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[ "They include Amazon, a 127-year-old yacht present at Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee celebrations and the Suhaili, pictured here in 1969 when yachtsman Sir Robin Knox-Johnston became the first person to sail her solo non-stop around the world. More than 40 years on, he will be back on board the Suhaili for Sunday's pageant.", "1969 British yachtsman Robin Knox-Johnston sailed into Falmouth Harbour, completing the first non-stop solo voyage around the world. He was at sea for 312 days. His yacht was named Suhaili which means \"good wind\".", "Two years later, Robin Knox Johnson became the first person to sail around the world non-stop. He had to wait until 1995, however, before being granted his knighthood.", "Sailing continues to be popular in the UK, reflecting our maritime heritage. A British sailor, Sir Francis Chichester, was the first person to sail single-handed around the world, in 1966/67. Two years later, Sir Robin Knox-Johnston became the first person to do this without stopping. Many sailing events are held throughout the UK, the most famous of which is at Cowes on the Isle of Wight.", "9. The UK's Robin Knox-Johnston becomes the first person to sail around the world solo without stopping. Read a book with a sailboat on the cover, a book with \"solo\" in the title OR a book with a character named Robin.", "From Wikipedia : “On 14 June 1968 Robin Knox-Johnston left Falmouth, UK in his 32-foot (9.8-meter) boat Suhaili, one of the smallest boats to enter the Sunday Times Golden Globe Race. Despite losing his self-steering gear off Australia, he rounded Cape Horn on 17 January 1969, 20 days before his closest competitor Bernard Moitessier, who subsequently abandoned the race and sailed on to Tahiti. The other seven competitors dropped out at various stages, leaving Knox-Johnston to win the race and become officially the first man to circumnavigate the globe non-stop and single-handed on 22 April 1969, the day he returned to Falmouth.”", "Sir Robin Knox-Johnston is to attempt to sail solo across the Atlantic 45 years after he became the first man to sail alone non-stop around the world.", "After Chichester's circumnavigation with one stop, only nonstop circumnavigation was left to be done and in 1968 The Sunday Times newspaper announced Golden Globe trophy for first fastest nonstop solo circumnavigation. They set start and finish in the same port located north of 40 degree North and passing south of Cape of Good Hope, Cape Horn and Cape Leeuwin. Editors did not expected anybody sailing south of 40 degree South, except passing Cape Horn, and thus automatically follow the antipode rules. Robin Knox-Johnson was only one to finish the race in 312 days, however Bernard Moitessier did not finish the race, but he circled globe 1 1/2 times finishing in Tahiti and closing the loop first, he become first solo nonstop circumnavigator.", "There was left only one thing to do - the solo nonstop circumnavigation and soon The Sunday Times newspaper announced in March 1968 a Golden Globe trophy for the first and the fastest nonstop solo circumnavigation. The rules did not required antipodes, but set sailing around Cape of Good Hope, Cape  Leeuwin and Cape Horn with start and finish in any port north of  40 degree North, which automatically set the the antipodes route. Nine solo sailors took a part. French Bernard Moitessier could easily win, but he changed his mind and instead sailing North for finis he continued around landing in Tahiti. He sailed one and half way around, became first solo nonstop circumnavigator but he did not finish the race. Robin Knox-Johnston reached his starting point, passed two antipodes and won the Golden Trophy.", "Robin Knox-Johnson sails his yacht Suhaili into the English Channel in April 1969 at the end of his non-stop round the world race (AFP/Getty Images)", "On the same day, 22 April, Knox-Johnston completed his voyage where it had started, in Falmouth. This made him the winner of the Golden Globe trophy, and the first person to sail single-handed and non-stop around the world, which he had done in 312 days. This left Tetley and Crowhurst apparently fighting for the £5,000 prize for fastest time.", "1971 Chay Blyth, 31 become the first to sail the world non-stop in the \"wrong\" direction - east to west - against the prevailing winds and currents.", "Though Australian Jesse Martin was a couple of weeks older than David Dicks when he completed his trip around the world in 1999, he grabbed the spot as the youngest person to sail around the world nonstop, unassisted and solo by avoiding taking help of the kind that David was forced to take. Jesse made his trip in his 34-foot boat, Lionheart-Mistral, documenting his journey in the book \"Lionheart: A Journey of the Human Spirit.\" He traveled 27,000 nautical miles from December 1998 to October 1999, and was the impetus behind the World Sailing Speed Record Council discontinuing recognition for the youngest sailor to make a circumnavigation.", "In 1866, on a bet, he won the first trans-oceanic yacht race. The race was between three American yachts, the Vesta (owned by Pierre Lorillard IV), the Fleetwing (owned by George and Frank Osgood) and the Henrietta. Each yachtsman put up $30,000 in the winner-take-all wager.[http://www.amazon.com/Gordon-Bennett-First-Across-Atlantic/dp/1472916735] They started off of Sandy Hook, New Jersey, on 11 December 1866 amid high westerly winds and raced to The Needles, the furthest westerly point on the Isle of Wight, famous for its lighthouse. Bennett's Henrietta won with a time of 13 days, 21 hours, 55 minutes. ", "* Henk de Velde; 1997; sailed a catamaran eastbound around the world in 119 days, non-stop. He is still the only person in the world to perform this feat single-handed with a catamaran, although others have made faster single-handed circumnavigations in trimarans (Ellen MacArthur, 2005, and Francis Joyon, 2008).", "Sailing: Ellen MacArthur sets a new world record for sailing solo around the world, completing her non-stop voyage in 71 days, 14 hours, 18 minutes and 33 seconds.", "Sir Robin, of Portsmouth in Hampshire, is the chairman and founder of Clipper Ventures which runs the Clipper Round the World Yacht Race, the biennial event which sees amateur sailors from around the world completing a 40,000-mile global circumnavigation. Some pay up to £30,000 to take part in the race while others are sponsored.", "The first small boat to sail around Cape Horn was the 42-foot (13 m) yacht Saoirse, sailed by Conor O'Brien with three friends, who rounded it during a circumnavigation of the world between 1923 and 1925. In 1934, the Norwegian Al Hansen was the first to round Cape Horn single-handed from east to west � the \"wrong way\" � in his boat Mary Jane, but was subsequently wrecked on the coast of Chile. The first person to successfully circumnavigate the world single-handed via Cape Horn was Vito Dumas, who made the voyage in 1942 in his 33-foot (10 m) ketch Lehg II; a number of other sailors have since followed him. including Webb Chiles aboard \"EGREGIOUS\" who in December 1975 became the first American to round Cape Horn single-handed.", "In 1966, Chichester set out to sail around the world by the clipper route, starting and finishing in England with a stop in Sydney, in an attempt to beat the speed records of the clipper ships in a small boat. His voyage was a great success, as he set an impressive round-the-world time of nine months and one day — with 226 days of sailing time — and, soon after his return to England on 28 May 1967, was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II. Even before his return, however, a number of other sailors had turned their attention to the next logical challenge — a non-stop single-handed circumnavigation of the world.", "In February 2001 after 94 days at sea Britain's Ellen MacArthur became the fastest woman to sail the world. Four years later, in 2005, she became the fastest person to sail solo non-stop around the world - in 71 days and 14 hours. <br>", "Today, there are several major yacht races held regularly along the old clipper route via Cape Horn. The first of these was the Sunday Times Golden Globe Race, which was a single-handed race; this inspired the present-day Around Alone race, which circumnavigates with stops, and the Vendée Globe, which is non-stop. Both of these are single-handed races, and are held every four years. The Volvo Ocean Race is a crewed race with stops which sails the clipper route every four years. Its origins lie in the Whitbread Round the World Race first competed in 1973-4. The Jules Verne Trophy is a prize for the fastest circumnavigation of the world by any type of yacht, with no restrictions on the size of the crew (no assistance, non-stop). Finally, the Global Challenge race goes around the world the \"wrong way\", from east to west, which involves rounding Cape Horn against the prevailing winds and currents.", "22. Sir Francis Charles Chichester, aviator and sailor, was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II for becoming the first person to sail single-handed around the world by the clipper route. Read a book with a sailor or pilot, a book with a character or author named Francis or Charles OR a book with a world-traveler.", "1901: Birth of Sir Francis Chichester, English yachtsman and aviator. He received his knighthood for his solo round-the-world trip in his yacht Gipsy Moth IV. He named all his yachts and planes Gipsy Moth. As an aviator, he was the first person to cross the Tasman Sea from east to west. He made a solo circumnavigation of the world at the age of 65 in his yacht Gipsy Moth IV.", "Francis Joyon holds the new world record for solo circumnavigation of the world, set on January 20, 2008. The 51-year-old Frenchman circled the planet alone in 57 days, 13 hours, 34 minutes, 6 seconds in a trimaran. He beat British sailor Ellen MacArthur's record set in February 2005 for which she spent just over 71 days at sea.", "Drake was the first Englishman to sail around the world. He discovered that there was no continent in the South Pacific west of South America and that there was no western end to the Northwest Passage unless you went very far north. He showed that Englishmen could sail in the Pacific just like the Spanish. He made the English feel proud and encouraged them to compete with Spain at building towns in the New World. He also made the English feel like they could do anything.", "The first person to attempt a high-speed circumnavigation of the clipper route was Francis Chichester. Chichester was already a notable aviation pioneer, who had flown solo from London to Sydney, and also a pioneer of single-handed yacht racing, being one of the founders of the Single-Handed Trans-Atlantic Race (the OSTAR). After the success of the OSTAR, Chichester started looking into a clipper-route circumnavigation. He wanted to make the fastest ever circumnavigation in a small boat, but specifically set himself the goal of beating a \"fast\" clipper-ship passage of 100 days to Sydney. He set off in 1966, and completed the run to Sydney in 107 days; after a stop of 48 days, he returned via Cape Horn in 119 days. ", "Frances Drake was born in Devon, England, the son of a puritan farmer and preacher. He learned sailing as a young man, serving as an apprentice to the master of a small coastal merchant ship. His master, left young Drake the ship on his death. He later served some time as an officer aboard a West African slaver. He was the first Englishman to sail around the world and very instrumental in the defeat of the Spanish Armada sent to invade England. He made three voyages to the New World, where he plundering Spanish settlements and captured and destroying Spanish ships. In 1572, he marched across the Isthmus of Panama.", "In yacht racing, a round-the-world route approximating a great circle would be quite impractical, particularly in a non-stop race where use of the Panama and Suez Canals would be impossible. Yacht racing therefore defines a world circumnavigation to be a passage of at least 21,600 nautical miles (40,000 km) in length which crosses the equator, crosses every meridian and finishes in the same port as it starts. The map on the left shows the route of the Vendée Globe round-the-world race in red; overlaid in yellow are the points antipodal to all points on the route. It can be seen that the route does not pass through any pairs of antipodal points. Since the winds in the higher southern latitudes predominantly blow west-to-east it can be seen that there are an easier route (west-to-east) and a harder route (east-to-west) when circumnavigating by sail; this difficulty is magnified for square-rig vessels.", "But this man is no stranger to seafaring. He won the first solo transatlantic yacht race in 1960 in Gipsy Moth III, sailing from Plymouth to New York City in 40 days. He beat his own record in 1962 repeating the voyage in 33 days.", "In early 2004, Fossett, as skipper, set the Around the world sailing record of 58 days, 9 hours in Cheyenne with a crew of 13. In 2007, Fossett held the world record for crossing the Pacific Ocean in his 125 ft sailboat, the PlayStation, which he accomplished on his fourth try.", "Which British sailor broke the world record for the fastest solo circumnavigation of the globe twice, in 2005 and 2008?", "The first single-handed round-the-world yacht race—and actually the first round-the-world yacht race in any format—was the Sunday Times Golden Globe Race, starting between June 1 and October 31 (the skippers set off at different times) in 1968. Of the nine boats which started:" ]

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[ "Beatty was a star football player at Washington-Lee High School in Arlington. Encouraged to act by the success of his sister, who had recently established herself as a Hollywood star, he decided to work as a stagehand at the National Theatre in Washington, D.C. during the summer before his senior year. He was reportedly offered ten football scholarships to college, but rejected them to study liberal arts at Northwestern University (1954–55), where he joined the Sigma Chi fraternity. After his first year, he left college to move to New York City, where he studied acting under Stella Adler at the Stella Adler Studio of Acting. ", "Both attended Washington-Lee High School (MacLaine, Class of 1952; Beatty, Class of 1955). Beatty was a linebacker on the football team, and was offered 10 scholarships to play in college. MacLaine was a straight-A student, a cheerleader and president of a sorority, and she sang and danced in school and community musicals.", "Beatty was a star football player at Washington-Lee High School, in Arlington, Virginia. Encouraged to act by the success of his sister, who had recently established herself as a Hollywood star, he decided to work as a stagehand at the National Theater in Washington, D.C., during the summer prior to his senior year. This enabled him to establish contact with a few famous actors. Upon graduation from high school, he turned down 10 football scholarships to enroll in drama school.", "1. Which 1978 film starred Warren Beatty, and told the story of an American football player who was erroneously plucked from earth only to discover that he wasn't ready to die?", "Orphaned before his second birthday, Majors was taken in by his aunt and uncle and the family moved to Kentucky. At school he participated in track and [American] football and, following his graduation in 1957, won a scholarship to Indiana University where he continued to pursue his passion for sports. His college career ended abruptly in 1959 after breaking his back playing football and he turned his hand to acting.", "Attended the same high school, Washington-Lee High School, as Sandra Bullock . Both were also cheerleaders at the school. Her brother, Warren Beatty also attended this high school.", "Henry Warren Beatty, known professionally as Warren Beatty (born March 30, 1937) is an American actor, producer, screenwriter and director. He has been nominated for fourteen Academy Awards – four for Best Actor, four for Best Picture, two for Best Director, three for Original Screenplay, and one for Adapted Screenplay – winning Best Director for Reds (1981). Beatty is only the second person to have been nominated for acting, directing, writing and producing in the same film – doing so first with Heaven Can Wait (1978), and again with Reds- succeeding Orson Welles, who was nominated for all four for Citizen Kane in 1941, winning for writing.", "Terry Crews was born in Flint, Michigan, to Patricia and Terry Crews, Sr. He earned an Art Excellence Scholarship to attend Western Michigan University and also earned a full-ride athletic scholarship to play football. Crews was an All-Conference defensive end, and was a major contributor on the 1988 MAC champion WMU Broncos. His college success was rewarded in 1991, when he was drafted by the NFL's Los Angeles Rams.", "Marquess competed on the 1967 USA Pan American Games team that captured the gold medal. One of the greatest two-sport athletes ever on The Farm, he completed his collegiate baseball career with three seasons on the Stanford football squad as a quarterback, split end, defensive back and punt returner.", "Warren Beatty ~ b. 1937 ~ Better known as an actor, he won the 1985 Academy Award as best director for Reds. His mother is a MacLean and his sister is Shirley MacLaine.14", "Henry Warren Beatty ( ;CMU pronouncing dictionary [http://dictionary.infoplease.com/beatty Random House Unabridged Dictionary] and [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,939844,00.html Time magazine], but according to the [http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict?in=warren+beatty CMU Pronouncing Dictionary]. born March 30, 1937) is an American actor and filmmaker. He has been nominated for fourteen Academy Awards – four for Best Actor, four for Best Picture, two for Best Director, three for Original Screenplay, and one for Adapted Screenplay – winning Best Director for Reds (1981). Beatty is the first and only person to have been twice nominated for acting in, directing, writing and producing the same film – first with Heaven Can Wait (1978), and again with Reds.", "It might have been easy to write off American actor Warren Beatty as merely the younger brother of film star Shirley MacLaine, were it not for the fact that Beatty was a profoundly gifted performer whose creative range extended beyond mere acting. After studying at Northwestern University and with acting coach Stella_Adler, Beatty was being groomed for stardom almost before he was of voting age, cast in prominent supporting roles in TV dramas and attaining the recurring part of the insufferable Milton Armitage on the TV sitcom Dobie Gillis. Beatty left Dobie after a handful of episodes, writing off his part as \"ridiculous,\" and headed for the stage, where he appeared in a stock production of +Compulsion and in William Inge's Broadway play +A Loss of Roses.", "Nonetheless, the historical record confirms that big-time college sport has little to do with amateurism regardless of what definition is used. In 1956, the NCAA introduced professionalism into its constitution and bylaws by allowing financial inducements to athletes in the form of athletic scholarships. Walter Byers, the former executive director of the NCAA, has characterized this watershed decision as the beginning of \"a nationwide money-laundering scheme\" whereby money previously given under the table to athletes and their parents could now be funneled through a school's financial aid office.", "A television movie based on fact about the 30-year-old former college football star who developed Lou Gehrig's disease and went on to coach a high school football team to victory. (1988)", "Warren Beatty seen here during his senior year, 1955, at Washington-Lee High School in Arlington, Va. Right, Warren Beatty attends ELLE's 21st Annual Women in Hollywood Celebration at the Four Seasons Hotel, Oct. 20, 2014, in Beverly Hills, Calif.", "One of Hollywood's legendary talents, Warren Beatty has received great acclaim for many of his works, from the 1961 social drama Splendor in the Grass to the 1998 political satire Bulworth. During his career, he's created a lasting legacy for his many dalliances with his leading ladies and other high-profile women before settling down with actress Annette Bening .", "Beatty has received the Eleanor Roosevelt Award from the Americans for Democratic Action, the Brennan Legacy Award from the Brennan Center for Justice at the New York University School of Law, the Phillip Burton Public Service Award from the Foundation for Taxpayer and Consumer Rights, and the Spirit of Hollywood Award from the Associates for Breast and Prostate Cancer Studies. Beatty was a founding board member of the Center for National Policy, a founding member of the Progressive Majority, a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, has served as the Campaign Chair for the Permanent Charities Committee, and has participated in the World Economic Forum at Davos, Switzerland. He served on the Board of Trustees at the Scripps Research Institute, and the Board of Directors of the Motion Picture and Television Fund Foundation. He was named Honorary Chairman of the Stella Adler Studio of Acting in 2004. ", "1990/--/-- 42 - Warren Beatty directs, produces and plays the lead role in the film Dick Tracy.", "1990/--/-- 14 - Warren Beatty directs, produces and plays the lead role in the film Dick Tracy.", "Although Al Pacino was Warren Beatty's first choice for the role of Alphonse \"Big Boy\" Caprice, Robert De Niro was under consideration. [5] Madonna pursued the part of Breathless Mahoney, offering to work for scale to avoid any appearance of nepotism . Her resulting paycheck for the film was just $35,000. [3] Sean Young claims she was forced out of the role of Tess Truehart (which eventually went to Glenne Headly ) after rebuffing sexual advances from Beatty. In a 1989 statement, Beatty said, \"I made a mistake casting Sean Young in the part and I felt very badly about it.\" [6] Mike Mazurki , who had appeared in Dick Tracy (1945) had a cameo .", "Since starring in his first film, Splendor in the Grass (1961), Warren Beatty has been said to have demonstrated a greater longevity in movies than any actor of his generation. Few people have taken so many responsibilities for all phases of the production of films as producer, director, writer, and actor, and few have evidenced so high a level of... See full bio »", "Caddyshack is a 1980 American sports comedy film directed by Harold Ramis and written by Brian Doyle-Murray, Ramis and Douglas Kenney. It stars Michael O'Keefe, Chevy Chase, Rodney Dangerfield, Ted Knight, and Bill Murray. Doyle-Murray also has a supporting role. The film was later dedicated to producer Douglas Kenney, who died shortly after the film's release.", "While attending college at Long Beach State in the 1960s, Spielberg also became member of Theta Chi Fraternity. In 2002, thirty-five years after starting college, Spielberg finished his degree via independent projects at CSULB, and was awarded a B.A. in Film Production and Electronic Arts with an option in Film/Video Production.<ref>\" Spielberg finally makes the grade \", BBC, 2002-06-01. Retrieved on 2006-10-30 .</ref> Fraternity brothers often tell stories of Spielberg running around with a movie camera making short films.", "Reds is a 1981 American epic drama film co-written, produced and directed by Warren Beatty. The picture centers on the life and career of John Reed, the journalist and writer who chronicled the Russian Revolution in his book Ten Days That Shook the World. Beatty stars in the lead role alongside Diane Keaton as Louise Bryant and Jack Nicholson as Eugene O'Neill.", "Dick Tracy was released in 1990 to mixed reviews, but was a success at the box office and at awards time. It picked up seven Academy Award nominations and won in three of the categories: Best Original Song , Best Makeup and Best Art Direction . A sequel was planned, but a controversy over the film rights ensued between Beatty and Tribune Media Services . The lawsuit was resolved in Beatty's favor in October 2013. However, no plans for a sequel or follow-up have been publicly disclosed as of June 2014. Beatty created The Dick Tracy TV Special in 2008, which featured him reprising the character to be interviewed by film critic Leonard Maltin . [4]", "Ned Thomas Beatty (born July 6, 1937) is an Academy Award-nominated American character actor. Height: 5' 7\" (1.70 m) Early life Actor Beatty was born in Louisville, Kentucky, to Charles William Beatty and Margaret Fortney Lennis, a high school lunch lady. He has a sister, Mary Margaret. In 1947, he began singing in gospel and barbershop quartets in St. Matthews, Kentucky, as well as at his local church. He made his stage debut at the age of 19, appearing in Wilderness Road, an outdoor historical pageant. He attended College at Berea College in Berea, KY Career Beatty has appeared in over 100 films and is probably most recognized from his appearances as Delbert Reese, a Tennessee lawyer and husband of Lily Tomlin (who attempts to have a sexual liaision with Gwen Welles) in Rob...", "Since starring in his first film, Splendor in the Grass (1961), Warren Beatty has been said to have demonstrated a greater longevity in movies than any actor of his generation. Few people have taken so many responsibilities for all phases of the production of films as producer, director, writer, and actor, and few have evidenced so high a level of integrity in a body of work.", "In other words, the NCAA, between 1956 and 1973, engaged in a series of legislative maneuvers that gave coaches the kind of control over the daily lives of athletes that one usually associates with employment. Yet, in the face of this reality, the college sport industry and the NCAA cartel that represents it continue to perpetuate the myth that scholarship athletes are amateurs and are no different from students on campus who engage in extracurricular activities in their free time. Sports writer Rick Telander has referred to this myth as \"the 100-yard lie.\"", "In 1998, he wrote, produced, directed and starred in the political satire Bulworth, which was critically acclaimed and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. The film also received three Golden Globe Award nominations, for Best Motion Picture, Best Actor, and Best Screenplay. Beatty has appeared briefly in numerous documentaries, including Madonna: Truth or Dare (1991) and One Bright Shining Moment: The Forgotten Summer of George McGovern (2005).", "Dolph Lundgren, best known for his action roles in Rocky IV (as Ivan Drago) and The Expendables, spent the 1976-1977 school year at WSU as an exchange student, working on a chemical engineering degree. He was also a member of the Cougar Marching Band. Contrary to some reports, he did not actually graduate from WSU. Instead, he finished his coursework at Sweden’s Royal Academy and the University of Sydney in Australia.", "Franco defended himself when he was on the Howard Stern Show, stating that he missed the classes to film 127 Hours. Franco has taught at USC, UCLA, CalArts and NYU in Film and English departments. For his students' film projects, he has helped to attach actors including Seth MacFarlane, Kate Mara, Natalie Portman, Chloe Sevigny, Kristen Wiig and Olivia Wilde. In March 2013, Franco was featured in half-page print advertisements for his alma mater UCLA, which celebrated the university's famous alumnus as a \"prolific academic\", and carried the tagline: \"Some A-Listers Actually Get A's\".", "* In 1991, Powell was inducted into the Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans, which \"honors the achievements of outstanding individuals in U.S. society who have succeeded in spite of adversity and of encouraging young people to pursue their dreams through higher education.\"" ]

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[ "Crystal, born in 1948, has been strongly influenced by his New York City roots, and even wrote a one-man play, \"700 Sundays,\" about time spent with his father while growing up on Long Island. It earned him a Tony Award in 2005. Crystal is also a Yankees fan and was good enough as a player to be offered a college baseball scholarship. He directed the HBO movie \"61*,\" about the 1961 season when Yankees teammates Roger Maris and Mickey Mantle chased the single-year home-run record.", "After graduation from Long Beach High School, Billy Crystal attended Marshall University in Huntington, West Virginia on a baseball scholarship, having learned the game from his father, who pitched for St. John's University. Billy Crystal never played a game at Marshall because the program was suspended during his freshman year, and because he was too busy being the Editor in Chief of The BG News from 1969�70. Billy Crystal did not return to Marshall as a sophomore, staying back in New York with his future wife. He instead attended Nassau Community College and later New York University, where Billy Crystal graduated in 1970 with a BFA from its Tisch School of the Arts.", "After graduation from Long Beach High School, Crystal attended Marshall University in Huntington, West Virginia, on a baseball scholarship, having learned the game from his father, who pitched for St. John's University. Crystal never played a game at Marshall because the program was suspended during his freshman year. He did not return as a sophomore, staying back in New York with his future wife. He then went on to Nassau Community College, and later attended New York University, where he graduated with a B.F.A. from NYU's Tisch School of the Arts in 1970. He was also the Editor-in-Chief of the BG News from 1969–70.", "One rare feature of the United States sports landscape, as compared to that of other nations, is the extent to which sports are associated with educational institutions. In many regions of the country, college sports (either local teams, or those of a large state university), especially in football and men's basketball, enjoy followings that rival or surpass those of major professional teams. (In fact, 8 of the 10 largest stadiums in the world — all seating more than 100,000 spectators — are for U.S. college football teams, and the country's largest arena designed specifically for basketball houses a college team.) The primary governing body for U.S. college sports is the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ), which has over 1,000 member schools, including essentially all of the country's best-known colleges and universities. The college football season runs from roughly September 1 through mid-December, with postseason bowl games running into early January. The college basketball regular season begins in mid-November and ends in late February or early March, followed by conference tournaments and then national post-season tournaments that run through early April. The NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament, popularly known as \"March Madness\" (an NCAA trademark), is especially widely followed even by casual sports fans. Rowing enthusiasts may wish to watch the Harvard–Yale Regatta, a 4-mile long race held in Connecticut every year between the men's coxed eight rowing teams of naturally, Harvard University and Yale University.", "Basketball is another major sport, represented professionally by the National Basketball Association. It was invented in Springfield, Massachusetts in 1891, by Canadian-born physical education teacher James Naismith. College basketball is also popular, due in large part to the NCAA men's Division I basketball tournament in March, also known as March Madness.", "In his senior season at Eau Claire, O'Neal's averages of 22.4 points, 12.4 rebounds and 5.2 blocks per game ensured that he was voted First Team All-State, South Carolina’s Player of the Year and \"Mr. Basketball\". Named to USA Today’s All-USA Basketball Team, he earned a spot in the McDonald's All-America Game as well. Despite being one of the nation’s top prospects, O'Neal's future in college basketball was uncertain. He scored poorly on the SATs , and Glymph advised against him making the leap to the NBA . But it was only a year before that another South Carolinian—future NBA All-Star Kevin Garnett —had made a seamless transition from high school to the NBA, and O'Neal thought he could emulate Garnett. [2]", "The state's most popular amateur sport is basketball. The high school boys' basketball tournament culminates on the last Saturday in March, when the four finalists play afternoon and evening games to determine the winner. A tournament for girls' basketball teams began in 1976. Basketball is also popular at the college level: Indiana University won the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I basketball championship in 1940, 1953, 1976, 1981, and 1987 and the National Invitational Tournament (NIT) in 1979; Purdue University won the NIT title in 1974; and Indiana State, led by state basketball legend Larry Bird, advanced to the NCAA finals in 1979. Evansville College won the NCAA Division II championships in 1959–60, 1964–65, and 1971.", "The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) is a non-profit association which regulates athletes of 1,281 institutions, conferences, organizations, and individuals. It also organizes the athletic programs of many colleges and universities in the United States and Canada, and helps more than 450,000 college student-athletes who compete annually in college sports. The organization is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana. In 2014, the NCAA generated almost a billion dollars in revenue. 80 to 90% of this revenue was due to the Men's Division I Basketball Tournament. This revenue is then distributed back into various organizations and institutions across the United States. ", "March Madness was in full swing in 1979 when the Michigan State Spartans locked horns with the undefeated Indiana State Sycamores in the NCAA basketball title game. With MSU’s Earvin “Magic” Johnson and ISU’s Larry Bird as the featured superstars, the 1979 championship game proved to be one of the most heralded in college basketball history.", "In college basketball and college football, the two collegiate sports with the most television coverage in the United States, a top player from each team is usually honoured as \"players of the game.\" These athletes usually cannot collect material prizes due to NCAA regulations. Instead, television companies broadcasting the game or corporate sponsors will often make donations to the scholarship funds of each school in the names of the winning players.", "The final game marked the beginning of the rivalry between future Hall of Famers Johnson and Larry Bird. To this day, it remains the highest-rated game in the history of televised college basketball. Both Magic and Bird would enter the NBA in the fall of 1979, and the rivalry between them and their teams (respectively, the Los Angeles Lakers and Boston Celtics) was a major factor in the league's renaissance in the 1980s and 1990s. The game also led to the \"modern era\" of college basketball, as it introduced a nationwide audience to a sport that was once relegated to second-class status in the sports world.", "This Virginia native had one of the most significant careers in basketball history, combining excellence on the court and cultural impact off the court. He followed his stellar career at Bethel High School by joining Hall of Fame coach John Thompson at Georgetown University. A consensus All-American in '95-96, he set the school record in career scoring average in his two years at Georgetown at 23 PPG. He was the first player chosen in the 1996 NBA Draft and was named Rookie of the Year in 1997. Yep, he stepped over Tyronn Lue as well. He was an 11-time NBA All-Star, four-time scoring champ and league MVP in 2001. He led the Sixers to The Finals in 2001. They won Game 1 against the Lakers, and Shaq and the guys took it from there. Boasting a career scoring average of 26.7, he had his No. 3 retired by the Sixers in 2014. Selected as a finalist by the North American Committee as a player, Allen Iverson.", "Since he was nine years old, he wanted to be a professional baseball player, and played all throughout high school. He attended Marshall University in West Virginia on a baseball scholarship, but the program was abolished the following year. He then transferred to Nassau Community College in Long… more", "Early Players College Teams Black basketball players were nothing new. African-Americans dotted the college basketball landscape - George Gregory Jr. became the first black All-American basketball player at Columbia University in 1931, William Garrett broke the color barrier of major college basketball programs by becoming the first black player in the Big Ten Conference when he joined the Indiana Hoosiers in 1947, and in 1948, Clarence Walker became the first black player to play in a national college basketball championship tournament when he stepped on the court for Indiana State University at the National Association for Intercollegiate Basketball (NAIB) tournament. Teams like the Globetrotters and the New York Rens (for Renaissance, a barnstorming team from the 1920s and 30s) had been playing games against all-white teams for years. But black basketball players had yet to make their way into any professional basketball league when 1950 rolled around.", "Some people honestly just cannot catch a break. For instance,  For instance, on a normal March 30th, 1981, people would have been talking about Indiana University claiming a National Title in Men’s Basketball over the University of North Carolina Tar Heels. What were they talking about instead? Ronald Reagan getting shot by John Hinckley. Sorry Isiah Thomas, but you should be used to being overshadowed anyhow.", "Charlie played baseball, basketball and football in Roger Ludlowe High School in Fairfield, CT. He then attended the University of Connecticut.  He was 2-time All-Big East Pitcher of the Year while at UConn and 2-time All-New England selection and posted a two-year collegiate record of 10-7 w/5 saves and a 2.59 ERA in 29 games, 19 starts. Charles was a member of the U.S. team that won the gold medal at the '88 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea where he led Team USA with a 1.05 ERA. Charles was named to the all-time USA Baseball National Team in a poll conducted by the fans in December of 1999.", "1969 - 31st NCAA Men's Basketball Championship: UCLA beats Purdue 92-72 UCLA wins its 5th national championship in 6 years", "At the collegiate level, the San Francisco Dons compete in NCAA Division I. Bill Russell led the Don's basketball team to NCAA championships in 1955 and 1956. AT&T Park hosted the annual Fight Hunger Bowl college football game from 2002 through 2013 before it moved to Santa Clara.", "11: Billy Crystal (2000) By now, seven-time host Crystal had it down to a science. His usual Best Picture medley included a lyric parodying Barbra Streisand's \"People\" in order to spoof \"The Sixth Sense\": \"People/Kids who see dead people/Are the spookiest people in the world.\" He even managed not to get lost in the forest of 40-foot-tall video screen towers, part of one of the most technically ambitious Oscar productions ever. Still, not even Crystal's rapid-fire wit could keep the show from passing the four-hour mark.", "One of the greatest athletes ever produced by the University of Kansas, Bausch starred in track, basketball and football, earning the nickname of \"Jarring Jim\" for his exploits as a fullback. He started his college career at Wichita State, where he competed in football, basketball and track before transferring to Kansas. As a track athlete at Kansas, Bausch threw the discus, javelin and shot, but wasn't quite good enough to win a national championship in any of these events. After becoming a multi-event competitor, he won the National AAU pentathlon in 1931 and was sixth in the decathlon. A year later, he won the AAU decathlon in his second try at the 10-event competition. At the Olympics, he made his third decathlon truly memorable, setting a world record while capturing the gold medal. He won four of the ten events, including the pole vault, where he cleared 13' 1 1/2\", which would have earned him fifth place in the Olympic vault competition. His Olympic victory helped him win the 1932 Sullivan Award as the top amateur athlete of the year. Bausch later played pro football, served in World War II and was an insurance salesman.", "Clem and teammate Dwight Smith became the first black athletes to integrate the Western Kentucky Hilltoppers basketball program in 1963. Haskins would complete his college career with numerous honors. These include Ohio Valley Conference Player of the in 1966 and 1967 and First-team All-American in 1967.", "Moses Malone was the first basketball player to go directly from high school to a professional American team.", "1959: On Halloween night in Baton Rouge, La., Billy Cannon goes from All-American to legend in one play. To do it, the LSU running back breaks coach Paul Dietzel's rule: Don't field a punt inside the 15-yard line. But with top-ranked LSU trailing third-ranked Mississippi 3-0 and 10 minutes left, Cannon catches a 47-yard punt on the 11-yard line and begins one of the most breathtaking runs in college history.", "College Game Suffers With some of the top talent in the country foregoing college, the college game suffered, with a somewhat steady drop in ratings from 1995 onward. Many believe the quality of play also suffered. At the same time, perception of the NBA suffered greatly; many of the high schoolers who came into the league did not do well, and many attributed it to immaturity. In 2005, under a new collective bargaining agreement, the league imposed restrictions on the draft; players now had to be at least 19 years old in the calendar year of the draft and be one year removed from high school. This has led most players who would've joined the NBA after high school to spend a year in college before joining the league. Some players, notably Brandon Jennings in 2008, played abroad for a year before joining the NBA. The last three Rookie of the Year award winners in the NBA (as of 2010) all played one year in college before joining the NBA, while the previous four number one overall picks did the same thing.", "will eventually be offered University Division (now D1) scholarships, while six of them will earn all state honors (juniors Joe Sroba, younger brother of Steve, and Mark Strawbridge garner the nod in 1972 when they are seniors). Cordelli goes on to a long coaching career including serving as an assistant coach on Notre Dame's 1988 national championship team while Lodge plays at NC State and then Villanova. He sees action in several major Bowl games with the Tarheels while later earning all-East honors as a Wildcat. McHale is a member of Penn State's 1974 Orange Bowl team. Other schools that see Redskins from its '71 team include Southern Miss, Clemson, Georgia Tech, Yale, Cincinnati and Army.", "Duquesne was the city's first team to appear in a Final Four (1940), obtain a number one AP Poll ranking (1954), and to win a post-season national title, the 1955 National Invitation Tournament on its second straight trip to the NIT title game. Duquesne is the only college program to produce back-to-back NBA #1 overall draft picks with 1955's Dick Ricketts and 1956's Sihugo Green. Duquesne's Chuck Cooper was the first African American drafted by an NBA team. ", "Kyle joked that he looks forward to life after college in New York City. He said, “I want to live at the beach, have a great job and a beautiful wife.” He will major in business, economics or political science. Jake said he shanked as many punts as he made and some of them hit Assistant Coach Jeff Wolfinger in the head. He credited perseverance and hard work as the ticket to success. “After college, I’ll be serving five years doing something fun, like flying planes or jumping out of them.” Brett offered his typical refrain of giving credit to those around him. “A group of senior leaders put me on the path and I try to pay it forward by giving those behind me the same edge. We can do more than we think we can. I want to survive college, sleep every night, run. It would be cool to make it to nationals. I want to help lead my team in the conference.”", "In 2007, Abdul-Jabbar participated in the national UCLA alumni commercial entitled \"My Big UCLA Moment\". The UCLA commercial is featured on YouTube.", "The star of the program under \"Sox\" Walseth was undoubtedly Cliff Meely. Walseth often called Meely \"the most complete player\" he had ever coached, and Meely set sixteen school records while playing for the Buffaloes and eight Big 8 Conference records. ", "Roly Meates was national coach from 1975 to 1977 and Noel Murphy from 1977 to 1980. Willie John McBride was coach until 1984.", "1954 – Nicknamed “The Corbin Comet”,  Frank Selvy is best remembered for scoring 100 points in a college game for South Carolina’s Furman University against Newberry College on February 13th, 1954, the only NCAA Division I player ever to do so.", "With Flam remaining behind for a family issue, the Ligonier team proceeded under the direction of team captain Dennis Kraft, a member of Penn State’s 2009 national championship team. Joining Kraft on the Ligonier team were Sam Larsen, Ben Russell and Jesse Wallak." ]

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[ "Brown retired in July 1966, [10] [11] after only nine seasons, as the NFL’s all-time leading rusher. He held the record of 12,312 yards until it was broken by Walter Payton on October 7, 1984, during Payton’s 10th NFL season. Brown is still the Cleveland Browns all-time leading rusher. [12] Currently Jim Brown is ninth on the all-time rushing list. [13]", "Brown retired in July 1966, after only nine seasons as the NFL's all-time leading rusher. He held the record of 12,312 yards until it was broken by Walter Payton on October 7, 1984, during Payton's 10th NFL season. Brown is still the Cleveland Browns all-time leading rusher. Currently Jim Brown is ninth on the all-time rushing list. ", "1984: The play is \"Toss 28 Weak.\" The Chicago Bears have run it countless times, but today Walter Payton runs into history on it. Taking the pitchout to his left behind fullback Matt Suhey and left guard Mark Bortz, Payton rushes for sx yards and past Jim Brown in the record book. Brown had gained 12,312 yards in his nine-year career, but Payton passes him as the NFL's all-time rushing leader.", "Jim Brown’s 1,000-yard season of 1962 doesn’t materially change much of NFL history. For example, whether he ran for 12,312 yards (his \"official\" mark) or 12,327 yards (the \"unofficial\" mark), Brown is still No. 9 on the all-time rushing list, one spot behind Tony Dorsett (12,739) and one spot ahead of Marshall Faulk (12,279).", "In 1972 with coach Saban at the helm, Simpson rushed for over 1,000 yards in the season for the first time in his career, gaining a league leading total of 1,251 yards. In 1973, Simpson became the first player to break the highly coveted 2,000 yard rushing mark, with 2,003 total rushing yards and 12 touchdowns. Simpson broke the mark during the last game of the season against the New York Jets with a 7-yard rush. That same game also saw Simpson break Jim Brown's single season rushing record of 1,863 yards.[http://www.nytimes.com/packages/html/sports/year_in_sports/12.16.html O.J. Writes History in the Snow]. New York Times. 16 December 1973. Retrieved 27 June 2016. For his performance, Simpson won that year's NFL MVP Award and Bert Bell Award.[http://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/award_apmvp.htm AP MVP winner]. pro-football-reference.com. Retrieved 29 June 2016.[https://www.maxwellfootballclub.org/bert-bell-award-winners Bert Bell Award Winners]. Maxwell Football Club. Retrieved 29 June 2016. While other players had broken the 2,000-yard mark since Simpson, this record happened back when the NFL only had 14 game seasons, as opposed to the 16 game seasons since the 1978 season. ", "'Still, while the quarterbacks were lauded in the '80s, running backs were not to be forgotten. 1984 featured Eric Dickerson setting the record for most rushing yards in a single season (with 2,105). And in 1987, Chicago Bears running back Walter Payton retired after setting or tying six NFL records, including career rushing yards, career rushing attempts, single-game rushing yards and most seasons with 1,000-yards or more. Payton also played for the '85 Bears, considered by many to be one of the greatest teams of all time. The Bears collected a 15-1 regular season record and went on to defeat the New England Patriots 46-10 in the Super Bowl, the most lopsided Super Bowl in history, behind a historically stifling defense; the Bears only gave up 10 points in their three playoff games (and those were to the Patriots in the Super Bowl), shutting out the Giants and Rams. The Bears defense, coached by coordinator Buddy Ryan, featured a new scheme, the 46 defense, in which pressure to the quarterback could be applied from anywhere, at any given time. Their 72 sacks that year are the most by any team in history.'", "Running back Jerome Harrison is known for a single game in 2009 where he rushed for 286 yards, breaking the Cleveland Browns' single game rushing record, which was held by the legendary Jim Brown.", "'While the NFL had its first 2,000-yard rusher in 1973, it would not have another player reach that milestone for 11 years, and only five players have ever done it in NFL history. The college game in the '80s, however, was the beginning of a slew of 2,000 rushers. Since the first 2,000-yard rusher, Marcus Allen in 1981 (who also won the Heisman that year), 14 other players had reached the 2,000-yard plateau in a single season. The highest total ever was also achieved in the 1980's , by Barry Sanders, who in 1988, ran for an astonishing 2,628 yards. Sanders is also the only back ever to rush for 2,000 yards in both college and the pros, piling up 2,053 for the Lions in '97, the second most in NFL history. Ironically, only one 2,000-yard rusher ever won either a national title or a Super Bowl - the Denver Broncos' Terrell Davis, who ran for 2,008 yards in 1998 while the Broncos won their second Super Bowl. And although running back Herschel Walker never ran for over 2,000 yards, he did set 11 NCAA records in his only 3 years playing for Georgia.'", "In Brown’s first four years, the regular season was just 12 games. It was 14 games for his last five years. That makes his average of 1,368 yards per season even more impressive. He had 1,527 yards in his second season and then a career-high 1,863 yards in his seventh season, which if played out over a 16-game schedule would still be a league-record 2,129 yards. Eric Dickerson holds the single-season record with 2,105 yards in 1984. The NFL went to a 16-game season in 1978.", "In 1959 the Browns started 6–2 but finished 7–5, out of championship contention, despite Brown once again leading the league in rushing with 1,329 yards. In 1960, Plum threw for 21 touchdowns and Brown's 1,257 yards was still best in the NFL, but the team still finished second at 8–3–1.", "The most successful franchise of the 1980s was the San Francisco 49ers , which featured the West Coast offense of head coach Bill Walsh . This offense was led by three-time Super Bowl MVP quarterback Joe Montana , Super Bowl MVP wide receiver Jerry Rice , and tight end Brent Jones . Under their leadership, the 49ers won four Super Bowls in the decade ( XVI , XIX , XXIII , and XXIV ) and made nine playoff appearances between 1981 and 1990, including eight division championships, becoming the second dynasty of the post-merger NFL. The 1980s also produced the 1985 Chicago Bears , who posted an 18–1 record under head coach Mike Ditka , colorful quarterback Jim McMahon , and Hall of Fame running back Walter Payton and won Super Bowl XX in dominating fashion. The Washington Redskins and New York Giants were also top teams of this period; the Redskins won Super Bowls XVII and XXII and the Giants claimed Super Bowls XXI and XXV . As in the 1970s, the Oakland Raiders were the only team to interrupt the Super Bowl dominance of other teams; they won Super Bowls XV and XVIII (the latter as the Los Angeles Raiders).", "Brown’s record of scoring 100 touchdowns in only 93 games stood until LaDainian Tomlinson did it in 89 games during the 2006 season. Brown holds the record for total seasons leading the NFL in all-purpose yards (five: 1958–1961, 1964), and is the only rusher in NFL history to average over 100 yards per game for a career. In addition to his rushing, Brown was a superb receiver out of the backfield, catching 262 passes for 2,499 yards and 20 touchdowns, while also adding another 628 yards returning kickoffs.", "The 1980s also produced the 1985 Chicago Bears, who posted an 18–1 record under head coach Mike Ditka; colorful quarterback Jim McMahon; and Hall of Fame running back Walter Payton. Their team won Super Bowl XX in dominating fashion. The Washington Redskins and New York Giants were also top teams of this period; the Redskins won Super Bowls XVII, XXII, and XXVI. The Giants claimed Super Bowls XXI and XXV. As in the 1970s, the Oakland Raiders were the only team to interrupt the Super Bowl dominance of other teams; they won Super Bowls XV and XVIII (the latter as the Los Angeles Raiders).", "The Browns responded in 1957 when they drafted fullback Jim Brown out of Syracuse , who easily became the NFL's leading rusher (and NFL Rookie of the Year ) with 942 yards in a 12-game regular season. Once again at the top of the division at 9–2–1, they advanced back to the Championship Game against Detroit. But the Lions dominated from start to finish, causing six turnovers and allowing the Browns' two quarterbacks (Tommy O'Connell and Milt Plum ) only 95 yards passing in a 59–14 rout, the Lions' last league championship to date.", "Jim Brown is to running backs what Superman is to cartoon heroes. Standing 6-foot-2 and packing 230 hard pounds on his square-shouldered frame, he was an explosive fullback, combining outstanding speed with awesome power. He played only nine seasons for the Cleveland Browns - and led the NFL in rushing eight times.", "Due to its concrete construction and the Seahawks' raucous fans, the Kingdome was known as one of the loudest stadiums in the NFL. Opposing teams were known to practice with rock music blaring full blast to prepare for the high decibel levels typical of Seahawk home games. In 1987 , Bo Jackson of the Los Angeles Raiders rushed for 221 yards, the most ever on Monday Night Football , and scored 2 touchdowns. One of his scores was a 91 yard touchdown and the other was a historic plowing into Seahawks high-profile rookie linebacker Brian \"The Boz\" Bosworth .", "Most rushing yards in a Super Bowl – Quarterback Doug Williams won the Super Bowl MVP award in 1988, but rookie running back Timmy Smith set a Super Bowl record that year with 204 rushing yards against Denver.", "If 1980 was a dream season, then 1981 was a nightmare. Sipe threw only 17 touchdowns while being picked off 25 times. The Browns went 5–11, and few of their games were particularly close. Tight end Ozzie Newsome , their only Pro Bowler, had 1,004 yards receiving for six touchdowns.", "Brown is considered to be one of the greatest, if not the greatest, running back to ever play in the NFL. Simpson achieved notoriety after his career ended, but people should not forget that he was also one of the greatest running backs in the history of the league. Harris helped the Pittsburgh Steelers win four Super Bowl championships, and he earned Most Valuable honors in one of them. Allen also helped his team, the Oakland Raiders, get to the Super Bowl, and he earned Super Bowl MVP honors. He was a six-time Pro Bowler.", "Jim Brown age 79 James Nathaniel \"Jim\" Brown is an American former professional football player and actor. He is best known for his exceptional and record-setting nine year career as a running back for the", "Arguably even bigger than Max McGee is Washington RB Timmy Smith in Super Bowl XXII. Only in the line up because of an injury to George Rogers, Smith ran for a still-standing SB record 204 yards and two touchdowns. Smith never came close to those numbers again and was out of football within two seasons.", "Eric Dickerson's 2,105 yards rushing holds up well – it's 23 years old and was accomplished during the 16-game-schedule era. Some, however, say O.J. Simpson's 2,003 yards in 1973 were more impressive because they came in a 14-game season.", "Shell's five-plus-year tenure as head coach in Los Angeles was marked particularly by a bitter dispute between star running back Marcus Allen and Al Davis. The exact source of the friction is unknown, but a contract dispute led Davis to refer to Allen as \"a cancer on the team.\" [23] By the late 1980s, injuries began to reduce Allen's role in the offense. This role was reduced further in 1987, when the Raiders drafted Bo Jackson—even though he originally decided to not play professional football in 1986 (when drafted by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the first round). [24] By 1990, Allen had dropped to fourth on the team's depth chart, leading to resentment on the part of his teammates. In late 1992 Allen lashed out publicly at Davis, and accused him of trying to ruin his career. [25] [26] In 1993, Allen left to play for the rival Kansas City Chiefs.", "“Jim Brown higher than any quarterback?” King said. “Well, he dominated more than any quarterback has, and he did it in a time when the running game was everything. He was as big as a linebacker, as fast as a receiver. Imagine averaging a 100-yard game for your career. He averaged 104.3.”", "The Packers replaced Starr with another beloved player from the Lombardi era. On Dec. 24, 1983, Forrest Gregg, a former Starr teammate and one of the premier offensive tackles in football history, became the Packers’ ninth head coach. Gregg had led Cincinnati into Super Bowl XVI following the 1981 season and his 19-6 record over the 1981-82 seasons was the best in pro football.", "No, it is Don Majkowski, who somehow managed five comebacks and a then-record seven game-winning drives in his 1989 Pro Bowl season. He finished second in MVP voting, though that meant getting six votes to 62 for Joe Montana. The Packers won 10 games for the first time since 1972.", "After the 1982 season Redskins placekicker Mark Moseley was the first and only placekicker in NFL history to be named the NFL's Most Valuable Player; Moseley made 20 of 21 field goals attempted in 1982. Redskins head coach Joe Gibbs also won his first NFL Coach of the Year Award in 1982 which was the first of his back to back NFL Coach of the Year Awards, his second coming in the 1983 NFL season.", "When watching tape of Jim Brown during his playing days, he appears to be a man playing against boys. And the biggest argument against him being the best running back of all time is the fact that defenders during his generation just weren't as big as they are today. The thing his critics fail to take into consideration, however, when making that argument is that if he played today, he would be privy to all the latest training techniques and advances in nutrition and would be bigger, stronger, and faster himself.", "+----------------------+----------------------+ | Rushing | Receiving | +----------+----+----------------------+----------------------+ | Year TM | G | Att Yards Y/A TD | Rec Yards Y/R TD | +----------+----+----------------------+----------------------+ | 1976 phi | 14 | 0 0 0.0 0 | 0 0 0.0 0 | | 1977 phi | 14 | 0 0 0.0 0 | 1 15 15.0 0 | | 1978 phi | 13 | 0 0 0.0 0 | 0 0 0.0 0 | +----------+----+----------------------+----------------------+ | TOTAL | 41 | 0 0 0.0 0 | 1 15 15.0 0 | +----------+----+----------------------+----------------------+", "Majkowski started just eight more games in his career as a member of the Colts and Lions. His next best season in terms of passing yards was 2,119 yards in 1988. That makes the 1989 total of 4,310 more than double the amount of his next best season.", "Brown won the gold medal at the 1984 Games in Los Angeles as a member of the 4x100-meter relay team. He also took fourth in the 100-meter competition. Brown had a productive NFL career with the Los Angeles Rams (1984-1991). He also spent one season with the Raiders in 1990. Brown was selected to the Pro Bowl in 1985 because of his proficiency as a kick returner.", "Running back Earl Campbell #35 of the New Orleans Saints sits on the sideline during a 1984 NFL game. Rick Stewart/Getty Images" ]

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[ "The Rumble in the Jungle was a historic boxing event that took place on 30 October 1974, in the Mai 20 Stadium in Kinshasa, Zaire (now Democratic Republic of the Congo). It pitted then world Heavyweight champion George Foreman against former world champion and challenger Muhammad Ali.", "\"The Rumble in The Jungle\" was a historic boxing match which took place on October 30, 1974 in the May 20 Stadium in Kinshasa, Zaire (now Democratic Republic of the Congo). It pitted then World Heavyweight Champion George Foreman against former champion and #1 contender Muhammad Ali , who became the second fighter ever, after Floyd Patterson , to regain the World Heavyweight Championship.", "The Rumble in the Jungle was a historic boxing event in Kinshasa, Zaire (now Democratic Republic of the Congo) on October 30, 1974 (at 4:00 am). Held at the 20th of May Stadium (now the Stade Tata Raphaël), it pitted the undefeated world heavyweight champion George Foreman against challenger Muhammad Ali, a former heavyweight champion. Attendance was about 60,000. Ali won by knockout, putting Foreman down just before the end of the eighth round. It has been called \"arguably the greatest sporting event of the 20th century\". The event was one of Don King's first ventures as a professional boxing promoter. ", "The Rumble in the Jungle takes place in Kinshasa, Zaire, where Muhammad Ali knocks out George Foreman in 8 rounds to regain the Heavyweight title, which had been stripped from him 7 years earlier.", "The epic heavyweight world championship bout between George Foreman and Muhammad Ali known as the 'Rumble in the Jungle' had its 40th anniversary recently.", "Images from the days leading to the legendary 1974 boxing match and from the fight itself, in which Muhammad Ali knocked out George Foreman in front of 60,000 people in Kinshasa, part of what was then known as Zaire, in the bout known as the “Rumble in the Jungle”.", "Congo was the venue for the famous \"Rumble in the Jungle\" when Muhammad Ali famaously beat George Foreman.", "George Foreman also known as ‘Big George’ and ‘The Heywood Giant’, the 6ft 3inch texan is a former two-time World Heavyweight Champion and Olympic gold medalist. Foreman also owns the reputation as being one of the hardest punchers in boxing history. Some of his most notable bouts were his thrilling knockout victory against Joe Frazier in 1973 and his KO loss to Muhammad Ali in “The Rumble in the Jungle” in 1974.", "A documentary of the 1974 heavyweight championship bout in Zaire, \"The Rumble in the Jungle,\" between champion George Foreman and underdog challenger Muhammad Ali.", "Jeff Powell's Greatest Fights: George Foreman v Muhammad Ali, the Rumble in the Jungle, on October 30, 1974, made both men famous in victory and defeat", "The Rumble in the Jungle - George Foreman vs Muhammad Ali -Stadium in Kinshasa, Zaire Oct. 30 - 1974 - Video Dailymotion", "In one of the biggest upsets in boxing history, Ali regained his title on October 30, 1974 by defeating champion George Foreman in their bout in Kinshasa, Zaire. Hyped as “The Rumble In The Jungle,” the fight was promoted by Don King.", "In one of the biggest upsets in boxing history, Ali regained his title on October 30, 1974 by defeating champion George Foreman in their bout in Kinshasa , Zaire . Hyped as “ The Rumble in the Jungle “, the fight was promoted by Don King .", "In this Oct. 30, 1974 file photo, referee Zack Clayton, right, steps in after challenger Muhammad Ali looks on after knocking down defending heavyweight champion George Foreman in the eighth round of their championship bout in Kinshasa, Zaire. Ali regained the world heavyweight crown by knockout in the eighth round of the fight dubbed \"Rumble in the Jungle.\" ", "On October 30, 1974, the undefeated (40 and 0) Foreman lost for the first time in his professional career to none other than Muhammad Ali in the eighth round of a brutal fight. It was called the \"Rumble in the Jungle\" because it took place in Zaire. Today, the bout is considered by many to be the greatest sporting event of the 20th century.", "Perspiration flies from the head of George Foreman as he takes a right from challenger Muhammad Ali in the seventh round in the match dubbed Rumble in the Jungle in Kinshasa, Zaire, which is now known as the Republic of Congo, Oct. 30, 1974.", "In this photo taken on October 30, 1974 Muhammad Ali and George Foreman shown boxing in Kinshasa in the fight known as the \"Rumble in the Jungle\". AFP Photo", "Project MUSE - “Rumble in the Jungle”: Muhammad Ali vs. George Foreman in the Age of Global Spectacle", "George Foreman, a greenhorn in boxing circles with only 18 matches under his belt, emerged from inner-city Houston to win the heavyweight gold medal. After the Games, Foreman embarked on a professional boxing career that included a first world title in 1973, a spot opposite Muhammad Ali in the \"Rumble in the Jungle\" in 1974, and an improbable championship in 1994 at age 45.", "He was hosting the iconic boxing match, Rumble in the Jungle, where Ali fought with George Foreman.", "Ali and Foreman fight October 30, 1974, in what was billed as \"The Rumble in the Jungle.\" Ali, a huge underdog, knocked out Foreman in the eighth round to regain the title that was stripped from him in 1967.", "Muhammad Ali v George Foreman: the Rumble in the Jungle – in pictures | Sport | The Guardian", "Foreman's next title defence, against Muhammad Ali, was historic. During the summer of 1974, he traveled to Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo) to defend his title against Ali. The bout was promoted as \"The Rumble in the Jungle.\"", "This is the famous \"Rumble in the Jungle\" fight, held in Zaire, Africa. It was at least 85 degrees in the ring. In the end, Ali became just the second man to reclaim the world heavyweight title when he knocked out George Foreman in eight. ", "Ali's win over Foreman became known as \"The Rumble in the Jungle,\" fought in then what was called Zaire and is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo.", "“Last night I had a dream, When I got to Africa, I had one hell of a rumble. I had to beat Tarzan’s behind first, For claiming to be King of the Jungle. For this fight, I’ve wrestled with alligators, I’ve tussled with a whale. I done handcuffed lightning And thrown thunder in jail. You know I’m bad. Just last week, I murdered a rock, Injured a stone, Hospitalized a brick. I’m so mean, I make medicine sick. I’m so fast, man, I can run through a hurricane and don’t get wet. When George Foreman meets me, He’ll pay his debt. I can drown the drink of water, and kill a dead tree. Wait till you see Muhammad Ali.” —prior to 1974 fight with George Foreman Ali in training for his epic battle with Foreman", "\"The Rumble In The Jungle\"  On October 30th, 1974 Ali tangles with Foreman in Kinshasa, Zaire -- the \"Rumble in the Jungle\". Ali is a 3-1 underdog, and many actually fear for his safety against perhaps the hardest puncher in heavyweight title history. But Ali is in tremendous shape, and he has spotted a weakness in Foreman's armor. Letting Foreman punch himself out by employing his now famous \"rope-a-dope\", Ali covers up on the ropes as Foreman exhausts himself before the fight is even half over. In the eighth round, Ali comes off the ropes and stuns Foreman with a combination, dropping him in the center of the ring where he is counted out with two seconds left in the round. Again Ali has done the impossible, as he becomes only the second man to ever regain the heavyweigt crown.", "Upsets the odds to beat George Foreman and win back world heavyweight title in round eight in Zaire, an extraordinary fight dubbed 'The Rumble in the Jungle'.", "George Edward Foreman (born January 10, 1949) is an American former professional boxer. Nicknamed \"Big George\", in his boxing career he was a two-time world heavyweight champion and an Olympic gold medalist. Outside the sport he went on to become an ordained minister, author and entrepreneur.", "After racking up an amateur record of 22 and 4, George turned pro in 1969. Over the next three years, George went on an impressive 32 and 0 streak, with 29 wins by knockout. This record put him squarely in position to challenge the then-undefeated Smokin Joe Frazier. Their fight, which became known as the \"Sunshine Showdown\" took place on January 22nd, 1973 in Kingston, Jamaica. Foreman knocked Joe down six times in the first two rounds alone. On the sixth knockdown, ringside announcer Howard Cosell made the now-famous call:", "Foreman has been inducted into the World Boxing Hall of Fame and the International Boxing Hall of Fame . The International Boxing Research Organization (IBRO) currently rates Foreman as the eighth greatest heavyweight of all-time. [3] In 2002, he was named one of the 25 greatest fighters of the past eighty years by The Ring magazine. [4] The Ring also ranked him as the 9th greatest puncher of all-time. [5] He was a ringside analyst for HBO 's boxing coverage for twelve years, leaving in 2004. [6] Outside of boxing, he is a successful entrepreneur and is known for his promotion of the George Foreman Grill , which has sold over 100 million units worldwide. [7] In 1999 he sold the naming rights to the grill for $138 million. [8]", "So where did \"The Rumble in the Jungle\" come from? Price traces it back to Drew \"Bundini\" Brown, one of Ali's assistant trainers and a cornerman who Price remembers saying, \"Rumble, baby, rumble!\"" ]

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[ "Aaron's first tryout for the major leagues was in 1949 at the age of 15 with the Brooklyn Dodgers, but he failed to make the team. His first paying job, at the age of 17, was as a shortstop in the Negro Leagues with the Mobile Black Bears, earning $10.00 a game. He began his professional career as a shortstop in the Negro American League, playing for the Indianapolis Clowns, leading the team to a 1952 Negro League World Series. A few months into his career, the Boston Braves of the National League bought his contract, and he played for the Braves' minor-league affiliate in Eau Claire, Wisconsin. In 1954, Aaron was brought up to the major leagues as the right fielder for the Braves, who had moved the franchise to Milwaukee in 1953. Soon, the Mobile native would become one of baseball's most skilled all-around players. In 1956, Aaron's third major-league season, he led the National League in hitting with a .328 average; and in 1957 he was voted the league's Most Valuable Player. Teaming with future Hall of Fame stars, including third baseman Eddie Matthews and pitcher Warren Spahn, the Braves won the National League pennant and faced the perennial champion New York Yankees in the World Series.", "Hank Aaron made his Major League debut in 1954, at age 20, when a spring training injury to a Braves outfielder created a roster spot for him. Following a solid first year (he hit .280 with 13 home runs), Aaron charged through the 1955 season with a blend of power (27 home runs), run production (106 runs batted in) and average (.328) that would come to define his long career. In 1956, after winning the first of two batting titles, Aaron registered an outstanding 1957 season, taking home the National League MVP and nearly nabbing the Triple Crown by hitting 44 home runs, knocking in another 132 and batting .322.", "Born into humble circumstances on February 5, 1934, in Mobile, Alabama, Hank Aaron ascended the ranks of the Negro Leagues to become a Major League Baseball icon. Aaron spent most of his 23 MLB seasons as an outfielder for the Milwaukee and Atlanta Braves, during which time he set many records, including a career total of 755 home runs. He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1982.", "Aaron quickly established himself as an important player for the Braves and won the National League batting title in 1956. The following season, he took home the league’s MVP award and helped the Braves beat Mickey Mantle and the heavily favored New York Yankees in the World Series. In 1959, Aaron won his second league batting title. Season after season, he turned in strong batting performances: “Hammerin’ Hank” hit .300 or higher for 14 seasons and slugged at least 40 homers in eight separate seasons. In May 1970, he became the first player in baseball to record 500 homers and 3,000 hits. The achievement Aaron is best known for, though, is breaking Babe Ruth’s record of 714 career home runs, which he did on April 8, 1974, at Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium, when he hit his 715th home run in the fourth inning of a game against the Los Angeles Dodgers. Aaron played for the Milwaukee Braves from 1954 to 1965 and then moved with the team to Atlanta in 1966. On February 29, 1972, the Atlanta Braves signed Aaron to a three-year, $200,000 per year contract that made him baseball’s best-paid player. In November 1974, the Braves traded Aaron to the Milwaukee Brewers, where he spent the final two seasons of his career. Aaron retired from baseball in 1976 with 755 career home runs, a record that stood until August 7, 2007, when it was broken by Barry Bonds of the San Francisco Giants.", "Playing with locals at Carver Park, Aaron was noticed by Ed Scott, a manager of the Mobile Black Bears -- an all-black semipro team who promptly brought Aaron in. As a shortstop for the Black Bears, Aaron showed so much promise that Scott contacted his friend McKinley \"Bunny\" Downs of the Negro American League's Indianapolis Clowns. After Aaron turned 18 he was given a contract by the Clowns. On the Clowns, Hank revealed himself as such a serious prospect that Clowns owner Syd Pollock contacted the minor league director of the Boston Braves, knowing that he could get serious money for such a talent.", "Scouted by several major league teams, he signed with the Milwaukee Braves in 1952. He spent a year in the minors before making his major league debut on opening day in 1954. In 1956 Aaron won the National League (NL) batting title with a .328 average and led the league in hits (200) and doubles (34). Batting.332 in 1957, Aaron earned the NL's MVP award, led the league with 44 home runs, and helped the Braves win the World Series title.", "Bobby Thompson's broken ankle in spring training of 1954 opened the door for Aaron to join the major league team in left field. On April 13, 1954, he made his major league debut and 10 days later slugged his first career home run off of Vic Raschi of the St. Louis Cardinals.", "He started play as a 6 ft, 180 lb, shortstop, and earned $200 per month. As a result of his standout play with the Indianapolis Clowns, Aaron received two offers from MLB teams via telegram, one from the New York Giants and the other from the Boston Braves. Years later, Aaron remembered:", "His mother wanted Aaron to attend college in Florida. But with the promise to finish high school, on November 20 , 1951 he was signed by scout Bunny Downs to play for the Negro American League champion Indianapolis Clowns , earning $200 a month, after the Black Bears played an exhibition against the Clowns the previous year. He tried out for the Brooklyn Dodgers but did not get to show his abilities to the scouts there owing to the fact that he batted cross-handed.", "On June 14 , 1952 Aaron's contract was acquired by the Boston Braves for $10,000. Aaron was assigned to the Braves' Class C farm club, the Eau Claire Bears , in Eau Claire, WI where he played second base. He got two line drive singles in his first game. He won the Northern League 's Rookie of the Year Award, and he earned $350 a month. In 1953, Aaron, along with Horace Garner and Felix Mantilla , was sent to the Jacksonville Tars to break the color line in the South Atlantic League . Despite enduring non-stop racial epithets and threats, Aaron led the league in runs (115), hits (208), doubles (36), RBI (115), and batting average (.362) to become the league's Most Valuable Player. One writer said, \"Henry Aaron led the league in everything except hotel accommodations\".", "To prepare for the big leagues, Aaron played winter ball in Puerto Rico and learned to play the outfield. On March 13 , 1954 , Braves left fielder Bobby Thomson broke his ankle sliding into second base during a spring training game. The next day Aaron made his first spring training start for the Braves in left field and hit a home run.", "In 1952, as a skinny, crosshanded-batting eighteen-year-old, the future home run king played shortstop for the Negro American League's Indianapolis Clowns under manager Buster Haywood for about three months. Aaron had been signed in April for $200 per month by Bunny Downs , the Clowns' business manager, after being discovered the previous season (1951) while playing with the semi-pro Mobile Black Bears in an exhibition game against the Clowns. During the time he was with the Clowns, he was scouted by both the New York Giants and the Boston Braves and, although the Giants were unimpressed, the Braves bought his contract from Clowns' owner Syd Pollock .", "One month later, on November 2nd , the Braves traded Aaron to the Milwaukee Brewers for Roger Alexander and Dave May . Because the Brewers were an American League team, Aaron could extend his career by taking advantage of the designated hitter rule. He finished his career in 1976 with 755 homers.", "The Braves purchased Aaron from the Clowns for $10,000, which GM John Quinn thought a steal as he stated that he felt that Aaron was a $100,000 property. On June 12, 1952, Aaron signed with Braves' scout Dewey Griggs. During this time, he picked up the nickname 'pork chops' because it \"was the only thing I knew to order off the menu.\" A teammate later said, \"the man ate pork chops three meals a day, two for breakfast.\" ", "After playing Aaron returned to the Braves to serve as vice president of player development. In 1989 the Atlanta Braves named him senior vice president of the club and assistant to the president.", "On April 23, 1954, Hank Aaron knocks out the first home run of his Major League Baseball career. Twenty years later, Aaron becomes baseball’s new home run king when he broke Babe Ruth’s long-standing record of 714 career homers.", "with the Brewers. Aaron was also the last Negro League player to compete in the majors. He held the major league record for most career home runs (755 before the steroidically enhanced mutant in San Francisco), home runs with one club (Braves, 733), RBIs (2,297), total bases (6,856), most games played (3,298)", "In 1953, the Braves promoted him to the Jacksonville Braves, their Class-A affiliate in the South Atlantic League. Helped by Aaron's performance, the Braves won the league championship that year. Aaron led the league in runs (115), hits (208), doubles (36), RBI (125), total bases (338), and batting average (.362). He won the league's Most Valuable Player Award. and had such a dominant year that one sportswriter was prompted to say, \"Henry Aaron led the league in everything except hotel accommodations.\" Aaron's time with the Braves did not come without problems. He was one of the first African Americans to play in the league. The 1950s were a period of racial segregation in parts of the United States, especially the southeastern portion of the country. When Aaron traveled around Jacksonville, Florida, and the surrounding areas, he was often separated from his team because of Jim Crow laws. In most circumstances, the team was responsible for arranging housing and meals for its players, but Aaron often had to make his own arrangements. The Braves' manager, Ben Geraghty, tried his best to help Aaron on and off the field. Former Braves minor league player and sportswriter Pat Jordan said, \"Aaron gave [Geraghty] much of the credit for his own swift rise to stardom.\"", "In the meantime, fans had to be satisfied with the achievements of Hank Aaron. In the relatively hitter-friendly confines and higher-than-average altitude of Atlanta Stadium (\"The Launching Pad\"), he actually increased his offensive production. Atlanta also produced batting champions in Rico Carty (in 1970) and Ralph Garr (in 1974). In the shadow of Aaron's historical home run pursuit, was the fact that three Atlanta sluggers hit 40 or more home runs in 1973 – Darrell Evans, Davey Johnson and, of course, Aaron.", "Hank Aaron hits first home run of his MLB career - Apr 23, 1954 - HISTORY.com", "The stint in Puerto Rico also allowed Aaron to avoid being drafted into military service. Though the Korean War was over, people were still being drafted. The Braves were able to speak to the draft board, making the case that Aaron could be the player to integrate the Southern Association the following season with the Atlanta Crackers. The board appears to have been convinced, as Aaron was not drafted.", "Aaron hit his 700th home run off the Phillies' Ken Brett . The 1973 season ended with Aaron at 713 homers, after hitting a remarkable 40 in just 392 at-bats. He was 39. The Braves became the first team to have three players hit 40 or more homers in a season. Darrell Evans and Davey Johnson also reached the 40-homer mark.", "            1876-Wednesday-  The National League of Professional Baseball Clubs, which came to be more commonly known as the National League (NL), was formed. The league’s first rival came with the formation of the American Association began play in 1882. The American Association went kaput after the 1891 season. The American League (AL) was established in 1901 and in 1903, the first World Series was held.  The eight original members of the NL were: the Boston Red Stockings (then Boston Braves then Milwaukee Braves now the Atlanta Braves), Chicago White Stockings (now the Chicago Cubs), Cincinnati Red Stockings (now the Cincinnati Reds) , Hartford Dark Blues (moved to Brooklyn after1877 and played as the Brooklyn Hartfords but no, they didn’t become the Dodgers…they disbanded after a year) , Louisville Grays, (disbanded after a gambling scandal in 1877), Mutual of New York (kicked out of the league in 1878 and disappeared after refusing to pay bills), Philadelphia Athletics (kicked out of the league at the end of 1876 for refusing to make a late season road trip) and the St. Louis Brown Stockings (they were kicked out during the same gambling scandal as the Brooklyn Hartfords……. A few years later, a new team in", "Hank Aaron (as told to George Vass ): \"The Game I'll Never Forget\", Baseball Digest, August 1970, pp. 39-41. [1]", "In 1959 Aaron had a career best .355 batting average, 223 hits and 46 doubles. He also put up 39 home runs and 123 RBI to finish behind Ernie Banks and fellow teammate Eddie Matthews for the MVP award. With a record of 86-70 the Braves missed out on their third straight pennant by two games to the Los Angeles Dodgers.", "Milwaukee went wild over the Braves, who were welcomed as genuine heroes. The Braves finished 92–62 in their first season in Milwaukee, and drew a then-NL record 1.8 million fans. The success of the team was noted by many owners. Not coincidentally, the Philadelphia Athletics, St. Louis Browns, Brooklyn Dodgers, and New York Giants would leave their original hometowns within the next five years.", "As the Major League Baseball team in the U.S. capital, the Nationals are the successors to the Washington Senators, whose nickname was the Nationals (or the Nats for short). There were actually three Washington Senators teams — one from 1891 to 1899 that was in the National League, one from 1901 to 1960 that became the Minnesota Twins, and one from 1961 to 1971 that became the Texas Rangers.", "Baseball was not new to Brooklyn, which had fielded a team as early as 1849. Charles Byrne, president of the Brooklyn club which started in the Interstate League and moved into the American Association, built Washington Park on the approximate site where George Washington's Continental Army had fought the battle of Long Island. The Dodgers of 1890 transferred to the National League from the American Association, where they had won the 1889 pennant.", "Baseball's National League was born in 1876. Eight competing baseball teams met in New York City's Grand Central Hotel. The first president of the new league was Morgan Gardner Bulkeley, who later became a US Senator. The eight original cities with teams were: Boston, Chicago, Cincinnati, New York, Philadelphia, St. Louis, Louisville and Hartford. Two of the original teams are now in the American League (Boston and New York) while Louisville and Hartford are now minor-league baseball towns.", "February 2, The National League, the oldest existing major-league professional baseball organization in the United States, began play as the National League of Professional Baseball Clubs.", "In fact, there were dozens of leagues, large and small, at this time. What made the National League \"major\" was its dominant position in the major cities, particularly New York City, the edgy, emotional nerve center of baseball. The large cities offered baseball teams national media distribution systems and fan bases that could generate revenues enabling teams to hire the best players in the country.", "There were dozens of leagues, large and small, at this time. So what made the National League major? Control of the major cities, particularly New York City, the edgy, emotional nerve center of baseball with several clubs. They had both the biggest national media distribution systems of the day, and the populations that could generate big enough revenues for teams to hire the best players in the country." ]

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[ "Sportscaster : What a story he is. The legendary \"Proud Lion\". He's a two time Olympic champion, and he's come all the way from his homeland of Nigeria to run in today's event, which he's referred to as his final lap. Of course, Tonday's threatened to retire before, but if this does turn out to be his valedictory race, it'll be quite a day to remember. Of course, we'll be checking in with his progress all through our continuous coverage of the marathon.", "The men left Marathon this evening for the final event of the 2004 Olympics, running 26 miles across the countryside to Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens. Following the withdrawals of defending champion Gezahegne Abera of Ethiopia and Kenya's Sammy Korir, the favourite was Kenyan world record holder Paul Tergat, but he had dropped back to 10th by the end of the race. No Kenyan has ever won an Olympic marathon. Lima Vanderlei of Brazil had been setting the pace, despite being pushed off the road by a protester at one point. But it was Italy's Stefano Baldini was who crossed the finish line in historic Panathinaiko stadium first, followed by America's Mebrahtom Keflezighi, who was born in Eritrea. Vanderlei won the bronze.", "One of the most beautiful sights of the 1960 Olympics merged the Ancient World and the Modern Olympics, and the old world order and the emerging world order. The [marathon] was the only Olympic marathon to start and finish outside the main Olympic stadium, beginning on Capitoline Hill, and finishing along the Appian Way, under neath the [Arch of Constantine]. Always the province of white runners, often Finnish, the race came down to two black African runners, [Abebe Bikila] of Ethiopia and [Rhadi Ben Abdesselam] of Morocco. The race finished beautifully at night, the Appian Way lit by torchlights, as Bikila, running barefoot, pulled away to win. He was the first black African to win a gold medal, and he did it in the city which 30 years prior had sent troops to conquer his Ethiopian homeland. His victory was but a precursor to the great black African runners who would win many gold medals at the Olympics in the years to come.", "The Honourable Usain St. Leo Bolt, OJ, C.D. ( /'ju:se?n/; born 21 August 1986), is a Jamaican sprinter and a five-time World and three-time Olympic gold medalist. He is the world record and Olympic record holder in the 100 metres, the 200 metres and (along with his teammates) the 4x100 metres relay. He is the reigning Olympic champion in these three events, and is one of only seven athletes (along with Valerie Adams, Veronica Campbell-Brown, Jacques Freitag, Yelena Isinbayeva, Jana Pittman, Dani Samuels) to win world championships at the youth, junior, and senior level of an athletic event.", "The men's marathon race tomorrow will be all about continuity (as was last Sunday's women's race). The runners will take the same course covered by Spyros Louis back in 1896 and the finish is sure to evoke memories of the revival of the modern Games. But this time there will be no Greek winner. The favourites, according to Sports Illustrated, a leading US sports magazine, are all from Africa Paul Tergat of Kenya, Gert Thys of South Africa and Jaouad Gharib of Morocco.", "There was an anti-colonial aura surrounding Mimoun' s win for France at a time when his fellow-Algerians were fighting the French for independence. Something similar was at work when the Ethiopians competed in the capital city of their former colonial masters. Perhaps it was this that energised Bikila on the eve of the marathon, although he had rather more immediate concerns: his running shoes had fallen apart and he could not find a suitable pair to replace them. So he decided he would run barefoot. The marathon was about to acquire a new legend. Bikila not only won, but he also posted a new world record, clocking in at 2 hours, 15 minutes and 16 seconds. It was the first Olympic marathon win under the two-hour-twenty-minute mark.", "Weissmüller was an ethnic German, one of two boys born to Peter Weissmüller and his wife Elisabeth Kersch, who were both Banat Swabians , an ethnic German population in Southeast Europe. His generally accepted birthplace was in the Freidorf ( Szabadfalu ) suburb of the current city of Timișoara , Romania (German: Temeschburg, Hungarian: Temesvár) The village is in Romania . However, the ship's roster from his family's arrival at Ellis Island lists his birthplace as Párdány , Kingdom of Hungary , in what is today a village in Serbia , not far from the Romanian border. [4] [5] [6] [7]", "Stephen Kiprotich of Uganda went into the men's Marathon with perhaps an outside shot at a bronze in a loaded field, including three Kenyans and three Ethiopians, who have dominated the marathon for years. In a major surprise, Kiprotich found himself in the top three, running with two of the Kenyan favorites. They tried to drop him in a series of turns and nearly succeeded, but he kept pace with them, until he finally made his own move. He blew past them and ended up with such a huge lead towards the end that he had time to grab a Ugandan flag from one of his presumably delirious countrymen and crossed the finish line flying it over his head. An ultimate Dark Horse Victory if there ever was one.", "The FIBA Africa Championship 1981 was hosted by Somalia from 15–23 December 1981. The games were played in Mogadishu, and the Somali national team received the bronze prize. Abdi Bile won the 1500 m event at the World Championships in 1987, running the fastest final 800 m of any 1,500 meter race in history. He was a two-time Olympian (1984 and 1996) and dominated the event in the late 1980s. Hussein Ahmed Salah, a Somalia-born former long-distance runner from Djibouti, won a bronze medal in the marathon at the 1988 Summer Olympics. He also won silver medals in this event at the 1987 and 1991 World Championships, as well as the 1985 IAAF World Marathon Cup. Mo Farah is a double Olympic gold medal winner and world champion, and holds the European track record for 10,000 metres, the British road record for 10,000 metres, the British indoor record in the 3000 metres, the British track record for 5000 metres and the European indoor record for 5000 metres. Mohammed Ahmed (athlete) is a Canadian long-distance runner who represented Canada in the 10,000 meter races at the 2012 Summer Olympics and the 2013 World Championships in Athletics.", "Usain Bolt, in full Usain St. Leo Bolt (born August 21, 1986, Montego Bay , Jamaica ), Jamaican sprinter who won three gold medals (in the 100-metre race, the 200-metre race, and the 4 × 100-metre relay) in an unprecedented three straight Olympic Games and is widely considered the greatest sprinter of all time.", "Thomas Hicks (a Briton running for the United States) was the first to cross the finish-line legally, after having received from his trainers several doses of strychnine sulfate (a common rat poison, which stimulates the nervous system in small doses) mixed with brandy. He was supported by his trainers when he crossed the finish, but is still considered the winner. Hicks had to be carried off the track, and possibly would have died in the stadium had he not been treated by several doctors. A Cuban postman named Felix Carbajal joined the marathon, arriving at the last minute. He had to run in street clothes that he cut around the legs to make them look like shorts. He stopped off in an orchard en route to have a snack on some apples which turned out to be rotten. The rotten apples caused him to have to lie down and take a nap. Despite falling ill from the apples, he finished in fourth place. ", "Of course, Black African athletes had won Olympic Gold Medals before Bikila, but not representing an African nation.  African-Americans such as Jesse Owens had won Olympic Gold, but Bikila was the first to bring his medal back to Africa.  Since Bikila’s heroics, Olympic Marathons have been won by athletes from Ethiopia, Kenya, and Uganda, and twice Ethiopian women have won the Olympic Marathon.", "Wanjiru made his marathon debut at Fukuoka Marathon on 2 December 2007, winning it impressively with a course record of 2:06:39. [11] He started 2008 by winning the Zayed International Half Marathon and receiving a prize of US $300,000. [12] In the 2008 London Marathon , he came in second, breaking 2:06 for the first time. In the 2008 Summer Olympics, Wanjiru won the marathon gold medal in an Olympic record time of 2:06:32, smashing the previous record of 2:09:21 set by Carlos Lopes of Portugal in the 1984 Olympics. [13] He received the AIMS World Athlete of the Year Award that year in recognition of his performances. [14]", "Mo Farah (1983–) is a British distance runner, born in Somalia. He won gold medals in the 2012 Olympics for the 5,000 and 10,000 metres and is the first Briton to win the Olympic gold medal in the 10,000 metres.", "Yonas was one of 43 candidates shortlisted for the Refugee Olympic team by the International Olympic Committee. The criteria included ability, circumstances and UN verified refugee status. Yonas completed a marathon in Germany in 2 hours and 17 minutes and has won several titles in Luxembourg and France. According to his coach, if he was granted Luxembourg citizenship he would qualify for their Olympic team.", "The International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) is the international governing body for the sport of athletics. It was founded on 17 July 1912 as the International Amateur Athletics Federation by representatives from 17 national athletics federations at the organization's first congress in Stockholm, Sweden. Since October 1993, it has been headquartered in Monaco.", "The men’s event at the Beijing 2008 Games was significant because it was the first time a Kenyan had won gold in the Olympic marathon. Samuel Kamau Wanjiru was the man to do it, and he did it with a phenomenal O.R time of 2:06.32. He smashed the previous record of 2:09.21, set by Portugal’s Carlos Lopes in 1984, by almost three minutes.", "Thomas Hicks, an American born in England on 7 January 1875, won the Olympic marathon in 1904. He crossed the line behind a fellow American Fred Lorz, who had been transported for 11 miles of the course by his trainer, leading to his disqualification. However, Hicks's trainer Charles Lucas, pulled out a syringe and came to his aid as his runner began to struggle.", "Yonas Kinde competed in the men’s marathon as part of the Refugee Olympic team at the Rio Olympics. Yonas fled Ethiopia for political reasons. He has been living in Luxembourg for the past five years. In 2013, Yonas was granted refugee status. In addition to training to compete in the Olympics, he works a taxi driver and is taking French lessons.", "In the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Ethiopian runner Abebe Bikila won the marathon and became the first Black African to receive an Olympic Gold Medal. His achievement intensified African pride and global focus on the continent. ", "Haile Gebrselassie (, haylē gebre silassē; born 18 April 1973) is a retired Ethiopian long-distance track and road running athlete. He won two Olympic gold medals over 10,000 metres and four World Championship titles in the event. He won the Berlin Marathon four times consecutively and also had three straight wins at the Dubai Marathon. Further to this, he won four world titles indoors and was the 2001 World Half Marathon Champion.", "A year before Zatopek' s triumph at Helsinki, a young Ethiopian named Abebe Bikila enlisted in the army because it offered him the opportunity to do the running and physical training he enjoyed. Within a few years it became evident that Bikila was a strong marathon runner, with times very close to those of the Algerianborn Alain Mimoun, who won at the 1956 Melbourne Olympics, running in French colours. Bikila was included in the small Ethiopian squad which travelled to Rome for the 1960 Olympics.", "Ndirangu and Bor share a personal-best time of 2:08.46, which Ndirangu accomplished with a third-place finish in the 1997 Chicago Marathon. Ndirangu, a member of the Kenyan Armed Forces, has never run in Los Angeles but won his most recent race, the Kenyan Armed Forces 30K last month.", "The Games reached their high point on Day 11 with the first modern-day marathon. The idea to hold an event to commemorate the Ancient Olympic games was suggested by a friend of de Coubertin and was met with great anticipation. The race was run from Marathon to Athens (estimated at 22–26 miles), watched by more than 100,000 people and won by a Greek runner, Spiridon Louis.", "On 19 July 2013, at the Herculis meeting in Monaco, Farah broke the European 1500 m record with a time of 3:28.81. The feat rendered him the sixth fastest man ever over the distance, overtaking Steve Cram's 28-year-old British record and Fermín Cacho's 16-year-old European record. It also made Farah the seventh man, behind Saïd Aouita, Daniel Komen, Ali Saïdi-Sief, Hicham El Gerrouj, Augustine Kiprono Choge and Bernard Lagat to break both the 3:30 barrier in the 1500 metres and the 13-minute barrier in the 5000 metres. More remarkably, it made Farah the only athlete in history to run sub 3:30, sub 13-minute and sub 27-minute for 1500 metres, 5000 metres and 10,000 metres respectively. Additionally he has a sub 1 hour run in the half-marathon.", "Rotterdam has its own annual international marathon, which offers one of the fastest courses in the world. From 1985 until 1998, the world record was set in Rotterdam, first by Carlos Lopes and later in 1988 by Belayneh Densamo.", "Trick question. Believe it or not, Nurmi never ran a marathon. He prepared for that event in 1932, but was banned as a professional just before the Los Angeles Games, a petty decision that robbed him of potentially his tenth gold medal, and probably deprived history of one of the truly great marathons. When the hero of William Goldman’s novel Marathon Man fantasies about Nurmi’s Olympic marathon, it is sadly one of that book’s several errors about running history.", "Many athletes that compete in this event also compete individually in the Olympic 200 metres and with their national teams in the Olympic 4×100 metres relay. African-American and Afro-Caribbean men and women have had particular success in the Olympic event since the mid-20th century. The last male finalist who was not of predominantly African heritage was Allan Wells in 1980; Wells was Olympic champion that year.", "Disaster nearly struck 40 days before the 1964 Tokyo Olympics when Bikila came down with appendicitis and required surgery.  Though he traveled to Tokyo, he was not expected to run.  Bikila did choose to run, and won his second Olympic Gold Medal, once again setting a new record, while becoming the first man to win a second Olympic Marathon.  His emperor, Haile Selassie, presented Bakila with a brand new Volkswagen Beetle.  No kidding.", "Sebastian won four Olympic medals for middle distance running, including two Gold medals. One in 1980 and the other in the 1984 Olympia games for the 1500 metres, and set eleven world records in the middle distance events. After retiring from athletics, he served as a conservative MP in the 1990's and received a peerage in 2000. He headed the bid to bring the 2012 Summer Olympics to London, and following this success became the Chairman of the London Organising Committee for the 2012 Olympic Games.", "The finest triple jumper of all time, Jonathan Edwards is the former Olympic, Commonwealth, European and World Champion - and the current world record holder. He was an ambassador for the London Olympics bid before becoming a key member of the Organising Committee.", "Paul: I think that this is Sammy Wanjiru because he is an aggressive runner. Martin Lel runs more observantly but is tactically very strong. I was not surprised by Sammy Wanjiru’s run to Olympic victory as I had seen him compete in the 10,000m and the half marathon before—he always determined the pace at the top." ]

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[ "Hideo Nomo (野茂 英雄/Nomo Hideo, born August 31, 1968 in Minato-ku, Osaka, Japan) is a retired Japanese baseball pitcher in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) and Major League Baseball (MLB). He achieved early success in his native country, where he played with the Kintetsu Buffaloes from to . He then exploited a loophole to free himself from his contract, and became the first Japanese major leaguer to permanently relocate to Major League Baseball in the United States, debuting with the Los Angeles Dodgers in . Although he was not the first Japanese person to play baseball professionally in the United States, he is often credited with opening the door for Japanese players in Major League Baseball.[http://losangeles.dodgers.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd20080717&content_id", "In 1995, star pitcher Hideo Nomo \"retired\" from the Kintetsu Buffaloes and signed with the Los Angeles Dodgers. Nomo pitched over the span of 13 seasons in the Major Leagues before retiring in 2008. He won the Rookie of the Year Award in 1995. He twice led the league in strikeouts, and also threw two no-hitters (the only Japanese pitcher to throw a no-hitter in Major League Baseball until Hisashi Iwakuma achieved the feat in August 2015). Nomo's MLB success led to more NPB players moving to Major League Baseball, and eventually led to the creation of the \"posting system\" in 1998. ", "Hideo Nomo was born on Saturday, August 31, 1968, in Minato-ku, Osaka, Japan. Nomo was 26 years old when he broke into the big leagues on May 2, 1995, with the Los Angeles Dodgers. His biographical data, year-by-year hitting stats, fielding stats, pitching stats (where applicable), career totals, uniform numbers, salary data and miscellaneous items-of-interest are presented by Baseball Almanac on this comprehensive Hideo Nomo baseball stats page.", "The wave of players moving to Major League Baseball, which began with Hideo Nomo \"retiring\" from the Kintetsu Buffaloes, then signing with the Los Angeles Dodgers, has also added to the financial problems. Attendance suffered as teams lost their most marketable players, while TV ratings declined as viewers tuned into broadcasts of Major League games. To discourage players from leaving to play in North America, or to at least compensate teams that lose players, Japanese baseball and MLB agreed on a posting system for players under contract. MLB teams wishing to negotiate with a player submit bids for a \"posting fee\", which the winning MLB team would pay the Japanese team if the player signs with the MLB team. Free agents are not subject to the posting system, however.", "Nomo pitched poorly in , starting the season 2–7 and was dealt to the New York Mets. He was not much better and got released. In , he signed with the Chicago Cubs and made three starts for their Triple-A minor league team before refusing to make further starts in the minors, and got a contract with the Milwaukee Brewers, where he went 12–8 with a 4.54 ERA. He reached the 1,000 strikeout mark in 1999, the third fastest in major league history. The Brewers waived him after contract issues and the Philadelphia Phillies claimed him, then granted him free agency only 24 hours later after more contract issues. Finally signed by the Detroit Tigers in , he went 8–12 with a 4.74 ERA and was again released.", "On January 4, , Nomo signed a minor league contract for 2008 with the Kansas City Royals. If added to the roster Nomo would have received a $600,000 one-year contract and the chance to earn $100,000 in performance bonuses. On April 5, his contract was bought by the Royals and was added to the 25-man roster. On April 10, 2008, Nomo made his first major league appearance since 2005. He faced the New York Yankees in relief. He was brought in to start the seventh inning of a game while the Yankees were leading 4-1. Nomo loaded the bases, but was able to retire his native countryman, Hideki Matsui to strand all three runners. However, he later surrendered back-to-back homers to Alex Rodriguez and Jorge Posada in the ninth inning. On April 20, Nomo was designated for assignment. The Royals released him on April 29, 2008. On July 17, 2008, Nomo officially announced his retirement from Major League Baseball.", "By 2000 Suzuki had established himself as the best baseball player in Japan and had begun his quest for stardom in the United States . He spent two weeks in the Seattle Mariners ’ 1999 spring training camp as part of a U.S.-Japan player exchange. A Japanese player in an American lineup was no longer quite the rarity it once had been; several Japanese pitchers, most notably Hideo Nomo and Hideki Irabu, had crossed the Pacific to play in the major leagues. Suzuki became the first nonpitcher to make the transition when he signed a three-year contract with the Mariners in November 2000. Because pitchers in the United States threw harder than their Japanese counterparts, some observers believed that Japanese hitters would struggle at the plate.", "The tornado delivery that baffled batters in Japan had the same effect on major league hitters, and he led the league in strikeouts in 1995 (while finishing second in walks) and was second with a 2.54 ERA. He struck out 11.101 batters per 9 innings to break Sandy Koufax's single-season franchise record of 10.546 in . He also started that year's All-Star Game, striking out three of the six batters he faced. But he only barely won NL Rookie of the Year honors that year over future MVP Chipper Jones, as many voters felt that his Japanese success made him anything but a rookie, although he qualified by Major League rules. Nomo had another fine season in which was capped by a no-hitter thrown on September 17 in the unlikeliest of places, Denver's Coors Field, a park notoriously known as being a hitters' park because of its high elevation, semi-arid climate, and lack of foul territory. He was the last Dodger to throw a no-hitter until Josh Beckett completed one on May 25, 2014. ", "The San Francisco Giants are an American professional baseball franchise based in San Francisco, California . Founded in 1883 as the New York Gothams, and renaming three years later to the New York Giants , the team eventually moved to San Francisco in 1958. The Giants compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) West division.", "Toronto Blue Jays, Canadian professional baseball team based in Toronto . The Blue Jays play in the American League (AL) and are the only franchise in Major League Baseball that plays in a city not in the United States . The team has won two AL pennants and two World Series titles (1992, 1993).", "The Toronto Blue Jays are a professional baseball team based in Toronto , Ontario . The team plays in the East Division of the American League (AL), one of two leagues that make up Major League Baseball (MLB) in North America. Since the Montréal Expos were relocated to Washington in 2004, the Toronto Blue Jays have been the only Canadian team in the MLB. The Toronto Blue Jays were founded in 1977 and were originally based at Exhibition Stadium. In 1989, they started playing at the Sky Dome (now the Rogers Centre ). The team has won six East Division titles, two AL pennants and two World Series titles.", "The Yankees lost the 1957 World Series to the Milwaukee Braves when Lew Burdette incredibly won three games for the Braves. Following the Series, the New York Giants and the Brooklyn Dodgers both left for California, the former leaving for San Francisco and the latter moving to Los Angeles, leaving the Yankees as New York's only baseball team. In the 1958 World Series, the Yankees got their revenge against the Braves, and became the second team to win the Series after being down three games to one. For the decade, the Yankees won six World Series championships ('50, 51, '52, '53, '56, '58) and eight American League pennants (those six plus '55 and '57). Led by Mantle, Ford, Berra, Elston Howard (the Yankees' first African-American player), and the newly acquired Roger Maris, the Yankees entered the 1960s seeking to replicate their success of the 1950s.", "1984: Seoul, South Korea, wins the first title for a South Korean team. They defeat a team from Altamonte Springs, Florida, led by future Boston Red Sox catcher, Jason Varitek.", "The first professional baseball team in Japan was founded by media mogul Matsutarō Shōriki in late 1934 and called the Dai Nippon Tokyo Yakyu Kurabu (\"the Great Japan Tokyo Baseball Club\"). After matching up with a team of visiting American All-Stars that included Babe Ruth, Jimmie Foxx, Lou Gehrig, and Charlie Gehringer, the team spent the 1935 season barnstorming in the U.S., winning 93 of 102 games against semi-pro and Pacific Coast League teams. According to historian Joseph Reaves, \"The only minor drawbacks to the team's popularity in the States were their kanji characters and their cumbersome Japanese name. They rectified both by renaming themselves the Tokyo Kyojin ['Tokyo Giants'] and adopting a uniform identical to the New York Giants…\" ", "      The Chicago Cubs play the New York Mets in Tokyo as major league baseball opens the season with its first game ever played outside North America.", "*May 29 – Hideki Matsui becomes the first player in baseball history to play 10 seasons in Nippon Professional Baseball and 10 seasons in the Major Leagues when he debuts for the Tampa Bay Rays against the Chicago White Sox. Matsui breaks a scoreless tie with a two-run home run in his second at-bat in an eventual loss for the Rays. He has also homered in his major league debuts with the Anaheim Angels and the New York Yankees. ", "     This article is for Sunday's games, which is April 7th. On that day in Japanese baseball history in 1979, the Yomiuri Giants announced that it had signed former Hosei University pitcher Suguru Egawa after Egawa had refused a year earlier to join the Nishitetsu Lions, who had drafted him out of college. Egawa went to the U.S. and played semi-pro ball for a year before returning to Japan and signing a Giants contract. The Hanshin Tigers then picked Egawa in the draft. Commissoner Kaneko ruled the Giants Egawa contract illegal and the Giants reacted by threatening to withdraw from the league unless Hanshin traded Egawa's rights to them, which was, in fact, done, the Giants sending Shigeru Kobayashi to Hanshin as compensation, setting off a firestorm  in the press, which vilified the Giants, and the team's popularity as well as the circulation of the Yomiuri Shimbun dropped. Commissioner Kaneko resigned in disgust over the whole incident as well.", "Ichiro moved to the United States in 2001 after playing nine years for the Orix Blue Wave in Japan's Pacific League . When the Blue Wave posted him after the 2000 season, Ichiro's rights were won by the Seattle Mariners and he signed a contract with them. He became the first Japanese-born everyday position player in the Major Leagues. Ichiro did not miss a beat in his transition. He immediately established himself as one of the premier players in the Major Leagues.", "1942 and '47 -- Ted Williams, Boston Red Sox (AL): Williams is the only AL player, and one of two total, to take multiple Triple Crowns, but he might have won even more if not for World War II. A year after he became the last Major League player to bat at least .400, a 23-year-old Splendid Splinter hit .356 with 36 homers and 137 RBIs in 1942. He then sat out three full seasons to serve in the military but didn't miss a beat when he returned in '46, finishing a measly second in the AL in all three categories while winning MVP honors. He then returned to Triple Crown glory the next year, batting .343 with 32 homers and 114 RBIs. In his six seasons between 1941-49, Williams led the league in average four times, homers four times and RBIs three times.", "After World War II, Japanese-American baseball interchanges became more frequent. In 1949 the San Francisco Seals of the Pacific Coast League visited Japan, followed by numerous major league teams. In recent years some Japanese professional teams have held spring training camps in America. Since 1936, over 400 Americans have played for Japanese professional teams.", "By the 1990s, baseball was played at a highly skilled level in many countries. Reaching North America's high-salary major leagues is the goal of many of the best players around the world, which gives a strong international flavor to the Series. Many talented players from Latin America, the Caribbean, the Pacific Rim, and elsewhere now play in the majors. One notable exception is Cuban citizens, because of the political tensions between the US and Cuba since 1959 (yet a number of Cuba's finest ballplayers have still managed to defect to the United States over the past half-century to play in the American professional leagues). Japanese professional players also have a difficult time coming to the North American leagues. They become free agents only after nine years playing service in the NPB, although their Japanese teams may at any time \"post\" them for bids from MLB teams, which commonly happens at the player's request.", "Ichiro Suzuki was first a hero in Japan, where he played nine major league seasons for the Orix Blue Wave. In 2001, Suzuki joined the Seattle Mariners of American League. That made Suzuki (along with New York Mets outfielder Tsuyoshi Shinjo the same year) the first non-pitching Japanese to play in the American major leagues since the 1960s, sparking intense interest in both the U.S. and Japan.", "1964 — San Francisco Giants pitcher Masanori Murakami poses for a photo in San Francisco. Murakami is the first native-born Japanese to play for an American Major League team. (John Rooney/AP)", "The interesting thing about Yamauchi's tenure is that he never actually saw the Mariners play a game in person and is believed to be the only owner in major American professional sports to lay boast to that claim. Yamauchi reportedly had an aversion to travel that kept him from ever stepping foot in Safeco Field and a Mariners' trip to play in Tokyo in 2003 was canceled due to the war in Iraq. When the team visited Tokyo last season, team officials said that Yamauchi preferred to watch the games on television.", "Baseball was first played in Japan in 1873 at Kaisei Gakko ( now Tokyo University ) under the instruction of an American teacher, Horace Wilson. Around 1880 the first Japanese baseball team was organized at the Shimbashi Athletic Club, and several college teams were formed in Tokyo. During the period 1890 to 1902, a team from the First Higher School in Tokyo played and often defeated a team made up of American residents in Yokohama; the publicity for these games helped make baseball one of the most popular Western sports in Japan.", "     Newman's wildness was immediatley displayed in the first inning, as Carp centerfielder Koichi Ogata worked a leadoff walk. Shortstop Akihiro Higashide grounded out to his opposite number to force Ogata at second. Second baseman Eddie Diaz then received a free pass, too. Leftfielder Tomoaki Kanemoto grounded to short, but then rightfielder Tomonori Maeda singled to left and Higashide scored to make it 1-0 home team.", "Ichiro Suzuki, (born October 22, 1973, Kasugai , Japan), professional baseball player, the first nonpitcher to shift from Japanese professional baseball to the American major leagues.", "Game Takes Off In Japan The '30s also saw the growth of the international game, particularly in Japan, where a group of American all-stars (led by Babe Ruth) toured the country, playing 18 games against Japanese teams. The success of the tour sparked the creation of the first professional baseball league in Japan, setting the stage for a long history of baseball talent coming in and out of the Land of the Rising Sun.", "or NPB is the highest level of baseball in Japan. Locally, it is often called , meaning Professional Baseball. Outside Japan, it is often just referred to as \"Japanese baseball\". The roots of the league can be traced back to the formation of the in 1934 and the original Japanese Baseball League. NPB was formed when that league reorganized in 1950.", "In 1913 to 1922, American MLB stars visited Japan and played against university teams. They also held clinics on technique. Herb Hunter, a retired major league player, made eight trips to Japan, from 1922 to 1932 to organize games and coaching clinics.", "Before 1950 the original Japanese Baseball League had been a single-table league of franchises. After it was reorganized into the Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) system, a series of playoffs ensued between the champions of the Central League and Pacific League.", "When Joe Carter hit a walk-off home run to win the 1993 World Series, for what team was he playing?" ]

