted in as prime minister, the first Labour Party member to hold that post since 1979. Just two weeks after his election, Blair made a high profile visit to Northern Ireland and gave the go ahead for preliminary talks between government officials and Sinn Fein, giving new momentum to the peace process. He later attended meetings with Sinn Fein president Gerry Adams in Oct. and Dec. 1997. (The Dec. meeting at 10 Downing Street, the prime minister's residence, was the first meeting there between a British prime minister and a leading Irish nationalist since David Lloyd George met with Michael Collins in 1921.) The Good Friday Agreement of 1998 marked the first considerable achievement of Blair's Labour government.", "The agreement represents a dramatic shift in Prime Minister Thatcher’s position. During her first several years in office, she attached the highest importance to maintaining British sovereignty in Northern Ireland. In her first meeting with FitzGerald after he became prime minister in 1981, she remarked that she regarded the north as being \"as British as Finchley,\" referring to her own constituency in the south of England. FitzGerald responded that Britain did not have thousands of troops stationed in Finchley, nor did it have a secretary of state in the cabinet for Finchley’s affairs. One Irish official dubbed Mrs. Thatcher \"the last true unionist.\"", "Anthony Charles Lynton Blair (born 6 May 1953) is a former British Labour Party politician who served as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2 May 1997 to 27 June 2007. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Sedgefield from 1983 to 2007 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1994 to 2007. He resigned from all of these positions in June 2007.", "The second document was an international agreement between the British and Irish governments (also called the British-Irish Agreement, which leads to confusion with the Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985 at times ... which in turn may be confused with the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921 ). Let it not be said that keeping track of Irish history and politics is easy ...", "Blair's role as Prime Minister was particularly visible in foreign and security policy, including in Northern Ireland, where he was involved in the 1998 Good Friday Agreement. From the start of the War on Terror in 2001, Blair strongly supported the foreign policy of US President George W. Bush, notably by participating in the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan and 2003 invasion of Iraq. Blair is the Labour Party's longest-serving Prime Minister, the only person to have led the Labour Party to three consecutive general election victories, and the only Labour Prime Minister to serve consecutive terms more than one of which was at least four years long.", "Heath became Prime Minister after winning the 1970 general election . In 1971, Heath oversaw the decimalisation of British coinage and in 1972, he implemented major reform to the UK's system of local government . In foreign policy, Heath took the UK into the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1973. Heath's premiership oversaw the height of The Troubles in Northern Ireland , with the suspension of the Stormont parliament and the imposition of direct British rule. Unofficial talks with IRA delegates were unsuccessful, as was the Sunningdale Agreement of 1973, which caused Ulster Unionists to withdraw from the Conservative whip.", "In the improved political climate between Britain and Ireland, leaders of the two countries sat down to negotiations. Ireland and Britain agreed that any change in the status of Northern Ireland would come about only with the consent of the majority of the people of Northern Ireland, and an intergovernmental conference was established to deal with political, security, and legal relations between the two parts of the island. The agreement was a blow to Northern Ireland’s unionists, because it established a consultative role for the government of Ireland in the affairs of Northern Ireland through the Anglo-Irish Secretariat. The Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) and other unionists denounced the agreement, and UUP members of Parliament resigned their seats over the issue (though 14 were returned in by-elections in 1986). The party organized mass protests and boycotts of local councils and filed a lawsuit challenging the legality of the agreement. However, these efforts—which were joined by the Democratic Unionist Party —failed to force abrogation of the agreement.", "Mowlam's time as Northern Ireland Secretary saw the signing of the historic Good Friday Peace Agreement in 1998. Her personal charisma and reputation for plain speaking led her to be perceived by many as one of the most popular \"New Labour\" politicians in the UK. When Tony Blair mentioned her in his speech at the 1998 Labour Party Conference, she received a standing ovation.", "Another body established under the Good Friday Agreement, the British–Irish Council, is made up of all of the states and territories of the British Isles. The British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly () predates the British–Irish Council and was established in 1990. Originally it comprised 25 members of the Oireachtas, the Irish parliament, and 25 members of the parliament of the United Kingdom, with the purpose of building mutual understanding between members of both legislatures. Since then the role and scope of the body has been expanded to include representatives from the Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales, the Northern Ireland Assembly, the States of Jersey, the States of Guernsey and the High Court of Tynwald (Isle of Man).", "British lawyer, politician, and Labour Party leader who served as prime minister (1997-2007). His administration was marked by economic growth, a peace agreement between factions in Northern Ireland, and participation in the US-led invasion (2003) of Iraq." ]

[ 10.375, 10.1171875, 10.09375, 8.640625, 7.2109375, 6.171875, 5.6640625, 5.17578125, 5.16796875, 4.23046875, 4.14453125, 4.046875, 3.78515625, 3.73828125, 2.150390625, 1.0048828125, 0.8115234375, 0.3662109375, 0.22119140625, 0.21142578125, 0.123291015625, -0.08416748046875, -0.20458984375, -0.3173828125, -0.469970703125, -3.0625, -3.244140625, -3.396484375, -4.6640625, -5.14453125, -5.98828125, -6.48828125 ]

[ "The 1st Academy Awards ceremony, presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), honored the best films of 1927 and 1928 and took place on May 16, 1929, at a private dinner held at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel in Los Angeles, California. AMPAS president Douglas Fairbanks hosted the show. Tickets cost $5 (which would be $69 in 2016 considering inflation), 270 people attended the event and the presentation ceremony lasted fifteen minutes. Awards were created by Louis B. Mayer, founder of Louis B. Mayer Pictures Corporation (at present merged into Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer). It is the only Academy Awards ceremony not to be broadcast either on radio or television.", "1929 - The first Academy Awards were presented on this night, hosted by Douglas Fairbanks and William C. de Mille. This first awards ceremony of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences was held at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel in Los Angeles. It attracted an audience of 200 people. (The statuette we know so well as Oscar was not included in this first presentation for films made in 1927-1928. Oscar didn�t make an appearance until 1931.) Janet Gaynor was named Best Actress for her performance in Seventh Heaven, which also won the Best Director/Dramatic Picture for Frank Borzage, and the Best Writing/Adaptation for Benjamin Glazer. Lewis Milestone was named Best Director/Comedy Picture for Two Arabian Knights. Emil Jannings received two Best Actor awards, one for the 1927 flick, The Way of All Flesh, the other for The Last Command (1928) and Wings was selected as Best Film Production. A second Best Film award was presented to Sunrise for Unique and Artistic Production. It also won for Best Cinematography (Charles Rosher and Karl Struss). Other countries honor their film industry each year, too. In Germany, the Oscar is called the Bambi for outstanding motion pictures. In Finland, the award is called the Snosiki. Two thumbs up for the movies!", "As the first president of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, Douglas Fairbanks had the honor of hosting the first Academy Awards. Famous for his turns as a swashbuckling stud in silent movies, Fairbanks was married to \"America's Sweatheart,\" actress Mary Pickford (and the two shared a portmanteau-perfect Beverly Hills estate, Pickfair). There's no way to know whether Fairbanks's charms translated to the hosting role, however, because the event wasn't broadcast and the ceremony itself only lasted 15 minutes. Not to mention, all the winners had already been announced three months beforehand.", "Public interest in the Oscars was high from the beginning, and from the second year on the ceremony was covered in a live radio broadcast. The year 1953 marked the first time that the Academy Awards were broadcast on the fledgling medium of television. The National Broadcasting Company (NBC) TV network carried the 25th annual awards ceremony live from Hollywood’s RKO Pantages Theatre. Bob Hope was the master of ceremonies, while Fredric March, a two-time Academy Award winner for Best Actor (for 1932’s Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and 1946’s The Best Years of Our Lives), presented the awards. The statuette for Best Picture went to Cecil B. DeMille’s The Greatest Show on Earth, while John Ford won Best Director for The Quiet Man. Winners in the top two acting categories were Gary Cooper (High Noon) and Shirley Booth (Come Back, Little Sheba).", "In 1929, the first Academy Awards were presented at a banquet dinner at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel. From 1930 to 1943, the ceremony alternated between two venues: the Ambassador Hotel on Wilshire Boulevard and the Biltmore Hotel in downtown Los Angeles.", "1945 - Celebrities sauntered into Grauman�s Chinese Theater in Los Angeles to celebrate the best of 1944. For the 17th time, the Academy Awards were presented by Hollywood -- to Hollywood. These Oscar awards were the first broadcast in entirety over the ABC radio network and Armed Forces Radio around the world. Co-hosts for the big show were actor/director John Cromwell (first half) and actor/comedian Bob Hope (second half). The Oscar for Best Picture went to the musical comedy, Going My Way. Best Director was Leo McCarey, who also wrote (Oscar: Best Writing/Original Story) and produced the Bing Crosby (Best Actor)/Barry Fitzgerald (nominated for Best Actor/winner of Best Supporting Actor) gem. Going My Way also scored an Academy Award for music (James Van Heusen), lyrics (Johnny Burke) for the song Swinging on a Star (a hit for Crosby, as was Too-ra-loo-ra-loo-ra, also from the film) and Best Writing/Screenplay (Frank Butler, Frank Cavett). Interesting trivia note: Some years later, while practicing a golf swing in his living room, Crosby knocked the head off the then plaster-cast Oscar statuette he earned from the movie. Best Actress Oscar was given to Ingrid Bergman for Gaslight and Best Supporting Actress was Ethel Barrymore for None But the Lonely Heart. We hope you�ve been paying attention. There may be a quiz later...", "The first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16, 1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel. The cost of guest tickets for that night's ceremony was $5 ($ in dollars). Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the film-making industry of the time, for their works during the 1927–28 period. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes.", "The very first person to receive an Academy Award didn't attend the first Academy Awards ceremony. Emil Jannings, the winner for best actor, had decided to go back to his home in Germany before the ceremony. Before he left for his trip, Jannings was handed the very first Academy Award.", "When the first Oscars were awarded on 16 May 1929, the voting audit procedures that now exist had not yet been put into place, and the categories were still very fluid. Chaplin had originally been nominated for both Best Actor and Best Comedy Directing for his movie The Circus, but his name was withdrawn and the Academy decided to give him a special award \"for versatility and genius in acting, writing, directing and producing The Circus\" instead. The other film to receive a special award that year was The Jazz Singer .", "The evening's official theme was comedy in the movies, and the musical numbers were interspersed with clips of pratfalls taken by Charlie Chaplin, W. C. Fields, Laurel and Hardy and other movie comedy teams. Arthur Hiller, the president of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, which awards the Oscars, also introduced a political note in his opening remarks, pleading against proposed cuts in the budget of the National Endowment for the Arts. His call was echoed by Mr. Landau and Quincy Jones, who was given the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award.", "9. Bob Hope, Jack Lemmon, David Niven, Rosalind Russell, James Stewart, and Donald Duck (1958) Yep, Donald Duck, who co-hosted the 30th Oscar ceremony via the magic of pre-taped animation. Despite having six hosts, the show managed to keep to a strict timetable, which was good, since it was the first Oscar show ever telecast live. It was also the first Oscarcast to drop the East Coast portion of the show and air exclusively from Hollywood. And it was the first to run without commercials (the Academy sponsored the broadcast by itself), so there was no time for anyone onstage to take a breather.", "May 26, 1929 – The very first Academy Awards ceremony is held. It was created by the MPPDA in hopes of raising Hollywood’s prestige and to celebrate traditional artistic merit.", "Although he never won an Oscar for acting (\"At home, we think of Oscar week as Passover\"), he was honored four times by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for his contributions to the world of entertainment. He also received the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award in 1959. He began emceeing the Oscars in 1940, and for years hosted the televised Academy Award presentations, opening his first in 1953 with the line \"Television. That's where movies go when they die.\" His final turn hosting the program came in 1978, the 50th anniversary of the awards. In all, he hosted or co-hosted the Academy Award show 18 times.", "Organized in May 1927, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences was envisioned as a non-profit organization dedicated to the advancement of the film industry. The first Academy Awards were handed out in May 1929, in a ceremony and banquet held in the Blossom Room of the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel. The level of suspense was nonexistent, however, as the winners had already been announced several months earlier. For the next 10 years, the Academy gave the names of the winners to the newspapers for publication at 11 p.m. on the night of the awards ceremony; this changed after one paper broke the tacit agreement and published the results in the evening edition, available before the ceremony began. A sealed envelope system began the next year, and endures to this day, making Oscar night Hollywood’s most anticipated event of the year.", "He was almost right – the first Academy Awards ceremony was held in May 1929, six months before Plummer was born.", "Chaplin won two honorary Oscars. When the first Oscars were awarded on May 16, 1929, the voting audit procedures that now exist had not yet been put into place, and the categories were still very fluid. Chaplin had originally been nominated for both Best Actor and Best Comedy Directing for his movie The Circus, but his name was withdrawn and the Academy decided to give him a special award \"for versatility and genius in acting, writing, directing and producing The Circus\" instead. The other film to receive a special award that year was The Jazz Singer.", "On this day in 1929, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences hands out its first awards, at a dinner party for around 250 people held in the Blossom Room of the Roosevelt Hotel in Hollywood, California.", "On this day in 1929, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences hands out its first awards, at a dinner party for around 250 people held in the Blossom Room of the Roosevelt Hotel in Hollywood , California .", "In 1927, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) was established by Louis B. Mayer, originator of Louis B. Mayer Pictures Corporation, which then would be joined into Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM). Mayer's purpose in creating the award was to unite the five branches of the film industry, including actors, directors, producers, technicians, and writers. Mayer commented on the creation of the awards \"I found that the best way to handle [filmmakers] was to hang medals all over them ... If I got them cups and awards they'd kill them to produce what I wanted. That's why the Academy Award was created\". Mayer asked Cedric Gibbons, art director of MGM, to design an Academy Award trophy. Nominees were notified through a telegram in February 1928. In August 1928, Mayer contacted the Academy Central Board of Judges to decide winners. However, according to the American director King Vidor, the voting for the Academy Award for Best Picture was in the hands of the AMPAS founders Douglas Fairbanks, Sid Grauman, Mayer, Mary Pickford and Joseph Schenck. ", "In 1953, at the RKO Pantages Theater in Hollywood, the Academy Awards ceremony was first broadcast on television by NBC. ABC assumed broadcasting rights to the event when the ceremony moved to the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium in 1961. Color was introduced in 1966 to further highlight the pomp and glamour of the event. NBC once again took over coverage of the ceremonies in 1971. ABC was once again able to obtain broadcasting rights in 1976. They will continue to broadcast the ceremony through 2008. The event is telecast to more than 100 countries.", "This year's Oscars ceremony was hosted by Oscar-winner David Niven for Separate Tables. He was the only person to win an Oscar the same year he was a host.", "The first television broadcast of the Oscars took place in 1953 – on black and white TV, telecasted throughout the US and Canada. Telecasting in colour begun in 1966, and since 1969, the Oscars have been telecast throughout the world. By the mid-1990s it was telecast in over 100 countries.", "In 1982, he (Presenter) accepted the Oscar for \"Best Actress in a Leading Role\" on behalf of Katharine Hepburn , who was not present at the awards ceremony.", "Also in 1927 The Motion Picture Academy of Arts and Sciences was formed and began an annual awards ceremony. The prize, a figurine of a man grasping a star, was later dubbed Oscar. These awards did much to confer status upon the medium in that they asserted a definable quality of excellence analogous to literature and theater, other media in which awards are given for excellence. The Academy Awards also offered the bonus of gathering many stars in one place and thus attracted immediate and widespread attention. The star system blossomed: actors were recruited from the stage as well as trained in the Hollywood studios.", "The 16th Academy Awards was the first Oscar ceremony held at a large public venue, Grauman’s Chinese Theater. Free passes were given out to men and women in uniform. The more theatrical approach makes it a forerunner of the contemporary Oscar telecast.", "On this night in 1953, for the first time, audiences are able to sit in their living rooms and watch as the movie world’s most prestigious honors, the Academy Awards, are given out at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood, California.", "The 'Oscars' or Academy Awards ceremony (honoring films of 1965) was the first broadcast of the ceremony in color.", "Niven was a co-host of this year's Academy Awards ceremony. To date, he is the only actor to win an Oscar in the same year serving as a host.", "The earliest documented account of an exhibition of projected motion pictures in the United States was in June 1894 in Richmond, Indiana by Charles Francis Jenkins which makes United States cinema the earliest cinema in the whole world. Jenkins used his Phantoscope to project his film before an audience of family, friends and reporters. The film featured a vaudeville dancer performing a Butterfly Dance. Jenkins and his new partner Thomas Armat modified the Phantoscope for exhibitions in temporary theaters at the Cotton States Exposition in the fall of 1895. The Phantoscope was later sold to Thomas Edison, who changed the name of the projector to Edison's Vitascope.", "�Hosted or co-hosted the Oscars a record 18 times from 1939 through 1977. Received five special Oscars during his lifetime.", "35 It Happened one Night (1934) was the first film to win Oscars for actor, actress,", "* March 19 – The 25th Academy Awards ceremony is held (the first one broadcast on television)." ]