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[ "Geoffrey Lewis Capes (born 23 August 1949) is a British former shot putter, strongman and professional Highland Games competitor.", "Geoff Capes was born in 1949 in Holbeach. The former coalman and policeman took up the sport of shot put , winning two Commonwealth Games gold medals in 1974 and 78. He won Britain's Strongest Man in 1979, held the title of Europe's Strongest Man in 1980, 1982 and 1984, and was World's Strongest Man in 1983 and 85. Although he represented Great Britain in the 1972, 1976 and 1980 Olympic Games, Capes was not among the medal winners. He had thrown a new Commonwealth and British shot put record in 1980, which would have been an Olympic record as well if he could have repeated it at the Olympic Games. As it was, the 1980 gold medal winner's throw claimed a new Olympic record, but it was still less than Capes' Commonwealth record of 21.68m (71' 3½\"), which remained a national record until 2003. Capes enjoys breeding and showing budgerigars , eventually becoming president of the British Budgerigar Society in 2008. He also serves as a Justice of the Peace in Lincolnshire.", "GEOFF CAPES, 53,won three Olympic medals as Britain’s shot-put champion in the 1970s and 1980s, while his British record, set in 1980, has still to be threatened. He was also the world’s strongest man three times and won the Highland Games five times. He now breeds budgerigars, has his own security firm, is a Justice Of The Peace and is embarking on a campaign to save Britain’s takeaways.", "* Geoff Capes, Two time winner of The Worlds Strongest Man competition used to live in Chesterfield.", "Sally Jane Janet Gunnell OBE DL (born 29 July 1966) is a British former track and field athlete who won the 1992 Olympic gold medal in the 400 m hurdles. She is the only female British athlete to have won Olympic, World, European and Commonwealth titles, and (as of 2014) is the only female 400 m hurdler in history to have won the Olympic and World titles and broken the world record. She also worked as a television presenter, predominantly for the BBC until January 2006. She was made an MBE in 1993 and an OBE in 1998.", "Contestants take part in seven different track-and-field events: 100-m hurdles, shot put , high jump , long jump , javelin throw , and 200-and 800-m runs. The two-day event replaced the women's pentathlon in the Olympic Games after 1981.", "Wembley stadium was the venue for 33 athletics events at the Games; 24 for men and nine for women. Of these, four were making their Olympic debut – the men's 10 km walk, and the women's 200 metres, long jump and shot put. A total of 754 athletes from 53 countries participated in athletics. Fanny Blankers-Koen of the Netherlands, a 30-year-old mother of three children nicknamed \"The Flying Housewife\", won four gold medals, in the 100 metres, 200 metres, 80 metre high hurdles, and 4 x 100 metre relay. As world record holder in the long jump and high jump Blankers-Koen may have been able to win further medals but, at this time, female athletes were limited to three individual events. Duncan White won the first medal of any kind for Sri Lanka (then Ceylon) when he finished second in the 400 metre hurdles. Arthur Wint became the first Jamaican to win an Olympic gold medal, in the men's 400 metres; he also won silver in the men's 800 metres. Alice Coachman became the first woman of color in the world and the first African American woman to win a gold medal in track and field in the history of the modern Olympics with a jump of 1.68 m (5' 6\"). She also was the only American woman to win an athletics gold medal during the 1948 Olympics. ", "Carl Lewis is considered by many to be the greatest track & field athlete of all time and, with nine Olympic gold medals, 10 Olympic medals, and eight gold medals at the World Championships, it is a justifiable claim. His Olympic gold medals came in 1984 (100 metres, 200 metres, 4×100 metres relay, long jump), 1988 (100 metres, long jump), 1992 (4×100 metres relay, long jump), and 1996 (long jump). His four victories in 1984 matched the record set by [Jesse Owens] at the 1936 Olympic Games. In 1996 at Atlanta, Lewis ended his Olympic career by equalling [Al Oerter]'s record of winning the same Olympic event four times consecutively, with Lewis's feat occurring in the long jump.", "The Prefontaine Classic is one of the premier track and field meets in the United States. Every year it draws a world caliber field to compete at the University of Oregonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Hayward Field in Eugene, Oregon. Previously one of the IAAF Grand Prix events, it is now part of the IAAF Diamond League. Visit diamondleague-eugene.com for more information!", "The International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), the governing body of track and field, organized the first World Championships in 1983. Lewis' chief rival in the long jump was predicted to be the man who last beat him: Larry Myricks. But though Myricks had joined Lewis in surpassing the year before, he failed to qualify for the American team, and Lewis won at Helsinki with relative ease. His winning leap of defeated silver medalist Jason Grimes by . ", "Bolt, the son of grocers in Jamaica’s rural Trelawny parish, excelled as a cricket fast bowler in his preteen years. He developed a deep affection for the European football (soccer) teams Real Madrid and Manchester United , but his school coaches steered him toward track and field . Bolt first marked himself as a track prodigy at the 2002 world junior championships. In that meet, racing before a crowd of 36,000 in Jamaica’s National Stadium in Kingston, Bolt—just 15 years old at the time—won gold in the 200 metres , becoming the youngest-ever male world junior champion in any event. At age 16 Bolt cut the junior (age 19 and under) 200-metre world record to 20.13 sec, and at 17 he ran the event in 19.93 sec, becoming the first teenager to break 20 seconds in the race. However, hampered by a hamstring injury, he failed to advance beyond the 200-metre heats at the 2004 Olympics in Athens, Greece , and placed last in the 2005 world track-and-field championships final.", "Setter of 16 world records at eight different events - 100 yards sprint, 100meter sprint, 200meter sprint, high hurdles, high jump, long jump, pentathlon, and 4x110 yard relay", "Also in 2012 Lalonde Gordon competed in the XXX Summer Olympics where he won a Bronze Medal in the 400 meters, being surpassed by Luguelin Santos of the Dominican Republic and Kirani James of Grenada. Keshorn Walcott (as stated above) came first in javelin and earned a gold medal, making him the second Trinidadian in the country's history to receive one. This also makes him the first Western athlete in 40 years to receive a gold medal in the javelin sport, and the first athlete from Trinidad and Tobago to win a gold medal in a field event in the Olympics. Sprinter Richard Thompson is also from Trinidad and Tobago. He came second place to Usain Bolt in the Beijing Olympics in the 100m with a time of 9.89s.", "* Alex Oakley, the Canadian race walker, became the oldest track and field athlete to compete at the Olympic Games. He was aged 50, and taking part in his fifth Olympics.", "Lewis was a dominant sprinter and long jumper who topped the world rankings in the 100 m, 200 m and long jump events frequently from 1981 to the early 1990s, was named Athlete of the Year by Track and Field News in 1982, 1983 and 1984, and set world records in the 100 m, 4 x 100 m and 4 x 200 m relays. His world record in the indoor long jump has stood since 1984 and his 65 consecutive victories in the long jump achieved over a span of 10 years is one of the sport’s longest undefeated streaks.", "Mo Farah is the most successful British track athlete in modern Olympic Games history, winning the 5000 m and 10,000 m events at two Olympic Games", "Athletics - Our annual athletic sports have just been held on the artificial track at Tauranga Domain with entry numbers being superb. Three records were broken with Oliver Ranby winning the Senior 200m. in 22.04s (previously 22.8s held byM Ormsby in 1978, Daniel Hintz winning the Intermediate 800m. in 2 min. 1 sec (previously Scott Croasdale in 2011) & Caleb Aperahama putting 14.52 m. in the Senior shot( previously D. McKay in 1987)", "Colin Ray Jackson CBE is a Welsh former sprint and hurdling athlete who specialised in the 110 metres hurdles.", "Oldfield favors tight white jeans, open-to-the-abdomen shirts and a gargantuan puka-shell necklace for dress-up occasions. Such raiment is in character for a fellow who introduced bikini briefs and fishnet tank tops to track and field when he came out of nowhere to qualify at the 1972 Olympic Trials in Eugene, Ore. Shotputting has never been the same.", "The stadium also hosted both the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2012 Paralympic Games. Over the course of the Paralympic Games athletics events, world records were set on the track by; Oxana Boturchuk Martina Caironi, Chen Junfei, El Amin Chentouf, China, Libby Clegg, Arnu Fourie, Marie-Amelie le Fur, Terezinha Guilhermina, Mahmoud Khaldi, Samwel Mushai Kimani, Walid Ktila. Liang Yongbin, Rosemary Little, Liu Ping, Liu Wenjun, Gunther Matzinger, Michael McKillop, Mateusz Michalski, Yohansson Nascimento, Oscar Pistorius, David Prince, Evgenii Shvetcov South Africa, Leo Pekka Tahti, Abraham Tarbei, Iurii Tsaruk, Richard Whitehead, Abderrahim Zhiou, Zhu Daqing and Zhou Guohua. Multiple World Records on the track were set by Yunidis Castillo, Assia El Hannouni, Evan O'Hanlon, Jason Smyth, Fanie van der Merwe and Marlou van Rhijn. ", "Steve Smith from England (not to be confused with America high jumper Steve Smith) holds the indoor mark of 2.38 metres and the outdoor mark of 2.37 metres. Both British records were attained in 1993.", "Bolt is currently coached by sprint guru Glen Mills, who guided Kim Collins to gold at the 2002 Commonwealth Games and the 2003 World Championships. Previously, he received instructions from 1964 Olympian Pablo McNeil and Dwayne Barrett at William Knibb high school and from experienced Fitz Coleman during 2004, when the world junior record was set.", "Paul Tanui in the men's 10,000m at the IAAF World Championships, Beijing 2015 (Getty Images) © Copyright", "Once underway, the Games unfolded smoothly, and became known as the “Friendly Games”. Betty Cuthbert, an 18-year-old from Sydney, won the 100- and 200-metre dashes and ran a great final leg in the 4 x 100-metre relay to overcome Great Britain’s lead and claim her third gold medal. The veteran Shirley Strickland repeated in the 80-metre hurdles and also ran on the relay team, running her career total to seven, three golds, a silver, and three bronze medals.", "To celebrate the London 2012 Olympics, the first night on Monday 14 November will feature a selection of the UK's top flight athletic talent.  Two-time Commonwealth champion and former Olympian COLIN JACKSON, Olympic hurdle gold medallist SALLY GUNNELL, triple jump champion PHILLIPS IDOWU and 400m Commonwealth Record Holder IWAN THOMAS will battle it out.", "For the first time ever, there are athlete-themed âWorld Recordâ ticket prices to reflect World Records set at previous IAAF World Championships. Tickets for one session at one price point will be available for: £12.91 (Colin Jacksonâs 110m hurdles), £18.29 (Jonathan Edwardsâ triple jump) and £52.74 (Sally Gunnellâs 400m hurdles). All childrenâs tickets will be priced at £9.58 (Usain Boltâs 100m).", "* Australian athlete Betty Cuthbert became the \"Golden Girl\" by winning three track gold medals. Her performance was equalled by sprinter Bobby Morrow.", "Joining Collins in the event will be fellow Islander, Bolt, who has already produced two impressive performances this season, 20.08 and 20.10, and his the only man with a personal best below the 20sec barrier. Read Full Story...", "Yego made the Olympic final by going past 80 meters. A Commonwealth Games title came in 2014 with 83.87. And then last year in Beijing, the world championships gold.", "Boldon said he and the former 100-metre record-holder Maurice Greene, who are both 5-9, used to finish their races in 45 or 46 strides. Tyson Gay and Powell, Bolt’s top current competition, are at about 45. Lewis required between 43 and 44 at his fastest.", "Evening all, Alan Tyers here to join Tim on the live blog. First order of business is the athletics and the men's 110m hurdles semis. GB have Lawrence Clarke in the first heat and Andrew Turner in the second.", "*Coach Norma Blaine was made an MBE in the New Years Honours announced on 31 December 2010, for her services to athletics. " ]

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[ "Marcelo Andres Ríos Mayorga (born 26 December 1975) is a former World No. 1 tennis player from Chile. Nicknamed El Chino (\"The Chinaman\") and El zurdo de Vitacura (\"Vitacura's Lefty\"), he became the first Latin American player to reach the top position on the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) singles rankings in 1998. He held the World No. 1 ranking for six weeks. He has held the top ranking in both juniors and seniors. He was the first player to win the three clay-court Masters Series tournaments (Monte Carlo, Rome, and Hamburg) since the format began in 1990. He is the only male player in the open era to have been World No. 1 while never managing to win a Grand Slam singles tournament in his career. He did reach the 1998 Australian Open final, losing to Petr Korda. Until Rafael Nadal in 2008, Ríos was the last left-handed player to become World No. 1.", "Famous: Miguel Rios (singer), Alex Rios (Puerto Rican-American professional baseball player with Toronto Blue Jays and Chicago White Sox teams), Gabriel Rios (Belgian singer), Marcelo Rios (Chilean tennis player), Pedro Fernando Rios Soares Ramos (Portuguese footballer known solely as ‘Rios’), Jaime Rios (New York Supreme Court for Queens County), Juan Antonio Rios (President of Chile in the 1940s) and Alberto Ãlvaro Rios (American writer of poetry and short stories).", "Former world no. 1, Chilean Marcelo Rios took to Twitter to express his frustration about the infrastructural facilities for tennis in his country. The most recent incident that brought to light the shoddy conditions was the Davis Cup Group I Americas’ semi-final tie between Chile and Colombia. Chile won the tie 3-1, but the clay-court was in such a bad condition that a desperate Santiago Giraldo was forced to retire in his reverse singles rubber against Gonzalo Lama.", "'SANTIAGO, Chile (AP) â Chile officials will back a request by former world No. 1 Marcelo Rios to have the International Tennis Federation investigate whether Petr Korda committed a doping violation in the 1998 Australian Open.'", "MARCELO RIOS: For sure being No. 1 of South America I think that helped a lot in my country, in South America, being the first one. I think since I've been No. 1 in Chile, it's been growing, tennis. Every No. 1 helps for tennis.", "Since when he played on ATP Tour, Marcelo Rios has always loved to say what he thought, without any filter. Today the Chilean is a Davis Cup member of his home country. After beating 5-0 Dominican Republic, who could not count on Victor Estrella Burgos, Rios polemized: 'I do not know if they are mediocre or if we are strong. To come back at the level of old we need quality doubles players. Good players are the ones who play singles competition, while doubles players are are nothing more than loser singles players' - said Rios to La Tercera.", "Pete Sampras beat Marcelo Rios 6-2 7-6 (5) to win the Nossa Caixa Grand Champions Brazil title in Sao Paulo, Brazil", "In 2004, six years after claiming the World No. 1 ranking, and after a long absence from the tour, Ríos returned to competition with a 6–0, 6–0 victory at a Challenger Series tournament in Ecuador. He played his last competitive match in early April 2004 at a challenger in San Luis Potosí, Mexico, where he retired in the round of 16.", "Nicknamed ‘El Chino’ meaning ‘The Chinese’, Marcelo was the first latin-american tennis player ever to reach number one in the world rankings. He also holds the less enviable record of being the only male world number one in the open era never to have won a Grand Slam. He is almost certainly the most talented player never to win a Grand Slam tournament. There are no limits to what he is able to do with a tennis racquet in his left hand.", "Novak Djokovic (, Novak Đoković,; born 22 May 1987) is a Serbian professional tennis player who is currently ranked world No.1 in men's singles tennis by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). He is considered one of the greatest tennis players of all time. He is coached by former Slovak tennis player Marián Vajda and former German tennis player and six-time Grand Slam champion Boris Becker.", "in football and tennis. Playing in a distinctive red and white chequered uniform, the national football team qualified for the final stages of the European Football Championship in 1996, and in the 1998 World Cup was placed third, behind France and Brazil. In tennis, arguably, the success has been even more remarkable, as the country has continuously produced high-ranking players. Goran Ivanesevic won the Wimbledon championships in 2001, and the national team won the Davis Cup in 2005. Put alongside other successes in, for instance, basketball and Alpine sports, these achievements make this small country (of fewer than 4.5 million people) one of the great per capita successes of world sports.", "Juan Mónaco, nicknamed \"Pico\", is a male tennis player from Argentina. He has won eight singles titles and reached a career-high singles ranking of World No. 10 in July 2012.", "Tomáš Berdych (; born 17 September 1985) is a Czech professional tennis player. His most notable achievement was reaching the final of the 2010 Wimbledon Championships, causing consecutive upsets by defeating top seed and six-time champion Roger Federer in the quarterfinals, and world No. 3 Novak Djokovic in the semifinals. In the final, he lost to Rafael Nadal in straight sets. Berdych's biggest career win to date was the Paris Masters in 2005 as an unseeded player, defeating Ivan Ljubicic in the final.", "He was the captain of the Spanish Davis Cup team for three years; his tenure there culminated in Spain's 2008 Davis Cup championship. He resigned as captain after the win.", "Ríos began playing tennis at the age of 11 at the Sport Francés golf club in Vitacura (Greater Santiago), adjacent to his house.", "ASAP Sports Transcripts - Tennis - 1999 - THE LIPTON CHAMPIONSHIPS - March 21 - Marcelo Rios", "At the beginning of the year, he achieved his one and only Grand Slam singles title, defeating Marcelo Rios at the Australian Open.", "Andre Kirk Agassi (; born April 29, 1970) is an American retired professional tennis player and former World No. 1, who was one of the game's most dominant players from the early 1990s to the mid-2000s. Generally considered by critics and fellow players to be one of the greatest tennis players of all time, Agassi had been called the greatest service returner in the history of the game. Described by the BBC upon his retirement as \"perhaps the biggest worldwide star in the sport's history\", Agassi compiled performances that, along with his unorthodox apparel and attitude, saw him cited as one of the most charismatic players in the history of the game. As a result, he is credited for helping to revive the popularity of tennis during the 1990s. ", "Marcelo Rios: ´Doubles players are losers in singles. Estrella Burgos? I don´t know who he is´", "David Pablo Nalbandian (, born 1 January 1982) is an Argentine retired professional tennis player and former world No. 3. He was runner-up at the 2002 Wimbledon Championships and the winner of the Tennis Masters Cup in 2005. He has also won two Masters 1000 events. He is the only Argentine player in history who ever reached the semi-finals or better at all four Grand Slam tournaments and reached the men's singles final at Wimbledon. ", "Andre Kirk Agassi (born April 29, 1970) is an American retired professional tennis player and former World No. 1, who was one of the game's most dominant players from the early 1990s to the mid-2000s. Generally considered by critics and fellow players to be one of the greatest tennis players of all time, Agassi had been called the greatest service returner in the history of the game. Described by the BBC upon his retirement as \"perhaps the biggest worldwide star in the sport's history\", Agassi compiled performances that, along with his unorthodox apparel and attitude, saw him cited as one of the most charismatic players in the history of the game. As a result, he is credited for helping to revive the popularity of tennis during the 1990s.", "He turned professional in 2000. In 2001, he finished in the ATP top 50 for the first time. He finished 2002 as the No. 1 Argentine and South American for the first time in his career, winning two ATP titles and reaching the Wimbledon final, where he beat David Sánchez, Paul-Henri Mathieu, George Bastl, Wayne Arthurs, Nicolás Lapentti and Xavier Malisse before losing to Lleyton Hewitt. ", "The final Grand Slam tournament of the annual tennis calendar is the most recent addition to the Majors. The US Open began as the U.S. National Championship in 1881, but it did not join the Grand Slam tournaments until 1987. The US Open is held during the weeks before and after Labor Day weekend, from late August to early September. The tournament has changed its courts several times over the years, beginning with grass, then moving to clay in 1975, and finally to hard courts in 1978. The current champions are Juan Martin del Potro (men's singles), Kim Clijsters (women's singles), Lukáš Dlouhý and Leander Paes (men's doubles), Serena and Venus Williams (women's doubles), and Carly Gullickson and Travis Parrott (mixed doubles).", "MARCELO RIOS: When I begun the year, I was injured already, so all I want to do is get better. I never say I want to have this ranking. I'm just trying to get better. And once I get better and play like I used to play, I think I'm going to put some goals.", "Marcos Baghdatis (, Arabic: ماركوس باغداتيس; born 17 June 1985) is a Cypriot professional tennis player. He was the runner-up at the 2006 Australian Open and a semifinalist at the 2006 Wimbledon Championships and reached a career-high ATP singles ranking of World No. 8 in August 2006. ", "Rios, the most uniquely talented left-hander since John McEnroe, had reached No.1 in the rankings during the first half of that year, winning titles in Indian Wells, Miami and Rome. Sampras dug deep to win his fifth of seven Wimbledon titles and ultimately finish the year as the World No.1 for a record sixth successive year. Throughout those compelling 12 months, they did not meet once. In fact, despite their careers overlapping for eight years, they played each other only twice, with Sampras winning on both occasions – on clay at Roland Garros in 1994 (Rios’ debut year on the circuit) and indoors in Stuttgart in 2001.", "Connors was born in Belleville, Illinois, across the Mississippi River from St. Louis, and was dubbed the “Belleville Basher” by tennis scribe Bud Collins. He began stroking balls at age 4 that were fed to him by his mother Gloria, who was also his coach. The prodigious Connors played in the U.S. boys’ 11-and-under national championships in 1961 at just eight years old. In 1968, when Connors was 16, he and Gloria moved to Southern California where he was coached by the esteemed Pancho Segura.  His collegiate career was brief but fortuitous. As a freshman at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), he won the NCAA Division I Singles Championship and earned All-America honors. He turned professional in 1971 and won the first of his 109 tournaments in Roanoke, Virginia, defeating Czech Vladimir Zechnik, 6-4, 7-6. He closed out 1972 with a pair of impressive championships, defeating Vilas on clay at Cincinnati (6-3, 6-3) and handling the rocket serving power of Roscoe Tanner at Albany, NY (6-2, 7-6).  His last championship game in 1989 at Tel Aviv, Israel, defeating Gilad Bloom, and in-between those 109 titles were 55 finalist appearances.", "“Rios is young, talented and in very good shape. He is serving well too. He could probably still be playing on the (ATP) tour.”", "As a child growing up in Södertälje, a town near Stockholm , Borg became fascinated with a golden tennis racquet that his father won at a table-tennis tournament. His father gave him the racquet, beginning one of the brightest careers in tennis history.", "Gomez's nephew, Nicolas Lapentti, had a solid career. His highlight was earning a semifinals berth in the 1999 Australian Open. He led his country's Davis Cup efforts into the 21st century.", "Is the son of Lynette and Robert, and has a sister named Diana. Is involved in several charitable organizations including the Roger FEderer Foundation and UNICEF. Married wife Mirka (Vavrinec) in 2009. The two had met at the 2000 Olympic Games. The pair had twin daughters, Charlene Riva and Myla Rose, born on July 23, 2009.", "In Round 1, Novak Djokovic (men's singles), having finally won all four Grand Slams and on a quest to complete his Career Golden Slam, lost to Juan Martín del Potro, No. 141 at the time. While his prowess as a former top 10 player was no surprise, Del Potro trailed 3-11 in his rivalry with Djokovic and had only come back from a wrist injury earlier that year, making his fitness a concern. This made it the second time he's stopped Djokovic from getting an Olympic medal." ]

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[ "1974 - The Rumble in the Jungle boxing match between Muhammad Ali and George Foreman takes place in Kinshasa, Zaire.", "\"The Rumble in The Jungle\" was a historic boxing match which took place on October 30, 1974 in the May 20 Stadium in Kinshasa, Zaire (now Democratic Republic of the Congo). It pitted then World Heavyweight Champion George Foreman against former champion and #1 contender Muhammad Ali , who became the second fighter ever, after Floyd Patterson , to regain the World Heavyweight Championship.", "The Rumble in the Jungle was a historic boxing event that took place on 30 October 1974, in the Mai 20 Stadium in Kinshasa, Zaire (now Democratic Republic of the Congo). It pitted then world Heavyweight champion George Foreman against former world champion and challenger Muhammad Ali.", "In 1974, Ali faced off against younger, hard-hitting contender George Foreman in Kinshasa, Zaire. The fight was named the “Rumble in the Jungle” and it happened before dawn in the African heat. The prize was $5 million and Ali was a heavy underdog — but still had the support of the crowd.", "In one of the biggest upsets in boxing history, Ali regained his title on October 30, 1974 by defeating champion George Foreman in their bout in Kinshasa, Zaire. Hyped as “The Rumble In The Jungle,” the fight was promoted by Don King.", "“The Rumble in the Jungle” took place on Oct. 30, 1974, in Kinshasa, Zaire, now known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It was one of promoter Don King’s first major fights. He persuaded Ali and Foreman to fight each other — he had them sign separate, blank contracts — as long as he could get them $5 million each. Zaire’s president, Mobutu Sese Seko, guaranteed the money so long as the fight took place in his country.", "Known as “The Rumble in the Jungle”, Muhammad Ali takes on George Foreman on 30th October 1974, in the Republic of Congo (known as Zaire at that time). It was a historic boxing event, as some have called it \"arguably the greatest sporting event of the 20th century”. This fight is also considered to be one of the greatest upsets in boxing history.", "Rumble in the Jungle Ali regained his title on October 30, 1974 by defeating champion George Foreman in their bout in Kinshasa, Zaire. It was one of the greatest sporting upsets in boxing. Ali out danced the tiring Foreman to knock him out in the 8th round.", "Ali won back the heavyweight title in October 1974, knocking out Foreman in Kinshasa, Zaire — the celebrated Rumble in the Jungle. Frazier went on to knock out Quarry and Ellis, setting up his third match, and second title fight, with Ali: the Thrilla in Manila, on Oct. 1, 1975.", "The Rumble in the Jungle - George Foreman vs Muhammad Ali -Stadium in Kinshasa, Zaire Oct. 30 - 1974 - Video Dailymotion", "Few heavyweight championship bouts have been as keenly anticipated as the Rumble in the Jungle in Kinshasa, Zaire, on Oct. 30, 1974. Many believed that the powerful George Foreman would batter Muhammad Ali to defeat. Writer Hugh McIlvanney captured the reverence in which Ali was held when he wrote in Britain's The Observer newspaper: \"A great tremor will pass through the whole of sport if he falls to George Foreman, and afterwards the landscape will be slightly dimmer for most of us.\"", "In this Oct. 30, 1974 file photo, referee Zack Clayton, right, steps in after challenger Muhammad Ali looks on after knocking down defending heavyweight champion George Foreman in the eighth round of their championship bout in Kinshasa, Zaire. Ali regained the world heavyweight crown by knockout in the eighth round of the fight dubbed \"Rumble in the Jungle.\" ", "The Rumble in the Jungle takes place in Kinshasa, Zaire, where Muhammad Ali knocks out George Foreman in 8 rounds to regain the Heavyweight title, which had been stripped from him 7 years earlier.", "In this photo taken on October 27, 1974 US boxing heavyweight champion Muhammad Ali (born Cassius Clay) gestures during a press conference three days before the heavyweight world championship in Kinshasa. On October 30, 1974 Muhammad Ali knocked out George Foreman in a clash of titans known as the \"Rumble in the Jungle\", watched by 60,000 people in the stadium in Kinshasa and millions elsewhere. AFP Photo", "Ali tours downtown Kinshasa on Sept. 17, 1974, ahead of his fight with Foreman. The bout was famously hyped as the \"Rumble in the Jungle.\"", "In 1974, Ali regained the heavyweight title in a highly publicized bout in Zaire known as \" The Rumble in the Jungle .\" His famous \"rope-a-dope\" four-punch combination knocked out George Foreman, who was known as one of the hardest punchers of all time.", "During the summer of 1974, Foreman traveled to Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo) to defend his title against Ali. The bout was promoted as The Rumble in the Jungle. During training in Zaire, Foreman suffered a cut above his eye, forcing postponement of the match for a month. Foreman was favorite having knocked out both Joe Frazier and Ken Norton (the only men to defeat Ali to that point) within two rounds.", "George Foreman defends the Heavyweight Championship of the World for the third time against former Champion, Muhammad Ali. Ali at 32, had been given little change against the fearsome puncher who had knocked out both Frazier and Norton, whom both had beaten ali in the past, in 2 rounds. The fight took place in Kinshasa, Zaïre (todays Congo), and was put together by promotor Don King. This is considered by many as the most significent fight of Muhammad Alis career. The fight was called Fight of the Year for 1974.", "1974:  On October 30, in a marquee fight known as the “Rumble in the Jungle,” Ali regains the heavyweight title in Zaire after knocking out George Foreman in the 8th round.  His famous “rope-a-dope” style of fighting, in which Ali would allow Foreman to get him against the ropes and swing away until Foreman tired himself out, was in full effect during this fight.", "Foreman said after the fight that he was out to lay his ghost from the Rumble in the Jungle to rest, referring to the legendary fight twenty years beforehand in Kinshasa, Zaire (now Congo) where Muhammad Ali had overcome a previously undefeated Foreman and knocked him out in the eighth round (which remains Foreman's only loss by knockout) to win the heavyweight title that Foreman had held after defeating Joe Frazier in 1973 in Kingston, Jamaica by knocking him down six times in two rounds. Not only did Foreman wear the same red trunks that he had worn in Zaire, but in his corner was Ali's legendary trainer Angelo Dundee, who had been in Ali's corner for that fight.", "Brown had been a boxer, too, and he fancied he could take Ali on. When Ali fought George Foreman in Zaire in 1974, in the “Rumble in the Jungle,” Brown boarded a jet with his band to play an accompanying music festival. He arrived looking even more focused than usual because he was in training, too, as if he would prove who the heavyweight champ of the world truly was. Brown packed a huge entourage, so big the plane could barely take off, and while the music (seen in the 2008 documentary Soul Power) was frequently incredible, Ali -- roaming the streets of Kinshasa, jawing with the locals -- won that match of the titans, too. Unexposed and without layers of security, he seemed one with his fans.", "This photo taken on October 30, 1974 shows US boxing promoter Don King and US boxing heavyweight champion Muhammad Ali during a press conference after the heavyweight world championship in Kinshasa. On that night Muhammad Ali knocked out George Foreman in the \"Rumble in the Jungle\", one of boxing's most legendary bouts. AFP Photo", "Muhammad Ali, right, as he stands back as referee Zack Clayton calls the count over opponent George Foreman, red shorts, in Kinshasa, Zaire, which is now known as the Republic of Congo, Oct. 30, 1974.", "Ali and George Foreman fight in \"The Match of the Century\" on Oct. 30, 1974 in Kinshasa, Congo. ", "Muhammed Ali def. (2)George Foreman KO-8 10-30-1974 Kinshasa, Zaire...Ali won the title for the second time", "Lot Detail - Original 1974 On-Site Zaire Muhammad Ali vs George Foreman \"Rumble In the Jungle\" Fight Poster", "George Foreman, center, lands a body punch to Muhammad Ali during fight action in Zaire, Africa, Oct. 30, 1974.", "“George Foreman is a Belgian,” Ali cried out to the huge crowd that greeted him at the airport. By the time the fight finally went off in the early morning hours of Oct. 30, 1974, Zaire was his.", "\"George Foreman is a Belgian,\" Ali cried out to the huge crowd that greeted him at the airport. By the time the fight finally went off in the early morning hours of Oct. 30, 1974, Zaire was his.", "Muhammad Ali as he chants to fans during a sightseeing tour downtown Kinshasa, Zaire, which is now known as the Republic of Congo, Sept. 17, 1974.", "Gallery: Muhammad Ali closes his eyes as his trainer massages his head after first workout at the gym at the N?Sele training camp in Kinshasa, Zaire, Sept. 11, 1974. (AP Photo/Horst Faas) ORG XMIT: APHS280848", "Gallery: Muhammad Ali is seen training October 9, 1974 for his world championship fight in Zaire. (AP Photo) ORG XMIT: aphs023014" ]

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[ "According to the rules of tug of war, each team can accommodate a maximum of 8 members. However the combined weight of these members should not exceed the weight determined for the particular category.", "Tug of War competitions are often weight categorised, with each team consisting of 8 pulling members. Most tug of war teams start by getting involved in local shows, fetes, carnivals and village green competitions before taking up the sport on a more regular basis.", "The number of people who can play is really only limited by how long the rope is. Serious tug of war contests usually pit two teams of eight players against each other.", "Actually there are no fixed number of players for the game Tug Of War but the only condition is that the number should be even and equal in both side.For example if there are 8 players in one side then 8 players should be there in other side.The two teams are separated by a center line.When the game starts the two team start pulling the rope inorder to make cross the center line against the opposite team.Also,if a members fall down then a faul is appealed.For pictorial view you can visit the below link.", "Tug of War competitions are organised in weight classes where each team of eight pullers must not exceed the stated weight. Weight classes start at 560 kilos for men and 520 kilos for women. Teams are weighed on 8-person scales. Most Tug of War meetings have 3 or 4 weight classes. Each weight class is run as a points competition (where each team pulls every other team, getting 3 points for a 2 - nil win, 2 points for a 2 - 1 win and 1 point for losing 1- 2), or as a knockout competition (where two teams end up in a final).", "Most tug of war teams undertake team training two or three times a week, where team members come together to train on the rope. This usually involves a mixture of mock competitions or use of a training rig. A training rig is a large pulley system with a weight attached at one end and a tug of war rope at the other end which teams of 8 lift up and down to develop team work. Most training rigs are erected outdoors, but many teams go on to develop basic indoor facilities with a length of wooden slats being used instead of soil to provide footholds for the pulling members to move the weight up and down.  ", "In the modern Olympics, the tug-of-war contest was between two teams of eight. One team had to pull the other six feet along in order to win. If after five minutes no team had done this, the team which had pulled the most was declared the winner.", "The modern revival of the ancient Greek Olympic Games became a reality in 1896 under the influence of Frenchman Baron Pierre de Coubertin. Tug of war first featured in the Olympic Games at the Paris Games of 1900. In its first two appearances at the Games, teams consisted of just 5 or 6 pulling members.", "The Tug-of-War was an Olympic sport for only six games. Few people know that the City of London Police team won the competition in 1908, provided half of the joint City and Metropolitan team that won silver in 1912 (Stockholm) and again won gold in 1920 in Antwerp. Three City Policemen were in all three Olympics, thereby winning two gold and one silver medal each. Great Britain fielded three Tug-of-War teams in 1908. Great Britain I was the City of London Police team; Great Britain II was drawn from the Liverpool City Police; and Great Britain III was made up of policemen from the Metropolitan K Division. Teams were entered by the United States, Sweden, Greece and Germany.", "In early Olympics, many teams consisted of athletes who were taking part in other events. The 1900 Olympics saw the United States withdraw their team because three of their team were involved in the hammer throwing event. The first tug of war Olympic gold medal went to a combined team from Sweden and Denmark, after they defeated France in the final. The team of 6 from France included Constantin Henriquez de Zubiera who became the first black medallist in the history of the Olympic Games. He went on to win gold at a later Olympic Games with the French Rugby Union team.", "Tug of WarTug of war, also known as tug o war, tug war, rope war or rope pulling, is a sport that directly pits two teams against each other in a test of strength.", "game - a contest with rules to determine a winner; \"you need four people to play this game\"", "Unlike most dropped Olympic sports, which tended to last for one or two Games on average, tug-of-war actually had a pretty decent run. It started at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris as part of the wider track and field set of events and lasted for five Games until 1920. During the first competition, a mixed team consisting of Danish and Swedish men took home the gold medal. Countries could also enter more than one team, leading to a sweep of all three medals by the Americans in 1904 and by the British in 1908.", "The tug of war competition requires a judge. There are 3 different commands that the judge gives to the players. The judge first announces “Pick up the rope”, he then says “Take the string”, and finally he tells the players to “Pull”. Once the pull command is said out the teams start pulling the rope. If a member of the team falls down that member is given a caution. Each team is allowed two cautions before getting disqualified.", "149.    Two people pull on a rope in a tug-of-war. Each pulls with 400 N of", "Tug-of-War. Tug-of-War, which is now pretty much reserved for church picnics, summer camp color wars and \"Real World/Road Rules Challenge\" events, was an actual Olympic sport. At five Olympics, 1900, '04, '08, '12 and '20.", "Great Britain's Olympic tug of war debut came when the nation hosted the Games in 1908. Great Britain were then one of only 2 teams to compete in 1912 and they also won the last Tug of War competition held in the Olympics in 1920.", "* Three legged relay (with two members of the team tied together at their ankles by a stocking or similar soft material)", "Since tug-of-war has been a game played by adults for centuries, it became an official event at the second modern Olympic Games in 1900. However, it’s time as an official Olympic event was short-lived and it was last played at the Olympics at the 1920 Games. Tug-of-war was not the only event to be added and then later removed from the Olympic Games; golf, lacrosse, rugby, and polo also shared its fate. The sport is contested in the World Games. The Tug of War International Federation TWIF organizes World Championships for nation teams biannually, for both indoor and outdoor contests, and a similar competition for club teams.", "People are pulling on that rope, so to speak. Organizers considered tug of war as an additional event for Tokyo 2020 before five other sports were chosen.", "Lay out the rope. In tug of war, opposing player or teams will pull on a rope until one of the teams or players succeeds at pulling the majority of the rope over to one side. To get started, all you need to do is take your rope and lay it out in a straight line on the ground.", "As the start of London 2012 Olympic Games approaches, we look back at a time when tug of war was once a part of this global sporting showcase. Many people do not know that tug of war was once a part of the Olympic Games. It took place at five Olympic Games between 1900 and 1920.", "After the 1920 Games, the International Olympic Committee trimmed the competition program and tug of war's participation was cancelled. As tug-of-war was no longer on the Olympic Programme, national athletic and gymnastic associations were not very interested in tug of war as a discipline. The tug-of-war teams, at that time, felt that they had to establish their own autonomous association. The first association was founded in Sweden in 1933. Other countries followed including Great Britain in 1958 and the Netherlands in 1959.", "The name Tug-O-War may come from those crews that hauled on the ropes to power the Man-O-War Ships. Tug of war became an organized sport at the end of the 19th century when clubs were formed.", "Although tug of war was included in the Olympic Games from 1900 to 1920, it is no longer an Olympic sport. Tug of war is currently played in the World Games, and the TWIF regularly organizes tug of war world championships. So, yes, even grown-ups still play tug of war!", "Tug of War featured in The World Games 2013; check the  event calendar for all details.", "To make things even more fun, there are many variations that can be included. Sometimes teams play tug of war on either side of a small body of water, with the losers getting pulled into the water. Even more fun is playing on either side of a mud pit!", "Everybody's favorite childhood game of brute force was included in the Olympics between 1900 and 1920. Apparently people miss it, because the Tug of War International Federation applied for their sport to be included in the 2020 Olympics. It didn't end up making it this time around, but here's to hoping for 2024!", "“Most people who have witnessed a high-class tug of war competition can appreciate that it aspires to the Olympic traditions of strength, skill and stamina as well as a lot of technique,” England Tug of War Association Secretary Mick Copper said in an email. “Unfortunately, tug of war wasn’t included, but the sport will keep aiming for this goal.”", "Would it be possible for two teams in a tug-o-war to overcome the ultimate tensile strength of an iron rod and pull it apart? How big would the teams have to be?", "In the end, trying to develop stronger ropes leads only to greater danger to everyone, both participants and bystanders. In the ultimate game of tug-of-war ...", "Are you ready to play tug of war? Find a few friends or family members to help you check out the following activities:" ]

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[ "The  MELBOURNE CUP  also known as The race that stops a nation, is Australia’s major Thoroughbred horse race, held annually on the 1st Tuesday of November since the 1800s. The 3,200 metre race for 3 year old horses is the richest 2 mile handicap in the world, and also one of the richest turf races. The race event is all conducted by the  Victoria Racing Club  on the  Flemington Racecourse  in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The Melbourne Cup race starts at 3pm (daylight saving time) the first Tuesday in November.", "The Melbourne Cup is Australia's major Thoroughbred horse race. Billed as The race that stops a nation, it is a race for three-year-olds and over, over a distance of 3,200 metres. It is the richest and most prestigious \"two-mile\" handicap in the world, and one of the richest turf races in the world. The event is held at around 3 pm on the first Tuesday in November by the Victoria Racing Club, on the Flemington Racecourse in Melbourne.", "Melbourne Cup Day is Australia’s best known horse racing event held on the first Tuesday of November every year. It is an annual public holiday in the state of Victoria. This event is popularly dubbed as “the race that stops the nation”.", "The Melbourne Cup is one of Australia's most prestigious Thoroughbred horse races. It is a 3,200 metre race for three-year-olds and over. It is the richest \"two-mile\" handicap in the world, and one of the richest turf races. Conducted annually by the Victoria Racing Club on the Flemington Racecourse in Melbourne, Victoria, the event starts at 3pm on the first Tuesday in November.", "Flemington Racecourse has been famous around the world as the home of the Melbourne Cup since it was first run in 1861. Today, the Melbourne Cup Carnival is a festival of horse racing, fashion and fun that starts in September and runs through until mid-November.", "Held each year on the first Tuesday of November, the Melbourne Cup is a real test of staying power. The Melbourne Cup is raced over a distance of 3200 metres, far longer than any other major event in the Melbourne Spring Racing Carnival, so it is certainly not a race that is easy to prepare for. Two miles is the traditional cup race distance and few races in Australia are still contested over these meters.", "Held at Flemington racecourse on the first Tuesday in November, the Melbourne Cup is far and away the biggest race in Australia. Host state Victoria has a public holiday in the race’s honour and attendance at the track is regularly over the 100,000 mark, with drinking starting early for many of those! Run over a distance of two miles, “the race that stops a nation” is the richest handicap race in the world. The prestige and prize money on offer regularly attracts runners from Europe, the USA and Japan.", "Run on the first Tuesday in November the Melbourne Cup now draws crowds of more than 100,000. The day was declared a public holiday in metropolitan Melbourne by the state Governor in 1877 and various towns and regions followed suit over the years. But it was only in 2008 that the whole of Victoria was given the public holiday, so everyone in the state could celebrate the event.", "The following Tuesday, which is always the first Tuesday in November, the $6 million race for the people, the Melbourne Cup (3200m), is held in front of a massive crowd of over 100,000 plus people at majestic Flemington. The great mare Makybe Diva was the first horse to win the great race three times when she won the event in 2003, 2004 and 2005.", "Using the historical facts, betting statistics and combining these with the current Melbourne Cup Form Guide is a great way to pick the winning Melbourne Cup Trifecta when the ‘race that stops a nation’ stops the world at 3:00pm (AEDT) on the first Tuesday of November annually.", "As well as holding the same start time, the Melbourne Cup race number remains the same each Cup Day – Flemington Race 7. Many people have their once-a-year bet on the Melbourne Cup results so when you want to place your bets, remember it is Flemington Race 7 at 3:00pm (AEDT) on the first Tuesday of November.", "In the Melbourne metropolitan area, the race day has been a gazetted public holiday since 1877, but around both Australia and New Zealand a majority of people watch the race on television and gamble, either through direct betting or participating in workplace cup \"sweeps\". As of April 2007, the ACT also recognises Melbourne Cup Race Day as a holiday. In 2000, a betting agency claimed that 80 percent of the adult Australian population placed a bet on the race that year. In 2010 it was predicted that $183 million would be spent by 83,000 tourists during the Spring Racing Carnival. In New Zealand, the Melbourne Cup is the country's single biggest betting event, with carnival race-days held at several of the country's top tracks showing the cup live on big screens. ", "Go Down Under for the annual Melbourne Cup Carnival, a tradition dating back to 1861 that is considered by many to be the greatest 3,200-meter horse race in the world. The race has a strong international presence, both in the competition and the attendees who celebrate at the carnival in customary hats. There's even a competition, Fashions on the Field, celebrating the carnival's best-dressed men and women with celebrity judges and high-end sponsors. A combination of general admission and grandstand tickets offer affordable options for the big event on the first Tuesday in November, as well as the other races spread out over the week's worth of events at the carnival.", "The great handicap race, the Melbourne Cup which commenced in 1861 runs on the first Tuesday of each November.  This race, which is a 3200 meter race, has a value of $4 Million ( http://www.csi.ukns.com/sport.shtm .", "Racehorses come from all over the world to race in the Cup. Overseas entrants travel by plane in luxurious quarters. It was far more risky taking them by ship to Melbourne. In September 1867, the City of Melbourne was hit by a gale, almost a cyclone, off Jervis Bay. On board were eleven racehorses traveling to the Cup; nine died. Five of those eleven horses had been trained by de Mestre.", "Metropolitan racing is held in the city of Melbourne and is home to the spectacular Melbourne Spring Racing Carnival which runs from September through to November each year and is the highlight of the racing season in Australia.", "Climate plays a part in the organization of major racing carnivals, which are limited to the metropolitan race clubs where all Group 1 races are held. There are two seasonal carnivals, spring and autumn, held in both Sydney and Melbourne. These carnivals include classic races for two and three year olds, weight for age events, and handicaps. All Group 1 events take place at this time in these centres. Adelaide has its carnival in autumn, and Perth over the summer holiday season. Tasmania has its short season in January. Brisbane has high summer rainfall, so its carnival takes place in the dry autumn and summer months.", "Melbourne Cup annual horse race, first held in 1861, that is the most important Australian Thoroughbred race of the year and one of the most prestigious races in the world. The Melbourne Cup takes place at the Flemington Racecourse in Melbourne on the first Tuesday...", "While there are usually two or three Listed or Group 3 races held on Melbourne Cup Day, the Melbourne Cup is the only Group 1 race to take place on the day. The Melbourne Cup is always Race 7 on Melbourne Cup Day and takes place at 3pm (AEDT).", "The Melbourne Cup is Australia's major annual thoroughbred horse race. Billed as 'the race that stops a nation', it is a race for horses aged three-years-old and over, and covers a distance of 3200 metres.", "Melbourne Cup Carnival attend the most spectacular horse racing event in the world in Melbourne each year. It is such a focal point that it is a public holiday in the state of Victoria. This is a festival of horse racing, fashion and fun.", "To avoid disappointment, secure your 2017 Melbourne Cup tickets early with Racenet. Held at the famous Flemington Racecourse, this will be the sporting event of the year! NOTE: Admission to the track is by pre-purchased tickets only.", "The Melbourne Cup truly is a global event, and horses from the great racing nations from around the world make the long journey to Australia to participate. The enormous range of nations represented in the Melbourne Cup nominations include Japan, Great Britain, Germany, New Zealand, Ireland, France and the USA.", "Melbourne Cup Day is one of Australia’s most popular social and racing events. The main racing event takes place at the Flemington Racecourse in Melbourne, Victoria. More than 100,000 people usually attend Flemington Racecourse. Local races are held throughout the country on this day and when the main race of the day occurs at the Flemington Racecourse it is televised on screens at race tracks across Australia. The race is televised live to an audience of about 650 million people worldwide. Many people stop what they are doing shortly before 3pm on Melbourne Cup Day to watch or listen to the main race either via television, Internet or the radio.", "Aside from the celebrations at Flemington, many Melbourne Cup lunches and events are held around the country on Cup day. The biggest events are held at racecourses and Turf Clubs around Australia, but most people just have a catered lunch at work or turn up to the pub to watch the race. For more information on organising fun events, please visit our Melbourne Cup lunches and events page.", "Melbourne Cup Day has been observed in Australia since the first race was held at the Flemington Racecourse in Victoria in 1861. The race was won by Archer, who won it again the following year. The event features races, including the handicap race which is run by about 20 thoroughbreds for a couple million Australian dollars. The story of Phar Lap, a legendary New Zealand thoroughbred who won the Melbourne Cup in 1930 and was nicknamed “Australia's wonder horse”, was made into a movie. Some people believe he was poisoned when he died.", "The Melbourne Cup has a field that is restricted to 24 runners. These runners are decided by a ballot system. Horses are balloted on a system that takes into account factors such as the amount of prize money earned in the last two years, wins or placings in certain lead-up races and their allocated handicap weight. Horses are exempt from the ballot and gain automatic entry into the Melbourne Cup field if they win races such as the Lexus Stakes, Victoria Derby, LKS Mackinnon Stakes, Cox plate, Caulfield Cup, Irish St. Leger (IRE), or Tenno Sho (JPN). International horses that qualify for the Melbourne Cup field must be quarantined for a minimum period of 14 days before they can travel to Australia.", "Melbourne Cup 2015: Horses, fashion and food to star at the race that stops the nation", "The first Melbourne Cup was the brainchild of a member of the committee of The Victorian Turf Club. 17 horses contested the inaugural event winning £170 cash and were awarded a hand-beaten gold watch.", "The fastest winning Melbourne Cup time was posted by Kingston Rule, who won the race in 3 minutes and 16.3 seconds in 1990. The biggest winning margin in a Melbourne Cup was eight lengths and was achieved by both Archer (1862) and Rain Lover (1968). Carbine holds the record for winning the Melbourne Cup with the most weight on his back (65.5 kilograms), while Makybe Diva carried the heaviest weight of any mare (58 kilograms) to win her third Melbourne Cup in 2005.", "The Melbourne Cup continued to grow throughout the late 1800s, and it was well established as the most important race in Australia by the time Mark Twain visited in 1895 and documented the unique character of the event. By this point, none could contest how central the Melbourne Cup had become to Australian culture – possibly the first Australian tradition that no one could deny.", "This annual event enables the city of Melbourne to outperform its east coast rival Sydney, in both the fashionable and thoroughbred stakes. Melbourne is the only city in Australia and perhaps in the world, which gives its citizens a public holiday for a horse race." ]

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[ "The Curragh Racecourse, usually abbreviated to The Curragh, is Ireland's most important Thoroughbred race track. It is situated on the Curragh plain near Newbridge, County Kildare, Ireland.", "The Curragh is Ireland's premier international horse racing venue staging all 5 Irish classic races including the Dubai Duty Free Irish Derby. Located in County Kildare and less than one hour by car from Dublin City Centre, the Curragh stages 19 race meetings from May to September. The racecourse features a variety of bars and restaurants, together with a range of facilities for kids.", "The Curragh in County Kildare is one of great horse racing tracks, not just in Ireland, but on the planet. Known as the home of and a breeding ground for Irish flat racing excellence, the Curragh hosts all five of Ireland’s classic races, including the Irish Derby, the Irish Oaks, the 2000 and 1000 Guineas and the Irish St. Ledger. Home to many thousands of horses and scores of training establishments in the surrounding area, the course is the beating heart of the Irish racing scene and indeed the community at the centre of it all. The main racetrack is a long, winding, right-handed two mile horse-shoe which has played host to a ‘who’s who’ of equine brilliance over the years. There is also a one mile straight course latching onto the main track. The Curragh has all of the facilities you’d expect from a world class racing venue and for trainers, jockeys and owners, it is where everybody wants to be.", "The Currage consists of approximately 5000 acres of softly rolling grasslands. The plain was laid down over years ago when the last Ice Age finally loosened its grip on the land of Ireland, melting glaciers flushed sand and gravel out over the Curragh creating an out washed plain. Major horse racing events are staged in the Curragh and many of the roads in the surrounding area are lined with horse studs. When driving through the Curragh, travelers are often greeted with the sight of sleek, lean thourghough breeds being put through their paces. The Curragh is an ideal place for leisurely walks and picnics.", "The Curragh Racecourse in County Kildare, situated south of Dublin in the Republic of Ireland, is the “Home of horse racing in Ireland” since this is where horse racing in Ireland has its roots.", "Ballymany, The Curragh, Co. Kildare, Ireland. T:+353 45 443060 • E: info@itm.ie • www.itm.ie 30265_ITM_TBOB_Aug14.indd 1", "Approximately 26% of the horses trained in Ireland are trained on the Curragh. Horses trained on the Curragh have won major races world wide in countries as diverse as England, France, Germany, Hong Kong, America, Canada, and Australian", "Home to the five Irish classics, The Curragh is a right-handed horseshoe shaped course with a circuit of two miles with no sharp bends and a straight run in of three furlongs uphill. Races over five and six furlongs take place on an adjoining straight course, and mile races join onto this course after a two furlong chute. It is recognised as a very fair galloping track.", "Ireland is a Western European state that occupies five-sixths of the island of Ireland. It borders on Northern Ireland, which is a part of the United Kingdom, and it is located on important sea and air routes from Europe to North America. The area of the country is 70,283 sq km, and its population was 2, 971,000 in 1971. The capital is the city of Dublin. Ireland consists of four historical provinces and is divided for administrative purposes into 26 counties (see Table 1). The cities of Dublin, Cork, Limerick, Waterford, and Dun Laoghaire are administered as independent units.", "Republic of Ireland: Ireland also known as the Republic of Ireland, is a sovereign state in Europe occupying about five-sixths of the island of Ireland. The capital is Dublin, located in the eastern part of the island. The state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland, one of the constituent countries of the United Kingdom. It is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the Celtic Sea to the south, Saint George's Channel to the south east, and the Irish Sea to the east. It is a unitary, parliamentary republic with an elected president serving as head of state. The head of government, the Taoiseach, is nominated by the lower house of parliament, Dáil Éireann.", "Ireland ( Irish : Éire) or the Republic of Ireland ( Irish : Poblacht na hÉireann) is a state which covers approximately five-sixths of the island of Ireland, off the coast of northwest Europe . The remaining sixth of the island of Ireland is known as Northern Ireland and is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland . It is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the Celtic Sea to the south, Saint George's Channel to the southeast, and the Irish Sea to the east. The population of Ireland is approximately 6.4 million. Just under 4.6 million live in the Republic of Ireland and just under 1.8 million live in Northern Ireland. The country's official constitutional name is Éire or, in the English language , Ireland. The capital city of the Republic of Ireland is Dublin . In addition to the capital, other urban areas are Cork, Limerick, Waterford, Galway, Dún Laoghaire, and Dundalk.", "he province of Connaught lies in the West of Ireland with its coastline on the Atlantic Ocean. The counties of Mayo, Sligo, Leitrim, Galway and Roscommon make up this geographically diverse region with the Atlantic Ocean to its westerly boundary, and the midlands of Roscommon to the East. It is the least populated with a population of just over 400,000. Historically, Connaught has retained its rich Gaelic heritage and today still has communities where the Irish language only is spoken amongst them. But English is the primary second language. These regions are collectively called the Gaeltacht. The remote and beautiful Aran", "For administrative purposes, Ireland (republic of) is divided into 26 counties, most of which are described in separate articles, and 5 county boroughs, which are coextensive with the cities of Dublin, Cork, Galway, Limerick, and Waterford. The following counties are in Ireland: Carlow, Dublin, Kildare, Kilkenny, Laois (Laoighis), Longford, Louth, Meath, Offaly, Westmeath, Wexford, and Wicklow, in Leinster Province; Clare, Cork, Kerry, Limerick, Tipperary North Riding, Tipperary South Riding, and Waterford, in Munster Province; Galway, Leitrim, Mayo, Roscommon, and Sligo, in Connaught (Connacht) Province; and Cavan, Donegal, and Monaghan, in Ulster Province.", "Bunratty Castle (Irish: Caisleán Bhun Raithe, meaning Castle at the Mouth of the Ratty) is a large tower house in County Clare, Ireland. It lies in the centre of Bunratty village (Irish: Bun Ráite), by the N18 road between Limerick and Ennis, near Shannon Town and its airport. The name Bunratty, Bun Raite (or possibly, Bun na Raite) in Irish, means the 'bottom' or end of the 'Ratty' river. This river, alongside the castle, flows into the nearby Shannon estuary. From the top of the castle, one can look over to the estuary and the airport. Bunratty Castle is now a very popular tourist attraction. The interior has been furnished by Lord Gort with tapestries and artifacts from various eras in the castle's history. Some of the sights include the 'great hall', dungeons an... read more", "DUBLIN CITY first known as \"Eblana\" was noted on early maps of Ptolemy in the 2nd century. Later it became known as Dubh-linn meaning \"Black Pool\". Its current Irish name is Baile Atha Cliath, meaning \"Town of the Ford of the Hurdles\". Dublin is the capital of the Republic of Ireland. It is the resident city of President Mary McAleese and is the place of operation for the Irish Government. Dublin is split by the River Liffey (An Life) and is spanned by ten bridges. The Royal Canal and the Grand Canal provide connections between the port area and the northern and southern branches of the River Shannon.", "Dublin  Dublin is the capital and most populous city of Ireland. The English name for the city is derived from the Irish name Dubhlinn, meaning \"black pool\".", "For those who enjoy seeing the best racehorses and horsemen in the world doing what they do best on a glorious stage then a visit to the Curragh is a must. This racecourse, steeped in tradition, is where the Five Classic races are held: The Dubai Duty Free Irish Derby; The Darley Irish Oaks; The Etihad Airways Irish 1000 Guineas; The Tattersalls Irish 2000 Guineas and The St Leger along with many other great races.", "The word 'Curragh' means place of the running horse in Gaelic, and the plain in County Kildare is the home of Irish racing. The racecourse is used exclusively for flat racing, and host to all five Classics.", "Bunratty Castle, meaning \"Castle at the Mouth of the Ratty\" is a large tower house in County Clare, Ireland. It lies in the centre of Bunratty village. The name Bunratty, Bun Raite (or possibly, Bun na Raite) in Irish, means the 'bottom' or end of the 'Ratty' river. This river, alongside the castle, flows into the nearby Shannon estuary. From the top of the castle, one can look over to the estuary and the airport. The castle and the adjoining folk park are run by Shannon Heritage.", "Munster (Irish: An Mhumhain) is the southernmost of the four provinces of Ireland. It comprises the counties of: Clare , Cork , Kerry , Limerick , Tipperary , Waterford . The largest city in Munster is Cork .", "Ireland is an island on the western fringe of Europe between latitude 51 1/2 and 55 1/2 degrees north, and longitude 5 1/2 to 10 1/2 degrees west. Its greatest length, from Malin Head in the north to Mizen Head in the south, is 486 km and its greatest width from east to west is approximately 275 km. Since 1921 the island has been divided politically into two parts. The independent twenty-six county area, comprising 70,282 sq. km, has a population of 3,523,401 (1991). Northern Ireland, which is part of the United Kingdom and contains six of the nine counties of the ancient province of Ulster, has a population of 1,569,971 (1991). In 1973 Ireland became a member of the European Union (EU).", "Ireland's second largest city lies in the South West province of Munster, 250kms from Dublin, and is built on islands formed by the River Lee. Its name comes from corcach - Irish for 'marshy place'.", "Waterford meaning \"ram fjord\"; Irish: Port Láirge, meaning \"Lárag's port\") is a city in Ireland. It is located in the South-East Region and is also part of the province of Munster. It is the oldest and the fifth most populous city in the country. Waterford City Council is the local government authority for the city. The city is situated at the head of Waterford Harbour (Irish: Loch Dá Chaoch or Cuan Phort Láirge). The city motto Urbs Intacta Manet Waterfordia (\"Waterford remains the untaken city\") was granted by King Henry VII of England in 1497 after Waterford refused to recognize the claims of the pretenders Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck to the English throne. Waterford was subjected to two sieges in 1649 and 1650, during the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland. It withstood the first siege but surrendered during the second siege to Henry Ireton on 6 August 1650. We also had a fun Irish night out in Waterford. We went to see Richie Roberts play at Hayes Pub in Killea-Dunmore East, Ireland. Please click here to see our pictures from that evening. To see our YouTube video of our visit to Waterford, please click here .", "Galway (; ,) is a city in the West of Ireland in the province of Connacht. Galway City Council is the local authority for the city. Galway lies on the River Corrib between Lough Corrib and Galway Bay and is surrounded by County Galway. It is the fourth most populous urban area in the Republic of Ireland and the sixth most populous city in the island of Ireland.", "Carrauntoohil or Carrantuohill ( Irish : Corrán Tuathail) is the  highest peak  in  Ireland . Located in  County Kerry , it is 1,038 metres (3,406 ft) tall and is the central peak of the  Macgillycuddy's Reeks  range.  The peak of Carrauntoohil is topped by a large metal cross 5 metres (16 ft) tall.", "The green Shamrock, the harp, and the Celtic cross are the three most famous symbols of Ireland.", "Kylemore Abbey, built in 1868, is home to the Irish Benedictine Nuns and a secondary school. Some activities available in Connemara are regattas at coastal villages with the Hookers and Curraghs, and other water sports. Galway's traditional fishing vessel is known as The Hooker. The Curragh is a long, narrow canoe like boat, sometimes made of oiled animal skins, over a wooden frame.", "Dublin is the most heavily touristed region and home to several of the most popular attractions such as the Guinness Storehouse and Book of Kells. The west and south west, which includes the Lakes of Killarney and the Dingle peninsula in County Kerry and Connemara and the Aran Islands in County Galway, are also popular tourist destinations.", "Lynch's Castle, Galway City Lynch's Castle is located between Shop Street and Abbeygate Street. It is a 16th century castle which was heavily renovated in 1966 and converted into a bank. The Gargoyles can still be seen outside the bank and also the coat of arms of King Henry VII, the Lynch family and the Fitzgeralds of Kildare. A sad story reveals when James Lynch Fitzstephen, the Mayor of Galway, in 1493, invited the son of a Spanish trader to stay in Galway. His son who was in love with a Galway woman, became jealous of the Spaniard and the lady's partiality to his father's guest. He stabbed the Spaniard, and confessed to his father. Despite the efforts of the Galway citizens, Fitzstephen arrested and tried the son. No executioner could be found to hang the son, so Fitzstephen hanged his son from an upstairs window in his house. The event is marked by the \"Lynch Stone\" which commemorates unbending justice.", "The province of Leinster contains 12 counties: Carlow, Dublin, Kildare, Kilkenny, Laois, Longford, Louth, Meath, Offaly, Westmeath, Wexford and Wicklow. Its flag is a harp set on a green background.", "Statue of \"The Dying Cuchulain\" by Oliver Sheppard (1911), in the window of the General Post Office, Dublin - commemorating the 1916 rising", "The Annual GAA Dinner Dance will be held on November 20th at Club Arás. Tickets are on sale in the Club and are selling fast. Tickets are priced at €40 each." ]

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[ "Per Wikipedia – The Kentucky Derby is a Grade I stakes race for three year-old Thoroughbred horses, held annually in Louisville, Kentucky, United States on the first Saturday in May, capping the two-week-long Kentucky Derby Festival and is widely considered the most prestigious horse race in the world. The race is one and a quarter miles (2 km) at Churchill Downs. Colts and geldings carry 126 pounds (57.2 kg) and fillies 121 pounds (54.9 kg).[1] The race is known in the United States as “The Most Exciting Two Minutes in Sports” or “The Fastest Two Minutes in Sports” for its approximate duration, and is also called “The Run for the Roses” for the blanket of roses draped over the winner. It is the first leg of the United States Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing and is followed by the Preakness Stakes then the Belmont Stakes. The attendance at the Kentucky Derby ranks first in North America and usually surpasses the attendance of all other stakes races including the Preakness Stakes, Belmont Stakes and the Breeders’ Cup, for more information see American Thoroughbred Racing top Attended Events.", "The Kentucky Derby ( /ˈdɜrbi/) is a Grade I stakes race for three-year-old Thoroughbred horses, held annually in Louisville, Kentucky, United States on the first Saturday in May, capping the two-week-long Kentucky Derby Festival. The race is one and a quarter mile (2 km) at Churchill Downs. Colts and geldings carry 126 pounds (57.2 kg) and fillies 121 pounds (54.9 kg). The race is known in the United States as \"The Most Exciting Two Minutes in Sports\" or \"The Fastest Two Minutes in Sports\" for its approximate duration, and is also called \"The Run for the Roses\" for the blanket of roses draped over the winner. It is the first leg of the United States Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing and is followed by the Preakness Stakes then the Belmont Stakes. The horse must win all three to win the Triple Crown. The attendance at the Kentucky Derby ranks first in North America and usually surpasses the attendance of all other stakes races including the Preakness Stakes, Belmont Stakes and the Breeders' Cup.[citation needed] For more information, see American Thoroughbred Racing top Attended Events.", "The Belmont Stakes is staged in June at Belmont Park in Elmont, New York. It is a one and a half-mile race and puts the emphasis on stamina for any horse successful in the Kentucky Derby and/or Preakness. It is held exactly five weeks after the Kentucky Derby, and three weeks after the Preakness Stakes. The race takes on extra significance if there is a horse still in line for the illusive Triple Crown, which is also of interest for anyone in horse race betting .", "The Kentucky Derby is the greatest and most glamorous horse race in America, run since 1875 in Louisville, Ky. Also known as the Run for the Roses because of the garland of roses draped on the winning horse, it is a one-and-one-quarter-mile race for three-year-old thoroughbreds and is the first race in the Triple Crown; the others are the Preakness and the Belmont Stakes. The site of the race is hallowed Churchill Downs, the track known for its twin spires, built in 1895.", "The Kentucky Derby is a Grade I stakes race for three-year-old Thoroughbred horses, held annually in Louisville, Kentucky, United States on the first Saturday in May, capping the two-week-long Kentucky Derby Festival. The race is one and a quarter mile (2 km) at Churchill Downs. Colts and geldings carry 126 pounds (57.2 kg) and fillies 121 pounds (54.9 kg). The race is known in the United States as \"The Most Exciting Two Minutes in Sports\" or \"The Fastest Two Minutes in Sports\" for its approximate duration, and is also called \"The Run for the Roses\" for the blanket of roses draped over the winner. It is the first leg of the US Triple Crown and is followed by the Preakness Stakes, then the Belmont Stakes. The horse must win all three races to win the Triple Crown. The attendance at the Kentucky Derby ranks first in North America and usually surpasses the attendance of all other stakes races including the Preakness Stakes, Belmont Stakes and the Breeders' Cup.", "# Belmont Stakes, run over the dirt track, the longest in U.S. thoroughbred racing, at Belmont Park in Elmont, New York, just east of the New York City borough of Queens in Nassau County, Long Island.", "Belmont Stakes, US, June 6 As the venue for the final leg of America’s near-mythical Triple Crown of racing, Belmont Park in east Queens, New York, is both the birthplace and graveyard of legends. This year marks the 25th anniversary of Dermot Weld’s win with Go And Go – the last European victor. nyra.com", "When it comes to horse racing no term grabs the attention of spectators like that of the Triple Crown. With the Kentucky Derby, Preakness Stakes, and Belmont Stakes paving the way for this historic feat, the three races are some of the biggest tickets in the sporting world.", "The Belmont Stakes races have been run at Belmont Park since 1905, with the exceptions of 1911-12, when gambling was banned in New York State; and the 1963-67 editions, held at Aqueduct while the grandstands at Belmont Park were reconstructed. The first post parade in the United States was at the 14th Belmont, in 1880.", "The Belmont Stakes is an American Grade I stakes Thoroughbred horse race held every June at Belmont Park in Elmont, New York. It is a horse race, open to three-year-old Thoroughbreds. Colts and geldings carry a weight of 126 lb; fillies carry 121 lb. The race, nicknamed The Test of the Champion and The Run for the Carnations, is the third and final leg of the Triple Crown and is held five weeks after the Kentucky Derby and three weeks after the Preakness Stakes, on a Saturday between June 5 and June 11. The 1973 Belmont Stakes and Triple Crown winner Secretariat holds the mile and a half stakes record (which is also a track and world record on dirt) of 2:24.", "The three races that make up the Triple Crown are among the oldest in North America, with the Belmont Stakes the first of the trio to be staged, in 1867. The fourth-oldest race on the continent and named after New York financier August Belmont, the Belmont Stakes was first held at Jerome Park in the Bronx. After a time at Morris Park, Belmont Park was built in Elmont, N.Y., in 1905 and began to host the 1½-mile Belmont Stakes that year.", "The attendance at the Belmont Stakes is among the American thoroughbred racing top attended events. The 2004 Belmont Stakes drew a television audience of 21.9 million viewers, and had the highest household viewing rate since 1977 when Seattle Slew won the Triple Crown. ", "Horse Racing has a very large presence in Ireland, with one of the most influential breeding and racing operations based in the country. Racing takes place at courses at The Curragh Racecourse in County Kildare and at Leopardstown Racecourse, racing taking place since the 1860s, but racing taking place as early as the early 1700s. Popular race meetings also take place at Galway. Operations include Coolmore Stud and Ballydoyle, the base of Aidan O'Brien arguably one of the world's most successful horse trainers. Ireland has produced champion horses such as Galileo, Montjeu, and Sea the Stars.", "Formal racing first began in North America in 1665 with the establishment of the Newmarket course in Salisbury, New York, a section of what is now known as the Hempstead Plains of Long Island, New York. Belmont Park is now part of the western edge of the Hempstead Plains. Its mile-and-a-half main track is the largest dirt Thoroughbred race course in the world. The traditional high point of US horse racing is the Kentucky Derby, held on the first Saturday of May at Churchill Downs in Louisville, Kentucky.", "The term Triple Crown was first used when Gallant Fox won the three races in 1930, but the term did not enter widespread use until 1935 when his son Omaha repeated the feat. Sir Barton was then honored retroactively. Since 1931, the order of Triple Crown races has been the Kentucky Derby first, followed by the Preakness Stakes, and then the Belmont Stakes. Prior to 1931, eleven times the Preakness was run before the Derby. On May 12, 1917 and again on May 13, 1922, the Preakness and the Derby were run on the same day. On eleven occasions, the Belmont Stakes was run before the Preakness Stakes. The date of each event is now set by the Kentucky Derby, which is always held on the first Saturday in May. The Preakness Stakes is currently held two weeks later; and the Belmont Stakes is held three weeks after the Preakness (five weeks after the Derby). The earliest possible date for the Derby is May 1, and the latest is May 7; the earliest possible date for the Belmont is thus June 5, and the latest is June 11. ", "One of the main things to keep in mind when betting on the Belmont Stakes is the distance. Almost all horses that compete in the third jewel of the Triple Crown come here with no previous experience running at such a distance. By way of comparison, the Kentucky Derby checks in at 1 ¼ miles and the Preakness Stakes runs 1 3/16 miles. An extra quarter mile may not sound like much, but it has a huge impact on the race.", "The third leg of the racing world’s famed Triple Crown is the Belmont - run in Belmont Park in Elmont, NY. The race course is 1 1/2-mile, 12 furlongs, and is a sand track. Saturday, June 11th, 2005 marks the 137th running of the Belmont Stakes. The field of three year old champions race for a place in history and there is no handicap… the best horse will win.", "The 37-year gap between the Triple Crown wins of Affirmed and American Pharoah drew criticism of the system. As far back as 1986, reporters noted that horses who were fresh for the Belmont had an advantage. In 2003, Gary Stevens stated in an interview with Charlie Rose that he did not believe there would be another Triple Crown winner because of the tendency for owners to put fresh horses in the Preakness and Belmont Stakes. California Chrome co-owner Steve Coburn was particularly critical of the Triple Crown system in post-Belmont remarks in 2014; he considered the system to be unfair, arguing that there would never be another Triple Crown winner in his lifetime unless only horses that competed in the Kentucky Derby and Preakness competed at the Belmont. By 2014, six of the previous eight Belmont winners had not competed in either of the first two legs of the Triple Crown. Additionally, from 2006 to 2014, the Belmont winner was a horse who had not competed in the Preakness. American Pharoah was the first Belmont winner since Afleet Alex in 2005 to have run all three Triple Crown races.", "The only racetrack in the city of New York, Aqueduct opened in 1894. It sits on 210 acres near the JFK Airport and Belmont racetrack and is the site of the only three-way tie in stakes history. Many legendary thoroughbreds, including Man O' War and Secretariat, raced regularly at Aqueduct. The track hosted the Belmont Stakes, the third leg of the Triple Crown, during the reconstruction of the Belmont track from 1963 to 1968.", "File:Belmont Stakes 2014 start detail.png| The Belmont Stakes at the starting gate, at Belmont Park, in 2014.", "Officials of the New York Racing Association made a concerted effort to boost attendance on Belmont Stakes Day after the 1995 installment drew only 37,171. In 1997, NYRA and local officials put together the Long Island Belmont Stakes Festival—featuring parades, food fests and other events in surrounding communities to promote the big race. The effort succeeded in creating a buzz around the Belmont Stakes apart from the chance of seeing a Triple Crown. The 2000 and 2001 Belmonts—both run when there was no Triple Crown on the line—drew announced crowds of 67,810 and 73,857. The Belmont Stakes Festival continues to be held in communities near the track, such as Floral Park and Garden City. In 2004, a record attendance of 120,139 was on hand to see if Smarty Jones would be the first Triple Crown winner since 1978.", "The current distance of the race is 1 mile, 6furlongs and 132 yards (about 2900m). This is a little less than in “olden times”, but seen by many to be an outrageous test of stamina for a three-year-old. By comparison, the longest American Triple Crown event, the Belmont Stakes, is over 1 mile, 4 furlongs (2400m).", "The Belmont Park Racing Festival is the climax of the season, a three day racing festival that takes place every in the first weeks of June. It is in this festival were the Belmont Stakes takes place, a Grade 1 race with $1,5 million in purse prizes.", "The Belmont Stakes was run at Jerome Park from 1867 to 1889; at Morris Park from 1890 to 1904; at Aqueduct from 1963 to 1967. Not run in 1911 and 1912. Run at a mile and five furlongs from 1867 to 1873; a mile and a quarter in 1890, 1891, 1892, 1895, 1904 and 1905; a mile and a furlong in 1893 and 1894; a mile and three furlongs from 1896 to 1903 and from 1906 to 1925. No time taken in 1907 and 1908. Run as a Handicap Stakes in 1895 and in 1913. The value for the 1987, 1988 and 1992 winners includes the $1,000,000 Triple Crown point system bonus.", "Belmont Park is part of the western edge of the Hempstead Plains. Its mile-and-a-half main track is the largest dirt Thoroughbred race course in the world, and it has the sport's largest grandstand.", "The new $30.7 million Belmont Park grandstand, designed by Arthur Froehlich, was opened May 20, 1968 and is the largest in Thoroughbred racing. It has a total attendance capacity of more than 100,000, with the adjoining backyard being able to accommodate more than 10,000. The seating portion totals nearly 33,000. (Ironically, the smaller, more cramped Churchill Downs grandstand has more seats than Belmont, 51,000.) Unlike Churchill and Pimlico, Belmont does not allow paying spectators to picnic in the infield.", "The Kentucky Derby is a race for three year-old Thoroughbred horses, held annually on the first Saturday in May, capping the two-week-long Kentucky Derby Festival. It is widely considered the most prestigious horse race in the world. The race is one and a quarter miles (2 km) at Churchill Downs. The race is known as \"The Most Exciting Two Minutes in Sports\" or \"The Fastest Two Minutes in Sports\" for its approximate duration, and is also called \"The Run for the Roses\" for the blanket of roses draped over the winner. ", "The home of Irish Flat racing and the largest horse racing centre in the country. Situated on the Curragh County plains, it is 3km from the town of Newbridge in Co. Kildare and less than an hour from Dublin.", "The Kentucky Derby is a stakes race for 3-year-old thoroughbred horses, held each year in Louisville, Ky., in May. The race covers one and one-quarter miles and is known as \"The Most Exciting Two Minutes in Sports\" after its approximate time length. The Derby is the first leg of the Triple Crown of thoroughbred racing.", "The Kentucky Derby is the most famous graded stake shorse race for three-year-old thoroughbred horses and it takes place in Louisville, Kentucky on the first Saturday in May. Capping the two-week-long Kentucky Derby Festival, the Race for the Roses currently covers one and one-quarter miles (2.012 km) at Churchill Downs ; colts and geldings carry 126 pounds (57 kg), fillies 121 pounds (55 kg).", "The Gold Cup remains the feature race of the third day of Royal Ascot, traditionally the busiest day of the week and colloquially known as “Ladies’ Day”.  In 2009, Yeats, ridden by Johnny Murtagh and trained by Aidan O'Brien, won his fourth consecutive Gold Cup – a magnificent achievement, and one that is unlikely to be repeated.", "Churchill Downs is home to the Kentucky Derby, the largest sports event in the state, as well as the Kentucky Oaks, which together cap the two-week-long Kentucky Derby Festival. Churchill Downs has also hosted the renowned Breeders' Cup on eight occasions, most recently in 2011" ]

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[ "Joseph Clifford \"Joe\" Montana, Jr., (born June 11, 1956 in New Eagle, Pennsylvania), nicknamed Joe Cool and Comeback Joe, [1] is a retired American football player whose professional career in the National Football League (NFL) spanned the late 1970s through the mid-1990s. Montana started his NFL career in 1979 with the San Francisco 49ers , where he played quarterback (QB) for the next 14 seasons. He spent the 1993 and 1994 seasons, his final two years in the NFL, with the Kansas City Chiefs . [2] While a member of the 49ers, Montana started four Super Bowl games and the team won all of them. In 2000, Montana was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame . his first year of eligibility. [3]", "The 49ers retired the number 16, the jersey number Montana wore while with the team. In 1993, Montana was traded to the Kansas City Chiefs and led the franchise to its first AFC Championship Game in January 1994. In 1994, Montana earned a spot on the NFL 75th Anniversary All-Time Team; he is also a member of the NFL 1980s All-Decade Team. In 1999, editors at The Sporting News ranked Montana third on their list of \"Football's 100 Greatest Players.\" Also in 1999, ESPN named Montana the 25th greatest athlete of the 20th century. In 2006, Sports Illustrated rated him the number one clutch quarterback of all-time. [5]", "'That string of three Cowboy Super Bowl victories was interrupted by the 49ers win in 1995. What made that victory notable was that Joe Montana, star QB and leader of the San Fran teams that had won four Super Bowls in the '80s, had been traded in 1993 after missing most of '91 and '92 with injuries. His backup, Steve Young, would lead them to the '95 Super Bowl title, and end up a Hall-of-Famer himself. Another Hall-of-Fame QB, John Elway, won his only two Super Bowls in the final two years of his career as the Broncos won in '98 and '99, with Elway retiring just after being named Super Bowl MVP.'", "As the 49ers’ Twitter feed points out, Saturday is the 20th anniversary of quarterback Joe Montana’s retirement from the NFL.", "Philadelphia football struggled through the Marion Campbell years of the mid-1980s and was marked by a malaise in fan participation. However, in the 1985 Supplemental draft, the Eagles acquired the rights to Memphis Showboats' elite pass rusher Reggie White. In 1986, the arrival of head coach Buddy Ryan and his fiery attitude rejuvenated team performance and ignited the fan base, but the Eagles failed to win a playoff game during Ryan's tenure. Possibly the worst of these losses was the so-called Fog Bowl in 1988 against the Chicago Bears, which happened to be Ryan's former team that he helped lead to a Super Bowl XX victory as defensive coordinator. Ryan was fired on January 7, 1991 after an upset home playoff loss to the Redskins. Offensive coordinator Rich Kotite was promoted to head coach three days later.", "The Chiefs spent the off-season installing the \"West Coast offense\" under the direction of new offensive coordinator Paul Hackett, who at one time served as quarterbacks coach to Joe Montana in San Francisco. On April 20, the Chiefs traded for Joe Montana, who directed the 49ers to four Super Bowl victories in the previous decade. Guard Will Shields was selected with the club's third-round draft choice, rounding out the \"law firm\" of Grunhard, Szott and Shields which anchored the interior of Chiefs offensive line for most of the decade.", "On April 18, 1995, Montana announced his retirement before a huge crowd at Justin Herman Plaza in San Francisco. The event was broadcast live on local television, and included speeches from John Madden, Eddie DeBartolo, Jr, and others. Highlights from Montana's stay with San Francisco and interviews with former 49ers teammates were also shown. Bill Walsh served as the MC for the event. Montana's replacement with the Chiefs was his former backup in San Francisco, Steve Bono. Super Bowl XXX would be dedicated to Montana, who ended the pregame ceremonies with the ceremonial coin toss.", "On June 9, the club signed unrestricted free agent running back  Marcus Allen , who had spent 11 seasons tormenting the Chiefs as a member of the rival Los Angeles Raiders. Montana and Allen made their debuts in a 27-3 win at  Tampa Bay  on September 5, marking Montana’s first Opening Day appearance since 1990. Shields initiated a franchise-record streak of 175 consecutive starts the following week at  Houston . Thanks to a pair of Monday Night Football wins at Arrowhead, the club owned a 6-2 mid-season record. Before taking the field in a Sunday night contest at  Minnesota  on December 26, the team learned it had clinched its first AFC West title since 1971 thanks to a  Raiders  loss earlier in the day. The team finished the season with an 11-5 regular season record, marking the club’s fourth consecutive year with a double-digit victory tally. Linebacker Derrick Thomas was named the NFL’s Man of the Year following the season. Thomas, who founded “The Third and Long Foundation,” received the honor in large part due to his efforts in promoting children’s literacy. [7]", "Photo: San Francisco 49ers quarterback Joe Montana (16) sneaks across the goal line for the 49ers first score in the first quarter of Super Bowl XVI in the Pontiac Silverdome, Sunday, Jan. 24, 1982.", "In 1987, Montana had 31 touchdown passes, a career high, in just 13 games. In 1987, he also set the NFL record for most consecutive pass attempts without an incomplete pass (22), [23] passed for 3,054 yards, and had a passer rating of 102.1. [24] Though the 49ers finished with the best record in the NFL, they lost in the NFC semi-finals to the Minnesota Vikings . [25]", "In 1994 Montana became just the fifth quarterback to pass for more than 40,000 yards in a career. At the time of his retirement, he ranked fourth in career passing yards (40,551), attempts (5,391), and passing touchdowns (273). His 3,409 completions ranked third all-time, and his career passer rating of 92.3 was second all-time.", "Montana began the 1981 season as San Francisco's starting quarterback. The season ended up as one of the franchise's most successful seasons to that point. Backed in part by Montana's strong performance at quarterback, the team finished the regular season with a 13–3 record. In fact, Montana helped San Francisco win two of those games with fourth-quarter comebacks. The season was a precursor to one of Montana's most memorable moments as a professional quarterback. [18]", "The Dallas Cowboys and the Pittsburgh Steelers dominated the decade in the NFL. Steelers were led by Terry Bradshaw and Chuck Noll, and the Cowboys were led by Roger Staubach and Tom Landry.", "In 1986, Montana suffered a severe back injury during week one of the season. The injury was to a spinal disc in Montana's lower back and required immediate surgery. The injury was so severe that Montana's doctors suggested that Montana retire. On September 15, 1986, the 49ers placed Montana on the injured reserve list; however, he returned to the team on November 6 of that year. In his first game back from injury Montana passed for 270 yards and three touchdown passes in a 43–17 49er victory against the St. Louis Cardinals. Montana appeared in just eight games that season, and threw more interceptions than touchdown passes for the only time in his career. The 49ers finished the season with a record of 10–5–1. Montana was co-recipient (with Minnesota Vikings quarterback Tommy Kramer) of the 1986 NFL Comeback Player of the Year Award.", "Montana had a prolific season in 1982. However, the regular season was shortened to nine games when members of the Player's Association went on strike. Although San Francisco failed to make the playoffs, Montana threw for 2,613 yards and 17 touchdowns during the year. He also set what was then an NFL record with five consecutive 300-yard passing games.", "Montana missed the entire 1991 season and most of the 1992 season with an elbow injury sustained during the 1991 pre-season. In the final game of the 1992 regular season; a Monday Night Football matchup against the Detroit Lions, Montana stepped in and played the entire second half. Despite missing nearly two full seasons, Montana proved to be very effective, sealing the victory with \"insurance points\". By this time, however, Steve Young had established himself as a starter, and took over for the playoffs. Though it was not known at the time, Montana would not see another snap in a 49er uniform.", "In the 1979 NFL Draft , the San Francisco 49ers selected Montana at the end of the third round with the 82nd overall pick. [15] Montana was the fourth quarterback taken, behind Thompson, Phil Simms , and Steve Fuller , all selected in the first round.", "On January 10, 1982, San Francisco faced the Dallas Cowboys as 3 point home underdogs at Candlestick Park in the National Football Conference Championship Game. The final quarter was marked by one of the most notable plays in NFL history. Larry Schwartz of ESPN.com later defined the 1981 NFC Championship as Montana's signature game.", "San Francisco faced the Cincinnati Bengals in Super Bowl XVI. Montana completed 14 of 22 passes for 157 yards with one touchdown passing and one rushing touchdown. San Francisco won the game 26–21, and in recognition of his performance, Montana won the Super Bowl Most Valuable Player Award , which he accomplished two more times before he retired. The Super Bowl win also made Montana one of only two quarterbacks (along with Joe Namath ) to win a college national championship and a Super Bowl.", "The Chiefs mailed three jerseys to Montana. One was number 3, his number from Notre Dame which the Chiefs had retired in honor of Hall of Fame kicker Jan Stenerud, who offered to let him wear it. Another was number 19, which he wore in youth football and also briefly in training camp of the 1979 season with San Francisco, and the third was number 16, which Hall of Fame quarterback Len Dawson offered to let Montana wear since the organization had retired it. Montana declined Dawson's and Stenerud's offers and wore 19 instead and signed a $10 million contract over three years.", "Joe Montana expressed an early interest in sports, and it was Montana Sr. who first taught him the game of football. Montana started to play youth football when he was just eight years old, aided in part by his father. Montana Sr. listed his son as a nine-year-old so that Montana could meet the league's minimum age requirement. [7]", "1989 proved to be successful for Montana and the 49ers. The team finished the regular season with an NFL-best 14–2 record, [30] and their two losses were by a total of only five points. Montana threw for 3,521 yards and 26 touchdowns, with only 8 interceptions, giving him what was then the highest single-season passer rating in NFL history, a mark subsequently broken by Young in 1994. He also rushed for 227 yards and three touchdowns on the ground, and earned the NFL Most Valuable Player Award . In a memorable comeback win in week 4 against the Philadelphia Eagles , Montana threw four touchdown passes in the 4th quarter. He finished with 428 yards passing and five touchdown passes in the victory. The 49ers were successful in the playoffs, easily beating the Minnesota Vikings 41–13 and the Los Angeles Rams 30-3. Montana threw for a total of 503 yards and 6 touchdowns in those 2 games, without a single interception. Then, in Super Bowl XXIV , Montana became the first player (and to date, the only player) ever to win Super Bowl MVP honors for a third time, throwing for 297 yards and a then Super Bowl record five touchdowns, while also rushing for 15 yards as the 49ers defeated the Denver Broncos 55-10, the most lopsided score in Super Bowl history. [31]", "Philadelphia Eagles , appeared in Super Bowls XV and XXXIX. Their last championship was in 1960 .", "The next year, Montana threw for 3,910 yards and 26 touchdowns in 16 regular season games. The team ended the regular season with a 10-6 record and finished first in the NFC West. In the divisional playoff game , they faced the Detroit Lions . Yet again, Montana demonstrated his ability to perform well in high-pressure situations. Despite being out-played in terms of total yardage, the 49ers trailed by just six points as the game neared its conclusion. However, with 1:23 remaining in regulation, the 49ers offense had the ball at the Lions 14-yard line. Montana completed a touchdown pass to wide receiver Freddie Solomon , and San Francisco took the lead on the ensuing extra-point. [19]", "Montana holds postseason records for most career touchdown passes (45), games with a passer rating over 100.0 (12) and is second in passing yards (5,772) and games with 300+ passing yards (6, tied with Kurt Warner ). He also tied Terry Bradshaw 's record for consecutive playoff games with at least two touchdown passes (7) . In his four Super Bowls, Montana completed 83 of 122 passes for 1,142 yards and 11 touchdowns with no interceptions, earning him a passer rating of 127.8. Montana led his team to victory in each game, and is the only player ever to win three Super Bowl MVP awards. Montana also holds the record for most Super Bowl pass completions (83) and pass attempts (122) without throwing an interception.", "Noted for his ability to remain calm under pressure, Montana helped his teams to 31 fourth quarter come-from-behind wins. In the closing moments of the 1981 NFC Championship Game and Super Bowl XXIII , Montana threw game-winning touchdown passes. The touchdown at the end of the NFC championship game was so memorable that sports journalists, fans, and many others, refer to the play simply as \" The Catch \". The touchdown in the closing moments of Super Bowl XXIII came at the end of a 92-yard drive.", "THERE ARE ONLY TWO NFL QUARTERBACKS WHO HAVE WON 4 SUPER BOWLS JOE MONTANA IS ONE OF THEM", "The 49ers earned a trip to Super Bowl XXIII when they defeated the Minnesota Vikings and the Chicago Bears in the playoffs . In the NFC Divisional Playoffs, the 49ers faced Minnesota, who had eliminated them the year before. Montana threw three first-half touchdowns as the 49ers won 34-9. The victory over the Bears in the NFC Championship game is of particular note. Played at Soldier Field in Chicago, with temperatures in the single digits and a strong wind, Montana threw for 288 yards and 3 touchdowns. His first touchdown pass came on a play in which Montana threw a perfect sideline pass to Jerry Rice on a 3rd down play late in the first quarter, and Rice outran two Bears defenders for a 61-yard score. The 49ers won 28-3 to advance to Super Bowl XXIII. [28]", "Following Super Bowl XXVIII the Jones-Johnson relationship became contentious, and on March 29, 1994, the dynamic duo agreed to part ways after five seasons and winning consecutive Super Bowls and NFC East titles. The following day Jones replaced Johnson with their former University of Arkansas assistant coach and longtime Oklahoma University head coach Barry Switzer, who had won four national championships and eight Big Eight titles during his sixteen-year tenure in Norman, Oklahoma. While the Cowboys finished the 1994 season 12–4 again and won the third of what turned out to be five consecutive NFC East titles, they unfortunately opened their third consecutive NFC title game against San Francisco with three consecutive turnovers that turned into a 21–0 Niners’ lead halfway through the first quarter at Candlestick Park to essentially prevent the Cowboys from a chance to become the first and only team to win three consecutive Super Bowl titles. In a valiant effort, the Cowboys lost that day to San Francisco, 38–28, but not before they had moved to the Niners 43-yard line with just more than five minutes left in the fourth quarter and were arguably a non-interference call (on Niners corner Deion Sanders) away inside the five-yard line from drawing to 38–35. That game essentially was for the Super Bowl title; San Francisco easily defeated San Diego, 49–26, for the Lombardi Trophy.", "* The San Francisco 49ers won two consecutive Super Bowls (XXIII and XXIV); the following season they were eliminated in the NFC championship by the eventual Super Bowl champion New York Giants.", "1950 - Connie Mack announced that he was going to retire after 50 seasons as the manager of the Philadelphia Athletics.", "1969 - �Broadway� Joe Namath got out of the restaurant/nightclub business after agreeing to terms suggested by then NFL commissioner Pete Rozelle. Namath owned half of Bachelors III in New York City." ]

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[ "Nick Price was born in South Africa to English parents who moved the family to Rhodesia when Price was very young. Price would become a citizen, even serving in the Rhodesian Army during that country's civil war (from which it emerged as Zimbabwe).", "Nick Price used to think he would retire to Zimbabwe after his playing career had ended, but he has given up that dream. Since 2000 he has only been back once to the country of his youth, the pain of seeing his homeland made unrecognizable by a ruthless dictator too much to bear.", "Price was born in Durban, Union of South Africa. His parents were originally British and his early life was spent in Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). He attended Prince Edward School in Salisbury (now Harare), where he captained the golf team. After his schooling he served in the Rhodesian Air Force during that country's Bush War. He is at present a dual citizen of the United Kingdom and Zimbabwe. He began his professional golf career in 1977 on the Southern Africa Tour, before moving to the European Tour and finally the PGA Tour in 1983. In 1984, Price renounced his Zimbabwean citizenship and thereafter played under his British passport. It was not until 1996 that Price would regain his dual citizenship. Price is married to Sue and has three children. They live in Hobe Sound, Florida. Price's nephew Ray Price is a national cricketer for Zimbabwe. ", "Nigeria is a country in equatorial West Africa . It is the continent's most populous nation. It has a southern coastline on the Gulf of Guinea, and has Benin to the west, Cameroon to the southeast, Chad to the northeast, and Niger to the north. Its capital is Abuja . Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the seventh most populous country in the world. It is the largest African oil producer and, since April 2014, the most affluent economy in Africa . Even though this is not usually the case for African countries, according to the World Bank, Nigeria has reached almost western levels of economical growth, with a relatively high GDP count. Although there are several languages spoken in Nigeria, the official language is English. However, the national lingua franca is Nigerian pidgin, an English-based creole language spoken by a whooping 75 million people as a second language and by 3-5 million people as a native language, mostly in the Niger Delta. The highest point in Nigeria is Chappal Waddi at 2,419 m (7,936 ft). The main rivers are the Niger and the Benue, which converge and empty into the famous Niger Delta, one of the world biggest deltas. The currency is the Naira.", "Nick’s career has taken him all over the world and his lifelong passion is world travel. Not long ago he drove a 20 year-old Renault 4L solo from London to Mongolia for charity and last summer took part in the Children in Need trek from Istanbul to Almaty in Kazakhstan. As a patron of Hope and Homes for Children, Nick helps promote this British charity. He has worked for them in Romania, Rwanda and will visit Sierra Leone this summer. He has a home in France where he indulges his other passion, for old tractors.", "THE ULTIMATE NAIJA AND MZANSI About Runtown… FLAVOUR Born Douglas Jack Agu on 19 August, 1989, he is a Nigerian singer/songwriter/producer THERE is no doubt that currently Nigerian and with a diverse music style mix of Afro-pop, South African artists have Africa at her feet with hip-hop, RnB, Reggae and rap. amazing collaborations that have set the soil on !re! Currently signed under Eric Manny Entertainment in Nigeria, he has worked One such collaboration is from Nigerian singer, with Tommy Rotem of Beluga Heights USA producer and songwriter Run Town who has as a songwriter for Sean Kingston, Iyaz and teamed up with Africa's multi-award winning more Jamaican/American superstars. group Uhuru; giving us a fresh tune titled The Banger. Laza Morgan who is known for the hit song Fused with African beats, drums and a house twist, this sing along is already setting dance %oors alight with its compelling sounds that are sure to get you in the mix of things.", "Although its descent has been the most dramatic, Zimbabwe hasn’t been the only African country afflicted by mass white flight this decade. During the 1990s, in the last days of the relatively benevolent dictatorship of Félix Houphouët-Boigny, I traveled regularly to Abidjan, the capital of Ivory Coast, then known as the most French city in Africa: one could order a croissant and café au lait at any of the countless Parisian-style patisseries that lined the downtown streets; catch the latest films of Gérard Depardieu and Nathalie Baye at the French cultural center; and spend weekends at Mediterranean-style beach resorts.", "8. The most heavily populated country of the African continent, which comprises a confederation of the Yoruba, Ibo, and northern Moslem peoples is:   a. Zimbabwe  b. Kenya  c. South Africa  d. Nigeria  e. Egypt", "The kwaito industry is growing fast and there is becoming increasingly competitive. Popular artists include Zola, Mandoza, Trompies, Mzekezeke, Brown Dash, Mahoota, Spikiri, Mzambiya, Chippa, Msawawa, Mshoza, Thembi Seite, Thandiswa Mazwai, Brikz, TKZee, Unathi, and the late African pop and kwaito star Brenda Fassie. The kwaito stars in South Africa are seen as celebrities who influence the culture, language, and economy of the nation in ways that were impossible during the years of governmentally imposed segregation[http://www.insideout.org/documentaries/kwaito/ The Kwaito Generation: Inside Out:: A production of 90.9 WBUR Boston, MA]", "Africa has a plethora of ancient lineages in its various constituent nations. Some, such as the numerous sharifian families of North Africa, the Keita dynasty of Mali, the Solomonic dynasty of Ethiopia and the Sherbro Tucker clan of Sierra Leone, claim descent from notables from outside of the continent. Most, such as those composed of the descendants of Shaka and Moshoeshoe of Southern Africa, belong to peoples that have been resident in the continent for millennia. Generally their royal or noble status is recognized by and derived from the authority of traditional custom. A number of them also enjoy either a constitutional or a statutory recognition of their high social positions.", "Ans : At present, Libya is the African country having the highest valued expensive money value united than all other African nations.", "An obvious one is Botswana. The Pula has been stronger than the Rand for some years now and the country’s economy and political structure is often lauded as a shining example of how an African democracy can work. 1 Pula will cost you around R1.20, though this is not as bad as it was in around 2004 where it would have have cost you 20 cents extra.", "Pitch@Palace Africa had five Entrepreneurs from Africa along with five Entrepreneurs based in the UK with an interest in Africa, pitch their business to the audience to win the top prize. Among the top 10 was Sahara Communities Abroad (SACOMA)  led by Kenyan Diaspora Mrs. Perez Ochieng and Mr. Sam Ochieng.", "Aaron \"Big Voice Jack\" Lerole and his band recorded a single called \"Tom Hark\", which sold five million copies worldwide, and which Associated Television used as the theme song for the 1958 television series The Killing Stones. But the most famous star of the kwela era was Spokes Mashiyane. Paul Simon's 1986 album Graceland draws heavily on South African music, and includes pennywhistle solos in the traditional style, played by Morris Goldberg.", "Directed by Philip Noyce and starring Tim Robbins and Derek Luke, this movie follows the story of the apartheid struggle , starting with the armed insurrection of Umkhonto we Sizwe (the military wing of the ANC) in the 1960s. It focuses on the story of a young black man who unwittingly gets caught up in the struggle and the policeman who arrests him. The real Patrick Chamusso, on whom the film is based, appears as a walk-on, while writer Shawn Slovo's parents, leaders of the South African Communist Party and famous anti-apartheid activists , Joe Slovo and Ruth First, also appear.", "Kaffir Boy: The True Story of a Black Youth's coming of Age in Apartheid South Africa (1986) by Mark Mathabane (Banned in a number of schools due to a controversial", "During an interview at his office with this brilliant businessman, I could only understand why even children love him and why I got goose pimples on meeting him. Katumbi, a self-made man who made his first profit of 40 dollars at the age of 13 while selling fish in school, was born to an immigrant man from Israel who married a black woman from the DRC. His father was from a city in Israel called Netanya. During the Mobutu rein, the family was forced to change their names to African ones and they chose, Katumbi’s great grandfather’s name from the mother’s side.", "In November 2008, Nigeria's music scene (and that of Africa) received international attention when MTV hosted the continent's first African music awards show in Abuja. Additionally, the very first music video played on MTV Base Africa (the 100th station in the MTV network) was Tuface Idibia's pan-African hit \"African Queen\".", "\"Nigeria's success is a reminder that Africa is moving ahead despite its current challenges,\" said investment manager Kevin Daly of UK-based Aberdeen Asset Management, which invests in Africa. He pointed out that it is a Nigerian, billionaire Aliko Dangote, who is building Africa's largest privately owned oil refinery.", "Fifty-two of the world’s 192 countries have a GDP/person below $2,300 per year. Thirty-six of these countries are in Africa. Think of it: on average, the 689 million people in these 36 African countries subsist at a level approximately 7%, and less, of that enjoyed by the average person in a European Union country. The savagely-led country of Zimbabwe is at $200 per person per year. Zimbabwe’s dictator, President Robert Gabriel Karigamombe Mugabe , has been in power for almost 30 years, ever since the predecessor country, Rhodesia , was overthrown.", "In South Africa today, township taxis are nicknamed \"Zola Budd\" for their speed. The singer Brenda Fassie (whom Time magazine called \"the Madonna of the townships\" in 2001) had a hit single in the 1980s with her track \"Zola Budd\".", "The son of an English mother and a Ghanaian father, Afriyie was born in Wimbledon, London, and grew up on a council estate in Peckham, attending the local Oliver Goldsmith Primary School. He was educated at Addey and Stanhope School and has a BSc, degree in agricultural economics from Wye College. ", "Lagos Monopoly – Lagos has become the first African city to have its own customized edition. Banana Island is the most expensive property in the game, while the floating shantytown of Makoko is the cheapest piece of real estate.", "The Fula people or Fulani or Fulɓe (; ; ; ; ; ), numbering approximately 20 million people in total, are one of the most widely dispersed and culturally diverse of the peoples of Africa. The Fulani are bound together by the Fula language as well as by some basic cultural elements such as the pulaaku, a code of conduct common to all Fulani groups.", "Has the record for the biggest deposits of gold in the world, known as eGoli which means city of gold. It is the 18th largest city by land area and was known to be one of the fastest growing cities in the world. It has the biggest infrastructure in Africa, so big that it could host the African Nations Cup alone: Soccer city Stadium: 90 000 capacity; Ellis Park: 69 000 capacity; Orlando Stadium: 40 000 capacity; Rand Stadium: 35 000 capacity.", "“We have made good progress on the plant in Lusaka, we have already gotten permission to get into the land and start mining, so hopefully the same contractor might move there and build an identical plant with the one in Masaiti,” Dangote said. Dangote has been Africa’s richest man for the past five years. His current fortune is estimated at $15.9 billion derived from investments in cement, sugar and flour.", "His great-grandfather was the king of the Thembu people, Ngubengcuka. He was married to Evelyn Ntoko Mase from 1944 to 1957, to Winnie Madikizela from 1958 to 1996, and married Graça Machel in 1998.", "Adam Afriyie was born in Wimbledon in 1965. He attended Addey & Stanhope Grammar School and gained a BSc in Agricultural Economics from Imperial College (Wye) of London University.", "Africa Bite – pronounced locally as “Africa Bi-te”. Popular lunchtime African buffet, with excellent rotis, for Rwf3,000.", "In Africa, the hippo is known by various names, including seekoei (Afrikaans), mvuvu (Venda), kubu (Lozi) and mvubu (Xhosa, Siswati and Zulu) in the south; kiboko (Swahili), ensherre (Nkore), tomondo (Turu), nvubu (Luganda), ifuru (Luhya), emiria (Ateso), magawit (Sebei), kibei (Kalenjin) and olmakau (Maasai) in the African Great Lakes region; and ጉማርረ/gumarre (Amharic) and jeer (Somali) in the Horn of Africa. ", "Jared Diamond: When we talk about history we talk about development, we talk about competition between societies and the wealth of nations, it can sound intellectual, but here in Africa there are human faces on it.", "Price: Between $15 in some post-war African states and up to $1,000 at height of regional conflicts. Official prices somewhere in the middle." ]

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[ "Jim Brown was the most dominant running back in the history of football and one of the great athletes in the annals of American sport.", "Jim Brown is to running backs what Superman is to cartoon heroes. Standing 6-foot-2 and packing 230 hard pounds on his square-shouldered frame, he was an explosive fullback, combining outstanding speed with awesome power. He played only nine seasons for the Cleveland Browns - and led the NFL in rushing eight times.", "Brown retired in July 1966, [10] [11] after only nine seasons, as the NFL’s all-time leading rusher. He held the record of 12,312 yards until it was broken by Walter Payton on October 7, 1984, during Payton’s 10th NFL season. Brown is still the Cleveland Browns all-time leading rusher. [12] Currently Jim Brown is ninth on the all-time rushing list. [13]", "When watching tape of Jim Brown during his playing days, he appears to be a man playing against boys. And the biggest argument against him being the best running back of all time is the fact that defenders during his generation just weren't as big as they are today. The thing his critics fail to take into consideration, however, when making that argument is that if he played today, he would be privy to all the latest training techniques and advances in nutrition and would be bigger, stronger, and faster himself.", "James Nathaniel Brown (born February 17, 1936) is a former professional American football player and actor. He was a fullback for the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL) from 1957 through 1965. Frequently regarded among the greatest football players of all time, Brown was a Pro Bowl invitee every season he was in the league, was recognized as the NFL Most Valuable Player four times, and won an NFL championship with the Browns in 1964. He led the league in rushing yards in eight out of his nine seasons, and by the time he retired, he had shattered most major rushing records. In 2002, he was named by The Sporting News as the greatest professional football player ever. [1]", "The Browns responded in 1957 when they drafted fullback Jim Brown out of Syracuse , who easily became the NFL's leading rusher (and NFL Rookie of the Year ) with 942 yards in a 12-game regular season. Once again at the top of the division at 9–2–1, they advanced back to the Championship Game against Detroit. But the Lions dominated from start to finish, causing six turnovers and allowing the Browns' two quarterbacks (Tommy O'Connell and Milt Plum ) only 95 yards passing in a 59–14 rout, the Lions' last league championship to date.", "In 1957's draft, however, Cleveland took fullback Jim Brown out of Syracuse University in the first round. In his first season, Brown was the NFL's leading rusher with 942 yards in a 12-game regular season and was voted rookie of the year in a United Press poll. Led by Brown's running and quarterback Tommy O'Connell's passing, Cleveland finished 9–2–1 and again advanced to the championship game against Detroit, but the Lions dominated the game, forcing six turnovers and allowing only 112 yards passing in a 59–14 rout, Detroit's last league championship to date. ", "Jim Brown Actor, The Running Man Often mentioned as the greatest player in NFL history, this ruggedly handsome African American fullback for the Cleveland Browns first appeared on movie screens in the western Rio Conchos , followed by a strong supporting role as convict commando \"Jefferson\" in the terrific WW2 action film The Dirty Dozen ...", "Brown's claim to the title of greatest running back of all time is supported by statistics. In 118 career games, Brown averaged 104.3 yards per game and 5.2 yards per carry. None of the NFL's career rushing leaders come close to these spectacular totals. For example, Walter Payton averaged only 88 yards per game during his career with a 4.4 yards-per-carry average. Emmitt Smith averaged only 81.2 yards per game with a 4.2 yards-per-carry average. Brown has famously said on the subject: \"When running backs get in a room together, they don't argue about who is the best.\"", "Brown was taken in the first round of the 1957 NFL draft by the Cleveland Browns , the sixth overall selection. [8] After only nine years in the NFL, he departed as the NFL record holder for both single-season (1,863 in 1963) and career rushing (12,312 yards), as well as the all-time leader in rushing touchdowns (106), total touchdowns (126), and all-purpose yards (15,549). He was the first player ever to reach the 100-rushing-touchdowns milestone, and only a few others have done so since, despite the league’s expansion to a 16-game season in 1978 (Brown’s first four seasons were only 12 games, and his last five were 14 games).", "Brown’s 1,863 rushing yards in the 1963 season remain a Cleveland franchise record. It is currently the oldest franchise record for rushing yards out of all 32 NFL teams. His average of 133 yards per game that season is exceeded only by O.J. Simpson ‘s 1973 season. While others have compiled more prodigious statistics, when viewing Brown’s standing in the game, his style of running must be considered along with statistical measures. He was very difficult to tackle (shown by his leading 5.2 yards per carry), often requiring more than one defender to bring him down. [9]", "Cleveland's campaigns in 1959 and 1960 were noteworthy for Brown's league-leading rushing totals in both seasons. Plum became established as the starting quarterback, bringing a measure of stability to the squad not seen since Graham's retirement. The Penn State product led the team to a 7–5 record in 1959, and one year later, he turned in one of the greatest statistical seasons at his position in NFL history. Nonetheless, in 1960, the Browns dropped three games by a total of 10 points, finished with an 8–3–1 record and out of the playoffs for the second consecutive season. ", "The only successful drop kick in the NFL since the 1941 NFL Championship game was by Doug Flutie, the backup quarterback of the New England Patriots, against the Miami Dolphins on January 1, 2006, for an extra point after a touchdown. Flutie had estimated \"an 80 percent chance\" of making the drop kick, which was called to give Flutie, 43 at the time, the opportunity to make a historic kick in his final NFL game, the drop kick being his last play in the NFL. After the game, New England coach Bill Belichick said, \"I think Doug deserves it,\" and Flutie said, \"I just thanked him for the opportunity.\" The kick was executed from 27 yards out (Flutie stood in a punter position, 15 yards behind the line of scrimmage). Drew Brees, a former teammate of Flutie's, attempted a drop-kicked extra point from the same position during the poorly received 2012 Pro Bowl; his kick, however, fell short.", "In  1966 , the Chiefs were beginning to lay the groundwork for a return to the AFL Championship game and eventual dominance in the later years of the AFL. Team owner Lamar Hunt was publicly negotiating with NFL Commissioner  Pete Rozelle  about a possible merger of the two leagues.  Defensive end   Aaron Brown  was highly coveted by many clubs, including the NFL’s  Steelers , who intended to select him. The Steelers couldn’t locate Brown on draft day since he was already aboard a flight with Chiefs owner Lamar Hunt, who carried out the first mid-air signing in team history. The Chiefs signed  Heisman Trophy -winning running back  Mike Garrett  in the 20th round of the  1966 AFL Draft . Garrett went on to earn AFL Rookie of the Year honors for the 1966 season. [2]", "Jim Brown’s 1,000-yard season of 1962 doesn’t materially change much of NFL history. For example, whether he ran for 12,312 yards (his \"official\" mark) or 12,327 yards (the \"unofficial\" mark), Brown is still No. 9 on the all-time rushing list, one spot behind Tony Dorsett (12,739) and one spot ahead of Marshall Faulk (12,279).", "Brown was a longtime coach of the Cleveland Browns and an early innovator of American football. Brown’s contributions include the use of game film to scout opponents, the hiring of full-time assistant coaches, helping to integrate the game, using intelligence tests to evaluate players and the modern facemask. Despite his contributions, Brown was thought to be controlling which led to conflicts with players and ownership. Art Modell purchased the Browns in 1961 and relieved Brown of his duties in 1963.", "Cleveland would go on to win a total of four NFL titles to go along with their four AAFC crowns. The Browns would later draft one of the greatest players to ever suit up for pro football—Jim Brown.", "In the 1950s the Los Angeles Rams’ head coach Sid Gillman exploited the passing game as never before, but in the late 1940s and ’50s it was the Cleveland Browns’ head coach Paul Brown who revolutionized professional football with organizational principles that were eventually adopted throughout the football world. Brown made the watching of game films a part of the entire team’s preparation, placed assistant coaches in the press box, even experimented with implanting a radio transmitter in the quarterback’s helmet—a tactic quickly banned by the commissioner, not to be legalized for another four decades. Brown invented “pocket protection” for his quarterback, with the linemen not aggressively blocking, as on running plays, but dropping back into a pocket to shield the quarterback. Vince Lombardi extended this principle to running plays at Green Bay in the 1960s, having his linemen block areas rather than specific men and having the running back read which way his lineman blocked his man at the point of attack. The basic principle of brushing defensemen aside rather than overpowering them gave new flexibility to the running game.", "1984 - Walter Payton of the Chicago Bears broke Jim Brown�s combined yardage record when he reached 15,517 yards.", "Joseph Clifford \"Joe\" Montana, Jr. (born June 11, 1956), nicknamed Joe Cool and The Comeback Kid, is a retired American football quarterback. He played in the National Football League (NFL) for the San Francisco 49ers and Kansas City Chiefs. After winning a college national championship at Notre Dame, Montana started his NFL career in 1979 with San Francisco, where he played for the next 14 seasons. Traded before the 1993 season, he spent his final two years in the league with the Kansas City Chiefs. While a member of the 49ers, Montana started and won four Super Bowls and was the first player ever to have been named Super Bowl Most Valuable Player three times. He also holds Super Bowl career records for most passes without an interception (122 in 4 games) and the all-time highest quarterback rating of 127.8. Montana was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2000, his first year of eligibility. ", "Brown has been inducted into the Halls of Fame of Pro Football, College Football and Lacrosse. No other player has accomplished this triple.", "Behind a potent offense that featured Graham, Groza, Motley, Lavelli, and running back Dub Jones, the Browns finished the 1950 regular season with a 10–2 record, tied for first place in their conference. Cleveland then won a playoff game 8–3 against the New York Giants on December 17 behind a pair of Groza field goals, turning the tables on a team that handed the Browns both of their regular-season losses. That set up the NFL championship match a week later in Cleveland, between the Browns and the Rams, the NFL team that had moved from Cleveland just five years earlier. The Browns won the championship game, 30–28, on a last-minute Groza field goal. Fans stormed the field after the victory, carting off the goalposts, ripping off one player's jersey, and setting a bonfire in the bleachers. \"There never was a game like this one,\" Brown said. ", "Brown's autobiography was published in 1989 by Zebra Books. It was titled Out of Bounds and was co-written with Steve Delsohn. He was a subject of the book Jim: The Author's Self-Centered Memoir of the Great Jim Brown, by James Toback.", "* Dave Brown (quarterback) (born 1970), NFL quarterback for New York Giants and Arizona Cardinals, 1992–2001", "The Cleveland Browns have the fourth largest number of players enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame with a total of sixteen enshrined players elected based on their performance with the Browns, and five more players elected who spent at least one year with the Browns franchise. [51] No Browns players were inducted in the inaugural induction class of 1963. Otto Graham was the first Brown to be enshrined as a member of the class of 1965, and the most recent Brown to be included in the Pro Football Hall of Fame is Gene Hickerson , who was a member of the class of 2007.", "His average of 133.1 yards per game remains the second-best performance in NFL history, behind only O.J. Simpson in his 2,003-yard campaign of 1973 (143.1 YPG). Keep in mind Simpson ran the ball 41 more times than Brown did in 1963 – basically, Simpson needed three more carries per game to produce that additional 10 yards per game. Simpson averaged 6.03 YPA to Brown's 6.40.", "The Cleveland Browns were founded in 1945 by businessman Arthur B. McBride and Coach Paul Brown as a charter member of the All-America Football Conference (AAFC). The Cleveland Browns dominated the AAFC, compiling a 47–4–3 record in the league's four active seasons and winning its championship in each of them. When the AAFC folded after the 1949 season, the Browns joined the National Football League along with the San Francisco 49ers and the original Baltimore Colts. The Browns won a championship in their inaugural NFL season, as well as in the 1954, 1955, and 1964 seasons. From 1965 to 1995, they made the playoffs 14 times, but have never won another championship or appeared in the Super Bowl.", "Understand, Paul Brown — who led the Browns to seven titles beginning with their AAFC inception in 1946 and entered the Hall of Fame in 1967 — remains an NFL icon and innovator. Face masks on helmets, racial integration, innovative plays — you name it, he did it.", "In 1959 the Browns started 6–2 but finished 7–5, out of championship contention, despite Brown once again leading the league in rushing with 1,329 yards. In 1960, Plum threw for 21 touchdowns and Brown's 1,257 yards was still best in the NFL, but the team still finished second at 8–3–1.", "** Paul Brown, American football coach (Cleveland Browns) and member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame (b. 1908)", "There's some debate about whether Cleveland's professional football franchise was named after its first coach and general manager, Paul Brown, or after boxer Joe Louis, who was nicknamed the \"Brown Bomber.\"", "Notable NFL players include Jim Kelly, Joe Montana, Roger Staubach, Dick Butkus, Joe Greene, Bart Starr, Johnny Unitas, Walter Payton, Steve Young, Jerry Rice, Brett Favre, Emmitt Smith, and Ray Lewis. Notable current NFL players include Drew Brees, Tom Brady, Cam Newton, and J. J. Watt." ]

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[ "Basketball icon Magic Johnson was born Earvin Johnson Jr. on August 14, 1959, in Lansing, Michigan. For 12 years, Johnson dominated the court as one of America's best basketball players. He has since then built up a business empire, which includes real estate holdings, several Starbucks franchises, and movie theaters.", "Magic Johnson was born on August 14, 1959 in Lansing, Michigan, USA as Earvin Johnson. He is a producer and actor, known for Magic & Bird: A Courtship of Rivals (2010), The NBA on TNT (1988) and Michael Jordan: Air Time (1993). He has been married to Cookie Johnson since September 14, 1991. They have two children.", "Magic Johnson. If you just say \"Magic\", you know exactly who everyone is talking about, and it's not the team in Orlando. Incidentally, his real name is Earvin.", "Former NBA Player Earvin \"Magic\" Johnson announced in 1991 that he was diagnosed with HIV. He created the Magic Johnson Foundation to help combat HIV and raise awareness about the virus. Johnson worked with the White House and the United Nations in the fight against HIV/AIDS, and continues to advocate for HIV/AIDS prevention and safe sex.", "Johnson first fathered a son in 1981, when Andre Johnson was born to Melissa Mitchell. Although Andre was raised by his mother, he visited Johnson each summer, and was working for Magic Johnson Enterprises as a marketing director. In 1991, Johnson married Earlitha \"Cookie\" Kelly in a small wedding in Lansing which included guests Thomas, Aguirre, and Herb Williams. Johnson and Cookie have one son, Earvin III (EJ), who is openly gay and a star on the reality show Rich Kids of Beverly Hills. The couple adopted a daughter, Elisa, in 1995. Johnson resides in Dana Point, California. ", "Johnson, Magic American basketball player who led the National Basketball Association (NBA) Los Angeles Lakers to five championships. The son of an autoworker, Johnson earned his nickname “Magic” in high school for his creative and entertaining ballhandling. He was...", "Earvin Johnson Jr. grew up playing basketball in Lansing, Mich ., where he earned the nickname “Magic” for his “uncanny ability to see plays before they developed.” At 6-foot-9 inches tall, he had the size of a forward, but the quickness of a guard.", "Johnson runs Magic Johnson Enterprises, a conglomerate company that has a net worth of $700 million; its subsidiaries include Magic Johnson Productions, a promotional company; Magic Johnson Theaters, a nationwide chain of movie theaters; and Magic Johnson Entertainment, a film studio. In addition to these business ventures, Johnson has also created the Magic Card, a pre-paid MasterCard aimed at helping low-income people save money and participate in electronic commerce.[https://www.onlymagiccard.com/ The Magic Card.] www.onlymagiccard.com. Retrieved April 6, 2013. In 2006, Johnson created a contract food service with Sodexo USA called Sodexo-Magic.[http://www.sodexomagic.com/company.html \"About us – Sodexo Magic.\"] www.sodexomagic.com. Retrieved April 7, 2013. In 2004, Johnson and his partner Ken Lombard, sold Magic Johnson Theaters to Loews Cineples Entertainment in 2004. The first Magic Johnson Theater located in the Baldwin Hills Crenshaw Plaza, closed in 2010 and re-opened in 2011 as Rave Cinema 15.Vincent, Roger. [http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/money_co/2011/06/former-magic-johnson-theaters-reopens-as-rave-cinemas.html \"Former Magic Johnson Theaters Re-opens as Rave Cinemas.\"] www.latimesblogs.latimes.com, June 28, 2011. Retrieved April 17, 2015.", "More recently we have observed Magic Johnson reporting at a news conference on November 7, 1991 that he was infected with the HIV Virus and was retiring immediately from the Los Angeles Laker's (Stevenson, 1991). Magic, like Lou Gehrig, was an established superstar, having led his Michigan State team to an NCAA championship in 1979, and the Los Angeles Lakers to five NBA titles between 1980 and 1990. Magic also won the NBAs MVP three times, and was the league's all-time leader in assists (Brown, 1991). Along the way he had also acquired significant wealth from lucrative playing contracts and wise investments (Hoffer, 1990). Nonetheless, Magic's career as a player was not only shortened significantly, but terminated so abruptly that the public was jolted. While somewhat speculative, various television interviews with him seemed to project a man at peace with himself, and fairly content with having achieved as much as he had in the athletic realm. Still, as an athlete at age 32, Magic Johnson, perhaps the premier NBA player of the 1980s, excluding short-term appearances, such as in the 1992 All Star Game or Barcelona Olympics, was forced to retire at the peak of his athletic career.", "Magic Johnson - Mini Biography (TV-14; 3:34) A short biography of Magic Johnson who dominated basketball for 13 years as a player for the L.A. Lakers. In 1991, he announced that he was HIV positive and used his name to raise awareness for the disease.", "In the 1979 NBA draft, Los Angeles selected point guard Magic Johnson from Michigan State with the first overall pick. It took Johnson's teammates time to acclimate themselves to his passing ability, as his \"no-look\" passes often caught them unaware. Once they adjusted, his passing became a key part of Los Angeles' offense. The Lakers won 60 games in Johnson's rookie year, and defeated the Philadelphia 76ers in six games in the 1980 NBA Finals. Johnson won the series Finals MVP award, after starting at center for the injured Abdul-Jabbar in game six, and tallying 42 points, 15 rebounds, and seven assists. The team fell off in the 1980–81 season, though, as the Lakers lost Johnson for most of the season to a knee injury. The team turned in a 54–28 record and finished second behind the Phoenix Suns in the Pacific Division. The Rockets, led by Moses Malone, defeated Los Angeles in the first round of the playoffs.", "Michael Jeffrey Jordan (born February 17, 1963), also known by his initials, MJ, is an American retired professional basketball player. He is also a businessman, and principal owner and chairman of the Charlotte Hornets. Jordan played 15 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the Chicago Bulls and Washington Wizards. His biography on the NBA website states: \"By acclamation, Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball player of all time.\" Jordan was one of the most effectively marketed athletes of his generation and was considered instrumental in popularizing the NBA around the world in the 1980s and 1990s. ", "In November 1991, Magic Johnson retired from the Lakers after revealing that he had HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. He believed he contracted the disease through unprotected sexual activity. The diagnosis was especially hard for Johnson. At the time he learned he had the disease, his wife Cookie was pregnant with their first child. Both his wife and son, Earvin III, turned out to not have HIV.", "Whose 1996 return to the NBA earned him simultaneous Time, Newsweek, U.S. News and Sports Illustrated covers?*Magic Johnson    ", "Magic Johnson was The Rival and a Friendly Enemy to Larry Bird. Played for the Lakers - it's largely his rivalry with Bird that caused them to be notched as rivals with the Celtics. He has 3 MVP awards and 5 championships. He retired in the early '90s when he revealed he was HIV positive at a time when many thought such a diagnosis was a death sentence. After his retirement, he played on the 1992 All Star Game and the famed Dream Team, as well as coach for the Lakers for a few games back in 1994 and play one more year for the Lakers in 1996 before officially calling it quits.", "Magic Johnson continued to play in college for Michigan State University. Standing at 6 feet 9 inches tall, he made for an impressive point guard. Johnson excelled during his freshman year, helping his team, the Spartans, clinch the Big Ten Conference title. The following year, he played an important role in taking the Spartans all the way to the NCAA Finals. There they faced off against the Indiana State Sycamores. In one of the most famous match-ups in college basketball history, Johnson went head-to-head with Indiana's star forward, Larry Bird. The Spartans proved victorious, and the Johnson-Bird rivalry would follow the players to their days with the NBA.", "Magic Johnson explored other options after leaving basketball. In 1992, he had his latest book, My Life, published. Johnson had previously written two books about himself and the game, 1983's Magic and 1989's Magic's Touch. He also appeared on television as a sports commentator. During the 1993-1994 basketball season, Johnson tried his hand at coaching with the Lakers. He then bought a small share of the team.", "** Los Angeles Lakers point guard Magic Johnson announces he has HIV, effectively ending his NBA career.", "1991 - Magic Johnson appeared on \"The Arsenio Hall Show.\" It was his first appearance after announcing that he was HIV positive.", "and Jackson Hewitt. He also has a minority ownership interest in the Los Angeles Lakers. Magic’s business ventures have kept him quite busy since his playing career ended.", "Magic Johnson made his debut for the Los Angeles Lakers at the San Diego Clippers. The Lakers won 103-102.", "Just as he had dominated the courts, Johnson became a powerful force in business. He created Magic Johnson Enterprises, which has a variety of holdings. Much of his efforts have focused on developing urban areas, bringing Starbucks coffee franchises and movie theaters into underserved communities. In 2008, he shared his secrets for success with the book 32 Ways to be a Champion in Business.", "1992 – Magic Johnson returned to professional basketball by playing in the NBA All-Star game. Johnson was named most valuable player as his side, the Western Conference, defeated the Eastern Conference 153-to-113.", "Magic Johnson was the only former player to speak before tipoff in a relatively brief ceremony (as per Bryant's wishes).", "Magic Johnson opens up Kobe Bryant's final game with a touching tribute dedicated to the Black Mamba.", "If he didn't share an era with Larry Bird, Johnson surely would have won more than five championships and three MVPs. He would have owned the '80s by himself. But what fun would that have been? Together, the two superstars created an indelible rivalry and revitalized the league from its 1970s stupor. Nothing in NBA history has been more exciting than Magic leading the fast break. At least until the No. 1 player on this list came along...", "Magic was a 6′8 point guard who could run the break, drive to the hole, rebound and post-up. His excellence produced five NBA Championships and three MVPs. He accomplished all of that despite the fact that his career ended at 31 years of age. One can only imagine what he could have done with five-to-ten more years added to his career. He wasn't a great athlete, but he found a way to make his teammates play WAY above their heads. His passing, rebounding and leadership would allow him to dominate today's game.", "Just how great a basketball player was Johnson? So great, perhaps, that future generations of hoop fans may wish they had entered the world years earlier -- just so they could have seen Magic play in person instead of watching him only on highlight reels.", "Johnson won Finals MVP and remains the only rookie ever to win the award. Johnson won four more NBA championships before retiring in 1991 after discovering that he was HIV-positive. But Johnson returned to be captain of the 1992 Olympic Dream Team that won the gold medal in Spain.", "\"Magic is head-and-shoulders above everybody else,\" Larry Bird once observed in the Chicago Sun-Times. \"I've never seen [anybody] as good as him.\"", "Morning Trivia: For 22 years, he was known as the Clown Prince of the touring Harlem Globetrotters basketball team. He played in more than 16,000 games for the Globetrotters and was a 2003 inductee into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. Who is he?", "Magic is crazy. He is that crazy wild guy on the basketball court that is very intense and very serious. He is the guy who lives and eats and breathes basketball." ]

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[ "In baseball, when a team is pitching how many players do they have on the field?*Nine", "A baseball team fields nine players. On the field, each player is responsible for a particular position. The pitcher puts the ball into play by throwing it toward home plate. Each throw is called a pitch. By holding the ball in special ways and adjusting its spin, pitchers can throw a variety of pitches. They use these techniques, along with changing the speed of their throw, to make it more difficult for batters to hit the ball. The catcher receives the ball and returns it to the pitcher unless the batter hits the ball. Catchers also defend home plate when a runner tries to score.", "In each inning the batting team sends one player, known as the hitter or batter, in turn, to bat (known as an \"at bat\"), until three hitters are \"out\", whilst the pitching team have nine players on the field trying to prevent them scoring. If the scores are tied at the end of nine innings, a tenth is played, and if necessary an eleventh, and a twelfth, and so on (both halves of the extra inning have to be completed before the game is resolved, if both teams score a run in the tenth, then an eleventh is played, etc). There are no ties in Baseball.", "Each team has nine players in its batting order, and they must stick to that order throughout the game (players may substitute in for other players). A play begins with a batter waiting to hit a pitch from the pitcher. If the batter hits the ball into the field of play, the batter runs to first base and can run to as many bases as he or she deems fit without getting out.", "Baseball is another game played between two teams of nine players. One of the teams are selected for batting and the other for fielding. Both the teams attempt to score more runs than its opponents. The batsman has to hit the ball thrown by the pitcher with a bat. After hitting, he again needs to move counter-clockwise around a series of four bases, named as first, second, third and home plate. When the runner advances around the bases and returns to home plate, a run is scored.", "Baseball is a sport played between two teams usually of nine players each. It is a bat-and-ball game in which a pitcher throws ( pitches) a hard, fist-sized, leather-covered ball toward a batter on the opposing team. The batter attempts to hit the baseball with a tapered cylindrical bat, made of wood (as required in professional baseball) or a variety of other materials (as allowed in many nonprofessional games). A team scores runs only when batting, by advancing its players—primarily via hits—counterclockwise past a series of four markers called bases arranged at the corners of a ninety-foot square, or \"diamond.\" The game, played without time restriction, is structured around nine segments called innings. In each inning, both teams are given the opportunity to bat and score runs; a team's half-inning ends when outs are recorded against three of its players.", "Major League Baseball teams are normally allowed to have twenty-five players on their roster for each game, and will normally carry thirteen or fourteen \"position players\". In addition to the eight starters, a team will normally have a backup catcher, a backup outfielder (or two) and two backup infielders (or two). One of these may be the Designated Hitter if it's in use.", "There are nine players out on the field at one time. Although the pitcher and catcher have the ball the most, each person has a specific job. In the infield there is the pitcher, catcher, first baseman, second baseman, shortstop, and third baseman. In the outfield there is left fielder, center fielder, and right fielder. In slow pitch softball there is an extra outfielder in the out field, who is specified as a rover. Normally, the defensive team will play with four outfielders, meaning there is a left fielder, left-center fielder, right-center fielder, and right fielder.", "Baseball is played between two teams of nine players each on a baseball field , under the authority of one or more officials, called umpires . There are usually four umpires in major league games; up to six (and as few as one) may officiate depending on the league and the importance of the game. There are four bases . Numbered counter-clockwise , first, second and third bases are cushions (sometimes informally referred to as bags) shaped as 15 in (38 cm ) squares which are raised a short distance above the ground; together with home plate , the fourth \"base,\" they form a square with sides of 90 ft (27.4 m ) called the diamond . Home base (plate) is a pentagonal rubber slab known as simply home. The field is divided into two main sections:", "The game is played in nine innings in which each team gets one turn to bat and try to score runs while the other pitches and defends in the field. In baseball, the defense always has the ball -- a fact that differentiates it from most other team sports. The teams switch every time the defending team gets three players of the batting team out . The winner is the team with the most runs after nine innings. In the case of a tie, additional innings are played until one team comes out ahead. At the start of the game, all nine players of the home team play the field, while players on the visiting team come to bat one at a time.", "At the beginning of each half-inning, the nine players on the fielding team arrange themselves around the field. One of them, the pitcher, stands on the pitcher's mound. The pitcher begins the pitching delivery with one foot on the rubber, pushing off it to gain velocity when throwing toward home plate. Another player, the catcher, squats on the far side of home plate, facing the pitcher. The rest of the team faces home plate, typically arranged as four infielders—who set up along or within a few yards outside the imaginary lines between first, second, and third base—and three outfielders. In the standard arrangement, there is a first baseman positioned several steps to the left of first base, a second baseman to the right of second base, a shortstop to the left of second base, and a third baseman to the right of third base. The basic outfield positions are left fielder, center fielder, and right fielder. A neutral umpire sets up behind the catcher.Porterfield (2007), pp. 16–18, 25, 34, 35; Other umpires will be distributed around the field as well, though the number will vary depending on the level of play, amateur or children's games may only have an umpire behind the plate, while as many as six umpires can be used for important Major League Baseball games.", "Multiple pitchers are often needed in a single game, including the starting pitcher and relief pitcher (s). Pitchers are substituted for one another like any other player (see below), and the rules do not limit the number of pitchers that can be used in a game; the only limiting factor is the size of the squad, naturally. In general, starting pitchers are not used in relief situations except sometimes during the post-season when every game is vital. If a game runs into many extra innings, a team may well empty its bullpen . If it then becomes necessary to use a \"position player\" as a pitcher, major league teams generally have certain players pre-designated as emergency relief pitchers, to avoid the embarrassment of using a less skillful player. In baseball's early years, squads were smaller, and relief pitchers were relatively uncommon, with the starter normally remaining for the entire game unless he was either thoroughly ineffective or became injured; today, with a much greater emphasis on pitch count (100 being the \"magic number\" in general), over the course of a single game each team will frequently use from two to five pitchers. In the 2005 ALCS , all four of the Chicago White Sox victories were complete games by the starters, a highly noteworthy event in the modern game.", "The number of players on a Major League roster is dictated by the labor agreements worked out between players and management. According to Major League Baseball, a team may have a maximum of 25 men on a roster from Opening Day until August 31. After that, teams may call up additional personnel, up to a maximum of 40 players on the active roster, with the exception of the postseason, where rosters are fixed at 25 men.", "Multiple pitchers are often needed in a single game, including the starting pitcher and relief pitcher (s). Pitchers are substituted for one another like any other player (see below), and the rules do not limit the number of pitchers that can be used in a game; the only limiting factor is the size of the squad, naturally. In general, starting pitchers are not used in relief situations except sometimes during the post-season when every game is vital. If a game runs into many extra innings, a team may well empty its bullpen. If it then becomes necessary to use a \"position player\" as a pitcher, major league teams generally have certain players pre-designated as emergency relief pitchers, to avoid making a mockery of the game. In baseball's early years, squads were smaller, and relief pitchers were relatively uncommon, with the starter normally remaining for the entire game unless he was either thoroughly ineffective or became injured; today, with a much greater emphasis on pitch count (100 being the \"magic number\" in general), over the course of a single game each team will frequently use from two to five pitchers. In the 2005 ALCS , all four of the Chicago White Sox victories were complete games by the starters, a highly noteworthy event in the modern game.", "The game is played in nine innings (although it can be played with fewer, such as it is in little league games) in which each team gets one turn to bat and try to score runs while the other pitches and defends in the field. An inning is broken up into two halves in which the away team bats in the top (first) half, and the home team bats in the bottom (second) half. In baseball, the defense always has the ball — a fact that differentiates it from most other team sports. The teams switch every time the defending team gets three players of the batting team out . The winner is the team with the most runs after nine innings. If the home team is ahead after the top of the ninth, play does not continue into the bottom half. In the case of a tie, additional innings are played until one team comes out ahead at the end of an inning. If the home team takes the lead anytime during the bottom of the ninth or of any inning thereafter, play stops and the home team is declared the winner.", "An inning comes to an end when the fielding team have got three hitters (or runners) out. The two teams swap over and the fielding team take their turn to bat, and the hitting team take their turn to field.", "A baseball/softball game is played by two teams who alternate between offense and defense. There are nine players on each side. The goal is to score more runs than the opponent, which is achieved by one circuit of four bases that are placed on the diamond.", "The three players in the middle of the field: pitcher, shortstop, second baseman -“Always Move Towards the Ball\".  (This will be covered in detail later in this section.)", "While one team is in the field, the other team takes its turn at bat, one player at a time, according to a specific order. Batting rules vary slightly in the two major leagues of the United States. In the National League, the pitcher is also a batter. In the American League, a player called the designated hitter bats in place of the pitcher. Designated hitters do not play on the field.", "Effective pitching is vitally important to a baseball team, as pitching is the key for the defensive team to retire batters and to preventing runners from getting on base. A full game usually involves over one hundred pitches thrown by each team. However, most pitchers begin to tire before they reach this point. In previous eras, pitchers would often throw up to four complete games (all nine innings) in a week. With new advances in medical research and thus a better understanding of how the human body functions and tires out, starting pitchers tend more often to throw fractions of a game (typically six or seven innings, depending on their performance) about every five days (though a few complete games do still occur each year).", "The game is played in a series of innings, usually seven. Youth leagues sometimes have 6 innings. An inning is one series of both teams playing offense and defense. Each inning is divided into a top half and a bottom half indicating which team is playing which role. The offense bats and attempts to score runs, while the defense occupies the field and attempts to record outs in a variety of ways. After the defense records 3 outs, the half inning is over and the teams switch roles.", "f) How many pitchers can you use? On September 28, 1986, the San Francisco Giants and Los Angeles Dodgers were involved in an extra-inning contest. In the 13th inning, Giants manager Roger Craig sent pitcher Randy Bockus to pinch hit for an injured Robby Thompson. Bockus stayed in the game, playing the outfield, until the 14th inning when he was replaced by a pinch-hitter—pitcher Mike Krukow. As the game was not over, Craig then sent a third pitcher—Jeff Robinson—to play the outfield in the 15th. The game ended in 16 innings, before Craig had a chance to expend more of his moundsmen. It is not clear why Bockus was good enough to pinch hit in the 13th, but not to take his turn at bat in the 14th. Likely, Craig was playing things by ear by that point of the game.", "Baseball is a team sport , a bat-and-ball game, in which a hard, fist-sized ball is thrown by a defensive player called a pitcher from a pitcher's mound 60 1/2 feet away, to an offensive player called a batter , who stands at a plate called home and attempts to hit it with a tapered, cylindrical, smooth stick called a bat . The ball itself is also called a baseball .", "1 - Pitcher; 2 - Catcher; 3 - 1st Base; 4 - 2nd Base; 5 - 3rd Base; 6 - Shortstop; 7 - Left Field; 8 - Center Field; 9 - Right Field", "In the United States I'm from Mexico , professional Major League Baseball teams are divided into the American League (AL) and the National League (NL). Each league has three divisions: East, West, and Central. Four teams make the playoffs in each league: the three division leaders, plus one \"wild card\" team with the best record among the remaining teams in the league. In the American League, there is a designated hitter who bats for the pitcher , which enables the pitcher to focus on pitching. In the National League, the pitcher is required to bat. If an American League team is playing a National League team at the National League team's field, than both pitchers must bat. If the game takes place at the American League team's field, than both teams may use a designated hitter.", "A match consists of 2 innings. An inning consists of chasing and running turns of 9 minutes each. Each side alternates between chasing and defense.", "The goal of the team at bat is to score more runs than the opposition; a player may do so only by batting, then becoming a base runner , touching all the bases in order (via one or more plays), and finally touching home plate. To that end, the goal of each batter is to enable baserunners to score or to become a baserunner himself. The batter attempts to hit the ball into fair territory — between the baselines — in such a way that the defending players cannot get them or the baserunners out. In general, the pitcher attempts to prevent this by pitching the ball in such a way that the batter cannot hit it cleanly or, ideally, at all.", "b) The Pitcher in the Outfield Strategy. In contrast to the first circumstance, these cases are the result of a deliberate strategy. In order to gain a platoon advantage, a manager will remove his pitcher to bring a reliever throwing with the other hand. So far, nothing unusual. But if the manager thinks that he will want to use the removed pitcher at a later point of the game, he can do so by inserting him in a fielding position, for example, left field. When the second pitcher has faced the batter or batters against whom he had the platoon advantage, the manager brings back the first pitcher from left field and has him return to the mound. It sounds simple enough, but in effect, it is an enormously complicated strategy to execute, with little upside and a lot of potential downside. First there must be a string of batters who bat from different sides—no switch-hitters—and who are unlikely to be pinch hit for. Second, the first pitcher must be able to field a", "Pitcher - Stands on the pitcher's mound and throws the ball to the catcher in attempt to make the batter either swing and miss or else put the ball in play so that it can be caught by a defensive player (in which case the batter is \"out\")", "objective: each player is positioned beyond a base directly in line with the path of the throw.", "Pitchers in the Field: The Use of Pitchers at Other Positions in the Major Leagues, 1969–2009", "    Pitcher - The player whose position is at the center of the infield diamond on top of the pitcher’s mound. The pitcher instigates the action by pitching the ball towards the batter standing at home plate." ]

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[ "In golf, a green jacket is awarded to the winner of which tournament? A. US Masters", "The Masters Golf Tournament is the only one of the four men's major golf tournaments that is held at the same golf club every year, the Augusta National Golf Club. The Masters and Augusta National Golf Club were founded by famed golfer, Bobby Jones in 1934. It is an invitational tournament, with each winner receiving a lifetime invitation to play. One of the most enduring symbols of The Masters Golf Tournament is the green jacket given to the winner each year. The jacket is a sign of prestige in the club and the previous year's winner presents the jacket to each year's champion. After the year is over, the jacket must be returned to Augusta National Golf Club. Though the time period is short, having the green jacket for one year is a dream of every golfer. The Masters is the first of the major golf tournaments played each year in April.", "Masters Golf Tournament is golf’s most unique major championship and is possibly most famous for its ceremony of the tournament winner. Each year the victor is awarded a Green Jacket, usually presented by the previous year’s winner.", "Visucci made the offer after noticing my green sport coat, a nearly flawless replica of the jacket issued to all 300 or so members of Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, GA, people like Warren Buffett, Bill Gates, Jack Welch, and, as of eight months ago, Condoleezza Rice. The only other way to get the jacket I had on is to win the Masters Tournament, which kicks off today and is one of the four major annual professional golf tournaments. Each winner since Sam Snead in 1949 has received a jacket, presented by the winner of the previous year's tournament at the awards ceremony outside near the 18th green.", "It caught on and soon, the Green Jacket became the symbol of membership in the ultra-exclusive Augusta National Golf Club. Then, in 1949 began the tradition of slipping a jacket onto the winner of The Masters, symbolizing that golfer's entry into the exclusive club of Masters Champions.", "The attire worn by professional golfers is famously predictable: polo shirt, lightweight pleated pants (golf skirts, walking shorts, slacks or culottes for the ladies) and a visor or hat (props to Chi Chi Rodriguez for livening things up in the headwear department). But if you just happen to be the winner of the Masters, you get the honor of topping off the standard ensemble with a shamrock green blazer. Yay! Professional golf’s version of a beauty queen crowning ceremony, the presenting of the Green Jacket by the previous year’s champion to the current champion at the conclusion of the tournament dates back to 1949, when Sam Snead won the Masters. However, the signature jackets started appearing at Augusta National 12 years prior. The Masters website has more on the sartorial backstory :", "And winners of the Masters Tournament began, themselves, receiving green jackets at the 1949 Masters . The winners all become members of the Champions Club at Augusta. From 1937 through 1948, only Augusta National members wore the green jackets; from 1949 onward, the tournament winner also got one.", "Charl Schwartzel received his green jacket from former champion Phil Mickelson after winning the 2011 Masters golf tournament. Credit Shaun Best/Reuters", "The Green Jacket presented to the winner of the first-ever Masters Tournament in 1934 has been located and is up for bid, appropriately enough, at Green Jacket Auctions . Bidding began on Wednesday for the Jacket, presented to Horton Smith 15 years after he was victorious at Augusta. As of Sunday night, it had already surpassed $60,000", "In addition to a cash prize, the winner of the tournament is presented with a distinctive green jacket, awarded since 1949. The green sport coat is the official attire worn by members of Augusta National while on the club grounds; each Masters winner becomes an honorary member of the club. Winners keep their jacket for the first year after their first victory, then return it to the club to wear whenever they visit. The tradition began in 1949, when Sam Snead won his first of three Masters titles. The green jacket is only allowed to be removed from Augusta National by the reigning champion, after which it must remain at the club. Exceptions to this rule however are Gary Player , who in his joy of winning mistakenly took his jacket home to South Africa after his 1961 victory, (although he always followed the spirit of the rule, and he has never worn the jacket) and Seve Ballesteros who, in a recent interview with Peter Alliss from his home in Pedrena, showed off one of his 2 green jackets in his trophy room. [7]", "The Green Jacket given to the champion at Augusta National Golf Club each April is arguably the most famous garment in sports, 2 ½ yards of wool tailored into a reward for years of practice and 72 holes (or more) of excellence.", "Augusta has become synonymous with the green jacket ever since it was first awarded to the winner in 1949. The jacket is awarded to members of the Augusta National Golf Club and the winner of the Masters becomes an honorary member of the club. Famed for its treacherous greens and water features, the green jacket ceremony is the pinnacle of the sport for the golfer and they are handed the garment by the previous year's winner. Only players like Tiger Woods and Jack Nicklaus, who have won the tournament in consecutive years, are given the jacket by the Chairman of the Augusta National. Tiger Woods was the last golfer to claim back-to-back wins (2001-2002) and there have been seven different winners in the last eight years.", "In addition to a cash award, the winner of the tournament is presented with a distinctive green jacket, awarded since 1949, and highly coveted among professional golfers. The green coat is actually the official coat worn by members of Augusta National while on the club grounds; each Masters winner becomes an honorary member of the club. Winners keep their jacket for the first year after their first victory, then return it to the club to wear during tournament week each following year. The tradition that began in 1949, when Sam Snead was the winner. The Green Jacket is only allowed to be removed from Augusta National by the reigning champion, after which it must remain at the club. The only exception to this rule is Gary Player, who failed to return his jacket after his 1961 victory, despite the club’s insistence that he do so.", "For over 60 years the world’s best golfers have gathered at Augusta to lay claim to the most coveted prize in all of golf; the famous Green Jacket. By doing so, one-by-one, the sport’s greatest legends stamp their names into the annuls of golf history to be forever immortalized as Masters Champions.", "-Phil Mickelson captured his second straight major golf tournament on Sunday at Augusta National, winning the Masters by closing with a 3-under 69 for a two-shot victory over Tim Clark, and his second green jacket in three years.", "Phil Mickelson is the winner of the 2010 Masters Golf Tournament. Mickelson took home his 3rd green jacket on Sunday at Augusta National. He went into Sunday 1 back of Lee Westwood after a tremendous surge of consecutive eagles and a birdie on the back 9 on Saturday.", "The current Masters champion is the only owner of a green jacket permitted to remove it from the grounds of Augusta National, and only for a period of one year. Before this time limit was in place, the jacket of a few long-past Masters champions had been sold, after their deaths, to collectors. Consequently, the members of Augusta National have gone to great lengths to secure the remaining examples. Now, two jackets remain outside the grounds of Augusta National with the club's permission. When Gary Player first won the Masters in 1961, he brought his jacket home to South Africa. For years the board insisted that Player return the jacket but Player kept \"forgetting\" or coming up with humorous creative excuses why he did not return the jacket. After becoming something of a running joke, Augusta National's members allowed him to keep it, where it is on display in his personal museum. The second jacket belongs to 1938 champion Henry Picard. Before the traditions surrounding one of golf's greatest awards were well established, the jacket was removed by Picard from Augusta National. It is now currently on display in the \"Picard Lounge\" at Canterbury Golf Club in Beachwood, Ohio. Along with Snead, the nine previous winners were also awarded green jackets in 1949, and these became known as the \"original ten\" jackets.", "By tradition, the winner of the previous year's Masters Tournament puts the jacket on the current winner at the end of the tournament. In 1966, Jack Nicklaus became the first player to win in consecutive years and he donned the jacket himself. When Nick Faldo (in 1990) and Tiger Woods (in 2002) repeated as champions, the chairman of Augusta National put the jacket on them.", "Gary Players returns to the Masters every year, but his original green jacket stays home in South Africa.Matt Slocum", "Until the following year’s Masters, the defending champ can don the green jacket any time he leaves the house for an event or, in Phil Mickelson’s case, a Krispy Kreme run. After that year is over, he has to return the jacket to the club. It will be waiting for him each year when he returns for the Wednesday night Champions Dinner.", "For many golf fans he is best known for the bunker shot at the 18th hole in the final round of the Masters in 1988 when he became the first Briton to wear the green jacket. He also won two other events on the PGA Tour that season, along with the World Match Play Championship, after being a losing finalist on several occasions.", "Sandy Lyle receiving the green jacket from the previous year’s champion, Larry Mize, at the 1988 Masters at Augusta. Photograph: Augusta National/Augusta National/Getty Images", "Every member of Augusta National receives a green sports coat with the club's logo on the left breast. The idea of the green jacket originated with club co-founder Clifford Roberts. Many believe it is because he wanted patrons visiting during the tournament to be able to readily identify members. Since Sam Snead's victory in 1949 the winner of each year's Masters Tournament has received a green jacket, although he does not receive membership. The jacket is presented to the new winner by the winner of the previous tournament. If the previous champion is either unavailable or has won consecutive tournaments, then the current chairman acts as the presenter. Until 1967, the jackets were manufactured by Brooks Brothers and since have been made by Hamilton of Cincinnati, Ohio, with the imported wool produced at the Victor Forstmann plant in Dublin, Georgia. ", "Reportedly members are not allowed to wear these jackets off the club premises, although the reigning champion is allowed to wear his around during the year after his win. eBay is a great source for Augusta National memorabilia, and it's where I find my imitation garment. Since I bear a slight resemblance to last year's winner, Bubba Watson, I decided to wear my green jacket out and about New York City in the week before the Masters.", "The tournament has a number of traditions. Since 1949, a green jacket has been awarded to the champion...", "As iconic as sportswear gets, the Masters’ Green Jacket is legendary. But what’s its history and how should you wear it?", "Ms. BRENNAN: You know something, he did. Last year, he met with Jack Nicklaus, who has won a few of these green jackets.", "It was way back in 1949, that the first Green Jacket was awarded. That year the Masters champion was Sam Snead.", "“There’s a reason why we named our company Green Jacket Auction,” Carey said. “It’s not only the pinnacle of golf. I consider it the most iconic piece of golf memorabilia, or in all of sports. To me, the green jacket was always the symbol of the very best in sports. I think it’s the fact that it’s something different; it’s a jacket and not another sterling silver trophy. My grandmother knows what the green jacket is.”", "The official colour of the Augusta National Green Jacket is ‘Masters Green‘. The jackets are single breasted with a single vent. The breast pocket and the buttons sport the club logo.", "^ a b Kindred, Dave (August 2013). \"The case of the missing green jacket\". Golf Digest. Retrieved April 17, 2014.", "By 1972, Nicklaus realized he needed to stop borrowing Dewey’s jacket. Rather than raise a fuss, he asked Hart, Schaffner, & Marx, with whom he had a clothing deal, to create a green jacket for him. It wasn’t quite the perfect copy. “It wasn’t even the same material or the right color,” Nicklaus remembered in 1999. After a couple of years in this fake jacket, he reverted to quietly borrowing green jackets from members. " ]

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[ "Carl Lewis capped his remarkable Olympics career by winning gold in the long jump at Atlanta in 1996.", "On this day in 1996, track and field legend Carl Lewis wins his fourth consecutive Olympic gold medal in the long jump. It was the ninth and final Olympic gold of his storied career.", "Carl Lewis earned his seventh and eighth career gold medals with a third consecutive Olympic win in the long jump, and an anchor-leg performance on the American 4x100-meter relay team that helped establish a world record.", "Carl Lewis, considered by many to be the greatest track & field athlete of all time, won, nine Olympic gold medals, 10 Olympic medals, and eight gold medals at the World Championships. His four victories in 1984 matched the record set by Jesse Owens at the 1936 Olympic Games. Carl Lewis ended his Olympic career by winning the long jump Olympic event four times consecutively.", "Pictured: Carl Lewis of Team USA flies through the air on his way to a gold medal in the long jump competition at the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona.", "Carl Lewis is considered by many to be the greatest track & field athlete of all time and, with nine Olympic gold medals, 10 Olympic medals, and eight gold medals at the World Championships, it is a justifiable claim. His Olympic gold medals came in 1984 (100 metres, 200 metres, 4×100 metres relay, long jump), 1988 (100 metres, long jump), 1992 (4×100 metres relay, long jump), and 1996 (long jump). His four victories in 1984 matched the record set by [Jesse Owens] at the 1936 Olympic Games. In 1996 at Atlanta, Lewis ended his Olympic career by equalling [Al Oerter]'s record of winning the same Olympic event four times consecutively, with Lewis's feat occurring in the long jump.", "Carl Lewis would have one more shot at the Olympics. By 1995 he was being beaten regularly by younger athletes, but after participating in the 1996 Olympic trials Lewis won an opportunity to compete in the long jump at the games in Atlanta, Georgia. He easily won his fourth straight gold in the event, winning the same event in four consecutive Olympic Games.", "American Raymond Ewry is the Carl Lewis of the Alternative History Olympics, winning ten track and field gold medals from 1900 to 1908 (including two in the now-forgotten 1906 Athens Olympics) in no-longer-existent events: Standing High Jump, Standing Long Jump, and Standing Triple Jump.", "Carl Lewis pulled out one last bit of magic to win the long jump for the ninth gold medal of his amazing Olympic career. Donovan Bailey set a world record in the 100 and led Canada to a win over a faltering U.S. team in the 4x100 relay.", "He's one of the most famous Olympic track and field athletes ever, having set the records for the 100-meter and 200-meter sprinting events and the long jump. In total, Carl Lewis won nine gold medals between 1984 and 1996.", "1 CARL LEWIS - Greatest Olympian of all time by whatever yardstick you apply. Brought speed, grace and technique to athletics for a decade and his eight gold medals, earned against the toughest of opposition, speak for themselves. At his first Olympics in Los Angeles in 1984 he won four golds at 100 metres, 200m, long jump and sprint relay. Won the 100m and long jump in 1988 and in 1992, after suffering a viral infection at the US trials, added another long jump and relay gold. Simply the best.", "Carl Lewis won four consecutive Olympic long jump gold medals, part of an overall tally of nine golds, between 1984 and 1996 (AFP Photo/Fabrice Coffrini)", "American sprinter/jumper Carl Lewis retires as one of the most decorated Olympians, winning medals in the sprints, relay, & 3 times in the long jump;", "Lewis won four gold medals in 1984 (the 100m, 200m, 4 x 100m relay and long jump, thereby replicating the feat of Jesse Owens in 1936), two in 1988 (the 100m and long jump), two in 1992 (the 4 x 100m relay and long jump) and one in 1996 (the long jump). He finished second in the 1988 100m final, but was subsequently promoted to first when Ben Johnson was infamously disqualified after failing a dope test.", "* At the age of 35, Carl Lewis takes his 4th long jump gold medal. Lewis, Paavo Nurmi, and Mark Spitz are now tied for second-most Olympic gold medals (9), only Michael Phelps (14) has more.", "On the track, this was Carl Lewis's game, he equalled the record of the great Jesse Owens by winning gold medals in the same 4 events, 100m, 200m, Long Jump and the sprint relay.  The great Ed Moses won the 400m hurdles.", "By 1981 Carl Lewis was ranked number one in the world in the 100 meters as well as the long jump. Two years later, he won the 100 meter, 200 meter and long jump at the U.S. national championships, the first person to achieve this triple since Malcolm Ford in 1886.", "Paarvo Nurmi of Finland and American Carl Lewis have each won nine athletics gold medals. Nurmi won his Olympics titles in six different events from Antwerp 1920 through to Amsterdam 1928. Two of his gold medals at Paris 1924, in the 1500 metres and 5000 metres, were won less than two hours apart. Nurmi also won three silver medals. Lewis won his Olympic titles in four different events from Los Angeles 1984 through to Atlanta 1996, including four consecutive long jump gold medals. The only other athlete to win the same event four times in succession was American Al Oerter in the discus from Melbourne 1956 through to Mexico City 1968. Ray Ewry also of the United States won eight gold medals in the standing jumping events from Paris 1900 through to London 1908.", "Mike Powell , United States, 8.95 meters (29 feet, 4½ inches). Carl Lewis entered the 1991 world championships in Tokyo with a 10-year, 65-meet winning streak in the long jump, but fellow American Mike Powell ended the streak with a record-setting effort of 8.95 meters (29 feet, 4½ inches), besting Bob Beamon's 23-year-old mark. Lewis led the Tokyo event, held on Aug. 3, when he leaped a wind-aided personal best 8.91 meters (29-2¾) on his fourth jump. Powell then surpassed his rival on his fifth jump.", "12. Which of the following events did Carl Lewis not win a gold medal for at the 1984 Olympics? Long Jump, 400m or 100m relay?", "Lewis only just scraped into the US Olympic long jump team for the 1996 Atlanta Games. He then needed all three jumps to qualify for the final. However in the final, he majestically moved into first place with his third jump and stayed there.", "Carl Lewis burst onto the international scene in the early 80s as amateurism ended. The American won nine Olympic gold medals and one silver over the span of three Olympics. He won 10 world championship medals. He was the first since Jesse Owens to win quadruple gold in a single Games. Lewis went undefeated in 65 consecutive long jumps and it took someone else setting a new world record to end his streak. Track and Field News named him “Athlete of the Year” three times in a row. Sports Illustrated and the IOC followed suit with “Olympian of the Century” and “Sportsman of the Century,” respectively.", "Jesse Owens set a long jump world record that was not broken for 25 years and 2 months, until 1960 by Ralph Boston. At the 1968 Summer Olympics Bob Beamon jumped at an altitude of 7349 ft, a jump not exceeded for 23 years, and which remains the second longest legal jump of all time. On 30 August 1991 Mike Powell of the United States set the current men's world record at the World Championships in Tokyo. It was in a well-known show down against Carl Lewis, who also beat Beamon's record that day but with an aiding wind (thus not legal for record purposes). Powell's record has now stood for more than 24 years.", "1984/--/-- 8 - American track athlete Carl Lewis wins four gold medals at the Los Angeles Olympics.", "1984/--/-- 9 - American track athlete Carl Lewis wins four gold medals at the Los Angeles Olympics.", "1984/--/-- 36 - American track athlete Carl Lewis wins four gold medals at the Los Angeles Olympics.", "1984/--/-- 26 - American track athlete Carl Lewis wins four gold medals at the Los Angeles Olympics.", "Some critics had agreed with Lewis that the jump may have been a fluke--until Powell jumped 28 feet 73/4 inches and 29 feet 2+ inches in Modesto, California, in May of 1992. After he hurt his back and hamstring muscle, he had to stop jumping for a month and was unable to train until five days before the trials for the 1992 U.S. Olympic team. Nevertheless, he beat Lewis and won the trials with a jump of 28 feet 33/4 inches. Lewis, however, got his revenge in Barcelona, leaving Powell with his second silver medal in two consecutive Olympics when he beat him by 1, inches.", "In a dramatic jump-off against the Netherlands (the horse equivalent of a penalty shoot-out), Great Britain's show jumpers won their first Olympic gold medal in 60 years. The two countries were tied on points after the team competition and it came down to 52-year-old Peter Charles to get the gold by clearing all the jumps in the course.", "* Lutz Dombrowski (GDR) won the long jump gold. His was the longest jump recorded at sea level and he became only the second human to jump further than 28 ft.", "Is it Lewis, who had the greatest series of jumps in history, and the longest stretch of dominance, with four Olympic gold medals?", "* Ottey is also one of only two athletes to win twenty medals at the Olympic Games and the World Championships (combined) the other is Carl Lewis." ]

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[ "The wide receiver (WR) is a position in American and Canadian football that functions as the pass-catching specialist. Wide receivers (also referred to as wideouts or simply receivers) are among the fastest and most agile players in the game, and they are frequent highlight-reel favorites. Examples of wide receivers include Don Hutson, Jerry Rice, Steve Largent, Steve Smith Sr., Randy Moss, Larry Fitzgerald, Calvin Johnson, and Tommy McDonald.", "# WR — Wide receiver. Canadian football typically does not use tight ends, and so wide receivers are almost always split ends.", "# WR -- Wide receiver—Optional, but universally used in most starting lineups, except for at the lowest youth levels (where the forward pass is an unlearned skill). A wide receiver can be a flanker (outside the tight end) or slotback (inside a split end) lined up behind the line of scrimmage, or a split end on the end of the line. A standard lineup has two wide receivers, one flanker and one split end.", "Positions are initially set for all players in advance of the season based on training camp rosters and official positions as designated by each individual NFL team. If a player is listed on NFL.com as a Quarterback, he is eligible to be started on your fantasy team as a quarterback. The same is true for all other positions on your fantasy roster with the only exception being the Flex positions (dependent on league settings). In the Flex positions, you may start a player that is either a wide receiver or a running back (WR/RB) or a wide receiver or tight end (WR/TE). You may not start a player at a position for which he is not eligible (i.e. you may not start a quarterback as a wide receiver).", "28.  Philadelphia Eagles: Percy Harvin, WR/RB, Florida:Harvin displayed why he was one of the best all-around college football players, however, injuries has always nagged his progress. The Eagles, need more play-makers, and Harvin can definitely make plays from all positions on the football field. Also, it will alleviate the workload on Brian Westbrook who has always suffered an assortment of injuries during the season.", "7.  Oakland Raiders: Jeremy Maclin, WR, Missouri: In any other year, Maclin would be the first receiver off the board. But with Michael Crabtree in the draft, Maclin will have to settle for second place. He has great breakaway speed, solid hands, and good route running. The Raiders need playmakers at the receiver position. Furthermore, this will develop JaMarcus Russell’s passing skills, to finally have someone who can catch the football.", "There are 2 wide receiver players stationed 7 yards away from the centre player on both strong and weak sides, who will receive the ball and are fastest in passing the ball. A halfback player placed behind the wide receiver players runs, blocks, receives, and passes the ball. An important player who is extremely powerful runner, excellent blocker and good passer is positioned in the fullback on the strong side.", "The wide receiver takes a handoff directly from the quarterback. The receiver then may proceed to do one of two things: he either runs the ball towards the line of scrimmage in order to gain yardage, or more rarely, he attempts to pass to another eligible pass receiver.", "The hook and lateral or hook and ladder is a trick play in American or Canadian football. It starts with the hook, which is where a wide receiver runs a predetermined distance, usually 10 yards down the field, and along the sideline, and \"hooks in\" towards the center of the field to receive a forward pass from the quarterback. Another offensive player (usually another wide receiver) times a run so that he is at full speed, just behind the player with the ball at the time of the catch. As the defenders close in on the stationary ball carrier, he laterals or hands the ball to the teammate running at full speed in the opposite direction of the original receiver. ", "football: Univ of Tampa; NFL: Miami Dolphins, San Francisco 49ers wide receiver: Super Bowl XVI, XIX", "A wide receiver has two potential roles during running plays. Particularly in the case of draw plays and other trick plays, he may run a pass route with the intent of drawing off defenders. Alternatively, he may block normally for the running back. Well-rounded receivers are noted for blocking defensive backs in support of teammates in addition to their pass-catching abilities.", "Delhomme became the team's starting quarterback for the rest of the season, throwing for 3,219 yards and 19 touchdowns, with 16 interceptions. The team's main receiving threat was multi-talented third-year wide receiver Steve Smith, who also specialized as a kickoff and punt returner. Smith caught 88 passes for 1,110 yards and 7 touchdowns, rushed for 42 yards, gained 439 yards and another touchdown returning punts, and recorded 309 kickoff return yards. Wide receiver Muhsin Muhammad was also a constant breakaway threat, recording 54 receptions for 837 yards and 3 touchdowns.", "Typically two players primarily cover the wide receivers. Cornerbacks attempt to prevent successful quarterback passes by either swatting the airborne ball away from the receiver or by catching the pass themselves. In rushing situations, their job is to contain the runner, either by directing him back to the middle of the field to be tackled, by tackling him themselves, or by forcing him out of bounds.", "* Jordan Norwood – NFL wide receiver for the Denver Broncos, broke the super bowl record for longest punt return in 2016", "7, 2, 3 rules regarding notifying the referee of eligibility if wearing and ineligible number for a position. Basically, any player wearing an eligible number at a pass receiving position (running backs, tight ends, and wide receivers) can play any eligible pass receiving position without reporting to the referee. That is, running backs can line up as wide receivers or tight ends, and players wearing wide receiver and/or tight end numbers can line up in the backfield without having to report to the referee.", "Offensive tackle—the offensive tackles play on either side of the guards. Their role is primarily to block on both running and passing plays. The area from one tackle to the other is an area of \"close line play\" in which some blocks from behind, which are prohibited elsewhere on the field, are allowed. For a right-handed quarterback, the left tackle is charged with protecting the blindside, and is often faster than the other offensive linemen to stop 'speed rushers' at the Defensive End position. Like a guard, the tackle may have to \"pull\", on a running play, when there is a tight end on his side.", "A flag or corner route is a deep play where wide receivers run straight down the field a long distance (102–150 feet), and then angle out towards the end zone and sideline. It takes its name from the flags that marked the ends of the goal and end lines before the introduction of flexible pylons.", "Cornerback (CB)—typically two players that primarily cover the wide receivers. Cornerbacks attempt to prevent successful quarterback passes by either swatting the airborne ball away from the receiver or by catching the pass themselves . In rushing situations, their job is to contain the rusher.", "; Defensive halfback: Covers the slotback and helps contain the run from going to the outside.", "The middle or inside linebacker (MLB or ILB), sometimes called \"Mike\" or \"Mohr\", is often referred to as the \"quarterback of the defense.\" Often it is the middle linebacker who receives the defensive play calls from the sideline and relays that play to the rest of the team–and in the NFL he is usually the defensive player with the electronic sideline communicator. A jack-of-all-trades, the middle linebacker can be asked to blitz (though they often blitz less than the outside linebacker), cover, spy the quarterback, or even have a deep middle-of-the-field responsibility in the Tampa 2 defense. In standard defenses, middle linebackers commonly lead the team in tackles. The terms middle and inside linebacker are often used interchangeably; they are also used to distinguish between a single middle linebacker playing in a 4–3 defense, and two inside linebackers playing in a 3-4 defense. In a 3–4 defense that has these two inside linebackers, the larger, more run-stopping-oriented linebacker is usually still called \"Mike\", while the smaller, more pass protection/route coverage-oriented player is called \"Will\". \"Mikes\" usually line up towards the strong side or on the side the offense is more likely to run on (based on personnel matchups) while Wills may line up on the other side or even a little farther back between the defensive line and the secondary.", "That kind of acceleration is generally found in shorter players,  with a few exceptions that prove the rule , because long legs spend more time in the air and aren't as suited to changing direction. However, when the ball arrives, that smaller cornerback has to be able to compete in the air with the receiver, who might be 6'5 like Mike Evans. That means longer arms, great anticipation, and a short memory are all prized traits. For press coverage, long arms are also a must to jam and re-route receivers.", "Quarterback—typically the quarterback is positioned to take a snap handed between the center's legs. However, recent usage refers imprecisely to a player who is positioned behind the center at any distance, calls signals, is not the usual punter or place kick holder, and usually takes the snap as \"quarterback\" regardless of exact position, because those functions have typically been performed by quarterbacks. Typical play from formations where the quarterback takes the snap proceeds by the quarterback either handing the ball off to a running back to run, throwing the ball downfield, or running personally.", "The defensive backfield, often called the secondary, consists of cornerbacks (CB) and safeties (S). Safeties are themselves divided into free safeties (FS) and strong safeties (SS). Cornerbacks line up outside the defensive formation, typically opposite of a receiver so as to be able to cover him, while safeties line up between the cornerbacks but farther back in the secondary. Safeties are the last line of defense, and are responsible for stopping deep passing plays as well as running plays.", "Harrison became the veteran leader in the secondary, recording 92 tackles, 3 interceptions, and 3 sacks. Meanwhile, Pro Bowl cornerback Ty Law recorded 6 interceptions, cornerback (and ex-Panthers player) Tyrone Poole had 6 interceptions for 112 return yards and 1 touchdown, and rookie safety Eugene Wilson recorded 4 interceptions. Overall, the secondary combined for 19 interceptions.", "An out route will usually feature the receiver running 7 to 10 yards downfield and then making a 90 degree turn towards the sideline.", "The six backs and receivers are those that line up outside or behind the offensive line. There are four main positions in this set of players:", "* Slot back: A receiver lining up in the offensive back field. Canadian and arena football allow them to take a running start at the line. They are usually larger players as they need to make catches over the middle. In American football slot backs are typically used in flexbone or other triple option offenses while Canadian football uses them in almost all formations.", "The In or Drag route is the opposite of the Out route. As its name suggests, the route will usually feature the receiver running 7 to 10 yards downfield and then making a 90 degree turn towards the center of the field.", "* Slot receiver (Y or SL): A less-formal name given to receivers in addition to split ends and flankers (for example, tight ends who line up wide). These receivers line up between the split end/flanker and the linemen. If aligned with a flanker, the slot receiver is usually on the line of scrimmage, and if with a split end, off the line of scrimmage. As with the flanker position, a featured receiver often takes a slot position with a split end to avoid jamming.", "42. Tailback versus Traffic Jam. These are correct, although someone said that a \"tailback\" is a position on an American football team. In case anyone cares, this position is almost always referred to as a \"halfback.\"", "College football is American football played by teams of student athletes fielded by American universities, colleges, and military academies, or Canadian football played by teams of student athletes fielded by Canadian universities. It was through college football play that American football rules first gained popularity in the United States. No minor league farm organizations exist in American football. Therefore, college football is generally considered to be the second tier of American football in the United States; one step ahead of high school competition, and one step below professional competition. It is in college football where a player's performance directly impacts his chances of playing professional football. The best collegiate players will typically declare for the professional draft after 3–4 years of collegiate competition; with the NFL holding its annual draft every spring. 255 players are selected annually. Those not selected can still attempt to land an NFL roster spot as an undrafted free agent.", "This is a vector because it represents a magnitude (10 mph) and a direction (towards the end zone). This vector represents the velocity of the football player." ]

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[ "The Vince Lombardi Trophy is the trophy awarded each year to the winning team of the National Football League's championship game, the Super Bowl. The trophy is named in honor of NFL coach Vince Lombardi.", "The Vince Lombardi Trophy is the trophy awarded each year to the winning team of the National Football League’s championship game, the Super Bowl. The trophy is named in honor of legendary NFL coach Vince Lombardi. Initially inscribed with the words “World Professional Football Championship” and generally referred to as the world championship trophy, it was officially renamed in 1970 in memory of legendary Green Bay Packers head coach Vince Lombardi after his sudden death from cancer and to commemorate his victories in the first two Super Bowls. In 1971, it was presented for the first time as the Vince Lombardi Trophy in Super Bowl V when the Baltimore Colts defeated the Dallas Cowboys 16-13. It has also been referred to as the “Tiffany Trophy” after the Tiffany & Co.", "The trophy awarded to the winning team of the National Football League's annual championship game, the Super Bowl, is called the Vince Lombardi Trophy.", "Named after legendary Green Bay Packers coach Vince Lombardi, this award is given to the winner of the Super Bowl, the champion of the National Football League.", "The Winner of each Super Bowl receives the Vince Lombardi Trophy, named after Vince Lombardi, the great coach for the Green Bay Packers who led his team to victory in each of the first two Super Bowls. Following his death, the trophy was named prior to Super Bowl V in his honor.", "The winning team receives the Vince Lombardi Trophy , named after the coach of the Green Bay Packers , who won the first two Super Bowl games and three of the five preceding NFL championships in 1961, 1962, and 1965. Following Lombardi's death in September 1970, the trophy was named the Vince Lombardi Trophy, and was the first awarded as such to the Baltimore Colts following their win in Super Bowl V in Miami.", "When they name the trophy for the sport's highest honor after you, it's a pretty good sign that you're a legend. Such is the case with Vince Lombardi, the namesake of the Lombardi Trophy given to the Super Bowl champion every year and undoubtedly one of the greatest coaches in NFL history.", "Awarded to the Super Bowl winner every year in NFL. It was first introduce in 1967, designed by Tiffany & Co jewlers in New Yersey. Named after famous NFL coach Vice Lombardi who helped Green Bay Packers to win first two titles in 1967 and 1968.", "In professional football, the Vince Lombardi Super Bowl Trophy marks the pinnacle of gridiron glory. Tiffany has produced the coveted trophy since the first Super Bowl in 1967. In 1970 the trophy was renamed for Vince Lombardi, the late Green Bay Packers coach who led the Packers to victories in the first two Super Bowls. The design features a regulation-size football in kicking position.", "Unlike trophies such as the Stanley Cup and the Grey Cup, a new Vince Lombardi Trophy is made every year and the winning team maintains permanent possession of that trophy, with one notable exception being Super Bowl V's, won by the then-Baltimore Colts. The city of Baltimore retained that trophy as part of the legal settlement between the team and the city after the Colts' infamous \"Midnight Mayflower\" move to Indianapolis, Indiana on March 29, 1984. Since then, both the relocated Colts and their replacement in Baltimore, the Ravens, have won the Super Bowl and earned trophies in their own right.", "The Vince Lombardi Trophy stands 22 inches (56 cm) tall, weighs 7 pounds (3.2 kg) and depicts a football in a kicking position on a three concave sided stand, and is entirely made of sterling silver.The words “Vince Lombardi Trophy” along with the roman numerals of that year’s Super Bowl are engraved on and the NFL shield is affixed onto the base. After the trophy is awarded, it is sent back to Tiffany’s to be engraved with the names of the participating teams, the date, location, and the game’s final score. It is then sent back to the winning team for them to keep. Smaller replicas are made for each person on the winning team. For the first four championship games, both the NFL and the AFL logos were in the center of the trophy. Starting from Super Bowl V through XLII, the old NFL shield has been on the forefront. As of Super Bowl XLIII, a newer, modernized NFL shield (with eight stars and a rotated football designed akin to that atop the trophy) replaced the older logo. Otherwise, the trophy has had no significant changes made since the first Super Bowl. The Green Bay Packers are the only team with all 3 versions having won Super Bowls I, II, XXXI, and XLV", "Again, Tiffany & Co. A new Vince Lombardi Trophy is made every year and the winning team maintains permanent possession of that trophy. It is made entirely of sterling silver, stands 22\" weighs 7 pounds and depicts a regulation-size football in kicking position.", "An AWOL trophy: This Sunday marks the 49th Super Bowl, but Tiffany & Co. has actually crafted 50 trophies. The Baltimore Colts captured the Vince Lombardi Trophy for Super Bowl V in 1971; owner Carroll Rosenbloom traded the Colts for the Rams in 1972, but in what’s now considered a rather sneaky move, he finagled to get the trophy back into his hands a few years later for a Super Bowl party, and he never returned it. Rather than get in the middle of an argument, Rozelle decreed that a replica of the trophy should be made and given to Baltimore. When the Colts moved to Indianapolis in 1984—known as the infamous “Midnight Move”—the city of Baltimore was allowed to keep the replica trophy as part of its legal settlement with the team. That trophy now resides in the Sports Legends Museum at Camden Yards in Baltimore.", "After Lombardi died unexpectedly on September 3, 1970, a shocked NFL renamed the Super Bowl trophy the Vince Lombardi Trophy in recognition of his accomplishments with the Packers. The city of Green Bay renamed Highland Avenue in his honor in 1968, placing Lambeau Field at 1265 Lombardi Avenue ever since.", "Shortly after Lombardi's 1970 death, before Super Bowl V, Commissioner Pete Rozelle made what remains arguably the greatest tribute in league history, naming the Super Bowl championship trophy the Vince Lombardi Trophy.", "The trophy is made entirely of sterling silver. It depicts a regulation-size football in kicking position. It has a height of 22 inches (55 cm) and weighs seven pounds (3 kg). Engraved on the base are the words \"Vince Lombardi Trophy\" and the NFL logo. After the trophy is awarded, it is sent back to the makers to be engraved with the winning team's name and the date and score.", "in tom we trust NEW England Patriots tight end Rob Gronkowski raises the Vince Lombardi Trophy after the Patriots beat the Seattle Seahawks in the National Football League Super Bowl XLIX. AP", "Coach Lombardi was a man of character and believed in finding the best in his men both on the field and off. He has proven to be an inspiration, not just in sports, but for all of us in life. That's why the National Football League's Super Bowl trophy is named in his honor. Vincent Thomas Lombardi was born on June 11, 1913 in Brooklyn. He died in Washington DC at the early age of 57 on September 3, 1970 leaving a lagacy still unmatched to this day. Vince Lombardi and his wife Marie are buried in Mount Olivett Cemetery, Middletown, NJ. Learn more about the life of this inspirational man on the Vince Lombardi official website.", "The trophy handed to the NFL champion and named in Lombardi's honor, is no ordinary piece of tin. This sterling-silver Tiffany and Co.-created trophy is nearly two feet tall and shaped like a kick-ready football. Done from scratch every year, it costs $50,000, takes four months and 72 man-hours to complete. The words \"Vince Lombardi Trophy\" and the NFL shield are engraved onto the base.", "As of 2014, the San Francisco 49ers have won the Super Bowl five times. The team captured the Lombardi Trophy in 1982, 1985, 1989, 1990 and 1995.", "Now, other teams have had greater winning streaks such as the San Francisco 49ers, the Pittsburgh Steelers and the Dallas Cowboys, it is the Green Bay Packers and Vince Lombardi who stands are as symbolizing what the Super Bowl represents to it's fans and the United States of America.", "During World War II, college football players enlisted in the armed forces, some playing in Europe during the war. As most of these players had eligibility left on their college careers, some of them returned to college at West Point, bringing Army back-to-back national titles in 1944 and 1945 under coach Red Blaik. Doc Blanchard (known as \"Mr. Inside\") and Glenn Davis (known as \"Mr. Outside\") both won the Heisman Trophy, in 1945 and 1946 respectively. On the coaching staff of those 1944–1946 Army teams was future Pro Football Hall of Fame coach Vince Lombardi. ", "Doug Williams , MVP in Super Bowl XXII commemorating the twentieth anniversary of becoming the first African American to quarterback a team to victory in the Super Bowl, took part in the Vince Lombardi Trophy presentation ceremony after the game. [66]", "One note of interest: before the \"Lombardi Trophy\" was conceived and given to the league champ, the NFL champion was presented with the \"Ed Thorpe Memorial Trophy.\" Each year's champion was engraved on the cup, and remained with the current NFL champion and then passed on to the next titleholder. Teams were also presented with a smaller replica which they were able to keep. In 1969, the Vikings won the last NFL title before the merger and were presented the Thorpe Trophy. Presently, the whereabouts of the trophy is unknown. ", "This year there will be a new champion. Whether it will be the Giants or the Patriots is yet to be determined. What is known, is that the new champ will hoist a trophy that has the name Vince Lombardi written on it.", "The deal with the Packers—a team that had finished with a 1-10-1 record the previous season—marked Lombardi’s first head coaching position in the NFL. In his first season, Lombardi guided his team to a 7-5 record and a third-place finish in the Western Conference of the NFL. The following year, the Packers lost in the 1960 championship game to the Philadelphia Eagles, 17-13. Lombardi won his first championship ring in 1961, when Green Bay smashed the Giants 37-0; they repeated as champs the next year, again beating New York, 16-7. In addition to capturing three more NFL championships from 1965 to 1967, the Packers won both of the first two Super Bowls, in which the NFL champion faced the winner of the upstart American Football League (AFL). With the phenomenal play of his team, Lombardi literally became the face of professional football, gracing the cover of a December 1962 issue of TIME magazine under the headline “The Sport of the ’60s.”", "The players, along with the Super Bowls in which they participated in the Lombardi Trophy presentation ceremony, are listed below.", "NFL Super Bowl 2011 Odds: Which Team Will Take Home The Lombardi Trophy (PHOTOS) | The Huffington Post", "The Heisman Trophy. There is no award in college football that is more utterly meaningless in every way imaginable, and that includes the College Football Playoff National Championship . Yet every year, there are massive campaigns, a lavish awards ceremony, and firestorms of controversy over who won and who didn't. We even find out who finished second and third, for crying out loud!", "The gold and bronze trophy is of a receiver catching a football standing on top of a heavy base. The base is made of black onyx stone. First presented in 1994 to former Penn State receiver Bobby Engram, other past winners of the Biletnikoff Award include Randy Moss, Braylon Edwards, and Calvin Johnson. Winners of the award are voted on by members of the media.", "UA-AU WINNER GETS \"FOY TROPHY\": On July 13, 1948, the two circles of Omicron Delta Kappa, national leadership honor society from Alabama and Auburn joined together to sponsor a trophy devoted to sportsmanship between the two universities. The ODK-James E. Foy V Sportsmanship Trophy is a tradition which symbolizes the good relationship between the two schools. Originally the trophy was displayed in Birmingham in Loveman's store window the week prior to the football game between the two universities. Then, in a parade preceding the game, the trophy would be carried in a convertible with the Omicron Delta Kappa presidents from each school on either side. The parade was stopped in the 1960s but the trophy has continued to be awarded every year. The trophy is now awarded to the winner at halftime of the Alabama-Auburn basketball game on the winner's home court. The trophy remains in their care until the next year's presentation takes place. In January 1978, the trophy was dedicated to Dean James E. Foy V upon his retirement as the Dean of Student Affairs at Auburn University. He began serving in that position in 1950 after serving as Assistant Dean of Students at the University of Alabama.", "* The UCLA Bruins are voted national champions by the Coaches Poll; do not play in the Rose Bowl due to the \"no-repeat rule\"" ]