[ 4.9921875, 4.703125, 4.4609375, 2.556640625, 0.7802734375, 0.052978515625, -0.29443359375, -0.3076171875, -0.481201171875, -0.91552734375, -1.0625, -1.44140625, -1.7314453125, -1.7705078125, -2.1484375, -2.18359375, -2.375, -2.55078125, -2.58984375, -3.392578125, -3.6484375, -4.0234375, -4.16796875, -4.17578125, -4.3828125, -4.7734375, -4.91796875, -5.98828125, -6.36328125, -6.4375, -6.54296875, -8.1328125 ]

[ "From 22 September 1988 to 13 October 1990, shortly before the end of Lebanon's Civil War, Aoun served as Prime Minister of one of two rival governments contending for power at that time. He declared \"The Liberation War\" against the Syrian army forces on 14 March 1989. On 13 October 1990, the Syrian forces invaded Beirut, killing hundreds of unarmed soldiers and civilians. Aoun fled to the French Embassy in Beirut, and was later granted an escape to France. He returned to Lebanon on 7 May 2005, eleven days after the withdrawal of Syrian troops from the country. In 2006, as head of the Free Patriotic Movement (FPM), he signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Hezbollah, starting a major alliance that has remained ever since. Despite the bloody history with the regime of Hafez al-Assad, father of Bashar al-Assad, Aoun visited Syria in 2009. ", "Before 1990, the main driver of group formation in the Lebanese officer corps revolved around Christian-Muslim identity politics. But the civil war, which ended with the defeat of predominantly Christian LAF units by the Syrian army in October 1990, led to a change in the balance. Over the following decade, Christian officers lost their prior dominance. This was most evident in relation to officers who had served under General Michel Aoun, LAF commander between 1984 and 1990 and caretaker prime minister who was appointed by outgoing president Amine Gemayel in 1988. Aoun led what he called a liberation war against the Syrian garrison in Lebanon in 1989–1990, and so when the rebuilding process began, the LAF command had to deal with Aounist officers who had taken part in the campaign against the Syrian troops. These officers, who considered themselves the heart of the Lebanese army, shared a group identity built on struggle—and, subsequently, marginalization in the armed forces.", "The Gulf War had its repercussions on Aoun's government. Aoun had asked for help and the only unconditional help he received was from Saadam Hussein , who until 1989 was an ally of the West. On August 2, 1990, Hussein launched his invasion of Kuwait and the US made a coalition against Iraq to liberate Kuwait. President Hafez al-Assad of Syria suddenly sided with his arch enemy, the United States. In return, the United States agreed to support Syria's interests in Lebanon.[ citation needed ] On the evening of 12 October, while giving a public speech, Aoun survived an assassination attempt by a lone shooter in the crowd. On 13 October, with American permission,[ citation needed ] Syrian forces attacked the presidential palace in Baabda , where Aoun was preparing for his defense.[ citation needed ] Not very long after the attacks, Aoun was asked to leave Lebanon with the full support of the French Ambassador.[ citation needed ] Ten months later Aoun went into exile in France, where he led a political party , the Free Patriotic Movement . In 2003, an avowed Aounist candidate, Hikmat Deeb , came surprisingly close to winning a key by-election in the Baabda – Aley constituency against the main candidate, Henri Helou .[ citation needed ]", "The Taif Agreement of 1989 marked the beginning of the end of the fighting. In January of that year, a committee appointed by the Arab League, chaired by Kuwait and including Saudi Arabia, Algeria, and Morocco, began to formulate solutions to the conflict. This led to a meeting of Lebanese parliamentarians in Ta'if, Saudi Arabia, where they agreed to the national reconciliation accord in October. The agreement provided a large role for Syria in Lebanese affairs. Returning to Lebanon, they ratified the agreement on 4 November and elected Rene Mouawad as President the following day. Military leader Michel Aoun in East Beirut refused to accept Mouawad, and denounced the Taif Agreement.", "In the third round of voting, Aoun's party, the Free Patriotic Movement, made a strong showing, winning 21 of the 58 seats contested in that round, including almost all of the seats in the Christian heartland of Mount Lebanon . Aoun also won major Christian districts such as Zahle and Metn. [2] [9] Aoun himself was elected to the National Assembly. In the fourth and final round, however, the FPM failed to win any seats in Northern Lebanon due mainly to the 2000 electoral law that gave the pro Hariri Muslim community of Tripoli an easy veto over any Christian candidate in its electoral district, thus falling short of its objective of holding the balance of power between the main \"anti-Syrian\" opposition coalition (formerly known to be Syria's strong allies) led by Sa'ad Hariri (which won an absolute majority) and the Shiite -dominated Amal -Hezbollah alliance.", "On 14 March 1989, after a Syrian attack on the Baabda presidential palace and on the Lebanese Ministry of Defense in Yarze, Aoun declared a liberation war against the Syrian army, which was better armed than the Lebanese forces (some 40,000 Syrian troops were in Lebanon at the time). The Syrians were supported by the US government led by George H. W. Bush in exchange for their support against Saddam Hussein. [7] Over the next few months Aoun's army and the Syrians exchanged artillery fire in Beirut and other areas. [7] During this period Aoun became critical of American support for Syria and moved closer to Iraq, accepting arms supplies from Saddam Hussein. [7]", "On March 14, 1989, after a Syrian attack on the Baabda presidential palace and on the Lebanese Ministry of Defense in Yarze, Aoun declared Liberation war against the Syrian army which was better armed than the Lebanese forces (some 40,000 Syrian troops were in Lebanon at the time). The Syrians were supported by the US government led by George H. Bush in exchange for their support against Saddam Hussein. [6] Over the next few months Aoun's army and the Syrians exchanged artillery fire in Beirut until only 100,000 people remained from the original 1 million, the rest fled the area. [6] During this period Aoun became critical of American support for Syria and moved closer to Iraq, accepting arms supplies from Saddam Hussein. [6]", "Michel Aoun was appointed as Lebanese Army General in 1984. From 22 September 1988 to 13 October 1990, Aoun served as Prime Minister after being appointed by the then departing Lebanese President Amine Gemayel as head of the Lebanese government and interim prime minister. The controversial decision saw the rise of two rival governments contending for power at that time, one by General Aoun and the other by prime minister Selim Hoss .", "On 22 September 1988, the outgoing President, Amine Gemayel , dismissed the civilian administration of Prime Minister Selim al-Hoss and appointed a six-member interim military government (as prescribed by the Lebanese Constitution should there be no election of a President as was the case at the time), composed of three Christians and three Muslims, though the Muslims refused to serve. Backed by Syria, Al-Hoss declared his dismissal invalid. Two governments emerged (one civilian and mainly Muslim in West Beirut, headed by Al-Hoss, the other, military and mainly Christian, in East Beirut, led by Michel Aoun acting as Prime Minister). [5]", "On September 22, 1988, the outgoing President, Amine Gemayel , dismissed the civilian administration of Prime Minister Selim al-Hoss and appointed a six-member interim military government (as prescribed by the Lebanese Constitution should there be no election of a President as was the case at the time), composed of three Christians and three Muslims, though the Muslims refused to serve. Backed by Syria, Al-Hoss declared his dismissal invalid. Two governments emerged (one civilian and mainly Muslim in West Beirut, headed by Al-Hoss, the other, military and mainly Christian, in East Beirut, led by Michel Aoun acting as Prime Minister). [5]", "1988 September 22: Is appointed by outgoing president Amine Gemayel (15 minutes before the expiration of his term) to head a military government to be formed by members of the Martial Court, which Aoun as Armed Forces Commander chairs. The Muslim members of the Martial Court, it later transpired, are pressured by the Syrian occupant to decline their appointments. The area under Aoun's control at this point is very small: East Beirut and surrounding suburbs. Amine Gemayel appointed officers to take over after briefly considering judges or a caretaker government formed of politicians. Having failed to form a political caretaker government and feeling that judges \"can't defend themselves\" he opted for a military cabinet. Indeed, Amine Gemayel had recognized that his own nemesis throughout his presidency the militia his slain brother Bashir Gemayel had founded, the Lebanese Forces, would also attempt to undermine the authority of a caretaker government", "Aounists opposed to the MOU still say they do not understand why Aoun—who led the army to fight against all militias in 1989–1990, including Christian ones toward the end of the civil war—would then choose a militia as an ally decades later.18 One officer expressed his dismay over Aoun’s newfound pro-Hezbollah and pro-Syria orientation: “We fought a war against the Syrian army, we were marginalized under Syrian rule, and now it is all over.”19 These officers did not agree with the new alliance given Hezbollah’s dominance, seeing it as unlikely to improve the Christian position within the state.", "The Middle East was becoming unsettled in 1979, when Bin Laden was at the university. In Iran, Shiite Muslims mounted an Islamic revolution that overthrew the shah and made the United States a target. Egypt and Israel signed a peace treaty. And as the year ended, Soviet troops occupied Afghanistan.", "A tentative peace accord was reached between Christian and Muslim representatives, but Aoun complained that the peace accord failed to pressure the Syrians to withdraw. On Nov. 22, 1989, the newly elected Syrian-backed president, René Moawad, was assassinated; he was succeeded by Elias Hrawi. Revolts by Aoun in late 1989 and 1990 were put down with the help of Syrian forces, and Aoun was ousted from the country. In Nov., 1990, major rival Shiite Muslim groups signed an agreement to end their fighting.", "Major civil discontent and violence occurred in the Middle East, including the Iran–Iraq War, the Soviet–Afghan War, the 1982 Lebanon War, the Nagorno-Karabakh War, the Bombing of Libya in 1986, and the First Intifada in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. Islamism became a powerful political force in the 1980s and many terrorist organizations, including Al Qaeda started.", "Algeria ( '; ; ), officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a sovereign state in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast. Its capital and most populous city is Algiers, located in the country's far north. With an area of 2381741 km2, Algeria is the tenth-largest country in the world, and the largest in Africa. Algeria is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia, to the east by Libya, to the west by Morocco, to the southwest by the Western Saharan territory, Mauritania, and Mali, to the southeast by Niger, and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea. The country is a semi-presidential republic consisting of 48 provinces and 1,541 communes (counties). Abdelaziz Bouteflika has been President since 1999.", "[3] Such disregard finds its reflection in the lack of any serious research on the “Aoun phenomenon” thus far -- an omission that this article can only hope to start addressing. This article is based on a series of interviews with party officials and activists conducted in June 2007, in addition to party literature, encounters with activists since the spring of 2005, particularly during the mass demonstrations in December 2006, and preliminary results of a field study conducted in the spring of 2007 by the French geographer Beltram Dumontier in ‘Ayn al-Rummana (a predominantly Maronite Christian quarter of Beirut adjacent to the Hizballah strongholds of Shiyah and Harat Hurayk), which Dumontier generously shared with the author.", "By the time of Khamenei’s address, Tunisian President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali had already fled to Saudi Arabia (January 14th) following Tunisia’s uprising. In Egypt, President Hosni Mubarak resigned on February 11th, ending his thirty-year presidency. On March 14th, 1000 troops from Saudi Arabia and 500 troops from the UAE arrived in Bahrain to quell protests in which tens of thousands of Bahrainis called for greater political freedom and equality. On March 18th, government forces loyal to President Ali Abdullah Saleh fired upon protesters in the Yemeni capital of Sana’a, resulting in 52 deaths. The following day, March 19th, NATO military forces began their military campaign against targets in Libya, pursuant to a Security Council resolution that ostensibly aimed to protect protesters challenging the regime of Muammar Ghaddafi.", "The 1970s saw an initial increase in violence in the Middle East as Egypt and Syria declared war on Israel, but in the late 1970s, the situation in the Middle East was fundamentally altered when Egypt signed the Egyptian–Israeli Peace Treaty. Anwar El Sadat, President of Egypt, was instrumental in the event and consequently became extremely unpopular in the Arab World and the wider Muslim world. He was assassinated in 1981. Political tensions in Iran exploded with the Iranian Revolution in 1979 which overthrew the Pahlavi dynasty and established an Islamic republic of Iran under the leadership of the Ayatollah Khomeini.", "Another constant feature of Aoun’s volatile career is the persistence with which his popular support has bounced back every time his opponents have declared it spent. In 2005, after 15 years in exile, most observers and competitors considered the retired general, then 70, a figure of the past.[3] His announced intention to descend upon Lebanese politics like a “tsunami” was widely derided as being not only in bad taste (coming, as it did, only a few months after the disastrous tsunami in the Indian Ocean), but the delusion of an empire builder who had missed his moment. Already in the 1980s, Aoun’s assertive posture, in contrast to his physical stature, had led wags to give him the nickname “NapolAoun.”", "Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali became president of Tunisia in 1987 and “tried to calm the situation by promising more freedoms, including a right to demonstrate, and announcing that he would not seek re-election when his current term ends in 2014. (In his last election, in 2009, he received 90 percent of the vote).” [2]", "The leadership’s governance capacity is also constrained by a significant degree of active disaffection with the government, manifested not only in the persistence of dissidence, but also in the clandestine support structures for terrorism, that extend far more widely through the Algerian society and are often linked to latent criminality. In other words, criminal behavior also has its political reflection in Algeria. The consequence of this is that the legitimacy of the Algerian state is still not an uncontested reality. In response, the state operates in an authoritarian manner which belies its claims to democratic legitimacy. In some respects, such a presence is familiar to Algerians, for they have had thirty years of experience with an authoritarian state and a decade under a violently repressive security system. Given these circumstances, one can hardly say that the state is responsive to popular demand. At the same time, the overt expression of state power is familiar and reassuring to the conservatism of Algerian society, as much as it repels the elites seeking political participation. This in turn inhibits any real political change.", "Despite the sudden and euphoric eruptions of political protest against the region’s authoritarian regimes, there is much to be cautious about.  Demonstrators in Egypt and Tunisia, in forcing the departure of Mubarak and Ben Ali, have taken only the first steps towards democracy and political change.  In both countries, remnants of the old regime - most notably the army and previous ruling elites - show few signs of receding from power.   ", "Heads of state since independence include 'Ali Soilih (1937–78), who came to power as a result of the 1975 coup and who died after the 1978 takeover; and Ahmad 'Abdallah (1919–89), president briefly in 1975 and restored to power in 1978. Mercenary Bob Denard (b.France, 1929) virtually ruled the country through figurehead presidents between 1978 and 1989, when France negotiated his departure after the assassination of 'Abdallah. Col. Assoumani Azali (b.1959?) took power in a coup in 1999, assuming the titles of president, prime minister, and defense minister.", "His main priorities upon taking over power included the improvement of the country's educational system, fighting gender inequality, developing the economy and maintaining a neutral foreign policy, which made him an exception among Arab leaders. However, a cult of personality also developed around him, as he held the title of \"Supreme Combatant\" and established a twenty-year one-party state. The end of his rule was marked by his declining health, the rise of clientelism and Islamism, which was concluded by his removal from power by his prime minister, Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, on November 7, 1987. He was later kept under house arrest in a residence in Monastir, where he remained until his death on April 6, 2000, and was buried in a mausoleum he had previously built there.", "The Arab Spring (Arabic: الثورات العربية; literally the Arabic Rebellions or the Arab Revolutions) is a name used for a revolutionary wave of demonstrations and protests that have been taking place in the Middle East and North Africa since 18 December 2010.", "Dec. 12: Moncef Marzouki, a former human rights activist and member of the CPR, was elected President by the Tunisian constituent assembly. A French-trained doctor and prolific writer, Marzouki headed the Tunisian League for the Defence of Human Right until 1994 when the party was banned and he was forced into exile. [Reuters, AJE, 12/12, BBC, 12/13]", "The human rights record of the authoritarian Gouled regime came increasingly under attack in the late-1980s and 1990s, with allegations of beatings, rapes, arbitrary, prolonged, and incommunicado detentions, extra-judicial killings and disappearances of political/ethnic opponents of Gouled, and union leaders. Journalists have also been harassed, intimidated, and detained.", "Ben Ali was expected to favour a somewhat less secular government than Bourguiba’s, with a more moderate approach toward religious fundamentalists. In elections held on April 2, 1989, he received more than 99 percent of the votes. In 1991, however, he banned the Nahḍah (“Renaissance”) party and called for the suppression of Islamic militants, and from that point on he came under increasing criticism for his human rights policies. As head of the Democratic Constitutional Rally (Rassemblement Constitutionnel Démocratique), he won reelection in 1994, 1999, 2004, and 2009, each time by an overwhelming margin.", "Ben Ali ruled the country since 1987. Like many other Western-backed Arab rulers, he ruled with an iron fist, leading to massive human rights abuses, widespread corruption and lack of democracy.", "The 1989 coup installed a one-party system led by the National Islamic Front (NIF). Umar al-Bashir became the official head of the state and prime minister. Hasan al-Turabi became the second most important political figure since 1989 as the leader of the NIF and the spiritual Islamic leader of the country. The new regime was marked by a hard dictatorship, prohibition of any political activities that would not be in accordance with official propaganda, suppression of any opposition, and support for international terrorism.", "Ismail Omar Guelleh came to power in elections in 1999, succeeding Hassan Gouled Aptidon, who led the country for two decades since independence." ]