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[ "Munich Massacre: Eleven Israeli athletes at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich are murdered after 8 members of the Arab terrorist group Black September invade the Olympic Village; 5 guerillas and 1 policeman are also killed in a failed hostage rescue.", "The Munich Massacre occured on the 6th of September 1972. Eleven Israeli athletes at the 1972 Summer Olympics were murdered after 8 members of the Arab terrorist group Black September invaded the Olympic Village in Munich. 5 guerillas and 1 policeman was also killed in a failed hostage rescue. This massacre later became the subject of the Steven Spielberg film Munich in 2005.", "Munich Massacre:  Eleven Israeli athletes at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich are murdered after 8 members of the Arab terrorist group Black September.", "The 1972 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad, was held in Munich, West Germany, from August 26 to September 5, 1972, the sporting nature of which was largely overshadowed by a terrorist attack in which 11 Israeli athletes and coaches, a West German police officer, and five terrorists were killed.", "The 1972 Munich Olympics were darkened by the murder of 11 Israeli athletes and the botched ending to the Soviet Union-U.S. basketball final but also featured Mark Spitz, Olga Korbut and Frank Shorter.", "1972 - Slaughter of Israeli athletes at the Munich Olympic Games by the Palestinian Black September Movement", "Politics again intervened at Munich in 1972, with lethal consequences . A Palestinian terrorist group named Black September invaded the Olympic village and broke into the apartment of the Israeli delegation. They killed two Israelis and held 9 others as hostages. The terrorists demanded that Israel release numerous prisoners. When the Israeli government refused their demand, a tense stand-off ensued while negotiations continued. Eventually the captors, still holding their hostages, were offered safe passage and taken to an airport, where they were ambushed by German security forces. In the firefight that followed, 15 people, including the nine Israeli athletes and five of the terrorists, were killed. After much debate, it was decided that the Games would continue, but proceedings were obviously dominated by these events. [3] Some memorable athletic achievements did occur during these Games, notably the winning of a record seven gold medals by United States swimmer Mark Spitz , Lasse Viren 's, of Finland, back to back gold in the 5,000 meters and 10,000 meters, defeating American distance great Steve Prefontaine in the former, and the winning of three gold medals by 16-year-old Soviet gymnast Olga Korbut , who, however failed to win the all-around to her teammate Ludmilla Tourischeva .", "It was on September 10, 1972, when the game took place in Munich, Germany during an Olympics that had been tarnished by the killing of 11 Israeli athletes by Arab terrorists – an event that caused the Olympics to go through a two-day postponement of competition.", "Politics again intervened at Munich in 1972, with lethal consequences . A Palestinian terrorist group named Black September invaded the Olympic village and broke into the apartment of the Israeli delegation. They killed two Israelis and held 9 others as hostages. The terrorists demanded that Israel release numerous prisoners. When the Israeli government refused their demand, a tense stand-off ensued while negotiations continued. Eventually the captors, still holding their hostages, were offered safe passage and taken to an airport, where they were ambushed by German security forces. In the firefight that followed, 15 people, including the nine Israeli athletes and five of the terrorists, were killed. After much debate, it was decided that the Games would continue, but proceedings were obviously dominated by these events. [13] Some memorable athletic achievements did occur during these Games, notably the winning of a then-record seven gold medals by United States swimmer Mark Spitz , Lasse Virén (of Finland)’s back-to-back gold in the 5,000 meters and 10,000 meters (defeating American distance running great Steve Prefontaine in the former), and the winning of three gold medals by 16-year-old Soviet gymnastic sensation Olga Korbut – who thrilled the world with an historic backflip off the high bar. Korbut, however, failed to win the all-around, losing to her teammate Ludmilla Tourischeva .", "During the Olympic Games in Munich , Black September, a front for Fatah , took hostage 11 members of the Israeli Olympic team. Nine athletes were killed including weightlifter David Berger, an American-Israeli from Cleveland, Ohio.", "During the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, a massacre of 11 members from the Israeli Olympic team occurred. The team members were taken hostage and eventually killed, along with a German police officer, by the Palestinian group Black September.", "A Black September terrorist on a balcony in the Olympic Village in September 1972, during what became known as the Munich Massacre , in which 11 Israeli athletes were kidnapped and killed.", "Mark Spitz has won seven gold medals and established many world records for swimming. At the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich , Germany, terrorists murdered eleven Israeli athletes and the world was elated over Spitz's achievements in swimming and simultaneously stunned and angered by the cold-blooded murder of the Jewish athletes . At those Munich summer games, American security guards quickly formed a shield of protection around Spitz since they were fearful that the terrorists might strike at him because he is Jewish. Spitz was angry and saddened by the loss of the Israeli athletes. However, he was too stunned and protected to do anything symbolic against the terrorists.", "In 1972, when the Summer Games were held in Munich, Germany, eleven members of the Israeli Olympic team were taken hostage by the Palestinian terrorist group Black September in what is now known as the Munich massacre.", "Eleven members of the Israeli Olympic team, including athletes, coaches, and a referee, were killed in an attack by Palestinian gunmen during the 20th Olympic Games in Munich in 1972, bringing the Games to a halt. On September 5, eight gunmen from a splinter group of the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) called Black September raided the Israeli team’s quarters in the Olympic village in Germany. They first killed an Israeli weightlifter and a wrestling coach, and then took nine others hostage and demanded the release of 236 prisoners held in Israel.", "On this day in 1972, at the Summer Olympics in Munich, Germany, a group of Palestinian terrorists storms the Olympic Village apartment of the Israeli athletes, killing two and taking nine others hostage. The terrorists, known as Black September, demanded that Israel release over 230 Arab prisoners being held in Israeli jails and two German terrorists. In an ensuing shootout at the Munich airport, the nine Israeli hostages were killed along with five terrorists and one West German policeman. Olympic competition was suspended for 24 hours to hold memorial services for the slain athletes.", "1972 - Arab guerrillas attacked the Israeli delegation at the Munich Olympic games. 11 members of the Israeli Olympic team, five guerrillas and a police officer were killed in the siege.", "1972 - Arab guerrillas, the Black September movement, attacked the Israeli delegation at the Munich Olympic games. 11 members of the Israeli Olympic team, five guerrillas and a police officer were killed in the siege.", "*Mark Slavin, Israeli Olympic Greco-Roman wrestler and victim of the Munich massacre at the 1972 Summer Olympics", "The long, acrid hangover from the 1972 Summer Games in Munich , during which the Palestinian terrorist group Black September killed 11 Israeli athletes and coaches. In the wake of the murders, the head of the IOC, American Avery Brundage, famously declared that \"the Games must go on,\" despite \" two savage attacks .\" For Brundage, a lifelong racist and personal friend of Adolf Hitler (as head of the USOC during the '36 Games in Berlin, Brundage watch track and field competitions from der Fuhrer's box and pressured the American track coach to sideline Jewish runners), the second \"attack\" during the '72 Games was a threatened boycott of the Olympics by African nations if apartheid Rhodesia was allowed to compete. Beyond all that, endless boycotts for this or that reason, usually tied to politics, not athletics.", "Terrorism has also threatened the Olympic Games. In 1972, when the Summer Games were held in Munich , Bavaria , Germany , eleven members of the Israeli Olympic team were taken hostage by the terrorist group Black September in what is now known as the Munich massacre. A bungled liberation attempt led to the deaths of the nine abducted athletes who had not been killed prior to the rescue. Also killed were five of the terrorists and a German policeman. During the Summer Olympics in 1996 in Atlanta, a bomb was detonated at the Centennial Olympic Park, which killed 2 and injured 111 others. The bomb was set by Eric Robert Rudolph, an American domestic terrorist, who is currently serving a life sentence for the bombing.", "The sporting nature of the event was largely overshadowed by the Munich massacre in which eleven Israeli athletes and coaches and a West German police officer were killed. Five Black September Palestinian terrorists died.", "Although several small event-related occurrences happened during the games, it was the events of September 5th, known today as the Munich massacre, that most darkened the Olympic atmosphere. On that day, a group of eight Palestinian terrorists belonging to the Black September organization broke into the Olympic Village in Munich and took eleven Israeli athletes hostage in their apartment, soon killing two of them. The subsequent standoff in the village lasted for almost 18 hours. During a badly botched German rescue attempt at the military airport of Fürstenfeldbruck, where the captors with their hostages had been transferred by helicopter on their way to board a plane bound for an undetermined Arabic country, all the surviving Israeli hostages were killed by the Palestinians. All but three of the Palestinianians were killed as well. Two of those three were later killed by the Israeli Mossad. The Olympic events were suspended, but Avery Brundage, the International Olympic Committee president, decided that the Games should continue in the spirit with which they began. The Olympics resumed a day later.", "The Games were largely overshadowed by what has come to be known as the Munich massacre. On September 5 a group of eight Palestinian guerrillas belonging to the Black September organization broke into the Olympic Village and took nine Israeli athletes, coaches and officials hostage in their apartments. Two of the hostages who resisted were killed in the first moments of the break-in; the subsequent standoff in the Olympic Village lasted for almost 18 hours.", "The Games were largely overshadowed by what has come to be known as the \"Munich massacre\". On September 5, a group of eight members of the Black September Palestinian terrorist organization broke into the Olympic Village and took nine Israeli athletes, coaches and officials hostage in their apartments. Two of the hostages who resisted were killed in the first moments of the break-in; the subsequent standoff in the Olympic Village lasted for almost 18 hours.", "1972 - The Summer Olympics resumed in Munich, West Germany, a day after the deadly hostage crisis that took the lives of 11 Israelis and five Arab abductors.", "The 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, were publicized by organizers as the \"Games of Peace and Joy.\" West Germans were intent on erasing the memory of the last Olympics held in Germany: the 1936 Berlin Olympics that Adolf Hitler exploited as a vehicle of Nazi propaganda. Police in Munich--the birthplace of Nazism--kept a low profile during the 1972 Games, and organizers chose lax security over risking comparison with the Gestapo police tactics of Hitler's Germany.", "      The 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, were publicized by organizers as the \"Games of Peace and Joy.\" West Germans were intent on erasing the memory of the last Olympics held in Germany: the 1936 Berlin Olympics that Adolf Hitler exploited as a vehicle of Nazi propaganda. Police in Munich the birthplace of Nazism kept a low profile during the 1972 Games, and organizers chose lax security over risking comparison with the Gestapo police tactics of Hitler's Germany.", "      The 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, were publicized by organizers as the \"Games of Peace and Joy.\" West Germans were intent on erasing the memory of the last Olympics held in Germany: the 1936 Berlin Olympics that Adolf Hitler exploited as a vehicle of Nazi propaganda. Police in Munich the birthplace of Nazism kept a low profile during the 1972 Games, and organizers chose lax security over risking comparison with the Gestapo police tactics of Hitler's Germany.", "At the time of the hostage-taking, the 1972 Munich Olympic Games were well into their second week. The West German Olympic Organizing Committee had hoped to discard the military image of Germany. The Committee was wary of the image portrayed by the 1936 Berlin Olympics, which Nazi dictator Adolf Hitler used for his benefit. The documentary film One Day in September claims that security in the athletes' village was unfit for the Games and that athletes could come and go as they pleased. Athletes could sneak past security, and go to other countries' rooms, by going over the fencing that encompassed the village.", "Leni continued to face more intense opposition at home than abroad. To commemorate the 1972 Munich Olympics, the Sunday Times Magazine of London hired her to photograph the ’72 games, while the BBC acquired the British television rights to both parts of Olympia; meanwhile, a sellout screening of Olympia at the Zoo-Palast in Berlin was cancelled following anonymous threats of arson. [190] American film producer David Wolper was producing the film for the ’72 Olympics, and approached Leni with an offer to make the portions covering the opening and closing ceremonies; he was, however, pressured by the West German government to forego this deal. [191] At the time of the games, no German agencies invited her to their festivities, while the America House received her, giving occasion to the first meeting between her and Jesse Owens since 1936. [192]", "Learn about the hostage taking and subsequent tragedy that marred the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich, …" ]

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[ "The Prix du Jockey Club is run at Chantilly Racecourse in France . The race is open to 3 year old thoroughbred colts and fillies, and covers a distance of 2100 metres. The race tends to attract entries that will run in the Irish Derby later on in the season, and four racehorses have won both races during the history of the Prix du Jockey Club.", "The Prix du Jockey Club, sometimes referred to as the French Derby, is a Group 1 flat horse race in France open to three-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies. It is run at Chantilly over a distance of 2,100 metres (about 1 mile and 2½ furlongs) each year in early June.", "The Prix du Jockey Club is a prestigious horse racing event which is held at the foot of the magnificent Château de Chantilly on the first Sunday in June every year.", "The Prix du Jockey Club is the first of the French Classics run every year. The race is sometimes referred to as the French Derby due to the fact that it was inspired by the cross-channel Epsom Derby , and is run over roughly the same distance.", "The Prix du Jockey Club was inspired by the Epsom Derby and is often termed the French Derby in recognition of its origins. The race is run over 2,100 metres, which is around a mile and 2 furlongs and is staged in June each year to great acclaim. Several winners have gone on to win at other notable races such as the Prix de L’Arc de Triomphe and the Irish Derby.", "Chantilly racing is Flat racing, contested by the finest thoroughbred horses in the world. The course is right-handed with interlocking tracks, giving three courses in total covering distances from 1400 metres to 2400 metres. The course is home to two of the four French Classics; the Prix du Jockey Club and Prix de Diane.", "Chantilly is an elegant town and the horse-racing capital of France. Horse-racing was first introduced from England in 1830 and today Chantilly still trains some 3,000 thoroughbreds in the surrounding forests and countryside. June marks the beginning of the flat racing season, attracting society's big wigs for the two historic trophies - the Prix du Jockey-Club and Prix de Diane-Hermes.", "Longchamp (Hippodrome de Longchamp) is the most famous racecourse in France and one of the world's most famous race courses.", "The Longchamp Racecourse or locally known as the Hippodrome de Longchamp is a 58 hectare horse-racing facility located on the Route des Tribunes in the Bois de Boulogne at Paris, France. Built on the banks of the River Seine, it is used for flat racing and is one of the most prestigious flat racing tracks in the world. Its name is synonymous with all that is noble in the sport of kings.", "June Horse racing in Rio – Grande Prêmio Brasil The Grande Prêmio Brasil is Brazil’s most important horse race held at Hipódromo da Gávea – known locally as ‘Jockey Club.’ The gruelling 2.4km race has been held every summer since 1933 – thoroughbred horses, jockeys and trainers compete throughout the year to qualify. The race is world renowned, often featuring participants from racing powerhouses such as United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, France, South Africa, Australia and Argentina.", "In 1872, Col. Meriwether Lewis Clark, Jr., grandson of William Clark of the Lewis and Clark expedition, traveled to England, visiting the Derby, a famous race that had been running annually since 1780. From there, Clark went on to Paris, France, where in 1863, a group of racing enthusiasts had formed the French Jockey Club and had organized the Grand Prix de Paris at Longchamp, which at the time was the greatest race in France.", "The Prix de l’Arc de Triomphe is held at the Longchamp Racecourse in Paris. This 1 1/2-mile race has been held almost every year since 1920 and has a prize fund of €4 million or $5.4 million US. In 2007, the purse was just €2 million or $2.7 million US but has doubled in size thanks to the Qatar Racing and Equestrian Club’s recent sponsorship of the race.", "The Jockey Club Gold Cup is the main event of the fall meeting at Belmont Park. It is traditionally the event in which successful horses from the U.S. Triple Crown series meet their elders for the first time on a weight-for-age basis. In recent years it has suffered from the ever-increasing dominance of the Breeders’ Cup races.", "Chantilly Racecourse (In French: \"Hippodrome de Chantilly\") is a Thoroughbred turf racecourse for flat racing in Chantilly, Oise, France, about 50 km north of the centre of the city of Paris.", "The Preakness Stakes is an American flat thoroughbred horse race held on the third Saturday in May each year at Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore, Maryland. It is a Grade I race run over a distance of 9.5 furlongs () on dirt. Colts and geldings carry 126 pounds (57 kg); fillies 121 lb (55 kg). It is the second jewel of the Triple Crown, held two weeks after the Kentucky Derby and three weeks before the Belmont Stakes.", "Hosting the third leg of the United States Triple Crown \"Belmont Stakes\", Belmont Park is also known as \"The Champion Track\", owing to the fact that every champion in horse racing has competed at least once on the track. The legendary horse Secretariat set one of the two world records on this very racetrack - his Belmont Stakes victory of 2 minutes 24 seconds remains undefeated to date. He set his Kentucky Derby world record (1 minute 592⁄5 seconds) on the Churchill Downs racetrack. A statue of Secretariat was placed in the paddock of Belmont Park to honor him.", "Aqueduct Racetrack is a horse racing track in South Ozone Park, New York, in the borough of Queens, where thoroughbreds race from October to May.", "The first race card at Chantilly was held on May 15, 1834 and its existing grandstand was built in 1879 by the famed architect Honoré Daumet, who also did the renovations to the nearby Château de Chantilly. The racecourse was constructed abutting the existing Great Stables (French:Grandes Écuries), built in 1719 by estate owner, Louis Henri, Duc de Bourbon, Prince of Condé. Designed by the architect Jean Aubert, the mammoth 186-meter-long stable is considered the most beautiful in the world. [http://pets.webshots.com/photo/2151498080078402629tzaxqS]", "Bill Shoemaker, who rode his first winner on April 20, 1949, at Golden Gate Fields and went on to become the most famous thoroughbred jockey in the world, died in his sleep Sunday morning at his home in San Marino (Los Angeles County). He was 72.", "Frankie Dettori celebrates on board Golden Horn after winning the Prix de l’Arc de Triomphe at Longchamp. Photograph: Michel Euler/AP", "Other major sporting events include Thoroughbred and Quarter horse racing circuits at Remington Park and numerous horse shows and equine events that take place at the state fairgrounds each year. There are numerous golf courses and country clubs spread around the city.", "The course features a one-mile dirt racetrack. The facility usually hosts about 50,000 viewers on its signature grandstands, though that number can triple on Derby days. One of the track's signature images is that of the twin spires that sit on top of the course's grandstand, and they now serve as the course's official logo -- and that of its owner, Churchill Downs Incorporated.", "It's most famous as the venue for the Prix de L'Arc de Triomphe, held in early October each year. However, Longchamp also hosts the French 2,000 guineas and 1,000 guineas - called the \"Poule d'Essai des Poulains\" and \"Poule d'Essai des Pouliches\", respectively - and the Grand Prix de Paris.", "The racetrack was also the site of Affirmed's epic stretch duel with Alydar in the 1978 Belmont Stakes, a victory that gave Affirmed the Triple Crown; and Triple Crown winner Seattle Slew's defeat of Affirmed in the Marlboro Cup in September of that same year. The Marlboro, a key event of the Fall Championship meets in the 1970s and 1980s, included a dramatic come-from-behind win by Forego in the 1976 installment.", "The horse-racing community waits for the first Saturday in June for the Belmont Stakes, the third and final leg of the Triple Crown, hoping that a single horse may pull off the great feat of taking all 3 victories in the year's Triple Crown series. The Belmont Stakes is the oldest of the Triple Crown Races dating back to 1867, and also the longest and most challenging at 1-1/2 miles around the track. Secretariat gained his reputation as one of the world's greatest racehorse during the 1973 Belmont Stakes when he ran to victory, breaking world records for speed 31 lengths ahead of his competition. The Belmont Stakes is the Triple Crown's most accessible race, not only because of its close proximity to New York City, but because while there are some reserved seats, the majority of tickets are general admission between $10 and $20.", "* Gran Premio del Jockey Club - (4) - Nagami (1958), Marco Visconti (1966), Awaasif (1983), Silvernesian (1992)", "An organization dedicated to the improvement of Thoroughbred breeding and racing. Incorporated Feb. 10, 1894 in New York City, The Jockey Club serves as North America's Thoroughbred registry, responsible for the maintenance of 'The American Stud Book', a register of all Thoroughbreds foaled in the United States, Puerto Rico and Canada; and of all Thoroughbreds imported into those countries from jurisdictions that have a registry recognized by The Jockey Club and the International Stud Book Committee.", "D. Oldrey, The Jockey Club Rooms, A Catalogue and History of the Collection, London, 2006, p. 22, under no. 72.", "The top jockey for the festival is the jockey who wins the most races over the four days. The winners since 1980, with wins in brackets, are:", "The most recent Grand National winning jockey also to do the trick as a trainer is Irishman Tommy Carberry. He partnered L'Escargot to a famous win over favourite Red Rum in 1974 and then, some 25 years later, saddled Bobbyjo to win the race in the hands of his son, Paul.", "A stellar field included Bold Ruler and Round Table, but it was Gallant Man and Iron Liege dueling to the wire in the stretch. Racing neck-and-neck into deep stretch, Shoemaker stood up in the saddle to celebrate victory too early - clearly misjudging the finish line. Gallant Man briefly lost momentum, and Bill Hartack aboard Iron Liege held on to win by a neck.", "\"There's so many big meetings all over the world that the better jockeys have to go to. The horses they have been riding are running in those big races.\"" ]

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[ "'Still, despite dominance by the Patriots, the 2000s were marked by parity. In every decade since the Super Bowl began, the number of different teams who played in it has gone up. In the '70s, nine different teams played in the Super Bowl; in the '80s it was 10. The '90s featured 13 different teams and the '00s had 14. Only the Patriots won more than one title in the decade, the first time in history only one team won multiple Super Bowls in a decade (other than the '60s, which only had four Super Bowls). '", "As of the late 1960s, the Super Bowl had been conceived as a merger agreement between the two rival leagues, which eventually came together as a single league in 1970, which is still known as the National Football League (NFL) as of 2015.", "The Super Bowl was first played on January 15, 1967, as part of a merger agreement between the NFL and a rival league, the American Football League (AFL). It was agreed that the two leagues' champion teams would play in an AFL-NFL World Championship Game, until the merger was consummated. After the merger of the two leagues in the 1970s, each league became a \"conference\", and the game was played between conference champions. Lamar Hunt, former owner of the Kansas City Chiefs and founding member of the American Football League, coined the name Super Bowl after watching his children playing with a Super Ball. The Super Bowl uses Roman numerals to identify each game, rather than the year in which it is held. (From: Wikipedia, license: CCA-SA)", "The most successful franchise of the 1980s was the San Francisco 49ers , which featured the West Coast offense of head coach Bill Walsh . This offense was led by three-time Super Bowl MVP quarterback Joe Montana , Super Bowl MVP wide receiver Jerry Rice , and tight end Brent Jones . Under their leadership, the 49ers won four Super Bowls in the decade ( XVI , XIX , XXIII , and XXIV ) and made nine playoff appearances between 1981 and 1990, including eight division championships, becoming the second dynasty of the post-merger NFL. The 1980s also produced the 1985 Chicago Bears , who posted an 18–1 record under head coach Mike Ditka , colorful quarterback Jim McMahon , and Hall of Fame running back Walter Payton and won Super Bowl XX in dominating fashion. The Washington Redskins and New York Giants were also top teams of this period; the Redskins won Super Bowls XVII and XXII and the Giants claimed Super Bowls XXI and XXV . As in the 1970s, the Oakland Raiders were the only team to interrupt the Super Bowl dominance of other teams; they won Super Bowls XV and XVIII (the latter as the Los Angeles Raiders).", "The Super Bowl is the annual championship game of the National Football League (NFL), the highest level of professional American football in the United States, culminating a season that begins in the late summer of the previous calendar year. The Super Bowl uses Roman numerals to identify each game, rather than the year in which it is held. For example, Super Bowl I was played on January 15, 1967, following the 1966 regular season, while Super Bowl XLVII was played on February 3, 2013, following the 2012 season.", "The second half of the decade was dominated by the Pittsburgh Steelers, who won four times in six seasons: Super Bowls IX, X, XII and XIV. Led by the \"Steel Curtain\" defense and quarterback Terry Bradshaw, the Steelers appeared in six AFC championship games during the 1970s, making the playoffs in eight consecutive years. The squad became the first (and only) team to win back-to-back Super Bowls on two different occasions.", "The NFL was formed in 1920 as the American Professional Football Association (APFA) before renaming itself the National Football League for the 1922 season. The NFL agreed to merge with the American Football League (AFL) in 1966, and the first Super Bowl was held at the end of that season; the merger was completed in 1970. Today, the NFL has the highest average attendance (67,591) of any professional sports league in the world and is the most popular sports league in the United States. The Super Bowl is among the biggest club sporting events in the world and individual Super Bowl games account for many of the most watched television programs in American history, all occupying the Nielsen's Top 5 tally of the all-time most watched U.S. television broadcasts by 2015. The NFL's executive officer is the commissioner, who has broad authority in governing the league.", "The SuperBowl is an annual American football game that determines the champion of the National Football League NFL. The contest is held in an American city that is chosen three to four years beforehand, usually in warm-weather or domed sites. The winner of the American Football Conference AFC Championship Game faces the winner of the National Football Conference NFC Championship Game in the culmination of the NFL playoffs. Before the 1970 merger between the American Football League AFL and the National Football League (NFL), the two leagues met in a World Championship Game and Super Bowl III in 1969 was the first Super Bowl that carried the \"Super Bowl\" moniker at the time of the game. The NFC leads in Super Bowl wins with 22, while the AFC has won 21. The NFL and AFL each won two World Championships.", "The Super Bowl is so big that even the commercials are worth watching. The first Super Bowl (held in January 1967) was played to plenty of empty seats and a waning TV audience. But now Super Bowl Sundays, progressively marked with Roman numerals, are the most celebrated one-game professional championship on the 12-month Gregorian calendar.The Super Bowl concludes a 16-game regular season, and three postseason play-off rounds. It pits the top team from the American Football Conference against the top team from the National Football Conference for the coveted Vince Lombardi Trophy (not to mention diamond-studded rings for players, coaches, and front office “suits”). The Sunday evening spectacle is preceded by two weeks of parties and pre-game hype.", "Super Bowl 50, the 50th edition of the Super Bowl in American football, and the 46th modern-era National Football League (NFL) championship game, will decide the league champion for the 2015 NFL season. In a departure from the NFL tradition of using Roman numerals, this game will be marketed in Arabic numerals as \"Super Bowl 50\" instead of Super Bowl L (the Roman numeral for 50). The game is scheduled to be played on February 7, 2016 at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California, the home stadium of the San Francisco 49ers. This will be the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area since Super Bowl XIX in January 1985. It has been dubbed as the Golden Super Bowl because it will be located in the Golden State (California); held in the home stadium of the San Francisco 49ers, a team named after the miners of the California Gold Rush and because a 50th anniversary is traditionally the \"golden anniversary.\" CBS will telecast the game in the United States.", "'The NFL, in the last ten years, has grown larger than George Halas or Jim Thorpe or Bert Bell ever dreamed. In the most recent Super Bowl, the TV ratings topped the season-finale of MASH, which had held the record for most watched program for over 35 years. The game was watched by an average of 106.5 million people, the biggest night of television the country has ever seen. The game also featured another first: the first Super Bowl appearance (and victory) for the New Orleans Saints. While the Saints closed out the decade on top, however, the New England Patriots spent most of the decade in that position. Beginning in 2001, when the Pats upset the hugely-favored St. Louis Rams, the Patriots played in a total of four Super Bowls, winning three. They went undefeated in the 2007 regular season, besting the Miami Dolphins record of 14-0 in '72 with a 16-0 record, though, ironically, they lost the Super Bowl that year, ending with an 18-1 record.'", "Super Bowl V proves to be a game of significant firsts. Its the first championship tilt between representatives of the American (Baltimore) and National (Dallas) football conferences within the reorganized NFL. In addition, it is the first Super Bowl to be played on artificial turf, the first to be decided on its final play, and the first to produce a Most Valuable Player who is neither a quarterback or a member of the winning team. It is also the first Super Bowl match-up between two original NFL franchises. Before the 1970 season, Baltimore was one of three teams moved by the NFL to the AFC. The Colts waste little time avenging their Super Bowl III loss to the Jets and the old AFL, by losing only twice during the season and rolling through the AFC playoffs. Although the aged Colts are expected to fall to the younger Cowboys in the Super Bowl, Jim OBriens game-ending 32-yard field goal gives Baltimore the title. In a game marred by 11 turnovers, Dallas linebacker Chuck Howley is named MVP thanks in part to his two interceptions.", "The first Super Bowl was held on January 15, 1967. The Green Bay Packers defeated Kansas City 35-10. It was played at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum.", "The NBC telecast of the game, with play-by-play announcer Dick Enberg and color commentators Merlin Olsen and Bob Griese (who was not in the booth with Enberg and Olsen), garnered the third highest Nielsen rating of any Super Bowl to date, a 48.3 but it ended up being the first Super Bowl to garner over 90 million viewers the highest to date up to that point. While Dick Enberg, Merlin Olsen and Bob Griese called the game, Bob Costas and his NFL '85 castmates, Ahmad Rashad and Pete Axthelm anchored the pregame, halftime and postgame coverage. Other contributors included Charlie Jones (recapping Super Bowl I) and Bill Macatee. Also, the pregame coverage included what became known as \"the silent minute\"; a 60-second countdown over a black screen (a concept devised by then-NBC Sports executive Michael Weisman); a skit featuring comedian Rodney Dangerfield and an interview by NBC Nightly News anchor Tom Brokaw of United States President Ronald Reagan at the White House (this would not become a regular Super Bowl pregame feature until Super Bowl XLIII; when Today show host Matt Lauer interviewed U.S. President Barack Obama).", "So the Super Bowl is big. But the event was not always what it is today. In fact, the first Super Bowl, played on January 15, 1967, was not even called the Super Bowl. It was the “AFL-NFL World Championship Game.”", "The game soon became known officially as the Super Bowl. The decade ended and so did the AFL, merged with the NFL.", "Jan. 15, 1967 was the date. The Green Bay Packers of the NFL were taking on the Kansas City Chiefs of the AFL for the very first time. The event wound up becoming something called the Super Bowl, although most called it the AFL-NFL World Championship Game then.", "The Baltimore Colts, now a member of the AFC, would start the decade by defeating the Cowboys in Super Bowl V, a game which is notable as being the only Super Bowl to date in which a player from the losing team won the Super Bowl MVP (Cowboys' linebacker Chuck Howley). Beginning with this Super Bowl, all Super Bowls have served as the NFL's league championship game.", "On January 24, 1982, CBS Sports' broadcast of Super Bowl XVI – in which the San Francisco 49ers (led by quarterback Joe Montana) defeated the Cincinnati Bengals, 26–21 – became the highest rated Super Bowl of all time, with a 49.1 rating/73 share. Summerall and Madden called their first Super Bowl together as they went on to become one of the most popular NFL announcing teams ever. During the Super Bowl XVI telecast, the telestrator made its major network debut, which the network introduced as the \"CBS Chalkboard\" during their sports coverage. Madden utilized the device effectively to diagram football plays on-air to viewers. The telestrator is generally credited with popularizing the use of \"telestration\" during sports commentary.", "Super Bowl XXVI was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Washington Redskins and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Buffalo Bills to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1991 season. The Redskins defeated the Bills by the score of 37–24, becoming the fourth team after the Pittsburgh Steelers, the Oakland Raiders, and the San Francisco 49ers to win three Super Bowls. The Bills became the third team, after the Minnesota Vikings (Super Bowls VIII and IX) and the Denver Broncos (Super Bowls XXI and XXII), to lose back-to-back Super Bowls. The game was played on January 26, 1992, at the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome in Minneapolis, Minnesota, the first time the city has played host to a Super Bowl (the city will host Super Bowl LII at U.S. Bank Stadium).", "The game was broadcast in the United States by CBS and featured the broadcast team of play-by-play announcer Pat Summerall and color commentator John Madden for the fifth time. This would also prove to be their last for CBS until 9 years later (XXXV), when CBS took over the AFC package from NBC in 1998. Lesley Visser and Pat O'Brien reported on the sidelines; Visser would later preside over the presentation of the Lombardi Trophy to the Redskins, becoming the first woman to do so. The Super Bowl Today was hosted by Greg Gumbel and Terry Bradshaw with Randy Cross and Dan Fouts contributing team reports and Visser, Madden, Bernard Goldberg, and Mike Francesa (among others) contributing feature segments.", "Technically, the first two NFL championship games used the title of \"World Championship Game\" so the 50th \"Super Bowl\" would in fact be the one held in 2018. The \"Super Bowl I\" moniker was used retroactively.", "Super Bowl 30 was played on January 28th, 1996 at Tempe, Arizona's Sun Devil Stadium. Barry Switzer's Dallas Cowboys beat Bill Cowher's Pittsburgh Steelers, 27-17. Larry Brown's two interceptions led to two Dallas touchdowns and a Pete Rozelle MVP Trophy for Brown. Chris Boniol hit 2 field goals. Emmitt Smith ran for two scores. Troy Aikman hit Michael Irvin on his lone touchdown pass. With 4:15 left in the game Neil Odonnell threw his second pick to Brown ending Pittsburgh's comeback hopes. Lavon Kirkland, Chad Brown, Kevin Greene and Greg Lloyd led the Steeler defense. Brock Marion, Deion Sanders, Charles Haley, Leon Lett, and Darren Woodson all played great for Dallas' defense.", "* January 26 – Super Bowl XXVI: The Washington Redskins defeat the Buffalo Bills 37–24 at the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome in Minneapolis, Minnesota.", "The 50th Super Bowl in NFL history is set for 2016 in the San Francisco 49ers ' new Levi's Stadium. The big milestone comes with a change in how the game will be presented.", "Los Angeles, California hosted the Green Bay Packers and the Kansas City Chiefs in football's first Super Bowl. Super Bowl 1 featured coaching greats, Vince Lombardi and Hank Stram. Over 61,000 fans watched Bart Starr throw 2 touchdowns, leading the Packers to a 35-10 victory while receiving MVP honors. However, it was unlikely hero, Max McGee who opened eyes, catching 7 balls for 138 yards. Other key players for the Packers' were all-pro safety Willie Wood and running back Elijah Pitts, while the Chiefs were led by QB Len Dawson, and Curtis McClinton.", "This was the third time in Super Bowl history that a team overcame a deficit entering the fourth quarter to win the game. The Baltimore Colts entered the final quarter down 13–6 against Dallas in Super Bowl V and won the game 16–13. The Pittsburgh Steelers started the final period against Dallas in Super Bowl X down 10–7 and eventually won the game 21–17. The lead had changed hands seven times, a Super Bowl record to this day. Franco Harris, Lynn Swann, and John Stallworth became the fourth, fifth and sixth players to score touchdowns in back-to-back Super Bowls, respectively. They had to celebrate when Swann returned from the hospital after being injured.", "But it was a different time back then: see it was still that time when the most important part of Super Bowl week was, well, the Super Bowl. That's what people cared about: not the activities around the city, not the weather of the city, just the game.", "* January 18 – Super Bowl X: The Pittsburgh Steelers defeat the Dallas Cowboys 21–17 at the Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida.", "This game is thought to be the earliest surviving Super Bowl game preserved on videotape in its entirety, save for a portion of the Colts' fourth quarter scoring drive. The original NBC broadcast was aired as part of the NFL Network Super Bowl Classics series.", "The kickoff for the game took place at 4:32 p.m. MST (23:32 UTC). This was the first Super Bowl played on a retractable natural-grass field surface; the University of Phoenix Stadium's removable surface is unique among American sports venues. ", "The Patriots took the second quickest lead in Super Bowl history after linebacker Larry McGrew recovered a fumble from Walter Payton at the Chicago 19-yard line on the second play of the game. (Jim McMahon took responsibility for this fumble after the game, saying he had called the wrong play.) This set up Tony Franklin 's 36-yard field goal 1:19 into the first quarter after 3 incomplete passes by Tony Eason . \"I looked up at the message board,\" said Chicago linebacker Mike Singletary , \"and it said that 15 of the 19 teams that scored first won the game. I thought, yeah, but none of those 15 had ever played the Bears.\" [6] Chicago struck back with a 7 play, 59-yard drive, featuring a 43-yard pass completion from Jim McMahon to wide receiver Willie Gault , to set up a field goal from Kevin Butler , tying the score 3-3." ]

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[ "Flemington Park Racecourse hosts the annual Melbourne Spring Carnival of Racing , the most prestigious series of race meetings in Australia. The racecourse is famous for the capacity crowds that pack into the grandstands for the running of the Melbourne Cup and the VRC Derby Stakes , with up to 120,000 spectators attending each event.", "Flemington Racecourse is the best-known Racecourse in Australia. It is the oldest continuing metropolitan Racecourse - there have been races here every year since 1840. Flemington Racecourse is the most significant racing heritage site in the country and in 2006 it was placed on the National Heritage List.", "Flemington Racecourse (originally called Melbourne Racecourse) was first used as a racecourse in 1840 when the town of Melbourne was just five years old, making it the oldest metropolitan racecourse in Australia. With views of the Melbourne city skyline, this National Heritage listed site also boasts the largest public rose garden in the Southern Hemisphere.", "The Melbourne Cup, also known as the Race That Stops a Nation, is a two-mile race held on the first Tuesday of every November at the Flemington Racecourse in Melbourne, Australia. The race has been worth at least $1 million AUD since 1985 and has held a purse of over $5 million AUD or $4.59 USD since 2005. Today’s cup is worth $6.2 million AUD or $5.65 million USD, making it not only Australia’s top race, but one of the largest horse races in the world.", "The  MELBOURNE CUP  also known as The race that stops a nation, is Australia’s major Thoroughbred horse race, held annually on the 1st Tuesday of November since the 1800s. The 3,200 metre race for 3 year old horses is the richest 2 mile handicap in the world, and also one of the richest turf races. The race event is all conducted by the  Victoria Racing Club  on the  Flemington Racecourse  in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The Melbourne Cup race starts at 3pm (daylight saving time) the first Tuesday in November.", "Phar Lap with jockey Jim Pike riding at Flemington race track. Photograph courtesy of Australian History.org.", "The Melbourne Cup Carnival is known worldwide as Australia's greatest sporting event. The week-long horse racing extravaganza is held every year at the Flemington Racecourse in Melbourne. For Australians both local and abroad, the Melbourne Cup represents Australia's most anticipated race that literally stops the nation.", "Every year on the first Tuesday in November, Flemington plays host to Australia's most famous horse race, the Melbourne Cup. The race permits up to 24 competitors to slug it out over a gruelling two miles, with the winner laying claim to the lion's share of the $6 million in prize money on offer. This prize pool makes the Melbourne Cup the richest handicap in the world.", "The Melbourne Cup is Australia's major Thoroughbred horse race. Billed as The race that stops a nation, it is a race for three-year-olds and over, over a distance of 3,200 metres. It is the richest and most prestigious \"two-mile\" handicap in the world, and one of the richest turf races in the world. The event is held at around 3 pm on the first Tuesday in November by the Victoria Racing Club, on the Flemington Racecourse in Melbourne.", "History lesson – Team Ballydoyle inspect the track at Melbourne Cup's Flemington Racecourse. The Ballydoyle stables in Ireland were also home to Nijinksy -- the last Triple Crown winner.", "Phar Lap has been honoured with a life-sized bronze statue at Flemington Racecourse in Melbourne . [37]", "The present site of Flemington Park Racecourse has been hosting horse races since the 19th century. Racing was first organised on the salt flats on the outskirts of Melbourne in the 1840s, on land leased from the local butcher, Robert Fleming.", "The Australian Grand Prix is a motor race held annually in Australia currently under contract to host Formula One until 2023. The Grand Prix is the oldest surviving motor racing competition held in Australia having been held 79 times since it was first run at Phillip Island in 1928. Since 1985, the race has been a round of the FIA Formula One World Championship and is currently held at the Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit at Albert Park in Melbourne. Prior to its inclusion in the World Championship, it was held at a multitude of venues in every state of Australia. It was a centrepiece of the Tasman Series in most years between 1964 and 1972 and was a round of the Australian Drivers' Championship on many occasions between 1957 and 1983. It became part of the Formula One World Championship in 1985 and was held at the Adelaide Street Circuit in Adelaide, South Australia, from that year to 1995, before moving to Melbourne in 1996. The winner of the race is presented with a circular plate, recently named the Jack Brabham trophy named for the three-time winner in a design based on the steering wheel of one of Brabham's racing cars and a perpetual trophy, the Lex Davison trophy, named for four-time winner and dates back to the 1960s.", "Melbourne Cricket Ground is an Australian sports stadium located in Yarra Park in inner Melbourne, home to the Melbourne Cricket Club. It is the largest stadium in Australia, and holds the world record for the highest light towers at any sporting venue. The MCG is within walking distance of the city centre, and is serviced by Richmond and Jolimont train stations. It is part of the Melbourne Sports and Entertainment Precinct. Internationally, the MCG is remembered as the centrepiece stadium of the 1956 Summer Olympics and the 2006 Commonwealth Games. The open-air stadium is also one of the world’s most famous cricket venues, with the well-attended Boxing Day Test match commencing on Boxing Day every year. Throughout the winter, it serves as the home of Australian rules football, with at least one game (though usually more) held there each round. The Melbourne stadium is 10th largest stadium of the world.", "It has become legend that Archer walked over 800 km (over 500 miles) to Flemington from de Mestre's stable at \"Terara\" near Nowra, New South Wales. However, newspaper archives of the day reveal that he had travelled south from Sydney to Melbourne on the steamboat City Of Melbourne, together with de Mestre, and two of de Mestre's other horses Exeter and Inheritor. Before being winched aboard the steamboat for the trip to Melbourne, the horses had arrived in Sydney in September 1861. ", "A week later the city of Melbourne is abuzz when the Victoria Racing Club hosts the 4 day Melbourne Cup Carnival at Flemington racecourse. The first Saturday of the carnival is Victoria Derby day which hosts one of the best day's racing anywhere in the world, with quality group racing action, including four Group 1 races, and headlined by the AAMI Victoria Derby (2500m) for three-year-olds.", "Another illustrious racecourse in Australia, the Randwick Racecourse hosts many races like the Australian Derby, the AJC Oaks, AJC Queen Elizabeth Stakes (historically known as the Queen's Plate). Apart from being a venue for these and other famous races, Randwick Racecourse has also been used as a location for shooting parts of the film Mission Impossible II, and is also used as a venue for the University of New South Wales exams! Fancy appearing for an exam in a racecourse ... cool, isn't it?", "Flemington Racecourse has been famous around the world as the home of the Melbourne Cup since it was first run in 1861. Today, the Melbourne Cup Carnival is a festival of horse racing, fashion and fun that starts in September and runs through until mid-November.", "Kings Park is a 4.06-square-kilometre park located on the western edge of the central business district in Perth, Western Australia, Australia. The park is a mixture of grassed parkland, botanical gardens and natural bushland on Mount Eliza with two thirds of the grounds conserved as native bushland. With panoramic views of the Swan River and Darling Range, it is home to over 300 native plant varieties and 80 bird species. It overlooks the city as well as Perth Water and Melville Water on the Swan River. It is one of the largest inner city parks in the world and the most popular visitor destination in Western Australia, being visited by over five million people each year. The park is larger than New York's Central Park which is 3.41 km². Besides tourist facilities Kings Park contains the State War Memorial, the Royal Kings Park Tennis club and a reservoir. The streets are tree lined with individual plaques dedicated by family members to Western Australian service men and women who died in World War I and World War II. During September of each year Kings Park hosts Australia's largest wildflower show and exhibition - the Kings Park Festival.", "Albert Park, within easy reach of the Melbourne central business district, became home to the Australian Grand Prix in Melbourne. A 16-turn circuit, which measures 5.3 kilometres in its current guise, was built utilising a combination of public roads and a car park within the park. The circuit is renowned as being a smooth and high-speed test for Formula One teams and drivers. Its characteristics are similar to the only other street circuit set in a public park used in the Formula One World Championship, the Circuit Gilles Villeneuve in Montreal which hosts the Canadian Grand Prix.", "06. Q. In which park is the Melbourne Australian Formula 1 motor racing circuit situated ?", "SUNBURY, ENGLAND - AUGUST 26: A general view as runners race down the back straight at Kempton Park racecourse on August 26, 2015 in Sunbury, England. (Photo by Alan Crowhurst/Getty Images)", "Melbourne's first race meeting was held as a holiday event in March 1838 and this was repeated in 1839. In the third year the races were held on flats beside the Salt River. This was to become the site of today's Flemington racecourse. The following year the Port Philip Race Club was formed, but it was short lived.", "Makybe Diva's trainer, Lee Freedman, says the mare has proved herself to be 'one of the all-time greats ... I don't think the country has seen a better horse in the past 30 or 40 years'. As well as the three Melbourne Cup wins, Makybe Diva won a Sydney Cup, an Australian Cup and the BMW at Rosehill Gardens in Sydney.", "The race is itself is exciting. Then there’s the three day carnival, the fashion fiesta, and let’s not forget about the betting. Flemington racetrack is where they run the Melbourne Cup race. This pear shaped track offers a racing distance of 3.2 km. It attracts more than 120,000 spectators each year, who enjoy the three grandstands that were built back in 2000.", "Kempton Park is horse-racing course at Sunbury-on-Thames, to the south-west of London. It takes its name from Kempton Manor, on the site of which the racecourse was constructed. Kempton Park opened in 1878. Its most famous race is the King George VI Chase, which is held every Boxing Day.", "■ Upcoming race meetings: Wednesday:The Meadows (Day), Bendigo (Twilight), Cranbourne (Night), Ballarat (N); Thursday: Shepparton (T), Sandown Park (N), Warrnambool (N); Friday: Warrnambool (D), Bendigo (T), Geelong (N); Saturday: Traralgon (T), The Meadows (N); Sunday: Sandown Park (D), Healesville (D), Sale (T); Monday: Ballarat (D), Traralgon (T), Shepparton (N); Tuesday: Geelong (T), Horsham (T). - Kyle Galley", "Racehorses come from all over the world to race in the Cup. Overseas entrants travel by plane in luxurious quarters. It was far more risky taking them by ship to Melbourne. In September 1867, the City of Melbourne was hit by a gale, almost a cyclone, off Jervis Bay. On board were eleven racehorses traveling to the Cup; nine died. Five of those eleven horses had been trained by de Mestre.", "Albert Park — A suburb of Port Phillip and Home of Melbourne's F1 Grand Prix circuit.", "Yarra Park, to the south-east of the city centre, is a large expanse of parkland. Facilities include the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG), the National Tennis Centre, Olympic Park, the new Multi-Purpose Sports Venue and a number of popular sports fields, pitches and ovals.", "Racing on the Gold Coast dates back to the 1890's when an occasional public meeting was run in the old cane paddocks of Bundall, not far from the present Gold Coast Turf Club. Regular racing at its present headquarters began on 15 May 1946. Hosting approximately 60 race meetings each season, the Gold Coast Turf Club is also home to several highly anticipated major events. The largest of these is the BMW Magic Millions Carnival held annually in January over 19 days.", "A Country Racing Victoria Fashions on the Field event hosted by Stony Creek Racing Club with the professional support of Kate Adkins from Events by Kate. STO3170153" ]

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[ "      By the end of the year, however, there was one young golfer who appeared to have the ability to stand out from the pack and the potential to lead the sport into the next millennium. Californian Eldrick (\" Tiger \") Woods, who in 1994 at age 18 had become the youngest-ever winner of the U.S. Amateur championship, became the first player to win it for three successive years, recovering in the final from five down to beat Steve Scott at the second extra hole at Pumpkin Ridge Golf Club in Cornelius, Ore.", "UNITED STATES William C. Fownes Jr. (Captain) As the son of Oakmont Country Club founder Henry Fownes, W.C. hailed from a distinguished golf family. In addition to succeeding his father at the helm of Oakmont, he soon carved out his own competitive legacy, winning the U.S. Amateur in 1910 and serving as president of the USGA in 1926-27. Interestingly, Fownes was part of the 1921 United States Team that played in the International Challenge Matches at Hoylake, the forerunner of the Walker Cup Match. Chick Evans Evans was the finest young golfer yet produced by the Windy City. He had already won the Western Amateur and the Western Open, as well as the French Amateur, the prestigious North and South and the Chicago Amateur title. In 1916, Evans became the first player ever to win the U.S. Amateur Championship and the U.S. Open in the same year. He won the U.S. Amateur again in 1920. Robert Gardner Gardner won the 1909 U.S. Amateur while a 19year-old sophomore at Yale University. He remained the youngest-ever champion until Tiger Woods won his first Amateur in 1994. Gardner again won the Amateur in 1915.", "Many of the leading figures in the history of golf have been U.S. Amateur Champion, including Bobby Jones five times, Jerome Travers four times, Jack Nicklaus twice and Tiger Woods three times (all consecutive; the only player to win three in a row). In 1993, Woods got knocked out to Kingshill Golf Club's Paul Page 2&1 in the last 16, but Woods' first win, as an 18-year-old in 1994, made him the youngest winner of the event, breaking the previous record of 19 years 5 months set by Robert A. Gardner in 1909. In 2008, New Zealander Danny Lee became the youngest ever winner, only to be eclipsed by 17-year-old An Byeong-hun the following year. Before the professional game became dominant, the event was regarded as one of the majors. This is no longer the case, but the champion still receives an automatic invitation to play in all of the majors except the PGA Championship. In addition, the runner-up also receives an invitation to play in the Masters and the U.S. Open. However, the golfers must maintain their amateur status at the time the events are held (unless they qualify for the tournaments by other means).", "The following year, Woods won his third consecutive U.S. Junior Amateur Championship; he remains the event's only three-time winner. In 1994, at the TPC at Sawgrass in Florida, he became the youngest-ever winner of the U.S. Amateur Championship, a record he held until 2008 when it was broken by Danny Lee.", "Jones's four titles in the U.S. Open remain tied for the most ever in that championship, along with Willie Anderson, Ben Hogan, and Jack Nicklaus. His four second-place finishes in the U.S. Open place him second all-time with Sam Snead and Nicklaus. Phil Mickelson holds the dubious record with six (1999, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2013) second-place finishes. His five titles in the U.S. Amateur are a record. Jones was ranked as the fourth greatest golfer of all time by Golf Digest magazine in 2000. Nicklaus was first, Hogan second, and Snead third. Jones was ranked as the third greatest golfer of all time in a major survey published by Golf Magazine, September 2009. Nicklaus was ranked first, with Tiger Woods second, Hogan fourth, and Snead fifth. ", " The first official U.S. Open ( United States Open Championship ), Amateur ( United States Amateur Championship ), and Women's Amateur championships were held in 1895. Walter J. Travis ( Travis, Walter ) was the first great American golfer. He proved his ability as a golfer by winning the U.S. Amateur (1900–03) and the British Amateur (1904, the only year he entered this event) titles. Jerome D. Travers, the next great American champion, was a player with indomitable courage and nerve that rarely failed him. He won the U.S. Amateur Championship (1907–08, 1912–13) and the U.S. Open title (1915).", "initially intending to bring the U.S. Open down to the South, but when the USGA declined on the grounds of the extreme heat during June in Georgia Jones and Roberts came up with an idea to host their own tournament. And The Masters Tournament was born. Jones was for Nicklaus what Nicklaus is for Tiger Woods today. His record of 13 Major championships was the record which Jack hunted down from the start and he is noted for saying that he considers himself to have won 20 Majors as he counts his two U.S. Amateur titles as Major championships and his similarities with Jones make it absolutely no surprise that Nicklaus had the most success at Augusta National. Because Jones valued the amateur golfer he invited amateurs to compete in The Masters Tournament and gave them special accommodation and status within the tournament, giving Jack Nicklaus, and later Tiger Woods, the opportunity to play at Augusta and compete in a Major prior to turning professional. Nicklaus won the 1959 U.S. Amateur championship at the Broadmoor Golf Club in Colorado and the 1961 championship at Pebble Beach, these wins in addition to other amateur achievements enabled Nicklaus to compete in the 1959, 1960 and", "The first official U.S. Open , Amateur , and Women’s Amateur championships were held in 1895. Walter J. Travis was the first great American golfer. He proved his ability as a golfer by winning the U.S. Amateur (1900–03) and the British Amateur (1904, the only year he entered this event) titles. Jerome D. Travers, the next great American champion, was a player with indomitable courage and nerve that rarely failed him. He won the U.S. Amateur Championship (1907–08, 1912–13) and the U.S. Open title (1915).", "The following table lists the U.S. Open golf champions since 1895. The record for most wins is a four-way tie between Willie Anderson (1901, 1903, 1904, 1905), Robert T. Jones Jr. (1923, 1926, 1929, 1930), Ben Hogan (1948, 1950, 1951, 1953), and Jack Nicklaus (1962, 1967, 1972, 1980).", "Another South African, Gary Player was Champion in 1959. This was at the beginning of the \"Big Three\" era in professional golf, the three players in question being Player, Arnold Palmer, and Jack Nicklaus. Palmer first competed in 1960, when he came second to the little-known Australian Kel Nagle, but he won the next two years. While he was far from being the first American to become Open Champion, he was the first that many Americans saw win the tournament on television, and his charismatic success is often credited with persuading leading American golfers to make The Open an integral part of their schedule, rather than an optional extra. The improvement of trans-Atlantic travel also increased American participation.", "In 1989, Woods participated in his first major tournament Big I, and then went on to become the US Junior Amateur champion at the age of 15. He was the youngest person to achieve the feat, till Jim Liu broke his record in 2010. However, the American is the only one to have won it three consecutive times on the last hole (1991-1993).", "'The greatest amateur of the first half of the 1900s, however (and one of the greatest of all-time) was Bobby Jones. Of the seven U.S. Amateur Championships between 1924 and 1930, Jones won five of them; those five victories are also the most all-time in Amateur Championship history. His greatest feat, another unmatched in history, came in 1930. In that single year, Bobby Jones won the U.S. Open, the British Open, the U.S. Amateur Championship and the British Amateur Championship. That accomplishment was dubbed the \"Grand Slam.\" No other player has ever completed a single-season Grand Slam, though five others have completed a career Grand Slam, winning all four majors in their career.'", "From humble beginnings came the man who would pull of the greatest upset in golf history. Jack Fleck was born in Iowa, the son of destitute farmers who would eventually lose their land. He was a caddy, a dentist and an assistant golf pro before joining the Navy and serving in World War II. Shortly after the war, Fleck made the decision to join the PGA Tour on a full-time basis. His first win would come in 1955, as he knocked off the legendary Ben Hogan in a three-hole playoff to win the U.S. Open. It would wind up being just one of three PGA Tour events Fleck would win during his golfing career.", "Bobby played against adults at age 9 and won his very first major men’s tournament. He became the only golfer to win the United States Open champion at 21. Bobby Jones’ crowning glory was The Grand Slam of the year 1930, at age 28, in which he became the first golfer to win the US Open, United States Amateur, British Amateur championships as well as British Open in a single year. At that point, Jones retired from tournament golf.", "In 1966, Nicklaus also won The Open Championship at Muirfield in Scotland under difficult weather conditions, using his driver just 17 times, because of very heavy rough. This was the only major he had failed to win up to that point. This win made him the youngest player, age 26 (his fifth year on Tour), and the only one after Gene Sarazen , Ben Hogan , and Gary Player (until Tiger Woods at age 24 in 2000, also during his fifth year on Tour) to win all four major championships, now known as the Career Slam. Nicklaus eventually accomplished the double career slam in 1971 and the triple career slam in 1978, winning all four majors two and three times, respectively. Nicklaus was part of another title for the U.S. in the World Cup in Japan. Nicklaus concluded 1966 playing 22 official worldwide events, with four victories, four runners-up, 14 top-five finishes, 16 top-10 finishes, and zero missed cuts.", "Early in 1941 the Selective Service Board was beginning to interfere with the careers of professional golfers as well as many other people. In late January Ed Oliver, still using Wilmington as his address even though he was the head professional in Hornell, New York, had to make a hurried trip home from the tour for his physical. Oliver drove home to Wilmington and then drove back across the country to play in the Crosby Pro-Am. He was Bing Crosby�s partner in the tournament and the defending champion. While Oliver was home his father had taken his clubs out of the car and stored them away. He didn�t know that his son was going to get a deferment and thought that he would not be playing golf for a while. Oliver arrived in California without any clubs and had to play with a borrowed set. At the tournament Ed Dudley gave Bing Crosby a plaque from the PGA for participating in six Red Cross matches sponsored by the PGA in 1940. Sam Snead won the 36-hole tournament, played at Rancho Sante Fe Golf Club, with a 67 and a 69 for a 136 total. There were over 300 entries and it took two days to play the first round. Craig Wood finished second at 137. This was Snead�s third Crosby Pro-Am victory and he had won every one he had played in. Jug McSpaden and Bill Nary tied for third with 138s.", "Gary Player won the US Open golf tournament and became the fourth winner to earn all four top | South African History Online", "The first post-World War II winner was the American Sam Snead, in 1946. In 1947, Northern Ireland's Fred Daly was victorious. While there have been many English and Scottish champions, Daly was the only winner from Ireland until the 2007 victory by Pádraig Harrington. There has never been a Welsh champion. In the early postwar years The Open was dominated by golfers from the Commonwealth, with South African Bobby Locke and Australian Peter Thomson winning the Claret Jug in eight of the 11 championships from 1948 and 1958 between them. During this period, The Open often had a schedule conflict with the match-play PGA Championship, which meant that Ben Hogan, the best American golfer at this time, competed in The Open just once, in 1953 at Carnoustie, a tournament he won.", "At age 20 in 1996, he became the first golfer to win three consecutive U.S. Amateur titles and won the NCAA individual golf championship. … Read More", "Nicklaus' biggest early breakthrough in his young career came at the 1960 U.S. Open at Cherry Hills, where he established an amateur record by shooting a 282. Jack finished as the runner-up to Arnold Palmer by 2 strokes. He also emerged as the individual winner in the World Amateur Team Championship by 13 strokes with 269, eclipsing Ben Hogan's record by 18 shots.", "After 15 victories by expatriate Brits (and the successful visit of the famous English golfer Harry Vardon in 1900) the US Open was finally won by an American-born golfer at Chicago, in Wheaton, Illinois, in 1911. The winner, John J. McDermott Jr, was only 19 and still an amateur, and remains the youngest champion. He beat Mike Brady and George Simpson – both also American-born – in an 18-hole play-off. Just to show it was no fluke, McDermott retained his title in 1912.", "Golfing legend Bobby Jones was born in Atlanta, Georgia, on March 17, 1903. He began playing golf as a young child, and won his first tournament when he was nine years old. In 1916, at age 14, he made it to the third round of the US National Amateur tournament. Golf was not just a passion with him but almost an obsession, and while he was attending the Georgia School of Technology--from which he graduated in 1922--he continued playing golf, and his astonishing skill at the game resulted in his becoming one of the most admired sports stars of the 1920s and widely credited with making golf one of the most popular sports in the country. He won the US Open in 1923--his first major tournament win--and again in 1924, 1925, 1927, 1928 and 1930. He took the US Amateur title in 1924, 1925, 1927 and 1928 and the British Open championship in 1926, 1927 and 1930. In 1930 he took the US Open and US Amateur titles and British Open and British Amateur titles, a feat that has never been duplicated. He won a total of 13 major championships. He was a member of the US Walker Cup teams in 1922, 1924, 1926, 1928 and 1930.", "During the 1950s, the short-lived World Championship of Golf was viewed as a \"major\" by its competitors, as its first prize was worth almost ten times any other event in the game, and it was the first event whose finale was televised live on U.S. television. The oldest of the majors is The Open Championship, commonly referred to as the \"British Open\" outside the United Kingdom. Dominated by American champions in the 1920s and 1930s, the comparative explosion in the riches available on the U.S. Tour from the 1940s onwards meant that the lengthy overseas trip needed to qualify and compete in the event became increasingly prohibitive for the leading American professionals. Their regular participation dwindled after the war years. Ben Hogan entered just once in 1953 and won, but never returned. Sam Snead won in 1946 but lost money on the trip (first prize was $600) and did not return until 1962.", "The U.S. Amateur, the oldest USGA championship, was first played in 1895 at Newport Golf Club in Rhode Island. The event, which has no age restriction, is open to those with a Handicap Index of 2.4 or lower. It is one of 13 national championships conducted annually by the USGA, 10 of which are strictly for amateurs. It is the pre-eminent amateur competition in the world. Applications are typically placed online, starting the third week in April at www.usga.org.", "Jones qualified for his first U.S. Open at age 18 in 1920, and was paired with the legendary Harry Vardon for the first two rounds. He won the Southern Amateur three times: 1917, 1920, and 1922. ", "Georgia amateur Bobby Jones helped the sport and tournament gain popularity during that decade, winning four U.S. Opens between 1922 and 1930. In 1933, John Goodman became the fifth and last amateur to win the U.S. Open.", "Player is the first international contestant to win the Open, he donates his winnings to the USGA for a youth golf program", "golf: champ: US Amateur, British Amateur tourneys [1934, 1935], U.S. Open [1940]; died Feb 1, 1968", "golf champion: Masters [1951, 1953], U.S. Open [1948, 1950, 1951, 1953], British Open [1953], PGA [1946, 1948]; died July 25, 1997", "His first major championship win came at the 1959 British Open, and he was the first non-American to win the Masters when he did so in 1961. The PGA Championship followed in 1962, and when Player won the U.S. Open in 1965 he became, at the time, only the third winner of the career grand slam and the fourth winner to earn all four top-pro golf titles.", "Jones dramatically improved his skill with each passing summer. After winning many regional events, in the fall of 1916 he entered his first national competition, the U.S. Amateur, held at the Merion Cricket Club near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Although he was eliminated in the third round, the fourteen-year-old exceeded the expectations of most observers and was quickly dubbed the nation's top golf prodigy.", "Player turned pro in 1953 and joined the PGA Tour in 1957. His first major championship win came at the 1959 British Open , and he was the first non-American to win The Masters when he did so in 1961. The PGA Championship followed in 1962, and when Player won the 1965 U.S. Open he became, at the time, only the third winner of the career grand slam ." ]

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[ "Richard Upton, an Australian swimmer who was let off with a warning after failing a doping test, has been given a three-month ban by the international Court of Arbitration. Upton, who won a relay silver medal at this year's drug-tainted World Championships in Perth, tested positive for the masking agent probencid in an out-of-competition test on 17 February.", "The Australian swimmer Richard Upton, a relay silver medalist at this year's world championships, has returned a positive test to probenecid, which he said he was given by his doctor to help fight a chest infection.", "Australian swimmer Richard Upton, a relay silver medalist at this year's world championships, has returned a positive test to a banned masking agent. Upton said he was told last week that he tested positive to probenecid, which he said he was given by his doctor to help fight a chest infection. \"I don't know how to take this, it's come as a shock,\" Upton said. \"It's hard for me to know what to do because I feel I have done nothing wrong.\" Upton is a member of Sydney's Carlile team--headed by Forbes Carlile, a member of the World Coaches Association's anti-doping committee and a leading critic of Chinese swimmers for their alleged drug use.", "The four-time World Cup champions are ranked #1 in Test cricket and led the Test rankings for a record-setting 74 months from 2003-2009. Three of their World Cup victories happened consecutively, and a fourth was in sight before Pakistan snapped Australia’s 34-match winning streak in 2011. Along with England, the Australian Cricket Team is the oldest Test team in the sport, and they are widely considered to be the world’s most successful.", "England's mixed fortunes continued under Gooch's successor Mike Atherton. Earmarked early as a future captain, England enjoyed victories over South Africa, India and New Zealand under his premiership although they continued to fare badly against the West Indies and Australia, and the lack of consistent progress led to his resignation at the end of the 1997/98 tour of the West Indies, which England lost 3-1. Replacement Alec Stewart was sacked after less than a year in the job after another defeat in Australia and a disastrous 1999 Cricket World Cup campaign. The beginning of Nasser Hussain's captaincy saw England jeered by their own supporters after losing to New Zealand at home in 1999, but England soon started to enjoy a revival, which continued under Michael Vaughan. England were the only team undefeated in 2004, and were, as at June 2005, ranked as the second-best Test nation in the world. Later that summer they regained The Ashes from Australia, having not held them since 1989.", "During his suspension, he considered working for the St Kilda Australian rules football club as an assistant coach, before the Australian Football League told the club that it would be inappropriate to have somebody suspended for a drug offence advising its players. He also received invitations to play in various celebrity \"park cricket\" teams, and the newly renamed Cricket Australia reversed its decision on whether Warne, as a contracted player, should be allowed to play in such matches. He also became a TV commentator for Channel 9 in Australia during this time.", "The first Olympic athlete to test positive for the use of performance-enhancing drugs was Hans-Gunnar Liljenwall , a Swedish pentathlete at the 1968 Summer Olympics , who lost his bronze medal for alcohol use. One of the most publicized doping-related disqualification occurred after the 1988 Summer Olympics where Canadian sprinter, Ben Johnson (who won the 100-metre dash) tested positive for stanozolol . His gold medal was later stripped and awarded to the American runner-up Carl Lewis , who himself had tested positive for banned substances prior to the Olympics. [2]", "Evander Holyfield (born October 19, 1962) is a retired American professional boxer. He is a former Undisputed World Champion in both the cruiserweight and heavyweight divisions, earning him the nickname \"The Real Deal.\" He is the only four-time World Heavyweight Champion, winning the WBA, WBC, and IBF titles in 1990, the WBA and IBF titles in 1993, and the WBA title in 1996 and 2000. After winning the bronze medal in the Light Heavyweight division at the 1984 Summer Olympics, Holyfield debuted as a professional at the age of 21. Holyfield moved to the cruiserweight division in 1985 and won his first title the following year, when he defeated Dwight Muhammad Qawi for the WBA Cruiserweight belt. He then went on to defeat Ricky Parkey and Carlos De Leon to win the Lineal, IBF and WBC titles, becoming the Undisputed Cruiserweight Champion. Holyfield retired in 2014 and has a professional record of 44 wins, 10 losses, 1 draw and 1 no contest. Notable wins: George Foreman, Larry Holmes, Riddick Bowe, Mike Tyson (x2).", "Vaughan's batting initially suffered under the increased pressures of captaincy; in his first twelve matches as captain, his batting average was only 30.31. However, under Vaughan's captaincy, the England side became one of the most successful sides in world cricket. He benefited from the revolution begun by coach Duncan Fletcher and former captain Nasser Hussain, such as the awarding of central contracts to the core England players, and continued to forge a winning team. In 2003, after the drawn series against South Africa, England toured South Asia, beating Bangladesh but losing to Sri Lanka . But in 2004, England were unbeaten, winning eleven matches and drawing two, including an England record of eight consecutive victories. They beat the West Indies away for the first time since 1968. They then won all seven home Tests against New Zealand and the West Indies, before beating South Africa away for the first time since 1965. In the 2005 home season , England easily beat Bangladesh in a two-Test series, before facing Australia for the Ashes .", "Drug scandals in sports – After racking up awards in college football, Ricky Williams was picked in the first round of the pro football draft in 1999. After testing positive for marijuana in 2004 as a Miami Dolphin, Williams retired and studied holistic medicine in California. He returned to the Dolphins the following year, only to have more run-ins with the NFL drug policy. He retired again in 2011.", "The first Olympic athlete to test positive for the use of performance-enhancing drugs was Hans-Gunnar Liljenwall , a Swedish pentathlete at the 1968 Summer Olympics , who lost his bronze medal for alcohol use. [174] One of the most publicised doping-related disqualifications occurred after the 1988 Summer Olympics where Canadian sprinter, Ben Johnson (who won the 100-metre dash ) tested positive for stanozolol . His gold medal was later stripped and awarded to the American runner-up Carl Lewis , who himself had tested positive for banned substances prior to the Olympics. [175]", "On Mar. 28, 2009, French tennis player Richard Gasquet submits a urine sample after withdrawing with an injury from a tournament in Miami, Florida. When both his A and B samples test positive for cocaine on May 11, 2009, Gasquet is charged with a doping offense and banned from competition.", "a big cricket playing nation in the world, was the World Cup Champions in 1996 and has been cup runners-up for several times. Sri Lanka has produced cricket giants in the world such as batsmen Sanath Jayasoriya,spinner Muttaiah Muralitharan.", "In spite of the relatively few occasions in which 100 m sprinters have failed doping tests at the Olympics, numerous Olympic sprinters have been banned outside the competition or implicated otherwise, including many medalists. Two-time Olympic champion Carl Lewis had a positive drug test for stimulants at the US Olympic trials covered up by the United States Olympic Committee. The 1992 Olympic champion Linford Christie was banned for nandrolone later in his career. Angel Guillermo Heredia accused the 2000 Olympic champion Maurice Greene of doping; Greene denied this but admitted to paying for \"stuff\" for his training mates. Justin Gatlin, the men's gold medallist in 2004, served a doping suspension both before and after his Olympic win, and returned to the podium at the 2012 Olympics. The men's runner-up in 2012, Yohan Blake, was banned for consuming a stimulant in 2009. ", "Merlene Ottey (Slovenia). Jamaican-born sprinter who won world 200 titles but was banned from the 1999 Seville world athletics championships after a positive test for nandrolone. Later cleared by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF). Dwain Chambers (Britain). Finished fourth in the 100 final at the 2000 Sydney Olympics but was banned for two years in 2003 after testing positive for the designer steroid THG in the Balco laboratory scandal.", "Dennis Mitchell (US). The American, who won gold as part of the US 4x100 metres relay team at the 1992 Barcelona Olympics, was banned for two years in 1998 for excessive levels of the male sex hormone testosterone.", "British sprinter Dwain Chambers becomes the first person to test positive for the steroid THG in an out-of-competition drug test conducted on Aug. 1, 2003. On Nov. 7, 2003, he is suspended from all competition for two years and banned from the Olympics for life.", "Commonwealth Games champion runner, Diane Modahl, becomes the first British female athlete to test positive for performance enhancing drugs. She is banned from competition for four years in a ruling by the British Athletic Foundation (BAF) on Dec. 15, 1994. Modahl claims that the Lisbon laboratory stored her urine sample improperly.", "In October 2007, American sprinter Marion Jones admitted to having taken steroids before the Sydney 2000 Summer Olympics. As a result of these admissions, Jones accepted a two-year suspension and forfeiture of all medals, results, points and prizes earned after September 1, 2000. Marion Jones now faces a six-month stay in prison.", "A left-handed batsman, Fleming made his Test debut in March 1994 against India winning the Man of the Match award on debut after scoring 92. In 1995 he survived controversy when he was caught and admitted to smoking marijuana with teammates Matthew Hart and Dion Nash while on tour at their hotel. In England's tour of New Zealand in 1996/97 he scored his maiden Test century in the First Test at Auckland. In the Third Test of the tour he took over the captaincy from Lee Germon becoming New Zealand's youngest captain at 23 years and 321 days.", "In October 2007, American sprinter Marion Jones admitted to having taken steroids before the Sydney 2000 Summer Olympics. As a result of these admissions, Jones accepted a two-year suspension and forfeiture of all medals, results, points and prizes earned after September 1, 2000.", "Players like Tim Raines, Dave Parker, Keith Hernandez, Vida Blue, Lee Mazzilli and Dale Berra were either suspended or testified about rampant cocaine use across the sport.", "Australian star player Shane Warne was sent home from the cup in embarrassing circumstances, only the day before their opening game, after a positive drug test in a lead-up competition in Australia revealed that he had taken a banned diuretic. The leg spinner claimed that he had taken a 'fluid pill' on the advice of his mother.", "* — The 2000 and 2003 awards given to Marion Jones and Lance Armstrong were later rescinded in the aftermath of doping revelations. No replacement winner was chosen.", "By the Seventies and Eighties the sport’s big names such as Lancashire born Bill Beaumont, who captained England to their first grand slam for 23 years in 1980, were household names. one moment Beaumont remembers vividly from his playing days was the time that buxom streaker Erika Roe ran on to the pitch topless at halftime during a 1982 international.", "The biological passport was introduced in the FIFA World Cup starting in 2014. Blood and urine samples from all players before the competition, and from two players per team per match, are analysed by the Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses. FIFA reported that 91.5% of the players taking part in the tournament were tested before the start of the competition and none tested positive. However, FIFA was criticised for its approach towards finding doping offences. ", "In May 2001 he scored his first Test century against Pakistan at Old Trafford . In December 2001, in Bangalore , Vaughan became the second Englishman, after Graham Gooch , and the 7th and most recent player in Test match history, to be given out handled the ball in Tests: on 64, he brushed away a ball from Sarandeep Singh , and was given out on appeal. [14]", "Michael Vaughan took over and, while keeping the emphasis as Hussain on fitness and control, encouraged players to express themselves. This especially brought the best out of Andrew Flintoff who, in a career blighted by serious injury managed a real purple patch of 18 months from 2004 to 2005 in which England won five consecutive test series prior to facing Australia in the 2005 Ashes series, taking the team to second place in the ICC Test Championship table. During this period England defeated the West Indies home and away, New Zealand, and Bangladesh at home, and South Africa in South Africa.", "Australia were seeking to win their first World Cup since 1987. Warne took 12 wickets in the preliminary phases of the tournament as Australia qualified for a semi-final against South Africa . While the match became notable for the dramatic fashion in which it finished, Warne was the man of the match, dismissing four key South African batsmen: Herschelle Gibbs , Gary Kirsten , Hansie Cronje and Jacques Kallis . [44] Australia faced Pakistan in the tournament's Final . Pakistan batted first, and were all out for only 132; Warne took 4/33. Australia chased down the target comfortably to win the World Cup. Warne was the tournament's joint top wicket-taker with Geoff Allott and was named the man of the match in the Final. [45]", "*Director John Sayles' Eight Men Out, a 1988 film based on Asinof's book, is a dramatization of the scandal, focusing largely on Buck Weaver (played by John Cusack) as the one banned player who did not take any money. Also starring in the film were Charlie Sheen (Hap Felsch), Michael Rooker (Chick Gandil), David Strathairn (Eddie Cicotte), John Mahoney (Kid Gleason), Christopher Lloyd (\"Sleepy\" Bill Burns), Clifton James (Charles Comiskey) and D. B. Sweeney as Shoeless Joe Jackson. Sayles himself portrayed sports writer Ring Lardner.", "Player Michael Hendry Mark Brown Ashley Hall Andrew Martin Greg Chalmers Steve Jones Scott Laycock Brett Rumford Aaron Townsend Peter Wilson Jason Norris Jason Scrivener James McLean Nick Cullen Jin Jeong David McKendrick Terry Pilkadaris Andre Stolz Scott Arnold Ryan Fox", "Douglas Robson, USA TODAY Sports Published 12:24 p.m. ET July 7, 2013 | Updated 7:57 a.m. ET July 8, 2013" ]

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[ "1989 Event - 109th U.S. Mens Tennis: Boris Becker beats Ivan Lendl (76 16 63 76)", "January 29, 1989 – Ivan Lendl wins his first Australian Open singles title and his seventh career major singles title defeating fellow Czech Miloslav Mecir 6-2, 6-2, 6-2 in the men’s singles final. The win guarantees that Lendl will take back the world No. 1 ranking from Mats Wilander, the man who took it from him by winning the U.S. Open the previous September. In women’s doubles, the top-seeded team of Martina Navratilova and Pam Shriver win their seventh Australian Open women’s doubles title with a 3-6, 6-3, 6-2 victory over Patty Fendick and Jill Hetherington. Shriver and Navratilova’s victory is their 20th major doubles title as a team.", "Regained the No. 1 spot in the men's rankings from Jim Courier with his U.S. Open win, while becoming the first player since Boris Becker in 1989 and the first American since John McEnroe in 1984 to win Wimbledon and the U.S. Open in the same year.", "Among the greatest male players of the Open era, with the number of career Grand Slam singles titles in parentheses, are: Pete Sampras (14), Roy Emerson (12), Rod Laver (11), Björn Borg (11), Roger Federer (9), Jimmy Connors (8), Ivan Lendl (8), Andre Agassi (8), John Newcombe (7), John McEnroe (7), Mats Wilander (7), Boris Becker (6), Stefan Edberg (6), Jim Courier (4), Guillermo Vilas (4), Arthur Ashe (3), Gustavo Kuerten (3), Stan Smith (2), Ilie Năstase (2), Lleyton Hewitt (2), Yevgeny Kafelnikov (2), Patrick Rafter (2), Marat Safin (2), and Rafael Nadal (2)", "Roger Federer was the defending champion, and won in the final 7–6(7–2), 6–4, 6–4, against Fernando González, becoming the first man since Björn Borg in 1980 to win a Grand Slam tournament without dropping a set and the first (and so far only) to do it in a Grand Slam played on hard courts. This was also the first Grand Slam appearance of future US Open champion Marin Čilić who lost in the first round.", "According to the ATP website, McEnroe had the edge in career matches on Jimmy Connors (20–14), Stefan Edberg (7–6), Mats Wilander (7–6), Michael Chang (4–1), Ilie Năstase (4–2), and Pat Cash (3–1). McEnroe was even with Björn Borg (7–7), Andre Agassi (2–2), and Michael Stich (1–1). He trailed against Pete Sampras (0–3), Goran Ivanišević (2–4), Boris Becker (2–8), Guillermo Vilas (5–6), Jim Courier (1–2), and Ivan Lendl (15–21). McEnroe won 12 of the last 14 matches with Connors, beginning with the 1983 Cincinnati tournament. Edberg won the last 5 matches with McEnroe, beginning with the 1989 tournament in Tokyo. McEnroe won 4 of the last 5 matches with Vilas, beginning with the 1981 tournament in Boca Raton, Florida. And Lendl won 11 of the last 12 matches with McEnroe, beginning with the 1985 US Open.", "The following year, Sampras slightly improved his ranking to a year-ending world number 81. He lost in the first round of the 1989 Australian Open to Christian Saceanu and the first round of Wimbledon to Todd Woodbridge. He won a Grand Slam singles match for the first time at the French Open, before losing in the second round to eventual champion, 17-year-old Michael Chang, in their first career match-up. At the US Open, Sampras defeated defending champion and fifth-seeded Mats Wilander in the second round before losing to World No. 13 Jay Berger in the fourth round. To end the year, Sampras lost in the first round of four consecutive tournaments. ", "Burst onto the scene at the 1989 U.S. Open as an 18-year-old, reaching the round of 16 defeating defending champion Mats Wilander in the second round 5-7, 6-3, 1-6, 6-1, 6-4.", "Björn Borg (Sweden) 1973-1983, 1991-1993: Held No. 1 for 109 weeks. Won 11 Grand Slams. Arch-rival of John McEnroe, he was nicknamed the Iceman because of his steely and cool demeanour on court, while his looks gained him a reputation as the first 'rockstar tennis player'. Borg won 6 titles at Roland Garros, surpassed only by Nadal, and his tireless baseline game was the model for clay-courters in the years to come. He was also noted for 5 consecutive Wimbledon titles, a record he watched Federer equal in spite of previously saying he never wanted it touched .", "In 1985 the unseeded West German Boris Becker seemed to come out of nowhere and win Wimbledon -- at 17, the youngest player ever to do so. Becker proved he was no fluke in 1986, winning Wimbledon again, defeating Ivan Lendl handily in straight sets. He would lose in 1988 to Stefan Edberg and then capture his third Wimbledon crown in 1989, having his revenge against Edberg with a straight-sets win. Becker would be on the losing end on Centre Court twice more, in 1990 and 1991, but clearly he was the dominant male player of the late '80s. By 1987 pundits were wondering where the future American tennis aces were. In 1980, six American men had been ranked in the Top Ten; in 1987 there were only two -- McEnroe and Connors, and their best days were behind them. The situation was so dire that the United States Tennis Association formed a panel to figure out how to develop new stars, with ideas ranging from academic scholarships to a national scouting program.", "Björn Rune Borg   (born June 6, 1956 , in Stockholm , Sweden ) is a former World No. 1 tennis player from Sweden regarded by some observers and tennis players as the greatest player in the sport's history. During a nine-year career, he won 41 percent of the Grand Slam singles tournaments he entered (11 of 27) and 89.8 percent of the Grand Slam singles matches he played. Both are male open era records. In addition, Borg's six French Open singles titles are an all-time record. He is the only player in the open era to have won both Wimbledon and the French Open in the same year more than once, as he won both in three consecutive years.", "In the 1980s, Miloslav Mecir, from Slovakia, represented the former Czechoslovakia. He was a defensive-minded player who could grind away matches and opponents. Mecir appeared in two Grand Slam finals, but was soundly defeated both times by Ivan Lendl. Mecir's appearance in the 1986 U.S. Open final was the last time a player used a wooden racket in a Major. He achieved a career best ranking at No. 4 and won the 1988 Olympics gold medal in singles.", "Björn Rune Borg (; born 6 June 1956) is a former world No. 1 tennis player from Sweden widely considered to be one of the greatest in tennis history. Between 1974 and 1981 he became the first male professional to win 11 Grand Slam open era singles titles: six at the French Open and five consecutive at Wimbledon. He also won three year-end championships and 15 Grand Prix Super Series titles.", "In 1979, McEnroe (with partner Peter Fleming) won the Wimbledon Doubles title, the duo later adding the 1979 US Open Doubles title to their haul as well. McEnroe won his first Grand Slam singles title at the US Open. He defeated his friend Vitas Gerulaitis in straight sets in the final to become the youngest male winner of the singles title at the US Open since Pancho Gonzales, who was also 20 in 1948. He also won the prestigious season-ending WCT Finals, beating Björn Borg in four sets. McEnroe won 10 singles and 17 doubles titles that year (for a total of 27 titles, which marked an open-era record).[citation needed]", "Shortly after that he retired, having won 62 singles (of 88 finals) and four pro career doubles titles, including the Masters of 1979-80, and $3,655,751. He was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1987. Nevertheless, he did try comebacks in 1991, 1992 and 1993, all unsuccessful. The balletic footwork and marvelous anticipation couldn't be coaxed to return with him, even though others had stayed afloat and earning at 35. He lost eight first-rounders in 1992, three in 1993. Bjorn's parting shot, in Moscow's Kremlin Cup, was as close as he got, holding a match point in a farewell tie-breaker while losing to Alexander Volkov, 4-6, 6-3, 7-6(9-7). Thereafter he confined himself to senior events, renewing his rivalry with Connors, against whom he had been 10-7. He was 7-7 lifetime against McEnroe. The U.S. Open was his particular jinx. He failed to win in 10 tries, losing four finals, 1976 and 1978 to Connors, and 1980 and 1981 to McEnroe. Thrice (1978-79-80) he was halfway to a Grand Slam after victories at the French and Wimbledon only to falter at the three-quarter pole at Flushing Meadow. His career singles win-loss record was 606-123 (.831).", "In 1979, McEnroe (with partner Peter Fleming) won the Wimbledon Doubles title, the duo later adding the 1979 US Open Doubles title to their haul as well. McEnroe won his first Grand Slam singles title at the US Open. He defeated his friend Vitas Gerulaitis in straight sets in the final to become the youngest male winner of the singles title at the US Open since Pancho Gonzales, who was also 20 in 1948. He also won the prestigious season-ending WCT Finals, beating Björn Borg in four sets. McEnroe won 10 singles and 17 doubles titles that year (for a total of 27 titles, which marked an open-era record).", "John Patrick McEnroe, Jr. (born February 16, 1959) is a former world no. 1 professional tennis player from the United States. During his career, he won seven Grand Slam singles titles (three at Wimbledon and four at the US Open), nine Grand Slam men's doubles titles, and one Grand Slam mixed doubles title. McEnroe also won a record eight season ending championships, comprising five WCT Finals titles and three Masters Grand Prix titles from twelve final appearances at these two events, a record he shares with Ivan Lendl. He posted the best single season win-loss record in the Open Era in 1984 at 96.47% (82/3). In addition he won 19 Championship Series top tier events of the Grand Prix Tour that were the precursors to the current Masters 1000.", "In 1989, McEnroe won a record fifth title at the World Championship Tennis Finals. He also won the Davidoff Swiss Indoors in Basel. In 1991, he won the last edition of the Volvo Tennis - Chicago tournament. He teamed with Michael Stich and won his fifth Wimbledon men’s doubles title in a record length - 5 hour 1 minute. At the end of 1992, McEnroe retired from the professional tour. He ended his singles career ranked 20th in the world.", "Lendl was the number one player in 1985, 1986, 1987, and 1989.  His only interruption came at the hand of Mats Wilander who knocked him off his perch temporarily in 1988.", "1996 Summer Olympics champion. He and Steffi Graf are the only players in history to win all four Grand Slam singles titles and an Olympic gold medal.", "In 1979, McEnroe (with partner Peter Fleming) won the Wimbledon Doubles title, the duo later adding the 1979 US Open Doubles title to their haul as well. McEnroe won his first Grand Slam singles title at the US Open. He defeated his friend Vitas Gerulaitis in straight sets in the final to become the youngest male winner of the singles title at the US Open since Pancho Gonzales, who was also 20 in 1948. He also won the prestigious season-ending WCT Finals, beating Bjorn Borg in four sets. McEnroe won 10 singles and 17 doubles titles that year (for a total of 27 titles, which marked an open-era record).", "Monica Seles (, ,, born December 2, 1973) is a former Yugoslav world no. 1 professional tennis player and a member of the International Tennis Hall of Fame. An ethnic Hungarian, she was born and raised in Novi Sad, SFR Yugoslavia. She became a naturalized American citizen in 1994 and also received Hungarian citizenship in June 2007. She won nine Grand Slam singles titles, eight of them while a citizen of Yugoslavia and the final as a citizen of United States of America. In 1990, Seles became the youngest-ever French Open champion at the age of 16. She went on to win eight Grand Slam singles titles before her 20th birthday and was the year-end World No. 1 in 1991 and 1992. However, on April 30, 1993, she was the victim of an on-court attack, when a man stabbed her in the back with a 9 in long knife; Seles did not return to tennis for over two years. Though she enjoyed some success after rejoining the tour in 1995, including a fourth Australian Open title in 1996, she was unable to consistently reproduce her best form. She played her last professional match at the 2003 French Open, but did not officially retire until February 2008.", "1981 - McEnroe becomes the first player to win three straight US men’s singles titles since Bill Tilden won six straight titles from 1920 to 1925. McEnroe defeats Bjorn Borg in the final 4-6, 6-2, 6-4, 6-3 and practically sends Borg into retirement, as the Swede never again plays another Grand Slam tournament.", "John Patrick McEnroe Jr. (born February 16, 1959) is an American former World No. 1 professional tennis player, often rated among the greatest of all time in the sport, especially for his touch on the volley. He won seven Grand Slam singles titles (three at Wimbledon and four at the US Open), nine Grand Slam men's doubles titles, and one Grand Slam mixed doubles title. He also won a record eight year-end championships, 19 Grand Prix Super Series titles, and finished his career with 77 ATP-listed singles titles and 78 in doubles.", "6 h 04 Davis Cup 1989, quarterfinal (AUT v SWE): Horst Skoff def. Mats Wilander, 6–7(5–7), 7–6(9–7), 1–6, 6–4, 9–7 (1 day).", "John Patrick McEnroe, Jr. is a former World No. 1 professional tennis player from the United States. During his career, he won seven Grand Slam singles titles – three at Wimbledon and four at the US Open. He is well remembered for his shot-making artistry, for his series of classic encounters with Björn Borg, for his fiery on-court temperament (which frequently got him into trouble), and for the catchphrase \"You cannot be serious!\".", "John Donald (\"Don\" or \"Donnie\") Budge (June 13, 1915 – January 26, 2000) was an American tennis champion who was a World No. 1 player for five years, first as an amateur and then as a professional. He is most famous as the first player, male or female, and only American male to win in a single year the four tournaments that comprise the Grand Slam of tennis and second male player to win all four Grand Slams in his career after Fred Perry, and is still the youngest to achieve that feat. He won 10 majors, of which six were Grand Slams (consecutively, male record) and four Pro Slams, the latter achieved on three different surfaces. Budge was considered to have the best backhand in the history of tennis, at least until the emergence of Ken Rosewall in the 1950s and 1960s.", "* Tennis player Andrés Gómez, who won the ATP Championship of Roland Garros in Paris, France in 1990", "In 1989, who became the youngest male tennis player to win a Grand Slam, winning the French Open at 17 years 4 months?", "John McEnroe (USA) 1978-1992: Held No. 1 for 170 weeks. Won 7 Grand Slam singles titles and 10 doubles. He was a devastating serve and volleyer, but is best remembered for his notorious temper , frequent misconduct and especially the Catch Phrase \"You cannot be serious!\"note  You can't be serious, man. You canNOT BE SERIOUS. That ball was ON THE LINE. CHALK FLEW UP. It was CLEARLY IN. How can you POSSIBLY CALL THAT OUT? He's walking over, EVERYONE knows it's in, in the WHOLE STADIUM and YOU CALL IT OUT? You guys are the absolute PITS of the world. . He is the only player in the Open Era to be disqualified from a Grand Slam for Unsportsmanlike Conduct; the 1980 Australian Open, where one of his offences was staring at a line judge . Naturally he was quite a divisive figure, but is now more widely loved for his personality and continued passion for the sport. Regularly commentates on Grand Slam tournaments and is known to be creepily accurate in his predictions.", "Held at The Belfry in Europe, the 1989 Ryder Cup saw the rising of tensions in the series. After holding the cup for more than two decades, the United States team lost both the 1985 and 1987 matches. At the 1989 matches, the pressure was on the United States team and its captain, Raymond Floyd. At a pre-match opening celebration, Floyd slighted the European team by introducing his United States team as \"the 12 greatest players in the world.\"", "The list of male winners and runner-ups of Wimbledon Open tennis championship during 1989-1980 is as follow:" ]

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[ "Since 1992, basketball has exploded in popularity around the globe, rising to a place where it truly challenges soccer's status as the world's most popular sport. Much of that is due to the impact of the Dream Team, which attracted fans and followers wherever it went.", "The Dream Team, which included Michael Jordan, Magic Johnson, Larry Bird, David Robinson, and Patrick Ewing, to no one's surprise, took the gold medal in basketball. A final step toward commercialization was taken in 1992, when the IOC decided not to have the Winter and Summer Olympics in the same year. This way the take from business advertising expenditures could be maximized by not having to stretch corporate promotional budgets to cover two large competitions in the same year. 39", "In 1992 at the Barcelona Games, famous players from the National Basketball Association (NBA) were allowed for the first time to represent the USA. This team, known as the “Dream Team”in the international media, was undoubtedly the best basketball team ever formed. It delighted the public and widely dominated the Olympic tournament in 1992.", "The NBA has helped popularize basketball all over the world. A large part of this is due to the transcendent stars that have played the game through the years. It was because of the play of Michael Jordan basketball started to reach international audiences, especially on the 1992 United States men's Olympic basketball team, known as the Dream Team.", "The competition was excellent. For the first time since 1972, all the major nations of the world attended. The most publicized athletes were the American basketball players. The U.S. was allowed to use professional players from the NBA (National Basketball Association), since all the other nations were by now using professionals. The NBA All-Star team, nicknamed \"The Dream Team\", did not disappoint, putting on a clinic for all nations and winning the gold medal unchallenged. They were led by professional greats [Magic Johnson], [Michael Jordan], and [Larry Bird], among others.", "The original Dream Team, the U.S. basketball team that won the gold medal at the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona, was a phenomenon on and off the court. It mattered not that it dominated the Olympic competition, beating its eight opponents by an average of 44 points. What was important was that the Dream Team, the first U.S. Olympic team to include NBA stars, gave fans a glimpse of basketball at its finest, and an entire world responded.", "Not just a dream team, but The Dream Team to which all others doth their caps. At Barcelona in 1992, a new ruling allowing professional basketball players to represent their countries allowed Uncle Sam to cherry-pick, among others, Michael Jordan, Larry Bird, Magic Johnson, Scottie Pippen and Charles Barkley. The result was as exhilaratingly one-sided as you would expect.", "The U.S. Dream Team of Michael Jordan, Magic Johnson and Larry Bird helped bring professional basketball to the Olympics and raised the profile of their sport around the world. So dominant was the U.S. that coach Chuck Daly never called a timeout.", "No master plan has governed the process of sports globalization. Throughout the period of Western imperialism that reached its apogee in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, colonized peoples were often forced to adopt Western sports. (This was especially true at missionary schools.) More often than not, however, politically and economically colonized peoples were motivated by emulation. Anglophile Argentines formed football teams not because they were coerced to play but rather because football was the game played by the English whom they admired. More recently, however, as transnational corporations have sought to sell every kind of product to every reachable consumer, modern sports have been systematically marketed to the entire world, not only as sources of pleasure but also as signs of distinction, prestige, and power.", "The 1992 Olympic basketball Dream Team, the first to use current NBA stars, featured Michael Jordan as the anchor, along with Bird, Johnson, David Robinson, Patrick Ewing, Scottie Pippen, Clyde Drexler, Karl Malone, John Stockton, Chris Mullin, Charles Barkley, and Christian Laettner. Eleven players on the Dream Team have been inducted individually into the Basketball Hall of Fame.", "Sportive activities are one of the most universal forms of play. Different continents have their own popular/dominant sports. For example, European, South American, and African countries enjoy soccer (also known as ‘football’ in Europe), while North American countries prefer basketball, ice hockey, baseball, or American football. In Asia, sports such as table tennis and badminton are played professionally; however soccer and basketball are played amongst common folks. Events such as The Olympics Games and FIFA World Cup showcase countries competing with each other and are broadcast all over the world.", "Olympic rivalries Olympic basketball was dominated by the USA from 1936 onwards, but during the Cold War, the USSR team increasingly challenged the US team, and finally ended its streak of 62 Olympic match wins at the 1972 Munich Olympics. From 1989, professional players from the NBA were allowed to participate in the Olympics, and the so-called “Dream Team” of US professionals strolled to gold at Barcelona 1992. A hastily assembled US squad arrived at Athens 2004, professional stars having pulled out, but lost to Puerto Rico and Lithuania: Argentina took gold. Women’s basketball has been included at the Olympics since 1976, but has also been dominated by a USA–USSR rivalry. The USA had won six gold medals to the USSR/Russia’s three by the end of the 2008 Games. USA vs. USSR at the 1988 Olympics.", "38 the newly globalized future of world cultures and world markets, it is important to investigate how the sport of basketball has remain ed a site of national identity formation even as the game functions as a marker of global competition and commercialization. In a visual game like basketball, where the players wear a modicum of obfuscating padding and uniforms, there is a wealth of nonve rbal communication directly between the players and the fans watching on television or attending the game in person. The intimacy of the indoor game with the fans seated mere feet from the action, combined with the bared flesh and raw emotions of a hectic sport, make basketball an appealing palette from which to draw colorful conclusions about American culture and society. As the ambassadors of an American sport with a legitimate claim to the only truly global competition in any sport, basketball stars are worthy sites for cultural analysis in sociology and media studies. In order to establish stronger ties in the study of mass communication and sports, it is worth attempting to anchor the original American semiotics of Charles Pierce to the original America n sport of basketball.", "5pm onwards: Men’s basketball semi-finals, with Spain v Russia at 5pm and US v Argentina at 9pm. The American dream team remain unbeaten, and broke an Olympic record by scoring 156 points against Nigeria last week. Needless to say they are the favourites to take gold in Sunday's final.", "In 1989, through the leadership of President Borislav Stanković, FIBA approved the rule that allowed NBA players to compete in international tournaments, including the Olympics. In the next Olympics in 1992, the \"Dream Team\" won the gold medal with an average winning margin of 44 points, and without calling a time out. By this time, the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia no longer existed, but their successors continued to be among the leading forces. Two newly independent countries, Croatia and Lithuania, won the silver and bronze medals respectively.", "The NBA is a global sports and media business built around three professional sports leagues–the National Basketball Association, the Women's National Basketball Association and the NBA Development League. The league has established a major international presence with games and programming in 215 countries and territories in 47 languages and NBA merchandise for sale in more than 125,000 stores in 100 countries on six continents.", "There have been many international players who helped globalize the game. Most noticeable would be Yao Ming. He was the first ever Chinese player to be selected with the number one overall pick in 2002 by the Houston Rockets. His play and presence in the NBA brought attention to basketball in Asian countries.", "\"There are so many great sports in America,\" he said. \"There are so many kids that play baseball, American football, basketball. But soccer is huge all around the world apart from America, so that's where I want to make a difference with the kids.\"", "The International Basketball Federation, more commonly known as FIBA, FIBA World, or FIBA International ( ), from its French name Fédération Internationale de Basket-ball, is an association of national organizations which governs international competition in basketball. Originally known as the Fédération Internationale de Basketball Amateur (hence FIBA), in 1989 it dropped the word Amateur from its official name but retained the acronym; the \"BA\" now represents the first two letters of basketball.", "Basketball lays claim to be one of the most popular sports in the world. Its accessibility and informality allow anyone to have a go. The basketball hoop on the garage or gable wall, or the confined space in a mid-Manhattan neighborhood, can attract people of all ages, sizes, and skills, including President Obama and his White House staff. At the high-performance level, the sport is less accessible. The average height of the USA’s National Basketball Association (NBA) male player in 2008 was almost 6 foot 7 inches (200.6 cm). Nearly 16 million people each year are drawn to a professional game that combines superb athleticism with manual dexterity, played at dazzling speed in a confined space, guaranteeing high-scores, achieved with considerable showmanship. The US professional game is a product of the sports–media alliances that emerged when the Basketball Association of America and the National Basketball League merged to form the NBA in 1949. It has offered a route to riches and fame for players from African American backgrounds in particular, and promotes a street", "The National Basketball Association has sporadically participated in international club competitions. From 1987 to 1999 the NBA champions played against the continental champions of the Fédération Internationale de Basketball (FIBA) in the McDonald's Championship. This tournament was won by the NBA invitee every year it was held. ", "In 1992, Bird and Magic united for a celebratory lap on the Olympic Dream Team, joining Michael Jordan, Charles Barkley and a raft of other superstars (11 of the 12 players on the team—sorry, Christian Laettner—were elected to the Hall of Fame).", "Unlike the NFL, the NBA is home to many players from outside the United States. This adds an interesting element to the league. Where would the Spurs be without Tony Parker and Manu Ginobili? The Mavs without Dirk Nowitzki? These overseas ballers have real talent and the NBA is really starting to embrace this fact. Below, the non-US countries that have produced NBA players.", "There are a number of regional variations on the standard rules and scoring systems. Round the Clock is a variation that involves hitting the numbers in sequence. [11] Jumpers is a variation played in Asia. [12]", "3) Other nations in the Pan-American region have improved their programs substantially. Brazil, and to a lesser extent, Argentina, have dramatically improved their programs from top to bottom. In the 80’s and 90’s a team of great, raw athletes could be recruited, assembled, taught the game and have a reasonable expectation that they could beat the other Pan-American Teams that used the same model. As recent results would attest, this is no longer possible.", "Group B is much stronger and those teams will beat each other up in preliminary play. Spain will have Pau Gasol and possibly Marc Gasol, who had NBA season-ending foot surgery in February and hasn’t been medically cleared to play, as well as a few other current and ex-NBA players. But with Cousins and Jordan, USA has the needed size to counter the Gasol brothers. Lithuania will have a handful of NBA players, too, but no All-Stars. Argentina and Manu Ginobili, 38, are too old to compete like they used to. Brazil will have the home crowd and some NBA players, but is not good enough to win gold, either. Nigeria? Ask again in eight years. Three more teams will qualify in early July, but they’re unlikely to pose much of a threat to the United States, either.", "Did you know that in 1993, Mannie Jackson became the first African-American to own a sports/ entertainment organization with his purchase of the Globetrotters?", "This year’s show promises more incredible ball handling, trick shots, and side-splitting comedy than ever before. The Globetrotters’ arch rivals, the Washington Generals, are desperate for a win. Sources tell us they have a cunning new plan of attack and will stop at nothing to come out on top at the end of the game…", "The USA once again claimed Olympic gold in 2012 in London, posting a 107-100 win over Spain in the final. While some experts speculated that outside shooting could be the downfall of the 2012 squad, Coach K and his staff gave the players the confidence to take open shots against international teams’ zone defenses. The group, led by Kevin Durant and Carmelo Anthony, responded by setting an Olympic record with 129 three-point field goals and shooting 44.0 percent from three-point range during the tournament. Team USA’s finest shooting performance came in a 156-73 win over Nigeria in pool play. Krzyzewski’s group set Olympic records for three-pointers (29, including 10 from Anthony), three-point percentage (.630) and points scored (156) in the win.", "The US become the first team to win the title three times. Coincidentally, the day prior was the Independence Day holiday and the celebration of the country's 239th birthday. ", "Other notable draft picks by the Globetrotters include: Sun Mingming (2007), Patrick Ewing, Jr. (2008), Sonny Weems (2008), Taylor Griffin (2009), Tim Howard (2009), Mark Titus (2010), Lionel Messi (2011), Andrew Goudelock (2011), Mariano Rivera (2013), Brittney Griner (2013), Landon Donovan (2014), Mo'ne Davis (2015), Dude Perfect (2015). ", "\"In 1992, the USA had the best players ever. Here they are great players, too, but they are young and they never played internationally, so with different rules it's a whole different thing,\" said Ginobili, who also plays for the San Antonio Spurs. \"The rest of the world is getting better and the States isn't bringing their best players.\"" ]