[ 3.6328125, 3.498046875, 3.40625, 2.7734375, 2.552734375, 2.541015625, 2.396484375, 2.044921875, 1.240234375, 1.220703125, -0.587890625, -0.5908203125, -1.5927734375, -1.8505859375, -2.21484375, -2.625, -2.642578125, -2.775390625, -3.03515625, -3.2109375, -3.859375, -4.38671875, -4.3984375, -4.765625, -5.79296875, -6.5703125, -6.640625, -7.87109375, -8.1796875, -8.8125, -9.453125, -9.8125 ]

[ "Already owning a Number One hit with “Heartbreak Hotel,” Elvis had been on television before, but nothing compared to his debut on The Ed Sullivan Show when 60 million viewers tuned in. It was a high profile cultural moment and national event when 82% of the television viewing audience watched Elvis on The Ed Sullivan Show .", "Sometime in the early afternoon, Elvis Presley , a former Sun artist himself but now at RCA , dropped in to pay a casual visit accompanied by a girlfriend, Marilyn Evans. [1] He was, at the time, the biggest name in show business, having hit the top of the singles charts five times, and topping the album charts twice in the preceding 12-month period. Less than four months earlier, he had appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show , pulling an unheard-of 83% of the television audience, which was estimated at 55 million, the largest in history up to that time.", "From the day television existed as an entertainment medium, giant companies have battled each other for viewers. In the history of television programming, no show was as consistently excellent in the ratings as The Ed Sullivan Show, a variety show that brought on all kinds of acts, from dancers to artists and singers. It was the longest-running show to maintain one time slot, and today it is widely remembered for introducing the nation to the likes of Elvis Presley and the Beatles. When Elvis was on the show in 1956, over 82% of the nation's entire television audience tuned in, a rating that would make even the Super Bowl blush. Indeed, being booked on The Ed Sullivan Show became so important for performers that Aretha Franklin once noted, \"And I was booked once to go on Ed Sullivan and I got bumped, and ran out the back door crying.\"", "The myth was created by the press who noted that tight shots were used whenever he started to dance.  Perhaps it was censorship but more likely it was a director taking different camera shots.  The audience saw plenty of Elvis in action and they certainly heard the women in the audience sqeal every time Elvis grunted, crossed his eyes, moved his tongue or even just stood perfectly still.  Laughton concluded the show by saying, ”Well, what did someone say? Music hath charms to soothe the savage breast?”  On that night, Ed Sullivan’s show was seen by  82.6% of the total television audience in America.  Steve Allen didn’t even try as NBC pre-empted his show with a movie. ", "Then on July 1st, 1956, Elvis appeared on NBC’s new Steve Allen Show, which aired opposite CBS’s The Ed Sullivan Show. Due to the backlash from Presley’s second and last performance on The Milton Berle Show, Allen decided to dress Elvis in a tuxedo and have him sing “Hound Dog” to a basset hound. While many of Elvis’s teenaged fans may not have appreciated the comedic intent of the song (Elvis personally hated it), The Steve Allen Show crushed Ed Sullivan in that week’s ratings. On Monday, Ed Sullivan sent Steve Allen a telegram reading: “Steven Presley Allen, NBC TV, New York City. Stinker. Love and kisses. Ed Sullivan.”", "1956 - Elvis Presley got an invitation from Steve Allen to appear on The Tonight Show. Although Elvis showed up in formal wear, the penguin suit didn�t hamper his ability to sing Hound Dog to a sad-eyed basset hound. It looked a little strange, however...", "Elvis makes the first of three appearances on Ed Sullivan's \"Toast of the Town Show,\" the top television program of the era. Elvis attracts the highest ratings ever for any television variety show", "September 9, 1956 - Elvis makes his first appearance on the Sullivan show. Charles Laughton fills in for an ailing Sullivan. Presley sings \"Don't Be Cruel\", \"Love Me Tender\", \"Ready Teddy\", and \"Hound Dog\" to an estimated TV audience of 54 million viewers.", "September 9, 1956 – Elvis makes his first appearance on the Sullivan show. Charles Laughton fills in for an ailing Sullivan. Presley sings “Don’t Be Cruel”, “Love Me Tender”, “Ready Teddy”, and “Hound Dog” to an estimated TV audience of 54 million viewers.", "1956, Elvis Presley appeared on ABC-TV's 'The Milton Berle Show' live from the flight deck of the USS Hancock in San", "in 1955 - Elvis Presley made his TV debut when he appeared on the weekend show 'Louisiana Hayride' on KWKH TV, broadcast from Shreveport Auditorium in Shreveport, Louisiana.", "9/09/1956: Elvis Presley's first appearance yielding a 82.6 percentage share, the highest in television history for any program and up to this date (2015). Viewers: 60.2 million Source: Trendex, the precursor of Nielsen.", "By the time of his next appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show, October 28th, 1956, Sullivan had recovered from his injuries and resumed his duties hosting the show. Following an innocent act by an Irish children’s choir called The Little Gaelic Singers, Elvis Presley took the stage and sang, “Don’t Be Cruel” and “Love Me Tender.” After Señor Wences’s ventriloquism act , Elvis returned to perform “Love Me.” During this song the camera moved in for a close-up of Elvis’ face, and then, as if on cue, he smiled and snarled his upper lip. The studio audience went wild. Elvis closed with another performance of his hit, “Hound Dog.” Again viewers were shown a head-to-toe Elvis.", "One of them was Elvis Presley before he became wildly popular. In fact, being on the Ed Sullivan show was perhaps the biggest springboard to his success. But there was a problem with Elvis, his hips moved just too much, were considered far too suggestive for this family program, so the TV cameras showed Elvis only above the waist.", "January 6; Elvis appears on the Sullivan show. Careful camera work ensures that he is only seen from the waist up!", "To make Elvis even more popular, Parker put Elvis on television. On January 28, 1956, Elvis made his first television appearance on Stage Show, which was soon followed by appearances on the Milton Berle Show, Steve Allen Show, and the Ed Sullivan Show .", "To make Elvis even more popular, Parker put Elvis on television. On January 28, 1956, Elvis made his first television appearance on Stage Show, which was soon followed by appearances on the Milton Berle Show, Steve Allen Show, and the Ed Sullivan Show.", "Elvis appears on Stage Show in his first network television appearance. This is Elvis’ first of six appearances on the Jackie Gleason produced Stage Show. The show, hosted by Jimmy and Tommy Dorsey, is broadcast from CBS Studio at 8:00 p.m. Elvis performs “Shake, Rattle and Roll” and “I Got A Woman” on the show.", "It was released on January 27, 1956. The next day, Elvis made his network television debut, performing live on the Dorsey Brothers Stage Show. It was the first of six appearances over the next few months, and he sang “Heartbreak Hotel” on three of those. On April 3, he did the song on the Milton Berle Show. Two weeks later on April 21, thanks in large part to his exposure on the new medium of TV, Elvis had his first No. 1 pop single (it also topped the country chart and went Top 5 on the R&B chart).", "Presley appeared in two segments that night from CBS Television City in Hollywood. According to Elvis legend, Presley was shot only from the waist up. Watching clips of the Allen and Berle shows with his producer, Sullivan had opined that Presley \"got some kind of device hanging down below the crotch of his pants–so when he moves his legs back and forth you can see the outline of his cock. ... I think it's a Coke bottle. ... We just can't have this on a Sunday night. This is a family show!\"", "For Elvis' first appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show on Sunday night at 8 p.m. on September 9, 1956, Ed Sullivan himself was not able to host since he had recently been in a very serious car accident that left him in the hospital. In his place, Oscar-winning actor Charles Laughton hosted the show.", "By Monday morning Ed Sullivan caved and decided to book Elvis on his Sunday night showcase. Sullivan and Colonel Parker agreed to have Elvis appear three times for the then mind boggling sum of $50,000, the highest amount ever paid to a performer to appear on TV. Ironically, before Elvis had appeared nationally on television, Sullivan had turned down the opportunity to book Elvis on his show for $5,000. He passed on the opportunity, because he wasn’t sure that Presley would be a good fit for his show’s family audience. But after getting trounced in the ratings by Steve Allen, Ed had to concede and he paid dearly. It would be a show business marriage made in ratings heaven.", "Although at first Ed Sullivan said he would never want Elvis on his show, Sullivan changed his mind when The Steve Allen Show with Elvis as a guest had about twice as many viewers as Sullivan's show that night (they were competing for the same audience since they were in the same time slot).", "Finally, Ed Sullivan himself played a significant role on camera during Presley’s three appearances. Of course, he was recovering from injuries suffered in an automobile accident and was not in the studio for Presley’s initial appearance on September 9. Still, Elvis twice paid homage to his absent host. Before launching into his first number, Elvis declared that his appearance on Sullivan’s show was “probably the greatest honor I have had ever had in his life.” At the end of show, Presley wished Sullivan a quick recovery and said he looked forward to seeing him on the October 28 show. On that second Presley show, Sullivan reminded the girls in the studio audience of the promise he had extracted from them to keep quiet while Elvis was singing.", "July 1, 1956 - Elvis does a parody of himself on Steve Allen's show by singing to a real Bassett hound. Allen's show beats Ed Sullivan in the ratings for the first time.", "However, according to Greil Marcus , Laughton was the main act of Sullivan's show. \"Presley was the headliner, and a Sullivan headliner normally opened the show, but Sullivan was burying him. Laughton had to make the moment invisible: to act as if nobody was actually waiting for anything. He did it instantly, with complete command, with the sort of television presence that some have and some—Steve Allen, or Ed Sullivan himself—don’t.\" [13]", "However, according to Greil Marcus , Laughton was the main act of Sullivan's show. \"Presley was the headliner, and a Sullivan headliner normally opened the show, but Sullivan was burying him. Laughton had to make the moment invisible: to act as if nobody was actually waiting for anything. He did it instantly, with complete command, with the sort of television presence that some have and some—Steve Allen, or Ed Sullivan himself—don't.\" [22]", "Elvis's second set in the show consisted of \"Ready Teddy\" and a short on-air comment to Sullivan, \"Ah, Mr Sullivan. We know that somewhere out there you are looking in, and, ah, all the boys and myself, and everybody out here, are looking forward to seeing you back on television.\" Next, Elvis declared, \"Friends, as a great philosopher once said, ‘You ain’t nothin’ but a Hound Dog ...,' \" as he launched into a short (1:07) version of the song. [12]", "However, according to Greil Marcus, Laughton was the main act of Sullivan's show. \"Presley was the headliner, and a Sullivan headliner normally opened the show, but Sullivan was burying him. Laughton had to make the moment invisible: to act as if nobody was actually waiting for anything. He did it instantly, with complete command, with the sort of television presence that some have and some\"?Steve Allen, or Ed Sullivan himself\"?don't.\"", "However, according to Greil Marcus, Laughton was the main act of Sullivan's show. \"Presley was the headliner, and a Sullivan headliner normally opened the show, but Sullivan was burying him. Laughton had to make the moment invisible: to act as if nobody was actually waiting for anything. He did it instantly, with complete command, with the sort of television presence that some have and some—Steve Allen, or Ed Sullivan himself—don't.\" ", "It had live audiences composed of up to a hundred and fifty people. Anyone could sing or play on the program and Elvis did many times. 'Old Shep' being just one of the many songs he sung.", "Marie Osmond was a guest on the Mike Douglas Show which was aired on this date. Don Meredith was the co-host of the show. Other guests included Bill Anderson and Willie Nelson." ]

[ 6.30859375, 5.77734375, 5.5234375, 2.236328125, 0.87158203125, 0.6318359375, 0.41015625, 0.260986328125, 0.2548828125, 0.05224609375, 0.01058197021484375, -0.06573486328125, -0.1258544921875, -0.250244140625, -0.2666015625, -0.3369140625, -0.359375, -0.398681640625, -1.1416015625, -1.21875, -1.44140625, -1.689453125, -1.919921875, -2.337890625, -2.826171875, -4.609375, -4.8203125, -4.90625, -5.671875, -5.9609375, -6.02734375, -8.6015625 ]