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[ "Vitali Volodymyrovych Klitschko (/vɨˈt�li ˈklɪtʃkoʊ/; Ukrainian: Віта́лій Володи́мирович Кличко́, ; born 19 July 1971 in Belovodsk, Kyrgyzstan) is a Ukrainian politician and former professional boxer. He is the leader of the Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform and a Member of the Ukrainian Parliament. He is the former WBC, WBO and The Ring magazine heavyweight champion and has been conferred as Champion Emeritus by the WBC. Klitschko became actively involved in Ukrainian politics in 2005 and combined this with his professional boxing career until his departure from boxing mid-December 2013. He has stated that he is not officially retired, and will not rule out a return in the future. Klitschko was the first professional boxing world champion to hold a PhD degree.", "Klitschko was born in Semipalatinsk , Kazakh SSR (now Semey, Kazakhstan ). [2] [3] [4] Though a celebrity in his former adopted home of Germany , he moved with his older brother Vitali to Beverly Hills , California , USA , in 2004. Their father, Vladimir Rodionovich Klitschko (1947–2011), was a Soviet Air Force major general and a military attaché of Ukraine in Germany. He was also one of the commanders in charge of cleaning up the effects of the Chernobyl disaster in 1986 and was afterward diagnosed with cancer. Their mother is Nadezhda Ulyanovna. [5]", "Klitschko was born in Semipalatinsk (now Semey, Kazakhstan ). [3] [4] [5] Though a celebrity in his former adopted home of Germany , he moved with his older brother Vitali to Beverly Hills , California , USA , in 2004. Their father, Vladimir Rodionovich Klitschko (1947–2011), was a Soviet Air Force major general and a military attaché of Ukraine in Germany. He was also one of the commanders in charge of cleaning up the effects of the Chernobyl disaster in 1986 and was afterward diagnosed with cancer. Their mother is Nadezhda Ulyanovna. [6]", "Wladimir Klitschko, in many ways, is like a man without a country. Of course, I mean this figuratively because Klitschko literally represented his native Ukraine at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics where he won gold in the super heavyweight division. ", "Klitschko was born in Semipalatinsk (now Semey, Kazakhstan). Though a celebrity in his former adopted home of Germany, he moved with his older brother Vitali to Beverly Hills, California, USA, in 2004. Their father, Volodymyr Rodionovych, was a Soviet Air Force Colonel. Their mother is Nadezhda Ulyanovna.", "Born in Semey, Kazakhstan to a Soviet helicopter pilot (Vitali born 19 July 1971; Wladimir, 25 March 1976), the Klitschko boys’ first taste of combat sports came when Vitali, inspired by American karate and action films, took up kickboxing.", "Vitali Klitschko's first WBC title defence was against British boxer Danny Williams. Williams had become suddenly marketable from a KO over Mike Tyson in round 4. Klitschko scored a technical knockout against Williams in 8 rounds on 11 December 2004, while wearing an orange cloth to show support for the Ukrainian presidential opposition movement. Klitschko knocked Williams down in the 1st, 3rd, 7th, and 8th rounds before the fight was stopped. Immediately afterward, Klitschko dedicated his victory to democracy in his native Ukraine, and also to the Ukrainian presidential candidate Viktor Yushchenko, whom he supported in the 26 December 2004, election revote.", "Wladimir Klitschko ( ; born 25 March 1976) is a Ukrainian professional boxer. He is a former world heavyweight champion of four sanctioning bodies, having held the titles of the WBA, IBF, WBO (twice), and IBO, in addition to holding the lineal championship, and being recognized by The Ring magazine as its world heavyweight champion. A highly strategic boxer, Klitschko is considered to be one of the greatest heavyweight champions of all time, and is also thought to be among the hardest punching knockout artists in the history of the division, with his strong jab, straight right hand and left hook being his best weapons. ", "As an amateur, Klitschko represented Ukraine at the 1996 Olympics, winning a gold medal in the super-heavyweight division. After turning professional later that year, he defeated Chris Byrd in 2000 to win the WBO heavyweight title. Klitschko's first reign as champion ended in an upset knockout loss to Corrie Sanders in 2003, which was followed by another knockout loss to Lamon Brewster in 2004. It was during this time that Klitschko hired Emmanuel Steward as his trainer, which began an eight-year partnership that lasted until Steward's death in 2012. In particular, Steward was credited with Klitschko's transition from an aggressive puncher to a more defensively-oriented boxer, just as he had done with Lennox Lewis in 1995–2003.", "Klitschko began his professional boxing career in 1996, winning his first twenty-four fights by either early knockout or technical knockout (TKO). He and Wladimir signed with the German athlete-promotion company Universum . With both brothers holding PhDs and being multilingual, their refined and articulate personalities made for mainstream marketability when they moved to Germany and Universum. In time, they became national celebrities in their adopted home country. In his 25th pro fight, on 26 June 1999, Klitschko won the WBO Heavyweight title from Herbie Hide of the United Kingdom by a second round knockout.", "Klitschko began his professional boxing career in 1996, winning his first twenty-four fights by either early knockout or technical knockout. He and Wladimir signed with the German athlete-promotion company Universum. With both brothers holding PhDs and being multilingual, their refined and articulate personalities made for mainstream marketability when they moved to Germany and Universum. In time, they became national celebrities in their adopted home country. In his 25th pro fight on 26 June 1999, Klitschko won the WBO Heavyweight title from Herbie Hide of the United Kingdom by a second round knockout. He successfully defended the title twice. He defeated Ed Mahone by knockout in the third round and beat Obed Sullivan, who retired after the ninth round.", "Klitschko, a 1996 Ukrainian Olympic gold medalist, moved to 24-2 overall in world title fights. With the victory in hand, Klitschko will return to the United States to be with his fiance, actress Hayden Panettiere. She is usually a fixture at ringside for his fights but was not in Hamburg as she is due to give birth to their first child, a daughter, in about two weeks.", "On 2 July 2012, it was announced that Vitali Klitschko will defend his WBC Heavyweight title on 8 September at the Olympic Indoor Arena in Moscow, Russia. His opponent for the fight was the then undefeated Manuel Charr 21�0 (11 KO). Klitschko won the fight via technical knockout when Charr had to be stopped due to a cut received from Vitali's punches.", "Klitschko won the super heavyweight championship at the first World Military Games in Italy in 1995. Vitali won the silver medal at the 1995 World Amateur Boxing Championships in Berlin, Germany, where he was defeated by Russia's Alexei Lezin in the final. In his autobiography, published in Germany in 2004, the boxer revealed that he tested positive for a banned steroid in 1996. He attributed the presence of the drug to treatment of a leg injury but was dismissed from the Ukranian boxing team and missed the Atlanta Olympics.", "On 29 May 2010, Vitali Klitschko defeated Polish heavyweight contender Albert Sosnowski by KO at 2:30 in round 10 of 12. Sosnowski was knocked down by a right hand in the 10th round, prompting referee Jay Nady to immediately wave off the fight. The fight took place at Veltins Arena, Gelsenkirchen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany.", "What the Klitschko brothers, Vitali and Wladimir, would give for a Ken Norton now? A magnificent athletic specimen from the United States with hands to shape their greatness.", "Klitschko defended his belts in Hamburg on 10 November 2012 via one sided unanimous decision. His opponent for the fight was former undefeated 27–0 (15 KO) polish contender Mariusz Wach . The fight with Wach was the first time in his 16-year pro career he had faced an opponent taller than himself. [40] At 2.02 metres tall with a reach of 2.08 metres, the Kraków-born Wach, who is based in the United States, is 4 centimetres taller than Klitschko with a reach two centimeters longer. [41]", "On 24 February 2010, Klitschko stated that 2010 will be his final year as a professional boxer. Klitschko then defended his WBC belt against Albert Sosnowski on May 29 in Gelsenkirchen, Germany. Klitschko won the fight by knockout in the 10th round, against a brave but limited opponent. With the fourth defence of his WBC crown, Vitali improved his record to 40–2, with 38 of his wins coming by knockout.", "IBF/WBO/IBO heavyweight champion Wladimir Klitschko (54-3, 48 KOs) scored a spectacular twelfth round KO over Eddie Chambers (35-2, 18 KOs) on Saturday night before 51,000 at the Esprit Arena in D&#252;sseldorf, Germany. Klitschko was dominant from the beginning. After Chambers body slammed Klitschko in round two, Klitschko rocked Chambers with a right hand. Punches were far and few between for Chambers who went into пїЅClottey modeпїЅ as the champion broke him down", "Klitschko's father was a Soviet military pilot, and the young Vitali grew up on military bases across the former Soviet Union, moving from the Central Asian steppes to the Baltic before settling in Kiev in 1984 as a teenager. With its chiselled features and sombre expression, Klitschko's face could come from a Stalin-era poster extolling the Soviet sporting hero,and his aura of moral grounding and sincerity certainly came across during his boxing career. He cut an unusually polite figure in a milieu normally associated with hubris and puerile bravado. Klitschko recalls a fight against Briton Richard Vince, in Norwich, back in 1994. It was before he had become boxing world champion and was instead tearing up the kickboxing circuit, and he travelled to Britain for a world title fight in the sport.", "Haye's trainer, Adam Booth, indicated that Haye would be willing to accept the challenge. Both sides began negotiations for a potential fight and the bout was targeted for September. As the negotiations continued to move forward, the unification fight between Klitschko and Haye was expected to take place in Germany rather than England. The IBF set a deadline to end negotiations on 17 May. A few days before the deadline to make the unification bout, Haye said he was interested in fighting the older Klitschko, Vitali, rather than Wladimir. The fight did not materialize and Klitschko was set to take on mandatory challenger Alexander Povetkin. On 17 May 2010, the 30-day period of negotiation began for Klitschko to defend his championship against Povetkin. Within this period, discussions to make a fight with Haye were still ongoing. ", "The fight did not materialise and Klitschko took on mandatory challenger Alexander Povetkin. On May 17, 2010, the 30-day period of negotiation began for Klitschko to defend his championship against Povetkin. Within this period, discussions to make a fight with Haye were still ongoing. At first, the bout between Klitschko and Povetkin was tentatively scheduled to take place in Frankfurt, Hessen, Germany, on September 11, 2010. In July 2010, it was confirmed that the bout would be taking place in Frankfurt. However, Povetkin, under trainer Teddy Atlas, backed out of the $2 million purse fight. Samuel Peter replaced Povetkin for the scheduled fight. Peter fought Klitschko on September 11, 2010, for the Ukrainian's IBF, WBO and IBO heavyweight titles. Klitschko won again, by knocking out Peter in the 10th round. Peter weighed in at 241 pounds, two pounds lighter than their first fight. Klitschko came in at a career heavy of 247 pounds.", "Following the match with Chambers, a unification fight between Klitschko and David Haye, who as of May 2009 held the WBA title, appeared to be in the offing. Klitschko called out the Briton on YouTube in April 2010, stating, \"I want to send this message to boxing fans and directly to David Haye. David, you've bitched out on fighting both Klitschko brothers twice already and now's the time to make it happen. On behalf of the boxing fans around the world, I am officially calling you out to fight me. You can't run away from me forever and you need to follow through with this fight if you want to be respected. I'm ready. What're you waiting for?\" Haye's trainer, Adam Booth, has indicated that Haye would be willing to accept the challenge. Both sides began negotiations for a potential fight and the bout was targeted for September. As the negotiations continued to move forward, the unification fight between Klitschko and Haye was expected to take place in Germany rather than England. The IBF set a deadline to end negotiations on 17 May. A few days before the 17 May deadline to make the unification bout, Haye said he was interested in fighting the older Klitschko, Vitali, rather than Vladimir.", "Originally Klitschko was an amateur kickboxer . In 1992 he was knocked out by a spin kick to the jaw [6] in the final of the European Kickboxing Championships +89 kg light contact division by Englishman Pelé Reid .[ dubious – discuss ] In 1993 he defeated Ryushi Yanagisawa in the Japanese mixed martial arts promotion Pancrase under WKA Special Rules (no low kicks) via R5 decision. In 1994 he defeated Richard Vince by second round KO to retain his ISKA World Super Heavyweight title.Vince was out for at least 3 minutes. [7] In 1996 he turned professional and compiled a record of 34–1 with 22 knockouts. He was a world champion six times (professional and amateur). [8]", "Vitali Klitschko is married to Natalia Egorova, a former athlete and model. They met in Kyiv and got married on 26 April 1996. He has three children, Yegor-Daniel, Elizabeth-Victoria and Max (named after the former World Heavyweight Champion Max Schmeling). ", "WBC heavyweight champion Vitali Klitschko (43-2, 40 KOs), 40-years-old, is splitting his time between boxing and politics. It is no secret that Vitali is reaching the end of his boxing career, and plans to devote himself fully to his political party UDAR. Vitali will defend his WBC crown on February 18 in Munich skirmish against Dereck Chisora (15-2, 9 KOs). The next possible opponent could be WBA world champion David Haye read more ...", "Less than two weeks after the fight appeared to be dead, a deal structure has been reached for IBF/WBO heavyweight chmapion Wladimir Klitschko to face David Haye on June 20 in Europes. The two sides were in a dispute over the site. Haye wanted the fight in New York's Madison Square Garden and Klitschko wanted the fight to take place in Europe, where both fighters have bigger names and can draw more money", "Klitschko is married to Natalia Egorova, a former athlete and model. They met in Kiev and got married on 26 April 1996. He has three children, Yegor-Daniel, Elizabeth-Victoria and Max (named after the former World Heavyweight Champion Max Schmeling ). [71] [72]", "Wladimir Klitschko (left) beat American Chris Byrd in October 2000 to win his first WBO heavyweight tile ", "Wladimir Klitschko, Vitali's younger brother, got back into contention when he beat Samuel Peter in a unanimous decision in September in an IBF elimination bout. The victory made Wladimir the mandatory challenger to IBF champion Chris Byrd.", "Vitali Klitschko (45-2, 41 KO’s) was the first to strike with world title gold, in 1999 with his victory over Herbie Hide he walked away with the WBO world heavyweight belt. Vitali, 43 years old, went on to lose the title in his first career-defeat, at the hands of Chris Byrd . In 2004, 6-foot 7.5-inch Dr. Ironfist lifted the vacant WBC title with a win over Corrie Sanders and held it until 2004, and again, after returning from a knee injury, from 2008 to 2013, when Vitali retired.", "In 2006, Klitschko regained a portion of the world heavyweight championship after stopping Chris Byrd in a rematch to win the IBF and IBO titles. He then won the WBO title for a second time by defeating then-undefeated champion Sultan Ibragimov in 2008. Klitschko was awarded the Ring and lineal titles following his defeat of Ruslan Chagaev in 2009, and lastly he won the WBA title from David Haye in 2011. Until his defeat by Tyson Fury in 2015, Klitschko was also recognized as champion by the Transnational Boxing Rankings Board, while the WBA recognized him as one of its \"Super Champions\", a distinction given to boxers who hold that title in addition to those by other sanctioning bodies in the same division." ]

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[ "Michael Jordan is considered by most experts to be the greatest basketball player of all-time. He played collegiately at the University of North Carolina, where he helped that team win an NCAA championship in 1982 and also won gold at the Pan American Games in the same year. In 1984, Jordan led the United States to an Olympic gold medal. Turning to professional basketball after his junior year in college, he became the greatest player in the NBA (National Basketball Association). In 1991, Jordan finally achieved his greatest thrill, leading the Chicago Bulls to an NBA Championship, and completing his Triple Crown of titles – NCAA, NBA, and Olympic. Jordan eventually led the Bulls to six NBA titles (1991-1993, 1996-1998). In 1992, Jordan also played on the Dream Team which won the basketball gold medal at Barcelona. He could also have played in 1996 but chose not to do so. Jordan retired briefly at the beginning of the 1993-94 NBA season, taking a short fling at playing minor league baseball, but returned to basketball at the end of the 1995 season. He retired again after helping the Chicago Bulls win their sixth NBA title in the spring of 1998. However, Jordan came out of retirement to play for the Washington Wizards in the 2001-03 NBA seasons.", "Jordan was recruited by numerous college basketball programs, including Duke, North Carolina, South Carolina, Syracuse, and Virginia.[13] In 1981, Jordan accepted a basketball scholarship to North Carolina, where he majored in cultural geography", "Michael Jordan was born February 17, 1963. Accepting a basketball scholarship to the University of North Carolina, he became the second Tarheel freshman to start every game. Jordan was named Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) Rookie of the Year and won the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) championship in 1982. He led the ACC in scoring and was named college player of the year in 1983 and 1984. Jordan left North Carolina after his junior year and was drafted by the Chicago Bulls as the third overall pick of the 1984 draft.", "Jordan was recruited by numerous college basketball programs, including Duke, North Carolina, South Carolina, Syracuse, and Virginia. In 1981, Jordan accepted a basketball scholarship to North Carolina, where he majored in cultural geography. ", "After a stand-out career at the University of North Carolina, Jordan joined the NBA's Chicago Bulls in 1984. He quickly emerged as one of the stars of the league, entertaining crowds with his prolific scoring. His leaping ability, illustrated by performing slam dunks from the free throw line at Slam Dunk Contests, earned him the nicknames \"Air Jordan\" and \"His Airness\". He also gained a reputation as one of the best defensive players in basketball. In 1991, he won his first NBA championship with the Bulls, and followed that achievement with titles in 1992 and 1993, securing a \"three-peat\". Though Jordan abruptly left the NBA at the beginning of the 1993-94 NBA season to pursue a career in baseball, he rejoined the Bulls in 1995 and led them to three additional championships (1996, 1997, and 1998) as well as an NBA-record 72 regular-season wins in the 1995--96 season. Jordan retired for a second time in 1999, but he returned for two more NBA seasons in 2001 as a member of the Washington Wizards.", "A Tar Heel at heart, the high school All-American attended the University of North Carolina. As a freshman, he played somewhat in the shadows of upperclassmen James Worthy and Sam Perkins. However, he shone in the spotlight of the NCAA Championship game against Georgetown and another great freshman Patrick Ewing , whom he would foil future NBA championships for as well. Jordan scored 16 points, grabbed nine rebounds and made the winning basket on a 16-foot jumper with 18 seconds in the game for the 63-62 victory.", "Jordan was selected as College player of the year for the 1983-1984 season. Jordan left college after two more seasons with the Tar Heels in 1984 to play for the NBA. He was selected third overall pick by the Chicago Bulls in the NBA draft.", "Announcer : And now, the player coach of the Toon Squad, at six foot six from North Carolina, his Royal Airness: Michael Jordan!", "Jordan attended Emsley A. Laney High School in Wilmington, where he anchored his athletic career by playing baseball, football, and basketball. He tried out for the varsity basketball team during his sophomore year, but at 5'11\" (1.80 m), he was deemed too short to play at that level. His taller friend, Harvest Leroy Smith, was the only sophomore to make the team.[9]", "On October 6, 1993, Jordan announced his retirement, citing a loss of desire to play the game. Jordan later stated that the murder of his father earlier in the year also shaped his decision. Jordan's father was murdered on July 23, 1993, at a highway rest area in Lumberton, North Carolina, by two teenagers, Daniel Green and Larry Martin Demery. The assailants were traced from calls they made on James Jordan's cellular phone, caught, convicted, and sentenced to life in prison. Jordan was close to his father; as a child he had imitated his father's proclivity to stick out his tongue while absorbed in work. He later adopted it as his own signature, displaying it each time he drove to the basket. In 1996, he founded a Chicago area Boys & Girls Club and dedicated it to his father. ", "The Jordan family moved to North Carolina when Michael Jordan was very small and he grew up in Wilmington.", "The Houston Rockets selected 7-0 center Hakeem Olajuwon form the University of Houston with the No.1 pick, which most expected. The Portland Trail Blazers, however, with the No. 2 pick chose 7-1 center Sam Bowie from Kentucky, which was not as anticipated. Bowie had suffered several injuries while in college but the Blazers bypassed Jordan because just the year before the team selected another exciting shooting guard in Clyde Drexler . Although Drexler went onto to be a star, Bowie was an injury prone player with a journeyman pro career", "Michael Jeffrey Jordan (born February 17, 1963) is a retired American professional basketball player and active businessman. Proclaimed by the National Basketball Association (NBA) as the \"greatest player of all time\", Jordan was one of the most effectively marketed athletes of his generation, and was instrumental in popularizing the NBA around the world in the 1980s and 1990s.", "The Charlotte Hornets are an NBA franchise based in Charlotte, North Carolina playing in the Southeast Division in the Eastern Conference. Established in 1988 as an expansion team, this team was known as the Charlotte Bobcats until the 2014-2015 season, after a series of relocations and name changes. Now largely owned by NBA legend Michael Jordan, the team plays their home games in the Time Warner Cable Arena in the cityâs center.", "After high school, he was recruited to play for Duke University. At Duke, he was a two-time All- Atlantic Coast Conference first team selection and a third team All-American as a senior in the 1986 NCAA championship game. He was drafted with the 18th pick in the 1986 NBA Draft by the Denver Nuggets. After playing in Denver for one season, he was traded to the Washington Bullets in1987. He played three seasons in Washington before retiring in 1991. Statistically, his 4th NBA season was his best, averaging 10.5 points and 4.6 rebounds per game for the Washington Bullets.", "In 1955, the NBA created a special \"territorial\" draft rule that allowed a team to claim a local college player in exchange for giving up its first-round pick. The idea was to cash in on college stars who had built strong local followings, but the Philadelphia Warriors, who were owned by the cagey Eddie Gottlieb, took it one step further. They claimed Chamberlain as a territorial pick even though he had played his college ball in Kansas. Gottlieb, one of the NBA's founding fathers, argued that Chamberlain had grown up in Philadelphia and had become popular there as a high school player, and since there were no NBA teams in Kansas, they held his territorial rights. The league agreed, marking the only time in NBA history that a player was made a territorial selection based on his pre-college roots.", "Jordan played on two Olympic gold medal-winning American basketball teams. As a college player he participated, and won the gold, in the 1984 Summer Olympics. The team was coached by Bob Knight and featured players such as Patrick Ewing, Sam Perkins, Chris Mullin, Steve Alford, and Wayman Tisdale. Jordan led the team in scoring, averaging 17.1 ppg for the tournament. ", "On March 18, 1995 Jordan announced his return to the NBA through a two-word press release: \"I'm back.\" The next day, Jordan donned jersey number 45 (his number with the Barons), as his familiar 23 had been retired in his honor during his first retirement. He took the court with the Bulls to face the Indiana Pacers in Indianapolis, scoring 19 points in a Bulls loss.", "Johnson wanted to attend college close to home, so he enrolled at Michigan State in East Lansing. He put up impressive numbers as a freshman (17.0 ppg, 7.9 rpg, 7.4 apg), leading the Spartans to a 25-5 record and the Big Ten Conference title. As an All-America sophomore Johnson directed his team to the national title in 1979, beating Larry Bird's Indiana State squad in perhaps the most anticipated (and most watched) NCAA championship game ever played.", "* North Carolina State University upsets the University of Houston to win the 45th NCAA Division I basketball championship.", "Jennings graduated from East Tennessee State University in 1991. In 1992, he joined California’s Golden State Warriors as a point guard and played for them until 1995. He was also a member of teams in Germany, Spain, Turkey, Russia and France. After his playing career, Jennings went on to become a coach at various schools and colleges in Virginia and Tennessee. Currently, he is the assistant coach at Bluefield College in Bluefield, Virginia and was inducted into the East Tennessee State University Athletics Hall of Fame in 2013.", "Larry Bird was raised in French Lick, Ind., a small town of about 2,000 people. In high school, Bird showed that he was a great shooter and competitor , earning a basketball scholarship from Indiana University; however, feeling homesick and intimidated by the size of the school, he dropped out and returned to French Lick.", "April 1 : The University of Kentucky wins the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I men’s basketball championship by defeating Syracuse University, 76-67.", "Jackson’s ascension meant that Jordan would have to adhere to the triangle offense; a stark contrast in style from his final weeks spent with former coach Doug Collins, who made Jordan a point guard late in 1988-89 in order to ensure that MJ’s imprint (and the resultant statistical glory) was left on every possession. Jackson’s Bulls fell yet again to the Pistons in 1990, but what followed were three long, grueling but glorious years of championship play. A turn spent on the 1992 Team USA Olympic team only added to the workload.", "Eugene William “Gene” Shue was born December 18, 1931 in Baltimore Maryland. Shue attended Towson Catholic High School and played college basketball at the University of Maryland. After graduating, he was drafted 3rd overall as a guard in the 1954 NBA Draft by the Philadelphia Warriors. Over his ten year career in the NBA, he was a member of the New York Knicks, Fort Wayne/Detroit Pistons, and the Baltimore Bullets.", "Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (born Ferdinand Lewis Alcindor, Jr.; April 16, 1947) is an American retired professional basketball player who played 20 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the Milwaukee Bucks and Los Angeles Lakers. During his career as a center, Abdul-Jabbar was a record six-time NBA Most Valuable Player (MVP), a record 19-time NBA All-Star, a 15-time All-NBA selection, and an 11-time NBA All-Defensive Team member. A member of six NBA championship teams as a player and two as an assistant coach, Abdul-Jabbar twice was voted NBA Finals MVP. In 1996, he was honored as one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History. NBA coach Pat Riley and players Isiah Thomas and Julius Erving have called him the greatest basketball player of all time. ", "Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (born Ferdinand Lewis Alcindor, Jr.; April 16, 1947) is an American retired professional basketball player who played 20 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the Milwaukee Bucks and Los Angeles Lakers. During his career as a center, Abdul-Jabbar was a record six-time NBA Most Valuable Player (MVP), a record 19-time NBA All-Star, a 15-time All-NBA selection, and an 11-time NBA All-Defensive Team member. A member of six NBA championship teams as a player and two as an assistant coach, Abdul-Jabbar twice was voted NBA Finals MVP. In 1996, he was honored as one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History. NBA coach Pat Riley and players Isiah Thomas and Julius Erving have called him the greatest basketball player of all time.", "Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (born Ferdinand Lewis Alcindor, Jr.; April 16, 1947), in New York City, New York, becomes a retired professional basketball player who played 20 seasons in the National Basketball Association for the Milwaukee Bucks and Los Angeles Lakers.", "MJ'S SET OF CLUBS: The Medinah Country Club, home of the '99 PGA Championship, welcomed a new member April 1: his Airness, Michael Jordan, who bought one of the perpetual memberships that come up for sale every now and then. Jordan is also a member of the exclusive Merit Club nearby. Not bad for a guy out of work.", "William Morgan studied at the International YMCA Training School (now known as Springfield College) in Springfield, Massachusetts in 1892. Dr. James Naismith was an instructor there, and was still developing his new game, \"basket ball\".", "The men's basketball program, started in 1925, has been to the NCAA Tournament 14 times—advancing to the Sweet 16 three times. Bob Knight, hall-of-famer and second-winningest coach in men's college basketball history, coached the team from 2001–2008.", "* John Calipari has also taken three teams to the Final Four, but two were vacated by the NCAA. " ]

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[ "On March 26, 1979, Magic Johnson led Michigan State past Larry Bird and Indiana State in the NCAA title game. The game, watched by nearly a quarter of U.S. television viewers, is credited with sparking an interest in the NCAA tournament that led to the development of “March Madness.”", "The 1979 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship Game featured Magic Johnson's Michigan State University team facing off against Larry Bird's Indiana State University team. Michigan State won. This meeting has been immortalized; in fact, it attracted the largest ever TV rating for an NCAA Championship game, with 38 percent of all television viewers that night tuned to the game.", "Magic vs. Bird – The 1979 national championship game between Michigan State and Indiana State still ranks as the most-watched college basketball game of all time, thanks to two up-and-coming superstars: Michigan State's Earvin \"Magic\" Johnson, bottom, and Indiana State's Larry Bird. Johnson's Spartans won the NCAA title, but the two players' rivalry was only just beginning. During their pro careers in the NBA, Bird's Boston Celtics and Johnson's Los Angeles Lakers would meet in the NBA Finals three times in the '80s.", "1979 NCAA Basketball Championship: Magic Johnson of Michigan State defeats Larry Bird of Indiana State | World History Project", "Earvin 'Magic' Johnson and Larry Bird were the stars of the 1979 NCAA championship game, television's highest rated college basketball game. Johnson's Michigan State squad beat Bird and Indiana State to claim the title.", "March Madness was in full swing in 1979 when the Michigan State Spartans locked horns with the undefeated Indiana State Sycamores in the NCAA basketball title game. With MSU’s Earvin “Magic” Johnson and ISU’s Larry Bird as the featured superstars, the 1979 championship game proved to be one of the most heralded in college basketball history.", "In the history of basketball, the highest-rated college basketball game seen on U.S. television was the 1979 NCAA tournament championship game of Michigan State vs. Indiana State, which featured Magic Johnson and Larry Bird. This was one of the best-rated basketball games in basketball history.", "Michigan State, coached by Jud Heathcote, won the national title with a 75-64 victory in the final game over Indiana State, coached by Bill Hodges. Magic Johnson of Michigan State was named the tournament's Most Outstanding Player.", "*Both 1979 champion Michigan State (12–15) and 1979 runner up Indiana State (16–11) failed to qualify for the 1980 NCAA tournament. Furthermore, neither was invited to the National Invitation Tournament, and Michigan State is the only team to finish the subsequent season with a losing record. Following the 1979 NCAA tournament, Indiana State lost Larry Bird to graduation, and Magic Johnson left Michigan State after his sophomore season to enter the NBA draft.", "Magic Johnson continued to play in college for Michigan State University. Standing at 6 feet 9 inches tall, he made for an impressive point guard. Johnson excelled during his freshman year, helping his team, the Spartans, clinch the Big Ten Conference title. The following year, he played an important role in taking the Spartans all the way to the NCAA Finals. There they faced off against the Indiana State Sycamores. In one of the most famous match-ups in college basketball history, Johnson went head-to-head with Indiana's star forward, Larry Bird. The Spartans proved victorious, and the Johnson-Bird rivalry would follow the players to their days with the NBA.", "Michigan State, coached by Jud Heathcote, won the national title with a 75-64 victory in the final game over Indiana State, coached by Bill Hodges. Indiana State came into the game without a loss all season, but couldn't win their final game. Magic Johnson of Michigan State was named the tournament's Most Outstanding Player. Michigan State's victory over Indiana State was its first over a number one ranked team, and remained its only victory over a number one ranked team until 2007 (Wisconsin).", "1979 - 10 rebounds & 10 assists, as the Spartans cruise to a 101-67 by Penn Mich State's Earvin \"Magic\" Johnson registers triple-double 29 pts", "Indiana State's Larry Bird gives a helping hand to a fallen Magic Johnson during 1979 title game.", "Athletic Accomplishments:  Magic Johnson signed with Converse in 1979 and entered the N.B.A. with a rookie season for the record books. In game six of the 1980 Finals he took over at center for an injured Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and racked up 42 points, 15 rebounds, 7 assists and 3 steals to finish off the 76ers. That night he took home the Finals MVP award and his first of five N.B.A. Championships.", "During the 1978–79 season, Michigan State again qualified for the NCAA Tournament, where they advanced to the championship game and faced Indiana State, which was led by senior Larry Bird. In what was the most-watched college basketball game ever, Michigan State defeated Indiana State 75–64, and Johnson was voted Most Outstanding Player of the Final Four. After two years in college, during which he averaged 17.1 points, 7.6 rebounds, and 7.9 assists per game, Johnson entered the 1979 NBA draft. After the 1994–95 season, Heathcote stepped down as coach of the Spartans, and on June 8, 1995, Johnson returned to the Breslin Center to play in the Jud Heathcote All-Star Tribute Game. He led all scorers with 39 points.", "On Monday night, March 26, 1979, Indiana State and Michigan State met for the NCAA basketball championship in Salt Lake City. The place was buzzing with excitement, as a capacity crowd of 15,410 fans packed the Events Center at the University of Utah.", "Earvin \"Magic\" Johnson Jr. (born August 14, 1959) is an American retired professional basketball player who played point guard for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA) for 13 seasons. After winning championships in high school and college, Johnson was selected first overall in the 1979 NBA draft by the Lakers. He won a championship and an NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award in his rookie season, and won four more championships with the Lakers during the 1980s. Johnson retired abruptly in 1991 after announcing that he had contracted HIV, but returned to play in the 1992 All-Star Game, winning the All-Star MVP Award. After protests from his fellow players, he retired again for four years, but returned in 1996, at age 36, to play 32 games for the Lakers before retiring for the third and final time.", "Magic Johnson and Larry Bird.  Larry Bird and Magic Johnson.  These two will go down in the annuals of not just basketball history, but sports history, tied hand in hand.  They revitalized the National Basketball Association with their fierce rivalry.  But it started in an NCAA Division I college basketball championship game in 1979.", "The NCAA Final Four was held three times at the Kingdome - in 1984 , when Georgetown defeated Houston , in 1989 when Michigan beat Seton Hall in overtime, and in 1995 when UCLA won their first championship since the retirement of coach John Wooden , defeating Arkansas . Template:Citation needed", "The NCAA Final Four was held three times at the Kingdome - in 1984, when Georgetown defeated Houston, in 1989 when Michigan beat Seton Hall in overtime, and in 1995 when UCLA won their first championship since the retirement of coach John Wooden, defeating Arkansas.", "1969 - 31st NCAA Men's Basketball Championship: UCLA beats Purdue 92-72 UCLA wins its 5th national championship in 6 years", "Michigan State vs. Indiana State felt like a heavyweight championship fight. Magic was black, Bird was white; Magic was a talker, Bird was stoic; Magic had the better team, Bird had the bigger reputation. We wanted to know how it all came out.", "Tommy Johnson, the \"Original KU Legend\" and KU's first Basketball All-American, dies of kidney failure. As a quarterback on the football team, Johnson led his teams to a 23-2-1 record. He received a blow in the kidney in the 1910 Missouri gridiron contest and never fully recovered.", "Martin Christopher “Marty” Gross was born on August 5, 1955, in Yankton, South Dakota.  Marty attended Yankton Senior High and graduated in 1973.  He was selected All-State his senior year.  Gross was a four-year letterman for The University of Jacksonville, serving as the 1977 team captain when he was a senior.  He also played on the 1974 Jacksonville NIT team.  He received his B.S. in management in 1977 and his masters from UAB (University of Alabama Birmingham) in 1979.", "In 1993-94, the Blue Devils and Coach K were back knocking at the door of another national championship. Duke piled up a 28-6 overall record, won the ACC regular season championship, was ranked from start to finish in the nation’s top 10, captured the Southeast Regional title with an upset win over top-seeded Purdue and advanced to the national championship game before bowing to Arkansas, 76-72, in Charlotte.", "Basketball grew steadily but slowly in popularity and importance in the United States and internationally in the first three decades after World War II . Interest in the game deepened as a result of television exposure, but with the advent of cable television, especially during the 1980s, the game’s popularity exploded at all levels. Given a timely mix of spectacular players—such as Earvin (“Magic”) Johnson , Julius Erving (“Dr. J”), Larry Bird , and Michael Jordan —and the greatly increased exposure, basketball moved quickly to the forefront of the American sporting scene, alongside such traditional leaders as baseball and football. Four areas of the game developed during this period: U.S. high school and college basketball, professional basketball, women’s basketball, and international basketball.", "On the court, Bird-Magic kicked off an era that in just six years gave us Isiah Thomas, Michael Jordan, Patrick Ewing and Hakeem Olajuwon, all of whom played in the NCAA tournament title game. The Big East and ESPN were born. And as Al McGuire is quoted as saying in Davis's book: \"The college game was already on the launching pad. Then Bird and Magic came along and pushed the button.\"", "The Marquette Golden Eagles of the Big East Conference, the state's other major collegiate program, is known for its men's basketball team, which, under the direction of Al McGuire, won the NCAA National Championship in 1977. The team returned to the Final Four in 2003.", "Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (born Ferdinand Lewis Alcindor, Jr.; April 16, 1947), in New York City, New York, becomes a retired professional basketball player who played 20 seasons in the National Basketball Association for the Milwaukee Bucks and Los Angeles Lakers.", "By 1979, the NBA faced a severe image problem. Its best player, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, was an introverted, acerbic African American Muslim, while its top white draw, Bill Walton, not only faced criticism for his decidedly radical politics but was also forced to sit out the entire 1978–79 campaign with foot ailments. In addition, on-court violence (highlighted by a life-threatening punch delivered by African American Kermit Washington on white Rudy Tomjanovich), escalating salaries (David Thompson had just signed a contract for $750,000 per year, making him the league’s highest-paid player), and the influx of drugs into the league turned fans away. One controversial letter to the editor written by a Tom Johnson of Kansas City and printed in the pages of Basketball Digest in 1979 captures the stereotypical view of white NBA fans as the 1970s came to a close:", "[Right]Warren Morris (4) celebrates after winning the national championship June 8, 1996, against Miami at Rosenblatt Stadium in Omaha, Neb.", "College basketball, by today's standards, was primitive in 1979. Coaches usually didn't have film of an upcoming opponent and because scouting was outsourced, coaches from out of conference had never seen Bird nor Magic until the teams took the court. It seemed as if everything about college basketball changed that night, and dramatically so." ]

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[ "• Becomes the seventh European Tour Member to win the US Open Championship, following Ernie Els (1994 and 1997), Retief Goosen (2001 and 2004), Michael Campbell (2005), Angel Cabrera (2007), Graeme McDowell (2010) and Rory McIlroy (2011).", "The 1997 United States Open Championship was the 97th U.S. Open, held June 12–15 at the Blue Course of Congressional Country Club in Bethesda, Maryland, a suburb northwest of Washington, D.C.. Ernie Els won his second U.S. Open, the second of his four major championships, one stroke ahead of runner-up Colin Montgomerie.", "After a career seemingly curtailed several years previously by a motorcycle accident, Steve Jones wins the U.S. Open. Both Davis Love III and Tom Lehman finish just short of Jones. Lehman (as at the 1994 Masters and 1995 U.S. Open) leads on Saturday night but cannot hold on. At the British Open, Lehman again leads after three rounds, but this time is able to finish the job, winning his first major title. The PGA Championship also goes to a first-time major winner as Mark Brooks beats Kenny Perry in a sudden-death playoff after a two-shot swing (Perry bogeyed and Brooks birdied) at the 72nd hole.", "      In 1994, for the first time, not one U.S. golfer won any of the world's four major championships. Nick Price of Zimbabwe (see BIOGRAPHIES ( Price, Nick )) took both the British Open championship at Turnberry, Scotland, and the Professional Golfers' Association of America ( PGA ) championship at Tulsa, Okla. José-María Olazábal of Spain captured the Masters at Augusta, Ga., and Ernie Els of South Africa won the United States Open championship at Oakmont, Pa.", "Ernie Els kisses his future wife, Liezl Wehmeyer, after winning the 1997 U.S. Open Sunday, June 15, 1997, at the Congressional Country Club in Bethesda, Md.", "Gary Player won the US Open golf tournament and became the fourth winner to earn all four top-pro golf titles. Player, from South Africa, was the first non-American to achieve this feat.", "Nine years later in 1986 , Greg Norman claimed the first of his two Opens (his only major titles), winning by five strokes. Nick Price won his second major (and only Open) in 1994 , a single stroke victory over Jesper Parnevik . After a fifteen year absence, the Ailsa Course hosted the Open in 2009 , where a 59 year-old Tom Watson nearly won his sixth Open Championship. Watson bogeyed the 72nd hole and then lost a 4-hole playoff with Stewart Cink by six strokes. Cink birdied the 72nd hole and then posted two pars and two birdies in the playoff to win his first major title.", "Gary Player wins the U.S. Open championship after a playoff with Australian Kel Nagle , to complete a career \"Grand Slam\" of the four major professional titles. He becomes only the third player ( Gene Sarazen and Ben Hogan were the first two) to accomplish the feat.", "Jack William Nicklaus (born January 21, 1940), also known as \"The Golden Bear\", is widely regarded as the greatest professional golfer of all time, in large part because of his records in major championships. Nicklaus accumulated a record 18 professional majors in a PGA Tour career lasting 25 years, from 1962 to 1986. Later, on the Champions Tour, the senior version of the PGA Tour, he won 8 of that tour's majors between 1990 and 1996. Both records still stand today. Nicklaus has also taken part in many off-course activities, including golf course design, golf instruction book writing, and running his own tournament on the PGA Tour, the Memorial Tournament. Together with Arnold Palmer and Gary Player (collectively known as the \"Big Three\"), he is credited with turning golf into the majo...", "Arnold Daniel Palmer (born September 10, 1929) is an American professional golfer, who is generally regarded as one of the greatest players in the history of men's professional golf. He has won numerous events on both the PGA Tour and Champions Tour, dating back to 1955. Nicknamed \"The King,\" he is one of golf's most popular stars and its most important trailblazer, because he was the first superstar of the sport's television age, which began in the 1950s. He is part of \"The Big Three\" in golf, along with Jack Nicklaus and Gary Player, who are widely credited with popularizing and commercialising the sport around the world. Palmer won the PGA Tour Lifetime Achievement Award in 1998, and in 1974 was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame.", "Ernie Els tees off on the 10th hole during the 1994 U.S. Open held at the Oakmont Golf Club, Els' first major win.", "Jack William Nicklaus (born January 21, 1940), nicknamed \"The Golden Bear\", is an American professional golfer. By winning a total of 18 career major championships while producing 19 second place and 9 third place finishes in major events on the PGA Tour over a span of 25 years, he is widely regarded as the most accomplished professional golfer of all time. [1] Nicklaus did not play that many tournaments because he wanted to focus on the Majors, but is still second on the PGA-tournament winning list, with 73 victories.", "Jack William Nicklaus (born January 21, 1940), nicknamed “The Golden Bear”, is a retired American professional golfer. He is widely regarded as the greatest professional golfer of all time, winning a total of 18 career major championships, while producing 19 second-place and 9 third-place finishes in them, over a span of 25 years. Nicklaus focused on the major championships (Masters Tournament, U.S. Open, Open Championship, and PGA Championship), and played a selective schedule of regular PGA Tour events, yet still finished with 73 victories, third on the all-time list behind Sam Snead (82) and Tiger Woods (79).", "Arnold Daniel Palmer is an American professional golfer, who is generally regarded as one of the greatest players in men's professional golf history. He has won numerous events on both the PGA Tour and Champions Tour, dating back to 1955. Nicknamed \"The King\", he is one of golf's most popular stars and its most important trailblazer, because he was the first superstar of the sport's television age, which began in the 1950s. Palmer's social impact on behalf of golf was perhaps unrivaled among fellow professionals; Palmer's humble background and plain-spoken popularity helped change the perception of golf as an elite, upper-class pastime to a more democratic sport accessible to middle and working classes. Palmer is part of \"The Big Three\" in golf, along with Jack Nicklaus and Gary Player, who are widely credited with popularizing and commercializing the sport around the world. Palmer won the PGA Tour Lifetime Achievement Award in 1998, and in 1974 was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame. ", "Tiger Woods became the first golfer to win three consecutive U.S. Amateur titles. This was the sixth consecutive year in which he won a USGA championship, one short of Bobby Jones ' record of seven. In September, he turned professional. He receives a number of sponsors' invitations to PGA Tour events, but is still expected by most to have to return to the qualifying school to earn a full players' card for 1997. However, in the last five regular tournaments of the year on the PGA Tour , his finishes were 5–3–1–3–1, placing him among the tour's top 30 money-winners for the year and thereby qualifying him for the season-ending The Tour Championship . Woods was named the PGA Tour's Rookie of the Year.", "Stewart had achieved 10 American Tour wins, including two Majors, before the 1999 US Open. However, by the time he got to Pinehurst, North Carolina, in 1999, he was 42, and had won only two tournaments on American soil since the 1991 US Open. But he followed a 68 with a 69, and a third-round 72 left him a shot in front of Phil Mickelson going into a drizzly final day. They swapped the lead down the back nine. At the 17th, Stewart's birdie put him back in front, and a 20-footer for par at the last clinched the title. Stewart was the sixth-oldest winner of the US Open. Four months later, his win gained dreadful added poignancy when he was killed in an air crash after his light aircraft depressurised.", "Jack William Nicklaus (born January 21, 1940), nicknamed \"The Golden Bear\", is an American professional golfer. By winning a total of 18 career major championships while producing 19 second place and 9 third place finishes in major events on the PGA Tour over a span of 25 years, he is widely regarded as the most accomplished professional golfer of all time. Nicklaus did not play that many tournaments because he wanted to focus on the Majors, but is still second on the PGA-tournament winning list, with 73 victories.", "Medinah's Course No. 3 has hosted multiple major championships. The U.S. Open has been held at the course three times: 1949 (won by Cary Middlecoff), 1975 (Lou Graham), and 1990 (Hale Irwin). Tiger Woods has won both PGA Championships held at the course (1999 and 2006). Gary Player won the U.S. Senior Open in 1988.", "In 1948 alone, Ben Hogan won 10 tournaments, including the U.S. Open at Riviera Country Club, a course known as \"Hogan's Alley\" because of his success there. His 8-under par score in the 1948 U.S. Open set a tournament record that was matched only by Jack Nicklaus in 1980, Hale Irwin in 1990, and Lee Janzen in 1993. It was not broken until Tiger Woods shot 12-under par in the tournament in 2000 (Jim Furyk also shot 8-under par in the 2003 U.S. Open, and Rory McIlroy set the current U.S. Open record with 16-under par in 2011).", "Gary Player DMS; OIG is a South African professional golfer, widely regarded as one of the greatest players in the history of golf. Over his career, Player accumulated an impressive nine major championships on the regular tour and six Champions Tour major championship victories, as well as three Senior British Open Championships on the European Senior Tour. At the age 29, Player won the 1965 U.S. Open and became the only non-American to win all four majors, known as the career Grand Slam. Player became only the third golfer in history to win the Grand Slam, following Ben Hogan and Gene Sarazen. Since then, only Jack Nicklaus and Tiger Woods have won the Grand Slam. Player has won 165 tournaments on six continents over six decades and was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 1974. Born in Johannesburg, Player has logged more than 25 million kilometres in travel, which is more than any other athlete. Nicknamed the Black Knight, Mr. Fitness, and the International Ambassador of Golf, Player is also a renowned golf course architect with more than 325 design projects on 5 continents throughout the world. He has also authored or co-written 36 golf books.", "On May 31, Mickelson announced that he would return to play on the PGA Tour in June at the St. Jude Classic and the U.S. Open, since he had heard from the doctors treating his wife that her cancer had been detected in an early stage. Mickelson shot a final round 70 at the 2009 U.S. Open and recorded his fifth runner-up finish at the U.S. Open. He shared the lead after an eagle at the 13th hole, but fell back with bogeys on 15 and 17; Lucas Glover captured the championship.", "Gary Player DMS, OIG (born 1 November 1935) is a retired South African professional golfer, widely regarded as one of the greatest players in the history of golf. Over his career, Player accumulated nine major championships on the regular tour and six Champions Tour major championship victories, as well as three Senior British Open Championships on the European Senior Tour. At the age of 29, Player won the 1965 U.S. Open and became the only non-American to win all four majors, known as the career Grand Slam. Player became only the third golfer in history to win the Career Grand Slam, following Ben Hogan and Gene Sarazen, and only Jack Nicklaus and Tiger Woods have performed the feat since. Player has won 165 tournaments on six continents over six decades and was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 1974. ", "Lee McLeod Janzen (born August 28, 1964) is an American professional golfer who is best known for winning the U.S. Open twice in 1993 and 1998.", "Early in 1941 the Selective Service Board was beginning to interfere with the careers of professional golfers as well as many other people. In late January Ed Oliver, still using Wilmington as his address even though he was the head professional in Hornell, New York, had to make a hurried trip home from the tour for his physical. Oliver drove home to Wilmington and then drove back across the country to play in the Crosby Pro-Am. He was Bing Crosby�s partner in the tournament and the defending champion. While Oliver was home his father had taken his clubs out of the car and stored them away. He didn�t know that his son was going to get a deferment and thought that he would not be playing golf for a while. Oliver arrived in California without any clubs and had to play with a borrowed set. At the tournament Ed Dudley gave Bing Crosby a plaque from the PGA for participating in six Red Cross matches sponsored by the PGA in 1940. Sam Snead won the 36-hole tournament, played at Rancho Sante Fe Golf Club, with a 67 and a 69 for a 136 total. There were over 300 entries and it took two days to play the first round. Craig Wood finished second at 137. This was Snead�s third Crosby Pro-Am victory and he had won every one he had played in. Jug McSpaden and Bill Nary tied for third with 138s.", "Love was a consistent contender and winner on the PGA Tour in the 1990s and early 2000s, but the most memorable win came at the 1997 PGA Championship, his only major championship victory. The 1997 PGA Championship was played at Winged Foot Golf Club, and just four players in the field finished under-par for the week. Love's winning score was 11-under-par, five strokes better than Justin Leonard. When Love sank his birdie putt on the final hole of the championship, it was under the arc of a rainbow, which appeared as he walked up to the 18th green. In the telecast, CBS Sports announcer Jim Nantz made the connection between the rainbow and Love's late father, Davis Love, Jr., who was a well-known and beloved figure in the golf world. This victory was the last major championship win achieved with a wooden-headed driver. ", "golf champion: Masters [1951, 1953], U.S. Open [1948, 1950, 1951, 1953], British Open [1953], PGA [1946, 1948]; died July 25, 1997", "Juan Antonio “Chi Chi” Rodriguez has won many awards througout his golfing career. These include the Hispanic Recognition Award, the Bob Jones Award and the Old Tom Morris Award.", "Results from the 1997 Masters golf tournament played at the par-72 Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Ga. (a-amateur):", "When Player arrived at the 1965 U.S. Open at Bellerive Country Club with three Major titles to his name, he was convinced that he could, in fact, win the tournament and thus the Grand Slam. That belief proved fruitful as it was Player who was lifted the U.S. Open trophy after a Monday playoff round against Australian Kel Nagle.", "Was a big hit in 1997 but has done nothing of note since, making him the golfing equivalent of...", "Results from the 1997 PGA Championship played on the West Course (par 70) at Winged Foot Golf Club in Mamaroneck, New York:", "* Only player to post a top-10 finish in at least one major championship in five different decades." ]

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[ "Aboard Hell Cat, an emotional Aussie journalist roared into his microphone to a huge audience: “Stand up Australia, stand up Australia and gives these boys a cheer… Australia II has won the America’s Cup.”", "As Australia II approached the committee boat, on starboard tack, her crew sat tense and silent, Bertrand gently moving the helm to maintain optimum speed in the light breeze. Even when they heard the gun and the white smoke drifted past there was a strange, stunned silence. Australia II had sensationally won the final race by 42 seconds and the America’s Cup, 4-3.", "** The Australian yacht Australia II wins the America's Cup, the first successful challenge to the New York Yacht Club's 132-year defence of the sailing trophy.", "The America's Cup is the most famous and most prestigious regatta in the sport of sailing, and the oldest active trophy in international sport, predating the Modern Olympics by 45 years. The sport attracts top sailors and yacht designers because of its long history and prestige as the \"Holy Grail\" of yachting. Although the most salient aspect of the regatta is its yacht races, it is also a test of boat design, sail design, fundraising, and management skills. The cup, originally offered as the Royal Yacht Squadron cup, is now named after the first yacht to win the trophy, the schooner America. The trophy remained in the hands of the New York Yacht Club of the United States from 1852 or 1857 (when the syndicate that won the Cup donated the trophy to the club) until 1983 when the Cup was won by the challenger, Australia II of Australia, ending the longest winning streak in the history of sport. For the first time in 132 years, America had lost the \"cup\" to another country. The skipper of Australia II, John Bertrand, was quoted in saying, \"This puts yacht racing back on the map!\"", "The yacht Australia II is displayed in a defining moment of the final race. Having just passed the American boat Liberty on the last downwind leg, Australia II is fast approaching the last rounding mark, the America’s cup buoy. The yacht is heeled to approximately 9 degrees as it approaches the mark, to begin the final leg to the finish. During the final windward beat Australia II tacked many times to defend their precious lead. At 5.21pm the yacht crossed the line to win the America’s Cup.", "Sporting the now famous Boxing Kangaroo flag and the controversial Winged keel designed by Ben Lexcen , the hull of Australia II was kept under wraps between races and was subject to attempts by the NYYC to disqualify her. In the Cup races, the Australians got off to a bad start with equipment failures and false starts giving the defenders a head start. But it wasn't to be a repeat of the last 132 years with the Australians coming back to win the 1983 America's Cup 4–3 in a best-of-seven format. This was the first time the NYYC had lost the cup in 132 years and 26 challenges. Alan Bond joked that the cup would be renamed \"The Australia's Cup\".", "With things looking rather desperate for the Australians going into the third race two down, Australia II stormed home to win by three minutes and 14 seconds, the largest winning margin by a challenger in the history of the Cup.", "The next day, Australia II won her first race by 3:14, a record margin in Cup competition.  The fourth race, which Conner is said to have sailed \"perfectly,\" brought the series to 3-1 in favor of Liberty.", "The trophy remained with the New York Yacht Club until 1983, when the Royal Perth Yacht Club, represented by the yacht Australia II, prevailed, ending the long winning streak.", "While the racing ended at Newport in 1983 with the victory by the wonderful AUSTRALIA II, the subsequent events are equally interesting. Dennis Conner took charge again and with a brilliantly conceived and executed plan won back the Cup the first time sailing Twelves in the challenging waters of western Australia. The final STARS & STRIPES was a one-weather boat, big and powerful for the consistent \"Doctor\" (strong winds) of Freemantle. Others did not have the strength of their convictions to go with such a big and powerful boat. Dennis's crew and tactics were admirable in this most wonderful challenge at a spectacular sailing locale.", "The Australians won for the first time in 1967, the winning boat—Mercedes III—designed by Ted Kaufman and Bob Miller (later Ben Lexcen), who went on to success in the America's Cup. ", "John claims it's a technicality. \"Success has many fathers; failure has none,\" he says. \"To win the Cup required a great deal of work by many people, but in terms of any controversy, the key was [that] Ben Lexcen was the chief designer. So under the rules, Australia II was totally legal. Of course, the America's Cup rules now don't even consider nationality.\"", "In 1992, newcomer Bill Kochs America³ defeated Italian Raul Gardinis Il Moro di Venezia, 4-1, marking the debut of the International Americas Cup Class yacht. But San Diegos third defense was not successful. Not even the venerable Dennis Conner, with veteran Paul Cayard at the helm, could stem the New Zealand tide. The Kiwis won by a stunning 5-0 margin to take the Cup Down Under for only the second time in its 144-year history.", "Australia is one of five nations to have participated in every Summer Olympics of the modern era, and has hosted the Games twice: 1956 in Melbourne and 2000 in Sydney. Australia has also participated in every Commonwealth Games, hosting the event in 1938, 1962, 1982, 2006 and will host the 2018 Commonwealth Games. Australia made its inaugural appearance at the Pacific Games in 2015. As well as being a regular FIFA World Cup participant, Australia has won the OFC Nations Cup four times and the AFC Asian Cup once – the only country to have won championships in two different FIFA confederations. The country regularly competes among the world elite basketball teams as it is among the global top three teams in terms of qualifications to the Basketball Tournament at the Summer Olympics. Other major international events held in Australia include the Australian Open tennis grand slam tournament, international cricket matches, and the Australian Formula One Grand Prix. The highest-rating television programs include sports telecasts such as the Summer Olympics, FIFA World Cup, The Ashes, Rugby League State of Origin, and the grand finals of the National Rugby League and Australian Football League. Skiing in Australia began in the 1860s and snow sports take place in the Australian Alps and parts of Tasmania.", "Australia II was designed by Ben Lexcen, built by Steve Ward, owned by Alan Bond and helmed by John Bertrand. Lexcen's Australia II design featured a reduced waterline length and a short chord winged keel which gave the boat a significant advantage in manoeuvrability and heeling moment (lower ballast center of gravity) but it was a significant disadvantage in choppy seas. The boat was also very quick in stays. The winged keel was a major design advance, and its legality was questioned by the New York Yacht Club. During the summer of 1983, as selection trials took place for the Cup defence that autumn, the New York Yacht Club challenged the legality of the keel design. The controversy was decided in Australia IIs favour.", "Chevalier Taglang: AMERICA'CUP 25th CHALLENGE - AMERICA'S CUP 1983 - AUSTRALIA II KA 6 - 12 METER IR", "Italy had already been in the final of this most prestigious trophy in international yachting competition in 1992 with Il Moro di Venezia. It was defeated by the favourite America3.", "In today's race, Australia II proved unstoppable. The start was delayed 55 minutes while the race committee waited for the breeze to stabilize. The 24.3-mile race was begun in an 8-knot wind with numerous small shifts.", "USA is victorious again, but China overtakes Russia. Australia also makes a leap to fourth spot.", "Australia defends the America's Cup. After four months of competition, the world's greatest sailing regatta is reaching its climax Will the trophy stay? PRODUCER GARY LOVEJOY DIRECTOR WARWICK PARTINGTON TVS Production", "Australiafinished fifth with three gold medals, four silver and one bronze. England was a convincing victor, with 25 gold, 23 silver, and 13 bronze.", "Australia's win was the second in as many tournaments by a host nation after India's triumph four years ago.", "That was the assessment of Dennis Conner as published in an interview for the Australian review The Bulletin on December 15th, 1987. The facts would prove Conner right and the unsurprising victory of his small 18.30-metre LOA catamaran, Stars & Stripes, against the huge 27.43-metre LOA monohull New Zealand would remain forever the most incongruous America’s Cup.", "Dennis Conner turned what had been a summer sport into a full-time occupation. It paid off. Mounting a campaign that lasted more than three years, his curiously shaped Stars & Stripes emerged the victor in a hotly contested challenger elimination series and went on to rout the Australian defender, Kookaburra |I, 4-0. Conner was now not only the first man to lose the Cup, he was the first to win it back as well. The Americas Cup was returning to America, but to a newand controversialhome at San Diego Yacht Club.", "Australia hosted the Olympic Games in 1956 (Melbourne) and 2000 (Sydney) and the Commonwealth Games in 1938 (Sydney), 1962 (Perth), 1982 (Brisbane) and 2006 (Melbourne). 92", "Nine cities, including six American cities, bid for the 1956 Games. In presenting its Games’ bid, Melbourne stressed that Australia had participated in every summer Olympics since 1896, and that despite the Olympic Movement supposedly representing ‘the five continents’, the Games had been held only in Europe and North America.  In the final ballot Melbourne won from Buenos Aires — but only by one vote.", "Dennis Conner, ‘Mr. America’s Cup’, was charged with defending against the upstart Australians, who handily whipped through the challenger fleet and carried off the first Louis Vuitton Cup. That summer, in 1983, the America’s Cup had pride of place on every newscast, and front-page status in every paper. There was a sense of history about that season; that somehow, finally, the New York Yacht Club’s 132-year winning streak was going to come to an end. Equipment problems on the Australian boat allowed Conner to jump ahead early in the best of seven series, but Australian skipper John Bertrand battled back, eventually bringing the series to a score line of 3-3.", "1980: Freedom US 30 wins 4-1 over Australia from the Royal Perth Yacht Club. Australia used an innovative \"bendy\" mast that was invented by the British challenger Lionheart. The idea was to increase the upper sail area, but to no avail as Freedom's tireless Skipper Dennis Conner, who trained virtually non-stop for three years retained the Cup for one last time for the NYYC. Ted Turner, who launched CNN that summer, skippered Courageous for the last time in defense trials that also included Clipper, in a subtle advertising nod to Pan Am airlines.", "Of note is that Australia, Bermuda, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa competed as independent nations. The Philippine team was separate from the American team.", "The second World Cup in Australia in 1957. Australia proved victorious on their home ground after ending up top opf the ladder.", "To win, Dennis Conner had to be almost perfect, and he was for three of the seven races In the deciding race that he lost, the lead changed many times with LIBERTY ahead much of the way. On the strength of his character alone, Dennis Conner almost succeeded in winning against unbelievable odds. \"It was a sad day when we lost the Cup in 1983\", Conner said. \"We had two choices for the 1987 America's Cup competition. We could stay home and watch it on television or mount a campaign to win it back.\" It was no surprise that Dennis Conner took the second option. The 1987 America's Cup was no ordinary race. American technology and pride were on the line when Dennis Conner and STARS & STRIPES challenged KOOKABURRA III in Fremantle, Australia. Dennis Conner and his crew sailed close to a perfect series to win in four straight races. \"It seems to me that Dennis had a little bit over everyone else in the world just in this last bit of the regatta\", lain Murray, skipper of KOOKABURRA III, said after the fourth race.", "with Australia ready to fire in the three-day BMX competition. Australia enters the games currently ranked" ]

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[ "Cheryl Miller, Basketball: An Olympic gold medal winner in 1984, Miller was one of the first pioneering female basketball players. At the University of Southern California, Miller was a four-year letter winner, scored 3,018 career points (sixth all-time in NCAA history), and was a four-time All-American. She was named Naismith College Player of the Year three times and earned the Wade Trophy (Player of the Year) once. After graduating from USC in 1986, she was drafted by several professional basketball leagues, including the United States Basketball League, a men’s league. Miller is currently the women’s head coach at Oklahoma’s Langston University and serves as a sideline reporter for TNT’s NBA coverage. In 1991, she was induced into the  WSF International Women’s Sports Hall of Fame.", "During her playing career, Cheryl Miller was arguably the best woman basketball player of all time. A four-time All-American, Miller led her University of Southern California (USC) team to successive National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) championships in 1983 and 1984. She went on to anchor the U.S. Olympic team that captured the 1984 gold medal in women’s basketball. A charismatic and outspoken figure, Miller has parlayed her triumphs on the court into a successful broadcasting career as a television basketball announcer for ABC-TV. Miller launched her coaching career in 1993, when she accepted the women’s head coaching position at her alma mater. In 1995 Miller was voted into the Basketball Hall of Fame in recognition of her contribution to the game.", "Cheryl D. Miller (born January 3, 1964) is the women's basketball coach at Langston University and a former college basketball player and sportscaster for TNT. She is currently a sideline reporter for NBA games on TNT Sports and also works for NBA TV as a reporter and analyst having worked previously as a sportscaster for ABC Sports, TBS Sports and ESPN. She was also head coach and General Manager of the WNBA's Phoenix Mercury.", "Cheryl Miller, (born Jan. 3, 1964, Riverside, Calif., U.S.), American basketball player who is one of the greatest players in the history of women’s basketball. Miller is credited with both popularizing the women’s game and elevating it to a higher level.", "In 1982, she scored 105 points against Notre Vista High School in a 179-15 Riverside victory. Midway through the game, she threw down a one-handed dunk. No woman had ever dunked in a game before. At the University of Southern California, Miller led the Women of Troy to national championships her freshman and sophomore seasons, and she played in the championship game her senior season.", "When she left USC, Miller was widely considered the best women’s basketball player in the school’s history. She earned All-America honours in each of her four seasons and was a three-time NCAA player of the year selection (1984–86). In her 128-game career Miller established herself among the all-time NCAA leaders with 3,018 points (23.6 per game) and 1,534 rebounds (12.0 per game). At the close of her collegiate career, she was second in NCAA tournament career scoring with 333 points (20.8 per game) and first in career rebounding with 170 (10.6 per game). She was the first USC basketball player—male or female—to have her jersey number retired by the university.", "It is hard to believe that any college or university with a women’s basketball coaching vacancy would have passed up a chance to hire Cheryl Miller.", "After boarding school, she spent some of her gap-year serving as a volunteer in Northern Zambia before embarking on college in the United States. She acquired a B.A. in Journalism from Pepperdine University followed by her Juris Doctorate in Law from UWLA. During this time, she began acting in film and television.", "She attended New Palestine High School, where she was a varsity cheerleader. In 1982, She earned an undergraduate degree in Merchandising and Marketing from Ball State University in Muncie, Indiana. In 2010, she received an honorary doctorate of Humane Letters from Ball State.", "Miller, who starred as a player at USC, was also the school's coach from 1993-95, leading the Trojans to a 42-14 mark. She also was coach and general manager of the WNBA's Phoenix Mercury from 1997 to 2000, guiding the club to a 70-52 record and one Finals appearance (1998). She is currently a broadcaster for TNT.", "Of all her siblings, Miller has always been closest to brother Reggie, now starring for the Indiana Pacers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). In a 1982 interview in People magazine, she described a hustle that she and Reggie pulled regularly on neighborhood courts. While Cheryl hid nearby, Reggie would challenge a pair of boys to play against him and his sister. Not knowing Cheryl, they would usually accept the offer eagerly. She would then come out from hiding and proceed to dominate the game. Reggie has always maintained that it was his childhood one-on-one games against his sister that enabled him to develop his trademark rainbow jump shot; he claims that trying to shoot over Cheryl while growing up has made shooting over NBA seven-footers seem like child’s play.", "Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 1981-1985, bachelor’s degree in Sociology, with a minor degree in African-American Studies. She worked with both the Third World Center and belonged to  the Organization of Black Unity, an African-American student group. She graduated cum laude.", "Oklahoma City is the annual host of the Big 12 Baseball Tournament, the World Cup of Softball, and the annual NCAA Women's College World Series. The city has held the 2005 NCAA Men's Basketball First and Second round and hosted the Big 12 Men's and Women's Basketball Tournaments in 2007 and 2009. The major universities in the area – University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City University, and Oklahoma State University – often schedule major basketball games and other sporting events at Chesapeake Energy Arena and Chickasaw Bricktown Ballpark, although most home games are played at their campus stadiums.", "Cincinnati is home to the University of Cincinnati and Xavier University. The University of Cincinnati, often referred to as \"UC\", is one of the United States' major graduate research institutions in engineering, music, architecture, classical archaeology, and psychology. The University of Cincinnati Medical Center is highly regarded, as well as the College Conservatory of Music, which has many notable alumni, including Kathleen Battle, Al Hirt and Faith Prince. Xavier, a Jesuit university, was at one time affiliated with The Athenaeum of Ohio, the seminary of the Cincinnati Archdiocese.", "On May 8, 2009, Parton gave the  commencement speech  at the  commencement ceremony  in Knoxville, Tennessee, for the  University of Tennessee, Knoxville 's College of Arts and Sciences. [71 ] During the ceremony she received an honorary degree, a  doctorate of humane and musical letters , from the university. It was only the second honorary degree given by the university, and in presenting the degree, the university's  chancellor , Jimmy G. Cheek, said, \"Because of her career not just as a musician and entertainer, but for her role as a cultural ambassador, philanthropist and lifelong advocate for education, it is fitting that she be honored with an honorary degree from the flagship educational institution of her home state.\" [74 ]", "Abdul studied broadcasting at the California State University, Northridge. During her freshman year, she was selected from a pool of 700 candidates for the cheerleading squad of the Los Angeles Lakers NBA basketball team—the famed Laker Girls. Within a year, she became head choreographer. ", "Valparaiso University, commonly known as Valpo, is a selective, independent Lutheran institution in Valparaiso, Indiana, an hour’s drive from Chicago. U.S. News and World Report ranks Valparaiso University as number 5 Overall Best Regional University in the Midwest. As a faith-based school, tobacco and alcohol are prohibited on campus, and students perform more than 220,000 hours of community outreach and service-learning annually. More than 90% of all undergraduate students receive financial aid each year and the average is around $30,000.", "In 1987, the Eva Marie Saint Theater was dedicated on the campus of Bowling Green State University in Bowling Green, Ohio. She graduated from the university in 1946.", "Academic Records Coordinator Abby Miller graduated from Butler University where she worked as a guide for international students from all over the world. From that experience and combined with her own world travels, she knows the amazing experiences that studying abroad can provide. Abby is excited to work with IFSA-Butler students and to help answer any questions about their academic records. Abby can be reached at the email link above or at 800-858-0229, ext. 4217.", "Blears was educated at Worsley Wardley Grammar School in Wardley, Worsley and then Eccles College on Chatsworth Road in Ellesmere Park, Eccles. She went to Trent Polytechnic in Nottingham (now known as Nottingham Trent University), graduating with a BA (Hons) degree in Law, and later, the Chester College of Law in 1977. ", "Around 1916, Crawford's family moved to Kansas City, Missouri. Cassin was first listed in the City Directory in 1917, living at 403 East Ninth Street. While still in elementary school, Crawford was placed in St. Agnes Academy, a Catholic school in Kansas City. Later, after her mother and stepfather broke up, she stayed on at St. Agnes as a work student. She then went to Rockingham Academy as a work student. While attending Rockingham she began dating and had her first serious relationship, with a trumpet player named Ray Sterling. It was Sterling who inspired her to begin challenging herself academically, and in 1922, Crawford registered at Stephens College in Columbia, Missouri. She gave her year of birth as 1906. Crawford attended Stephens for less than a year, as she recognized that she was not academically prepared for college.", "Miller’s popularity reached its peak in 1984 when she was the standout player for the U.S. Olympic team, considered by many to be the finest collection of women basketball players ever assembled. Her gold medal performance at the Olympics was so compelling that for a short time afterward, Miller may have been the most famous basketball player in the world—of either gender. In 1985 Sports Illustrated named her National Player of the Year. Miller became an international celebrity, gracing magazine covers in Asia , meeting heads of state, and making television appearances varying from interviews with newswoman Barbara Walters to guest spots on the television drama Cagney and Lacey.", "When Tanya Schardt accepted her diploma from Bowling Green State University on Saturday (May 9), she defied many odds. The Army veteran from Fremont, Ohio, who was critically injured in 2008 while deployed in Iraq, wasn’t expected to live, let alone graduate from college.", "When Kopechne was an infant, the family moved to Berkeley Heights, New Jersey. She attended parochial schools growing up. After graduating with a degree in business administration from Caldwell College for Women in 1962, Kopechne moved to Montgomery, Alabama, to teach for a year at the Mission of St. Jude, an activity that was part of the Civil Rights Movement. ", "Barbara (Stein) McDonagh ‘72, known as “Bobbi,” passed away in her home March 30 on the Big Island of Hawaii. She graduated with a degree in Speech and a minor in Drama. A friend writes: “She had a thirst for knowledge and was born to be a teacher. She had a way of touching the lives of anyone she met. She was a native of New York, and lived in", "Attended the same high school, Washington-Lee High School, as Sandra Bullock . Both were also cheerleaders at the school. Her brother, Warren Beatty also attended this high school.", "As a child, he attended his mother's Episcopal church, though his father was a Catholic. Warner attended Heritage Christian School from first grade to tenth grade. In that school, they tried to show children what music they were not supposed to listen to; Warner then fell in love with \"what he wasn't supposed to do.\" He later transferred to GlenOak High School and graduated from there in 1987. After relocating with his parents, he became a student at Broward Community College in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, in 1990. He was working towards a degree in journalism and gaining experience in the field by writing articles for a music magazine, 25th Parallel.", "Kaycee Swenson, a high school senior in Wichita, Kan., who took several courses at her local college last year, said she talked to people online every day, most of whom were not at her campus. But she said she also hung out with friends in the physical world, listening to music and playing basketball. \"You have to balance it,\" she said.", "Museum Studies Graduate Certificate Program Cheryl Anne Bailey Anthony Mark Ponce Constance B. Zamora Lisa Anne Escovedo Ute Lefarth", "Professor Blake remembers \"a trendy dresser, a modern girl\". \"She wasn't shy outside class, but you had to coax her to respond in class. But you didn't have to tell her how things worked twice.\" She can't have been too shy: in her senior year, she wowed her class by illustrating an assignment about the economics of overpopulation with that famous image of a nude and heavily pregnant Demi Moore.", "Alumni Spotlight: Joanne and Lisa Euster ‘ Mother and daughter earn the same degree in very different eras", "Hi, my name is Renita. I'm in a makeup class in a community college. Its only 4 months but the instructor has been in the industry for years, I believe 25 to be exact. I'm about to graduate and transfer and move on to my BA degree, but I need money to start saving for my college tuition." ]

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[ "Within five years, Reeves attended four high schools, including the Etobicoke School of the Arts, from which he was expelled. Reeves stated he was expelled because \"I was just a little too rambunctious and shot my mouth off once too often. I was not generally the most well-oiled machine in the school.\" Reeves excelled more in sports than in academics, as his educational development was challenged by dyslexia. He was a successful ice hockey goalie at one of his high schools (De La Salle College \"Oaklands\"), and earned the nickname \"The Wall\". Reeves dreamed of playing hockey for Canada but an injury ended his hopes for a hockey career. After leaving De La Salle College, he attended Avondale Secondary Alternative School, which allowed him to obtain an education while working as an actor. He later dropped out and did not obtain a high school diploma. ", "Keanu Reeves, whose first name means \"cool breeze over the mountains\" in Hawaiian, was born in Beirut, Lebanon on September 2, 1964. He is the son of English-born Patricia Taylor , a showgirl, and American-born Samuel Nowlin Reeves, a geologist. Keanu's father was born in Hawaii, of British, Portuguese, Native Hawaiian, and Chinese ancestry. After their marriage dissolved, Keanu moved with his mother and younger sister, Kim Reeves , to New York City, then Toronto. Stepfather #1 was Paul Aaron , a stage and film director - he and Patricia divorced within a year, after which she went on to marry (and divorce) rock promoter Robert Miller and hair salon owner Jack Bond. Reeves never reconnected with his biological father. In high school, Reeves was lukewarm toward academics but took a keen interest in ice hockey (as team goalie, he earned the nickname \"The Wall\") and drama. He eventually dropped out of school to pursue an acting career.", "In high school, Reeves was never into academics but took a keen interest in ice hockey (as team goalie, he earned the nickname \"The Wall\") and drama. He eventually dropped out of school to pursue an acting career.", "Washington State University is a member of the Pac-10 athletic conference. The school's mascot is \"Butch T. Coug\" and the school's colors are crimson and gray. Varsity athletics include men's baseball, basketball, cross country, football, golf, and track and field, as well as women's basketball, cross country, golf, rowing, soccer, swimming, softball, volleyball, tennis, and track and field. In the past WSU had varsity programs of boxing, wrestling, and gymnastics. In 1937, Roy Petragallo and Ed McKinnon won the NCAA boxing championship, WSU's first national championship.", "Did you know that Jim Reeves loved baseball. In high school he was an all-state pitcher for his Carthage Bulldogs. After high school he played minor league professional baseball until an injury forced him to look for another way to make a living.", "Keanu Charles Reeves ( ; born September 2, 1964) is a Canadian actor, producer, director and musician.", "program that dream of being Olympic champions. And to think that now that’s no longer an opportunity just so the IOC stay fresh and continue to rotate sports and whatever their plan is — it’s tough to think about.” Wrestling is also one of the most popular youth sports in the U.S. The National Federation of State High School Associations reports that the sport was sixth among prep boys with nearly 275,000 competing in 2010-11. “Wrestling is the Olympics. It’s the toughest, most grueling, most demanding and most humbling sport there is. It teaches you so many life lessons,” said Jake Herbert, who wrestled for", "Today virtually every high school in the United States fields a basketball team in varsity competition. Basketball's popularity remains high, both in rural areas where they carry the identification of the entire community, as well as at some larger schools known for their basketball teams where many players go on to participate at higher levels of competition after graduation. In the 2003–04 season, 1,002,797 boys and girls represented their schools in interscholastic basketball competition, according to the National Federation of State High School Associations. The states of Illinois, Indiana and Kentucky are particularly well known for their residents' devotion to high school basketball, commonly called Hoosier Hysteria in Indiana; the critically acclaimed film Hoosiers shows high school basketball's depth of meaning to these communities.", "By the time he reached junior high, Ryan had the arm strength to stand on the goal line of a football field and throw a softball over 100 yards—30 yards farther than any other boy in the area. In the ninth grade, he became even more focused on baseball after abandoning his short-lived football career in the aftermath of a head-on collision with future NFL running back Norm Bulaich; the impact produced a dazed and embarrassed Alvin cornerback and a La Marque Junior High touchdown.", "Caviezel attended Mount Vernon High School for two years before moving to Seattle, Washington, where he lived with family friends in order to play basketball at O'Dea High School, a Catholic high school. The following spring, he transferred from O'Dea to another Catholic school, John F. Kennedy Memorial High School in Burien, Washington, where he played basketball and graduated in 1987. He then enrolled at Bellevue College, where he played college basketball. A foot injury in his second year put an end to his hopes of an NBA career, and he transferred to the University of Washington, where he turned his focus to acting and became a member of the Sigma Chi fraternity.", "Redford's family moved to Van Nuys, California, while his father worked in El Segundo. He attended Van Nuys High School, where he was classmates with baseball player Don Drysdale. He has described himself as having been a \"bad\" student, finding inspiration outside the classroom, and being interested in art and sports. He hit tennis balls with Pancho Gonzales at the Los Angeles Tennis Club to warm him up.", "By age 18 Clay had captured two national Golden Gloves titles, two Amateur Athletic Union national titles and 100 victories against eight losses. After graduating high school, he traveled to Rome and won the light heavyweight gold medal in the 1960 Summer Olympics.", "High school football routinely attract 10,000 fans per game and extensive press coverage. The Tom Cruise film All the Right Moves and ESPN's Bound for Glory with Dick Butkus both filmed in the area to capture the tradition and passion high school football enjoys in the region.", "lthough you don’t seem to hear the kind of excessive stories about Keanu Reeves that you get from many of Hollywood’s finest, according to Wikipedia, he had something of a wild-child reputation as a youngster and was thrown out of several schools as a teenager. It’s not too difficult to imagine if you look at his earliest successful films such as ‘Bill and Ted’s Excellent Adventure’ and its successor ‘Bill and Ted’s Bogus Journey’ in which he plays a failing high school student.", "Richard began his career in high school athletics in 1970, and over the course of the next four years he generated a dynamic presence on the basketball, football and rugby teams of Bowness High School in Calgary. Richard endowed each game with a special excitement because his speed and skill level made him a dangerous and deft athlete and because he was such an ardent competitor.", "Young Cassius dedicated himself to boxing with fervor unmatched by other young boxers. Indeed, it was his only activity. As a teenager, he never worked. He boxed and trained. He had 108 amateur bouts. According to Joe Martin, Clay set himself apart from the other boys by two things: He was \"sassy,\" and he outworked all the other boys. The work paid off: 6 Kentucky Golden Gloves championships; two National Golden Gloves championships; two National AAU titles before he was 18 years old. And the son of Odessa, whom he lovingly referred to as \"Bird,\" and Cassius senior, \"Cash,\" to everyone, won the Olympic Gold Medal in 1960 in Rome months after his 18th birthday.", "He said he set his sights on becoming an actor after winning karate tournaments. He also played college football.", "Fascinated with physical movement, movie stunts and athletics, Themo enrolled at the esteemed VHSI Athletic Institute in Bruges where he majored in Sport and Physical studies. There, he became fully occupied with gymnastics, track and field, parkour and calisthenics. However, with his fiercely competitive spirit, Themo was not content as just the school's top sports star, but became the leader in his both his school's dance and theater clubs. Always interested in classic kung fu flicks starring his heroes Jackie Chan and Bruce Lee, Themo was first drawn in through the jaw-dropping physicality and action, but it was the storytelling that explained why they were fighting that truly captivated and inspired him. During his senior year, he became determined to study acting in the United States. While finishing school in Belgium, he sent an audition tape to the New York Film Academy. Two months later, Themo graduated from the VHSI Athletic Institute as the highest scoring athlete in their gymnastics program, and had received a scholarship to attend the New York Film Academy.", "O'Neal attended University High School, and trained there to become a Golden Gloves boxer. During the late 1950s, his father had a job writing on a television series called Citizen Soldier, and moved the family to Munich, where O'Neal attended Munich American High School. ", "The first time 2000 Walt Whitman High School graduate and 2000 Montgomery County wrestling champion Aaron Yoches tried a combat sport outside of Olympic-style wrestling, he didn’t care for it. It was about eight years ago, his first year away from the Case Western Reserve (Ohio) University wrestling team after spending four years on varsity and one season as an assistant coach. In need of an outlet, he said he joined a Brazilian Jiu Jitsu class. Ranked as high as No. 6 nationally in the 184-pound weight division during college, Yoches wasn’t used to mediocrity. “It was around when wrestling season would have started and I was getting antsy. Once you’vebeensogoodatsomething, to move on to something similar and be awful, no one likes to suck at something, especially when you used to be good at it,” Yoches said.", "I wonder what it says for USAW that both freestyle medalists in Rio on the men’s side were collegians who were coming off successful folkstyle seasons. Isn’t it Colorado Springs that always explains to everyone that their international failings are a direct result of America’s love of folkstyle? Maybe I’m off base here but if anyone counted the number of shots that Cox and Snyder took on their way to the medal stand it would be in excess of twice as many shots as their 4 teammates took cumulatively. Myth debunked.", "Calisthenics, exercising, and other gymnastics are a part of the school curriculum. Some of the best students are specially trained to compete in international events such as the Olympics.", "Most fans are aware that Jim Reeves grew up on a farm in Texas, but did you know that Jim received an award while in high school for his work in an agriculture class? In 1940 Jim received a certificate of achievement from his high school chapter of the Texas Future Farmers of America for his outstanding work in class. The certificate still exists and is part of major private collection of Jim Reeves memorabilia.", "Some elements of the film do match closely with those of Milan's real story. Like the movie's fictional \"Hickory High School\", Milan was a very small high school in a rural, southern Indiana town. Both schools had undersized teams. Both Hickory and Milan won the state finals by two points: Hickory won 42–40, and Milan won 32–30. The final seconds of the Hoosiers state final hold fairly closely to the details of Milan's 1954 final; the final shot in the movie was taken from virtually the same spot on the floor as Bobby Plump's actual game-winner. The movie's final game was shot in the same building that hosted the 1954 Indiana final, Butler University's Hinkle Fieldhouse (called Butler Fieldhouse in 1954) in Indianapolis.", "OCCIDENTAL COLLEGE (1600 Campus Road, in Eagle Rock): Actor Ben Affleck (\"Armageddon,\" \"Good Will Hunting\") went here briefly, after transferred here from the University of Vermont. So did Monty Python member Terry Gilliam. They also filmed the Alicia Silverstone comedy \"Clueless\" here (it passed for Beverly Hills High School in that movie,) as were the college years of \"Beverly Hills 90210.\" But with the election of Barack Obama as President of the United States, he immediately became the school's most famous alum. President Obama spent two years at Occidental, before moving on to Columbia (in New York) and then Harvard Law School.", "Miller played at Riverside Polytechnic High School (1978–1982) where she was a four-year letter winner and led her team to a 132–4 record. She was awarded the Dial Award for the national high-school scholar-athlete of the year in 1981. She was the first player, male or female, to be named an All-American by Parade magazine four times. Averaging 32.8 points and 15.0 rebounds a game, Miller was Street & Smith's national High School Player of the Year in both 1981 and 1982. In her senior year she scored 105 points in a game against Norte Vista High School. She set California state records for points scored in a single season (1156), and points scored in a high school career (3405).", "FAIRFAX HIGH SCHOOL (at the corner of Melrose & Fairfax, Hollywood, north of CBS TV City ): this was the last school attended by actress Demi Moore (\"Indecent Proposal\"), who had gone to dozens of different schools over the years. She was 15 when she started here, and 16 when she dropped out. Carol Lombard graduated from Fairfax in 1927 - 12 years before she married Clark Gable. Other Fairfax High alumni include talk show host Byron Allen, musician Herb Alpert, actor Ricardo Montalban (\"Star Trek: the Wrath of Khan\"), actor Mickey Rooney (\"Andy Hardy\"), actor David Arquette (\"Scream'), comic Al Franken, actor Timothy Hutton, record producer Phil Spector, dancer Gower Champion, \"Slash\" of Guns N' Roses, Flea of  \"The Red Hot Chili Peppers\" and GOP presidential candidate Jack Kemp.", "(Photo : Kevin Winter/Getty Images) SANTA MONICA, CA - MARCH 01: Actor Keanu Reeves attends the 2014 Film Independent Spirit Awards at Santa Monica Beach on March 1, 2014 in Santa Monica, California.", "(Photo : Kevin Winter/ImageDirect) Keanu Reeves at MTV Movie Awards 2000 held at the Sony Pictures Studio, in Culver City, CA on June 03, 2000.", "The National Sport School in Calgary, founded 1994, is the first Canadian high school designed exclusively for Olympic-calibre athletes.", "Not based on: Wes Welker. But it should be noted two high schools did get together 10 years after the fact to settle a tie, in a life imitating art moment.", "The Kansas State High School Activities Association (KSHSAA) is the organization which oversees interscholastic competition in the state of Kansas at the high school level. It oversees both athletic and non-athletic competition, and sponsors championships in several sports and activities." ]

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[ "Joseph Henri Maurice \"Rocket\" Richard, (;; August 4, 1921 – May 27, 2000) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played 18 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Montreal Canadiens. He was the first player in NHL history to score 50 goals in one season, accomplishing the feat in 50 games in 1944–45, and the first to reach 500 career goals. Richard retired in 1960 as the league's all-time leader in goals with 544. He won the Hart Trophy as the NHL's most valuable player in 1947, played in 13 All-Star Games and was named to 14 post-season NHL All-Star Teams.", "The Maurice Richard Trophy is an annual award given to the National Hockey League's top goal scorer by the NHL Board of Governors. Winners are selected based on regular-season play. The Maurice \"Rocket\" Richard Trophy, a gift to the National Hockey League from the Montreal Canadiens, honors of one of the game's greatest stars. During his 18-year career with the Canadiens from 1942-43 through 1959-60, Richard was the first player in NHL history to score 50 goals in a season and 500 for his career. He was the League's top goal-scorer five times, played on eight Stanley Cup champions and was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1961.", "Maurice Richard played minor ice hockey at all levels in the Montreal area before playing junior in Verdun, starting in 1938. By 1940, he had moved up to the Canadiens senior team in the Quebec league. He broke his ankle and played only one game. He returned and played the whole 1941-42 season for the senior Canadiens. However, by the time he first tried out for the NHL Canadiens in 1942, he had suffered several injuries and he was a considerable risk for the Canadiens to take on. Despite this, coach Dick Irvin insisted that general manager Tommy Gorman sign him, being impressed with his play in camp. Richard would break his right ankle and play only 16 games. Gorman attempted to make a trade with the New York Rangers for Phil Watson , but the Rangers' GM Lester Patrick refused the deal. [8]", "'As had happened during World War I, World War II saw the creation of several military teams across Canada. However, unlike before, public outcry eventually worked against them. As most of the military teams stayed at home for the early part of the war, the public thought it outrageous that hockey players essentially got deferments. The military responded by almost immediately sending the soldier teams to war. Still, many enlisted players never had to fight overseas; the Montreal Canadiens in particular largely escaped the conflict because of a loophole in the system, which allowed them to stay home if their jobs were considered essential to the war effort. The Toronto Maple Leafs would have mostly done the same had Conn Smythe not been so devoted to the military. With the Canadiens able to stay at home, they dominated the early part of the 1940s in hockey. This domination was helped by the addition of a young player from Montreal named Maurice Richard. The man who eventually earned the nickname \"Rocket\" was a scoring machine: in the 1944 Stanley Cup Finals, Rocket Richard scored five goals�in one game, including three in the first period alone (known as a natural hat trick). The next year, Richard would become the first player to score 50 goals in 50 games, a record that would stand for over 30 years. Richard would go on to be the first NHL player to record 500 goals in a career.'", "On September 15, 1960, Maurice \"Rocket\" Richard announce his retirement. The Canadiens' famous No. 9 won a number of trophies, including the Hart and the Lou Marsh; he was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame on 1972. He was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in 1967, [a Companion in 1998] and Officer of the Ordre National du Québec in 1985.", "Averted by Maurice \"Rocket\" Richard. Not even his short fuse, let alone an incident that got him suspended for the rest of the 1954�55 season and contributed to his Montreal Canadiens losing the regular-season title and, by extension, the Stanley Cup Finals, was able to diminish his status as a national hero in Canada, and in fact it may have even added to it. It helps that he owned up to it and ultimately quelled a riot that his suspension had caused, even leading the Canadiens to five consecutive Stanley Cups beginning the next year. Needless to say, it did produce a couple of tarnished reputations:", "Maurice \"the rocket\" Richard One of the greatest teams of the century was the Montreal Canadiens, and they also had one of greatest players of the century. That player was Joseph Henri Maurice Richard, mainly called Maurice. He was the oldest child of Onesime and Alice Richard. He lived in the north end of Mon...", "On the morning of 27 May 2000 Maurice Richard lost his fight with cancer. The Molson Centre in Montreal became a chapel of rest where some 100,000 people came to pay homage to him. The funeral, held on 31 May in Notre-Dame basilica, was attended by thousands of admirers. Former team-mates, including his brother Henri, carried the Rocket’s coffin, while veterans of the Canadiens, prominent politicians, and former opponents, such as Gordon Howe* and Robert Blake Theodore Lindsay, who had played for Detroit, followed the funeral procession. But the man for whom all these people had come together had always said, throughout his life, that he was just a hockey player, nothing else.", "Richard was still an active player when Gordie Howe overtook his career record for points. Howe surpassed Richard's career mark of 544 goals in 1963, while the latter's record of 50 goals in one season stood for 20 years until broken by Bobby Hull in 1965. The Montreal Canadiens donated the Maurice \"Rocket\" Richard Trophy to the NHL in 1999 as an award presented annually to the league's leading goal scorer. ", "The honours bestowed on the Rocket culminated in the ceremonies at the closing of the Montreal Forum and the creation of the Maurice Richard Trophy. On 11 March 1996 the building that the Canadiens had occupied continuously since 1926 shut its doors. The team used the occasion to organize a special event at which the members of the Hockey Hall of Fame (including Butch Bouchard, Jean Béliveau, Guy Lafleur, and Robert M. Gainey) and former captains were introduced. Bouchard carried the torch, and then passed it to Richard, who had succeeded him as captain in 1956. The crowd gave him a standing ovation that went on for nearly 15 minutes. On the giant screen at the centre of the rink, the Rocket was weeping. Most of those present – some 18,000 – had never seen Richard play, since he had retired 36 years earlier, but they all knew the Rocket, had heard their parents and grandparents tell of his exploits, had seen pictures of the fiery-eyed player in action. At the end of the 1998–99 season Teemu Selanne, of the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, Calif., received the Maurice Richard Trophy. He was the first winner of this award, presented to the highest scorer of the season in the NHL, and established in honour of the Rocket (who would have won it five times himself, had it existed during his playing career.)", "In the 1950s, Richard was frequently compared to emerging star Gordie Howe of the Detroit Red Wings . Both were right wingers who wore the same sweater number (9). They were frequently contenders for the league scoring title, and could also play rough if needed. During their first encounter in the Montreal Forum , when Howe was a rookie, he knocked Richard down with a punch after being shoved. The Red Wings and Canadiens faced off in four Stanley Cup finals during the 1950s. When Richard retired in 1960 , he paid tribute to Howe, saying \"Gordie could do everything.\" [7]", "Richard's career began and ended before the beginning of huge salaries. The largest yearly salary he ever made was $25,000 (equivalent to $200,000 in 2008). His # 9 jersey number was retired on October 6, 1960, by the Canadiens, less than a month after he announced his retirement. His brother Henri \"The Pocket Rocket\" Richard joined him with the Canadiens in 1955 and would go on to win eleven Stanley Cups with the team, an NHL record.", "1957: Montreal’s Maurice “Rocket” Richard chipped two of his front teeth while drinking from the Cup.", "In 1950, the Rocket followed this up with 42 goals in the 1950-51 season, and the Canadiens made it to the Stanley Cup Final again, losing again to Toronto. It would be the first of ten consecutive appearances in the Final series. Richard placed second in the scoring race to Gordie Howe , who now pushed Richard to the Second All-star team. Richard led the Canadiens to the Final, with some revenge by defeating Howe's Red Wing team in the semi-final. Richard led all playoff scorers. That same season, on January 6, 1951, Richard scored his 271st goal to become the Canadiens's all-time goal scorer. [11]", "In the next season, Richard came back stronger than ever. He was wearing a new number – 9 instead of 15 – in honour of his daughter Huguette, who weighed nine pounds at birth. His team-mate Raymond Getliffe, who was astonished by the speed with which Richard outplayed him and his linemates Phillip Henri Watson and Erwin Groves (Murph) Chamberlain during practices, nicknamed him the Rocket. Together with Hector (Toe) Blake and Elmer Lach (with whom he made up the famous Punch Line), he scored 32 goals in 46 games. In the playoffs, he helped his team win the Stanley Cup against the Blackhawks by getting 12 goals in nine games. This was the fifth Stanley Cup the Habs had won, but the first since 1930–31. The five-foot-ten, 195-pound Rocket was now a star. Of all the players, he was the most determined to score. Between the blue line and the net, virtually nothing could stop him. The goalies could see the fire in his eyes as he skated towards them. Anyone who got in his way risked reprisals; he did not hesitate to retaliate with his fists, or even his stick.", "As his personal star ascended, so did that of the Montreal Canadiens. Richard’s career formed the backbone of teams that won eight Stanley Cups in three different decades. Elected captain before the 1956-57 campaign, he led by example, driving the team to four consecutive titles before hanging up his skates in the spring of 1960.", "Richard appears as a member of the Canadiens All-Star Team of Legends in NHL 09 , playing on the first line. As well as in NHL 10 .", "In the 1960 off-season, there was considerable speculation about the Rocket retiring, but he put off the decision. Punch Imlach predicted accurately that Richard would not want to play any longer if he could not play at the top level. Despite the speculation, in June with the intra-league draft, the Canadiens kept him on their protected list. At a September 15 practice however, Richard made up his mind and he announced his retirement at a press conference on September 15, 1960.", "As Richard approached 50 goals for the season, opposition players resorted to increasingly violent efforts to prevent him from scoring. He had to fight past slashes, hooks, and even players who draped themselves across his back. Richard went eight games without scoring and began Montreal's final regular season game, March 18, on the road against the Boston Bruins with 49 goals. He finally reached the milestone by scoring with 2:15 remaining in the game, a 4–2 Montreal win. He became the first to score 50 goals in 50 games, a standard that remains one of the most celebrated achievements in NHL history. Richard finished the season with 73 points, seven behind Lach and six ahead of Blake, as the Punch line finished first, second and third in league scoring. ", "In 1945–46 , NHL veterans started returning to the league after serving in World War II . The league became stronger and goal-scoring dropped. The Canadiens again placed first, and won the Stanley Cup. Richard's goal-scoring was reduced to 27 goals while Blake had 29 to lead the Canadiens. Richard and Blake both scored seven goals in the Canadiens' nine-game playoff, losing only one game over two series.", "The 1943-44 campaign silenced the critics. Richard notched 32 regular season goals before adding another dozen in the playoffs. He guided the Habs, who lost only six games from October on, as they rolled to their first Stanley Cup Championship in 13 years.", "Since 1999, the NHL has awarded the Maurice Richard Trophy to the league’s leading goal scorer during the regular season.", "Detroit Chicago Detroit Detroit Chicago Detroit Toronto Toronto Boston Boston Detroit Montreal Montreal Boston Montreal Montreal NY Rangers Detroit Detroit Montreal Boston Detroit Chicago Boston Detroit Detroit Toronto Toronto Toronto NY Rangers Toronto Toronto Detroit Toronto NY Rangers Chicago Boston NY Rangers Mtl. Maroons Boston", "Biography – RICHARD, MAURICE, known as the Rocket – Volume XXII (1991-2000) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography", "1972 - Bobby Hull joined Gordie Howe to become only the second National Hockey League player to score 600 career goals. Hull played for the Chicago Blackhawks and Howe spent his NHL career with the Detroit Red Wings.", "Richard led the league in goals for the fourth time in his career with 37 in 1953–54, then for a fifth time in 1954–55 with 38 (shared with Bernie Geoffrion). He scored his 400th career goal on December 18, 1954, against Chicago. ", "On Gretzky's 18th birthday, January 26, 1979, Pocklington signed him to a 10-year personal services contract (the longest in hockey history at the time) worth C$3 million, with options for 10 more years. Gretzky finished third in the league in scoring at 110 points, behind Robbie Ftorek and Réal Cloutier. Gretzky captured the Lou Kaplan Trophy as rookie of the year, and helped the Oilers to first overall in the league. The Oilers reached the Avco World Trophy finals, where they lost to the Winnipeg Jets in six games. It was Gretzky's only year in the WHA, as the league folded following the season. ", "1999 - Wayne Gretzky (New York Rangers) played his final game in the NHL. He retired as the NHL's all-time leading scorer and holder of 61 individual records.", "1985 - Mike Bossy of the New York Islanders became the first National Hockey League player to score 50 goals in eight consecutive seasons. Two players have scored 50 goals in six seasons: Wayne �The Great One� Gretzky of Los Angeles and Guy Lafleur of Montreal.", "Gordon \"Gordie\" Howe, is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player who played for the Detroit Red Wings and Hartford Whalers of the National Hockey League (NHL) and the Houston Aeros and New England Whalers in the World Hockey Association (WHA). Howe is often referred to as \"Mr. Hockey,\" and is generally regarded as one of the greatest hockey players of all time. ", "Angotti left the team in the off-season and was replaced by Van Impe as team captain. Led by Van Impe and the team-leading 24 goals of Andre Lacroix, the Flyers struggled during their sophomore season by finishing 15 games under .500. Despite their poor regular season showing in 1968–69, they made the playoffs. They again lost to St. Louis, however, this time being dispatched in a four-game sweep. Not wanting his team to be physically outmatched again, owner Ed Snider instructed General Manager Bud Poile to acquire bigger, tougher players. While Head Coach Keith Allen soon after replaced Poile as GM, this mandate eventually led to one of the most feared teams to ever take the ice in the NHL. The keystone of those teams was acquired when the Flyers took a chance on a 19-year-old diabetic from Flin Flon, Manitoba, Bobby Clarke, with their second draft pick, 17th overall, in the 1969 NHL Amateur Draft. Keeping to Snider's mandate, the team also drafted future enforcer Dave Schultz 52nd overall.", "* September 25, 2005, Antoine Lafleur of the P.E.I. Rocket was credited with an empty-net powerplay goal against the Halifax Mooseheads" ]