[ "1994 - Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat, Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, and Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres receive the Nobel Peace Prize.", "In 1994, Arafat and Israel’s Shimon Peres and Yitzhak Rabin all received the Nobel Prize for Peace, and the following year they signed a new agreement, Oslo II, which laid the foundation for a string of peace treaties between the PLO and Israeli, including the Hebron Protocol (1997), the Wye River Memorandum (1998), the Camp David Accords (2000) and the \"roadmap for peace\" (2002).", "Yasser Arafat, Shimon Peres, and Yitzhak Rabin received the Peace Prize in 1994 for their efforts in making peace between Israel and Palestine. Immediately after the award was announced, one of the five Norwegian Nobel Committee members denounced Arafat as a terrorist and resigned. Additional misgivings about Arafat were widely expressed in various newspapers. ", "When the Nobel Committee presents the Peace Prize to active politicians, it almost always causes controversy and discontent by people in some part of the world. In 1994, the prize was awarded to Yasser Arafat, Yitzhak Rabin and Shimon Peres for their negotiations and peace agreements between Israel and the Palestinians. At that time, Yasser Arafat, who was suspected of involvement in international terrorism, looked like one of the most controversial winners in recent memory.", "Despite attempts by extremists on both sides to sabotage the peace process with violence, the Israelis completed their withdrawal from the Gaza Strip and Jericho in May 1994. In July, Arafat entered Jericho amid much Palestinian jubilation and set up his government--the Palestinian Authority. In October 1994, Arafat, Yitzhak Rabin, and Shimon Peres were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts at reconciliation.", "• Yasser Arafat shared the 1994 Nobel Peace Prize with Shimon Peres and Yitzhak Rabin. This decision caused Nobel Committee member Kare Kristiansen to resign. \"What consequences will result,\" he asked at the time, \"when a terrorist with such a background is awarded the world's most prestigious prize?\"", "1994 - Arafat, Rabin and Shimon Peres share the Nobel Peace Prize. Full diplomatic relations are established with the Vatican .", "Israeli statesman and soldier who, as prime minister of Israel (1974-77, 1992-95), led his country toward peace with its Palestinian and Arab neighbours. He was chief of staff of Israel's armed forces during the Six-Day War (June 1967). Along with Shimon Peres, his foreign minister, and Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) chairman Yasir Arafat, Rabin received the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1994.", "Arafat won the 1994 prize along with Shimon Peres and Yitzhak Rabin. Arafat was regarded by critics as a terrorist leader for many years. Kåre Kristiansen, a Norwegian member of the Nobel Committee, resigned in 1994 in protest at the awarding of a Nobel Peace Prize to Yasser Arafat, whom he labeled a “terrorist”.", "The Nobel Peace Prize was instigated on the request of Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel. Upon Nobel's death in 1896, he left a fund from the interest of which annual awards, called Nobel Prizes, were to be given for work in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, and literature, and toward the promotion of international peace. In a decision that sparked much controversy, the 14 October 1994 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded jointly to Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat, Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres.", "After a military career during which he became chief of staff for the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF), Yitzhak Rabin pursued a diplomatic, then later political, path that eventually led him to become prime minister. He succeeded Golda Meir in 1974 before stepping down three years later. Returning to power in 1992, he signed the Oslo Accords on September 13, 1993, and attempted to seal reconciliation with the Palestinians. He was rewarded for this historic initiative with the 1994 Nobel Peace Prize, which he received in the company of Yasser Arafat and Shimon Peres. On November 4, 1995, he was assassinated by a right-wing Israeli radical during a rally for peace in Tel Aviv.", "2 Peace Prizes have been shared between three persons. The 1994 Nobel Peace Prize to Yasser Arafat, Shimon Peres, Yitzhak Rabin, and the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize to Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Leymah Gbowee and Tawakkol Karman.", "In 1993, Rabin negotiated the Israel-PLO accords with Palestinian Liberation Organization leader Yasser Arafat, with the aim of sanctioning Israel's withdrawal from occupied territories and the hope of ending conflict between the two groups. In October 1994, Rabin also signed a peace treaty with King Hussein bin Talal of Jordan following secret negotiations. In December of that year, Rabin was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize along with Arafat and Peres, who was serving as Israel's foreign minister at the time.", "Born on March 1, 1922, in Jerusalem, Mandatory Palestine (since 1948, Israel), Yitzhak Rabin served as Israel's military chief of staff before becoming the country's first native-born prime minister in 1974. He reclaimed the post in the 1992 elections, and then became known for his historical peace negotiations with Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat, winning the Nobel Peace Prize in 1994. Rabin was killed by an extremist on November 4, 1995, in Tel Aviv.", "The prize was split among Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat and Israel's Shimon Peres and Yitzhak Rabin \"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East.\" Peres, with an unidentified aide, is pictured signing the agreement at the White House, Sept. 13, 1993. Looking on from left are Rabin, U.S. President Bill Clinton and Arafat.", "Born in Cairo in 1929, Yasser Arafat was named chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization 40 years later. From this post, he was at the forefront of years of violence, border disputes and the Palestinian liberation movement, all centering on neighboring Israel. Arafat signed a self-governing pact with Israel in 1991, at the Madrid Conference, and together with Israeli leaders made several attempts at lasting peace soon after, notably through the Oslo Accords (1993) and the Camp David Summit of 2000. Stemming from the Oslo Accords, Arafat and Israel's Yitzhak Rabin and Shimon Peres shared the Nobel Peace Prize, but the terms were never implemented. Arafat ceded his PLO chairman post in 2003, and died in Paris in 2004. In November 2013, Swiss researchers released a report containing evidence suggesting that his death was the result of poisoning.", "Controversial awards include the 1994 prize shared by Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat and Israeli leaders Shimon Peres and Yitzhak Rabin for Mideast peace efforts, as well as the joint prize to Secretary of State Henry Kissinger and North Vietnamese negotiator Le Duc Tho for a 1973 cease-fire agreement.", "Yitzhak Rabin was elected Prime Minister from 1974-1977 and then again in 1992. During his second time in office, Rabin was awarded a Nobel Peace Prize along with Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat after the two signed the historic Oslo Accords, a peace agreement that gave Palestinians more control over the West Bank and Gaza.", "From left, Yasser Arafat, Shimon Peres and Yitzhak Rabin won in 1994 \"to honor a political act which called for great courage on both sides, and which has opened up opportunities for a new development towards fraternity in the Middle East.\" REUTERS/Jerry Lampen", "In 1993, the Oslo Agreement (the Oslo Accords) brought the peace process significantly forward.  The basis for the prospective peace was to be a “land for peace” principle.  Based upon this agreement, Arafat recognized Israel’s right to exist. By signing the Oslo Agreement, Arafat and Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin established a framework and timetable for the Middle East peace process.  The process included the gradual transfer of control of parts of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip to the Palestinian Authority, which Arafat headed.  That year, both men shared the Nobel Peace Prize along with Israeli leader Shimon Peres.", "Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat, and two Israelis, the Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Foreign Minister Shimon Peres, have been named the winners of this year's Nobel peace prize.", "September 13, 1993 - PLO chairman Yasser Arafat and Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin shake hands on a Middle East peace deal.", "* Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Palestinian Prime Minister Yasser Arafat agree to the Peace Process at the culmination of the Oslo Accords, negotiated by the United States President Bill Clinton on 13 September 1993. By signing the Oslo accords, the Palestine Liberation Organization recognize Israel's right to exist, while Israel permitted the creation of an autonomous Palestinian National Authority consisting of the Gaza Strip and West Bank which was implemented in 1994. Israeli military forces withdraw from the Palestinian territories in compliance with the accord, which marked the end of the First Intifada (a period of violence between Palestinian Arab militants and Israeli armed forces from 1987 to 1993).", "Arafat’s critics have referred to him as an “unrepentant terrorist with a long legacy of promoting violence”. Kåre Kristiansen , a Norwegian member of the Nobel Committee, resigned in protest at Arafat’s award, calling him a “terrorist”. And Peres and Rabin were hardly peaceniks.", "PERES, SHIMON (1923- ) - From 1953 to 1959, Peres served as the Director General of the Defense Ministry.  In 1956, he spearheaded the Sinai Campaign and served as Prime Minister from 1984 to 1986 and, after Rabin's assassination, from November 1995 to May 1996.  In 1994 he won the Nobel Peace Prize for negotiations with the Palestinians that led to the signing of the Declaration of Principles.  He founded The Peres Center for Peace in 1996, and was appointed Minister of Foreign Affaris and Deputy Prime Minister under Sharon in March 2001, until his resignation in October 2002.  In January 2005, Peres became Vice Premier.", "The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded to Egyptian President Anwar al-Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin during October of 1978. They were awarded the prize for their work on the Camp David Accords which had been agreed upon during the previous month.", "In 1992, Yitzhak Rabin became Prime Minister following an election in which his party promoted compromise with Israel's neighbors. The following year, Shimon Peres and Mahmoud Abbas , on behalf of Israel and the PLO, signed the Oslo Accords, which gave the Palestinian National Authority the right to self-govern parts of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, in return for recognition of Israel's right to exist and an end to terrorism. In 1994, the Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace was signed, making Jordan the second Arab country to normalize relations with Israel. Public support for the Accords waned as Israel was struck by a wave of attacks from Palestinians. The November 1995 assassination of Yitzhak Rabin by a far-right-wing Jew, as he left a peace rally, shocked the country. At the end of the 1990s, Israel, under the leadership of Benjamin Netanyahu, withdrew from Hebron and signed the Wye River Memorandum, giving greater control to the Palestinian National Authority.", "The honored trio had come a long way to these public moments of recognition. Rabin was the only one born in what was then Palestine. His parents were immigrants from Russia, his father by way of the United States. Peres had come as a child with his parents from White Russia. Arafat was born of Palestinian parents in Cairo. He was only four when his mother died, and he spent the next four years with her family in Jerusalem, a period when the Palestinians were revolting against British rule. Arafat talks little about his early life, but one of his earliest memories is of the violent scene when British soldiers broke into his uncle's house after midnight, beat members of the family and smashed the furniture.", "1978: The Nobel Prize Committee announced that the Peace prize would go to President Anwar Sadat of Egypt and Prime Minister Menachem Begin of Israel for their effort in establishing peace between their two countries. They received their awards on 10 December 1978.", "1922-1995 - Yitzhak Rabin . - Israel PM 1974-77 & 1992-95. Signed Oslo Accords in 1993.", "In the days before the award ceremony in Oslo a newspaper headline declared, \"PEACE HANGS BY A THREAD.\" According to the Declaration of Principles, signed in Washington in September 1993, Israeli soldiers were to withdraw from population centers in the West Bank so that the Palestinians could proceed with free elections. With the continued threat of attacks on Israelis from Palestinian terrorists, however, Rabin was unwilling to deprive Jewish settlers of military protection. He insisted that Arafat restrain the Palestinian extremists before the elections could take place.", "Born in Jerusalem, Rabin was a leader of the Arab-Israeli war of 1948 and served as chief-of-staff of Israel’s armed forces during the Six-Day War of 1967. After serving as Israel’s ambassador to the United States, Rabin entered the Labour Party and became prime minister in 1974. As prime minister, he conducted the negotiations that resulted in a 1974 cease-fire with Syria and the 1975 military disengagement agreement between Israel and Egypt. In 1977, Rabin resigned as prime minister over a scandal involving his holding of bank accounts in the United States in violation of Israeli law. From 1984 to 1990, he served as his country’s defense minister." ]

[ 7.875, 7.625, 7.61328125, 6.9765625, 6.96875, 6.390625, 6.33203125, 6.1796875, 6.00390625, 5.88671875, 5.6484375, 5.6328125, 5.42578125, 5.265625, 5.22265625, 5.203125, 5.16015625, 4.6953125, 4.34375, 4.28515625, 3.4453125, 1.8798828125, 1.7734375, 0.46923828125, 0.396484375, -1.0673828125, -1.3828125, -3.00390625, -3.189453125, -3.552734375, -3.6796875, -4.34765625 ]

[ "William Clark Gable (February 1, 1901 â November 16, 1960) was an American film actor. Though arguably best known for his role as Rhett Butler in the 1939 epic Gone with the Wind, Gable starred in a number of well-known films, among them It Happened One Night (1934), Manhattan Melodrama (1934), Mutiny on the Bounty (1935), and The Misfits (1961). His performance in Gone with the Wind earned him his third nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor; he was also nominated for Mutiny on the Bounty and won for It Happened One Night.[1] Gable appeared opposite some of the most popular actresses of the time. Joan Crawford , who was his favorite actress to work with,[2] was partnered with Gable in eight films, Myrna Loy worked with him seven times, and he was paired with Jean Harlow in six productions. He also starred with Lana Turner in four features, and with Norma Shearer and Ava Gardner in three each. Gable's final film, The Misfits (1961), paired him with Marilyn Monroe (also in her last screen appeara ...", "Gable died in Los Angeles on November 16, 1960, aged 59, from a coronary thrombosis ten days after suffering a severe heart attack. There was much speculation that Gable's physically demanding role in The Misfits contributed to his sudden death soon after filming was completed. In an interview with Louella Parsons, published soon after Gable's death, Kay Gable was quoted as saying \"It wasn't the physical exertion that killed him. It was the horrible tension, the eternal waiting, waiting, waiting. He waited around forever, for everybody. He'd get so angry that he'd just go ahead and do anything to keep occupied.\" Monroe said that she and Kay had become close during the filming and would refer to Clark as \"Our Man\", while Arthur Miller, observing Gable on location, noted that \"no hint of affront ever showed on his face\".", "Newspaper reports the following day listed his condition as satisfactory. By the morning of November 16 he seemed to be improving. But he died that evening, age 59, from an arterial blood clot. Medical staff did not perform CPR for fear that the procedure would rupture Gable's heart, and a defibrillator was not available. There was speculation that Gable's physically demanding role in The Misfits contributed to his sudden death soon after filming was completed. In an interview with Louella Parsons, published soon after Gable's death, Kay Gable said, \"It wasn't the physical exertion that killed him. It was the horrible tension, the eternal waiting, waiting, waiting. He waited around forever, for everybody. He'd get so angry that he'd just go ahead and do anything to keep occupied.\" Monroe said that she and Kay had become close during the filming and would refer to Clark as \"Our Man\", while Arthur Miller, observing Gable on location, noted, \"no hint of affront ever showed on his face\". Others have blamed Gable's crash diet before filming began. The Gable weighed about at the time of Gone with the Wind, but by his late 50s, he weighed. To get in shape for The Misfits, he dropped to. Read Less", "Clark Gable's Oscar® nomination for \"It Happened One Night\" was his first of three, but his only win. He was also nominated for \"Mutiny on the Bounty\" in 1935 and for his best-known role as Rhett Butler in 1939's \"Gone With the Wind.\" Gable was one of the most popular movie stars throughout much of the 1930s and 40s and was voted \"The King of Hollywood\" in a poll in 1938. He remained a box office draw throughout his career. His last film, \"The Misfits,\" was completed shortly before his death and was also co-star Marilyn Monroe's last film.", "Gable is best known for his role as Rhett Butler in the 1939 epic Gone with the Wind, for which he earned an Oscar nomination for Best Actor. \"Frankly, my dear, I don't give a damn\" is one of the most famous lines in cinema, and his legend grew from that much-quoted line. However, it was 5 years earlier, in 1934, that he won an Academy Award for his performance in Frank Capra's classic It Happened One Night. His other well-known films include Mutiny on the Bounty (1935) and The Misfits (1961), Gable's final film. ", "William Clark Gable (February 1, 1901 – November 16, 1960) was an American film actor, nicknamed &quot;The King of Hollywood&quot; in his heyday. In 1999, the American Film Institute named Gable seventh among the greatest male stars of all time.<br/><br/>Gable's most famous role was Rhett Butler in the 1939 Civil War epic film Gone with the Wind, in which he starred with Vivien Leigh. His performance earned him his third nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor; he won for It Happened One Night (1934) and was also nominated for Mutiny on the Bounty (1935). Later performances were in Run Silent, Run Deep, a submarine war film, and his final film, The Misfits (1961), which paired Gable with Marilyn Monroe, also in her last screen appearance.<br/><br/>During his long film career, Gable appeared opposite some of the most popular actresses of the time. Joan Crawford, who was his favorite actress to work with, was partnered with Gable in eight films, Myrna Loy was with him seven times, and he was paired with Jean Harlow in six productions. He also starred with Lana Turner in four features, and with Norma Shearer in three. Gable was often named the top male star in the mid-30s, and was second only to the top box-office draw of all, Shirley Temple.", "After wife Carole Lombard's death in 1942, Gable joined the Air Force and was decorated for his combat missions. He died of a heart attack in 1960, immediately after the strenuous filming of The Misfits (1961) with Marilyn Monroe.", "Marilyn Monroe was his last on-screen partner. His role as a troubled cowboy in 'The Misfits' in 1961 proved to be his last. Shortly after they finished filming, he died of a heart attack. His wife Kay gave birth to their first child in March 1961, after his death, and named him John Clark Gable.", "Playing a cowboy in his last film, The Misfits (1961), which was also the final film for co-star Marilyn Monroe , the aging Gable diligently performed his own stunts, taking its toll on his already guarded health. He died from a heart attack before the film was released.", "Director Howard Hawks had long intended to make Hatari! (1962) with Gable and John Wayne . However, by the time filming began Gable was already dead.", "Gable returned to their Encino ranch and carried out her funeral wishes as she had requested in her will. A month later, he returned to the studio to work with Lana Turner in the movie Somewhere I'll Find You. Having lost 20 pounds since the tragedy, Gable evidently was emotionally and physically devastated by it, but Turner stated that Gable remained a professional for the duration of filming. He acted in 27 more films and remarried twice more. \"But he was never the same,\" said Esther Williams. \"He had been devastated by Carole's death.\"", "William Clark Gable was born on February 1, 1901 in Cadiz, OH. One of Hollywood's most popular leading men, Clark Gable was nominated for three Best Actor Oscars and appeared in over 70 films from 1924 until his death in 1960. He got his nickname \"The King\" when he won a popularity poll in 1936 and The New York Daily News crowned him \"King of Hollywood\". (Incidently, Myrna Loy received the honor for the women and was crowned queen at the same mock ceremony). Clark Gable was known for his portrayals of rough, masterful, romantic heroes.", "In 1939, Clark married his third wife, Carole Lombard, but tragedy struck in 1942 when the actress died in a plane crash while returning from a war bond drive. A grief-stricken Gable then volunteered for service. He put his movie career on hold, joined the US Army Air Force, and was off the screen for 3 years. He trained as an aerial gunner and flew 5 combat missions over Europe. While serving as a captain, he also made training films, including Combat America, produced by the United States Army Air Forces. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and Air Medal. It was rumored that Adolf Hitler offered a huge reward to anyone who was able to capture and return Gable to him alive! After the war, he continued with his film career.", "In the days before dialysis and kidney transplants, nothing could be done and Jean died on June 7, 1937. The film had to be finished using long angle shots and a double, Mary Dees. Clark Gable was reported to have said that he felt as if he was \"in the arms of a ghost.\" After a large Hollywood funeral organized by Louis B. Mayer of MGM, Jean was buried in the mausoleum in Forest Lawn Glendale, in Los Angeles.", " Clark Gable and Marilyn Monroe, play a scene in \"The Misfits\" in this undated file photo. It turned out to be the last movie for both in 1961.", "[on Clark Gable ] Clark Gable was highly professional. He was a bigger star than we can create today. I was just a mini-star when we did Gone with the Wind (1939). I was afraid to talk to him. People can't understand it now, but we were in awe. Clark Gable didn't open supermarkets.", "The King of Hollywood- this is how he was called. Clark Gable was an Oscar winning actor that played one of the most significant roles in the cinema, Rhett Butler from the movie “Gone with the Wind” (1939). His life was full with adventures and marriages with the biggest Hollywood actresses.", "The final film of stars Clark Gable and Marilyn Monroe is an elegy for the death of the Old West from writer Arthur Miller and director John Huston. Gable stars as Gay Langland, an aging hand traveling the byways and working at rodeos with his two comrades, Guido (Eli Wallach) and young Perce Howland (Montgomery Clift). The three men come up with a plan to corral some misfit mustangs and sell them for dog food, but Gay's new girlfriend Roslyn Taber (Marilyn Monroe), a high-minded ex-stripper who has just divorced her husband Ray (Kevin McCarthy) in Reno, is appalled by the plan. Although both Guido and Perce are also in love with Roslyn, she stands by Gay, sure that in the end he will do the right thing, even as he and his pals begin their planned roundup.", "His performance in 'It Happened One Night', which was made in 1934 when MGM had loaned the actor to Columbia Studios as a punishment for refusing to make a film with MGM, earned him a 'Best Actor' Oscar, and in 1937 he was crowned King of Hollywood. Directors knew that with Clark Gable they were assured a box-office hit.", "William Clark Gable died on November 16, 1960. Just four short months later, on March 20, 1961, Clark's fifth wife Kay Spreckels, gave birth to the son Clark had always longed for, John Clark Gable.", "William Clark Gable was born on February 1, 1901 in Cadiz, Ohio, to Adeline (Hershelman) and William Henry Gable, an oil-well driller. He was of German, Irish, and Swiss-German descent. When he was seven months old, his mother died, and his father sent him to live with his maternal aunt and uncle in Pennsylvania, where he stayed until he was two. His father then returned to take him back to Cadiz. At 16, he quit high school, went to work in an Akron, Ohio, tire factory, and decided to become an actor after seeing the play \"The Bird of Paradise\". He toured in stock companies, worked oil fields and sold ties. On December 13, 1924, he married Josephine Dillon , his acting coach and 15 years his senior. Around that time, they moved to Hollywood, so that Clark could concentrate on his acting career. In April 1930, they divorced and a year later, he married Maria Langham (a.k.a. Maria Franklin Gable ), also about 17 years older than him.", "December 23rd – Forsaking All Others is released, starring Joan Crawford, Clark Gable, and Robert Montgomery. The film is mostly remembered for its behind the scenes drama, where its original script as shot included copious references and implications of extramarital sex as well as scenes of Clark Gable spanking Joan Crawford. The PCA refused to allow the film to be released and demanded retakes. Arguments about the movie became so fierce that PCA head Joseph Breen actually ended one stand off by punching director W.S. Van Dyke in the nose. With no other choice, MGM acquiesced and did reshoots to tone down the movie. Van Dyke refused to be a part of them.", "11/6/60: Gable was devastated to learn of the unexpected death of his close friend Ward Bond from a heart attack. Shortly afterwards Gable himself suffered a massive heart attack, and died ten days later in the hospital.", "Clark Gable was born in Ohio, to William Henry Gable, an oil-well driller, and Adeline in 1901. His mother baptised him as a Catholic and died of a brain tumour when he was just seven months old.", "Gable was the public’s first choice to play Rhett Butler in the highly anticipated film version of Margaret Mitchell’s novel. MGM happily loaned his services to David O. Selznick in exchange for distribution rights. Not happy with the emphasis George Cukor was putting on Vivien Leigh and Olivia de Havilland, Gable famously had the esteemed director fired and replaced by his friend Victor Fleming. While Gable’s performance was flawless, four women, Leigh, de Havilland, Hattie McDaniel and Butterfly McQueen are surely his equal. Oscars nods for Gable and de Havilland, wins for Leigh and McDaniel, as well as Best Picture Director and four more.", "Clark Gable gave a damn about racism on the set of Gone With the Wind |", "Directed by John Huston. Starring Clark Gable, Marilyn Monroe, Montgomery Clift, Thelma Ritter, Eli Wallach, Kevin McCarthy.", "In 1942, following Lombard's death, Gable joined the U.S. Army Air Forces. Lombard had suggested that Gable enlist as part of the war effort, but MGM was reluctant to let him go, and he resisted the suggestion. Gable made a public statement after Lombard's death that prompted the Commanding General of the U.S. Army Air Forces Henry H. \"Hap\" Arnold to offer Gable a \"special assignment\" in aerial gunnery. Gable had earlier expressed an interest in officer candidate school, but he enlisted on August 12, 1942, with the intention of becoming an enlisted aerial gunner on a bomber. MGM arranged for his studio friend, the cinematographer Andrew McIntyre, to enlist with him and accompany him through training.", "Cast: Charles Laughton, Clark Gable, Franchot Tone, Herbert Mundin, Eddie Quillan, Dudley Digges, Donald Crisp, Henry Stephenson, Franics Lister, Spring Byinton, Movita, Mamo Clark, Byron Russell, Percy Waram, David Torrence", "(1901-1960) iconic American actor nicknamed \"The King of Hollywood\" in his heyday. In 1999, the American Film Institute named Gable seventh among the Greatest Male Stars of All Time.", "The film had three premieres: Atlanta, New York and Los Angeles. Even though Gable attended the Atlanta and Los Angeles premieres (with Carole Lombard), he did not see the film in its entirety until the 1950’s. At the Atlanta premiere, he spent half the film chatting with Margaret Mitchell and sources say by the second half he had fallen asleep. At the Los Angeles premiere, the Gables, accompanied by Raoul Walsh and Marion Davies, spent the entire running time of the film in the theater manager’s office getting drunk.", "“He had a bit part where he played a drunk in a bar scene,” Julien told Vieira. “He had amazing access all through the film. A lot of the clips are of Clark Gable. You can see Clark’s humored by him.”" ]

[ 5.83203125, 4.60546875, 4.0859375, 3.818359375, 3.048828125, 2.80078125, 2.41015625, 2.25390625, 1.8984375, 1.87109375, 0.357421875, -0.1240234375, -0.492919921875, -0.50830078125, -0.51904296875, -0.5576171875, -0.56982421875, -1.28125, -1.296875, -1.486328125, -2.1796875, -2.4140625, -3.369140625, -3.60546875, -4.453125, -4.6953125, -4.9609375, -5.41015625, -5.73828125, -5.765625, -6.09765625, -6.796875 ]