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[ "Vijay Singh (born 22 February 1963) is a professional golfer who was number one in the Official World Golf Rankings for 32 weeks in 2004 and 2005. A Fijian of Indian, Sikhancestry, he was born in Lautoka, Fiji and grew up in Nadi. His name means Victorious Lion. He has won three major championships (one Masters in 2000 and two PGA Championships in 1998 and 2004) and was the leading PGA Tour money winner in 2003 and 2004. Singh is a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame.", "Vijay Singh, CF (,; born 22 February 1963), nicknamed \"The Big Fijian\", is a Fijian professional golfer who was Number 1 in the Official World Golf Ranking for 32 weeks in 2004 and 2005. He has won three major championships (The Masters in 2000 and the PGA Championship in 1998 and 2004) and was the leading PGA Tour money winner in 2003, 2004 and 2008. He was elected to the World Golf Hall of Fame in 2005 (but deferred his induction until 2006). He won the FedEx Cup in 2008.", "Vijay Singh, CF (Fiji Hindi: विजय सिंह, IPA: [ˈʋɪdʒəj sɪ̃ɦ]; born 22 February 1963), nicknamed \"The Big Fijian\", is a Fijian professional golfer who was Number 1 in the Official World Golf Rankings for 32 weeks in 2004 and 2005. He has won three major championships (The Masters in 2000 and the PGA Championship in 1998 and 2004) and was the leading PGA Tour money winner in 2003, 2004 and 2008. He was elected to the World Golf Hall of Fame in 2005 (but deferred his induction until 2006). He won the FedEx Cup in 2008. An Indo-Fijian of Sikh background, Singh was born in Lautoka, Fiji and grew up in Nadi. A resident of Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida, he is known for his meticulous preparation, often staying at the range hours before and after his tournament rounds working on his game. Singh recollected to reporters about his childhood: \"When we were kids we couldn't afford golf balls so we had to make do with coconuts. My father used to say, 'Little Vijay, golf balls don't fall off trees you know,' so I found some that did!\" Growing up, he played snooker, cricket, football, and also the island's most popular sport, rugby. He is the son of Mohan Singh, an airplane technician who also taught", "Vijay Singh (born 22 February 1963), nicknamed \"The Big Fijian\", is a Fijian professional golfer who was number one in the Official World Golf Rankings for 32 weeks in 2004 and 2005. He has won three major championships (The Masters in 2000 and the PGA Championship in 1998 and 2004) and was the leading PGA Tour money winner in 2003, 2004 and 2008. He was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 2006. He won the FedEx Cup in 2008.An Indo-Fijian of Hindu background, Singh was born in Lautoka, Fiji and grew up in Nadi. His name means Victorious Lion. A resident of Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida, he is known for his meticulous preparation, often staying at the range hours before and after his tournament rounds working on his game.Singh is married to Ardena Seth, who is Malaysian. They have a son, Qass Seth.", "PALM BEACH GARDENS, FL - FEBRUARY 27: Vijay Singh of Fiji plays his tee shot on the par 3, 15th hole during the third round of the 2016 Honda Classic held on the PGA National Course at the PGA National Resort and Spa on February 27, 2016 in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida. (Photo by David Cannon/Getty Images)", "      Fijian golfer Vijay Singh wins the Masters Tournament in Augusta, Ga., with a final score of 10 under par.", "A teenager with an unseen and unmatched passion for golf that took him some considerable heights of success that he could ever have had dreamed for is Vijay Singh. The fulfillment of the dream of life came as he could improve his technique and then come back as a hungry champion. By that Singh is now seen as one of the greats in the field of Golf and has not cited about his salary or his net worth. His bio can be searched in wiki and other relative sites and he mostly active in twitter.", "Vijay Singh smiles with Ernie Els on the 4th hole during the third day of the HSBC World Match Play Championship at Wentworth Golf Course on Oct. 18, 2003.", "The PGA Championship special moments' tradition continued with Shaun Micheel's 2003 final-hole near-hole out for birdie at Oak Hill Country Club. In 2004, Vijay Singh earned his second PGA Championship, outlasting Justin Leonard and Chris DiMarco in a three-hole cumulative score playoff at Whistling Straits in Kohler, Wis., the longest layout (7,536 yards) in major Championship history.", "Tiger Woods (born Eldrick Tont Woods on December 30, 1975 in Cypress, California) is an American professional golfer. Tiger turned pro in 1996 and was ranked number one in the world in June 1997. He remained at the top of his game for years. After issues surfaced in his personal life, he took a break from golfing and dropped to number 58 in the rankings in November 2011. He made a small comeback when he won the Chevron World Challenge in December 2011. In February 2013 he was ranked number 2 in the world after winning the Farmers Insurance Open for the seventh time. Throughout his career Tiger has broken a tremendous amount of golf records and has been the world number one for the most consecutive weeks and for the greatest total number of weeks of any other golfer. He has won 16 World Golf Championships.", "On 6 September 2004 (Labor Day), Singh won the Deutsche Bank Championship in Norton, Massachusetts. With the win, he overtook Tiger Woods at the top of the Official World Golf Ranking, ending Woods' streak of 264 weeks at the top of the golf world.", "Pro golfer Tiger Woods was born in Cypress, California, in 1975. He won the U.S. Masters at Augusta in 1997 with a record score at age 21, making him the youngest man and the first African American to earn the title. Woods won another 13 majors and was named the PGA Player of the Year 10 times over the next 12 years, but he struggled to regain his top form after personal problems surfaced in 2009.", "Singh won the final major of 2004, winning the PGA Championship, his third major, in a three-hole playoff over Justin Leonard and Chris DiMarco. Singh was the leader by one shot over Leonard going into the final round, but made no birdies in the final round, finishing regulation at 67–68–69–76=280. His final round of 76 was the highest winning score by a major champion since 1955. The playoff was a tense affair, and Vijay’s birdie on the first playoff hole, his first birdie of the day, proved to be the difference.", "(Biography) Tiger, real name Eldrick Woods. born 1975, US golfer: youngest US Masters champion and first Black golfer to win a major championship; winner of the US Masters (1997, 2001–02, 2005), US Open (2000, 2002, 2008), British Open Championship (2000, 2005–06), and the PGA Championship (1999, 2000, 2006–07); in 2001 he became the only player to hold all four major titles at once", "Eldrick \"Tiger\" Woods was born on December 30 , 1975 , in Cypress , Calif ., to Earl Woods and Kultida Punsawad. He is the only child of their marriage but has two half-brothers, Earl Jr. and Kevin, and one half-sister, Royce, from the 18-year marriage of Earl and his first wife, Barbara Woods Gray. Earl, a retired U.S. Army lieutenant colonel and Vietnam War veteran was of mixed Black , Chinese and Native American ancestry. Kultida ( nee ), originally from Thailand , is of mixed Thai , Chinese and Dutch ancestry. This makes Woods himself one-fourth Chinese , one-fourth Thai, one-fourth Black, one-eighth Native American and one-eighth Dutch. He refers to his ethnic make-up as Cablinasian (a term he coined from Caucasian, Black, American-Indian and Asian). Woods is Buddhist . He has said that his faith was acquired from his mother and that it helps control both his stubbornness and impatience.", "Theodore Ernest \"Ernie\" Els (born 17 October 1969) is a South African professional golfer. A former World No. 1, he is known as \"The Big Easy\" due to his imposing physical stature (he stands 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m)) along with his fluid golf swing. Among his 67 career victories are four major championships: the U.S. Open in 1994 at Oakmont and in 1997 at Congressional, and The Open Championship in 2002 at Muirfield and in 2012 at Royal Lytham & St Annes. He is one of six golfers to twice win both the U.S. Open and The Open Championship.", "      The coming of jet transport stimulated competition. Ocean hopping became routine, enabling outstanding players from such places as South America, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Fiji, Spain, Japan, and Korea to compete in the premier championships in Great Britain and the United States and on the lucrative U.S. PGA Tour. Since being launched in 1971, the PGA European Tour has grown in terms of prestige and prize money to the extent that American players are frequent participants. By the turn of the 21st century, professional golf was a worldwide phenomenon, with players of various nationalities competing on multiple international tours.", "Singh has won 22 times on the PGA Tour since turning 40 – beating the record previously set by Sam Snead. He is the second man to reach $60 million in PGA Tour career earnings, after Tiger Woods. His 34 career victories are the most on the PGA Tour by a non-American player and place him 14th on the all-time list. He has spent over 540 weeks ranked in the top 10 of the Official World Golf Ranking. Singh's longevity on the PGA Tour and his number of wins earn him a lifetime exemption on the PGA Tour.", "In 1998, Singh was victorious at the PGA Championship at Sahalee Country Club in Sammamish, Washington, playing a 70-66-67-68 over the four days (the 66 tied a course record) and earning him his first Major title. He followed this up by winning The Masters in 2000, with a three-stroke victory over Ernie Els.", "Indian golfer. Was named Asia's Rookie of the Year 2005 at the Asian Tour's Awards Night in Bangkok (Thailand) on December 12, 2005. An active participant in international competitions.", "Singh entered the PGA Tour in 1993, winning his first PGA Tour event, the Buick Classic in a playoff over Mark Wiebe. That victory led to his being named the 1993 PGA Tour Rookie of the Year. After being hampered with back and neck problems in 1994, he came back to win the Buick Classic again in 1995 as well as the Phoenix Open. After playing well in 1996 (but with no victories), he won both the Memorial Tournament and the Buick Open in 1997.", "2003 proved to be a very successful year for Singh. He won four tournaments, had 18 top-10 finishes and was the PGA Tour's money leader (and had the second highest single-season total in PGA Tour history) with $7,573,907, beating Tiger Woods by $900,494, though Singh played 27 tournaments compared to Woods' 18 tournaments. Singh also tied a 9-hole scoring record at the U.S. Open with a 29 on the back nine of his second round. His victories came at the Phoenix Open, the EDS Byron Nelson Championship, the John Deere Classic and the FUNAI Classic at the Walt Disney World Resort. He narrowly lost the vote for the PGA of America's Player of the Year to Tiger Woods.", "In addition, heâs been the 1993 PGA Tour Rookie of the Year. In 2004, heâs remarkably performed as Singh won the PGA Player of the Year, the PGA Tour Player of the Year, the Vardon Trophy, the Europen Tour Player of the Year and the Byron Nelson awards.", "Born Eldrick Woods in Cypress, California, he was nicknamed “Tiger” after Vuong Dang Phong, a Vietnamese friend of his father’s, who served with him in Vietnam . Woods became generally known by that name and by the time he had achieved national prominence in junior and amateur golf was simply known as \"Tiger Woods.\" He grew up in the Los Angeles area, attending high school at Western High in Anaheim. He also served for a semester as a United States House of Representatives Page.", "GAINESVILLE, VA:  The Quicken Loans National (known as the AT&T National from 2007 to 2013) is a professional golf tournament on the PGA Tour in the Washington D.C. area, held either during late June or during the Fourth of July weekend. The event is hosted by Tiger Woods and benefits the Tiger Woods Foundation. The first edition in 2007 was held July 5–8 at the Blue Course of the Congressional Country Club in Bethesda, Maryland, northwest of Washington. The event returned to Congressional in 2008 and 2009 and has been held midway between the U.S. Open and The Open Championship to ensure a strong field of competitors.", "Arjun Singh Atwal (born 20 March 1973) is an professional golfer who has played on the Asian Tour and the European Tour and is the first player born in India to become a member of, and later win a tournament on the U.S.-based PGA Tour .", "At birth, Woods was given \"Eldrick\" and \"Tont\" as first and middle names. His middle name, Tont, is a traditional Thai name. He got his nickname from a Vietnamese soldier friend of his father, Vuong Dang Phong, to whom his father had also given the \"Tiger\" nickname. He became generally known by that name and by the time he had achieved national prominence in junior and amateur golf, he was simply known as \"Tiger\" Woods. He grew up in Orange County, California and graduated from Western High School in Anaheim in 1994.", "Gary Player was the first \"international\" golfer to gain stardom. By \"international,\" we mean non-American and non-European, and we also mean world-traveler.", "under. Atwal has won on the European, Asian and Nationwide tours, certainly has been through plenty during the past few years. Top golfer and Arjun’s fellow American Tiger Woods, India’s sports minister M S Gill, Asian Tour’s Executive Chairman Kyi Hla Han were among many who congratulated Atwal for his maiden PGA triumph. With the title win, Atwal has got a two-year berth on the PGA Tour.", "The Gary Player Invitational (GPI) global series consists of charity golf tournaments held in the USA, Europe, China, and South Africa. Each event pairs celebrities and professional golfers with international businessmen in a Pro-Am team competition.", "Player, living up to one of his many monickers as \"The International Ambassador of Golf,\" is estimated to have flown more than 15 million miles traversing the globe to play golf tournaments .", "Following the foundation of the European Tour and the opening of the Ryder Cup to European players, sponsorship grew and European golf blossomed into a money market comparable to that of the US tour. One final ingredient was required however - a star with the charisma of a Palmer and the appeal of a Nicklaus. And so as they say, a star was born. 1979 saw a smiling young genius becoming the first Spaniard to win the Open, with Jack Nicklaus coming second in the race for the Claret Jug for a record seventh time - Seve had arrived on the world scene." ]

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[ "Kirk Douglas established his image as a tough guy in his eighth film, Champion, playing a selfish boxer. From then on, Kirk Douglas made a career of playing \"sons of bitches.\"[16] From that film on, Kirk Douglas decided that to succeed as a star, Kirk Douglas needed to ramp up his intensity, overcome his natural shyness, and choose stronger roles. Kirk Douglas later stated, \"I don�t think I�d be much of an actor without vanity. And I�m not interested in being a 'modest actor'.\"[17] Early in his Hollywood career, Kirk Douglas demonstrated his independent streak and broke his studio contracts to gain total control over his projects, forming his own movie company \"Bryna Productions\", named after his mother.[8]", "The son of Russian Jewish immigrants, he was born Issur Danielovitch and later became known as Izzy Demsky before taking the stage name Kirk Douglas. He worked as an usher, a bellhop, a waiter, and a professional wrestler while attending St. Lawrence University in Canton, New York (B.A., 1939) and the American Academy of Dramatic Art (1939–41) in New York City . He played mostly minor roles on Broadway before and soon after service in the U.S. Navy (1943–44) and then was drawn to Hollywood. After his first film, The Strange Love of Martha Ivers (1946) with Barbara Stanwyck , Douglas played supporting roles in several notable films, including Out of the Past (1947), Mourning Becomes Electra (1947), and I Walk Alone (1948). He emerged as a star with an Oscar-nominated performance as a ruthless boxer in Champion (1949). In this film, Douglas established a screen persona of a cocky, intense, self-absorbed individual. His on-screen charisma made him an audience favourite despite numerous such roles in which he portrayed men with an abundance of tragic flaws. “I’ve made a career of playing sons-of-bitches,” he once said.", "Unable to afford tuition, Kirk Douglas talked his way into St. Lawrence University and received a loan which Kirk Douglas paid back by working part-time as a gardener and a janitor. Kirk Douglas was a standout on the wrestling team, and wrestled one summer in a carnival to make money.[10]", "Kirk Douglas (born Issur Danielovitch; December 9, 1916) is an American actor, producer, director, and author. After an impoverished childhood with immigrant parents and six sisters, he had his film debut in The Strange Love of Martha Ivers (1946) with Barbara Stanwyck. Douglas soon developed into a leading box-office star throughout the 1950s and 1960s, known for serious dramas, including westerns and war movies. During a sixty-year acting career, he has appeared in over 90 movies, and in 1960 was responsible for helping to end the Hollywood blacklist.", "Coming from a poor family, as a boy Kirk Douglas sold snacks to mill workers to earn enough to buy milk and bread. Later, Kirk Douglas delivered newspapers and worked at more than forty jobs before becoming an actor.[7] Kirk Douglas found living in a family of six sisters to be stifling, stating, \"I was dying to get out. In a sense, it lit a fire under me.\"[8] During high school, Kirk Douglas acted in school plays, and discovered \"The one thing in my life that I always knew, that was always constant, was that I wanted to be an actor.\"[9]", "Kirk Douglas (born Issur Danielovitch, Russian: И́серДаниело́вич;[2] December 9, 1916) is a Jewish born American stage and film actor, film producer and author. His popular films include Out of the Past (1947), Champion (1949), Ace in the Hole (1951), The Bad and the Beautiful (1952), Lust for Life (1956), Paths of Glory (1957), Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (1957), Spartacus (1960), and Lonely Are the Brave (1962).", "The actor was born Issur Danielovitch in 1916 in Amsterdam, New York, although he changed his name to Kirk Douglas as he started his acting career.", "His stage break occurred in Kiss and Tell, which led to a string of successful, but not so memorable roles. Kirk's signature image of a \"tough son of a bitch\" was created by him during the filming of Champion (1949): he decided that, to achieve success, he had to be as bold and intense on the silver screen. This played a great role in his career, as his roles in the 50s and 60s were a stunning commercial success, including the cult film Spartacus, which was significant in several ways. First, it was the most epic movie of the time; second, it was the first of Douglas' films where he not only starred, but also acted as the producer, raising considerable investment ($12 million - almost $100 mln in today's money); and third it was the film that basically ended the McCarthy-era blacklists - Douglas insisted on crediting the blacklisted Dalton Trumbo for the screenplay.", "Douglas' own evolution into a premier character actor was completed by the early 1960s. His years of movie exile seemed to deepen him, making him richer, and he returned to the big screen a more authoritative actor. For his second role after coming off of the graylist, he won a Best Supporting Actor Oscar as Paul Newman 's father in Hud . Other films in which he shined were Paddy Chayefsky 's The Americanization of Emily , CBS Playhouse (a 1967 episode directed by George Schaefer called \"Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night\", for which he won a Best Actor Emmy) and The Candidate , in which he played Robert Redford 's father. It was for his performance playing Gene Hackman 's father that Douglas got his sole Best Actor Academy Award nod, in I Never Sang for My Father . He had a career renaissance in the late 1970s, appearing in The Seduction of Joe Tynan , Being There and Ghost Story . He won his second Oscar for \"Being There.\"", "Michael Kirk Douglas was born in New Jersey on 25 September 1944. His parents, Hollywood star Kirk Douglas and Bermudian actress Diana Dill, divorced when he was seven.", "He started tap dancing as a boy (a skill that eventually contributed to his Academy Award) and was nicknamed \"Cellar-Door Cagney\" after his habit of dancing on slanted cellar doors. He was a good street fighter , defending his older brother Harry, a medical student, when necessary. He engaged in amateur boxing, and was a runner-up for the New York State lightweight title. His coaches encouraged him to turn professional, but his mother would not allow it. He also played semiprofessional baseball for a local team, and entertained dreams of playing in the Major Leagues .", "When Douglas fought Holyfield later that year, he was paid $24 million. He was put down in the third and stopped. He admitted later his mind was not in the right place. Douglas ballooned to 25st, came back six years later, won eight of nine fights, but his heart was never in it. He tried all manner of careers, even attempting an acting career in a sci-fi movie which flopped three years ago - in which he played a detective.", "Was named to Quigley Publications' Top 10 Poll of Money-Making Stars six times between 1985 and 1995, hitting a high of #2 in 1987. Surprising, despite a career that has spanned seven decades, his father, Kirk Douglas , never made the list, the annual poll of movie exhibitors that ranks the top stars in terms of box-office drawing power.", "Hedda Hopper told him after he became a star with Champion (1949), \"Now that you're a big hit, you've become a real S.O.B.\" Douglas replied,\" You're wrong. I was always an S.O.B. You just never noticed before.\". See more »", "Michael Douglas is an actor and producer who has stayed successful over a long career in Hollywood. He has won 2 Oscars and is highly respected in the industry. He is married to fellow actress Catherine Zeta-Jones who is 25 years younger than him (interestingly they share a birthday as both were born on the 25th of September). His father, Kirk Douglas, was also one of the world’s biggest movie stars in the 1940′s and 50′s. The following is a list of movies that Michael Douglas has been involved with over his career.", "All-American half-back football star Johnny Mack Brown, a future star of B-westerns for over two decades, signed a contract with MGM, thereby becoming the first sports star to sustain a career in motion pictures.", "During his career he appeared with such stars such as Kirk Douglas, Sir Alec Guinness and Charlton Heston.", "GOT A LUST FOR LIFE | KIRK DOUGLAS THE ROLE THAT ALMOST CRACKED HIM | The Selvedge Yard", "Douglas maintained his status as a top box-office draw for the next decade with such classic films as Stanley Kubrick ’s Paths of Glory (1957) and Spartacus (1960), Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (1957), The Devil’s Disciple (1959), Lonely Are the Brave (1962), Seven Days in May (1964), and In Harm’s Way (1965). Thereafter, the quality of Douglas’s films declined, although he remained highly active, averaging at least one film per year until the late 1980s. The better films of his later career include The Brotherhood (1968), There Was a Crooked Man (1970), The Fury (1978), The Man from Snowy River (1982), and Tough Guys (1986), Douglas’s seventh and last film with his close friend Burt Lancaster . Douglas also directed two films, the ill-conceived pirate comedy Scalawag (1973), and the cynical western adventure Posse (1975), which became a cult favourite.", "This black and white film depicts the life of a traveling tour professional, Ben Hogan, played by Glenn Ford. Even as a poor child Hogan had a love for the game of golf. He got a job as a caddy, where he learned the rules of the game and helped pull his family out of their financial rut.", "Douglas played military men in numerous films, with varying nuance, including Top Secret Affair (1957), Town Without Pity (1961), The Hook (1963), Seven Days in May (1964), Heroes of Telemark (1965), In Harm's Way (1965), Cast a Giant Shadow (1966), Is Paris Burning (1966), The Final Countdown (1980) and Saturn 3 (1980). His distinctive acting style and delivery made him a favorite with television impersonators such as Frank Gorshin, Rich Little and David Frye. ", "The other difference between the Globetrotters and the Renaissance was in the treatment of players. While Douglas was a tough businessman, he was also known to offer his players fair contracts.", "As an actor and philanthropist, Douglas has received three Academy Award nominations, an Oscar for Lifetime Achievement, and the Medal of Freedom. As an author, he has written 10 novels and memoirs. Currently, he is No. 17 on the American Film Institute's list of the greatest male screen legends in American film history, and the highest-ranked living person on the list. After barely surviving a helicopter crash in 1991 and then suffering a stroke in 1996, he has focused on renewing his spiritual and religious life. He lives with Anne, his wife of over 60 years.", "Jim Thorpe Actor, Wagon Master Renowned Native American athlete who excelled in the 1912 Olympic games in Stockholm but was later stripped of his Olympic medals for having previously received monetary compensation for engaging in professional sport. He later showed up on movie screens as a bit player in westerns. He was portrayed by Burt Lancaster in the film Jim Thorpe -- All-American .", "Douglas's career includes a diverse range of films in independent and blockbuster genres, for which he has received a number of accolades, both competitive and honorary. These awards include the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award for \"outstanding contributions to the world of entertainment\" and the AFI Life Achievement Award, which \"honor[s] an individual whose career in motion pictures or television has greatly contributed to the enrichment of American culture\". ", "The most famous of all father-son duos is an honor bestowed upon Kirk and Michael Douglas. After years of paving their own lanes in Hollywood - Kirk with \"Spartacus\" and \"Lust for Life\" and Michael with \"Wall Street\" and \"The Game\" - their roads converged with \"It Runs in the Family\" in 2003. The film also starred Michael's son Cameron.", "'As the league stayed afloat, they began to recruit better and better players and started to enjoy greater success. In 1964, the NFL signed a two-year deal with CBS worth $28.2 million ($195 million modern), about $1 million per team. Just one year later, the AFL resigned with ABC for another five-year deal, this time worth $36 million ($245 million), just under $1 million per team. Also in 1965, the New York Jets (and the AFL) received a huge boost when they signed Alabama QB Joe Namath, who had also been courted by the NFL's St. Louis Cardinals. The Jets signed the man who would come to be known as \"Broadway Joe\" to pro football's first $400,000 contract (worth $2.72 million today). Namath wasn't only a talented quarterback, he became one of the most popular football players in the country, and playing in the media capital of the world only helped. The AFL had its biggest star, and he outshone even the NFL's biggest names.'", "Burt Reynolds, who carried the nickname Buddy, was educated in Palm Beach High School before continuing his studies at Florida State University on a football scholarship. He was so good that the Baltimore Colts National Football League team drafted him. Unfortunately, a knee injury in 1955 and then a devastating car accident forced Burt to dump his sports� career. Burt switched from athletics to collage drama and later won a scholarship to the Hyde Park Playhouse.", "Trivia: Was part Cherokee descent. Played Bret Maverick in Maverick and Jim Rockford from The Rockford Files. Received two Purple Hearts. Married his wife after knowing her for 2 weeks (but at least it worked out, mostly). Owned an auto racing team between 1967 and 1969. Was an avid golfer. Joined Martin Luther King Jr. in “The March on Washington” and sat in the third row during King’s “I Have a Dream” speech. Was a big Oakland Raiders fan.", "Hughes was an excellent and enthusiastic golfer from a young age, often scoring near par figures, and held a handicap of three during his twenties. He played frequently with top players, including Gene Sarazen . Hughes rarely played competitively, and gradually gave up his passion for the sport to pursue other interests.", "Hughes was an excellent and enthusiastic golfer from a young age, often scoring near par figures, and held a handicap of three during his twenties. He played frequently with top players, including Gene Sarazen. Hughes rarely played competitively, and gradually gave up his passion for the sport to pursue other interests. ", "A television movie based on fact about the 30-year-old former college football star who developed Lou Gehrig's disease and went on to coach a high school football team to victory. (1988)" ]

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[ "When the next Census of England and Wales was taken, on 3 April 1881, the twenty-year-old Renshaw twins, William in particular, were on the verge of their initial greatest successes at tennis, or lawn tennis, as it was known in those days. In the interim, i.e. between the years 1871 and 1881, they had acquired two step-sisters, Ida (b. 1872) and Nellie (b. 1876). Both of these girls were given their father’s surname, Meara, but William and Ernest, and, probably, their sister, Edith, retained their biological father’s surname, Renshaw.", "Tennis was beginning to grow in popularity as a spectator sport. The growth of the sport and of the Wimbledon Championships was owed partly to the success of William and Ernest Renshaw, British twins who combined for 13 singles and doubles titles in eight years between 1881 and 1889. That period of surging interest among London spectators became known as the \"Renshaw Rush.\"", "The maximum crowd was seen during the matches played by British twins Ernest and William Renshaw, who emerged as outstanding players. They won 13 titles (separately as well as doubles partners) between 1881 and 1889. The era was dubbed as 'Renshaw Rush'. However, the public affection for Wimbledon waned with the advent of the 1890s. The popularity picked up pace in 1897, when the legendary Doherty brothers, Laurie and Reggie, entered the championships. In following decade, the championship was simply ruled by them.", "In later years the Renshaw twins virtually ceased entering open lawn tennis tournaments. According to several sources, the brothers were regular visitors to Cannes early in the season. They would practise and play lawn tennis on the clay courts of the Beau Site Hotel, for many years the venue of the Cannes Championships tournament. Unfortunately, the records for the very early French Riviera tournaments are poor to non-existent.", "The following year, Gore's innovation was met with a new one, when a man named Frank Hadow in effect invented the lob shot, pitching the ball over Gore's head. A gentler game persisted at Wimbledon until 1881, when twin brothers William and Ernest Renshaw debuted the overhead serve they had been practicing against each other. The awe-struck spectators dubbed it the \"Renshaw Smash,\" and it earned William seven titles that decade, and Ernest one.", "In early September 1889, Ernest Renshaw once again took part in the doubles event at the tournament held in Devonshire Park, Eastbourne, now officially designated the South of England Championships. Ernest once again won the doubles event at Eastbourne, this time with Harry Barlow. In the final they beat the Baddeley brothers, Wilfred and Herbert, 6-1, 4-6, 6-4, 7-5. His opponent there was the nineteen-year-old Wilfred Baddeley. Like the Renshaws, the Baddeley were twins. They would become an excellent doubles combination, but Wilfred would always be the far better singles player.", "“Quite well do I remember Ernest Renshaw standing on the bank above the court (he had just disposed of his man), looking moodily on at his brother’s vain efforts to stem the tide of defeat. Had he a presentiment that he would share his brother’s fate on the morrow at the hands of the same player? At this distance of time I cannot recall much of the details of the game, but it seemed to me that the returns were not of a desperately severe character, and that they were rather high over the net. There was some volleying, but it did not greatly impress me. That, then, was my first sight of a player who performances were soon to carry his name round the world.”", "Now fast-forward to the late 19th century and early 20th century, when football as we know it today was just starting to distinguish itself from older, related games like rugby and associate football (now known as soccer).", "Castleford Tigers are a professional rugby league club based in Castleford in West Yorkshire , England . They participate in the professional European competition Super League . They are sometimes known as 'Cas', 'Cas Tigers', 'Classy Cas' or the 'Black & Amber'. In the early days many of their supporters worked as glassblowers which is another of the club's nicknames.", "Rugby: developed in Britain around 1823, its origin is at Rugby School, Warwickshire, where legend has it pupil William Webb Ellis picked up a football during a game and ran with it; the rules were codified first by pupils 25 years later; the League code split from the Union code in 1895; the first rugby union tour was that of the New Zealand All Blacks in 1905, with only Wales beating them; the Rugby World Cup, for the Webb Ellis Trophy, was won by England in 2003; victory was sealed via a sublimely iconic drop-goal by Jonny Wilkinson; Scotland vs England for the Calcutta Cup is the oldest international rugby fixture, starting in 1871; Six Nations Rugby venues include Twickenham; American football evolved from the same common ancestor as rugby, British football", "The twins made their first representative cricket team when they were selected for the Bankstown District under-10s at the age of eight. In 1976, the twins were the youngest ever to be selected in the New South Wales Primary Schools' soccer team. Playing for Panania Primary School, the twins swept their school to win the Umbro International Shield, a statewide knockout soccer competition, scoring all of their team's three goals in the final. They were a key part of their school's consecutive state cricket championships, and were part of the school tennis team that came second in the state in their final year. In his final year, Steve was the vice-captain of the cricket team and captained the state soccer team. The twins were instrumental in New South Wales winning the cricket carnival without a defeat, in one match combining in a partnership of 150.", "Cricket, however, was always the Bedsers' first love, and they were fortunate to come to the notice of the Rev RT Jourdain, the cricket-mad vicar of All Saints, Woodham, where they sang in the choir. Jourdain organised matches in which the twins began to shine. He also took them to see Surrey v Middlesex at the Oval, and (in June 1932) England v India at Lord's.", "The Commonwealth sports The story goes that one day in 1823, William Webb Ellis, a pupil at Rugby School, decided to run with the ball during a football game, and rugby was born. The game was named after the school where it all began, with its popularity soon extending to Scotland, Ireland and Wales. From there, it spread globally to most of the British Empire, particularly India, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. The game was passed through British expatriates, military and university students, who were studying or working abroad. The soldiers and civil servants would keep fit by playing rugby, and they demonstrated the sport to the locals.", "England and Scotland had the first leagues, but clubs sprang up in most European nations in the 1890s and 1900s, enabling these nations to found their own leagues. Many Scottish professional players migrated south to join English clubs, introducing English players and audiences to more-advanced ball-playing skills and to the benefits of teamwork and passing. Up to World War II , the British continued to influence football’s development through regular club tours overseas and the Continental coaching careers of former players. Itinerant Scots were particularly prominent in central Europe. The interwar Danubian school of football emerged from the coaching legacies and expertise of John Madden in Prague and Jimmy Hogan in Austria.", "It was in 1918 that a stocky little 18-year old Lancashire lad from Widnes signed a league form for the Albion while actually in the trenches in France. Previously a Rugby player, he had only taken up soccer while in the Army, but he played it to perfection. He first appeared in the Albion's League team as inside right to Claude Jephcott, then took the latter's place after his first injury and eventually became a right half back, in which capacity he, like Buck, and McNeal, completely disproved the theory that the best halves are big 'uns. He gained an International cap and a Cup Winner's medal and it is said that the Albion nickname of \"Baggies\" is derived from a corruption of Magee, pronounced like \"Maggie\".", "Doherty won the doubles title ( gold medals were not given at the 1900 Games) at the 1900 Olympic Games in Paris with his brother. He also competed in the singles tournament and reached the semi-final where he was scheduled to play against his brother. Reggie withdrew, since the brothers refused to play each other before the final [4] . He also won the mixed doubles title with five-time Wimbledon champion Charlotte Cooper . Doherty did not compete in the 1904 Olympics in St. Louis . In the 1908 Olympics in London Reggie again won the doubles title, this time with compatriot George Hillyard [5] .", "And rugby league has led the way for other sports too, introducing floodlighting, substitutes and Sunday matches before soccer or rugby union. The game was importing stars from around the world in the 1900s - stars like Albert Rosenfeld at Huddersfield, Lance Todd at Wigan and Jimmy Devereux at Hull were adding cosmopolitan glamour to rugby league decades before Premier League became a destination for soccer’s global stars.", "In 1872 both men moved to Leamington, and with two doctors from the Warneford Hospital, played pelota on the lawn behind the Manor House Hotel. The hotel bears a plaque erected during the centenary celebrations held on 11 June 1972, which reads: ‘In 1872 Major Harry Gem with his friend Mr. B. Pereira, joined with Dr. Frederick Haynes and Dr. A. Wellesley Tomkins to found the first lawn tennis club in the world and played the game on nearby lawns’. In 1874 they formed the Leamington Tennis Club, setting out the original rules of the game which form the basis of the modern ones. The Courier of 23 July 1884 recorded one of the first tennis tournaments, held in the grounds of Shrubland Hall.(demolished 1948)", "Sheffield has a long sporting heritage. In 1857 a collective of cricketers formed the world's first-ever official football club, Sheffield F.C., and the world's second-ever, Hallam F.C., who also play at the world's oldest football ground in the suburb of Crosspool. Sheffield and Hallam are today Sheffield's two major non-league sides, although Sheffield now play just outside the city in nearby Dronfield, Derbyshire. Sheffield and Hallam contest what has become known as the Sheffield derby. By 1860 there were 15 football clubs in Sheffield, with the first ever amateur league and cup competitions taking place in the city. ", "The first football league in the world was established in 1888 by Aston Villa director William McGregor. Aston Villa was the most successful English club of the Victorian era, winning five League titles and three FA Cups by the end of Queen Victoria's reign. Other prominent clubs of the era were Blackburn Rovers, Sunderland and Preston North End. The end of the 19th century saw Britain being swept by football mania, attracting huge crowds of largely working class men.", "As football developed in the 1860s and 1870s, the offside law proved the biggest argument between the clubs. Sheffield got rid of the \"kick throughs\" by amending their laws so that one member of the defending side was required between a forward player and the opponent's goal; the Football Association also compromised slightly and adopted the Cambridge idea of three. Finally, Sheffield came into line with the F.A., and \"three players\" were the rule until 1925.", "In late May of 1893, both William and Ernest Renshaw entered the singles event at the Irish Championships in late May. Being the holder of the singles title, Ernest was able to sit out to see who would come through to play him in the Challenge Round. It would not be his brother, William, because, after reaching the semi-finals, William lost at that stage to Joshua Pim, the score being 6-1, 6-4, 6-1.", "Stick-and-ball game played between two teams of 15 players each, popular in Ireland. Its object is to hit the ball, by means of a curved stick, into the opposing team's goal. If the ball passes under the goal's crossbar three points are scored; if it passes above the crossbar one point is scored. First played over 3,000 years ago, the game was at one time outlawed. The rules were standardized 1884, and are now under the control of the Gaelic Athletic Association. The premier competition, the All-Ireland Championship, was first held 1887.", "In mid-June, William and Ernest Renshaw travelled to Liverpool to defend their doubles title at the Northern Championships tournament, which was held in that city in 1884. In the Challenge Round the twins defeated the Americans James Dwight and Richard Sears, 6-2, 6-4, 6-3.", "The first pair of brothers to play together at international level were James and Robert Smith of South Norwood Football Club, who played for Scotland in the first ever internatial against England way back in 1872. Robert Smith started the game outfield but replaced captain Bob Gardner in goal at the start of the Second Half. Both he and Gardner kept a clean sheet in a 0-0 draw.", "The early Sheffield Rules were particularly important as their offside system allowed poaching or sneaking and thus demonstrated the use of the forward pass: Players known as \"kick throughs\" were positioned permanently near the opponents goal to receive these balls. According to C.W. Alcock the Sheffield style gave birth to the modern passing game. The Sheffield Rules of 1862later included both crossbars and half time and free kicks were introduced to their code in 1866.", "Goalkeeper Jimmy Trainer and his brother Harry both played for Wales towards the end of the 19th Century. Jimmy even captained his country when Wales played England between the years 1895-97.", "During this period, the team picked up the affectionate nickname the Busby Babes, because of the youthfulness of many of the players he fielded. They won the league in both 1956 and 1957, and were runners-up to Aston Villa in the 1957 FA Cup Final. The young side was so successful that centre-forward Tommy Taylor and goalkeeper Harry Gregg were United's only major signings over a spell of almost five years.", "The number of players increased to ten in 1895 and by 1913 there were twelve players, known by the positions in use today. The players used long sticks with short handles.", "Bradley played for several seasons in the top flight for QPR, while Clive famously played for almost every club in England. Cousins Paul and Martin also played in Division One, but weren’t brothers.", "Several of the Busby Babes were legendary. To captain the pre-Munich team, you would have to be someone special. That man was Roger Byrne.", "I remember watching an F.A. Cup-tie between London Brick (Phorpres) and the renowned Kettering Town, which I believe Kettering won 4-3 but not before a few punch-ups and a sending-off. I recall the names of Eric (Tubby) Woods (son Ray later played for Posh and Southend), Len Burnham, goalkeeper Harbour, ‘Dubber’ Cox, Percy Moulds and Bert Browning. The game was played at Bunting’s Lane, just off the Stanground-Farcet Road." ]

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[ "William Harrison \"Jack\" Dempsey (June 24, 1895 – May 31, 1983), known as the The Manassa Mauler, was an American professional boxer. He was a cultural icon of the 1920s. He held the World Heavyweight Championship from 1919 to 1926. Dempsey's aggressive style and exceptional punching power made him one of the most popular boxers in history.", "William Harrison \"Jack\" Dempsey (June 24, 1895 – May 31, 1983), also known as \"Kid Blackie\" and \"The Manassa Mauler\", was an American professional boxer, who became a cultural icon of the 1920s. Dempsey held the World Heavyweight Championship from 1919 to 1926, and his aggressive style and exceptional punching power made him one of the most popular boxers in history. Many of his fights set financial and attendance records, including the first million-dollar gate. Listed at #10 on The Ring's list of all-time heavyweights and #7 among its Top 100 Greatest Punchers, in 1950 the Associated Press voted Dempsey as the greatest fighter of the past 50 years. Dempsey is a member of the International Boxing Hall of Fame, and was inducted into The Ring magazine's Boxing Hall of Fame in 1951.", "William Harrison \"Jack\" Dempsey (June 24, 1895 – May 31, 1983), also known as \"Kid Blackie\" and \"The Manassa Mauler\", was an American professional boxer, who became a cultural icon of the 1920s. Dempsey held the World Heavyweight Championship from 1919 to 1926, and his aggressive style and exceptional punching power made him one of the most popular boxers in history. Many of his fights set financial and attendance records, including the first million-dollar gate. Listed at #10 on The Ring's list of all-time heavyweights and #7 among its Top 100 Greatest Punchers, in 1950 the Associated Press voted Dempsey as the greatest fighter of the past 50 years. Dempsey is a member of the International Boxing Hall of Fame, and was inducted into The Ring magazine's Boxing Hall of Fame in 1951.", "\"The Manassa Mauler\" Jack Dempsey was an aggressive, hard-hitting American boxer who held the world heavyweight title for an astounding seven years between 1919 and 1926. Other than Joe Louis' 11-year title reign, Dempsey's reign as heavyweight titleholder is the longest ever.", "(William Harrison Dempsey), 1895–1983, American boxer, b. Manassa, Colo. Dempsey, called the \"Manassa Mauler,\" emerged from fights on saloon floors near mining camps to become (1919) the world's heavyweight champion and one of the major sports figures of the", "Jack Dempsey American Boxer Held world heavyweight title from 1919 to 1926 Member of international boxing hall of Fame Known as The Manassa Mauler Best. - ppt download", "Jack Dempsey American Boxer Held world heavyweight title from 1919 to 1926 Member of international boxing hall of Fame Known as The Manassa Mauler Best.", "Jack The \"Manassa Mauler\" fought during a time where the Yankees were king and baseball ruled the sports world. Jack was able to swing some of this popularity into the boxing world, becoming one of boxing's first superstars.", "The Manassa Mauler, who rode the rods on his way to fame and fortune, landed in New York broke and pleaded for a chance to display his fight qualities. He had many managers but only Kearns gets credit for Dempsey’s fabulous career.", "The Manassa Mauler won the Heavyweight Title by knocking out Jess Willard in the third round in 1919.", "From that fight on, the Manassa Mauler's popularity grew. \"He was reviled as a slacker during World War I, and although a jury exonerated him of a charge of draft dodging, the odium cling to him until the night Tunney punched him almost blind and took his title,\" Smith wrote.", "Part of the site of the battle is now Manassas National Battlefield Park. Located north of Manassas, in Prince William County, Virginia, it preserves the site of two major American Civil War battles: the First Battle of Bull Run on July 21, 1861, and the Second Battle of Bull Run which was fought between August 28 and August 30, 1862 (also known as the First Battle of Manassas and the Second Battle of Manassas, respectively). The peaceful Virginia countryside bore witness to clashes between the armies of the North (Union) and the South (Confederacy), and it was there that Confederate General Thomas J. Jackson acquired his nickname \"Stonewall.\"", "For the first time in his career, the Manassa Mauler found himself entirely on the receiving end.", "Confederate General Thomas Jonathan Jackson earned his famous nickname, \"Stonewall,\" from his steadfast defensive efforts in the First Battle of Bull Run (First Manassas). At Chancellorsville, Jackson was shot by one of his own men, who mistook him for Union cavalry. His arm was amputated, and he died from pneumonia eight days later.", "July 21, 1861 - At the First Battle of Manassas, G. T. Beauregard acts as second in command to Joseph E. Johnston as they rout Union forces under Irvin McDowell.", "(CSA) Term for 116th Infantry Regiment, commanded by Thomas J. Jackson at First Manassas during the American Civil War, where he earned the nickname \"Stonewall\".", "Following a wide-ranging flanking march, Confederate Maj. Gen. Thomas J. \"Stonewall\" Jackson captured the Union supply depot at Manassas Junction, threatening Pope's line of communications with Washington, D.C. Withdrawing a few miles to the northwest, Jackson took up defensive positions on Stony Ridge. On August 28, 1862, Jackson attacked a Union column just east of Gainesville, at Brawner's Farm, resulting in a stalemate. On that same day, the wing of Lee's army commanded by Maj. Gen. James Longstreet broke through light Union resistance in the Battle of Thoroughfare Gap and approached the battlefield.", "this was also known as the \"first Manassas\" . Was fought in Prince William Country, Virginia near the town Manassas. This was the first major land battle of the American civil war.", "Thomas Jonathan \"Stonewall\" Jackson (January 21, 1824 – May 10, 1863) was a Confederate general during the American Civil War, and probably the most well-known Confederate commander after General Robert E. Lee. His military career includes the Valley Campaign of 1862 and his service as a corps commander in the Army of Northern Virginia under Robert E. Lee. Confederate pickets accidentally shot him at the Battle of Chancellorsville on May 2, 1863, which the general survived, albeit with the loss of an arm to amputation. However, he died of complications of pneumonia eight days later. His death was a severe setback for the Confederacy, affecting not only its military prospects, but also the morale of its army and of the general public.", "In the spring of 1864, Nathan Bedford Forrest began an expedition that reached Paducah, Kentucky, on the Ohio River before rampaging against Federal installations in West Tennessee. Stories that his men massacred Union soldiers, particularly members of the United States Colored Troops captured at Fort Pillow , a poorly designed Mississippi River fort north of Memphis, gained instant credence in the North, but two official inquiries were unable to reach a conclusion about what had actually happened. At New Johnsonville, Tennessee, Forrest gained the distinction of commanding the only cavalry group ever to defeat gunboats, when they sunk or frightened crews into scuttling four ships.", "an American soldier, businessman, educator, and author. He served as a General in the Union Army during the American Civil War (1861–65. Criticized for the of the \"scorched earth\" tactics used against the Confederacy.", "This study evaluates Confederate cavalry operations 12 June to 3 July 1862, as a prelude to and as a part of the “Seven Days Campaign.” General Robert E. Lee's Seven Days Campaign succeeded in defeating a Union offensive aimed at Richmond, Virginia and served as an important turning point in the American Civil War. The thesis seeks to determine the substantive contributions General J. E. B. Stuart's cavalry brigade made to this Confederate victory, as well as to assess the strengths and shortcomings of his particular style of mounted employment. Stuart launched an armed reconnaissance 12-15 June 1862 known thereafter as the “Chickahominy Raid” that provided intelligence vital to General Lee's success in the campaign and helped to bolster sagging Confederate morale. This was the first of the Confederate cavalry leader's renowned raids, a style of operation that would be adopted by other Confederate cavalry leader's renowned raids, a style of operation that would be adopted by other Confederate mounted units and the Union cavalry as well. Stuart also attempted to strike out independently during the Seven Days Campaign itself, but his activities in this regard were not well synchronized with the rest of Lee's army. As a result, Stuart missed opportunities to play a more decisive role in the battles outside Richmond.", "* Union General George Henry Thomas would earn his eternal nickname “The Rock of Chickamauga” as his units would stand and fight the Rebel divisions  as they poured through the gap on the afternoon of the 20th. He had extended his flanks farther than the Confederates had expected and had built defenses that would prove costly to the Rebels.", "George H. Thomas, one of the lesser known commanders of The American Civil War today, had two nicknames given to him during the Western campaigns. At the route at Chickamauga, Thomas rallied several Union units to allow the rest of the Army to retreat back to Chattanooga. On Snodgrass Hill, his command stood as a rock, earning him the nickname \"The Rock of Chickamauga\". Later, during the Battle of Nashville, his breaking up of the Confederate Army of Tennessee under John Bell Hood earned him the title \"The Sledge of Nashville.\"", "In 1774, the Crown Governor of Virginia John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore, led a force over the mountains, and a body of militia under then-Colonel Andrew Lewis dealt the Shawnee Indians, under Hokoleskwa (or \"Cornstalk\"), a crushing blow during the Battle of Point Pleasant at the junction of the Kanawha and the Ohio rivers. At the Treaty of Camp Charlotte concluding Dunmore's War, Cornstalk agreed to recognize the Ohio as the new boundary with the \"Long Knives\". By 1776, however, the Shawnee had returned to war, joining the Chickamauga. Native American attacks continued until after the American Revolutionary War. During the war, the settlers in western Virginia were generally active Whigs and many served in the Continental Army. However, Claypool's Rebellion of 1780–1781, in which a group of men refused to pay taxes imposed by the Continental Army showed war-weariness in West Virginia.", "An engagement occurs in southeastern Virginia, near Suffolk, as forces under Michael Corcoran and Roger Atkinson Pryor clash.  Fighting at Kelly’s Store or Deserted House ends as Pryor’s Confederate troops pull back from their probe toward the rail and road junction that leads to Norfolk and Portsmouth.  The fight has been short, but sharp, with approximately 143 Union and 52 Confederate casualties.  One Floyd County, Va., Southerner explains of his experience under fire: “The Canon Shot flew thick among us.  I cold see the canon balls flying with a streak of fier to them for it was before day.  This is level country and no hills to Shelter a man from a canon ball.” ", "    Rank and organization: Corporal, Company B, 36th U.S. Colored Troops. Place and date: At Chapins Farm, Va., September 30th,  1864.Entered service at: Norfolk, Va. Birth: Princess Anne County, Va. Date of issue: 6 April 1865. Citation: Having had his arm mutilated, making immediate amputation necessary, he loaded and discharged his piece with one hand and urged his men forward; this within thirty yards of the enemy’s works.", "As late as January, 1865, Gov. Arthur I. Boreman complained of large scale guerrilla activity as far north as Harrison and Marion counties. In one last, brazen act of the guerrilla war, McNeill's Rangers of Hardy County kidnapped Generals George Crook and Benjamin F. Kelley from behind Union lines and delivered them as prisoners of war to Richmond. The Confederate surrender at Appomattox finally brought an end to guerrilla war in West Virginia. Slavery was officially abolished February 3, 1865. See also West Virginia in the American Civil War: A History .", "This article was written by Ted Alexander and originally published in the September 2006 issue of Civil War Times Magazine. Ted Alexander is a historian at Antietam National Battlefield and the author of numerous Civil War articles.", "Rank and organization: First Lieutenant, Battery E, 1st Rhode Island Light Artillery. Place and date: At Chancellorsville, Va., 3 May 1863. Entered service at: Rhode Island. Born: 15 March 1834, Foster Creek, R.I. Date of issue: 13 July 1899. Citation: Though himself wounded, gallantly fought his section of the battery under a fierce fire from the enemy until his ammunition was all expended, many of the cannoneers and most of the horses killed or wounded, and the enemy within 25 yards of the guns, when, disabling one piece, he brought off the other in safety.", "The vicinity of Pulaski was the site of a number of skirmishes during the Franklin–Nashville Campaign of the Civil War. In 1863, Confederate courier Sam Davis was hanged in Pulaski by the Union Army on suspicion of espionage.", "Rank and organization: Sergeant, Company A, 55th Pennsylvania Infantry. Place and date: At Chapins Farm, Va., September 29th,  1864. Entered service at: Chest Springs, Pa. Birth: Cambria County, Pa. Date of issue: 6 April 1865. Citation: Gallantry in the charge on the enemy’s works: rushing forward with the colors and calling upon the men to follow him; was severely wounded." ]

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[ "The most common entry point for overseas visitors is the Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport ( IATA : SCL), commonly referred to simply as Santiago Airport) in the commune of Pudahuel, 15km (9.3 miles) north-west of downtown Santiago . It is the largest aviation facility in Chile and the 6th busiest of South America by passenger traffic (over 11 million in 2010). It is a major connecting point for air traffic between Oceania and Latin America. The domestic and international are the same terminal, with the international on the left and domestic on the right.", "Comodoro Arturo Merino Benitez International Airport, commonly referred to as Santiago International Airport (SCL), is situated in Pudahuel, approximately 9.3 miles northwest of downtown Santiago, Chile. Having served about 11 million passengers in 2010, it is the country’s busiest aerial hub and Latin America’s ninth-busiest airport.", "Looking for information on Arturo Merino Benitez Airport, Santiago, Chile? Know about Arturo Merino Benitez Airport in detail. Find out the location of Arturo Merino Benitez Airport on Chile map and also find out airports near to Santiago. This airport locator is a very useful tool for travelers to know where is Arturo Merino Benitez Airport located and also provide information like hotels near Arturo Merino Benitez Airport, airlines operating to Arturo Merino Benitez Airport etc... IATA Code and ICAO Code of all airports in Chile. Scroll down to know more about Arturo Merino Benitez Airport or Santiago Airport, Chile.", "Valparaiso does not have its own airport. The closest airport with commercial service is Arturo Merino Benitez International Airport (SCL) near Santiago (known to Chileans as Pudahuel after the local district) 115km from Valparaiso, which offers extensive domestic and international service.", "Tierra del Fuego (,; Spanish for \"Land of Fire\") is an archipelago off the southernmost tip of the South American mainland, across the Strait of Magellan. The archipelago consists of the main island, Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, with an area of 48100 km2, and a group of many islands, including Cape Horn and Diego Ramírez Islands. Tierra del Fuego is divided between Chile and Argentina, with the latter controlling the eastern half of the main island and the former the western half plus the islands south of Beagle Channel. The southernmost extent of the archipelago is at about latitude 55 S.", "There are about 2,500 airports in Brazil, including landing fields: the second largest number in the world, after the United States. [216] São Paulo-Guarulhos International Airport , near São Paulo, is the largest and busiest airport, handling the vast majority of popular and commercial traffic of the country and connecting the city with virtually all major cities across the world. [217] With 13,728,000 passengers annually it ranks 80th worldwide [218]", "Tierra del Fuego is the extensive archipelago of large and small islands at the southern tip of South America, separated from the mainland by the Strait of Magellan. Its total area is 73,746 km2, two-thirds of which is owned by Chile, one-third by Argentina. The largest island within the archipelago is Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego (Fig. 1).", "The Carrasco International Airport in Uruguay, the largest airport in the country, serves up to 2.8 million passengers a year. The 344,000-square-foot, three-story terminal is a dramatic and welcoming space for the passengers and visitors. The terminal modernizes and expands the passenger and cargo handling capacity of the existing facilities to promote tourism and commercial growth in the region.", "Medellín is served by José María Córdova International Airport ( IATA : MDE; ICAO : SKRG) [12] , located in the nearby city of Rionegro. International non-stop flights are available to and from Lima , Curacao , San Salvador , Mexico City , Valencia (Venezuela) , Panama City (Panama) , Miami , Ft. Lauderdale , New York City and Madrid with easy connections to Buenos Aires, Santiago, Sao Paulo, Rio and other places.", "There is a large selection of shops at Santiago Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport. These include gift retailers, book shops, newsagents, wine merchants, jewellery and handicraft stores, as well as duty-free shops in the international terminal.", "Short- and long-term car parking is provided at Santiago Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport. Short-term car parking is located directly in front of the terminal complex. The long-term car park is served by a shuttle service.", "Compañía Panameña de Aviación, S.A., () (commonly referred to simply as \"Copa Airlines\") is the flag carrier of Panama. It is headquartered in Panama City, Panama, with its main hub at Tocumen International Airport. It operates more than 326 daily scheduled flights to 72 destinations in 30 countries around North, Central and South America, and the Caribbean. Copa is a subsidiary of Copa Holdings, S.A. as well as a member of the Star Alliance. The airline is also the main operator and owner of Colombian airline AeroRepública, currently known as Copa Airlines Colombia.", "Cerro Moreno International Airport is the only air terminal in Antofagasta and is located in Cerro Moreno, north of the city. This site, despite being classified as International Airport, operates only as a terminal for national flights. In this terminal operates three domestic airlines, LAN Chile, Principal Airlines and Sky Airlines to many Chilean airports and also to Lima, Peru being the only international destination served by TACA Perú.", "Arturo Merino Benitez (SCL) Airport Guide | Terminals & Parking, Airport Code, Car Rental & More Information | Cheapflights", "Tourist attractions include the Andean lakes of south-central Chile and the famed seaside resort of Viña del Mar, with casinos rivaling those of Monaco. Also popular is Robinson Crusoe Island in the Pacific. Another Pacific dependency, Easter Island (Isla de Pascua), with its fascinating monolithic sculptures, is a major attraction. The giant Christ of the Andes statue, which commemorates the peaceful settlement of the Chilean-Argentine border dispute in 1902, is located on the crest of the Andes overlooking the trans-Andean railway tunnel. Santiago is noted for its colonial architecture, as well as the largest library in South America. Popular national parks include Parque Nacional Lanca in the north, the Nahuelbuta Park near Temuco, and Terres del Paine in the far south. Chilean ski resorts, notably Portillo near Santiago, have become increasingly popular.", "The country's primary airport is El Salvador International Airport (AIES), which handles all international flights. AIES replaced Ilopango as the country's main airport in 1980.", "Aerolínea de Antioquia has its headquarters on the grounds of Enrique Olaya Herrera Airport in Medellín. West Caribbean Airways had its headquarters on the grounds of Olaya Herrera Airport. ACES Colombia was headquartered in the city. VivaColombia, the only low-cost Colombian airline, has its hub at Rionegro's Airport. Fresita is an ice cream and paleta maker in the city.", "Benazir Bhutto International Airport (, ) is the third-largest airport in Pakistan, serving the capital Islamabad and its twin city Rawalpindi in the province of Punjab. Previously known as the Islamabad International Airport, it was renamed after the late Pakistani leader Benazir Bhutto by the then Prime Minister of Pakistan, Yusuf Raza Gillani on 21 June 2008. ", "Jinnah International Airport () is Pakistan's largest international and domestic airport. Located in Karachi, the largest city and capital of the Sindh province, it is named after Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan.", "Santa Cruz de Tenerife, commonly abbreviated as Santa Cruz (,,), is a city and capital (jointly with Las Palmas) of the Canary Islands, the capital of Province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, and of the island of Tenerife. Santa Cruz has a population of 206,593 (2013) within its administrative limits. The urban zone of Santa Cruz extends beyond the city limits with a population of 507,306 and 538,000 within urban area. It is the second largest city in the Canary Islands and the main city on the island of Tenerife, with nearly half the island population living in or around it.", "Avianca's hubs are in Bogotá at El Dorado International Airport, in San Salvador at Monseñor Óscar Arnulfo Romero International Airport and in Lima at Jorge Chávez International Airport. Its focus cities are Medellín, Cali, Cartagena, Barranquilla, San José and Quito as well as Miami, where Avianca is the largest foreign carrier by number of passengers. The airline covers 87 destinations in 22 countries.", "4M; Airports: Miami International Airport, FL, Buenos Aires-Ezeiza International Airport, Buenos Aires, New York - John F. Kennedy International Airport, NY, New York (JFK, EWR, LGA, JRB), Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport, T, Houston - George Bush Intercontinental Airport, TX, Punta Cana International Airport", "The International Airport of Rio de Janeiro (Galeão – Antônio Carlos Jobim International Airport, named after the famous Brazilian musician Antônio Carlos Jobim), the main campus of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro at the Fundão Island, and the State University of Rio de Janeiro, in Maracanã, are also located in the Northern part of Rio.", "Tenerife South Airport () , previously known as Tenerife South-Reina Sofia Airport, is the larger of the two international airports located on the island of Tenerife (the other being Tenerife North Airport) and the second busiest in the Canary Islands. It is located in the municipality of Granadilla de Abona and handled over 9 million passengers in 2014.", "Rio Branco International Airport is located in a rural zone of the municipality of Rio Branco, in the state of Acre. It was opened on November 2, 1999 with a unique characteristic: it moved 22 kilometers away from the previous airport site. Rio Branco Airport serves domestic and international flights (by scheduled carriers and air taxi firms) along with general and military aviation. The terminal can receive 270 thousand passengers a year and serves an average of 14 daily operations.", "* Buenos Aires (BUE) — Ezeiza (EZE) is named after the suburb in Ezeiza Partido which the airport is located, while the city also has another airport in city proper, Aeroparque Jorge Newbery (AEP).", "desconocida, algunas deciden quedarse en el Estrecho de Magallanes y otras siguen hasta la Antártica. Suceso que convierte esta zona en el único sitio del hemisferio sur donde se alimentan ballenas jorobadas fuera del continente blanco. En este lugar se han registrado unas 100 ballenas jorobadas, que son bastante fáciles de ver. En el año 2003 se declaró este lugar como la primera Área Marina Protegida de nuestro país y se bautizó “Parque Marino Francisco Coloane”, en honor al escritor nacional amante de estas tierras. En la isla existe un campamento con domos ecológicos y toda la implementación básica para los turistas, junto a esto funciona un centro de investigación y un observatorio. Además, existen colonias de lobos marinos e importantes zonas de nidificación de pingüino magallánico.", "In 1978 a second airport was inaugurated on the island: the new Tenerife-South Airport (TFS). This airport now serves the majority of international tourist flights. Los Rodeos, renamed to Tenerife North Airport (TFN), was then used only for domestic and inter-island flights. In 2002 a new terminal was opened and it carries international traffic once again, including budget airlines.", "The city's new airport, José Joaquín de Olmedo International Airport (IATA airport code: GYE), though using the same runways, had its passenger terminal completely rebuilt in 2006 and was renamed. The old passenger terminal, Simon Bolivar, is now a convention centre. ", "Mariscal Sucre International Airport serves as the city's principal airport for passenger travel and freight. The airport is located 18 km east of the city's center in the Tababela parish. It began operations on February 20, 2013, replacing the Old Mariscal Sucre International Airport located 10 km north of the city center within city limits. The old airport was replaced due to tall buildings and nighttime fog that made landing from the south difficult. The old airport has become a metropolitan park.", "This region is home to the Maracanã stadium (located in Grande Tijuca), once the world's highest capacity football venue, able to hold nearly 199,000 people, as it did the World Cup final of 1950. In modern times its capacity has been reduced to conform with modern safety regulations and the stadium has introduced seating for all fans. Currently undergoing reconstruction, it has now the capacity for 90,000 fans; it will eventually hold around 80,000 people. Maracanã was site for the Opening and Closing Ceremonies and football competition of the 2007 Pan American Games, and hosted the final match of 2014 FIFA World Cup and will also host the Opening and Closing Ceremonies and football matches of the 2016 Summer Olympics.", "* May 7 – Austral Líneas Aéreas Flight 901, a BAC One-Eleven, crashes near Aeroparque Jorge Newbery after losing control in a thunderstorm, killing all 31 on board." ]

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[ "Ernestine Jane Geraldine Russell (June 21, 1921 – February 28, 2011), generally known as Jane Russell, was an American film actress, and was one of Hollywood's leading sex symbols in the 1940s and 1950s.", "Ernestine Jane Geraldine Russell was a gorgeous American actress who was knows as her professional name Jane Russell. She was a sex symbol in Hollywood around 1940s to 1950s. This lady who died on February 28, 2011 at the aged 89 had perfect and unique figure. Some sources believed that she had 38-24-36 inches (97-61-91 cm) of her measurements.", "Jane Russell (born June 21, 1921) is an American film actress and was one of Hollywood's leading sex symbols in the 1940s and 1950s.", "On the couple's return to England in 1921, Dora was five months pregnant, and Russell arranged a hasty divorce from Alys, marrying Dora six days after the divorce was finalised. Their children were John Conrad Russell, 4th Earl Russell and Katharine Jane Russell (now Lady Katharine Tait). Russell supported himself during this time by writing popular books explaining matters of physics, ethics and education to the layman. Together with Dora, he also founded the experimental Beacon Hill School in 1927. After he left the school in 1932, Dora continued it until 1943.", "Ernestine Jane Geraldine Russell was born on June 21, 1921 in Bemidji, Minnesota. Her father was a United States Army lieutenant and her mother had been a student of drama and an actress with a traveling troupe. Once Mr. Russell was mustered out of the service, the family took up residence in Canada, but moved to California when he found employment there. The family was well-to-do and although Jane was the only girl among four brothers, her mother saw to it that she took piano lessons. In addition to music, Jane was interested in drama much as her mother had been and participated in high school stage productions. Upon graduation, Jane took a job as a receptionist for a doctor who specialized in foot disorders. Although she had originally planned on being a designer, her father died and she had to go to work to help the family. Jane modeled on the side and was very much sought-after especially because of her figure.", "To star in The Outlaw, his epic story of cleavage in the old west, Howard Hughes conducted a nationwide search for an actress with the necessary screen presence. He found Jane Russell, who had been working as a receptionist. Her father was an office manager for Jergens Soap, her mother taught elocution but had once been a stage actress, and Russell yearned to be a performer herself. There had been previous icons of sexuality, but the beautiful, well-endowed, and photogenic Russell may have been the first woman sought out and hired specifically to be a sex symbol.", "Jane Russell, the voluptuous actress who starred in the controversial film \"The Outlaw\" and who, as a pin-up girl, set GIs' hearts to pounding during World War II, died of respiratory failure on Feb. 28, 2011. She was 89.", "A watercolour and pencil sketch of Jane Austen, believed to be drawn from life by her sister Cassandra (c. 1810)[A]Jane Austen (16 December 1775 – 18 July 1817) was an English novelist whose works of romantic fiction set among the gentry have earned her a place as one of the most widely read and most beloved writers in English literature.[1] Amongst scholars and critics, Austen's realism and biting social commentary have cemented her historical importance as a writer.", "In 1971, she starred in the musical drama Company, making her debut on Broadway in the role of Joanne, succeeding Elaine Stritch. Russell performed the role of Joanne for almost six months. Also in the 1970s, she started appearing in television commercials as a spokeswoman for Playtex \"'Cross-Your-Heart Bras' for us full-figured gals\", featuring the \"18-Hour Bra\", still one of International Playtex's best-known products even as of early March 2011. She wrote an autobiography in 1985, Jane Russell: My Path and My Detours. In 1989, she received the Women's International Center Living Legacy Award.", "Together with Lana Turner and Rita Hayworth, Russell personified the sensuously contoured sweater girl look, though Jane Russell's measurements of 38D-24-36 and height of 5' 7\" were more statuesque than her contemporaries. Besides the thousands of quips from radio comedians, including Bob Hope once introducing her as \"the two and only Jane Russell,\" the photo of her on a haystack glowering with sulky beauty and youthful sensuality as her breasts push forcefully against her bodice was a popular pin-up with Service men during World War II.", "Jane Russell film actress best known for her performance alongside Marilyn Monroe in Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. Russell was one of Hollywood's leading sex symbols in the 1940s and 1950s. Click picture to view websight.", "One of the most memorable screen goddesses of the 1940s and '50s, actress and singer Jane Russell was promoted for her ample charms and curvaceous figure, which first graced the screen in Howard Hughes' \"The Outlaw.\" But she also brought a torch song sultriness to her singing and a deft wit to such musical comedies as \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes.\"", "Jane Russell – the legendary star of classic movie ‘Gentlemen Prefer Blondes’ – has died at the age of 89 at her home in California.", "Jane Russell, whose voluptuous good looks won the attention of millionaire Howard Hughes and launched her on a movie career, died Monday of respiratory failure at her home in Santa Maria, Calif. She was 89.", "In 1940, Russell was signed to a seven-year contract by film mogul Howard Hughes and made her motion picture debut in The Outlaw (1943), a story about Billy the Kid that went to great lengths to showcase her voluptuous figure. Although the movie was completed in 1941, it was released for a limited showing two years later. There were problems with the censorship of the production code over the way her ample cleavage was displayed. When the movie was finally passed, it had a general release in 1946. During that time, she was kept busy doing publicity and became known nationally. Contrary to countless incorrect reports in the media since the release of The Outlaw, Russell did not wear the specially designed underwire bra (the first of its kind) that Howard Hughes constructed for the film. According to Jane's 1988 autobiography, she was given the bra, decided it had a mediocre fit, and wore her own bra on the film set with the straps pulled down.", "Jane Russell died in her Malibu area home yesterday, February 28, 2011. She is survived by her children, Thomas K. Waterfield, Tracy Foundas and Robert \"Buck\" Waterfield, six grandchildren and 10 great-grandchildren.", "When Howard Hughes discovered Jane Russell she was working as a receptionist. He had his engineers design a new underwire bra to seamlessly support her 38 D breasts for her role in the Outlaw. Her most famous film role was opposite Marilyn Monroe in Gentleman Prefer Blondes; where according to nndb.com, “Russell matched her tit for tat as best friend Dorothy Shaw, the been-around-the-block brunette.”", "Controversial Hollywood sex symbol and actress Jane Russell has died in California at the age of 89.", "Russell had three husbands. Her first, Bob Waterfield, a successful American football player, with whom she formed a production company, remained married to her from 1943 until 1968. A brief marriage to actor Roger Barrett ended with his early death in the same year as her divorce from Waterfield. Real estate broker John Calvin Peoples, her last husband, died in 1999.", "Jane Seymour was born on February 15, 1951 in Hayes, Hayes and Harlington, Middlesex, England as Joyce Penelope Wilhelmina Frankenberg. She is an actress and producer, known for Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman (1993), Wedding Crashers (2005) and Live and Let Die (1973). She was previously married to James Keach , David Flynn, Victor Geoffrey Planer and Michael Attenborough .", "In 1955, Russell and her first husband, former Los Angeles Rams quarterback Bob Waterfield, formed Russ-Field Productions. They produced Gentlemen Marry Brunettes (1955) in which she starred alongside Jeanne Crain, The King and Four Queens (1956) starring Clark Gable and Eleanor Parker, Run for the Sun (1956) starring Richard Widmark and The Fuzzy Pink Nightgown (1957), which was a box-office failure. She also starred in The Revolt of Mamie Stover (1956).", "Charlotte Brontë ('brɒnti/; 21 April 1816 -- 31 March 1855) was an English novelist and poet, the eldest of the three Brontë sisters who survived into adulthood, whose novels are English literature standards. She wrote Jane Eyre under the pen name Currer Bell.", "Charlotte Brontë (21 April 1816 - 31 March 1855) was an English novelist and poet, the eldest of the three Brontë sisters who survived into adulthood and whose novels are English literature standards. She wrote Jane Eyre under the pen name Currer Bell.", "Charlotte Brontë (21 April 1816 – 31 March 1855) was an English novelist and poet, the eldest of the three Brontë sisters who survived into adulthood, whose novels are English literature standards. She wrote Jane Eyre under the pen name Currer Bell.", "Jane Seymour was born and educated in England. She has been a stage, film, and television actress since she was thirteen years old, earning an Emmy Award and two Golden Globe Awards. She is a recipient of the Officer of the British Empire (OBE), bestowed by Queen Elizabeth II in 2000 for representing England as an actress and philanthropist. She has written several self-help and inspirational books and has coauthored a children's book series with her husband, James Keach. Jane is actively involved in many charitable organizations, including the Open Heart Foundation, which she and her husband began in 2010. With additional accomplishments as an established artist, she has exhibited in galleries across the nation, and she has established her own lifestyle brand inspired by her homes, art, and family-centered lifestyle. Jane resides in Malibu, California, with her husband and children.", "Although best known for her figure, Russell showed a comic sensibility in Gentlemen Prefer Blondes and again with Gentlemen Marry Brunettes (1955) and The Revolt of Mamie Stover (1956). Nevertheless, most of her movie roles were designed around her towering physicality and frontal amplitude. ", "*Mary Russell is an amateur detective and wife of Sherlock Holmes in a series of books by American crime novelist Laurie R. King, begun 1994.", "Lady Russell -  The former best friend of Anne's deceased mother, Lady Russell is a woman of considerable birth and wealth who serves as advisor to the Elliot family. A practical woman, she is conscious of class interactions and finances. Anne is her favorite of the Elliot daughters and, though she means well, she sometimes gives Anne bad advice.", "Besides books on film-making and the British film industry, Russell also wrote A British Picture: An Autobiography (1989; published in the US as Altered States: The Autobiography of Ken Russell, 1991). He also published six novels, including four on the sex lives of composers – Beethoven Confidential, Brahms Gets Laid, Elgar: The Erotic Variations, and Delius: A Moment with Venus.", "Russell himself provided most of the financing for Savage Messiah, a biopic of Henri Gaudier-Brzeska released in 1972. The choice of this relatively obscure painter and sculptor, who died fighting for France at age 23, in 1915, in the trenches during the First World War was inspired. The film stars Dorothy Tutin, Scott Antony, and Helen Mirren, all of whom give inspired performances under Russell's direction. The conclusion of the film peruses many of his sculptures and fully demonstrates what great art he produced in his short lifetime.", "Director Ken Russell (b.1927) died on November 27. Russell directed the films Altered States, The Lair of the White Worm, Gothic, and the Who's Tommy.", "Russell has written songs since the early 1960s, and has written the music to most of his plays and musicals. He also co-wrote \"The Show\", the theme song to the 1985 ITV drama series Connie, which became a top 30 hit for vocalist Rebecca Storm. His first album, Hoovering the Moon, was released in 2003." ]

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[ "It was cut into 105 gems. Cullinan I, 530 carats is the largest of the cuts and is know as the Great Star of Africa. The Cullinan diamond was found by Thomas Evan Powell, a miner who brought it to the surface and gave it to Frederick Wells, surface manager of the Premier Diamond Mining Company in Cullinan, South Africa on January 26, 1905. The stone was named after Sir Thomas Cullinan, the owner of the diamond mine.", "The Cullinan Diamond is the world's greatest diamond ever found. At 3,106.75 carats it remains the largest clean white diamond known to-date. The stone produced nine primary gems and 96 smaller stones. The Cullinan I, or The Great Star of Africa, weighs 530.2 carats and is displayed in the head of England's royal Sceptre. The South African-mined diamond is exhibited at the Tower of London.", "Historically, Cullinan Diamond Mine has generated 25% of the worlds diamonds over 400 carats. This famous landmark is the source of the most famous diamond ever unearthed – the 3 106 carat Cullinan Diamond found in 1905. The stone was so large it was cut into nine major pieces and 96 smaller brilliant cut diamonds. These diamonds have since gone on to create their own legends.", "This article focuses partly on the most famous gem taken from the Cullinan diamond, Cullinan I, and facts about eight other main gems cut from the original stone will be discussed as well.", "Soon thereafter, the Cullinan Diamond size changed forever. It was cut into three segments by Asscher Brothers of Amsterdam, and eventually it was further divided into nine large stones and 96 smaller fragments.", "Famous for: The rough diamond was cut into 105 diamonds, with 9 large and 96 small stones. The largest of the 9 diamonds is known as the Cullinan I or the Star of Africa and weighs 530.4 carats making it the world’s largest cut and polished white diamond. The star of Africa and the rest of the diamonds cut from the original Cullinan belong to the British Crown Jewels.", "The Cullinan was split and cut into 7 major stones and 96 smaller stones. Edward VII had the Cullinan I and Cullinan II set respectively into the Sceptre with the Cross and the Imperial State Crown, while the remainder of the seven larger stones and the 96 smaller brilliants remained in the possession of the Dutch diamond cutting firm of Messers I. J. Asscher of Amsterdam who had split and cut the Cullinan, until the South African Government bought these stones and the High Commissioner of the Union of South Africa presented them to Queen Mary on June 28, 1910.", "The Cullinan was later cut into nine large stones and about 100 smaller ones, valued at millions of dollars all told. The largest stone is called the “Star of Africa I,” or “Cullinan I,” and at 530 carats, it is the largest-cut fine-quality colorless diamond in the world. The second largest stone, the “Star of Africa II” or “Cullinan II,” is 317 carats. Both of these stones, as well as the “Cullinan III,” are on display in the Tower of London with Britain’s other crown jewels; the Cullinan I is mounted in the British Sovereign’s Royal Scepter, while the Cullinan II sits in the Imperial State Crown.", "The rough diamond was split and cut into nine major stones, ninety-six minor ones, and 9 carat of polished fragments. All but two of the largest stones – Cullinans I and II belong to the Crown – and the small brilliants remained in Amsterdam until the South African government bought them (with the exception of Cullinan VI which Edward VII had purchased and given to his wife Queen Alexandra in 1907) and the High Commissioner for Southern Africa presented them to Queen Mary on 28 June 1910. Mary also inherited Cullinan VI from Alexandra, and she left all the Cullinan diamonds to her granddaughter Queen Elizabeth II in 1953. Some of the minor stones are set in a long platinum chain which Elizabeth has never worn in public, saying that \"it gets in the soup\". ", "The showcase also features seven of the nine principal stones cut from the Cullinan Diamond, at 3,106 carats as an uncut stone, the largest diamond ever found.", "Cullinan I, the First or Greater Star of Africa The largest diamond is Cullinan I. Weighing in at 530.2 carats, it measures 2 1/8” long, 1 ¾” wide, and 1” thick at its deepest part. It was cut and polished by Asscher's into a pear shape with 76 facets, and is the largest colorless cut diamond in the world.", "Cullinan VIII is an emerald-cut diamond weighing 6.8 carats. In 1911, Garrards set the Cullinan VIII on a radiating platinum mount, similar in style to the Cullinan V brooch. Subsequently in 1925, the marquise-cut, 11.50-carat Cullinan VI was added as a pendant to the brooch, and the combination came to be known as the Cullinan VI and VIII brooch. However, Cullinan VIII could also be dismounted from its brooch and mounted as part of the Delhi Durbar Stomacher or linked to the Cullinan V brooch.", "The Cullinan Diamond is the largest gem quality diamond ever mined, its rough weighing 3106.75 carats, or 621.35 grams. The stone was discovered in 1905 in the Premier Mine in South Africa and soon named in honor of the mine’s owner, Sir Thomas Cullinan. After careful thinking on the matter, the country gifted the jewel to its imperial ruler. The Cullinan was presented to King Edward VII for his birthday before it was sent to the Royal Asscher Diamond Company for cutting.", "The Cullinan VI, an 11.50 carat marquise-cut stone, was originally presented by King Edward to his wife, Queen Alexandra, and is now worn by Elizabeth II as a drop on a diamond and emerald necklace. It was worn more frequently by the young Queen than any other section of the Cullinan. The Cullinan VII is an 8.80 carat marquise-cut stone mounted in a pendant on a small all-diamond brooch, in the center of which is the 6.80-carat cushion cut Cullinan VIII, and lastly, the Cullinan IX, a 4.39 carat pear shape, is mounted in a ring with a prong setting that was made for Queen Mary; it too is sometimes worn by Queen Elizabeth.", "The techniques for cutting diamonds have been developed over hundreds of years, with perhaps the greatest achievements made in 1919 by mathematician and gem enthusiast Marcel Tolkowsky. He developed the round brilliant cut by calculating the ideal shape to return and scatter light when a diamond is viewed from above. The modern round brilliant has 57 facets (polished faces), counting 33 on the crown (the top half), and 24 on the pavilion (the lower half). The girdle is the thin middle part. The function of the crown is to diffuse light into various colours and the pavilion's function to reflect light back through the top of the diamond.", "It was presented to King Edward VII of the United Kingdom for his 66th birthday and cut into several polished gems, the largest of which is named Cullinan I or the Great Star of Africa, and at it is the largest clear cut diamond in the world. It was the largest polished diamond of any colour until the discovery in 1985 of the Golden Jubilee Diamond (), also from the Premier Mine. Cullinan I is mounted in the head of the Sovereign's Sceptre with Cross. The second-largest is Cullinan II or the Second Star of Africa; at it is the fourth-largest cut diamond in the world, and is mounted in the Imperial State Crown. Both diamonds are part of the Crown Jewels which belong to the monarch in right of the Crown.", "Much smaller than its sister diamonds, the Cullinan V is still astounding at 18.8 carats. Heart-shaped, and set at the center of a brooch with smaller stones surrounding it, it was often worn by Queen Mary in combination with Cullinan diamonds VI and VII. This brooch has been worn by Queen Elizabeth II countless times and is among her favorite pieces of jewelry.", "The largest polished gem from the stone is named Cullinan I or the Great Star of Africa, and at 530.4 carats (106.1 g) was the largest polished diamond in the world until the 1985 discovery of the Golden Jubilee Diamond, 545.67 carats (109.13 g), also from the Premier Mine. Cullinan I is now mounted in the head of the Sceptre with the Cross. The second largest gem from the Cullinan stone, Cullinan II or the Lesser Star of Africa, at 317.4 carats (63.5 g), is the fourth largest polished diamond in the world. Both gems are in the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom.", "The largest, most prestigious segment of the original stone is the Cullinan I diamond. The 530.2 carat, pear-cut stone is also known as the Great Star of Africa. It was set in the head of the British Sceptre with the Cross, but it is configured so that it may be removed and hung as a pendant, either on its own or from the Cullinan II diamond in a brooch. Both of the diamonds have been fitted with tiny platinum loops on their edges to allow British heads of state to wear them.", "Two of the larger Cullinan diamonds - Cullinan I & II - are an important component of the British Crown Jewels, mounted respectively on the Royal Scepter and the Imperial State Crown of Great Britain and are on display at the Tower of London, with the other Crown Jewels. The remaining Cullinan diamonds are the personal property of Queen Elizabeth II and were inherited from Queen Mary, her grandmother and the Queen consort of King George V.", "The British crown jewels contain the Cullinan Diamond, part of the largest gem-quality rough diamond ever found (1905), at 3,106.75 carats (621.35 g).", "The Cullinan II, aka the lesser Star of Africa is the second largest Cullinan diamond, with a cushion shape, weighing 317.4 carats. It is the fifth largest faceted diamond in the world;  the second largest, D-color, faceted diamond in the world; the second largest cushion-cut diamond in the world; and the largest cushion-cut, D-color diamond in the world.", "Dubbed the \"Cullinan\" after mine owner Sir Thomas Cullinan, the 1.33-pound precious gem was at the time the largest rough diamond ever found.", "Cullinan IV, also referred to as the Lesser Star of Africa, is square-cut and weighs . It was also set in the base of Queen Mary's Crown; however, it too was removed in 1914. On 25 March 1958, while she and Prince Philip were on a state visit to the Netherlands, the Queen Elizabeth II revealed that Cullinan III and IV are known in her family as \"Granny's Chips\". The couple visited the Asscher Diamond Company, where the Cullinan had been cut 50 years earlier. It was the first time the Queen had worn the brooch publicly. During her visit, she unpinned the brooch and offered it for examination to Louis Asscher, the brother of Joseph Asscher who had originally cut the diamond. Elderly and almost blind, Asscher was deeply moved by the fact the Queen had brought the diamonds with her, knowing how much it would mean to him seeing them again after so many years. ", "The Cullinan VI is a marquise-cut stone, with a weight of 11.50 carats. King Edward VII purchased the diamond from Asschers and presented it to his Queen consort, Queen Alexandra, as a personal gift. Queen Alexandra got the Cullinan VI mounted in the front cross patee of her regal circlet. ", "Elizabeth Taylor and her husband Richard Burton were famous for the jewelry they loved and collected. Many of the gemstones they bought are named in their honor, including the Taylor-Burton Diamond. Its 241 carat rough emerged from South Africa in 1966, and cut not long after cut by Harry Winston into a pear weighing 69.42 carats, making it the twelfth largest faceted diamond at the time.", "1000+ images about GEM . DIAMOND . SIR THOMAS CULLINAN on Pinterest | Rough diamond, Imperial state crown and Queen mary", "Cullinan VII is also marquise-cut and weighs . It was originally given by Edward VII to his wife and consort Queen Alexandra. After his death she gave the jewel to Queen Mary, who had it set as a pendant hanging from the diamond-and-emerald Delhi Durbar necklace, part of the parure. ", "Captain Wells took the diamond to Sir William Crookes where it was analysed.  The stone was instantaneously named in honour of Sir Thomas Cullinan, the owner of Premier Mine, who had discovered the mine after many years of unsuccessful exploring. The analysis of the Cullinan Diamond indicated that it was comprised of amazing clarity but also did contain a black spot. A black spot in a diamond is not unusual, it simply implies that the diamond encountered internal strain; due to the fact that one side of the diamond was perfectly smooth implies that the stone had originally been part of a much larger diamond, that had been broken up by natural forces. Understandably the discovery became a global responsiveness, with the developments being followed eagerly by the press.", "In 1898, diamonds were discovered on farms near Pretoria, Transvaal. One led to the discovery of the Premier Mine. The Premier Mine was registered in 1902 and the Cullinan Diamond, the largest rough diamond ever discovered, was found there in 1905. (The Premier Mine was renamed the Cullinan Mine in 2003.) However, its owner refused to join the De Beers cartel. Instead, the mine started selling to a pair of independent dealers named Bernhard and Ernest Oppenheimer, thereby weakening the De Beers cartel. Production soon equalled all of the De Beers mines combined. Ernest Oppenheimer was appointed the local agent for the powerful London Syndicate, rising to the position of mayor of Kimberley within 10 years. He understood the core principle that underpinned De Beers success, stating in 1910 that \"common sense tells us that the only way to increase the value of diamonds is to make them scarce, that is to reduce production\".", "When the Cullinan diamond was found the cutter had to study the stone before making the decision of where to hit it with his chisel and hammer. Now technology is far more advanced and stones are cut with the use of lasers.", "The 100.32-carat DeLong Star Ruby is an oval cabochon-cut stone, that was discovered in Burma, in the early 20th century and purchased by Edith Haggin DeLong for $ 21,400, who subsequently donated it to the American Museum of Natural History in the year 1937. The fourth famous gemstone that was stolen was the Midnight Sapphire reputed to be the largest violet sapphire in the world." ]