[ "At President Francois Mitterand’s funeral in 1996, his wife and his long term mistress stood side-by-side at the grave, accompanied by their respective legitimate and illegitimate children . Although the press made no comment, the existence of his illegitimate daughter Mazarine was revealed by the popular magazine Paris-Match in 1994, just months before he left office. Mitterrand concealed the fact for years.", "France's last Socialist president, François Mitterrand, kept a whole second family on the go while married. He had a daughter, Mazarine, with his long-time mistress, Anne Pingeot. Both attended his funeral in 1996 alongside his wife, Danielle.", "Call it an American tragedy. It is not that Europe doesn't have philandering politicians. It is that they are less likely to lie about it. I can remember the funeral of former French President Francois Mitterrand in 1996 when his wife of some 50 years and his mistress and illegitimate daughter stood side-by-side in accordance with his dying wish.", "Grand Duke Jean of Luxembourg, right, speaks with Cuban President Fidel Castro, center, as Monaco's Prince Rainier looks on at left, as they attend the funeral Mass for former President Francois Mitterrand at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, Thursday Jan. 11, 1996. Kings, princes and presidents descended on Paris for a somber, stately farewell to Mitterrand, the man who led France longer than anyone else this century.", "For more details on sex life of French politicians, see Sexus Politicus (Dubois, Deloire), which premise is that in France, a successful politician is also a seductive politician. Prime Minister Edgar Faure mused when he gained the lofty title of “president of the Council,” “When I was a minister, some women resisted me. Once I became president, not even one.” President from 1895 to 1899, Félix Faure, who was not related, died in the bed of his mistress.", "François Mitterrand was born on October 26, 1916, in Jarnac, France. Mitterrand served with the French forces during World War II. In 1971, he became secretary of the Socialist Party and tried to unify the French Left. He was elected president in 1981 and was re-elected in 1988, retiring at the end of that term. In 1991, Mitterrand appointed France's first female prime minister, Edith Cresson. He retired after completing his second term in office in 1995, and died in Paris in 1996.", "Jacques René Chirac (/ʒɑːk ʃᵻˈræk/; French pronunciation: [ʒak ʃi.ʁak]; born 29 November 1932) is a French politician, who served as the President of France from 1995 to 2007. He served as Prime Minister of France from 1974 to 1976 and from 1986 to 1988, and as Mayor of Paris from 1977 to 1995. After completing his degree at the Institut d'études politiques de Paris (Sciences Po), a term at Harvard University and the École nationale d'administration (ENA), Chirac began his career as a high-level civil servant, and soon entered politics. ... (展开) He occupied various senior positions, including Minister of Agriculture, Minister of the Interior, Prime Minister, Mayor of Paris, and finally President of the French Republic. Chirac's internal policies included lower tax rates, the removal of price controls, strong punishment for crime and terrorism, and business privatisation. He also argued for more socially responsible economic policies, and was elected in 1995 after campaigning on a platform of healing the \"social rift\" (fracture sociale). After less statist policy when he was Prime Minister (1986–1988), he changed his method. Then, his economic policies, based on dirigisme, state-directed ideals, stood in opposition to the laissez-faire policies of the United Kingdom, which Chirac famously described as \"Anglo-Saxon ultraliberalism\". On 15 December 2011, the Paris court declared him guilty of diverting public funds and abusing public confidence, and gave Chirac a two-year suspended prison sentence.", "Jacques Chirac, in full Jacques René Chirac (born November 29, 1932, Paris , France ), French politician, who served as the country’s president (1995–2007) and prime minister (1974–76, 1986–88).", "His name is often shortened to \"VGE\" by the French media . A less flattering nickname is l'Ex (the Ex ), used mostly by the weekly satirical newspaper Le Canard enchaîné . He was the only surviving ex-president since he left office until the end of Jacques Chirac 's term on 16 May 2007, with the exception of a brief period between François Mitterrand's retirement in 1995 and death in early 1996.", "Jacques René Chirac is a French politician who served as President of France from 1995 to 2007. He previously served as Prime Minister of France from 1974 to 1976 and from 1986 to 1988 (making him the only person to hold the position of Prime Minister twice under the Fifth Republic), and as Mayor of Paris from 1977 to 1995.", "This is, after all, the country in which President François Mitterrand concealed for years the existence of a daughter born out of wedlock. It was disclosed by the popular magazine Paris-Match in 1994, just months before he left office, and both of his families attended his funeral two years later.", "Mitterrand died in Paris on 8 January 1996 at the age of 79 from prostate cancer, a condition he and his doctors had concealed for most of his presidency (see section on Medical Secrecy below). A few days before his death, he was joined by family members and close friends for a \"last meal\" that attracted controversy because, in addition to other gourmet dishes, it included the serving of roast ortolan bunting, a small wild songbird that is a protected species whose sale is (and was at the time) illegal in France. ", "An article on Oct. 17 about a new book on the sex lives of French politicians misidentified the former leader who died in the bed of his mistress. It was Félix Faure, the president from 1895 to 1899 — not Edgar Faure, a prime minister in the 1950’s who had the title “president of the Council.” (Edgar, who was not related to Félix, also fancied himself a lady’s man. As quoted in the article, Edgar said, “When I was a minister, some women resisted me. Once I became president, not even one.”)", "In 1997 Chirac took a big gamble and called an early parliamentary election for June. The move backfired. Chirac remained president but his party, the Rassemblement Pour la République (RPR; Rally for the Republic), lost support, and a coalition of Socialists, Communists and Greens came to power. Lionel Jospin, a former minister of education in the Mitterrand government (who, most notably, promised the French people a shorter working week for the same pay), became prime minister. France had once again entered into a period of cohabitation – with Chirac on the other side of the table this time around.", "As mayor of Neuilly, Sarkozy met Cécilia Ciganer-Albeniz (great-granddaughter of composer Isaac Albéniz and of a Russian father), when he officiated at her weddingto TV host Jacques Martin. In 1989, Ciganer-Albeniz left Martin for Sarkozy. After a divorce lasting four months, Sarkozy married her in October 1996 (with witnesses Martin Bouygues and Bernard Arnault). They have one son, Louis, born in 1997.", "File photo dated 12/02/1986 of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher with French President Francois Mitterrand as according to official papers made public Mrs Thatcher appeared to change plans to avoid a car journey with Mr Mitterrand.", "François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand (October 26, 1916 – January 8, 1996) was a French politician. He was elected President of France in May 1981, re-elected in 1988 and held office until 1995.", "Sarkozy was named the 68th best-dressed person in the world by Vanity Fair, alongside David Beckham and Brad Pitt. However, Sarkozy has also been named as the third worst-dressed person in the world by GQ, a listing that has been disputed. Beside publicizing, at times, and at others, refusing to publicise his ex-wife Cécilia Ciganer-Albéniz's image, Sarkozy takes care of his own personal image, sometimes to the point of censorship—such as in the Paris Match affair, when he allegedly forced its director to resign following an article on his ex-wife and her affair with Publicis executive Richard Attias, or pressures exercised on the Journal du dimanche, which was preparing to publish an article concerning Ciganer-Albéniz's decision not to vote in the second round of the 2007 presidential election. In its 9 August 2007 edition, Paris Match retouched a photo of Sarkozy in order to erase a love handle. His official portrait destined for all French town halls was done by Sipa Press photographer Philippe Warrin, better known for his paparazzi work.Chloé Leprince, [http://rue89.com/2007/08/21/pour-le-nouveau-president-la-rupture-commence-par-limage Pour le nouveau Président, la rupture commence par l'image], Rue 89, 21 August 2007 ", "Although she was denied a funeral mass by Cardinal Maurice Feltin because of her lifestyle, her funeral procession drew tens of thousands of mourners onto the streets of Paris and the ceremony at the cemetery was attended by more than 100,000 fans. Charles Aznavour recalled that Piaf's funeral procession was the only time since the end of World War II that he saw Parisian traffic come to a complete stop.", "She met François Hollande during the parliamentary elections of 1988 while he was living with Ségolène Royal. They began their relationship in 2007, while she was still married, and made it public in October 2010 after her divorce was publicized.", "Gorbachev (left) with former Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher at the funeral of Ronald Reagan , 11 June 2004", "French President-elect Francois Hollande's companion Valerie Trierweiler, right, shakes hands with outgoing President Nicolas Sarkozy's wife Carla Bruni-Sarkozy before the presidential handover ceremony, on May 15, 2012 at the Elysee Palace in Paris. (Jacques Brinon / AP) Share Back to slideshow navigation", "Diana remained the object of worldwide media scrutiny during and after her marriage, which ended in divorce on 28 August 1996. Media attention and public mourning were extensive after her death in a car crash in Paris on 31 August 1997 and subsequent televised funeral.", "When Denis died in 2003, his wife paid tribute: \"Being PM is a lonely job. In a sense, it ought to be � you cannot lead from a crowd. But with Denis there I was never alone. What a man. What a husband. What a friend.\"", "For over thirty years, his partner was fellow Socialist politician Ségolène Royal, with whom he has four children: Thomas (1984), Clémence (1985), Julien (1987) and Flora (1992). In June 2007, just a month after Royal's defeat in the French presidential election of 2007, the couple announced that they were separating. ", "On 31 August 1997, a year after the Prince and Princess divorced, Diana was killed in a car crash in Paris , along with her companion Dodi Fayed and driver Henri Paul . The Prince of Wales overruled the palace protocol experts– who argued that as Diana was no longer a member of the Royal Family, the responsibility for her funeral arrangements belonged to her blood relatives, the Spencers – and flew to Paris, with Diana's sisters, to accompany his ex-wife's body home. He also insisted that, as the mother of the presumed future king (her son William), she be given a formal royal funeral; a new category of formal funeral was especially created for her.", "In 1970, Depardieu married Élisabeth Guignot, with whom he had two children, actor Guillaume (1971–2008) and actress Julie (1973). On 28 January 1992, while separated from Élisabeth, he had a daughter, Roxanne, with the model Karine Silla. In 1996 he divorced Élisabeth and began a relationship with actress Carole Bouquet, who was his partner from 1997 to 2005. ", "Early in 1997, he held a 50th birthday party, costumed as Louis XIV, for 500 friends. He performed with the surviving members of Queen in Paris at the opening night (17 January 1997) of Le Presbytère N'a Rien Perdu De Son Charme Ni Le Jardin De Son Éclat, a work by French ballet legend Maurice Béjart which draws upon AIDS and the deaths of Freddie Mercury and the company's principal dancer Jorge Donn. Later in 1997, two close friends died: designer Gianni Versace was murdered; Diana, Princess of Wales died in a Paris car crash on 31 August. ", "Following her separation from Bailey, Deneuve had a relationship with actor Marcello Mastroianni, with whom she co-starred in five films. Deneuve gave birth to their daughter, Chiara Mastroianni, on 28 May 1972. The couple split in 1975 but remained friends. Deneuve was present at his bedside when he died of pancreatic cancer on December 19, 1996.", "Bourguiba married Wassila ben Ammar, a Tunisian from a prominent family, in 1961, the year he divorced his first wife, Mathilde Lorrain. Ben Ammar was seen as a power within the presidency, and she sought a more open and democratic society and an orderly aftermath to Bourguiba's presidency. But he divorced her in 1986 after banishing her. She died in 1999.", "Beauvoir saw the passing of her lifelong companion in 1980, which is recounted in her 1981 book, La Cérémonie des Adieux (Adieux: A Farewell to Sartre). Following the death of Sartre, Beauvoir officially adopted her companion, Sylvie le Bon, who became her literary executor. Beauvoir died of a pulmonary edema on April 14, 1986.", "In 2003 Denis, her constant companion, died; they had been married 52 years. More than any political knocks, it was a devastating loss." ]

[ 5.9921875, 5.88671875, 5.83984375, 0.57421875, 0.156982421875, -0.055938720703125, -0.62255859375, -1.2412109375, -1.3447265625, -1.482421875, -1.7626953125, -1.8359375, -2.7734375, -3.513671875, -3.912109375, -4.3046875, -4.62890625, -4.77734375, -5.37109375, -5.80859375, -5.84375, -6.46484375, -6.6484375, -6.8125, -7.10546875, -8, -8.4765625, -9.2109375, -9.28125, -9.515625, -10.0703125, -10.375 ]

[ "Bernard Charles \"Bernie\" Ecclestone (born 28 October 1930) is a British business magnate. He is the chief executive of the Formula One Group, which manages Formula One and controls the commercial rights to the sport, and part-owns Delta Topco, the ultimate parent company of the Formula One Group. As such, he is generally considered the primary authority in Formula One racing and is most commonly described in tabloid journalism as \"F1 Supremo\". ", "Beginning in the 1970s, Bernie Ecclestone rearranged the management of Formula One's commercial rights; he is widely credited with transforming the sport into the billion-dollar business it is today.<ref name=\"guardian280397\">{{#if: The Formula for Striking It Rich", "Begun in 1950 and currently run by the Formula One Group headed up by Bernie Ecclestone, it is the fastest road course racing sport in the world, with cars able to reach speeds of 320km/h. It is the most popular form of motor racing in the world.", "Mr Ecclestone, a British billionaire, is the president and chief executive of Formula One Management and Formula One Administration and a part-owner of Alpha Prema, the parent of the Formula One Group of companies.", "British businessman Bernie Ecclestone owned Brabham during most of the 1970s and 1980s, and later become responsible for administrating the commercial aspects of Formula One. Ecclestone sold the team in 1988. Its last owner was the Middlebridge Group, a Japanese engineering firm. Midway through the 1992 season, the team collapsed financially as Middlebridge was unable to make repayments against loans provided by Landhurst Leasing. The case was investigated by the UK Serious Fraud Office.", "We reveal how F1 made billions for investor and owner CVC and the sport’s ringmaster, Bernie Ecclestone", "British businessman Bernie Ecclestone owned Brabham during most of the 1970s and 1980s, and later became responsible for administering the commercial aspects of Formula One. Ecclestone sold the team in 1988. Its last owner was the Middlebridge Group, a Japanese engineering firm. Midway through the 1992 season, the team collapsed financially as Middlebridge was unable to make repayments against loans provided by Landhurst Leasing. The case was investigated by the United Kingdom Serious Fraud Office. In 2009, an unsuccessful attempt was made by a German organisation to enter the 2010 Formula One season using the Brabham name.", "Bernie Ecclestone, the Formula One supremo, asked Fred Goodwin for help in financing a takeover bid by the venture capitalists CVC Partners in 2005", "The individual Award for Outstanding Contribution to Sports Event Management was won by Formula 1 supremo Bernie Ecclestone for his pivotal role in creating one of the world’s most powerful sports properties developing its global presence and appeal by embracing events beyond its traditional heartlands.", "F1 launched in 1950 but it remained an amateur past time until Mr Ecclestone’s involvement in the 1970s. He has been single-handedly responsible for the most crucial developments in transforming it into the world’s most-watched annual sports series with 425 million television viewers last year. If it wasn’t for his commercial drive, F1’s ten teams would not have the cash to keep their wheels turning and employ the drivers that the fans follow.", "The new organization, for the moment at least, is likely to be supported by Bernie Ecclestone, an ally of Walker, who is also opposed to rule changes that may effect the spectacle of the sport and had threatened to sue the FIA over the proposed engine changes. However, in the long term the issue of the cost of hosting races will almost certainly reach the agenda, which may prove more troublesome, with many of the non-government backed circuits finding it increasingly difficult to meet the prices demanded by F1.", "With Bernie Ecclestone, the F1 kingpin, he has inspired fear and respect in equal measure, mostly notably, perhaps, in the 2005 F1 civil war, when he successfully thwarted a bid by the teams to take over the running of the sport. But some recent statements have offended sports insiders to a degree that may count against him. Of three-time F1 world champion, Sir Jackie Stewart, he said in December: 'He knows nothing about sports governance. Because he never stops talking, he doesn't know much about anything, actually. He just talks.'", "As Bernie Ecclestone threatens to say goodbye to one legendary track , it is time for another to remind him that there is more to Formula One than money. Silverstone returns this weekend as it hosts the British Grands Prix, one of the most prestigious races on the calendar.", "After retirement, Brabham sold his team to Bernie Ecclestone, the Briton who would go on to run the sport, and returned to Australia. He was knighted for services to motor sport in 1979.", "Ecclestone became chief executive of FOCA in 1978 with Mosley as his legal advisor; together, they negotiated a series of legal issues with the FIA and Jean-Marie Balestre, culminating in Ecclestone's famous coup, his securing the right for FOCA to negotiate television contracts for the Grands Prix. For this purpose Ecclestone established Formula One Promotions and Administration, giving 47% of television revenues to teams, 30% to the FIA, and 23% to FOPA (i.e. Ecclestone himself); in return, FOPA put up the prize money – grand prix could literally be translated from French as \"big prize\".", "In the interest of making the sport truer to its designation as a World Championship, FOM president Bernie Ecclestone has initiated and organized a number of Grands Prix in new countries and continues to discuss new future races. The sport's rapid expansion into new areas of the globe also leaves some question as to which races will be cut.", "Ecclestone long has run the international motor-racing series and has an estimated net worth of $4.2 billion", "While the banks' 75% stake in F1 cost $1.2bn, the total cost of the sport came to much more than that. CVC paid $500m for the 25% owned by Ecclestone's trust and in 2006 it spent an estimated $300m on buying F1's corporate hospitality and trackside advertising divisions. This move was crucial to the success of CVC's strategy since it brought all of F1's money-making divisions under one roof for the first time and the teams were then offered a 50% share in the sport's total profit. This doubled the teams' take and just two months after CVC bought into F1 they signed a new draft of the Concorde Agreement from 2008 to the end of year 2012.", "As Ecclestone had foreseen, individual Grand Prix events were melding into a single potent F1 brand. Team names like Tyrell and drivers such as Jacky Ickx and James Hunt gained renown. Sylvester Stallone, George Harrison and Arnold Schwarzenegger showed up at races, as well as political figures like the German chancellor Helmut Kohl.", "On 3 September 2007, it was announced that Ecclestone and Flavio Briatore had bought Queen Park Rangers (QPR) Football Club. In December 2007, they were joined as co-owners by businessman Lakshmi Mittal, the 5th richest person in the world, who bought 20% of the club. On 17 December 2010 it was announced that Ecclestone had purchased the majority of shares from Flavio Briatore becoming the majority shareholder with 62% of the shares. ", "The 1950 British Grand Prix was the first Formula One World Championship race. Since then, Britain has produced some of the greatest drivers in the sport, including; Stirling Moss, Jim Clark (twice F1 champion), Graham Hill (only driver to have won the Triple Crown), Jackie Stewart (three time F1 champion), James Hunt, Nigel Mansell (only man to hold F1 and IndyCar titles at the same time) and Lewis Hamilton. The British Grand Prix is held at Silverstone every July. Other major sporting events in the UK include the London Marathon, and The Boat Race on the River Thames. Cycling is a popular physical activity in the UK. In 1888, inventor Frank Bowden founded the Raleigh Bicycle Company, and by 1913, Raleigh was the biggest bicycle manufacturing company in the world. In 1965 Tom Simpson became the first British world road race champion, and in 2012 Bradley Wiggins became the first British Tour de France winner. Track cyclist Chris Hoy is Britain's most successful Olympian.", "Lewis Hamilton, in full Lewis Carl Hamilton (born January 7, 1985, Stevenage, England ), British race-car driver who was one of the most successful Formula One (F1) Grand Prix racing drivers of the early 21st century. In 2008 he won his first F1 world drivers’ championship, becoming the first black driver to capture that title.", "Lewis Carl Davidson Hamilton, MBE (born 7 January 1985) is a British Formula One racing driver from England, currently racing for the Mercedes AMG Petronas team. He is the , and Formula One World Champion.", "Lewis Hamilton’s idol has always been Ayrton Senna – but not when it comes to negotiating contracts. The Formula One world champion has just completed a three-year deal with Mercedes worth £100m , making him not only the best-paid British sportsman in the world but also the highest remunerated driver in F1 history.", "Even in Casablanca, where Hawthorn would seal his title, tragedy would be close at hand. As the new World Champion celebrated his victory through the night, the Vanwall team flew back to England in a chartered Viscount with their grievously burned third driver Stuart Lewis-Evans. His Vanwall's engine had seized and after the resulting crash his car had caught fire. He would die some days later and amongst the mourners would be his close friend and adviser, a certain Bernie Ecclestone.", "Ecclestone was a victim of theft in March 2005: two wheels were stolen from his car while it was parked outside his London home. The car, a brand new Mercedes-Benz CLS55 AMG, was said to be the first of its kind in Britain. On Friday, 17 June 2005, Ecclestone made American headlines with his reply to a question about Danica Patrick's fourth-place finish at the Indianapolis 500, during an interview with Indianapolis television station WRTV: \"She did a good job, didn't she? Super. Didn't think she'd be able to make it like that. You know, I've got one of these wonderful ideas that women should be all dressed in white like all the other domestic appliances.\" (Following Danica Patrick's 2008 victory at Twin Ring Motegi, Ecclestone personally sent her a congratulatory letter). Two days later, Ecclestone saw 14 of 20 cars refuse to race in the 2005 United States Grand Prix at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. The seven teams who refused to participate, stating concern over the safety of their Michelin tyres, requested rule changes and/or a change to the track configuration. Despite a series of meetings between Ecclestone, Max Mosley, and the team principals, no compromise was reached by race time, and Ecclestone became an object of the public's frustration at the resultant six-car race. Despite him not having caused the problem, fans and journalists blamed him for failing to take control and enforce a solution, given the position of power in which he had placed himself.", "In 2010, his personal fortune was estimated at £515 million. He reportedly received a salary of £21 million each year from the Mercedes team, plus a further £9 million in endorsements. ", "After Ecclestone sold the team in 1987, ownership passed eventually to the Middlebridge Group, a Japanese engineering firm. Midway through the 1992 season the team collapsed after Middlebridge was unable to continue making repayments against loans provided by Landhurst Leasing. The case was investigated by the UK Serious Fraud Office.", "In his time, Michael Schumacher was the highest paid sportsman, ahead of Tiger Woods and Arnold Palmer. (Not including sponsorship endorsements.)", "Rubens made his debut at the South African Grand Prix in Kyalami and has since accumulated 11 wins, 68 podiums, 658 career points, 14 pole positions and 17 fastest laps. Many of these were achieved as Michael Schumacher’s teammate. In 2010, he became the first driver to reach the 300-race mark. Barrichello is the incumbent chairman of the Grand Prix Drivers’ Association.", "In the Belgian Grand Prix , Hamilton snatched the lead from Rosberg at the start, but later received a puncture on lap 2 after Rosberg clipped his tyre at Les Combes. The debris damaged his car floor, forcing him to eventually retire from the race at the end of lap 39. [11] Hamilton set pole position in Italy , but fell back into fourth place at the start due to a technical problem. However, he was to able to catch up, and took the lead after Rosberg went straight across the chicane at Turn 1, going on to win the race. [12] Hamilton took his seventh win of 2014 as well as the Drivers' Championship in the Singapore Grand Prix , [13] after Rosberg retired with electrical problems. [14] Hamilton went on to take three more consecutive wins in Japan , [15] Russia [16] and the United States , earning his 32nd career victory compared to other British drivers. [17] [18] He finished second behind Rosberg in Brazil , after he spun off the track on lap 28 while Rosberg was taking a pit stop, which Hamilton took his pit stop at the end of the same lap the spin occurred on. [19] He won the final race in Abu Dhabi, becoming World Champion of 2014 as well as the fourth British driver to win more than one title. He stated in the podium interview that \"it is the greatest day of my life.\" [20]", "For the 2011 Brazilian Grand Prix, Hamilton wore a special helmet that was a fusion of his post 2011 helmet, and that of Ayrton Senna. The helmet was auctioned after the race in aid of the Ayrton Senna Foundation. " ]

[ 3.34375, 2, 1.9658203125, 1.23828125, 1.1044921875, 0.5791015625, 0.44921875, 0.328857421875, 0.263671875, -0.53515625, -0.5673828125, -0.580078125, -0.638671875, -0.65869140625, -0.76904296875, -0.91015625, -1.1796875, -2.0703125, -2.076171875, -2.263671875, -3.640625, -4.19140625, -4.609375, -5.05078125, -5.3359375, -6.03515625, -7.7265625, -8.28125, -8.5546875, -9.875, -10.265625, -10.78125 ]

[ "Sadat, (Muhammad) Anwar ( al-) (1918–81) Egyptian statesman, president (1970–81). He was vice president (1964–66, 1969–70) to Gamal Abdel Nasser , and upon Nasser's death succeeded him as president. After the costly Arab-Israeli War of 1973, he sought peace with Israel and visited Israel in person in 1977. Sadat signed the historic Camp David Accord (1978) with Israeli leader Meanchem Begin , and the pair shared the 1978 Nobel Peace Prize . Under the terms of the agreement, the Sinai Peninsula returned to Egypt . Sadat's actions led to Egypt's temporary expulsion from the Arab League and he was assassinated by Islamic fundamentalists. Sadat was succeeded as president by Hosni Mubarak .", "At first, Sadat was succeeded by Sufi Abu Taleb as Acting President of Egypt for eight days until 14 October 1981, when Sadat's Vice President, Hosni Mubarak, became the new Egyptian President for nearly 30 years until resigning as a result of the Egyptian Revolution of 2011.", "Anwar al-Sadat was Egypt’s president from 1970 until his assassination in 1981. He came to political power as an associate of Gamal Abdel Nasser , leader of the revolution that overthrew the monarchy (and British colonial rule) in 1952. Sadat graduated from military school in 1938 and straight away went about working to dismantle colonialism, initially pinning his hopes on Hitler ‘s Germany as Britain’s enemy. He spent most of the 1940s in jail for his agitations against the British in Egypt, but after Nasser took power (1954) Sadat rose in the ranks of the new government, holding various high-level positions, including vice president (1964-66, 1969-70). Nasser died in September of 1970 and Sadat became president in October. In an effort to regain control of losses from the 1967 Six Day War, Sadat ordered an attack on Israeli forces in 1973 and showed enough strength to force peace negotiations. He made overt gestures of peace to Israel and wooed U.S. president Jimmy Carter into assisting with negotiations. The resulting peace agreement, the Camp David Accords, earned Sadat the 1978 Nobel Prize for Peace (he shared it with Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin ). But his domestic economic plan was a failure, and his negotiations with Israel led to violent criticism at home; Sadat’s attempts to crack down on public dissension only made things worse. He was assassinated in 1981 by Islamic fundamentalists who opposed the peace treaty with Israel, and he was succeeded by Hosni Mubarak .", "President Anwar el-Sadat (in office September 28, 1970 to October 6, 1981 )--Sadat became president upon the death of his predecessor, Gamel Nasser. Sadat waged war against Israel in 1973, and made peace with Israel in 1979. In October, 1981 Sadat was assassinated by Muslim militants who were unhappy with his peace treaty with Israel. He was succeeded by his vice-president, Hosni Mubarak.", "1981 - Assassination / Anwar Sadat - October 6th, 1981: \"Egyptian President Anwar Sadat was killed by an assassin at the parade ground of Nasser City by Islamic fundamentalists during a ceremony commemorating the Egyptian crossing of the Suez Canal during the Yom Kippur War in 1973. Although authorities were warned of a death plot hours earlier, the information did not get to the president in time. He was succeeded by Vice President Hosni Mubarak. The events are described in a book by Fouad Allam: 'The Brotherhood and I'.\" [Link: 1 ]", "Mubarak through the years – Then-Vice President Mubarak, left, joins President Anwar Sadat at a military parade on October 6, 1981, the day Islamic fundamentalists from within the army assassinated Sadat. Mubarak succeeded Sadat as Egypt's president, maintaining power for nearly three decades.", "Egypt has been a republic since 18 June 1953 . President Mohamed Hosni Mubarak has been the President of the Republic since October 14 1981 , following the assassination of former-President Mohammed Anwar El-Sadat . Mubarak is currently serving his fifth term in office. He is the leader of the ruling National Democratic Party . Prime Minister Dr. Ahmed Nazif was sworn in as Prime Minister on 9 July 2004 , following the resignation of Dr. Atef Ebeid from his office.", "Egypt has been a republic since 18 June 1953. President Mohamed Hosni Mubarak has been the President of the Republic since October 14, 1981, following the assassination of former-President Mohammed Anwar El-Sadat. Mubarak is currently serving his fifth term in office. He is the leader of the ruling National Democratic Party. Prime Minister Dr. Ahmed Nazif was sworn in as Prime Minister on 9 July 2004, following the resignation of Dr. Atef Ebeid from his office.", "1981: Hosni Mubarak became acting president of Egypt following the assassination of Anwar Sadat Oct. 6.", "Muhammad Anwar el-Sadat ( ' Egyptian; 25 December 1918 – 6 October 1981) was the third President of Egypt, serving from 15 October 1970 until his assassination by fundamentalist army officers on 6 October 1981. Sadat was a senior member of the Free Officers who overthrew King Farouk in the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, and a close confidant of President Gamal Abdel Nasser, under whom he served as Vice President twice and whom he succeeded as President in 1970.", "1981: Hosni Mubarak became acting president of Egypt after the assassination of Anwar Sadat the day before.", "Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak came to power in the aftermath of Sadat's assassinations. Unlike Sadat, Mubarak halted the financial liberation and free-market mode and reinstated strict government monitoring of the economy on one hand and allowed more political freedoms on the other.", "Hosni Mubarak and his former interior minister Habib al-Adli were convicted to life in prison on the basis of their failure to stop the killings during the first six days of the 2011 Egyptian Revolution. His successor, Mohamed Morsi, was sworn in as Egypt's first democratically elected president before judges at the Supreme Constitutional Court. Fresh protests erupted in Egypt on 22 November 2012. On 3 July 2013, the military overthrew the replacement government and President Morsi was removed from power. ", "Abdel Fattah Saeed Hussein Khalil el-Sisi ( ,; born 19 November 1954), commonly known as Sisi, is the sixth and incumbent President of Egypt, in office since June 2014.", "The death of Mr. Sadat raised serious questions about the direction the nation would now take. At least for the time being, affairs of state are expected to be run largely by Vice President Mubarak, a longtime associate who promptly took over direction of the armed forces after the President died. Egypt's ruling National Democratic Party announced that Vice President Mub arak would be its candidate in the presidential election.", "The death of Mr. Sadat raised serious questions about the direction the nation would now take. At least for the time being, affairs of state are expected to be run largely by Vice President Mubarak, a longtime associate who promptly took over direction of the armed forces after the President died. Egypt's ruling National Democratic Party announced that Vice President Mub arak would be its candidate in the presidential election.", "Three years after the 1967 Six Day War , during which Israel had invaded and occupied Sinai , Nasser died and was succeeded by Anwar Sadat . Sadat switched Egypt's Cold War allegiance from the Soviet Union to the United States, expelling Soviet advisors in 1972. He launched the Infitah economic reform policy, while violently clamping down on religious and secular opposition alike.", "Mohamed Morsi became Egypt's first democratically elected president in June 2012, succeeding Hosni Mubarak. He served in that position until July 2013, when he was ousted by Egypt's armed forces.", "20120713129825&method=home.regcon survey of 14 news organizations plus Wikipedia in July 2013] found that 11 used \"Mohamed\" and four used \"Mohammed\"; nine used \"Morsi\", five used \"Mursi\", and one used \"Morsy\". The official Egypt State Information Service uses both \"Morsi\" and \"Morsy\". (, ALA-LC: Muḥammad Muḥammad Mursī ‘Īsá al-‘Ayyāṭ, ; born 8 August 1951) is an Egyptian politician who served as the fifth President of Egypt, from 30 June 2012 to 3 July 2013, when he was removed by army chief General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi after the June 2013 Egyptian protests and the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état. He was the first democratically elected head of state in Egyptian history.", "Sadat graduated from the Cairo Military Academy in 1938. During World War II he plotted to expel the British from Egypt with the help of the Germans. The British arrested and imprisoned him in 1942, but he escaped two years later. In 1946 Sadat was arrested after being implicated in the assassination of pro-British minister Amīn ʿUthmān; he was imprisoned until his acquittal in 1948. In 1950 he joined Gamal Abdel Nasser ’s Free Officers organization; he participated in its armed coup against the Egyptian monarchy in 1952 and supported Nasser’s election to the presidency in 1956. Sadat held various high offices that led to his serving in the vice presidency (1964–66, 1969–70). He became acting president upon Nasser’s death, on September 28, 1970, and was elected president in a plebiscite on October 15.", "Mohamed Morsi (born 8 August 1951) is an Egyptian politician who served as the fifth President of Egypt. He was deposed by Abdel Fattah el-Sisi.", "On July 3, 2013, Morsi was officially ousted as president by Egypt's armed forces. Following the army's announcement, which was televised, millions of protesters celebrated countrywide, reportedly shouting phrases like \"God is great\" and \"Long live Egypt.\"", "On June 24, 2012, the election commission announced that Morsi won Egypt’s presidential runoff against Ahmed Shafiq, the last prime minister under deposed leader Hosni Mubarak. According to official results, Morsi took 51.7 percent of the vote while Shafiq received 48.3. As he had promised during his campaign, Morsi resigned from his position as the head of the FJP after his victory was announced. He is the first civilian to hold the office.", "When Nasser died on 28 September 1970, his vice president, Anwar al-Sadat, became president. After a political crisis that resulted in the dismissal from office in May 1971 of 'Ali Sabri and other left-wing leaders who had been close to Nasser (they were subsequently convicted of treason), President Sadat firmly established his hold on the government and began to implement pragmatic economic and social policies. Beginning in July 1971 with the announcement of a 10-year development program, he quickly followed with the introduction in September of a permanent constitution and a series of financial measures designed to give more freedom to the banking system and to encourage investment of foreign and domestic capital. In a surprise move on 18 July 1972, Sadat ordered the expulsion of the 15,000 Soviet military advisers and 25,000 dependents who had come to Egypt after the 1967 war. After the ouster of the Russians, Egypt was able to improve relations with the United States, Europe , and the more conservative Arab states, which provided substantial financial assistance under the Khartoum Agreement to replace Suez Canal revenues (which had ceased when the Canal was closed by the 1967 war with Israel).", "Sadat's Egypt: following Nasser's death in 1970, Muhammad Anwar El Sadat became the Egyptian president. Soon after taking power, Sadat began trying to restore Egyptian control over the Suez Canal and the Sinai Peninsula, including laying out military options to that effect. In 1971 Sadat reshuffled Egyptian politics, when he accused leading figures in the country's Left and many of Nasser's loyalists of conspiracy, trying them for treason and forcibly removing them from power.", "The assassination of Anwar Sadat occurred on 6 October 1981. Anwar Sadat, the President of Egypt, was assassinated during the annual victory parade held in Cairo to celebrate Operation Badr (1973), during which the Egyptian Army had crossed the Suez Canal and taken back a small part of the Sinai Peninsula from Israel at the beginning of the Yom Kippur War. A fatwā approving the assassination had been obtained from Omar Abdel-Rahman, a cleric later convicted in the US for his role in the 1993 World Trade Center bombing. The assassination was undertaken by members of the Egyptian Islamic Jihad. ", "1981-10-06 Anwar Sadat , 3rd President of Egypt (1970-81, Nobel 1978), assassinated by fundamentalist army officers at 62", "was the third President of Egypt, serving from 15 October 1970 until his assassination by fundamentalist army officers on 6 October 1981. The last months of Sadat's presidency were marked by internal uprising. He was the first Arab head of state to recognize Israel as a nation.", "Egyptian president Anwar Sadat was assassinated at a military parade in Cairo on October 6, 1981.", "* Egyptian president Anwar Sadat was assassinated at a military parade in Cairo on October 6, 1981.", "            Now as nominal President of Egypt, Sadat slowly consolidated power in several �coups� removing rivals whose power threatened his position. [iv]   Sadat inherited a nation neither at war nor at peace. [v]   This nation had lost prestige, territory, and self-respect in the previous wars with Israel. ", "Islamic extremists assassinate Anwar Sadat, the president of Egypt, as he reviews troops on the anniversary of the Yom Kippur War. Led by Khaled el Islambouli, a lieutenant in the Egyptian army with connections to the terrorist group Takfir Wal-Hajira, the terrorists, all wearing army uniforms, stopped in front of the reviewing stand and fired shots and threw grenades into a crowd of Egyptian government officials. Sadat, who was shot four times, died two hours later. Ten other people also died in the attack." ]