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[ "Billy Dee Williams (born April 6, 1937) is an American actor. Early life Williams was born William December Williams, Jr. in New York City, New York, the son of Loretta, a West Indian-born elevator operator, and William December Williams, Sr. a Texas-born janitor. He has a sister, Loretta, and grew up in Harlem, where he was raised by his maternal grandmother while his parents worked at several jobs. Williams graduated from Manhattan's School of Performing Arts. Career His first big break was in the acclaimed television movie, Brian's Song in which he played Gale Sayers. His next hit came in 1972 when he played Billie Holliday's husband Louis McKay in Motown Productions' Holliday biopic Lady Sings the Blues. Diana Ross starred in Lady Sings the Blues opposite Williams; Motown pa...", "Billy Dee Williams, born William December Williams April 6, 1937, in New York City, New York, becomes became a well-known actor. He is also a painter. His most memorable acting roles include, \"Lady Sings the Blues\" and \"Mahogany,\" both of which Diana Ross of the popular 1960s singing trio called The Supremes, played the role of his leading lady. Williams is also known for his role as Lando Calrissian in the Star Wars movies. (From: Who's Who among Black Americans, 15th Edition, IMDB.com and Contemporary Black Biography, Vol. 8)", "Johnny Cash (born J. R. Cash; February 26, 1932 - September 12, 2003) was an American singer-songwriter and one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century . Primarily a country music artist, his songs and sound spanned many other genres including rockabilly and rock and roll (especially early in his career), as well as blues , folk and gospel .", "Roy Kelton Orbison (April 23, 1936 - December 6, 1988) was an American singer-songwriter and musician , well known for his complex compositions and dark emotional ballads. Orbison grew up in Texas and began singing in a rockabilly / country & western band in high school until he was signed with Sun Records in Memphis . His greatest success was with Monument Records in the early 1960s where 22 of his songs placed on the Top Forty, including \" Only the Lonely \", \" Crying \", \" In Dreams \", and \" Oh, Pretty Woman \". His career stagnated through the 1970s, but several covers of his songs and the use of one in a film by David Lynch revived his career in the 1980s. He joined the supergroup The Traveling Wilburys with George Harrison , Bob Dylan , Tom Petty , and Jeff Lynne and released an album in 1988. He died of a heart attack at the age of 52, at the zenith of his resurgence.", "Jerry Lee Lewis (born September 29, 1935) is an American rock and roll and country music singer-songwriter and pianist. An early pioneer of rock and roll music, Lewis's career faltered after he married his young cousin, and he afterwards made a career extension to country and western music. He is known by the nickname 'The Killer'. His guitarist for more than 40 years is Kenny Lovelace.", "Henry John Deutschendorf, Jr. (December 31, 1943 – October 12, 1997), known professionally as John Denver, was an American singer-songwriter, actor, activist and humanitarian, whose greatest commercial success was as a solo singer, starting in the 1970s. He was one of the most popular acoustic artists of the decade and one of its best-selling artists. By 1974, he was firmly established as America's best-selling performer, and AllMusic has described Denver as \"among the most beloved entertainers of his era\". After traveling and living in numerous locations while growing up in his military family, Denver began his music career in folk music groups in the late 1960s. Throughout his life, Denver recorded and released approximately 300 songs, about 200 of which he composed, with total sales of over 33 million. ", "Johnny Cash (1932â&#x20AC;&#x201C;2003), was an American singer-songwriter and one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century. Primarily a country music artist, his songs and sound spanned many other genres including rockabilly and rock and roll (especially early in his career), as well as blues, folk, and gospel. Cash was known for his deep, distinctive bass-baritone voice, the \"chicka-boom\" freight train sound of his Tennessee Three backing band, his demeanor, and his dark clothing, which earned him the nickname \"The Man in Black\". He traditionally started his concerts with the introduction \"Hello, I'm Johnny Cash\". Much of Cash's music, especially that of his later career, echoed themes of sorrow, moral tribulation and redemption. His signature songs include \"I Walk the Line\", \"Folsom Prison Blues\", \"Ring of Fire\",", "Hank Williams, Jr ., born Randall Hank Williams, May 26, 1949 , is an award-winning American country singer-songwriter and musician. His musical style is often considered a blend of southern rock, blues, and traditional country. He is the son of country music pioneer Hank Williams. He is the father of Hank Williams III, Holly Williams, Hillary Williams, Samuel Williams and Katie Williams. Williams had began his career imitating his famed father. His style had gradually evolved until he was involved in a near fatal fall, which apparently changed his personal and professional life. After an extended recovery, he challenged the country music establishment with a revolutionary blend of country, rock, and blues. After much critical and popular success in the 1980s, Williams earned considerable recognition and enjoyed substantial popularity. He is now considered an elder statesman of the country and outlaw country genres. As a multi-instrumentalist, Williams' repertoire of skills include guitar, bass guitar, upright bass, steel guitar, banjo, piano, keyboards, harmonica, fiddle, and drums. \" Artist Discography \"", "Billy Joel (born William Martin Joel; May 9, 1949) is an American rock musician, singersongwriter, and classical composer. Since releasing his first hit song, \"Piano Man\", in 1973, Joel has become the sixth best-selling recording artist and the third best-selling solo artist in the United States, according to the RIAA. Joel had Top 10 hits in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s and has 33 Top 40 hits in the United States, all of which he wrote singlehandedly. He is also a six-time Grammy Award winner, a 23-time Grammy nominee and has sold over 100 million records worldwide. He was inducted into the Songwriter's Hall of Fame (1992), the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (1999), and the Long Island Music Hall of Fame (2006). Joel \"retired\" from recording pop music in 1993 but continues to tour. Upon seeing The Beatles on The Ed Sullivan Show in 1964 as a teen, Joel decided to", "George Glenn Jones (September 12, 1931 – April 26, 2013) was an American musician, singer and songwriter who achieved international fame for his long list of hit records, including his most well known song \"He Stopped Loving Her Today\", as well as his distinctive voice and phrasing. For the last 20 years of his life, Jones was frequently referred to as the greatest living country singer. Country music scholar Bill C. Malone writes, \"For the two or three minutes consumed by a song, Jones immerses himself so completely in its lyrics, and in the mood it conveys, that the listener can scarcely avoid becoming similarly involved.\" Waylon Jennings expressed a similar opinion in his song \"It's Alright\": \"If we all could sound like we wanted to, we'd all sound like George Jones.\" The shape of his nose and facial features earned Jones the nickname \"The Possum.\" ", "Waylon Arnold Jennings (pronounced; June 15, 1937 – February 13, 2002) was an American singer, songwriter, musician, and actor. Jennings began playing guitar at eight and began performing at 12 on KVOW radio. His first band was The Texas Longhorns. Jennings worked as a DJ on KVOW, KDAV, KYTI, and KLLL. In 1958, Buddy Holly arranged Jennings's first recording session, of \"Jole Blon\" and \"When Sin Stops (Love Begins)\". Holly hired him to play bass. In Clear Lake, Iowa, Jennings gave up his seat on the ill-fated flight that crashed and killed Holly, J. P. Richardson, Ritchie Valens, and pilot Roger Peterson.", "1985 - Billy Dee Williams received a star on the famous Hollywood Walk of Fame. His place, for those looking to visit, is located between Joan Davis and Harry Carey.", "in 1997 - Townes Van Zandt dies at age 52. American country-folk singer-songwriter and poet; throughout his career he was widely admired by fellow songwriters, particularly in the folk and country genres, but greater fame eluded him, in part because of his unconventional vocal style and because of his erratic personal behavior. Many of his songs, including \"Pancho and Lefty,\" \"If I Needed You,\" and \"To Live's to Fly,\" have been recorded by other notable performers and are considered standards of their genre. His songs have been covered by such notable and varied musicians as Bob Dylan, Emmylou Harris, Willie Nelson, Guy Clark, Steve Earle, Merle Haggard, Hoyt Axton, Tindersticks, Devendra Banhart, Norah Jones, Lyle Lovett, Robert Plant and Alison Krauss, The Be Good Tanyas, Gillian Welch, and the Dixie Chicks. The film \"Be Here to Love Me\" chronicling the artist's life and legacy was released in the United States in 2006", "in 1955 - Randy Vanwarmer, is born. A one-hit wonder, singer-songwriter Randy Vanwarmer is best known for his hit �Just When I Needed You Most�. Born in Indian Hills, Colorado, he moved to England with his family, aged 15, after the death of his father. As a songwriter, Vanwarmer was befriended by Ian Kimmet of Island Music, and when Kimmet found a position at Bearsville Records, he helped Vanwarmer sign with the label. Returning to the US, Vanwarmer scored his sole Top 40 hit with a ballad he had written when aged 18, �Just When I Needed You Most� (1979), a yearning song about unrequited love. Recording a total of four albums at Brownsville, he was unable to score another hit. Vanwarmer also wrote a number of country hits: �I Guess It Never Hurts To Hurt Sometimes� (The Oak Ridge Boys), �I�m In A Hurry (And Don�t Know Why)� (Alabama) and �I Will Whisper Your Name� (Michael Johnson). He had undergone a bone marrow transplant for treatment of leukaemia at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer on January 12, 2004.", "Williams was born on May 26, 1949 in Shreveport, Louisiana. His father nicknamed him Bocephus (after Grand Ole Opry comedian Rod Brasfield's ventriloquist dummy). After his father's untimely death in 1953, he was raised by his mother, Audrey Williams. While he was a child, a number of contemporary musicians visited his family, who influenced and taught him various music instruments and styles. Among these figures of influence were Johnny Cash, Fats Domino, Earl Scruggs, and Jerry Lee Lewis. Williams first stepped on the stage and sang his father's songs when he was eight years old. In 1964, he made his recording debut with \"Long Gone Lonesome Blues\", one of his father's many classic songs.", "Williams was born on May 26, 1949 in Shreveport, Louisiana. His father nicknamed him Bocephus (after Grand Ole Opry comedian Rod Brasfield’s ventriloquist dummy). After his father’s untimely death in 1953, he was raised by his mother, Audrey Williams. While he was a child, a number of contemporary musicians visited his family, who influenced and taught him various music instruments and styles. Among these figures of influence were Johnny Cash, Fats Domino, Earl Scruggs, and Jerry Lee Lewis. Williams first stepped on the stage and sang his father’s songs when he was eight years old. In 1964, he made his recording debut with “Long Gone Lonesome Blues”, one of his father’s many classic songs.", "1998: Eddie Rabbitt (56) American singer and songwriter; he grow up in New Jersey, but moved to Nashville to start a career as a songwriter in the late 1960s, springboarding to a recording career after penning such hits as \"Kentucky Rain\" for Elvis Presley in 1970 and \"Pure Love\" for Ronnie Milsap in 1974. Later in the 1970s, he helped to develop the crossover-influenced sound of country music prevalent in the 1980s with hits \"Suspicions\" and \"Every Which Way but Loose\". His duets \"Friends and Lovers\" and \"You and I\", with Juice Newton and Crystal Gayle respectively, later served as the themes for the soap operas Days of Our Lives and All My Children. In the 1970s and 80s he penned 20 No.1 country hits including \"Drivin' My Life Away\" and \"I Love a Rainy Night,\" which also topped the Billboard Hot 100 and Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks (lung cancer) b. November 27th 1941.", "Calendar notes: On this date in 1792, the Columbia River was discovered by Captain Robert Gray. In 1927, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences was founded. In 1947, the creation of the tubeless tire was announced by the BF Goodrich Company. In 1965, The Byrds made their TV debut with Mr. Tambourine Man on NBC's Hullabaloo. In 1981, Bob Marley died in a Miami hospital. He was 36. In 1985, Madonna's single Crazy For You hit #1. In 1990, singer Ritchie Valens received a star on Hollywood's Walk of Fame, almost 33 years after his death. In 1995, Jimmy Vaughan, Eric Clapton, BB King, Buddy Guy, and Robert Cray reunited for a tribute to Stevie Ray Vaughn. All five had played with Vaughan at his last show on August 26th of 1990, before he was killed in a helicopter crash. In 2015, Fox announced that American Idol would conclude at the end of its fifteenth season.", "Wednesday, February 12, 2014 Michael McDonald (\"I Keep Forgettin'\" and one-time lead singer of the Doobie Brothers) is 62 The late Gene McDaniels (\"A Hundred Pounds Of Clay\") is born in 1935 The late Lorne Greene (\"Ringo\") is born in 1915 The late Ray Manzarek of the Doors (\"Light My Fire\") is born in 1939 The late Kenny Dino (\"Your Ma Said You Cried In Your Sleep Last Night\") is born in 1942 Cliff DeYoung (\"My Sweet Lady\") is 69 Oliver (\"Jean\") dies of cancer in 2000 Eldee Young of the Ramsey Lewis Trio (\"The In Crowd\") and Young/Holt Unlimited (\"Soulful Strut\") dies of a heart attack, 2007 Sal Mineo (\"Start Movin'\") is stabbed to death during an apparent robbery, 1976 Sammi Smith (\"Help Me Make It Through The Night\") dies after a long illness, 2005 \"Screamin'\" Jay Hawkins (\"I Put A Spell On You\") dies in 2000 Chynna Phillips (of Wilson Phillips ) is born to John and Michelle Phillips of the Mamas & the Papas, 1968 Chubby Checker files suit against the distributors of an app bearing his name that estimate ...", "Early in the decade, the honky-tonk style dominated country music, with songs of heartbreak, loneliness, alcoholism and despair the overriding themes. Long regarded the master of these themes was Hank Williams, whose critically acclaimed songwriting resulted in a string of legendary hits and songs, such as \"Cold, Cold Heart\", \"Your Cheating Heart\", \"Why Don't You Love Me\" and many more titles. Williams also lived hard, and on January 1, 1953, died. His legacy, however, would live on in country music for decades to come, and be vastly influential to new stars including a young Saratoga, Texas native named George Jones.", "Durable country songwriting great. Songs include “Wanted” (Alan Jackson, 1990), “I Would Like to See You Again” (Johnny Cash, 1973), “She’s Single Again” (Janie Fricke, 1985), “Between an Old Memory and Me” (Travis Tritt, 1994), “Leavin’s Been a Long Time Comin’” (Shenandoah, 1992), “Lay a Little Lovin’ on Me” (Del Reeves, 1973), “The Generation Gap” (Jeannie C. Riley, 1969), “Following the Feeling” (Moe Bandy & Judy Bailey, 1980), “Let’s Get Over Them Together” (Moe Bandy & Bekcy Hobbs, 1983), “Carolina” (Keith Stegall, 1985), “Rainy Days and Stormy Nights” (Billie Jo Spears, 1979). Cuts by Dolly Parton, Conway Twitty, Barbara Mandrell, B.J. Thomas, Don Williams, Kenny Rogers, Porter Wagoner, Reba McEntire, George Strait, Tanya Tucker, Ray Charles, Keith Whitley, Waylon Jennings, Roy Rogers, many others. Wrote songs for and sang on the soundtrack of the Oscar-winning 1983 film Tender Mercies. Own CD The Hitmaker on Gusto in 2008. Autobiography in 2009, Old Memories and Me. Member of the South Carolina Entertainment Hall of Fame.", "songwriter: King of the Road, Invitation to the Blues, You Don�t Want My Love; singer: Dang Me, Chug-a-Lug; 11 Grammys in 1964-65; wrote hit musical: Big River; died Oct 25, 1992", "musician, Grammy Award-winning country singer: Broken Lady [1976], I Don�t Wanna Cry, Houston (I�m Comin� to See You), Love is Just a Game, Take Somebody with Me When I Fall, Statues Without Hearts, All the Gold in California", "By the beginning of the '80s, Rogers ' audience was as much pop as it was country, and singles like his cover of Lionel Richie 's \"Lady\" confirmed that fact, spending six weeks at the top of the pop charts. Rogers also began performing duets with pop singers like Kim Carnes (\"Don't Fall in Love with a Dreamer,\" number three country, number four pop, 1980) and Sheena Easton (\"We've Got Tonight,\" number one country, number six pop, 1983). Rogers also began making inroads into television and film, appearing in a number of TV specials and made-for-TV movies, including 1982's Six Pack and two movies based on his songs \"The Gambler\" and \"Coward of the County.\" Late in 1983, he left United Artists/Liberty for RCA Records, releasing a duet with Dolly Parton called \"Islands in the Stream\" as his first single for the label. Written by the Bee Gees and produced by Barry Gibb , the record became one of his biggest hits, spending two weeks on the top of both the country and pop charts.", "The long-awaited release, 1998's Car Wheels on a Gravel Road was Williams' breakthrough to the mainstream. Containing the single \"Still I Long for Your Kiss\" from the Robert Redford film The Horse Whisperer, the album received wide critical notice and soon went gold. It received a Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Folk Album. She toured with Bob Dylan and on her own in support of the album.", "A steady string of hits followed, ranging in styles from rockabilly (\"That's All Right\" and \"Singing the Blues\"), teenage love songs (\"A White Sport Coat (and a Pink Carnation)\") and of course, cowboy songs. He had already appeared in several B-westerns and had scored a country hit with \"The Hanging Tree\" (the title track to the movie starring Gary Cooper) when, in 1959, he began writing and recording songs for his legendary album \"Gunfighter Ballads and Trail Songs\"). The all-time classic from the album of songs was \"El Paso\", the story of a gunfighter who dies after being shot at the end of the song. The song went No. 1 on Billboard magazine's country singles chart in December 1959, where it spent seven weeks; it also became his only No. 1 Hot 100 hit and became the first country song to win a Grammy. At just over 4:40, radio programmers were reluctant to play such a long song (most songs were half as long), but demand won out, and it soon became one of country music's all-time most popular songs on fan surveys. His 1976 No. 1 hit, \"El Paso City\", revisited the gunfighter's legend.", "Richardson offered Preston the chance to record a teenage tragedy song he had written, \"Running Bear\", which they did in Houston, Texas, in 1958. The \"Indian\" sounds on the record were performed by Richardson and George Jones. The record was released after the Big Bopper's death in the same plane crash that killed Buddy Holly and Ritchie Valens. ", "�Her Nibs� singer: Tweedle Dee, Dance With Me Henry [Wallflower], Kiss of Fire, Seven Lonely Days; died Dec 9, 2006", "He started as a songwriter for Connie Francis, and recorded his own first million-seller \"Splish Splash\" in 1958. This was followed by \"Dream Lover,\" \"Mack the Knife,\" and \"Beyond the Sea,\" which brought him world fame. In 1962, he won a Golden Globe Award for his first film Come September, co-starring his first wife, Sandra Dee.", "(b. March 18, 1943, Abilene, Texas - d. December 22, 2006, Nashville, Tennessee) was an American songwriter.", "Williams was a guest vocalist on the song \"Factory Girls\" from Irish punk-folk band Flogging Molly's 2004 album, \"Within a Mile of Home\", and appeared on Elvis Costello's The Delivery Man. She duetted with Steve Earle on the song \"You're Still Standin' There\" from his album I Feel Alright from 1996.", "He is probably best known today for his hit \"A Country Boy Can Survive.\" He may also be well known today as the performer of the theme song for Monday Night Football, based on his 1984 hit, \"All My Rowdy Friends Are Coming Over Tonight\". The opening theme became a classic, as much a part of the show as the football itself. In 1991, 1992, 1993, and 1994, Williams' opening themes for Monday Night Football would earn him four Emmy awards." ]

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[ "More than 80 years have passed since the first colonists arrived, and the Matanuska Valley remains a productive agricultural region specializing in dairy products, potatoes, rhubarb, lettuce, and giant cabbages. (Palmer is the site of the Guinness World Record for \"Biggest Broccoli,\" grown in 1993 by residents John and Mary Evans. The vegetable weighed a whopping 35 pounds.) The annual Alaska State Fair is held in Palmer and many historic buildings dot the fairgrounds. The displays of giant vegetables and the cabbage weigh-off always draw a big crowd. Today the Matanuska-Susitna Borough (Alaska's equivalent of a county government) encompasses more than 24,000 square miles, larger than many eastern seaboard states. And descendants of the original colonists can be found in the Palmer and Wasilla phone book.", "Also grown by Evans, this Cauliflower weighted 31.25 lb, making it Alaska's largest one in 1997.", "The Aspen tree ( Populus tremuloides ) forms large stands of genetically identical trees (technically, stems) connected by a single underground root system . These trees form through root sprouts coming off an original parent tree, though the root system may not remain a single unit in all specimens. The largest known fully-connected Aspen is a grove in Utah nicknamed Pando , and some experts call it the largest organism in the world, [1] by mass or volume. [2] It covers 0.43 km2 (106 acres) and is estimated to weigh 6,600 short tons (6,000 t). [3]", "The Big or Mammoth Tree or Giant Redwood (S. washingtoniana Sudworth and S. gigantea) is the largest tree known. The wood resembling that of S. sempervirens is used locally, see U. S. Forestry Bul. No. 28.", "Though sequoias are native to California, early settlers traveled with seedlings back to the British Isles and New Zealand, where a 15-foot diameter sequoia that is the world's biggest planted tree took root in 1850. Part of Sillett's studies involves modeling the potential growth rate of cultivated sequoia forests to determine over time how much carbon sequestering might increase.", "The General Sherman Tree, a giant sequoia in California's Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Park (nps.gov/seki/), is the largest tree in the world, and is also among the oldest. It is undoubtedly one of the major attractions of the park for visitors, an awe-inspiring sight that exemplifies the remarkable ecology that warrants the national park's designation as a UN Biosphere Reserve.", "The apple tree (Malus domestica) is a deciduous tree in the rose family best known for its sweet, pomaceous fruit, the apple. It is cultivated worldwide as a fruit tree, and is the most widely grown species in the genus Malus. The tree originated in Central Asia, where its wild ancestor, Malus sieversii, is still found today. Apples have been grown for thousands of years in Asia and Europe, and were brought to North America by European colonists. Apples have religious and mythological significance in many cultures, including Norse, Greek and European Christian traditions.", "North America contains a variety of natural wonders. Landforms and all types of vegetation can be found within its boundaries. North America has deep canyon s, such as Copper Canyon in the Mexican state of Chihuahua. Yellowstone National Park, in the U.S. state of Wyoming, has some of the world’s most active geyser s. Canada’s Bay of Fundy has the greatest variation of tide levels in the world. The Great Lakes form the planet’s largest area of freshwater . In the U.S. state of California, giant sequoia s, the world’s most massive trees, grow more than 76 meters (250 feet) tall and nearly 31 meters (100 feet) around.", "More than a century of logging has left only a remnant of the spruce forest. The largest trees were cut long before careful measurements could be made. Trees over 90 m tall may still be seen in Pacific Rim National Park and Carmanah Walbran Provincial Park on Vancouver Island, British Columbia (the Carmanah Giant, at 96 m tall, is the tallest tree in Canada), and in Olympic National Park, Washington and Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park, California (USA); two at the last site are just over 96 m tall. The Queets Spruce is the largest in the world with a trunk volume of 337 m3, a height of , and a dbh. It is located near the Queets River in Olympic National Park, about 26 km from the Pacific Ocean.", "During the lucrative 60 years of gold mining in the area Juneau was home to three of the world's largest gold mines: The Alaska Juneau mine, the Alaska Gastineau mine, and the Treadwell mine. These three mines produced $158 million worth of gold making Juneau one of the world's major gold mining areas until the 1940s when costs outstripped the value of the gold. However, since 2005 the gold mining industry has been experiencing a resurgence.", "Sequoia National Park is a national park in the southern Sierra Nevada, east of Visalia, California. It was established on September 25th, 1890.The park is famous for its Giant Sequoia trees, including the General Sherman tree, the largest tree on Earth. The General Sherman tree grows in the Giant Forest, which contains five out of the ten largest trees in the world.", "According to Guinness, the world's largest rosebush was planted in Tombstone in 1885 and still flourishes in the city's sunny climate. The Lady Banksia rose originated in Scotland. Mary Gee was the wife of mining engineer Henry Gee, who worked for the Vizina Mining Co. Mary's family sent the homesick bride a box of rooted cuttings from her home country. She planted one of the roses by the patio of the Vizina Mining Company's boarding house, the first adobe building in town, located at 4th and Toughnut Street across from the later site of the railroad depot. She and Henry lived in the boarding house when they first arrived in Tombstone.", "Prudhoe Bay is the largest oilfield in North America, measuring approximately 15 miles by 40 miles. It is located in northern Alaska on the coast of the Arctic Ocean.  The main Prudhoe Bay field has a number of adjacent 'satellite' oilfields, some of which are Kuparuk (\"Kuh-PARR-uck\"), Endicott, Point MacIntyre, Milne Point, and Niakuk (\"NY-uh-kuck\".) ", "Located in Lisle, Illinois, the Morton Arboretum was founded in 1922 by Joy Morton, founder of the Morton Salt Company and son of Arbor Day originator Julius Sterling Morton. At 1700 acres the Arboretum is one of the largest in the world, and features several mature deciduous and coniferous forests, as well as collections of plant life from around the globe, in addition to ten lakes, several wetlands, and a 99 acres restored prairie.", "The Swedish botanist Peter Kalm found potatoes being grown at Albany in 1749. Thomas Jefferson wrote of cultivating potatoes, \"both the long [sweet?] and the round [Irish?].\" Decades later, the Navaho Indians of the Southwest were found to be planting a small, wild variety common in some parts of Mexico. The Irish potato came to be a daily item on the American dinner table—especially in the northern states as an accompaniment for meats—and a major food crop in many states during the nineteenth century. Aroostook, the large, northernmost county of Maine, began extensive potato growing, and in 1935 that county's potatoes produced half of the agricultural income of Maine. Aroostook homemakers are said to have been the first, or among the first, to make starch for their white garments by soaking potato pulp in water and then drying it. Starch sheds began to appear along the streams, and eventually Aroostook produced 90 percent of the nation's potato starch. The use of this starch declined greatly in the twentieth century, and industrial alcohol appeared as a new means of saving the culls and the surplus.", "Norfolk Island Pine dwarfing a house in La Jolla, California (left) and the Huntington's plant with people down to the right of right photo", "Furthermore, the �Alaskan Pipeline� is now a major source of American OIL! And the sale of Alaskan fish, lumber, minerals, petroleum and other commercial products nets the U.S. tens of billions of dollars annually! With the purchase of Alaska in 1867, America had acquired her final territorial acquisition in continental", "1964 Graduate student Donald Currey, with permission and assistance of the U.S. Forest Service, cut down a Bristlecone pine tree at Nevada’s Wheeler Peak Scenic Area.  On counting the rings of this tree (which had been named Promethius by conservationists) he discovered that the tree was at least 4,844 years old.  This marked Promethius as 200 years older than Methuselah (a different Bristlecone pine, already documented as the oldest known living specimen).  He had cut down what might have been the oldest living tree on earth. Currey’s study, published the following year in the scientific journal Ecology, partially led to creation of the Great Basin National Park in 1986.  (Rutkow, 2012)", "John Chapman (September 26, 1774 – March 18, 1845), often called Johnny Appleseed, was an American pioneer nurseryman who introduced apple trees to large parts of Pennsylvania, Ontario, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, as well as the northern counties of present-day West Virginia. He became an American legend while still alive, due to his kind, generous ways, his leadership in conservation, and the symbolic importance he attributed to apples. He was also a missionary for The New Church (Swedenborgian) and the inspiration for many museums and historical sites such as the Johnny Appleseed Museum in Urbana, Ohio, and the Johnny Appleseed Heritage Center in between Lucas, Ohio, and Mifflin, Ohio.", "For less that 2 cents an acre, the United States acquired nearly 600,000 square miles. Opponents of the Alaska Purchase persisted in calling it “Seward’s Folly” or “Seward’s Icebox” until 1896, when the great Klondike Gold Strike convinced even the harshest critics that Alaska was a valuable addition to American territory.", "John Chapman (September 26, 1774 â March 11, 1845), often called Johnny Appleseed, was an American pioneer nurseryman who introduced apple trees to large parts of Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, as well as the northern counties of present day West Virginia . He became an American legend whâ¦", "Joseph Whidbey, master of the Discovery during the 1791–95 Vancouver expedition, found Icy Strait, at the south end of Glacier Bay, choked with ice in 1794. Glacier Bay itself was almost entirely covered by one large tidewater glacier. In 1879 naturalist John Muir found that the ice had retreated almost all the way up the bay, a distance of around 48 mi. By 1916 the Grand Pacific Glacier was at the head of Tarr Inlet about 65 miles (105 km) from Glacier Bay's mouth. This is the fastest documented glacier retreat. Not all of the park's glaciers are in retreat. Two examples are the Johns Hopkins Glacier which, according to observations in 2012, has been advancing at the rate of 10 to per day, and the Margerie Glacier which is stable, neither advancing nor retreating. Scientists working in the park and preserve hope to learn how glacial activity relates to climate change.", "In February of 2008, in its first lease sale in nearly 20 years, nearly three million acres in the Chukchi Sea were sold for over $2.6 billion. The leased areas are roughly 50-60 miles from the northwest coast of Alaska. Audubon, in partnership with several Alaska Native and conservation groups, filed a lawsuit to block implementation of that lease sale and future exploratory activities.The court found that the agency had vastly underestimated the possible impacts of a large spill and ordered a revision of the assesment.", "When media mogul John Malone adds 1 million acres of Maine and New Hampshire timberlands to his holdings next week, he might become the largest private landowner in the United States.", "Marysville is the headquarters for Scotts Miracle-Gro Company, the largest producer in the world of horticulture products. The company was founded in 1868 by Orlando Scott in Marysville, and has grown to have an $8 billion market. ", "On August 18th (that’s today!), 1902, Margaret Thomas Murie, one of the most influential conservationists of the past 100 years, was born. Murie was a naturalist, author, and adventurer whose conservation work earned her the Audubon Medal, the John Muir Award, the title “Grandmother of the Conservation Movement” by both the Sierra Club and the Wilderness Society, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom-the highest civilian honor awarded by the United States. Even if you’re not familiar with Murie, you’ve probably heard of her work. Among other feats, she is responsible for the creation and subsequent doubling in size of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. ", "Friedrich Weyerhauser made his first fortune in the timber business, buying enough land to make him the largest private land owner in America. When he died in 1914, his estate was worth the equivalent of $80billion in 2012 dollars.", "In rare cases, forests have been destroyed by large water waves caused by high-velocity landslides. An outstanding example was the 1958 catastrophic destruction of virgin coniferous forest to an elevation of 530 m above the waters of Lituya Bay, southeastern Alaska, by a giant wave caused by a high-velocity rock slide (Miller, 1960).", "Roosevelt's eighth national monument proclamation was far from routine. Its subject was Jackson Hole, Wyoming, discussed as a possible addition to Yellowstone National Park as early as 1892. John D. Rockefeller, Jr., visited the area in 1926 with Horace Albright, then superintendent of Yellowstone, and was disturbed to see commercial development on private lands despoiling the view of the Teton Range. With official encouragement and without publicly disclosing his role and purpose, Rockefeller undertook to purchase more than 33,000 acres through his Snake River Land Company for donation to the United States. When the scheme became public, cattlemen, hunters, timbermen, and other local interests bitterly opposed the land's removal from economic productivity, hunting, and taxation. Wyoming's congressional delegation came to their aid by thwarting passage of park enabling legislation. In response, Roosevelt in 1943 proclaimed Jackson Hole National Monument to accept Rockefeller's donation. The monument also included 179,000 acres from Teton National Forest adjoining the limited Grand Teton National Park established in 1929.", "Palin has promoted oil and natural gas resource development in Alaska, including in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR), where such development has been the subject of a national debate. She also helped pass an increase in the severance tax oil companies pay to extract oil from state land. Palin has created a new sub-cabinet group of advisers to address climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions within Alaska. When asked about climate change after becoming Senator McCain's presumptive running mate, she stated that it would \"affect Alaska more than any other state\", but she added, \"I'm not one though who would attribute it to being man-made.\" ", "Morton Salt is the sponsor of the Morton Arboretum, a 1700 acre botanical garden in Lisle, Illinois. It was established by Joy Morton, the company's founder, in 1922 to encourage the display and study of shrubs, trees, and vines. About 300,000 visitors a year hike on miles of trails, and over 3,600 kinds of plants are displayed. ", "One of the largest private landowners in the nation is set to make a huge addition to his holdings in Maine. Billionaire John Malone, who runs Colorado-based Liberty Media, is planning to purchase nearly a million acres of working forestland." ]

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[ "The University of New Hampshire (UNH) is a public research university in the University System of New Hampshire (USNH), in the United States. The university's Durham campus, comprising six colleges, is located in the Seacoast region of the state. A seventh college, the University of New Hampshire at Manchester, occupies the university's campus in Manchester, the state's largest city. The University of New Hampshire School of Law, known as the Franklin Pierce Law Center until 2010, is located in Concord, the state's capital.", "The University of New Hampshire is located in the town of Durham, and is a \"traditional New England campus.\" The Durham campus is 1100 acre, with 300 acre in the \"campus core\" and 800 acre of open land on the west edge of campus. The campus core is considered to be the university property within a 10-minute walk from Thompson Hall, the symbolic and near-geographic center of campus. The campus core contains many of the academic and residential buildings, while the outer campus contains much of the agriculture land and buildings. The university owns a total of 2600 acre of land.", "The University of New Hampshire has three beautiful campuses located in Durham, Concord, and Manchester. The school boasts a much higher than average freshman retention rate of 86%, which speaks volumes about the remarkable first year many students experience. You can take advantage of the great outdoors with programs that take you sea kayaking, sunset paddleboarding, camping, and hiking. And if nature isn’t your thing, you can catch popular theatrical performances through the “Celebrity Series” or view student pieces in the Museum of Art. And with nearly 250 student organizations and academic programs that include unique selections like Marine Biology, Justice Studies, and Equine Studies, there really is something for everyone.", "Founded in 1866 at Durham, the University of New Hampshire serves an undergraduate population of 10,500 students.", "New Hampshire is located in the Northeastern, also known as New England, region of the United States. The state is bordered by Massachusetts , Vermont , Maine , Quebec and the Atlantic Ocean. It is nicknamed \"The Granite State.\"", "New Hampshire is a state of the United States. The state is located in the northeast. In 2008, the state has a population of 1,315,809 people and has an area of 24,217 km ². Its capital is Concord.", "New Hampshire is a state located in the north east of the United States. It was named after Hampshire, which is an English county. It was the first colony to break away from Great Britain and was one of the original thirteen colonies that formed the United States in 1776. New Hampshire ratified the US Constitution in June 1788 to officially become the 9th state. It is one of the smallest states in the country in terms of both area and population. There are 13 cities in the state and if you want to know which city is the capital, continue reading to find out.", "In 2010, the Franklin Pierce Law Center in Concord was incorporated into the University of New Hampshire System and renamed the University of New Hampshire School of Law. It is the only law school in the state of New Hampshire. The School of Law offers Juris Doctor degrees in addition to graduate studies in Intellectual Property and Commerce & Technology. The University of New Hampshire Law School is renowned for its intellectual property law programs, consistently ranking in the top ten of U.S. News & World Report rankings. In 2012, it was ranked 4th behind University of California at Berkeley, Stanford University and George Washington University.", "New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States.", "New Hampshire, one of the 13 original colonies, was the 9th state to join the union on June 21st, 1788. It is located in the New England region of the U.S. The state has a population of 1.3 million people and an area of 9,351 sq. miles, making it the 5th smallest U.S. state. The state capital is Concord and the largest city is Manchester.", "“Archaeology through the Looking Glass” Where: Southern New Hampshire University, McIninch Art Gallery, 2500 N. River Road, Manchester When: Thursday, Sept. 12, through Oct. 19. There’s a reception on Sept. 12, featuring a presentation by Fry from 5 to 6:30. Following is a guest reading by Robert J. Begiebing, a retired SNHU professor who will present an excerpt from his latest book, The Turner Erotica, which centers around artist J.M.W. Turner.", "Located in New England and offering a number of the largest ski mountains on the east coast, New Hampshire is a major destination for fans of winter sports and mountaineering. The state is also home to the White Mountain National Forest Lake and the road which takes drivers up 6,288 feet to the top of Mount Washington. Its capital city is Concord and its largest city is Manchester.", "Dartmouth College (enrollment: 5,500) is the nation's ninth-oldest college and was founded in 1769 by Reverend Eleazar Wheelock.  It was the last institution of higher learning established under Colonial rule, and was built on land provided under charter from King George III of England.   The private, four-year college is located in Hanover, New Hampshire.  At the heart of the school is Baker Library, one of the oldest research libraries in the United States.", "In the pleasant town of Hanover, on the Connecticut River, Dartmouth College was founded in 1769. That makes it America’s ninth oldest. A member of the elite Ivy League, Dartmouth also has an outstanding medical school. New Hampshire is also home to New England College , whose sports teams are nicknamed the Pilgrims. Of course, New Hampshire has the added temptation for winter sports’ enthusiasts: fabulous skiing and boarding on weekends!", "Notable alumni of the University of New Hampshire include world-renowned author John Irving (B.A. 1965), National Book Award-winning author Alice McDermott (M.A. 1968), filmmaker Jennifer Lee (B.A. 1992), and several former governors of the state of New Hampshire.", "1969 Nashua Telegraph (Nashua, New Hampshire) 3 February, Page 16, Column 3.The 1969 championships of the North American Tiddlywinks Association are scheduled to be held this month at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with four colleges competing", "Various Algonquian (Abenaki and Pennacook) tribes inhabited the area before European settlement. English and French explorers visited New Hampshire in 1600–1605, and English fishermen settled at Odiorne's Point in present-day Rye in 1623. The first permanent settlement was at Hilton's Point (present-day Dover). By 1631, the Upper Plantation comprised modern-day Dover, Durham and Stratham; in 1679, it became the \"Royal Province\". Father Rale's War was fought between the colonists and the Wabanaki Confederacy throughout New Hampshire.", "The school's athletic teams are the Wildcats, and they compete in the NCAA Division I. New Hampshire is a member of the America East Conference for basketball, cross country, track and field, soccer, swimming & diving and tennis; and women's crew, field hockey, and volleyball. The [http://unhwildcats.com/index.aspx?path=wgym women's gymnastics] program competes in the Eastern Atlantic Gymnastics League at the Division I level. They also compete in Hockey East in men's and women's ice hockey, Eastern Collegiate Ski Association for skiing, as well as the Colonial Athletic Association for football at the Football Championship Subdivision (FCS, formerly known as Division I-AA) level.", "New Hampshire has two NCAA Division I teams: the Dartmouth Big Green (Ivy League) and the New Hampshire Wildcats (America East Conference), as well as three Division II teams: Franklin Pierce Ravens, Saint Anselm Hawks and Southern New Hampshire Penmen (Northeast-10 Conference).", "There are many historical sights in New England, including many colleges, universities, monuments and architecture. Yale University in New Haven and Harvard University and MIT in Cambridge, MA are destinations, offering a variety of interesting museums, as well as nonstop cultural activities. Harvard University offers several museums open to the public daily including the Harvard Museum of Natural History with its famed Glass Flowers, dinosaurs, and rare minerals, and the Peabody Museum with its fascinating Maya and Native American exhibits.", "Famous People from New Hampshire: Salmon P. Chase jurist; Charles Anderson Dana editor; Mary Baker Eddy founder of the Christian Science Church; Dustin Farnum actor; Thomas Green Fessenden journalist and satirical poet; Daniel Chester French sculptor; Robert Frost poet; Horace Greeley journalist and politician; Sarah J. Hale editor; John Irving writer; Benjamin F. Keith theater entrepreneur; Jackson Hall Kelly promoter of Oregon settlement; John Langdon political leader; Sharon Christa McAuliffe teacher and astronaut; Franklin Pierce former president; Augustus Saint-Gaudens sculptor; Alan Shepard astronaut; Harlan F. Stone jurist; Daniel Webster statesman; Henry Wilson politician and former vice president; Noah Worcester clergyman and pacifist.", "MIT dates back to 1861, and was originally located in the Massachusetts capital of Boston. It later moved to Cambridge in 1916 and has stayed there ever since. The university is relatively small in comparison to its neighbor – Harvard University. There are approximately 4,200 students enrolled as undergraduates and 6,150 as postgraduates. Entry into any of MIT’s courses is incredibly competitive.", "Founded in 1861, University of Washington is situated on the shores of Union and Portage bays. While located in urban Seattle, it has views of the Cascade Range to the east and the Olympic Mountains to the west. With over forty-five thousand students, “U-Dub” has one of the largest research budgets in the United States and its medical school is famous worldwide.", "10 largest cities (2012 est.): Manchester , 110,209; Nashua , 86,933; Concord , 42,630; Dover, 30,220; Rochester , 29,823; Salem, 29,396; Merrimack, 26,683; Keene, 23,272; Derry, 22,015; Portsmouth, 21,379", "The University of Maine is the largest university in the state and is the flagship of Maine. It is located in the town of Orono between the cities of Bangor and Old Town.", "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge New Hampshire faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in New Hampshire by race and ethnicity.", "The New Hampshire State House, designed by architect Stuart Park and constructed between 1815 and 1818, is the oldest state house in which the legislature meets in its original chambers. The building was remodeled in 1866, and the third story and west wing were added in 1910.", "In 1850 Professor Stowe joined the faculty of his alma mater, Bowdoin College in Brunswick, ME. The Stowe family moved to Maine and lived in Brunswick until 1853.", "Nine colleges and universities are located within the Lincoln boundaries. The University of Nebraska–Lincoln, the main campus of the University of Nebraska system, is the largest university in Nebraska, having 19,979 undergraduate, 4,517 postgraduate students and 510 professionals enrolled in 2014. Out of the 25,006 enrolled, 1,515 undergraduate and 970 postgraduate students/professionals were international. ", "The largest of New Hampshire's lakes is Lake Winnipesaukee, which covers 71 sqmi in the east-central part of New Hampshire. Umbagog Lake along the Maine border, approximately , is a distant second. Squam Lake is the second largest lake entirely in New Hampshire.", "The University of Portsmouth [17] is a modern university with a population of about 20,000 students.", "New Hampshire was the 9th state to ratify the Constitution of the United States. With this ratification, the Constitution officially went into effect." ]

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[ "On March 15, 1915, Laemmle opened the world's largest motion picture production facility, Universal City Studios, on a 230-acre (0.9-km²) converted farm just over the Cahuenga Pass from Hollywood. Studio management became the third facet of Universal's operations, with the studio incorporated as a distinct subsidiary organization. Unlike other movie moguls, Laemmle opened his studio to tourists. Universal became the largest studio in Hollywood, and remained so for a decade. However, it sought an audience mostly in small towns, producing mostly inexpensive melodramas, westerns and serials.", "Eight studios dominated the industry, consolidating and integrating all aspects of a film's development. By 1929, the film-making firms that were to rule and monopolize Hollywood for the next half-century were the giants or the majors, sometimes dubbed The Big Five. The Big Five studios were Warner Bros., RKO, Paramount, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, and Fox Film Corporation. They produced more than 90 percent of the fiction films in America and distributed their films both nationally and internationally. Each studio somewhat differentiated its products from other studios.", "and around Los Angeles. Those that offer behind-the-scenes studio tours include Warner Bros. (peek into the costume and prop room for the Harry Potter movies), Universal (Hollywood’s most famous backlot, 13 city blocks on four acres in the world’s largest working movie studio), Sony Pictures (formerly the historic MGM studios famous for Gone with the Wind and The Wizard of Oz) and Paramount studios (the one remaining studio that is still located in Hollywood). Many movies that are shot on location outside LA also often have scenes shot on a studio soundstage.", "From the end of the silent film era, about 1927, to around 1948, the Hollywood movie studio system controlled what films were shown across the country. Five major Hollywood-area studios owned large, grand theaters where they would show only movies produced by their studios and made with their contracted actors. These studios were Paramount, RKO, 20th Century Fox, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), and Warner Bros.", "Paramount is the last major film studio located in Hollywood proper. When Paramount moved to its present home in 1927, it was in the heart of the film community. Since then, former next-door neighbor RKO closed up shop in 1957; Warner Bros. (whose old Sunset Boulevard studio was sold to Paramount in 1949 as a home for KTLA ) moved to Burbank in 1930; Columbia joined Warners in Burbank in 1973 then moved again to Culver City in 1989; and the Pickford-Fairbanks-Goldwyn-United Artists lot, after a lively history, has been turned into a post-production and music-scoring facility for Warners, known simply as \"The Lot\". For a time the semi-industrial neighborhood around Paramount was in decline, but has now come back. The recently refurbished studio has come to symbolize Hollywood for many visitors, and its studio tour is a popular attraction.[ citation needed ]", "Film historian, David B. Pearson, creator of www.silent-movies.com noted that modern film historians tend to exaggerate the number of theaters owned by the biggest of the big five studios, MGM. Paramount owned more movie houses and in some cities, Paramount actually co-owned some of MGM’s palaces. While MGM may have had the most square footage, the real power of a studio was ownership of the means of production, distribution and exhibition by the same company, also know as vertical integration.", "Paramount is the last major film studio located in Hollywood proper. When Paramount moved to its present home in 1927, it was in the heart of the film community. Since then, former next-door neighbor RKO closed up shop in 1957 (Paramount ultimately absorbed their former lot); Warner Bros. (whose old Sunset Boulevard studio was sold to Paramount in 1949 as a home for KTLA) moved to Burbank in 1930; Columbia joined Warners in Burbank in 1973 then moved again to Culver City in 1989; and the Pickford-Fairbanks-Goldwyn-United Artists lot, after a lively history, has been turned into a post-production and music-scoring facility for Warners, known simply as \"The Lot\". For a time the semi-industrial neighborhood around Paramount was in decline, but has now come back. The recently refurbished studio has come to symbolize Hollywood for many visitors, and its studio tour is a popular attraction.", "Its production studios are at 100 Universal City Plaza Drive in Universal City, California. Distribution and other corporate offices are in New York City. Universal Pictures is the second-longest-lived Hollywood studio; Viacom-owned Paramount Pictures is the oldest by a month. [Source: Wikipedia ]", "Silent documentary introduced via title card: \"Let us go behind the motion picture screen, into the shadow land of Make Believe, to meet the men and women who create our photoplays - to follow them in their work from the birth of a story to its first showing in a theater.\" Then, we're on tour at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios in Culver City, California (part of what is collectively known, to the world outside, as \"Hollywood\"), circa 1925. Writers, directors, stars, and other MGM personnel from are introduced - many in the \"group shots\" are not identified with precision, unfortunately.", "TWO-SENTENCE HISTORY: Hollywood’s oldest surviving studio quickly earned a reputation for finding and signing the biggest stars of the day—from Mary Pickford and Douglass Fairbanks (who would go on to co-found United Artists) in the 1920s to Marlene Dietrich and Gary Cooper a decade later. Dogged by various legal and financial problems, Paramount was on the brink of insolvency by the late ’60s, until fortunes were reversed by a string of commercial and critical successes—the company is now part of Viacom.", "Paramount is the fifth oldest surviving film studio in the world after the French studios Gaumont Film Company (1895) and Pathé (1896), followed by the Nordisk Film company (1906), and Universal Studios (1912). It is the last major film studio still headquartered in the Hollywood district of Los Angeles.", "Disney’s Hollywood Studios (originally Disney-MGM Studios until 2008), is the third of four theme parks built at the Walt Disney World Resort in Bay Lake, Florida, opened on May 1, 1989. Spanning 135 acres (54.6 ha), it is dedicated to show business, drawing inspiration from the heyday of Hollywood in the 1930s and 1940s. In 2011, the park hosted approximately 9.7 million guests, making it the fifth-most visited amusement park in the United States, and eighth-most visited in the world. Movie magic comes to life at Disney’s Hollywood Studios, awash in the glitz and glamour of Hollywood’s Golden Age. Step into the action with attractions based on blockbuster movies and top TV shows, and delight in exciting entertainment that puts you centre stage. With the vibrancy of a bustling movie set, this park features 8 sections: Hollywood Boulevard, Echo Lake, Sunset Boulevard, Streets of America, Commissary Lane, Pixar Place, Mickey Avenue and Animation Courtyard areas.", "Ince's aspirations soon led him to leave the narrow confines of Edendale and find a location that would give him greater scope and variety. He settled upon a 460 acre tract of land called Bison Ranch located at Sunset Blvd. and Pacific Coast Highway in the Santa Monica Mountains, (the present-day location of the Self-Realization Fellowship Lake Shrine) which he rented by the day. By 1912, he had earned enough money to purchase the ranch and was granted permission by NYMP to lease another 18000 acre in the Palisades Highlands stretching up Santa Ynez Canyon between Santa Monica and Malibu where Universal Studios was eventually established, which was owned by The Miller Bros out of Ponca City, Oklahoma. And it was here Ince built his first movie studio. ", "Since 1927, Grauman’s Chinese Theater (now known as TCL Chinese Theater after the naming rights were sold to a Chinese corporation) has been THE spot for Hollywood’s biggest premieres. It’s also a must see for any trip to Los Angeles, and it features on almost all of our Los Angeles Tours .", "Silent Movie : The Big Picture Studios logo is essentially that of MGM, but with the studio boss in place of the lion and a seal barking replacing the roar.", "Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. (abbreviated as MGM or M-G-M, also known as Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer or Metro) is an American media company, involved primarily in the production and distribution of feature films and television programs.", "Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American film and television production/distribution company, located at 5555 Melrose Avenue in Hollywood. Founded in 1912 and currently owned by media conglomerate Viacom , and a major film company that distributes Greenuts as well as Geo Animation Studios ' other movies. Paramount Pictures is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA). It has distributed various commercially successful film series, such as Shrek, Transformers, Mission: Impossible, Greenuts , Marvel Cinematic Universe (partially), Indiana Jones, Star Trek, Madagascar, Kung Fu Panda, Paranormal Activity and Friday the 13th.", "Bollywood – After Hollywood, Indian movie industry is considered to the biggest in the world. The largest part in the Indian movie industry is located in Mumbai, popularly known as Bollywood – an amalgamation of Bombay and Hollywood.", "Hollywood is being refurbished as well, with the famous Mann's Chinese Theatre having undergone a major renovation. A new shopping, dining, and entertainment center located in the heart of Hollywood is designed to mirror a 1916 classic movie set. The five-story, open-air complex, called Hollywood and Highland, includes the Renaissance Hollywood Hotel, more than 60 specialty shops, public art exhibitions, six movie screens, restaurants, nightclubs, and the Kodak Theatre.", "The American motion picture and television industries are based in Los Angeles. So it is not surprising that it is called The Entertainment Capital of the World.", "Founded in 1937 by , the studios were bombed by the during the . In the 1950s, Cinecittà was the filming location for several large American film productions, and subsequently became the studio most closely associated with . Today Cinecittà is the only studio in the world with pre-production, production, and full post-production facilities on one lot, allowing directors and producers to walk in with their script and \"walk out\" with a completed film.", "Many films are made in the area of Los Angeles called Hollywood. Millions of people visit the area. No trip to Los Angeles is complete without seeing the word \"Hollywood\" spelled out in huge letters on a hillside.", "The Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California serve as the international headquarters for media conglomerate The Walt Disney Company.", "Hollywood-inspired nicknames, most starting with the first letter(s) of the location and ending in the letters \"-ollywood\" or \"-wood\", have been given to various locations around the world with associations to the film industry - inspired by the iconic Hollywood in Los Angeles, California, whose name has come to be a metonym for the motion picture industry of the United States.", "The Hollywood studio system during the 2000s was mostly dominated by six global entertainment companies or conglomerates, which made about 90% of the North American films:", "Owner description: Perched atop Mount Lee, this global symbol of Hollywood glamour measures 450 feet in length with mammoth white letters, each standing 45 feet high, spelling out the name of the city.", "Further expansion continued and a vacant block on Argyle Street to the east was bought and was referred to as the “back yard,” containing fourteen garages and the street sets for outdoor filming. A new double deck paint frame was erected, eight times the size of the former paint frame, which at the time of its construction, was the largest on the Pacific Coast. Over 150 new dressing rooms were built for the stars, members of the organization and the extras. The studio also controlled the Morosco-Pallas Studios at Occidental and Council, and there, a new stage was built and the plant adjusted so that it could handle at least six companies.", "“The major corporations bought all the studios, so they are now just divisions rather than actual studios. It’s all committees and profit analysis, based on all these 'facts’ they have regarding what the audience wants to see. You can’t argue – they just won’t hire you. It’s all gone from Hollywood. Thousands still come here looking to see movie stars, but they’re all off making movies in Eastern Europe, wherever they can get a tax break.”", "The Margaret Herrick Library in Los Angeles is home to the world's most extensive collection of Hollywood memorabilia.", "Hollywood is such an iconic name that various other locations associated with the film industry are nicknamed with Hollywood-inspired names. Most starting with the first letter(s) of the location and ending in the letters \"-ollywood\" or \"-wood\".", "New York is a prominent location for the American entertainment industry, with many films, television series, books, and other media being set there. , New York City was the second largest center for filmmaking and television production in the United States, producing about 200 feature films annually, employing 130,000 individuals; the filmed entertainment industry has been growing in New York, contributing nearly US$9 billion to the New York City economy alone as of 2015, and by volume, New York is the world leader in independent film production – one-third of all American independent films are produced in New York City. The Association of Independent Commercial Producers is also based in New York. In the first five months of 2014 alone, location filming for television pilots in New York City exceeded the record production levels for all of 2013, with New York surpassing Los Angeles as the top North American city for the same distinction during the 2013/2014 cycle. ", "Burbank is home to many employees of the motion picture, digital cinema and television studios located in the area." ]

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[ "The first Indianapolis 500 was held in 1911, where Ray Harroun was declared the first winner, driving the Marmon Wasp. The race has been run annually since 1911 (with exceptions during World War I and World War II) and 69 drivers have been crowned champions of the 500-mile race over the course of 98 races. The most race victories held by a single driver is four, which has been accomplished only by A. J. Foyt, Al Unser and Rick Mears. The Indianapolis 500 has also drawn many international drivers to the Indianapolis Motor Speedway over the years, with 26 of the winners coming from outside of the United States, representing nine separate countries. The most recent champion of the Indianapolis 500 is Alexander Rossi, winner of the 2016 race.", "The first Indianapolis 500 was held in 1911 , where Ray Harroun was declared the first winner, driving the Marmon Wasp. The race has been run annually since 1911 (with exceptions during World War I and World War II ) and 67 drivers have been crowned champions of the 500-mile race over the course of 96 races. The most race victories held by a single driver is four, which has been accomplished only by A. J. Foyt , Al Unser and Rick Mears . The Indianapolis 500 has also drawn many international drivers to the Indianapolis Motor Speedway over the years, with 25 of the winners coming from outside of the United States, representing nine separate countries. The most recent champion of the Indianapolis 500 is Dario Franchitti , who won his third Indianapolis victory at the 2012 race .", "Love it or not, Indycar racing is one of the world’s most hotly contested forms of motorsport. The most prestigious event in the Indycar calendar is the Indy 500 (or Indianapolis 500-Mile Race), which has been run since 1911, and which along with the Monaco F1 Grand Prix and 24 Hours of Le Mans is one of the races that form the ‘Triple Crown’ of motorsport. The Triple Crown is a feat that has only ever been achieved by a single driver – the late great Graham Hill. As well as being one of the most important four-wheeled racing events, the Indy 500 is also known as one of the most deadly – with drivers achieving speeds of over 200mph just feet away from the safety barrier. Wilbur Shaw – the president of Indianapolis Motor Speedway from 1945-1954 was the man who gave us the immortal phrase “gentlemen, start your engines”. All of these things point to the illustrious and immovable position of the Indy 500 in the world of motorsport – and show us why the event billed as “The Greatest Spectacle in Racing” is so important.", "While the importance of the Indianapolis 500 has diminished in recent years, their is no denying the tradition of this great race. Indianapolis Motor Speedway was built in 1909, and the first race was won by Ray Harroun.", "Between the stands and infield, it is believed the speedway holds a capacity of nearly 400,000 racing fans. Traditionally held on Memorial Day, the Indy 500 has been captured four times by A.J. Foyt, Rick Mears and Al Unser. ", "Horsepower gains and aerodynamic advances on Indy cars continued into the 1970s, when Unser's younger brother Al won consecutive \"500\" races in 1970 and 1971 and then claimed a third victory in 1978. A number of firsts were compiled in 1977, as A.J. Foyt became the race's first four-time winner, Tom Sneva was the first driver to be clocked at 200 mph at the speedway, and Janet Guthrie became the first woman driver to compete in the Indianapolis 500.", "Two drivers, Mario Andretti and A. J. Foyt , have won the Indianapolis 500 and have also won NASCAR's premiere event, the Daytona 500 . Indy 500 winner Johnny Rutherford once won one of the Daytona 500 qualifying races .", "Graham Hill is unique in motor sport history. The British sporting icon is the only driver to have won racing’s unofficial Triple Crown: the Monaco Grand Prix, which he won five times between 1963 and ’69, the Indianapolis 500 in 1966 and the Le Mans 24 Hours in 1972. Hill won two Formula 1 World Championships, for BRM in 1962 and Lotus in ’68, but lost his life when the plane he was flying crashed in thick fog on November 29 1975. Forty years after that tragedy, Motor Sport magazine celebrates his life and career with a special display on its stands at the NEC Classic Motor Show.", "Drivers who drove in the Indianapolis 500 between 1950 and 1960 were given World Championship points if they finished in the top five or took fastest lap ( 1950 – 1959 ) or finished in the top six ( 1960 ). However, only Alberto Ascari , Chuck Daigh , Juan Manuel Fangio , Giuseppe Farina , Lloyd Ruby , Troy Ruttman and Rodger Ward drove in both Indy 500 from 1950–1960 and in World Championship races, and no driver managed to score points in their non-regular event.", "Unser's eldest brother, Jerry, a rising star in the racing world, was the reigning national stock car champion in 1956. Jerry Unser became the first family member to compete in the Indianapolis 500 in 1958, finishing 31st. A year later, he lost his life following a fiery crash during a practice run, leaving other family members to compete in his stead. By 2002 six Unsers had competed in the Indy 500: brothers Al and Bobby, as well as Al's son, Al Jr., with a combined nine victories, had walked away with over a quarter of all Indy first-place wins. Bobby Unser (born 1934) made his first appearance in the Indy 500 in 1963 and won the race in 1968, 1975, and 1981. Al Unser, Jr. (born 1962) went on to become the first second-generation Indy 500 champion. Besides Al Jr., other Indy competitors in the Unser family include Jerry's son Johnny and Bobby's son Robby.", "At his retirement Unser ranked first in points earned at the Indianapolis 500; second in miles driven and total money won; and—a tie—in total number of Indy 500 starts. In a racing career lasting from 1964 to 1994 he won the Indianapolis 500 four times—in 1970, 1971, 1978, and 1987—and earned victories in 35 other races. By the time he called it quits, Unser's 39 career CART victories placed him third behind A. J. Foyt's 67 and Mario Andretti's 52 wins. Before retiring in 1994, Unser had won over $6 million on the Indy car circuit. He also achieved distinction as one of only three drivers to win on paved ovals, road courses, and dirt tracks in a single season, a feat he accomplished three years running (1968, 1969, and 1970). Unser was inducted in the Motorsports Hall of Fame in 1991. Andretti, in an interview with ESPN.com, praised Unser as one of the top five racers who had ever lived.", "Norman Graham Hill OBE (15th February 1929 - 29th November 1975) was a British racing driver and team owner from England, who was twice Formula One World Champion. He is the only driver ever to win the Triple Crown of Motorsport: the 24 Hours of Le Mans, Indianapolis 500 and the Monaco Grand Prix. Hill and his son Damon are the only father and son pair to have both won the Formula One World Championship.", "During his career, Andretti won the 1978 Formula One World Championship, four IndyCar titles , and IROC VI. To date, he remains the only driver ever to win the Indianapolis 500 , Daytona 500 and the Formula One World Championship, and, along with Juan Pablo Montoya, the only driver to have won a race in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series, Formula One, and an Indianapolis 500. No American has won a Formula One race since Andretti's victory at the 1978 Dutch Grand Prix. Andretti had 109 career wins on major circuits.", "** Bobby Unser wins the Indianapolis 500 for a second time in a rain-shorted 174 lap, 435 mile (696 km) race.", "Louis Meyer, shown in his Tydol car in 1933, was the first three-time winner of the Indianapolis 500. Meyer won in 1928, '33 and '36.", "* May 29 – Indianapolis 500: A. J. Foyt becomes the first driver to win the race 4 times.", "In the 1960s and early 1970s, the Indy 500 and the World 600 at Charlotte Motor Speedway were held on different days of the week. A handful of NASCAR regulars participated in both events in the same year, including Bobby Allison , Donnie Allison , Cale Yarborough , and Lee Roy Yarbrough . From 1974–1992, the two events were scheduled for the same day and same starting time, making participation in both impossible. A few stock car drivers during that time, namely Neil Bonnett in 1979, nevertheless still attempted to qualify at Indy, even if that meant skipping Charlotte altogether.", "* Bobby Unser (born in Colorado Springs) – auto racing driver; two-time winner of USAC/CART Indy Car championship (1968 and 1974), three-time winner of Indianapolis 500 (1968, 1975 and 1981) and thirteen-time winner of the Open-Wheel Class at the Pikes Peak International Hill Climb; inducted into the International Motorsports Hall of Fame (1990), Motorsports Hall of Fame of America (1994), and National Sprint Car Hall of Fame (1997)", "Race Car Driver. Born in Indianapolis, Indiana, he was a veteran driver of the Indianapolis 500 races for six seasons (1927-33). In 1931, he won the Indianapolis 500 and finish third in 1930. He died at 40 in Indianapolis, Indiana. (Bio by: John \"J-Cat\" Griffith )", "*Dario Franchitti, from Whitburn, four-time Indy Car series champion, and three-time winner of the Indianapolis 500", "The Indianapolis Motor Speedway complex was built in 1909 as a gravel-and-tar track and hosted a smattering of small events, including ones for motorcycles. The first long distance event, in \"fearful conditions\", was the 100-lap Prest-O-Lite Trophy in 1909, won by Bob Burman in a Buick. Breakup of the asphalt led to two fatal accidents in the first two long-distance events (a 250 mi and 300 mi, which was shortened to 235 mi after two severe wrecks). ", "Bobby Unser celebrates after winning the 1968 Indianapolis 500. Unser won the Indy 500 in three different decades, also scoring wins in 1975, and '81. Bobby was the first of three Unsers to win at the Brickyard. ", "Bobby Unser celebrates after winning the 1968 Indianapolis 500. Unser won the Indy 500 in three different decades, also scoring wins in 1975, and '81. Bobby was the first of three Unsers to win at the Brickyard.", "Harroun's race wins included: a 1910 100-mile race at the Atlanta Motordrome; the 1910 200-mile Wheeler-Schebler Trophy Race (at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway); the May 1910, 50-mile Remy Grand Brassard Race (also at IMS); three races at Churchill Downs (home of the Kentucky Derby); three races at the original Latonia Race Track; and races at tracks in New Orleans, Los Angeles, Long Island and Memphis. He is best known for winning the first Indianapolis 500, driving a Marmon.", "Andretti had a long career in racing. He was the only person to be named United States Driver of the Year in three decades (1967, 1978, and 1984). He was also one of only three drivers to win races on road courses, paved ovals, and dirt tracks in one season, a feat that he accomplished four times. With his final IndyCar win in April 1993, Andretti became the first driver to win IndyCar races in four different decades and the first to win automobile races of any kind in five.", "In 1978, when he captured his third Indy 500, Unser also won the Pocono and California 500s, making him the first driver to earn an \"Indy Car Triple Crown.\"", "At the time of his death, he had won more Grand Prix races (25) and achieved more Grand Prix pole positions (33) than any other driver. He also competed in the Indianapolis 500 five times, and won it once, in 1965.", "In 1977 Unser won races at Pocono, Milwaukee, and Phoenix. He also came in second in Indy-car points—points are awarded to the fastest qualifier and to the driver leading by the most laps in a race-and won the International Race of Champions (IROC) championship. The following year he took racing's Triple Crown by winning at Indianapolis, Pocono, and Ontario. He also recaptured the IROC championship.", "auto racer: 7-time winner of Daytona 500 [1964, 1966, 1971, 1973, 1974, 1979, 1981]; 1st to win a million $$ stock car race", "Grand Prix, and the 1993 European Grand Prix. He holds a record six victories at the Monaco Grand Prix, and is the third", "auto racer: 18 Indianapolis 500 races, completed all 200 laps in the Indy 500 five times", "He was a three-time Indy Car champion. He won the USAC award in 1970 and the CART titles in 1983 and 1985." ]

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[ "Wyatt Earp died at home in the Earps' small apartment at 4004 W 17th Street, in Los Angeles , of chronic cystitis (some sources cite prostate cancer) on January 13, 1929, at the age of 80 [21] . Western actors William S. Hart and Tom Mix were pallbearers at his funeral . His wife Josie was too grief-stricken to attend. Josie had Wyatt's body cremated and buried Wyatt's ashes in the Marcus family plot at the Hills of Eternity, a Jewish cemetery (Josie was Jewish) in Colma, California. When she died in 1944, Josie's ashes were buried next to Wyatt's. The original gravemarker was stolen in 1957 but has since been replaced by a new standing stone.", "Wyatt Earp was the last surviving Earp brother and the last surviving participant of the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral when he died at home in the Earps' small rented bungalow at 4004 W 17th Street, in Los Angeles, of chronic cystitis on January 13, 1929 at the age of 80. Charlie Welsh's daughter Grace Spolidora and his daughter-in-law, Alma, were the only witnesses to Wyatt's cremation. Josephine was apparently too full of grief to assist. Wyatt was survived by Josephine and sister Adelia. He had no children. ", "Wyatt Earp was the last surviving Earp brother and the last surviving participant of the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral when he died at home in the Earps' small rented bungalow at 4004 W 17th Street, [108] in Los Angeles, of chronic cystitis on January 13, 1929 at the age of 80. [112] :327 Charlie Welsh's daughter Grace Spolidora and his daughter-in-law, Alma, were the only witnesses to Wyatt's cremation. Josephine was apparently too full of grief to assist. [135] Wyatt was survived by Josephine and sister Adelia. He had no children. [181]", "On Jan. 13, 1929 Wyatt Earp died in Los Angeles at the age of 80. Cowboy actors Tom Mix and William S. Hart were among his pallbearers. Wyatt's cremated ashes were buried in Josie's family plot in Colma, California, just south of San Francisco. When Josie died in 1944 at the age of 75, she was buried there beside him.", "at the age of 80. He was not really an artist (unless gun fighting was an art), but where would Westerns be without Wyatt Earp?", "Wyatt Berry Stapp Earp (March 19, 1848 – January 13, 1929) was an American farmer, teamster, sometime buffalo hunter, officer of the law in various Western frontier towns, gambler, saloon-keeper, and miner. He is best known for his participation in the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral, along with Doc Holliday , and two of his brothers, Virgil Earp and Morgan Earp. Wyatt Earp is the major subject of various movies, TV shows, biographies and works of fiction .", "Virgil Earp walks across 5th street from the Oriental Saloon towards the Crystal Palace just two mo...nths after the \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\" and is ambushed in the darkness of night by cowardly assassins. He wanders back in to the Oriental where Wyatt takes him one block to the safety of the Cosmopolitan Hotel where buckshot and six inches of bone are removed from his left arm, rendering it useless for the rest of his life. No one was held legally accountable for this attempt on his life, but his likely assassins were hunted and killed without question by Wyatt in the week after the successful killing of Morgan Earp the following March. Despite the use of only one arm, Virgil would go on to become the first City Marshal of Colton, California on July 11, 1887 and reelected a year later. Despite the dangers of a life lived fighting in the Civil War, traveling by wagon across the country, serving as various positions in law enforcement, and attempts on his life, Virgil died at the age of 62 losing a fight with pneumonia on October 19, 1905.", "After the Tombstone shootout, Virgil Earp was maimed by hidden assailants and Morgan Earp was murdered. Unable to get justice through the courts, Wyatt Earp took matters into his own hands. Deputy U.S. Marshal Wyatt Earp formally deputized Holliday and others and as a federal posse, they pursued the outlaw Cowboys they believed were responsible. They found Frank Stilwell lying in wait as Virgil boarded a train for California and killed him. The local sheriff issued a warrant for the arrest of five members of the posse, including Holliday. The posse killed three others during late March and early April, 1882, before they rode to New Mexico and later Colorado. Wyatt Earp learned of an extradition request for Holliday and arranged for Colorado Governor Frederick Walker Pitkin to deny Holliday's extradition. Holliday spent the remaining few years of life in Colorado and died in his bed at the Glenwood Springs Hotel of tuberculosis at age 36.", "1848: Birth of Wyatt Earp, US lawman who was involved in five gunfights in Tombstone, Arizona including the Gunfight at the O K Corral. He is said to have survived by wearing a bullet-proof vest.", "No other lawman of the Old West has inspired more legends than the soft-spoken and nerveless Wyatt Earp. Unlike most of his peers, Earp survived countless gun battles and physical encounters with outlaws because of his extraordinary patience and resolute manner. He was not noted as a quick-draw and while gunslingers quickly drew their weapons against him and fired wildly, Earp would take careful aim as the bullets whizzed by him. His aim was true and his purpose was to out-survive the outlaws. Though he was involved in occasional shoot-outs, he was most noted for hitting violators over the head with his pistol to affect an arrest. . . .", "After Wyatt Earp first arrived in Tombstone, his business efforts yielded little profit, and he took a job as a stagecoach shotgun messenger for Wells Fargo , guarding shipments of silver bullion. On July 28, 1880 Wyatt was appointed Pima County Deputy Sheriff . He held this position for only three months until after the election of November 9, 1880, when he resigned. [4] When Virgil was maimed by an assassination attempt, Wyatt was appointed Deputy U.S. Marshal in his place. He held that position until he left Cochise County in April 1882. Wyatt Earp was an imposing, handsome man: blond, 6 feet (1.8 m) tall, weighing about 165 to 170 pounds (75 to 77 kg), broad-shouldered, long-armed, and muscular. He had been a boxer and was reputed to be an expert with a pistol. According to author Leo Silva, Earp showed no fear of any man. [25] :83", "On this day in 1881, in Tombstone, Arizona Territory, USA, the Gunfight at the OK Corral took place.   The brothers Wyatt, Morgan and Virgil Earp, together with their good friend Doc Holliday (is there anything more terrifying than a dentist with an attitude?) fought Frank and Tom McLaury, Ike and Billy Clanton, and Billy Claiborne.   Billy Clanton and both McLaury brothers were killed.   Morgan Earp, Virgil Earp, and Doc Holliday were wounded.   Ike Clanton and Billy Claiborne ran away from the fight, unharmed, and lived to get shot dead another day.   Trouble had been brewing between the two groups for a long time.   The Earps represented the establishment, and were often accused of abusing their power.   The other faction were the �Cowboys�, often complained of as being rowdy and lawless.   Virgil Earp was the City Marshal and Deputy US marshal for the area, and Morgan Earp was also a City Marshal, but neither Wyatt Earp nor Doc Holliday were law officers, and had no real business being involved.   The two were later charged with murder, but not indicted.   Who was to blame for the gunfight and who precisely did what to whom are topics that have sustained historical controversy, and Tombstone�s tourist industry, to this day.", "The film begins in Fort Griffin, Texas, where lawman Wyatt Earp (played by Burt Lancaster ) first encounters Doc Holliday ( Kirk Douglas ), a gambler and gunfighter. After being arrested on a questionable murder charge, Doc is saved from a mob by Wyatt. The two men later meet in Dodge City, Kansas, and Doc comes to Wyatt’s aid on several occasions. They then head to Tombstone , Arizona, where Wyatt’s brother Virgil (John Hudson), the local marshal, is facing a crisis. The Clanton family has stolen a herd of cattle and is desperate to transport them via the Tombstone rail station. Virgil intends to stop the rustlers, and he is joined in his efforts by Wyatt, their brothers James (Martin Milner) and Morgan ( DeForest Kelley ), and Doc. The Clantons target Wyatt for assassination, but the attempt goes awry, and James is killed instead. His death sets the stage for the legendary gunfight at the nearby O.K. Corral, from which the Earps and Holliday emerge victorious.", "In the summer of 1878, Texas cowboy George Hoy, after an altercation with Wyatt, returned with friends and fired into the Comique variety hall, outside of which stood police officers Wyatt Earp and Jim Masterson. Inside the theater, a great number of .45 bullets penetrated the plank building easily, sending Doc Holliday, Bat Masterson, comedian Eddie Foy and many others instantly to the floor. Masterson, Foy, and the National Police Gazette later all gave accounts of the damage to the building and danger to those inside. No one was hurt (Foy noted that a new suit, which remained hanging up, had three bullet holes in it). The lawmen, both inside and outside the building, returned fire, and Hoy was shot from his horse as he rode away, with a severe wound to the arm. A month later, on August 21, he died of the wound. [8] Whose bullet struck Hoy is unknown, but Earp claimed the shot. James Masterson, a gunman in his own right and the lesser known brother to Bat Masterson, was standing with Earp during the shootout, and many believed it was actually his shot that downed Hoy.", "In Tombstone, Arizona, Earp acquired the gambling concession at the Oriental Saloon and met his third wife Josie. In 1881, a feud with the Clanton gang ended with the famous Gunfight at the OK Corral. Three of the Clanton gang were killed. The three Earp brothers, Virgil, Wyatt and Morgan, survived, along with Doc Holliday.", "Performance events help preserve the town's Wild West image and expose it to new visitors. Helldorado Days is Tombstone's oldest festival and celebrates the community's wild days of the 1880s. Started in 1929 (coincidentally the year Wyatt Earp died), the festival is held on the third weekend of every October, near the anniversary date of the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral, and consists of gunfight reenactment shows, street entertainment, fashion shows and a family-oriented carnival. Tombstone's Main Event: A Tragedy at the O.K. Corral, a stage play by Stephen Keith, was presented inside the O.K. Corral until 2013. It depicted the Cowboys' version of events in which the Earps shot the Cowboys as they attempted to surrender. The new reenactment, titled simply \"The Gunfight\", began its run in May 2013. The show runs thirty minutes, three times daily. \"The Gunfight\", written and directed by Wyatt Earp historian Timothy W. Fattig, portrays the infamous shootout as an inevitable consequence of the protagonists' bravado. Performers from all local stage shows can be seen on and around Allen Street every day.", "His Associated Press obituary [49] and others [8] gave a lot of ink to his officiating of the Fitzsimmons-Sharkey fight. He was also described as a \"gun-fighter, whose blazing six-shooters, were for most of his life allied with the side of law and order\". [49] The Review-Atlas, the local paper from his birthplace in Monmouth, Illinois , printed a story on page one about Wyatt's death on January 13, 1929. It mentioned Earp's attempts to get into the movies but gave more attention to the Sharkey-Fitzsimmons scandal.", "The gunfight was not the end of the conflict. On December 28, 1881, Virgil Earp was ambushed and maimed in a murder attempt by the Cowboys. On March 18, 1882, Cowboys fired from a dark alley through the glass door of a saloon, killing Morgan Earp . The suspects in both incidents furnished alibis supplied by other Cowboys and were not indicted. Wyatt Earp, newly appointed as Deputy U.S. Marshal in Cochise County , then took matters into his own hands in a personal vendetta . He was pursued by county sheriff Johnny Behan , who had received a warrant from Tucson for Wyatt's shooting of Frank Stilwell .", "The strategy failed: while Virgil held up the cane, one witness saw a man, almost certainly Holliday, poke a Cowboy in the chest with the shotgun then step back. Wyatt Earp and Tom Mclaury were the first men to fire, almost at the same time according to Wyatt's testimony. Shortly after, Holliday used the shotgun to kill Tom McLaury, the only man to sustain shotgun wounds a fatal buckshot charge to the chest. This probably happened quite early in the fight, before Holliday fired a pistol, though scenarios in which the slight and tubercular Holliday held a pistol with one hand and a double-barreled shotgun in the other during the gunfight are postulated.", "Two days later, in Iron Springs, Arizona, the Earp party, seeking a rendezvous with a messenger for them, stumbled upon a group of cowboys led by \"Curley Bill\" William Brocious. In Wyatt's account, he had jumped from his horse to fight, when he noticed the rest of his posse retreating, leaving him alone. Curley Bill was surprised in the act of cooking dinner at the edge of a spring, and he and Wyatt traded shotgun blasts. Curley Bill was hit in the chest by Wyatt's shotgun fire and died. Wyatt survived several near misses from Curley Bill's companions before he could remount his horse and was not hit. During the fight, another cowboy named Johnny Barnes received fatal wounds.", "Ike Clanton and Tom McLaury were both unarmed and tried to run away. Clanton was successful but Doc Holliday shot McLaury in the back. Billy Clanton and Frank McLaury, although seriously wounded, continued to fire their guns and in the next couple of seconds Virgil Earp, Morgan Earp and Doc Holliday were all wounded. Wyatt Earp was unscathed and he managed to finish off Billy Clanton and Frank McLaury.", "TOMBSTONE, Ariz. (AP) Past Boothill Graveyard and around the bend where Arizona 80 becomes Fremont Street , a larger-than-life statue of a man rises from a low sandstone pedestal. Clad in a duster and broad-brimmed hat, a sawed-off shotgun over one shoulder, Wyatt Earp stands guard at the entrance to this dusty town that calls itself \"too tough to die.\"", "Earp was known to carry a .45 caliber pistol, as he did on the night of the Fitzimmons-Sharkey fight in 1896. Historians have credible evidence that Wyatt used a .44 caliber 1869 American model Smith & Wesson during the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral. This weapon was given by Earp to John Flood, who left it to Earp historian John D. Gilchriese.", "On a blustery day toward the end of October, 1881, the town of Tombstone, Arizona, witnessed the most notorious shoot-out in the history of the West. In a vacant lot at the rear of the O.K. Corral, City Marshal Virgil Earp and his brothers Wyatt and Morgan, joined by a gambler friend, Doc Holliday, exchanged gunfire with four local cowboys, the Clanton and McLaury brothers. \"Three Men Hurled into Eternity in the Duration of a Moment,\" blared the headline over the first report of the affair in The Tombstone Epitaph. The duration, in fact, was slightly more than half a minute, although a deadly staccato of vengeful gunfire echoed for months afterward.", "The first of these men was John “Texas Jack” Vermillion. A carpenter by trade who was said to have hailed from Virginia (not Texas), Vermillion gave his age as 36 in 1881. He had arrived in Tombstone from New Mexico Territory and had proved his worth to the Earps after the June 1881 town fire, when he was deputized by Virgil to help keep lot jumpers at bay. Here was a man who could enforce the law in times of trouble. Vermillion apparently wore his hair long and was sometimes called “Shoot-Your-Eye-Out Jack.” Recent researchers have said that his full name was John Wilson Vermillion, that he had been a sharpshooter with the Virginia Cavalry during the Civil War, and that he was rumored to have been a lawman in Missouri.", "\"So hail and farewell to the lion of Tombstone. . . . Something epic in him. Fashioned in Homeric mould. In his way, a hero. Whatever else he may have been, he was brave. Not even his enemies have sought to deny his splendid courage. The problems of his dangerous and difficult situation, he solved, whether wisely or foolishly, with largeness of soul and utter fearlessness . . . He was a hard man among hard men in a hard environment. . . . Judged by the circumstances of his career, the verdict in his case is clear - Wyatt Earp was a man.\"", "Wyatt Earp is a movie about a man and his family. The movie shows us the good times and the bad times of one of the West's most famous individuals.", "At about 3:00 in the morning of July 26, 1878, George Hoyt (spelled in some accounts as \"Hoy\") and other drunken cowboys shot their guns wildly, including three shots into Dodge City's Comique Theater, causing comedian Eddie Foy to throw himself to the stage floor in the middle of his act. Fortunately, no one was injured. Assistant Marshal Earp and policeman Bat Masterson responded and \"together with several citizens, turned their pistols loose in the direction of the fleeing horsemen\". As the riders crossed the Arkansas river bridge south of town, George Hoyt fell from his horse after he was wounded in the arm or leg. Earp told Stuart Lake that he saw Hoyt through his gun sights against the morning horizon and fired the fatal shot, killing him that day, [38] but the Dodge City Times reported that Hoyt developed gangrene and died on August 21 after his leg was amputated. [39] :329", "Tombstone, Arizona has been dubbed ‘The Town too Tough to Die’ due to its huge number of otherworldly residents. Such ghosts in this old mining town include the ones hanging around the Bird Cage Theatre, victims of the O.K Corral fights, such as Marshall Fred White, plus the various other cowboys and varmints – such as Virgil Earp – who were hung, shot, or deceased from disease in this historically violent town. Photo by hanneorla", "Billy \"the Kid\" Claiborne was killed in a gunfight in Tombstone in late 1882, by gunman Franklin Leslie . He was 22 years old. [98]", "Wild Bill Hickok (1837 - 1876) was an army scout, gunfighter, lawman and professional gambler of the American Old West. A \"quick draw\" duel between Hickok and Davis Tutt in 1865 is the earliest recorded duel of this kind. He is recorded to have killed at least twenty men in gunfights.", "For example, one recreation plays out the gunfight that killed Billy Claiborne, a member of the Cowboys gang, who ran from the OK Corral. He was killed by gunfighter Frank Leslie on the main street in Tombstone. In fact, a marker near the spot tells what happened. It says: \"Buckskin Frank Leslie killed Billy Claiborne here on November 14, 1882.”" ]

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[ "Various sporting events are popular in Finland. Pesäpallo, resembling baseball, is the national sport of Finland, although the most popular sports in terms of spectators is ice hockey. Ice Hockey World Championships 2016 final Finland-Canada, 69% Finnish people watched that game on TV. Other popular sports include athletics, cross-country skiing, ski jumping, football and basketball. While ice hockey is the most popular sports when it comes to attendance at games, association football is the most played team sport in terms of the amount of players in the country and is also the most appreciated sports in Finland. ", "The 1952 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XV Olympiad, were held in 1952 in Helsinki , Finland. Other notable sporting events held in Finland include the 1983 and 2005 World Championships in Athletics , among others.", "Among winter sports , Finland has been the most successful country in ski jumping , with former ski jumper Matti Nykänen being arguably the best ever in that sport. Most notably, he won five Olympic medals (four gold) and nine World Championships medals (five gold). Kalle Palander is a well-known alpine skiing winner, who won the World Championship and Crystal Ball (twice, in Kitzbühel ). Tanja Poutiainen has won an Olympic silver medal for alpine skiing, as well as multiple World Championship competitions.", "Host: World Cup 68, CoH 58, X Winter Olympics, World Bowl XXII, Beach Cup XI, World Korfball Classic III", "86 events over 15 disciplines in 7 sports were included in the 2010 Winter Olympics. The three skating sports disciplines were figure skating, speed skating, and short track speed skating. The six skiing sport disciplines were alpine, cross-country skiing, freestyle, Nordic combined, ski jumping and snowboarding. The two bobsleigh sports disciplines were bobsleigh and skeleton. The other four sports were biathlon, curling, ice hockey, and luge. Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of medal events contested in each discipline.", "The third World Championship was played in 1994 in Minnesota, United States. There were two Canada teams, Finland, United States, Sweden and Russia. Finland won the World Cup, its very first world championship. ", " Sweden With a population which has never reached 10 million, Sweden’s astonishing success in world sports gives the country a serious claim to the title of the world’s greatest sporting nation. Swedes have won championships at an astonishing variety of sports and games. In handball, the men’s team has been world champions four times, and in ice hockey eight times. In football, the national team was runner-up to Brazil in the 1958 World Cup, and the Malmö club were runners up in the 1979 European Cup. In tennis, Bjorn Bjorg, Mats Wilander, and Stefan Edberg have all been multiple winners of Grand Slam tournaments. Sweden has produced a world heavyweight boxing champion in Ingemar Johansson, and arguably the world’s greatest woman golfer in Annika Sorenstam. Swedish speedway has been a world leader, and bandy, a form of hockey played on large outdoor surfaces, is also played at a high level. Swedes have won", "Our accommodation was our guide Kalle's summer house, the Finland equivalent to a very nice Tasmanian shack. A timber cabin by a lake complete with Sauna and 24 hour a day sunshine. We were that far North that the sun does not set in Summer! Kalle Auramaa is a competition angler in Finland and had done his homework well prior to our arrival. The competition river the Simojoki was still running high and was not fishing well, so he took us to his family shack to practice the Kuusinki and the Kitka rivers. We had already got a good taste for the fishing while in the Czech Republic, so in Finland we hit the ground running. Here the fishing was nearly all grayling, and lots of them. Czech Nymphing was far and away the best technique, with most days resulting in everyone getting around 30 grayling varying in size from 20cm to 35cm average. The practice was great and the beautiful big rivers of Finland provided a real challenge, attempting to wade across the heavy flows in preparation for the competition. Some of the highlights of the practice included a wild moose crossing", "The World Rowing Championships were previously held at Lake Karapiro in 1978. Rowing's international body said Lake Karapiro's 2010 World Rowing Championships raised the bar for the rest of the world and more international events would be held there. ", "This pattern of winners from Eastern Europe continued on through World Championships held in Sotkamo, Finland in 2001 moving to Trencin in Slovakia in 2002 and Vejle, Denmark in 2003. One of the regular competitors was Jaroslaw Olech of Poland, who after coming second three times emerged as a perpetual winner from 2002 to 2007.", "Biathlon means \"dual event\" .The sport event consists of two disciplines-cross-country skiing and rifle shooting. It was developed in the eighteenth century, when it was a popular exercise in the military camps. The sport \"military petrol\" can be referred to be the predecessor of biathlon. The sport has become extremely popular in Norway, Finland, Russia, Sweden, Slovenia, Germany, Belarus, Estonia and Bulgaria. The International Biathlon Union or the IBU is the governing body of the sport at the international level.", "Chapter 1, article 6 of the 2007 edition of the Olympic Charter defines winter sports as \"sports which are practised on snow or ice.\" Since 1992 a number of new sports have been added to the Olympic programme; which include short track speed skating, snowboarding, freestyle and moguls skiing. The addition of these events has broadened the appeal of the Winter Olympics beyond Europe and North America. While European powers such as Norway and Germany still dominate the traditional Winter Olympic sports, countries such as South Korea, Australia and Canada are finding success in the new sports. The results are more parity in the national medal tables, more interest in the Winter Olympics and higher global television ratings.", "Fredriksson, Gert Swedish kayaker, who dominated the sport between 1948 and 1960, winning seven world championships in kayaking events and eight Olympic medals, including six gold. At the 1948 Olympic Games in London, Fredriksson handily won the 1,000-metre and 10,000-metre...", "Other popular spectator sports include winter sports, boxing, basketball, handball, volleyball, ice hockey, tennis, horse riding and golf. Water sports like sailing, rowing, and swimming are popular in Germany as well.", "The 2007 Race of Champions took place on December 16 at Wembley Stadium in London, England. The Nations' Cup took place at the start of the afternoon and was won by Germany over Finland. The individual event followed and the Henri Toivonen Memorial Trophy was won by Mattias Ekström of Sweden, beating Michael Schumacher of Germany in the final.", "Canoe sport competitions began in the mid-19th century. The Royal Canoe Club of London was formed in 1866 and was the first organisation interested in developing the sport. In 1871 the New York Canoe Club was founded. The first women’s competition was organised in Russia. By the 1890s, canoe sport was popular all over the European continent. Since canoe sprints entered the Olympics in 1936, its events have changed and adapted in order to improve its overall standing and follow current trends and boat technological advances.", "Finland (; ; ), officially the Republic of Finland, is a sovereign state in Europe. A peninsula with the Gulf of Finland to the south and the Gulf of Bothnia to the west, the country has land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east. Estonia is south of the country across the Gulf of Finland. Finland is situated in the geographical region of Fennoscandia, which also includes Scandinavia. Finland's population is 5.5 million (2014), staying roughly on the same level over the past two decades. The majority of the population is concentrated in the southern region. In terms of area, it is the eighth largest country in Europe and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union.", "The 2014 Winter Olympics, officially called the XXII Olympic Winter Games (French: Les XXIIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver) (Russian: XXII Олимпийские зимние игры, tr. XXII Olimpiyskiye zimniye igry) and commonly known as Sochi 2014, were a major international multi-sport event held from February 7 to February 23, 2014 in Sochi, Krasnodar Krai, Russia, with opening rounds in certain events held on the eve of the opening ceremony, 6 February 2014. Both the Olympics and 2014 Winter Paralympics were organized by the Sochi Organizing Committee (SOOC). Sochi was selected as the host city in July 2007, during the 119th IOC Session held in Guatemala City. It was the first Olympics in Russia since the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991. The Soviet Union was the host nation for the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.", "1972 - the Soviet Union win the 4x7,5 km Biathlon at Sapporo - second gold for Alexander Tichonow", "2015 WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS – Croatia set a blistering pace from the start and maintained nearly a boat length lead the length of the course to win. Germany ran in second place until nearly the 1500 meter mark, when Lithuania and New Zealand sprinting through to win silver and bronze over Germany. Watch the final here .", "Biathlon has become one of the most popular winter sports in Germany in recent years. Germany has won 59 Olympic medals in biathlon, more than any other nation, and is the joint most successful nation in terms of Olympic golds won, with Germany and Russia having won 20 golds each. Some of Germany's most successful biathletes include Frank-Peter Roetsch, Michael Greis, Sven Fischer and Ricco Groß among the men and Uschi Disl, Andrea Henkel, Kati Wilhelm and Magdalena Neuner among the women.", "The 2014 World Championship took place in Italy. The next World Championship will be hosted by Japan in 2018.", "Finland is a country of thousands of lakes and islands – 187,888 lakes (larger than 500 m²) and 179,584 islands. One of these lakes, Saimaa, is the fourth largest in Europe.", "The 13th championship held at Daegu Stadium from August 27th to September 4th. 204 nations participated and 41 of them shared the medals of the event. USA with 12 gold and 25 overall medals topped the medal standings in the competition followed by Russia with 9 gold and 19 overall medals and Kenya with 7 gold and 17 overall medals.", "View of the nordic combined ski jump event during the Nagano 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan.", "Sochi is a resort town located on the Black Sea. The primary venue for outdoor sports was the resort in Krasnaya Polyana district (designed by the same company working on ski slopes for the 2010 Winter Olympics), while Sochi hosted the indoor sports.", "For the Finn course areas N (Nothe), W (West) and S (South) were used. The location (50° 36.18’ N 02° 25.98’ W) points to the center of the Nothe course area, the location (50° 37.18’ N 02° 23.55’ W) points to the center of the West course area and the location (50° 35.71’ N 02° 22.08’ W) points to the center of the South course area. The target time for the course was 60 minutes for the races and 30 minutes for the medal race. The race management could choose from many course configurations.", "Going back to the World Championships held in the late 1990’s it was Russia and Ukraine along with Poland taking most of the Gold medals and team trophies.", "... that Sisko Hanhijoki won 28 Finnish championship titles in the 60, 100 and 200 metres events between 1985 and 1993?", "Written by Wayne van Zwoll for the Berkshire Encyclopedia of World Sport (2005), edited by David Levinson and Karen Christensen. Great Barrington, MA: Berkshire Publishing Group. © Berkshire Publishing Group, www.berkshirepublishing.com.", "The 8th championship held at were held at the Commonwealth Stadium between August 3rd and August 12th with the participation of 198 nations and was the first time the event had visited North America. For the first time after 1987, USA didn't win the competition since Russia won 18 overall medals 5 of them gold while USA also won 5 gold medals but their overall medals were 13. Next was Kenya winning 8 overall medals, 3 of them gold. In total 42 countries shared the medals of the games.", "Lake Ladoga is a freshwater lake located in the Republic of Karelia and Leningrad Oblast in northwestern Russia just outside the outskirts of Saint Petersburg. It is the largest lake in Europe, and the 14th largest freshwater lake by area in the world." ]

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[ "Tower Air was co-founded, majority owned, and managed by Morris K. Nachtomi, an Israeli citizen who had emigrated to the United States. After a 30-year career with El Al, Nachtomi joined a wholesaler and tour package operator Tower Travel Corporation in 1981. Tower Travel Corporation was founded by Zev Melamid and his wife Estelle in the 1970s to promote discount travel to Israel. Tower Travel Corporation is credited with developing the wholesale charter market between New York and Tel Aviv.", "Tower Air was a certificated FAR 121 schedule and charter U.S. airline that operated from 1983 until 2000, when the company declared bankruptcy and was liquidated. Scheduled flights were initially offered over a New York - Brussels - Tel Aviv route in addition to charter flights to Athens, Frankfurt, Rome, and Zurich. Short-lived New York - Los Angeles flights were introduced with the addition of an ex-Avianca Boeing 747-100 in 1984. The airline was headquartered in Building 178 and later in Hangar 17 at John F. Kennedy International Airport in Jamaica, Queens, New York City. ", "Qatar Airways Company Q.C.S.C. ( Arabic : القطرية, Al Qatariyah), [4] operating as Qatar Airways, is the state-owned flag carrier [5] [6] of Qatar . Headquartered in the Qatar Airways Tower in Doha , [7] the airline operates a hub-and-spoke network, linking over 150 international destinations across Africa, Central Asia, Europe, Far East, South Asia, Middle East, North America, South America and Oceania from its base at Hamad International Airport , using a fleet of more than 180 aircraft.", "Tower Air was formed on August 13, 1982 by Zev Melamid, Mordechi Gill, Morris Nachtomi, and Sam Fondlier as equal shareholders. The airline was formed to replace the lift Tower Travel Corporation lost when Flying Tiger Line via a subsidiary, Metro International Airlines, decided to end scheduled and charter commercial passenger service (although military airlift cargo flights operated by Flying Tiger continued) and the three Boeing 747s configured for passenger flights were traded to Pan Am in exchange for all-cargo 747 freighter aircraft.", "ANA's other ancestor was Far East Airlines (極東航空, Kyokutō Kōkū ? ). [12] Although it was founded on 26 December 1952, one day before Nippon Helicopter, it did not begin operations until 20 January 1954, when it began night cargo runs between Osaka and Tokyo, also using a de Havilland Dove. It adopted the DC-3 in early 1957, by which point its route network extended through southern Japan from Tokyo to Kagoshima . [10]", "Air France is a Paris-based, French airline. It operates worldwide from its international main hub at Paris Charles de Gaulle International Airport and within France from its national hub at Paris Orly Airport. Furthermore, Air France is one of the founding members of the SkyTeam, which is an alliance of several airlines from all over the world. At this date SkyTeam was the third largest airline alliance in the world, following oneworld (British Airways, American Airlines, etc.) and the Star Alliance (Lufthansa, Singapore Airlines, United Airlines, etc.). Before the merger Air France was controlled by the French government, which owned 54.5 percent of the airline’s shares. During the merging-process, however, the state reduced its share to 18.6 percent and thus privatized Air France.", "British Airways (BA) is the flag carrier airline of the United Kingdom, based in Waterside, near its main hub at London Heathrow Airport. British Airways is the largest airline in the UK based on fleet size, international flights and international destinations. BA's UK passengers originating at non-London airports must connect via London after British Airways discontinued all direct overseas flights from UK airports outside London following the sale of BA Connect to British regional carrier Flybe in 2007.", "Air France (AF), China Express Air (G5), Hainan Airlines (HU), Japan Airlines (JL), Korean Air (KE), KLM Royal Dutch Airlines (KL), China Eastern Airlines (MU), Shenzhen Airlines (4G), Sichuan Airlines (3U), East Star Air (8C), Shanghai Airlines (FM)", "Of course, there are plenty of other major airlines in countries other than North America that have their own base cities. British Airways uses the London Heathrow Airport as its main hub. Lufthansa operates principally from Flughafen Frankfurt am Main in Germany, and Aer Lingus' main base is the Belfast International Airport in the United Kingdom. Air France KLM airline's main hub is at the Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport, and Qantas Airlines calls the Sydney Airport in Australia its main location. ", "Kenya Airways (Nairobi, Kenya), [2] , connects more African cities than any other airline on the continent. It is partly owned by KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, offers good service and frequent flights to all countries within the East African region and many other major African and international destinations.", "Delta Air Lines, Inc. (\"Delta\"; ) is a major American airline, with its headquarters and largest hub at Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport in Atlanta, Georgia. The airline along with its subsidiaries and regional affiliates operate over 5,400 flights daily and serve an extensive domestic and international network that includes 334 destinations in 64 countries on six continents, as of June 2015. Delta is one of the four founding members of the SkyTeam airline alliance, and operates joint ventures with Air France-KLM, Alitalia, Virgin Atlantic, and Virgin Australia. Regional service is operated under the brand name Delta Connection.", "While ANA's domestic operations grew, the Ministry of Transportation had granted government-owned Japan Airlines (JAL) a monopoly on international scheduled flights [8] that lasted until 1986. ANA was allowed to operate international charter flights: its first was a 727 charter from Tokyo to Hong Kong on 21 February 1971. [15]", "American Airlines, Inc. (AA), commonly referred to as American, is a major American airline headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas. It is the world's largest airline when measured by fleet size, revenue, and scheduled passenger-kilometres flown, and the second largest by number of destinations served. American together with its regional partners operates an extensive international and domestic network with an average of nearly 6,700 flights per day to nearly 350 destinations in more than 50 countries. ", "* On 11 July 1991, a Nationair Douglas DC-8, chartered by Nigeria Airways, caught fire and crashed in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, killing 261.", "Polskie Linie Lotnicze LOT S.A. (, flight), trading as LOT Polish Airlines, is the flag carrier of Poland. Based in Warsaw and established in 1929, it is one of the world's oldest airlines still in operation. With a fleet of approximately 45 aircraft, LOT operates a complex network to 60 destinations in Europe, the Middle East, North America, and Asia. Most of the destinations originate from its hub, Warsaw Chopin Airport. ", "* On 26 July 1993, Asiana Airlines Flight 733 crashed into Mt. Ungeo in Haenam, South Korea killing 68.", "Asiana Airlines [www.flyasiana.com], Eastar Jet [www.eastarjet.com], Jeju Air [www.jejuair.net] and Jin Air [www.jinair.com] ( Seoul , South Korea)", "*Middle East Airlines: A cedar, which is the national emblem of Lebanon, over the white tail and with two red bands rolling from the aircraft nose to tail", "2007: A Kenya Airways Boeing 737-800 jetliner crashed shortly after taking off during a midnight storm from Douala, Cameroon. 105 passengers and nine crew were killed in the crash. The jet had been bound for Nairobi, Kenya.", "Ansett Australia also known as Ansett-ANA and Ansett was a major Australian airline group, based in Melbourne. The airline flew domestically within Australia and from the 1990s to destinations in Asia. The airline was placed into administration in 2001 after suffering financial collapse, and subsequent organised liquidation in 2002, subject to deed of company arrangement. Ansett became an icon and greatly contributed to the advancement of aviation within Australia during its 66-year life.", "In 1978, a contract was signed with the UK enabling Rombac to manufacture the BAC One Eleven at Romaero , near Bucharest. Meanwhile, the 707 and Il-62 long-range aircraft were operating New York (via Amsterdam, later London and finally Vienna), Abu-Dhabi-Bangkok-Singapore, and Karachi-Beijing. TAROM was the only Eastern Bloc airline to operate flights to Tel Aviv , Israel.", "there was carrier called Modernair that operated out of Miami with convair 880s and possibly 990s they also had routes inside germany before the germans were allowed to . on some flights they had topless flight attendants.at that time I believe the 880s were the fastest passenger aircraft in service", "Star Air was from 1996 to 2004 a cargo airline subsidiary of Maersk Air. It operated a fleet of cargo jetliners, notably the Boeing 727 and Boeing 757, on long-term contracts with United Parcel Service. These operations were based in UPS's main European hub at Cologne Bonn Airport in Germany. ", "The Air Afrique we know today has nothing to do with the old company with the same name. The younger Air Afrique was a Pan-African airline, that was jointly owned by various West African countries. It was established as the official transnational carrier for francophone West and Central Africa, because many of these countries did not have the capability to create and maintain a national airline. It was headquartered in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. ", "United Kingdom, c/o Air Greenland A/S, Nuuk Lufthavn, 3900 Nuuk, ☎ +299 34 31 10 ( cj@airgreenland.gl ).   edit", "On April 15, 1926, Charles Lindbergh flew the first American Airlines flight, carrying U.S. mail from St. Louis to Chicago. After 8 years of mail routes, American founder C.R. Smith worked with Donald Douglas to create the DC-3, a plane that changed the consumer airline industry and created the company as we know it today. Headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas, American Airlines is the world's largest airline by fleet size, revenue, and scheduled miles flown and the second largest by number of destinations served. Together with its regional partners, the airline operates an extensive international and domestic network with an average of nearly 6,700 flights per day to nearly 350 destinations in more than 50 countries.", "The Boeing 777 is a family of long-range wide-body twin-engine jet airliners developed and manufactured by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. It is the world's largest twinjet and has a typical seating capacity for 314 to 451 passengers, with a range of 5235 to. Commonly referred to as the \"Triple Seven\", its distinguishing features include the largest-diameter turbofan engines of any aircraft, six wheels on each main landing gear, fully circular fuselage cross-section, and a blade-shaped tail cone. Developed in consultation with eight major airlines, the 777 was designed to replace older wide-body airliners and bridge the capacity difference between Boeing's 767 and 747. As Boeing's first fly-by-wire airliner, it has computer-mediated controls. It was also the first commercial aircraft to be designed entirely with computer-aided design.", "The 87m tall Air Traffic Control Tower at the airport is the tallest in the world. The airport serves 84 airlines and connects 184 destinations in 80 countries.", "Located at the center of the airport, the 22 story Control Tower is tall and is illuminated 24 hours a day. On its highest floor is located a parabolic antenna that is used by the Airport Surface Detection Equipment (ASDE) to detect all airplanes and obstacles within 5 km of the tower. The upper floors are used by ground and tower controllers, while the lower floors are mostly for support operations. The control tower has a total area of 179 square meters, making it the 3rd largest in the world as of 2001.", "Pan Am was the first airline to operate the 747. The 747-100 pictured shows the original size of the upper deck and window layout", "Surprisingly, until they had the DC10, Laker sometimes operated a BAC111 non-stop from LGW to the Canary Islands. It seems that there were restrictions on weight (passengers were restricted to 15kgs for luggage) and the flight operated at higher levels than norm, so it just about came within the BAC111's range. Refuelling stops were sometimes necessary at Faro.", "i started airline work in 1956 at eal/mdw, retiring in 2008 from aa/mia, so i’ve seen most of these airlines and ridden on lots. it’s been a hellova ride! was capital mentioned with their viscounts?" ]