[ 7.1171875, 6.359375, 6.21875, 5.4765625, 5.01953125, 4.48828125, 3.72265625, 3.6484375, 3.6328125, 3.37109375, 3.3046875, 2.46484375, 1.9609375, 1.8388671875, 1.79296875, 1.79296875, 1.71875, 1.2705078125, 1.0380859375, -0.1590576171875, -0.372314453125, -0.5458984375, -0.98193359375, -1.3271484375, -2.0390625, -2.2890625, -2.59765625, -2.7421875, -2.91015625, -3.037109375, -3.5390625, -3.779296875 ]

[ "In 1980, at the age of 81, Astaire married Robyn Smith, 35, a jockey and longtime friend from the racing world, in a private ceremony at his home.", "Mr Astaire married his second wife, Robyn Smith, then aged 35, in 1980. She was a former jockey, who shared Mr Astaire’s life-long love of horses and horse-racing. Throughout his life Mr Astaire worked hard to achieve his success which did not come easily. He learned his trade from the very basics and entered the world of performing through the hard road of revues and touring.", "Fred Astaire was an American dancer, singer, actor, choreographer and television presenter. On June 24, 1980, he was married again at the age of 81 to Robyn Smith (born August 14, 1944), a jockey 45.. Net · Time.com: The Great American Flyer Fred Astaire:1899-1987 · Time Magazine archive: Astaire essay by", "Married to Phyllis Livingston Potter (who had a son, Peter, from a previous marriage) in 1933, Astaire had two children: Fred Jr., born in 1936, and daughter Ava, born in 1942. Phyllis Astaire died of cancer in 1955, and in 1980 at age 81, Fred remarried. His second wife, Robyn Smith, then age 35 and a former jockey, shared with Fred a life-long interest in horses. Fred had been a stable owner and avid horse-racing fan for over 30 years. Astaire made his final film appearance in GHOST STORY (1981) and died of pneumonia in Los Angeles, California on June 22, 1987 at the age of 88.", "On June 24, 1980, he was married again, to Robyn Smith (born August 14, 1944), a jockey 45 years his junior, who rode for Alfred G. Vanderbilt II and was herself on the cover of Sports Illustrated on July 31, 1972.", "Back in 1973 she became the first female jockey to appear on the cover of Sports Illustrated magazine, beating Krone to that high honor. She dabbled in acting, filmed television commercials and married actor-dancer Fred Astaire. They announced their engagement during a Barbara Walters special in 1980. She retreated from racing and the public spotlight during her marriage to the reclusive Astaire.", "From working part-time as a McDonald's counter girl, she worked her way up to become a successful Ford model, both in TV commercials and print ads. In 1980, she made her film debut as an extra in Woody Allen 's Stardust Memories . Her first speaking part was in Wes Craven 's horror movie, Deadly Blessing . She struggled through many parts in B-movies, such as King Solomon's Mines and Action Jackson . She was also married in 1984 to Michael Greenburg , the producer of MacGyver , but they divorced two years later.", "Michelle Marie Pfeiffer known simply as Michelle Pfeiffer, is an American actress and singer, in 1980 she made her film debut in The Hollywood Knights, with her breakout performance in the 1983 film, Scarface. Pfeiffer was first married to actor and director Peter Horton married in 1981, in Santa Monica, and during their honeymoon, Pfeiffer learned she had won the lead role in Grease 2. In 1988, Pfeiffer and Horton decided to separate in 1988, and divorced two years later, citing that their separation because of their priority and devotion is their career  rather than their marriage. Pfeiffer had a three-year relationship with actor/producer Fisher Stevens, after her marriage to Horton. Pfeiffer met Stevens, when she starred in the Twelfth Night, a New York Shakespeare Festival production, in which Stevens played the role of Sir Andrew Aguecheek. Pfeiffer was set up on a blind date in January 1993, with television writer and producer David E. Kelley.   On November 13, 1993, Pfeiffer and Kelley were married. Pfeiffer adopted a newborn daughter, she named Claudia Rose, and was christened on Pfeiffer and Kelley’s wedding day. Pfeiffer gave birth to a son, John Henry in August 1994.", "The part of the film that personified the 1980's to me, is the money laundering. Tony's crew bringing sacks of drug money to the bank. Did those around Tony and his crew care? At the clubs where he spent and drank? Nope. Money was money and with money, you get the power. Tony was living high off the hog. He and his pretty blond American trophy he married played well by Michelle Pfieffer.", "No one had more swagger in the Reagan era than Don Johnson. As Miami Vice’s Sonny Crockett, the undercover detective and professional stubble-cultivator who lived on a houseboat with his pet alligator Elvis, he embodied masculine cool in the era of coke binges and Lamborghinis. He married actress Melanie Griffith (twice), made a gold-selling soft-rock album with support from Tom Petty and Ron Wood, and raced offshore powerboats with Chuck Norris and Kurt Russell on a professional team dubbed “Team USA.” (“Melanie advised me that it would be good for our marriage that I quit,” Johnson recalls of his brief foray into the largely forgotten sport. “Somebody died in every damn race we were in.”)", "An Officer and a Gentleman is a 1982 American romantic drama film that stars Richard Gere, Debra Winger and Louis Gossett, Jr., who won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the film, and was produced by Lorimar Productions for Paramount Pictures. It tells the story of Zack (Gere), a U.S. Navy Aviation Officer Candidate who is beginning his training at Aviation Officer Candidate School. While Zack meets his first true girlfriend during his training, a local young woman named Paula (Winger), he also comes into conflict with the hard-driving Marine Corps Gunnery Sergeant (Gossett, Jr.), the Drill Instructor training his class.", "She was married to Martin Scorsese from 1979 to 1982. After her marriage to Scorsese ended, she married Jon Wiedemann (1983–1986), a Harvard-educated and former fashion model from Texas (now a Microsoft design manager). Later, she dated David Lynch, Gary Oldman and Gregory Mosher. ", "Diana Dors (born Diana Mary Fluck; 23 October 1931 – 4 May 1984) was an English actress. She first came to public notice as a blonde bombshell in the style of Marilyn Monroe, as promoted by her first husband Dennis Hamilton, mostly via sex film-comedies and risque modelling. When it turned out that Hamilton had been defrauding her for his own benefit, she had little choice but to play up to her established image, and she made tabloid headlines with the adult parties reportedly held at her house. Later she showed a genuine talent for TV and cabaret, and gained new popularity as a regular chat-show guest.", "(1948- ) British-born Australian singer and actress. Best-known movie role as Sandy in \"Grease\" (1978) with John Travolta. Songs include \"Banks Of The Ohio\", \"You're The One That I Want\" (duet with John Travolta), \"Magic\" and \"Physical\".", "Jonathan Routh was born on November 24, 1927 in Gosport, Hampshire, England as John Reginald Surdeval Routh. He was an actor and writer, known for Candid Camera (1960), Casino Royale (1967) and 30 Is a Dangerous Age, Cynthia (1968). He was married to Shelagh Routh and Nandi Heckroth . He died on June 4, 2008 in Jamaica. See full bio »", "Tony Curtis died on September 30, 2010, at the age of 85, in Henderson, Nevada, of cardiac arrest. He was survived by his sixth wife, Jill VandenBerg; his two daughters with Janet Leigh, Kelly Lee and Jamie Lee; two daughters with Christine Kaufmann, Alexandra and Allegra; and a son, Benjamin, with Leslie Allen.", "Her big break came in 1986 when she was cast as the female lead opposite Paul Hogan in the Australian film \"Crocodile Dundee\", in which their on-screen chemistry spilled over into a marriage that still exists today. Two years later, she revisited her starring role with Hogan in \"Crocodile Dundee II\". Also in 1988 she starred with Bill Paxton, Tim Curry and Annie Potts in \"Pass the Ammo\".", "Wilder met Saturday Night Live actress Gilda Radner on August 13, 1981, while filming Sidney Poitier's Hanky Panky. Radner was married to guitarist G. E. Smith at the time, but Wilder and she became inseparable friends. When the filming of Hanky Panky ended, Wilder found himself missing Radner, so he called her. The relationship grew, and Radner eventually divorced Smith in 1982. She moved in with Wilder, and the couple married on September 14, 1984, in the south of France. The couple wanted to have children, but Radner suffered miscarriages, and doctors could not determine the problem. After experiencing severe fatigue and suffering from pain in her upper legs on the set of Haunted Honeymoon, Radner sought medical treatment. Following a number of false diagnoses, she was found to have ovarian cancer in October 1986. Over the next year and a half, Radner battled the disease, receiving chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments. The disease finally went into remission, giving the pair a respite, during which time Wilder filmed See No Evil, Hear No Evil. By May 1989, the cancer returned and had metastasized. Radner died on May 20, 1989. Wilder later stated, \"I always thought she'd pull through.\" ", "Raised in the upper-middle-class Sydney suburb of Longueville for the remainder of the 1970s and well into the eighties, Kidman grew up infused with a love of the arts, particularly dance and theatre. Kidman took refuge in the theater, and landed her first professional role at the age of 14, when she starred in Bush Christmas (1983), a TV movie about a group of kids who band together with an Aborigine to find their stolen horse. Brian Trenchard-Smith's BMX Bandits (1983) -- an adventure film/teen movie -- followed , with Kidman as the lead character, Judy; it opened to solid reviews. Kidman then worked for the gifted John Duigan (The Winter of Our Dreams, Romero) twice, first as one of the two adolescent leads of the Duigan-directed \"Room to Move\" episode of the Australian TV series Winners (1985) and, more prestigiously, as the star of Duigan's acclaimed miniseries Vietnam (1987)", "In 1971, she was married the Scottish actor Nicol Williamson , with whom she had a stormy relationship due to Williamson's volatile temperament. They had first met in 1965, when she played his daughter in John Osborne 's Inadmissible Evidence on Broadway. Within a fortnight of their meeting, he asked her to marry him then and they wound up living together, but she left him after 21 months cohabiting together. She starred in the TV western Cimarron Strip and wound up marrying the stunt-man and horse-wrangler Tom Sutton , who was Stuart Whitman 's stand-in on the series. In the late '60s, she starred in many American TV shows, primarily Westerns.", "Moving to Warwick Films in 1957, he wrote and directed documentary shorts on stars such as Kim Novak, Joan Crawford, Robert Mitchum, Jack Lemmon, Trevor Howard, Tyrone Power and Anna Neagle, for screening on television. In 1959, a year after his marriage to the former dancer and actress Heller Toren (nee Elaine Smith), he gave up show business to buy a seaside hotel in Llandudno. The couple had a daughter, Paula, now a successful television presenter herself and married to the Band Aid organiser Bob Geldof, and his wife later became a best-selling novelist.", "Altman married Bridget Poodhun in 1986 and they divorced in 1997. He has one daughter named Rosanna.[http://www.thespeakersagency.com/speakerdetail.asp?speaker56&show", "In June 1986, Nancy Wilson married journalist , screenwriter and director Cameron Crowe . (She had made a cameo appearance in his movie, Fast Times at Ridgemont High in 1982, in a scene where she was driving a Corvette, and was listed in the credits as \"Beautiful Girl in Car\".)", "After the surfing craze died out in 1965, Annette married Jack Gilardi , Paul Anka 's agent, and became the mother of his three children -- Gina, Jack, Jr. and Jason. While appearing in a few other movies that did nothing to further her career, including Fireball 500 , Thunder Alley and Head , she appeared as a guest on shows and, most famously, became the spokesperson for Skippy Peanut Butter in a host of commercials. But she phased out her career in favor of family.", "At the age of 63, he married his fourth wife, Kathy Lee, a 24-year-old ballerina from a small town in Malaysia whom he had met in a production of The King and I in which she had a small dancing role. They remained married for the last 2 years (1983–1985) of Brynner's life.", "He was married to Barbara Jean Atchley from 1961-1981; their daughter, Teresa Dawn, was nicknamed Tracy. His second marriage was to Jan Nanna Cernan (of Jan Nanna Cernan Designs Inc. in Houston, Texas); they had two daughters, Kelly and Danielle. His hobbies included love for horses and all competitive sports activities, including hunting, fishing and flying.", "In 1985, Brolin met actress Jan Smithers on the set of Hotel, and they married in 1986. The couple had a daughter, Molly Elizabeth (1987). Jan Smithers filed for divorce from Brolin in 1995.", "On April 4, 1983, aged 62, Brynner married his fourth and last wife, Kathy Lee (born 1957), a 24-year-old ballerina from Ipoh, Malaysia, whom he had met in a production of The King and I . They remained married for the last two years (1983–85) of his life. ", "Besides Fraser, who directed his father in an adventure film, \"Mother Lode,\" the Hestons had a daughter, Holly Ann, born Aug. 2, 1961. The couple celebrated their golden wedding anniversary in 1994 at a party with Hollywood and political friends. They had been married 64 years when he died.", "He became the second husband of Australian-born actress Diane Cilento from 1962 until 1973, with whom he had a son, Jason. Since 1975, he has been married to French-Moroccan artist Micheline Roquebrune Connery.", "Lemmon was married from 1950 to 1956 to actress Cynthia Stone, and they had a son, Chris. In 1962, he married actress Felicia Farr, with whom he had a daughter, Courtney.", "While performing at Gigi's, a Houston strip club (later renamed as \"Pleasures\") in October 1991, Smith met elderly oil tycoon J. Howard Marshall, and they began a relationship. During their two-year affair, he reportedly lavished gifts on her and asked her to marry him several times. She divorced her husband Billy on February 3, 1993, in Houston. On June 27, 1994, 26-year-old Smith and 89-year-old Marshall were married in Houston. This resulted in a great deal of gossip about her marrying him for his money. She reportedly never lived with him, never made love with him, or kissed him on the mouth more than ten times. Smith, however, maintained that she loved her husband, and age did not matter to her. Thirteen months after his marriage to Smith, Marshall died in Houston at age 90, on August 4, 1995." ]

[ 4.84765625, 4.8359375, 3.921875, 3.375, 1.7958984375, -1.6484375, -3.26953125, -3.73828125, -4.40625, -4.43359375, -4.76171875, -5.33984375, -5.37109375, -5.37109375, -5.58984375, -5.8515625, -5.94140625, -6.375, -6.37890625, -6.40625, -6.47265625, -6.73046875, -7.078125, -7.41796875, -7.9375, -8.0625, -8.0859375, -8.2109375, -8.296875, -8.5859375, -8.8125, -8.875 ]