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[ "Bendorf is a town in the district of Mayen-Koblenz, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, on the right bank of the Rhine, approx. 7 km north of Koblenz.", "Ask�y Bridge (Norwegian: Ask�ybrua) is a suspension bridge that crosses Byfjorden between the city of Bergen and Ask�y in Hordaland county, Norway. Opened in December 1992, it has the longest span in Norway, despite not being the country's longest suspension bridge. The bridge is 1057 metres long, while the main span is 850 metres and the clearance to the sea 62 metres.[1] The bridge has 7 spans, and was a toll bridge until November 18, 2006.", "Lucerne (; ; ; ; ; Lucerne Swiss-German: Lozärn) is a city in central Switzerland, in the German-speaking portion of the country. Lucerne is the capital of the canton of Lucerne and part of the district of the same name. With a population of about 80,501 people (as of 2013), Lucerne is the most populous town in Central Switzerland, and a nexus of economics, transportation, culture, and media of this region. The city's urban area consists of 17 municipalities and towns located in three different cantons with an overall population of about 250,000 people (as of 2007). ", "Born in Bern, Switzerland, on 6 February 1872; died Geneva 5 April 1940. Pioneer of reinforced-concrete bridge construction. In 1890 he entered the Swiss Federal Polytechnic engineering school where, in 1894, he obtained the Diploma of Civil Engineering. He worked for several organizations and, in 1901, while with Frote & Westermann in Zurich he designed the first 'Maillart system' three-hinged arch at Zuoz. In 1902 he established his own independent office, Maillart & Cie. In 1905 he designed and built the Tavanasa bridge over the Rhine, with a three-hinge arch and pierced spandrels, a work of great strength and elegance. In 1912 he began practice in Russia but was overtaken by the WW1: his wife died and he returned in poverty to Switzerland with his children. By 1919 he was able to set up an engineering office in Geneva. His first three-hinged arch railway bridge was a modest span of 30m over the Landquart at Klosters on the metre-gauge Rhaetian Railway, built in 1930. Although most of his bridges were for roads his designs formed the basis for many railway bridges all over the world, such as the massive three-hinged concrete arch with a span of 150m carrying the 4-track SBB over the Aare at Bern, and the tremendous arches on the Tauern Railway in Austria, including the Pfaffenberg-Zwenberg bridge with a span of 200m, the world's longest. Max BiII, Robert Maillart bridges and constructions. Zurich: Artemis, 1969. . Marshall . .", "* Switzerland has many timber covered bridges: Bridge over the river Muota, Brunnen, near Lake Lucerne (picture), Berner Brücke/Pont de Berne over the Saane/Sarine, near Fribourg, (picture), Kapellbrücke.", "Wiesbaden is a city in southwest Germany and the capital of the federal state of Hesse . It has about 276,000 inhabitants, plus approximately 10,000 United States citizens (mostly associated with the United States Army ). Wiesbaden, together with the cities of Frankfurt am Main , Darmstadt and Mainz , is part of the Frankfurt Rhine Main Region , a metropolitan area with a combined population of about 5.8 million people.", "Swiss engineer Robert Maillart designed three-hinged arches in which the deck and the arch ribs were combined to produce closely integrated structures that evolved into stiffened arches of very thin reinforced concrete and concrete slabs, as at the Schwandbach Bridge (1933), near Schwarzenbach (Switzerland). Maillart's early apprenticeship with Hennebique sharpened his awareness of the plastic character of the material. His profound understanding of reinforced concrete allowed him to develop new, light, and magnificently sculptural forms. Maillart's bridges are of two distinct types: stiffened-slab arches and three-hinged arches with an integrated road slab. The 295ft (90m) Salginatobel Bridge (1930) near Schiers (Switzerland) is the most spectacular and classic example of this type in the world.", "The Millau Viaduct is an enormous cable-stayed road-bridge that spans the valley of the river Tarn near Millau in southern France. It is the tallest vehicular bridge in the world, with the highest pylon’s summit at 343 meters (1,125 ft) — slightly taller than the Eiffel Tower. The speed limit on the bridge was reduced from 130 km/h (81 mph) to 110 km/h (68 mph) because of traffic slowing down, due to tourists taking pictures of the bridge from the vehicles. Shortly after the bridge opened to traffic, passengers were stopping to admire the landscape and the bridge itself.", "In 1842, the Lower Bridge was replaced by a new bridge designed by Giovanni Picco, an Italian architect from Villach, and named Franz's Bridge, in honor of Archduke Franz Karl of Austria. This bridge, opened on 25 September 1842, had two arches and a metal fence. The essentials of the bridge have been preserved until today, which is evidenced by the inscribed dedication to the archduke above its central pier, \"To Archduke Franz Karl in 1842 by the Town.\"", "Eric Carle was born in Syracuse, New York, to German immigrants. When Eric was six, he and his parents moved back to Germany. Eric hated the strict discipline of his new German school. Sad and confused, Eric longed to return to America. \"When it became apparent that we would not return, I decided that I would become a bridge builder. I would build a bridge from Germany to America and take my beloved German grandmother by the hand across the wide ocean.\"", "Castles. You’ll see lots of them along the Rhine river, especially between Rudesheim and Koblenz, Germany. Be sure to be out on deck.", "Pontoon bridges were extensively used by both the armies and civilians throughout the first half of the 20th century and both World Wars. The longest military pontoon bridge ever constructed across a river was built in 1995 by the 502nd and 38th Engineer Companies of the U.S. Army's 130th Engineer Brigade, and the 586th Engineer Company from Ft. Benning GA, as part of IFOR. It was assembled under adverse weather conditions across the Sava near Županja (between Croatia and Bosnia), and had a total length of 2034 ft. It was dismantled in 1996.", "The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate strait, the 1 mi, 3 mi channel between San Francisco Bay and the Pacific Ocean. The structure links the American city of San Francisco, California – the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula – to Marin County, carrying both U.S. Route 101 and California State Route 1 across the strait. The bridge is one of the most internationally recognized symbols of San Francisco, California, and the United States. It has been declared one of the Wonders of the Modern World by the American Society of Civil Engineers. ", "The Erasmusbrug (\"Erasmus Bridge\") is a cable stayed bridge across the Nieuwe Maas (English: New Meuse) river, linking the northern and southern halves of the city of Rotterdam, Netherlands.", "The Brooklyn Bridge is a bridge in New York City and is one of the oldest suspension bridges in the United States. Completed in 1883, it connects the boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn by spanning the East River. With a main span of 1,595.5 feet, it was the longest suspension bridge in the world from its opening until 1903, and the first steel-wire suspension bridge. Originally referred to as the New York and Brooklyn Bridge and as the East River Bridge, it was dubbed the Brooklyn Bridge, a name from an earlier January 25, 1867, letter to the editor of the Brooklyn Daily Eagle, and formally so named by the city government in 1915. Since its opening, it has become an icon of New York City, and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1964 and a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark in 1972.", "The Juscelino Kubitschek bridge , also known as the 'President JK Bridge' or the 'JK Bridge', crosses Lake Paranoá in Brasília. It is named after Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira , former president of Brazil . It was designed by architect Alexandre Chan and structural engineer Mário Vila Verde. Chan won the Gustav Lindenthal Medal [17] for this project at the 2003 International Bridge Conference in Pittsburgh due to \"...outstanding achievement demonstrating harmony with the environment, aesthetic merit and successful community participation\".", "April 5 – In Japan, the Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge linking Shikoku with >Honshūand costing about US$3.8 billion, opens to traffic, becoming the largestsuspension bridge in the world.", "The Juscelino Kubitschek bridge , also known as the 'President JK Bridge' or the 'JK Bridge', crosses Lake Paranoá in Brasília. It is named after Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira , former president of Brazil . It was designed by architect Alexandre Chan and structural engineer Mário Vila Verde. Chan won the Gustav Lindenthal Medal [50] for this project at the 2003 International Bridge Conference in Pittsburgh due to \"...outstanding achievement demonstrating harmony with the environment, aesthetic merit and successful community participation\".", "The 1940 Tacoma Narrows Bridge, the first Tacoma Narrows Bridge, was a suspension bridge in the U.S. state of Washington that spanned the Tacoma Narrows strait of Puget Sound between Tacoma and the Kitsap Peninsula. It opened to traffic on July 1, 1940, and dramatically collapsed into Puget Sound on November 7 of the same year. At the time of its construction (and its destruction), the bridge was the third longest suspension bridge in the world in terms of main span length, behind the Golden Gate Bridge and the George Washington Bridge.", "The Oresund or Oresund Bridge is a combined two-track rail and four-lane road bridge-tunnel across the Oresund strait. It is the longest combined road and rail bridge in Europe and connects the two metropolitan areas of the Oresund Region: the Danish capital of Copenhagen and the Swedish city of Malmo.", "The San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge (known locally as the Bay Bridge) is a complex of bridges spanning San Francisco Bay in California. As part of Interstate 80 and the direct road between San Francisco and Oakland, it carries about 240,000 vehicles a day on its two decks. It has one of the longest spans in the United States.", "Luxembourg's hills and plateaus are connected by numerous bridges, which are especially prominent in the capital city. Bridges in the capital include the modern Grand Duchesse Charlotte Bridge, popularly known as the Red Bridge; the seventeenth-century Vaubon Bridge; the late-nineteenth-century Pont Adolphe, once the world's longest single-span stone bridge; and the Pont Victor Bodson.", "Hood Canal Floating Bridge (William A. Bugge Bridge)    Olympic, Washington    United States    01979-02-13 13 February 1979    Floating bridge    Blown pontoon hatches combined with extreme windstorm    No casualties    Western drawspan and western pontoons sunk; other sections survived.    Lost portions rebuilt 1979-1982; the remainder of the bridge hs since been replaced.", "The Bridge, founded in 1905 by Karl Schmidt-Rottluff (1884-1976) and Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (1880-1938), was an influential expressionist group based in Dresden. Other members included Erich Heckel (1883-1970), Emil Nolde (1867-1956), Max Pechstein (1881-1955) and Otto Mueller (1874-1930). Influenced by primitive painting like that of Paul Gauguin (1848-1903), Die Brucke art expressed radical social views through modern urban scenes, landscape and figure painting . Witness its garish colour-palette, bold outlines and direct compositions. Specifically, according to its art manifesto of 1906, Die Brucke aimed 'to achieve freedom of life and action against the well established older forces'. To do this, they combined traditional art, with African and Oceanic (South Pacific) motifs, as well as tribal art and Fauvist colouring, to create an ultimately modern style. Die Brucke-style paintings include Gap in the Dyke (1910) and Two Women (1912) by Karl Schmidt-Rottluff; Berlin Street Scene (1913) by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner.", "The Europabrücke (Europe Bridge), located just outside of Innsbruck and a few km north of the Brenner Pass, is a large concrete bridge carrying the six-lane autobahn over the valley of the Sill River . At a height of 180 metres and a length of 820 metres, it was celebrated as a masterpiece of engineering upon its completion in 1963.", "German Kaiser Wilhelm II was also fond of taking holidays in Corfu. Having purchased the Achilleion in 1907 after Sissi's death, he appointed Carl Ludwig Sprenger as the botanical architect of the Palace, and also built a bridge later named by the locals after him—the \"Kaiser's bridge\" (Greek: η γέφυρα του Κάιζερ transliterated as: i yefyra tou Kaizer) -- to access the beach without traversing the road forming the island's main artery to the south. The bridge, arching over the road, spanned the distance between the lower gardens of Achilleion and the nearby beach; its remains, a monument to imperial vanity, are an important landmark on the highway. The bridge's central section was demolished by the Wehrmacht in 1944, during the German occupation of World War II, to allow for the passage of an enormous cannon, forming part of the Nazi defences in the southeastern coast of Corfu. ", "The Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge, also known as the Cooper River Bridge, is a cable-stayed bridge over the Cooper River in South Carolina, connecting downtown Charleston to Mount Pleasant. The eight lane bridge satisfied the capacity of U.S. Highway 17 when it opened in 2005 to replace two obsolete cantilever truss bridges. The bridge has a main span of 1,546 feet (471 m), the longest among cable-stayed bridges in the Western Hemisphere. It was built using the design-build method and was designed by Parsons Brinckerhoff.", "Look carefully in the top right of the picture and you’ll see the Marienbruecke (Mary’s Bridge). This suspension bridge – which has been re-cast in metal – was designed to have the perfect view of Neuschwanstein. The photos above are taken from it. Credit: Geoff Wong, CC-BY-2.0.", "Ojuela Bridge is located northeast of the state of Durango, near the caves of Rosario, adjacent to the historic village of Mapimí. In 1898, the engineer Santiago Minguín directed the construction site. It is a wooden suspension bridge and steel and measures approximately 318 meters long by 1.80 wide. The bridge rests at its ends on two supports called stirrups.", "Two suspension bridges currently span a narrow section of the Salish Sea called the Tacoma Narrows. The Tacoma Narrows Bridges link Tacoma to Gig Harbor and the Kitsap Peninsula. The failure of the first Tacoma Narrows Bridge, which was the third longest suspension bridge in the world, is a famous case study in architecture textbooks.", "Er behielt zwar Interesse am Lokomotivbau, begann sich jedoch bald auf den Br�ckenbau zu spezialisieren. Zu seinen ber�hmtesten Bauten geh�ren die Conway Bridge, die Brittania Bridge �ber den Menaikanal und die Victoria Bridge �ber den St. Lawrence.", "* Frankfurt – Bundesautobahn 66 and Bundesautobahn 661 (city proper), Frankfurter Kreuz system (inner metropolitan region)" ]

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[ "Andy was never an actual \"Bee Gee\" and was best known for his number-one single \"I Just Want to Be Your Everything\" written by Barry Gibb. Andy struggled with alcohol, drugs and relationships. His failed romance with actress Victoria Principal left him devastated. \"I just fell apart and didn't care about anything. I started to do cocaine around the clock -- about $1000 a day\", he told People magazine .", "Nearly 6 months we go by before Andy found the strength to face his fans. In July of 82 he appeared on \"Good Morning America\" to confess his drug and alcohol abuse. It was his first public appearance since the split with Victoria. Andy blamed the break-up for his decline.", "Andy Gibb was talented and successful, famous around the world as a top selling pop star, but on March 10th, 1988 fans would receive the shocking news that the shining and charming life on Andy Gibb was over. Tabloids would blame it on a cocaine overdose but his family and those who knew him best believe it was a kind of slow suicide, a deadly combination of low self-esteem, drug addiction and \"too much, too fast, too young.\"", "Mick Fleetwood, an original member of the band Fleetwood Mac, filed for bankruptcy in 1984 and it was rumored that it was due to an addiction to cocaine. Fleetwood claims the real reason is because he purchased too much real estate and ran out of money.", "Keith Richards Part of The Rolling Stones, Keith Richards is dubbed the “pirate junkie.” Apparently he has no regrets about his being a substance addict before. In fact, according to him, his being an addict helped him write some of his greatest hits of all time. However, he has given up all his hard drugs and currently only smokes marijuana. Ozzy Osbourne Ozzy and his fellow band mates dealt with substance abuse during the peak of their career. However, due to the seriousness of his addiction, Osbourne was fired by his band which led him to use even more drugs. Eventually, he cleaned up his act, stopped drinking, and gave up drugs. Britney Spears Although her struggles with alcohol and drugs have been widely publicized she went to rehab and sources say she has remained clean. It’s a good thing too since she is the mother of two.", "Gibb married and had a daughter, but as his fame increased, family life seemed less appealing than jetsetting. He divorced his wife and took up with actress Victoria Principal, 14 years his senior. Hitting the road with his brothers on their Spirits Having Flown tour, he sang on their hits and did a spotlight on his own. His third album, After Darkgenerated the #4 single \"Desire,\" and the #12 \"I Can't Help It.\" The album, however, only went gold, topping off at #21.", "On 16 February 2009, J. D. Fortune told Entertainment Tonight Canada that INXS had let him go from the band with a shake of the hand at an airport in Hong Kong. Fortune also admitted to becoming addicted to cocaine during his stint with the band. ", "EXCLUSIVE: Stevie Nicks' $1million cocaine habit, fueled by her wild affair with married Mick Fleetwood, burned a hole in her nose so big she took the drug through her private parts, reveals new book", "Stevie Nicks did a lot of cocaine in her early years with Fleetwood Mac. At the peak of her drug addiction in 1986, Nicks burned a hole in her nose so big that doctors told her she had to stop. Rumours circulated that she paid someone to blow cocaine up her butt with a straw so she could get her fix. That's not actually true. Nicks denied the story and said she continued snorting coke up her nose despite doctors' recommendations until she finally got sober.", "George Michael's lover Fadi Fawaz 'calls in a celebrity bodyguard' as singer's friend says the star was taking crack cocaine before he died Faces scrutiny ", "Pop's popularity has ebbed and flowed throughout the course of his subsequent solo career. His best-known solo songs include \" Lust for Life ,\" \"I'm Bored,\" \" Real Wild Child ,\" the Top 40 hit \" Candy \" (with vocalist Kate Pierson of The B-52's ) and \" The Passenger \". A film about Iggy Pop's life and career titled The Passenger is in development. He currently fronts the advertising campaign for the UK-based online insurance company Swiftcover , in his trademark state of toplessness.", "George Michael's lover Fadi Fawaz 'calls in a celebrity bodyguard' as singer's friend says the star was taking crack cocaine before he died", "But Cole's growing success was soon derailed by a worsening addiction to heroin and crack cocaine. In 1983, with her health and her work suffering, the singer entered rehab.", "2003, Courtney Love was sentenced to 18 months in drug rehabilitation after she admitted being under the influence of cocaine and opiates. She was banned from taking non-prescription drugs, drinking alcohol or being in places that serve alcohol.", "George Michael was the biggest British pop star of the 1980s, spinning a series of infectiously catchy pop singles into global stardom that saw him sell over 100 million albums worldwide. Blessed with good looks, a fine voice, and a knack for writing engaging melodies that worked well with dance-friendly rhythms, Michael became the rare teen sensation who matured into a respected star as an adult, though his life after achieving pop icon status was not without personal and creative challenges. Michael...", "At the height of his fame, the rapper had a brief relationship with pop star Madonna, and even posed for her 1992 controversial book Sex. But as his career declined, Vanilla Ice began using hard drugs, and experienced bouts of depression.", "George and Moss also no longer wanted to be around each other due to constant relationship battles, and coupled with George's drug addiction, a forthcoming American tour had to be cancelled. From Luxury to Heartache began to fade from the charts as well and the album ultimately sold one million copies worldwide, far fewer than their previous albums. By the summer of 1986, George admitted that he was indeed addicted to drugs. In July of that year, he was arrested by the British police for possession of heroin. The band broke up and George pursued a solo career, having several European hits and a couple of US Top 40 hits, though George would continue to struggle with his drug addiction for several years.", "Hollywood personality Deborah Jeanne Rowe was born on December 6, 1958. The adopted daughter of a millionaire couple from Malibu, California, Rowe had a lonely childhood. She was 30 before she had her first serious relationship, and the break-up hit her very hard. Rowe was still recovering from the split, and working as a nurse at a dermatologist's office in Los Angeles, when she met pop star Michael Jackson. Jackson had been diagnosed with vitiligo in the mid-1980s, and was a frequent patient at the office.", "The lead singer of '90s band Blind Melon died of a cocaine overdose in 1995. He'd had a history of legal problems, including arrests for assault, indecent exposure, and being drunk and disorderly. He'd been public about his drug problems and had also been public about his intention to get clean.", "SOS: Simon, pictured with Victoria in 2011 said: 'She had a few songs as a solo artist but she wasn't happy and she said to me \"Simon, I just don't want to do music any more. What do you think I should do?\"'", "Deborah Rowe was born in 1958 and adopted by a wealthy family living in Malibu, California. She is said to have had a very lonely upbringing and didn't had her first serious relationship until aged 30. After the break up, Rowe went to work at the office of dermatologist for Dr Arnold Klein, Klein’s most famous client was Michael Jackson, who was being treated at the clinic for vitiligo. Jackson was recently divorced from his first wife Lisa Marie Presley and is said to have struck up a close friendship with Rowe soon after. ", "In 1990, Pop recorded Brick by Brick, produced by Don Was, with members of Guns N' Roses and The B-52's as guests, as well as backup vocals by many local Hollywood groups, two of whom (Whitey Kirst and Craig Pike) would create his band to tour and perform on his Kiss My Blood video (1991), directed by world-famous director Tim Pope and filmed at the Olympia in Paris. The video attracted much controversy, as it featured much footage of Pop performing with his penis exposed to the audience. The album was his first Gold-certified album in the U.S. (denoting sales of over 500,000 copies) and featured his first Top 40 U.S. hit, \"Candy\", a duet with B-52's singer Kate Pierson.", "Soul singer Ben E. King got a surprise number 1 with a re-release of 1961's \"Stand by Me\", which was used in an advert for Levi Jeans. Long running band The Bee Gees also got their first number 1 of the decade with \"You Win Again\", their fifth overall in a 20-year career, and Michael Jackson released the multi-million selling \"Bad\" which as of 2008 is one of the top ten highest selling albums in UK chart history. It spawned the number 1 single \"I Just Can't Stop Loving You\" (a duet with Siedah Garrett), the number 3 title track and the number 3 \"The Way You Make Me Feel\". The year also saw George Michael launch his solo career post-Wham! with the album \"Faith\" and its title track, which reached number 2.", "The singer ended his 15-year professional relationship with Jonetta Patton just days before Mother's Day last year. She then missed his wedding to Tameka Foster last August.", "2008: Amy Winehouse is rushed to a hospital after having a bad reaction to medication that was meant to end her drug addiction.", "In 1990 Pop recorded Brick by Brick , produced by Don Was , with members of Guns N' Roses and The B-52s as guests, as well as backup vocals by many local Hollywood groups, some of whom would be recruited for his band to tour and perform on his \"Kiss My Blood\" video (1991), directed by world-famous director Tim Pope and filmed at the Olympia in Paris. The album was his first Gold-certified album in the U.S. (denoting sales of over 500,000 copies) and featured his first Top 40 U.S. hit, \"Candy\", a duet with B-52s singer Kate Pierson . Note that the year of release is also contained in lyrics of this song (\"It's rainy afternoon in 1990\").", "The star, whose hits include Fight For This Love, was married to footballer Ashley Cole but the couple divorced in 2010.", "This is the fourth marriage for Billy. The “Piano Man” singer was married to Elizabeth Weber from 1973 to 1982. He married model Christie Brinkley , 61, in 1985. They had one child together, Alexa Ray. They divorced in 1994. Billy then married food critic Katie Lee, 33, in 2004. Their divorce was finalized in 2009.", "With the industry expecting another major hit, Jackson's first album in five years, Bad (1987), was highly anticipated.[58] Bad had lower sales than Thriller, but was still a substantial commercial success. In the US, it spawned seven hit singles, five of which (\"I Just Can't Stop Loving You\", \"Bad\", \"The Way You Make Me Feel\", \"Man in the Mirror\" and \"Dirty Diana\") reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 charts, more than any other album.[59] As of 2008, the album sold 30 million copies worldwide, including eight million shipments in the US.[25][60]", "One day later, on November 12, 1993 Michael announced that he is cancelling the rest of his tour and that he is seeking treatment for a dependency on painkillers. He explains that the stress from the false allegations made against him caused him to become dependent on the painkillers to get through the tour. ", "By the time he was 19, the TV singing sensation was undergoing a stint in rehab to battle his demons.", "Huge success didn't bring Michael any happiness, as he says in his film, A Different Story. Conscious of being a massive celebrity and possibly a gay man, he started to think there was something wrong in being an idol for millions of teenage girls. The whole Faith process (promotion, videos, tour, awards) left him completely exhausted, lonely and frustrated, and far from his friends and family. In 1990, he told his record label Sony that he didn't want to do those kinds of promotions anymore." ]

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[ "\"The Night Chicago Died\" is a song by the British group Paper Lace, written by Peter Callander and Mitch Murray. The song reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart for one week in 1974, reached number 3 in the UK charts, and number 2 in Canada. It is about a fictional shoot-out between the Chicago Police and members of the Al Capone Syndicate. The narrator retells his mother's anguish while awaiting news of the fate of her husband, a Chicago policeman.", "The one and only hit by Dutch band Shocking Blue hit number one in 1970. It’s one of only three songs to reach #1 by a European one-hit wonder band in the 1970s (the others are “Brother Louie” by Stories and “The Night Chicago Died” by Paper Lace). Remade and made even more famous by British band Bananarama in the 1980s.", "\"The Night Chicago Died\" was Paper Lace's follow-up single to \"Billy Don't Be a Hero\", a #1 hit in the U.K. but virtually unheard in the U.S. where Bo Donaldson and the Heywoods' cover reached #1. Callander and Murray wrote both songs.", "Billy Don’t Be A Hero Fun Fact:  The song was originally recorded by Paper Lace where it was a #1 hit in England.  They were beat to the punch with an American release by Bo Donaldson and the Heywoods, who also saw their version reach #1. Paper Lace were responsible for another song thought by many to be a 70’s embarrassment: The Night Chicago Died.", "The British pop group Paper Lace ‘s 1974 hit song The Night Chicago Died mentions that “a man named Al Capone, tried to make that town his own, and he called his gang to war, with the forces of the law.” [95]", "Paper Lace are a Nottingham-based pop group who rose to sudden, brief success in 1974. They are known to Americans as a one-hit wonder; however, they had other hits in the UK. Their best known songs are \"Billy Don't Be a Hero\" and \"The Night Chicago Died\".", "Many songs are about famous criminals. \"The Night Chicago Died\" was released in nineteen seventy-four by a British band called Paper Lace. It is about the famous Chicago crime gang leader Al Capone and an imaginary gun battle in that city.", "Peter Callender and Mitch Murray wrote both this and \"The Night Chicago Died.\" Among the other songs the duo wrote together were Vanity Fare's hit \"Hitchin' a Ride\" and Georgie Fame's UK chart-topper \"The Ballad Of Bonnie And Clyde.\"", "The Nottingham, England group who reached the top of the Billboard Pop chart in 1974 with \"The Night Chicago Died\" took their name from lace products created from a special grade of high quality paper manufactured in their hometown.", "This song features mangled geography (there is no East side of Chicago besides Lake Michigan) and an anachronistic 1920s prohibition Al Capone story line. But it still reached #1 in 1974 on the strength of its sing-along chorus and marching band drums. It was the only Top 40 hit by British band, Paper Lace.", "Even hard-core mainstream rockers mixed elements of disco with their typical rock 'n roll style in songs. Progressive rock group Pink Floyd, when creating their rock opera The Wall, used disco-style components in their song, \"Another Brick in the Wall, Part 2\" (1979) —which became the group's only #1 hit single (in both the US and UK). The Eagles gave nods to disco with \"One of These Nights\" (1975) and \"Disco Strangler\" (1979), Paul McCartney & Wings did \"Goodnight Tonight\" (1979), Queen did \"Another One Bites the Dust\" (1980), The Rolling Stones did \"Miss You\" (1978) and \"Emotional Rescue\" (1980), Chicago did \"Street Player\" (1979), The Clash did \"Ivan Meets G.I. Joe\" (1980), The Beach Boys did \"Here Comes the Night\" (1979), The Kinks did \"(Wish I Could Fly Like) Superman\" (1979), and the J. Geils Band did \"Come Back\" (1980). Even heavy metal music group KISS jumped in with \"I Was Made For Lovin' You\" (1979). Ringo Starr's album Ringo the 4th (1978) features a strong disco influence.", "During the legal imbroglio, Springsteen toured and E Streeters did session work: Bittan with David Bowie and Meat Loaf, Van Zandt produced the debut by Southside Johnny and the Asbury Jukes, I Don't Want to Go Home, which featured several Springsteen compositions. Other Springsteen songs provided hits for the Hollies (\"Sandy\"), Manfred Mann (\"Blinded by the Light,\" a Number One single in 1977), Robert Gordon (\"Fire,\" later a smash for the Pointer Sisters), and Patti Smith (\"Because the Night,\" to which she contributed some lyrics). And Springsteen continued to write new songs, several of which were chosen for Darkness on the Edge of Town (Number Five, 1978).", "Technically, the Ides of March are a one-hit wonder with their 1970 hit \"Vehicle\" (#2), but in Chicago, they had other hits on local radio (\"You Wouldn't Listen\", \"Superman\", \"L.A. Goodbye\").", "Frank Sinatra recorded several versions which have appeared on many of his albums. Also, many artists have performed the song as a tribute to Sinatra in posthumous tribute albums. In addition, the song had been recorded by many other artists prior to Sinatra's death. The lyrics, which praise the city of Chicago for its people and institutions, repeat the phrase My Kind of Town several times, usually in a line that says \"My kind of town, Chicago is\".", "Over the next year, the group released a number of singles to little recognition, but it was in June 1971 that they released their breakthrough hit, \"Never Ending Song of Love\" (the first of many hit songs to be produced by David Mackay, and a cover of the American hit by Delaney & Bonnie). The song became a big hit in the UK, spending five weeks at No.2 in the singles chart and was one of the biggest selling singles of the year. Towards the end of 1971, the group recorded an adaptation of the Coca-Cola jingle, \"I'd Like to Buy the World a Coke\", which had gained much interest. Reworked as \"I'd Like to Teach the World to Sing\", the song became a worldwide success. It made No.1 in the UK for four weeks and sold just under a million copies. In the US, the song was also a hit, reaching No.7, and in Canada it reached no.3. It became a No.1 hit in many other countries and is the most recognised song by the group.", "(Curtis Ousley), murdered. Curtis was a legendary session saxophonist who appeared on many hits in the 50's and 60's. He had 15 top 100 songs from 1962 to 1971. In 1971, he had an argument outside his apartment when a man pulled out a dagger and stabbed Curtis in the heart. He was 37. King Curtis was inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame in 2000. \"Soul Twist,\" \"Ode to Billie Joe,\" \"Memphis Soul Stew.\" With the Coasters: \"Yakety Yak\"", "Book of Dreams (#2, 1977) also included three successes: \"Jet Airliner\" (#8), \"Jungle Love\" (#23) (later becoming the song played over the opening credits of the 8th season of the sitcom Everybody Loves Raymond), and \"Swingtown\" (#17). 1982's Abracadabra album gave Steve Miller his third Number One success with the title track. Miller's hit pushed Chicago's \"Hard to Say I'm Sorry\" out of the #1 spot, just as his \"Rock'n Me\" had knocked Chicago's \"If You Leave Me Now\" out of the #1 spot in 1976.", "By 1970, both Parton and Wagoner had grown frustrated by her lack of solo success, and Porter had her sing Jimmie Rodgers' \"Mule Skinner Blues,\" a gimmick that worked. The record shot to number three on the charts, followed closely by her first number one single, \"Joshua.\" For the next two years, she had a number of solo hits � including her signature song \"Coat of Many Colors\" (number four, 1971) � in addition to her duets. Though she had successful singles, none of them were blockbusters until \"Jolene\" reached number one in early 1974. Parton stopped traveling with Wagoner after its release, yet she continued to appear on television and sing duets with him until 1976.", "in 1978 - Chris Bell dies at age 27. American guitarist and singer-songwriter born in Memphis, Tennessee; along with Alex Chilton, he led the power pop band Big Star, which recorded albums during the early 1970s. He left the group after Big Star's first album, 'No.1 Record' in 1972, failed to find commercial success, although some of his musical and lyrical contributions were used on the band's second album, 'Radio City' in 1974. Chris recorded as a solo artist for the remainder of the 1970s; two of these influential solo recordings, \"I Am the Cosmos\" and \"You and Your Sister\", were released on a 1978 single on Car Records. These two songs became popular among collectors of Big Star-related items, and they were later covered on the 1991 This Mortal Coil's 'Blood' album (died instantly when his car crashed into a telephone pole).", "Kath, Terry Alan (1946-1978) [Founding member of the rock band Chicago] \"Don't worry, it's not loaded.\" (Reportedly said to Don Johnson, while pointing a 9-mm semiautomatic pistol to his own head. The single bullet left in the chamber killed him instantly.)", "* February 3 – A chartered plane transporting musicians Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens and The Big Bopper goes down in foggy conditions near Clear Lake, Iowa, killing all 4 occupants on board, including pilot Roger Peterson. The tragedy is later termed \"The Day the Music Died\", popularized in Don McLean's 1972 song \"American Pie\".", "* The Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young song \"Chicago\" (written by Graham Nash) was about the 1968 Democratic convention. In their Four Way Street live album, Nash ironically dedicates the song to \"Mayor Daley.\"", "Chicago: Selling enough records to earn the distinction of being the best-selling group of the '70s, Chicago released 10 albums during the decade, all of which went either gold or multi-platinum. Chicago's singles from the '70s include \"Saturday in the Park\" and \"If You Leave Me Now.\"", "The inside gatefold photo of Chicago 's eleventh album, released in late 1977, depicts the band, in an antique car, being chased by a group of policemen in another car, some of whom are firing guns. One policeman's gun appears directly aimed at the head of guitarist Terry Kath, who is driving the band's car. In January 1978, Kath would accidentally kill himself by a self-inflicted gunshot to the head.", "Where you might have heard them Their early '70s rock hits remain staples on classic rock radio; ditto for their late '70s and early '80s ballads on adult contemporary playlists. Occasionally, however, Chicago's catalog interacts with other realms of entertainment, like the highly ironic use of \"If You Leave Me Now\" in the classic Gulf War film Three Kings and the zombie spoof Shaun of the Dead, or \"Saturday in the Park\" being featured in an episode of \"The Sopranos,\" or \"Old Days\" popping up in the films This is 40 and Starsky & Hutch. ", "The song was originally a 1975 B-side. Not convinced that the song was a hit, producer Most put it on the flip of the Hot Chocolate 45rpm single \"Blue Night\". The song was remixed at a later date by Most, who re-released it as an A-side some months later on his RAK label. The song was a massive hit.", "\"Little Suzi\" by Tesla was originally titled \"Little Suzi's On The Up\"; first written and recorded by PhD in 1982. This troper only became aware of that fact with the passing of co-writer (and singer on the PhD original) Jim Diamond.", "singer: Candy Kisses, Rainbow in My Heart, Room Full of Roses, Crybaby Heart, I�m in Love Again; DJ: WSM, Nashville; died in 1975; died July 7, 1975", "The band spent the first few months of 1968 working on material for their next album. Those sessions resulted in the song “Jumpin’ Jack Flash”, released as a single in May. The song and the subsequent album, Beggars Banquet (UK number 3; US 5), an eclectic mix of country and blues-inspired tunes, marked the band’s return to their roots, and the beginning of their collaboration with producer Jimmy Miller. It featured the lead single “Street Fighting Man” (which addressed the political upheavals of May 1968) and the opening track “Sympathy for the Devil”.", "The band spent the first few months of 1968 working on material for their next album. Those sessions resulted in the song \"Jumpin' Jack Flash\", released as a single in May. The song and the subsequent album, Beggars Banquet (UK number 3; US 5), an eclectic mix of country and blues-inspired tunes, marked the band's return to their roots, and the beginning of their collaboration with producer Jimmy Miller. It featured the lead single \"Street Fighting Man\" (which addressed the political upheavals of May 1968) and \"Sympathy for the Devil\". ", "* Tonight's the Night (1975) - \"Come on Baby Let's Go Downtown\" - recorded live at the Fillmore East on March 7, 1970", "In 1971, who was the first rock group to appear at New York's Carnegie Hall? Chicago" ]

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[ "Born in Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, on October 26, 1942, where his mother had been sent to get away from the then-raging London Blitz, Hoskins was sent back to London with his mother when he was only two weeks old. Growing up in a solidly working-class family in post-war London, Hoskins stayed in school until he was 15, and he then abandoned formal education in favor of a string of diverse jobs. Over the course of the next ten years, he worked as a Covent Garden porter, member of the Norwegian Merchant Marines, steeplejack, plumber's assistant, banana picker, circus fire-eater, trainee accountant, and even spent time working on a kibbutz in Israel. At the age of 25, having garnered a lifetime's worth of unusual experiences, Hoskins got into acting. Hanging out at a pub one night with a friend who was auditioning for a play, he was asked to read for a part in the production. He got the part, and in the course of performing, was approached by an agent who suggested that Hoskins take up acting professionally and began arranging auditions for him. From there, Hoskins began acting onstage, working throughout the '60s, '70s, and '80s with such theatres as London's Royal Court and National Theatre and as a member of such troupes as The Royal Shakespeare Company.", "Bob Hoskins is best known in America as the non-cartoon detective in 1988's Who Framed Roger Rabbit, but he has had a remarkably diverse acting career. Hoskins has played characters ranging from Smee the Pirate (in Steven Spielberg's Hook) to J. Edgar Hoover (in Oliver Stone's Nixon) to Iago (in the BBC production of Othello), and he was nominated for an Academy Award for Neil Jordan's Mona Lisa. That role ultimately led Hoskins to his new film TwentyFourSeven, a blue-collar boxing movie strikingly directed by newcomer Shane Meadows. For his powerful role as a boxing coach and proxy father figure, Hoskins won Best Actor at the European Film Awards. The Onion recently spoke to Hoskins about circus work, accents, his street cred, and The Spice Girls.", "Bob Hoskins: Yeah! A friend of mine who was working with a circus group saw me and asked, you know, \"Do you want to do a season in the circus?\" So I said, \"Yeah, I'll try that.\" I learned to do a fire act; I was a clown and a ringmaster, and I used to do an escape act, as well.", "British character actor Bob Hoskins , who has died at age 71 , made a career playing tough guys, gangsters and blue-collar blokes with a unique combination of menace and charm. Here are five of his most memorable performances on the big screen.", "Robert William \"Bob\" Hoskins, Jr. (born 26 October 1942) is the English actor who played Smee in the 1991 film Hook , returning to the role for the 2011 Syfy-Channel prequel Neverland . He is known for playing Cockney rough diamonds, psychopaths and gangsters, in films such as The Long Good Friday (1980), and Mona Lisa (1986), and lighter roles in Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988).", "Bob Hoskins, a cheerfully earthy British character actor best known for his deadpan conversations with a sultry bunny in “Who Framed Roger Rabbit,” died Tuesday at a London hospital.", "Bob Hoskins is the recently released criminal in question, George, in an early performance that still stands as one of the best of his career. It's no wonder he became in such demand after The Long Good Friday and Mona Lisa.…", "I was sad to hear of the death of Bob Hoskins a few weeks ago. Here are some of his works on film and television. This BBC Drama from 1978 made Bob a star over here. Pennies from heaven by Dennis Potter . A seareall oddball play with musical interludes by the cast mining popular songs from the 1930's.", "In 1968, Hoskins' acting career began at the Victoria Theatre, Stoke-on-Trent. He portrayed a servant named Peter in a production of Romeo and Juliet. In 1969, he worked at the Unity Theatre in London, England. One evening, he was waiting in the Unity Theatre bar for his friend, the actor Roger Frost, to finish an audition. Whilst drinking at the bar, he was given a script and told, \"You're next.\" He got the part, with Frost ending up his understudy. Frost recalled, \"Bob was a natural. He just got up on stage and was brilliant.\" ", "In 1969, after an abortive attempt at going into accounting with his father, Hoskins claimed that he “fell sideways into acting by mistake”. While waiting in a pub with a friend who wanted to audition for the Unity Theatre, Hoskins was mistaken for the next candidate. “I was too pissed to argue,” he recalled, “so I got on stage and acted my socks off.” He was offered the lead in The Feather Pluckers, and at the play’s first night was signed up by an agent.", "In the decades before and after the Civil War , a circus clown by the name of Dan Rice was a household name in America. A singer and animal trainer, he didn’t wear a lot of makeup. Instead he impressed his audiences at one-ring circuses by taking questions and answering them with quotes from Shakespeare. He had an “unrideable” mule he trained to throw off riders when he gave a cue, as well as a trained pig he called “Sybil” in the beginning and later “Lord Byron.” Sybil/Lord Byron would appear to answer questions by responding to a quiet click of his fingernails.", "Hoskins has also directed two films, both of which he starred in; The Raggedy Rawney (1988) and Rainbow (1996). In 2009, Hoskins made a return to British television in Jimmy McGovern's drama serial The Street, where he played a publican who stands up to a local gangster. For this role he received his first Emmy when he won Best Actor at the 2010 International Emmys. In an interview with The Guardian, Hoskins spoke of his regret at appearing in the film Super Mario Bros.. On 8 August 2012, Hoskins announced his retirement from acting after being diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in 2011", "Common acts include a variety of acrobatics, gymnastics (including tumbling and trampoline), aerial acts (such as trapeze, aerial silk, corde lisse), contortion, stilts, and a variety of other routines. Juggling is one of the most common acts in a circus; the combination of juggling and gymnastics is called equilibristics and include acts like plate spinning and the rolling globe. Acts like these are some of the most common, and the most traditional. Clowns are common to most circuses and are typically skilled in many circus acts; \"clowns getting into the act\" is a very familiar theme in any circus. Famous circus clowns have included Austin Miles, the Fratellini Family, Rusty Russell, Emmett Kelly, Grock, and Bill Irwin.", "In no other form of entertainment is tradition so strong and enduring as in the circus. Already, in those years following the Napoleanic wars, entrées, invented by Grimaldi (who never appeared in a circus ring), were being performed in the tenting circuses as, with little variation, they are still performed today. Such entrées as the \"tub ballet\" and \"the bear and the sentinel\" date from these days, as also do the riding scenas such as \"The Indian,\" \"Shaw the lifeguardsman,\" and the \"Shipwrecked Mariner.\" As far back as 1819, Bradbury created the principal role in \"Dick Turpin's Ride to York,\" an equestrian spectacle still given on George Sanger's Circus. It is in externals only that the circus has changed; but even now in the smaller tenting shows the seating is of the most primitive description, speed in erecting and dismantling being all-important with one-day stands. And already the names of circus performers and proprietors were appearing in the scanty records whose descendants are still inseparably connected with the circus. Circus genealogy is bewildering. For instance, the Cookes, one of the earliest of the travelling shows, intermarried with such circus families as Boswell (South Africa), Chadwick, Cole (America), Ginnett, Krembser (German), Lockhart, Macarte, Powell, Shelton, Wirth (Australia), Woolford, Austin, Clarke, Crockett, Cruickshank, Franks, Pinder, Rowland, Sanger, Transfeld and Yelding.", "Hoskins' first appearance to mainstream American audiences was in Who Framed Roger Rabbit, for which he received a second Golden Globe nomination. Some of Hoskins' other notable appearances include playing opposite Cher in Mermaids (1990), bosun Smee to Captain Hook in Hook (1991), and Uncle Bart, the psychopathic and violent \"owner\" of Jet Li in Unleashed aka Danny The Dog. He has also performed in several television productions for the BBC, including Dennis Potter's Pennies From Heaven, Flickers, David Copperfield, and The Wind in the Willows. He played Nikita Khrushchev in the movie Enemy at the Gates (2001). Khrushchev was shown in his political commissar days during the Battle of Stalingrad. He received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in Mrs Henderson Presents.", "170... HOXIE GREAT AMERICAN CIRCUS 1975-1984 A SECOND CIRCUS OWNED BY HOXIE TUCKER IT WAS CALLED LEWIS BROS. CIRCUS IN 1975...IT BECAME HOXIE GREAT AMERICAN IN 1976... PUTTING UP THE BIG TOP WITH THE ELEPHANTS... THE SIDE SHOW AND MIDWAY.. ACTS ON THE SHOW ...ROLY-BOLY...HAIRHANG...JUGGLERS... ELEPHANTS... CAMELS...COMEDY MULE...LEOPARDS...RIDING ACT...CHIMPS... BOXING KANGAROO ...WHIPS & KNIFE THROWING ACT ... TRAMOLINE ... DOGS ... PONIES ... HORSES ... TIGHTWIRE ... CLOWNS ...", "Harry Houdini (born Erik Weisz, later Ehrich Weiss or Harry Weiss; March 24, 1874 – October 31, 1926) was an American illusionist and stunt performer, noted for his sensational escape acts. He first attracted notice in vaudeville in the US and then as \"Harry Handcuff Houdini\" on a tour of Europe, where he challenged police forces to keep him locked up. Soon he extended his repertoire to include chains, ropes slung from skyscrapers, straitjackets under water, and having to escape from and hold his breath inside a sealed milk can.", "The film features about 85 Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus acts, including clowns Emmett Kelly and Lou Jacobs , midget Cucciola, and aerialist Antoinette Concello. [1] There are a number of cameos in the film, including William Boyd , Bing Crosby , and Bob Hope .", "“I don’t want to lose the street, because that’s what I act from,” Mr. Hoskins told People magazine. “A real performance is as much a shock to the system as a road accident. Every job that comes up, I love. It’s bleedin’ maavelous!”", "3369 ... RINGLING BROS. CIRCUS ... 1974 ... OPENING SPEC ... URSULA WITH THE POLAR BEARS ... TEETERBOARD ACT ... KING CHARLES TROUPE ... ELVIN BALE TRAPEZE ... MICHLU THE MIDGET ... SPEC .... CHARLEY BAUMANN WITH THE TIGERS ... COSSACK RIDERS ... ALEX GAUTIER ELEPHANTS ... A BEAR WALKING THE HIGH WIRE ... TEETERBOARD ACT ... JEANNETTE WILLIAMS HORSES ... RUSSIAN BAR ACT ... IN THE STEEL ARENA 6 BEARS ... TIGERS AND 6 LIONS ... ELVIN BALE ON THE WHEEL OF DEATH ... DOUBLE TRAPEZE ACT ... PERCH POLE ACT ... THE FLYING ACT", "3359 ... HOXIE GREAT AMERICAN CIRCUS ... SET UP THE BIG TOP ... THE SIDESHOW ... THE MIDWAY ... .CONNIES LEOPARDS .... CHIMP ACT ... WHIP ACT ... HAIR HANG ACT ... RIDING ACT ... JUGGLER ... BOXING KANGAROO ... CLOWNS ... TEARING DOWN THE BIG TOP", "In 1895, the Houdinis joined the Welsh Brothers Circus for six months. Harry did magic, Bess sang and danced, and together they performed a trick called “Metamorphosis,” in which they switched places in a locked trunk. Not satisfied with the small scale of the act, Harry continued to work on new tricks and to develop his speaking voice and showmanship. He also became an expert at handcuffs. Arriving in a new town, Houdini would claim the ability to escape from any handcuffs provided by the local police. His easy escapes provided excellent publicity for his shows. Houdini offered $100 to anyone who provided handcuffs from which he could not escape, but he never had to pay. Through his increasingly complex escapes and his shrewd use of publicity, Houdini became a headliner on the vaudeville circuit, playing in cities across the country. Not satisfied with that low level of fame, however, Houdini decided to gamble by taking his act to Europe.", "His cuboid frame, villainous features and Cockney accent fitted him for a series of roles which he described as “animals, thugs and heavies”. These included the gangland boss Harold Shand in The Long Good Friday (1980) and the violent minder George in Mona Lisa (1986), a portrayal that earned him an Oscar nomination. Hoskins won critical success in both films, mainly for his ability to exude menace while suggesting the vulnerability beneath the violent surface of his characters.", "3172 ... RINGLING BROS. CIRCUS ... 111 EDITION ... DICK VAN DYKE .. GUNTHER GABLE WILLIAMS ... TIGERS ... ELEPHANTS ... CARRILLOS HIGH WIRE .. ERIC BRAUM DOG ACT ... TETTERBOARD ACTS ... WALLY NAUGHTIN BEAR ACT ... ANTALEK CHIMPS ... FLYING FARFANS ... FLYING VASQUIS ... MAGARITA MICHELLE HAIR HANG ... DOLLY JACOBS ... GLOBE OF DEATH", "3150 .. RINGLING BROS. CIRCUS ... 1968 ... STEPHENSON RIDING ACT ... INGABOR RHODIN ... SLOAN�S HIGH STILTS ... CHARLY BAUMANN", "From 1938 until 1967, the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus remained under both Ringling family ownership and management. In 1960, John’s younger brother Henry Ringling North (1909-1993) published The Circus Kings: Our Ringling Family Story, a family history rivaling the one penned by his uncle Alfred at the turn of the century. In 1967, John Ringling North, who was nearing retirement age, sold the family circus to promoter Irvin Feld, who subsequently sold the circus to the Mattel Corporation in 1971 before buying it back in 1982. The circus continues to operate today under the ownership and management of Feld Entertainment.   ", "For most of his career, Houdini was a headline act in vaudeville. For many years, he was the highest-paid performer in American vaudeville. One of Houdini's most notable non-escape stage illusions was performed at the New York Hippodrome, when he vanished a full-grown elephant from the stage. He had purchased this trick from the magician Charles Morritt. In 1923, Houdini became president of Martinka & Co., America's oldest magic company. The business is still in operation today.", "In that same year, the Clyde Beatty Circus, by that time the only railroad circus other than Ringling, had gone bankrupt. The decline continued throughout the 1960s. The surviving circuses were small and, worst of all, had few superstars who could perform crowd-pleasing feats.", "By modern standards Zippo�s is a big and an excellent show, housed in a 900-seat four-pole big top. Director of the organisation Martin Burton, also known as Zippo the Clown, did not himself appear in the ring. He left that to \"the world�s greatest ringmaster\" Norman Barrett who not only mastered the ring and drove the show forward by the power of his personality but also managed to present his own act of budgerigars which he has played all over Europe and in British pantomime.", "In some towns, there are circus buildings where regular performances are held. The best known are:", "All circuses suffered during the Great Depression of the 1930s, and many closed. The RBBB now under the direction of John Nicholas Ringling's nephew, John Ringling North , managed the circus successfully through the difficult times.", "For most of his career, Houdini performed his act as a headliner in vaudeville. For many years, he was the highest-paid performer in American vaudeville. One of Houdini’s most notable non-escape stage illusions was performed at New York’s Hippodrome Theater when he vanished a full-grown elephant (with its trainer) from a stage, beneath which was a swimming pool. In 1923, Houdini became president of Martinka & Co., America’s oldest magic company. The business is still in operation today. He also served as President of the Society of American Magicians (aka S.A.M.) from 1917 until his death in 1926. In the final years of his life (1925/26), Houdini launched his own full-evening show, which he billed as “3 Shows in One: Magic, Escapes, and Fraud Mediums Exposed”." ]

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[ "PEGGY LEE was born Norma Egstrom in North Dakota. Hmmm, I wonder how many other great singers are from that state? I'm sure any North Dakotans reading this will let us know.", "Peggy Lee (* 26. Mai 1920 in Jamestown, North Dakota als Norma Delores Egstrom; † 21. Januar 2002 in Bel Air, Los Angeles) war eine US-amerikanische Sängerin und Songwriterin in den Bereichen Populäre Musik und Jazz sowie Schauspielerin.", "† Peggy Lee (May 26, 1920 – January 21, 2002) was an American Grammy award winning jazz and popular music singer and songwriter and Academy Award-nominated actress. She was born Norma Deloris Egstrom in Jamestown, North Dakota.", "Peggy Lee was Born Norma Dolores Egstrom in Jamestown, North Dakota, on May 26, 1920. At age four her mother died. Peggy's father, a railroad station agent, remarried but later left home, leaving Peggy's care entrusted to a stepmother who physically abused her. Peggy later memorialized this in the calypso number \"One Beating a Day\", one of 22 ... See full bio »", "Peggy Lee (Norma Deloris Egstrom) est une chanteuse, auteur de chansons et actrice américaine, née le à Jamestown (Dakota du Nord) et morte le à Bel Air (Californie).Reconnue comme étant une des plus importantes influences musicales du XXe siècle, Peggy Lee est notamment citée comme ayant influencé des artistes aussi divers que Paul McCartney, Bette Midler, Madonna, k.d. lang, Elvis Costello, Dr. John, et nombre d'autres. En tant que compositrice, elle a collaboré avec son mari Dave Barbour, Sonny Burke, Victor Young, Francis Lai, Dave Grusin, John Chiodini et Duke Ellington, qui déclarait « Si je suis le Duc, alors Peggy est la Reine ». En tant qu'actrice, elle a été candidate aux Oscars pour son rôle dans Pete Kelly's Blues.", "Lee was born Brenda Mae Tarpley in the charity ward of Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia, daughter of Reuben Lindsey Tarpley and Annie Grayce (Yarbrough) Tarpley.[2] She weighed 4 pounds 11 ounces at birth. Lee attended grade schools wherever her father found work, primarily between Atlanta and Augusta. Her family was poor, often living hand-to-mouth. As a child, she shared a bed with her brother and sister in a series of three-room houses without running water. Life centered around her parents finding work, their family, and the Baptist church, where she began singing solos every Sunday.[3]", "From the time of her early 1940s hit 'Why Don't You Do Right?' Lee managed to create an individual approach to each and every song. She was born Norma Deloris Egstrom but changed her name to Peggy Lee whilst working as a teenage singer on a local radio station in Fargo, North Dakota.", "Singer Peggy Lee on stage at Madison Square Garden during a 'Birthday Salute' in honor of President Kennedy, New York, May 19, 1962", "Peggy Lee Peggy Lee (May 26, 1920 – January 21, 2002) was an American jazz and popular music singer, songwriter, composer and actress, in a career spanning six decades. From her beginning as a vocalist on local radio to singing with Benny Goodman’s big band, she forged a sophisticated persona, evolving into a multi-faceted artist and performer. She wrote music for films, acted, and created conceptual record albums—encompassing poetry, jazz, chamber pop, and art songs.", "Lee was born Norma Deloris Egstrom in Jamestown, North Dakota, the seventh of eight children of Marvin Olof Egstrom, a station agent for the Midland Continental Railroad, and his wife Selma Amelia (Anderson) Egstrom. She and her family were Lutherans. Her father was Swedish American and her mother was Norwegian American. Her mother died when Lee was just four years old. Afterward, her father married Min Schaumber, who treated her with great cruelty while her alcoholic father did little to stop it. As a result, she developed her musical talent and took several part-time jobs so that she could be away from home.", "She decided to become a singer at age 14, when she earned 50 cents a night at gigs for local PTAs. A few years later, she traveled to Fargo where she sang on a local radio station. The WDAY program director suggested a name change, and she became Peggy Lee.", "Peggy Lee (May 26, 1920 – January 21, 2002) was an American jazz and popular music singer, songwriter, composer and actress, in a career spanning six decades. From her beginning as a vocalist on local radio to singing with Benny Goodman's big band, she forged a sophisticated persona, evolving into a multi-faceted artist and performer. She wrote music for films, acted, and created conceptual record albums—encompassing poetry, jazz, chamber pop, and art songs. Wikipedia", "On January 21, 2002, Peggy Lee died of a heart attack. Prior to her death, she had been suffering from complications due to her diabetes and, though still performing throughout the 90’s, was often seen in a wheelchair and weakened by her illness. Lee was 81 when she died and was buried in Westwood, Los Angeles, California.", "The woman who was to become the wise-to-the-world Lee was born Norma Deloris Egstrom in North Dakota. She performed with Benny Goodman's orchestra before going on to record and write songs of her own. Hollywood beckoned, too: She earned an Oscar nomination for her portrayal of an alcoholic singer in 1955's Pete Kelly's Blues, opposite the future just-the-facts ma'am star of TV's Dragnet, Jack Webb.", "In March, 1943, Peggy Lee married Dave Barbour, the guitarist in Goodman’s band; shortly thereafter she left the band. After her daughter, Nicki, was born in 1944, Peggy Lee and her husband worked successfully on the West Coast. In 1944 she began to record for Capitol Records, for whom she has produced a long string of hits – many of them with lyrics and music by Miss Lee and Dave Barbour. Among them are “Golden Earrings,” which sold over 1,000,000 copies [sic; song not written by Lee and Barbour]; “You Was Right, Baby;” “It’s a Good Day;” “Mañana” (which sold over 2,000,000 records); “What More Can a Woman Do?;” and “I Don’t Know Enough About You.” Today Peggy Lee has a top rating as a songwriter with the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers.", "\"Georgia on My Mind\" is a song sung by the internationally famous U.S. singer, Ray Charles, a native of Georgia, who recorded it in his 1960 on the album The Genius Hits the Road. It became the official state song of the State of Georgia in 1979. Written in 1930 by Hoagy Carmichael (music) and Stuart Gorrell (lyrics). Gorrell wrote the lyrics for Hoagy's sister, Georgia Carmichael. However, the lyrics of the song are ambiguous enough to refer either to the state or to a woman named \"Georgia\". Carmichael's 1965 autobiography, Sometimes I Wonder, records the origin: a friend, saxophonist and bandleader Frankie Trumbauer, suggested: \"Why don't you write a song called 'Georgia'? Nobody lost much writing about the South.\" Thus, the son... Show Georgia on My Mind piano sheet", "PEGGY LEE: jazz vocalist who reached the pop charts with \"Fever\" and \"Is That All There Is\", died of a heart attack on January 21, 2002 at the age of eighty one", "* Peggy Lee, who recorded the song in 1966. Her rendition became a hit on the US Easy Listening chart in that year. ", "Nelle Harper Lee was born on April 28, 1926 in Monroeville, Alabama. Lee’s father was a lawyer and member of the Alabama State Legislature. Her mother was mentally unwell and mostly stayed inside the house. Lee was the youngest child of her parents with 3 siblings. Most part of her childhood was spent in a small town being a tomboy with close friend Truman Capote who too became a famous writer. Unlike girls of her age, Lee was as tough as boys and always stood up for Truman when he was being picked on by other boys for being sissy and dressing up in fancy clothes. Their exemplary childhood companionship was to grow stronger into a lifelong friendship.", "More than two decades have passed since Peggy Lee sang with Benny Goodman’s swing band and made her first hit recording. Yet so inexhaustible is her talent and so intense her application to her work that, almost a generation later, she stands at the peak of her career. A product of the big-band era, she derived from that apprenticeship her ability to sing anything from jazz to blues, to sing it with a beat, and with enough volume to be heard above the band. Few vocalists have had her staying power. Peggy Lee is also a successful composer, lyricist, arranger, actress, and businesswoman. To all her careers she brings a perfectionism that leaves the stamp of professionalism on everything she touches.", "moonshine), on January 10, 1948, at 13 years of age. In an effort to break free of the coal mining industry, Lynn moved to the logging community Custer, Washington, with her husband, at the age of 14. The Lynns had four children - Betty Sue, Jack Benny, Cissy and Ernest Ray - by the time Loretta was 18, and subsequently had twin girls, Peggy and Patsy (named after Patsy Cline).", "Peggy Lee was not in a class by herself. There were three others who shared her particular greatness. Armstrong, Crosby, Sinatra, Lee—these are the faces on the Mount Rushmore of American pop, the greatest generation of American music, singing at the height of an era when the American Songbook was the expression of the national heart and soul.", "Lee's popularity faded in the late 1960s as her voice matured, but she continued a successful recording career by returning to her roots as a country singer with a string of hits through the 1970s and 1980s. She is a member of the Rock and Roll, Country Music and Rockabilly Halls of Fame. She is also a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award recipient. Brenda currently lives in Nashville, Tennessee. Brenda Lee is the only female artist to chart songs in every genre.", "Brenda Lee was born Brenda Mae Tarpley in Atlanta, Georgia. Her vocal skills were evident early on, as she won her first talent contest at age five. She performed on a local radio show and at seven became a regular on a Saturday-afternoon TV show. Soon after, she began performing for money, which her family desperately needed after the untimely 1953 death of her father in a construction accident. In 1956, she auditioned for country singer Red Foley and wound up joining the cast of Ozark Jubilee, a Missouri-based country-music TV show. That May, she signed to Decca Records, inaugurating a prolific and hit-filled recording career. Her third single, “One Step at a Time,” was her first to chart, reaching #15 on the country chart and just missing the pop Top Forty by three places. Her major breakthrough, and the biggest hit of her career, was “I’m Sorry,” which inaugurated a string of ballads that did quite well for her in the early Sixties. “I’m Sorry” was one of the first songs cut in Nashville to feature strings, thereby helping to inaugurate the “Nashville Sound.”", "Brenda Lee, née Brenda Mae Tarpley (born December 11, 1944 in Atlanta, Georgia), is an American country-pop singer, who was popular during the 1950s and 1960s. In the 1960s she had more charted hits than any other woman, and only three male singers/groups (Elvis Presley, Ray Charles and The Beatles) outpaced her. She was one of the earliest pop stars to have a major contemporary international following.", "Has a rose named after her. The \"Peggy Lee\" rose is pink with a touch of peach.", "Billie was born Wilhelmina Louise Allen on January 13, 1925 in Richmond, Virginia to Mamie Wimbush Allen and William Roswell Allen. She was raised in Richmond and attended both Randolph Street School and Elba Elementary School before graduating in 1941.", "Loretta was the second of eight children born to her parents Melvin “Ted” Webb and Clara “Clary” Marie. Her parents named her after film star Loretta Young. Two of her sisters, Crystal Gayle and Peggy Sue also pursued country music career and her brother Jay Lee Webb did the same. Loretta grew up in a mining community near Paintsville. Her mother falls from Scots-Irish and Cherokee ancestry. Her father professionally was a coal miner, farmer and a storekeeper.", "Her father, Asa Coleman Lee, was a prominent lawyer and the model for Atticus Finch, who shared his stilted diction and lofty sense of civic duty. Her mother, Frances Finch Lee, also known as Miss Fanny, was overweight and emotionally fragile. Truman Capote, a friend of Ms. Lee’s from childhood, later said that Nelle’s mother had tried to drown her in the bathtub on two occasions, an assertion that Ms. Lee indignantly denied.", "Born in Monroeville, Nelle Harper Lee was called Nelle (pronounced Nell). Like Atticus Finch, her father was a lawyer and lawmaker.", "Peggy Jones, better known as Lady Bo, was a musician and rhythm guitar player in Bo Diddley’s band in the 50s and 60s. She is recognized as one of the first, if not the first, female rock guitarists in a well-known rock band. She’s been referred to as the Queen Mother of Guitar.", "in 1944 - Brenda Lee (Little Miss Dynamite/Brenda Mae Tarpley) (US singer; pop and country) is born." ]

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[ "In the modern era it has proved one of the most demanding challenges in tennis. Since Rod Laver claimed the second of his two pure Grand Slams in 1969 only three men – Bjorn Borg, Rafael Nadal and Roger Federer – have completed the French Open-Wimbledon double in the same year.", "8.     Federer in 2009 became the fourth male player in the open era to win the French Open and Wimbledon in the same calendar year after Laver (1969), Borg (three times: 1978–80), and Nadal (twice: 2008 and 2010).", "After four hours and 48 minutes battling on the court (broken up by two rain delays), Rafael Nadal ended Roger Federer's five-year reign as Wimbledon champion with a 6-4, 6-4, 6-7 (5), 6-7 (8), 9-7 victory in a match called by many to be the greatest ever. It was nearly completely dark by the time Nadal finally snapped Federer's streak of 65 straight wins on grass and became the third man in the Open era to win both the French Open and Wimbledon in the same year. Nadal, who was broken just once in the match, also was the first Spaniard to win the Wimbledon crown since 1966.", "Novak Djokovic is the only male singles player to accomplish the Grand Slam by this definition during the Open Era — winning the four majors consecutively starting with Wimbledon 2015, through the French Open 2016. Prior to the Open Era, Don Budge was in that same position at the French Championships in 1938 when he completed the Grand Slam that began with Wimbledon 1937, then won the remaining majors in 1938 – Wimbledon and the U.S. Championships – making Budge, with six in a row, the only male to ever win more than four consecutive major tournaments. The Bryan brothers (Bob and Mike) were the last to achieve this in men's doubles. Several players and teams came up one title short. Todd Woodbridge and Mark Woodforde, known collectively as The Woodies, reached the final of the 1997 French Open holding all the other three titles, but lost to Yevgeny Kafelnikov and Daniel Vacek. In singles, Pete Sampras lost the 1994 French Open quarterfinal to fellow countryman Jim Courier, having won the previous three Majors. Roger Federer in 2006 and 2007 and Novak Djokovic in 2012 repeated this, both ultimately losing the French Open final to Rafael Nadal. Nadal himself was prevented from achieving this feat by his own countryman David Ferrer, who defeated him in the quarterfinal of the Australian Open 2011, with Nadal previously having won the French Open, Wimbledon and US Open in 2010.", "Federer is the only male player in history to win three Grand Slam tournaments in a calendar year three different times in his career ((2004 Australian Open, Wimbledon and US Open), (2006 Australian Open, Wimbledon and US Open) and (2007 Australian Open, Wimbledon and US Open)). During the Open Era, only Rod Laver (1969 Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon and US Open), Connors (1974 Australian Open, Wimbledon and US Open), Mats Wilander (1988 Australian Open, French Open and US Open), Nadal (2010 French Open, Wimbledon and US Open) and Novak Djokovic (2011 Australian Open, Wimbledon and US Open) have won three or more Grand Slams in a calendar year.", "Agassi is also the last American male to win the French Open, with the victory coming in 1999. And in 2000, Pete Sampras was the last to win Wimbledon.", "Laver was the most recent male grand-slammer even by this more relaxed definition until 2013, when the Bryan brothers won Wimbledon while holding the other majors. But Laver still is the most recent singles male grand-slammer. Todd Woodbridge and Mark Woodforde reached the final of the 1997 French Open holding all the other three titles, but lost to Yevgeny Kafelnikov and Daniel Vacek; in singles, Roger Federer in 2006 and 2007 and Novak Djokovic in 2011 repeated this, both ultimately losing the French Open final to Rafael Nadal. Djokovic also had the same feat in 2015, but lost to Stan Wawrinka in the French Open final as well. Nadal himself was prevented from achieving this feat by his own countryman David Ferrer, who defeated him in the quarterfinal of the Australian Open 2011, with Nadal previously having won the French Open, Wimbledon and US Open in 2010.", "Nadal, on the other hand, had just won the French Open for the fourth time in a row and was trying to achieve the rare French Open-Wimbledon double. This feat was known to be extremely difficult because it required the player to make the switch from a slow clay surface to a fast grass surface and be the best on both surfaces within the space of a month. In the Open Era of tennis, only two men had previously achieved this feat: Rod Laver and Björn Borg. Since this showdown match, Roger Federer has completed the Roland-Garros/Wimbledon double in 2009 and Rafael Nadal achieved the feat for a second time in 2010.", "Andre Agassi holds up his championship trophy after defeating Goran Ivanisevic to win the men's singles final at Wimbledon, Sunday July 5, 1992. Agassi won the French Open in Paris Sunday, June 6, 1999, defeating Andrei Medvedev 1-6, 2-6, 6-4, 6-3, 6-4. Agassi became only the fifth man, and first American in 61 years, to win all four majors _ Wimbledon in 1992, the U.S. Open in 1994, the Australian in 1995, and now the French. As proof of his versatility, he is the first to do it on three different surfaces. (AP Photo/ Richard Drew)", "Federer and Nadal are the only No. 1 and 2 pair in the open era to contest the French Open and Wimbledon men’s finals back to back in a calendar year. They are also the only pair in the history of tennis to contest both of these finals back to back for three consecutive years (2006–08).", "Roger Federer was the defending champion, but Berdych knocked him out in the quarterfinals en route to his final appearance. This was the first time since 2002 that Federer did not make the Wimbledon men's singles final, and the second successive Grand Slam tournament that Federer was defeated at the quarterfinal stage, having previously been on a record run of 23 successive Grand Slam semifinals (of which he won all but three). This was also the first time since 2003, when Mark Philippoussis lost to Roger Federer, that a player other than Nadal, Federer, or Andy Roddick played in the Wimbledon final.", "Entering the tournament, four-time champion Rafael Nadal was unbeaten in French Open singles matches, having won every match and tournament since his debut in 2005. His victory against Russian Teymuraz Gabashvili in the second round on May 27 was his 30th consecutive win, breaking the record for the longest French Open winning streak by a man or woman, held by Chris Evert, who won 29 consecutive matches. Nadal extended the record to 31 consecutive matches by beating Lleyton Hewitt on May 29.", "9.     Federer and Nadal are the only pair to win at least four consecutive finals at three different Grand Slams during the same period (2005–08 French Open for Nadal, 2003–07 Wimbledon and 2004–08 US Open for Federer).", "8.     Federer and Nadal are the only No. 1 and 2 pair to win at least 11 consecutive Grand Slam singles tournaments between them (2005 French Open – 2007 US Open). In this period, Federer won 3 consecutive titles at both Wimbledon and the US Open and 2 consecutive titles at the Australian Open, while Nadal won 3 consecutive French Open titles.", "Rafael Nadal of Spain defeated Novak Djokovic of Serbia in the final of the US Open 2013 to win his 13th Grand Slam. Nadal captured four straight French Open Singles tides from 2005 to 2008. Nadal's 2012 French Open tied him with Chris Evert with seven French Open titles. His title triumph at the French Open 2013 made him the winner of the highest number of titles (8) in a single Grand Slam event. He is also the first, and only player to date, to win three consecutive Grand Slam Tournaments on three different surfaces (clay, grass and hard court) in the year 2010. At the Beijing Olympics 2008, Nadal defeated Roger Federer to win the Gold. He pulled out of London Olympics 2012 due to a knee injury.", "2. PETE SAMPRAS: In a tremendous display of longevity, Pistol Pete won the first of his 14 slams at only 19 and last at 32, both in New York. Sampras rode his clutch serve and killer forehand to an unmatched seven Wimbledon crowns plus five US Open titles and two Australian Open triumphs, owned the top ranking for a record 286 weeks in total – one more week than Federer – and finished top dog for an unrivalled six consecutive years from 1993 to `98. He lost only four grand slam finals out of 18 and eclipses Federer for several big records. Alas, the American cannot be considered the greatest because of his dismal claycourt record. Sampras never made one final at Roland Garros, only ever reached the last four once in 12 attempts and averaged less than two wins a visit to the French capital. Sadly for Sampras, about 80 of his trophies and other priceless memorabilia were stolen this year – but he stopped the search for the Musketeers’ Cup long before that.", "Entering the French Open, many were expecting another Nadal-Federer final. However, this became impossible when rival Robin Söderling defeated Federer in the quarterfinals. The failure of Federer to reach the semifinals allowed Nadal to regain the world No. 1 ranking if he were to win the tournament. Nadal advanced to the final and defeated Soderling. The win gave Nadal his seventh Grand Slam tournament title, tying him with John McEnroe, John Newcombe, and Mats Wilander on the all-time list, and allowed Nadal to reclaim the position of world No. 1, denying his biggest rival Roger Federer the all-time record for weeks at No. 1. By this win, Nadal became the first man to win the three Masters series on clay and the French Open. The victory at Roland Garros marked the second time (2008) that Nadal had won the French Open without dropping a single set (tying the record held by Björn Borg). With the win in Paris he also booked his place at the World Tour Finals in London and became the first player to win five French Open titles in six years.", "In 1964, Emerson missed becoming the third man to achieve the Grand Slam. He won Wimbledon, the Australian and the U.S. championships but failed to defend his French title from the previous year. Emerson is the only man who won the career Grand Slam in both singles and doubles and the only man who won five consecutive Australian singles titles. He shares the record of six Australian Open men's singles titles with Novak Djokovic.", "* Lost to the eventual winners in both the 2005 Australian and French Open semi-finals but retained his Wimbledon and U.S. Open crowns. The U.S. Open triumph marked his 23rd successive win in a final while his run of 35 consecutive hard court wins surpassed the professional era mark twice achieved by Pete Sampras.", "Pete Sampras (1971–present). “Pistol Pete” burst onto the scene in 1990, when he became the youngest man ever to win the U.S. Open. He would take five U.S. Opens and two Australian Opens, but his greatest accomplishments came on the Wimbledon grass. Starting in 1993 he won the tournament seven times in eight years, losing only to Richard Krajicek in the quarterfinals in 1996. The last Wimbledon win (2000) gave Sampras the all-time men’s major record, passing Roy Emerson’s 12. Married to actress Bridgette Wilson, Sampras silenced his critics (who thought he was washed up) by defeating Andre Agassi for the 2002 U.S. Open title—then he retired.", "From 2003 Wimbledon to 2015 Wimbledon, 2008 Australian Open and 2015 French Open are the only two grand slams in which both Federer and Nadal lost in the same round: semifinal in Melbourne and quarterfinal in Paris.", "The introduction last year of a three-week gap between Roland Garros and The Championships might have made the task a little less daunting, but apart from Nadal and Federer there are no current men who have won singles titles on both Court Philippe Chatrier and Centre Court, even in different years.  With Federer missing his first Grand Slam tournament since 1999 because of a back injury, Nadal will be the only man in Paris who has won the two titles.", "Nadal then played Federer in the final of Wimbledon for the third consecutive year, in the most anticipated match of their rivalry . [60] [61] Nadal entered the final on a 23-match winning streak, including his first career grass-court title at the Artois Championships staged at the Queen's Club in London prior to Wimbledon. Federer had won his record fifth grass-court title at the Gerry Weber Open in Halle , and then reached the Wimbledon final without losing a set. Unlike their previous two Wimbledon finals, though, Federer was not the prohibitive favorite, and many analysts picked Nadal to win. [61] [62] They played the longest (in terms of time on court, not in terms of numbers of games) final in Wimbledon history, and because of rain delays, Nadal won the fifth set 9–7 in near-darkness. The match was widely lauded as the greatest Wimbledon final ever, with some tennis critics even calling it the greatest match in tennis history. [63] [64] [65] [66] [67]", "Djokovic, who won his 16th straight match in Paris against Federer, is the defending champion in London, where he beat Federer in the final last year. Djokovic also won the title in 2008, while Federer has won it a record six times.", "Wawrinka, who now owns two majors, is resigned to being the Swiss not named Roger Federer, the 17-slam champion whose kind draw and peerless pedigree persuaded good judges that he had decent prospects of reaching the final, and maybe even winning it – until his compatriot stopped him brutally in three sets in the quarter-final. Missing also from the final weekend was Rafael Nadal, who has won here a record nine times.", "On grass, Djokovic once again played Nadal, this time in the Artois Championships final in Queen's Club, where he lost in two sets. Djokovic entered Wimbledon seeded third but lost in the second round to Safin, ending a streak of five consecutive majors where he had reached at least the semifinals. ", "Djokovic last exited as early as the third round at any major tournament all the way back in 2009, when he departed the French Open at that stage. He made at least the semifinals at Wimbledon every year since 2010.", "He did it at Wimbledon and the U.S. Open from 2004-07 and at the French Open and Wimbledon in 2009.", "There were three years when he won both the French and Wimbledon, and in those days there was only one week of preparation for the grass between the two events.", "He now adds the Wimbledon crown to the four French Open titles he has won, while Federer will look to defend his one remaining Grand Slam title at the US Open next month.", "titles on all three surfaces—hardcourt, grass and clay. It also marked the first time a male player had held the Aussie, French and Wimbledon championships", "* Only player in the Open Era to win the Australian Open singles and doubles titles three consecutive years." ]

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[ "The Blues Brothers is a 1980 American musical crime comedy film directed by John Landis. It stars John Belushi and Dan Aykroyd as \"Joliet\" Jake and Elwood Blues, characters developed from \"The Blues Brothers\" musical sketch on the NBC variety series Saturday Night Live. The film's screenplay was written by Aykroyd and Landis. It features musical numbers by rhythm and blues (R&B), soul, and blues singers James Brown, Cab Calloway, Aretha Franklin, Ray Charles, and John Lee Hooker. The film is set in and around Chicago, Illinois, where it was filmed. It features non-musical supporting performances by John Candy, Carrie Fisher, Charles Napier, and Henry Gibson.", "In 1980, The Blues Brothers, directed by John Landis, was released. Featuring car chases involving the Bluesmobile and musical performances by Aretha Franklin, James Brown, Cab Calloway, Ray Charles and John Lee Hooker, the story is set in and around Chicago. It is a tale of redemption for the paroled convict \"Joliet\" Jake Blues and his brother Elwood as they decide to take on a \"mission from God\" and reform their blues band in order to raise funds to save the Catholic orphanage where they grew up. Along the way, the brothers are targeted by a \"mystery woman\" (Carrie Fisher) and chased by the Illinois State Police, a country and western band called the Good Ol' Boys, the owner of Bob's Country Bunker, and \"Illinois Nazis\". The film grossed $57 million domestically in its theatrical release, making it the 10th highest-grossing movie of 1980, and grossed an additional $58 million in foreign release. It is the second-highest grossing film based on a Saturday Night Live sketch, after 1992's Wayne's World, and the twelfth-highest grossing musical film.", "The 1980 film The Blues Brothers, directed by John Landis and starring Dan Aykroyd and John Belushi is a comedy classic with some of the finest car chase scenes in the history of movies", "The Blues Brothers (1980) was directed by John Landis and stars John Belushi, Dan Aykroyd, Carrie Fisher, John Candy, Frank Oz, James Brown, Cab Calloway, Aretha Franklin, Ray Charles and John Lee Hooker. Certificate 15; Running time 133 minutes.", "Perhaps the most visible example of the blues style of music in the late 20th century came in 1980, when Dan Aykroyd and John Belushi released the film The Blues Brothers. The film drew many of the biggest living influencers of the Rhythm and blues genre together, such as Ray Charles, James Brown, Cab Calloway, Aretha Franklin, and John Lee Hooker. The band formed also began a successful tour under the Blues Brothers marquee. 1998 brought a sequel, Blues Brothers 2000 that, while not holding as great a critical and financial success, featured a much larger number of blues artists, such as B.B. King, Bo Diddley, Erykah Badu, Eric Clapton, Steve Winwood, Charlie Musselwhite, Blues Traveler, Jimmie Vaughan, and Jeff Baxter.", "The 1998 sequel, Blues Brothers 2000, had similar traits to the original, including large car chase scenes and musical numbers. John Landis returned to direct the film and Dan Aykroyd reprised his role, joining John Goodman, Joe Morton, and 10-year-old J. Evan Bonifant as the new Blues Brothers. Aretha Franklin and James Brown were among the celebrities returning from the first film. There were also musical performances by Sam Moore, Wilson Pickett, Paul Shaffer, B. B. King, and Eric Clapton, among others. Dozens of artists were packed into an all-star band called The Louisiana Gator Boys. The film was considered a box office failure, only generating a little over $14 million in box office sales[27] on an approximate $28 million budget.[28]", "The Blues Brothers is one of the most famous movies inspired by Saturday Night Live , but Blues Brothers 2000 was basically just the same thing all over again — so much that the only major difference is that John Goodman replaced John Belushi — and it gained little fanfare from critics and audiences. As a result it led to the downfall of John Landis , who directed the original eighteen years earlier.", "In 1979, having just appeared in Steven Spielberg's financially unsuccessful 1941, Belushi and Aykroyd quit SNL to pursue their own movie projects. The following year, they starred alongside musical heroes Ray Charles, James Brown and Aretha Franklin in John Landis' now legendary The Blues Brothers. In 1981, John appeared in the movie Continental Divide, playing a hard-nosed Chicago newspaperman who finds romance in Colorado with eagle expert Blair Brown. That same year, he and Aykroyd starred together again—and for the last time—in the film Neighbors.", "The characters, Jake and Elwood Blues, were created by Belushi and Aykroyd in performances on Saturday Night Live. The name \"The Blues Brothers\" was the idea of Howard Shore. The fictional back story and character sketches of blood brothers Jake and Elwood were developed by Aykroyd in collaboration with Ron Gwynne, who is credited as a story consultant for the film. As related in the liner notes of the band's debut album, Briefcase Full of Blues, the brothers grew up in an orphanage, learned the blues from a janitor named Curtis, and sealed their brotherhood by cutting their middle fingers with a steel string said to have come from the guitar of Elmore James. ", "The Blues Brothers opened on June 20, 1980 with a release in 594 theaters. It took in $4,858,152, ranking second for that week (after The Empire Strikes Back) and 10th for the entire year. Over the years, it has retained a following through television and home video. The film in total grossed $57,229,890 domestically and $58,000,000 in foreign box offices for a total of $115,229,890.[16] By genre, it is the ninth-highest grossing musical and the tenth-highest earner among comedy road movies. It ranks second, between Wayne's World and Wayne's World 2 (which, coincidentally, also take place in the greater Chicago metropolitan area, in nearby Aurora, Illinois), among films adapted from Saturday Night Live sketches.[16] Director Landis claimed that The Blues Brothers was also the first American film to gross more money overseas than it did in the United States.[7]", "Jake and Elwood Blues (John Belushi and Dan Aykroyd, respectively) may have started out as a fictional duo in a Saturday Night Live musical sketch, but before long the fiction became reality. What began as a one-off skit turned into something much more real, after cast members jammed together at Aykroyd’s Holland Tunnel Blues Bar in NYC. Before long, Aykroyd had taught Belushi all about the blues, and they began singing with local blues groups. The duo took on the name The Blues Brothers, and released a hit album in 1978, which was followed up by the now-classic film The Blues Brothers in 1980. Perhaps one of the rare cases of SNL skit-turned successful, funny motion picture, The Blues Brothers seem to have withstood the test of time to be one of the most-loved “fictional” musical groups of all-time. Below, watch their performance backing up Ray Charles as he plays the song Twist It (Shake Your Tail Feather).", "Shaffer occasionally teamed up with the Not Ready for Prime-Time Players off the show as well, including work on Gilda Radner's highly successful Broadway show and as the musical director for John Belushi and Dan Aykroyd whenever they recorded or performed as The Blues Brothers. Shaffer was to appear in the duo's 1980 film, but, as he revealed in October 2009 on CBS Sunday Morning, Belushi dropped him from the project. In a memo to fellow SNL colleagues, Belushi said that he was unhappy that Shaffer was spending so much time on a studio record for Radner. Belushi said that he had tried to talk Shaffer out of working on the album in the first place in order to avoid sharing Shaffer's talents with another SNL-related project. Shaffer later reported that he was in (unrequited) love with Gilda Radner. He would go on to appear in 1998's Blues Brothers 2000.", "The Blues Brothers has become a staple of late-night cinema, even slowly morphing into an audience-participation show in its regular screenings at the Valhalla Cinema, in Melbourne, Australia. John Landis acknowledged the support of the cinema and the fans by a phone call he made to the cinema at the 10th-anniversary screening, and later invited regular attendees to make cameo appearances in Blues Brothers 2000. The fans act as the members of the crowd during the performance of \"Ghost Riders in the Sky\". ", "Directed by John Landis. Cast: John Belushi, Dan Aykroyd, James Brown, Cab Calloway, Ray Charles, John Candy, Carrie Fisher, Aretha Franklin, Henry Gibson, Steve Lawrence, Jake and Elwood Blues, two hoodlum brothers searching for redemption, set out to locate and reenlist the members of their defunct rhythm and blues band in order to raise some honest money to save an orphanage. They may be on a \"mission from God,\" but they're making enemies everywhere they go. 148 min. DVD 1563", "In August 2005, there was a 25th anniversary celebration for The Blues Brothers at Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Los Angeles.[25] Attendees included Landis, former Universal Studios executive Thom Mount, movie editor George Folsey Jr., and cast members James Brown, Henry Gibson, Charles Napier, Steve Cropper, and Stephen Bishop. It featured a press conference, a panel discussion where Dan Aykroyd joined via satellite, and a screening of the original theatrical version of the film. The panel discussion was broadcast directly to many other cinemas around the country.", "In August 2005, a 25th-anniversary celebration for The Blues Brothers was held at Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Los Angeles. Attendees included Landis, former Universal Studios executive Thom Mount, film editor George Folsey, Jr., and cast members James Brown, Henry Gibson, Charles Napier, Steve Cropper, and Stephen Bishop. It featured a press conference, a panel discussion where Dan Aykroyd joined by satellite, and a screening of the original theatrical version of the film. The panel discussion was broadcast direct to many other cinemas around the country.", "One of Aykroyd’s friends, Howard Shore, chimes in. (Shore is an aspiring movie composer, who would go on to win three Oscars and four Grammys.) “You should call yourselves the Blues Brothers,” Shore says.", "The Blues Brothers is a 1980 comedy film featuring The Blues Brothers Band . Jake and Elwood Blues, two blues singers and petty criminals, must stage a concert to save the orphanage in which they grew up.", "Following tapings of SNL, it was popular among cast members and the weekly hosts to attend Aykroyd's Holland Tunnel Blues bar, which he had rented not long after joining the cast. Aykroyd and Belushi filled a jukebox with songs from many different artists such as Sam and Dave and punk band The Viletones. Belushi bought an amplifier and they kept some musical instruments there for anyone who wanted to jam. It was here that Aykroyd and Ron Gwynne collaborated on and developed the original story idea which Dan then turned into the initial story draft of the Blues Brothers movie, better known as the \"tome\" because it contained so many pages.", "The Blues Brothers, formally, variously The Blues Brothers' Show Band and Revue and The Blues Brothers' Rhythm and Blues Revue, are an American blues and rhythm and blues revivalist band founded in 1976 by comedy actors Dan Aykroyd and John Belushi as part of a musical sketch on Saturday Night Live. Belushi and Aykroyd, in character as lead vocalist \"Joliet\" Jake Blues (named after Joliet Prison) and harmonica player/backing vocalist Elwood Blues (named after the Elwood Ordnance Plant, which made TNT and grenades during World War II), fronted the band, which was composed of well-known and respected musicians. The Blues Brothers first appeared on Saturday Night Live on January 17, 1976. The band made its second appearance as the musical guest on the April 22, 1978 episode of Saturday Night Live. They made their third and final appearance on November 18, 1978. ", "The Blues Brothers has been criticized for its simplistic plot and being overly reliant on car chases. Among the reviewers at the time of the film's release who held that opinion was Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times. But, he also praised it for its energetic musical numbers and said the car chases were \"incredible\".[21]", "Belushi is on his best behavior while in the presence of the movie’s other musical stars: Ray Charles and Aretha Franklin, James Brown and Cab Calloway. They, too, are in fine form. Even Charles, the crankiest of the bunch, laughs and laughs, usually while retelling the same dirty joke. The Blues Brothers presents a real opportunity for all of them, since all but Charles are in commercial ruts.", "* June 20 – The Blues Brothers is released and in addition to becoming one of the top grossing films of the year it also became the first feature film to be based on characters created on Saturday Night Live.", "* In a scene set at the Chez Paul restaurant in the 1980 film The Blues Brothers, the Maître d' (Alan Rubin) is seen talking on the phone: \"No, sir, Mayor Daley no longer dines here, sir. He's dead, sir.\" Later in the film, when the brothers are driving rapidly through Chicago, Elwood (Dan Aykroyd) comments \"If my estimations are correct, we should be very close to the Honorable Richard J. Daley Plaza.\" \"That's where they got that Picasso!\" Jake enthuses. The classic \"use of unnecessary violence in the apprehension of the Blues Brothers has been approved\" line delivered by a police dispatcher is an obvious homage to Daley's 1968 order during the riots following Martin Luther King's assassination.", " 1980 The Blues Brothers (performer: \"MINNIE THE MOOCHER\", \"JAILHOUSE ROCK\" (uncredited)) / (writer: \"MINNIE THE MOOCHER\")", "The Blues Brothers: Music from the Soundtrack was released in June 1980 as the second album by the Blues Brothers Band, which also toured that year to promote the film. \"Gimme Some Lovin'\" was a Top 40 hit. The album was a followup to their debut, the live album, Briefcase Full of Blues. Later that year they released a second live album, Made in America, which featured the Top 40 track, \"Who's Making Love\".", "* The Blues Brothers: Music from the Soundtrack (Atlantic, 1980) US #13 (with the Blues Brothers)", "The 'live' music in the film, with performances from Calloway (reprising a big band version of Minnie the Moocher), Ray Charles , James Brown, Aretha Franklin and John Lee Hooker, is terrific. In addition, the Brothers have a top-class band that features musicians Steve Cropper, Donald 'Duck' Dunn, Murphy Dunne, Willie Hall, Tom Malone, Lou Marini, Matt Murphy, Alan Rubin and Paul Reubens. And the soundtrack, with songs by Elmore James, Louis Jordan, Kitty Wells and Sam & Dave, is pulsating.", "A video game involving the characters was made for various platforms by Titus. The same company produced another video game for the Amiga, Game Boy, PC and Super NES. A Nintendo 64 game titled Blues Brothers 2000 was also released. The game was extremely difficult, had little to do with the film and was poorly received.", "Biloxi Blues was adapted as a film with the same name by Ray Stark. Neil Simon wrote the screenplay and Mike Nichols directed. The film is available from MCA Home Video.", "Other than the titular \"Blues Brothers\" and a handful of characters, all musicians performed under their real names. The full band for the 1980 film included:", "St. Louis Blues is a 1958 American film broadly based on the life of W. C. Handy. It starred jazz and blues greats Nat \"King\" Cole, Pearl Bailey, Cab Calloway, Ella Fitzgerald, Eartha Kitt, and Barney Bigard, as well as gospel singer Mahalia Jackson and actress Ruby Dee. The film's soundtrack used over ten of Handy's songs including the title song." ]

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[ "Mickey Mouse became known as the cartoon in Denmark in 1931. The series was then as full page in \"Sunday B.T.\" from No. 5 that year. From� April 18, 1934 it could be seen as everyday stripe in the morning newspaper \"B.T.\" under the name \" Mikkel Mus\". It is not known when the first Mickey Mouse cartoon was shown in Denmark. See later below on data and fatum of this world famous cartoon character.", "In 1958 Mickey Mouse was introduced to the Arab world through another comic book called “Sameer”. Mickey Mouse became so popular in Egypt that he got a comic book with his name; the comic is actually an Arabic counterpart of Donald Duck comics but with Mickey’s name instead. Mickey’s comics in Egypt are licensed by Disney and were published since 1959 by “Dar Al-Hilal” and they were a big hit, but unfortunately Dar Al-Hilal stopped the publication in 2003 because of problems with Disney, luckily the comics were re-released by “Nahdat Masr” in 2004 and the first issues were sold out in less than 8 hours. [31]", "In 1958, Mickey Mouse was introduced to the Arab world through another comic book called “Sameer”. Mickey Mouse became so popular in Egypt that he got a comic book with his name. Mickey’s comics in Egypt are licensed by Disney and were published since 1959 by “Dar Al-Hilal” and they were a big hit, but unfortunately Dar Al-Hilal stopped the publication in 2003 because of problems with Disney, luckily the comics were re-released by \"Nahdat Masr\" in 2004 and the first issues were sold out in less than 8 hours. [49]", "In Europe, Mickey Mouse became the main attraction of a number of comics magazines, the most famous being Topolino in Italy from 1932 on, Le Journal de Mickey in France from 1934 on, Don Miki in Spain and the Greek Miky Maous.", "In Europe, Mickey Mouse became the main attraction of a number of comics magazines, the most famous being Topolino in Italy from 1932 on, Le Journal de Mickey in France from 1934 on, Don Miki in Spain and the Greek Miky Maous .", "Mickey Mouse is one of the world's most beloved cartoon characters. Making his debut in 1928, he has appeared in over 130 theatrical cartoons, 8 movies, hundreds of comics, 10 TV shows, and many video games.", "Mickey made his debut in a black and white short called \" Steamboat Willie \" which debuted in New York on November 18, 1928. It wasn't the first Mickey Mouse cartoon made. That honor goes to \" Plane Crazy \" but \"Steamboat Willie\" was the first Mickey Mouse cartoon shown in public. It was a significant debut as \"Steamboat Willie\" was the first cartoon with synchronized sound. Mickey caught on like wildfire and never looked back. In 1930 he started appearing in newspaper comic strips and he went on to star in 120 shorts, starting with \"Steamboat Willie\" in 1928 and ending with \"Runaway Brain\" in 1995. The first Mickey Mouse short to win an Oscar was 1931's \"Mickey's Orphans\".", "Mickey Mouse is a cartoon character who has become an icon for the Walt Disney Company . Mickey Mouse was created in 1928 by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks [1] . He was voiced by Walt Disney from 1928–1946 theatrically, and again from 1955–1959 for the original ABC TV The Mickey Mouse Club , Daily's Pets television series. The Walt Disney Company celebrates his birth as November 18, 1928, upon the release of Steamboat Willie , [2] although Mickey had already appeared six months earlier in an unfinished test screening of Plane Crazy [3] (Steamboat Willie being the first Mickey Mouse Cartoon to be released). The anthropomorphic mouse has evolved from being simply a character in animated cartoons and comic strips to become one of the most recognizable symbols in the world. Mickey is currently the main character in the Disney Channel 's Disney Junior series \" Mickey Mouse Clubhouse \". Mickey is the leader of The Mickey Mouse Clubhouse , with help from Minnie Mouse, Donald Duck, and other friendly friends of his.", "By this point Mickey had appeared in fifteen commercially successful animated shorts and was easily recognized by the public. So Walt Disney was approached by King Features Syndicate with the offer to license Mickey and his supporting characters for use in a comic strip. Walt accepted and Mickey made his first comic strip appearance on January 13, 1930. The comical plot was credited to Walt Disney himself, art to Ub Iwerks and inking to Win Smith . The first week or so of the strip featured a loose adaptation of Plane Crazy. Minnie soon became the first addition to the cast. The strips first released between January 13, 1930 and March 31 1930 have been occasionally reprinted in comic book form under the collective title \"Lost on a Desert Island\". Animation historian Jim Korkis notes \"After the eighteenth strip[s], Iwerks left and his inker, Win Smith, continued drawing the gag-a-day format...\" [13]", "Casty is another skillful writer and artist. Some of his stories featuring Mickey Mouse have been published in the USA in Walt Disney's Comics and Stories and in Mickey Mouse.", "Mickey Mouse is a comic animal cartoon character who has become an icon for The Walt Disney Company . Mickey Mouse was created in 1928 by Walt Disney and Chuck Jones [1] and voiced by Walt Disney. The Walt Disney Company celebrates his birth as November 18, 1928 upon the release of Steamboat Willie . [2] The anthropomorphic mouse has evolved from being simply a character in animated cartoons and comic strips to become one of the most recognizable symbols in the world. Mickey is currently the main character in the Disney Channel 's Playhouse Disney series \" Mickey Mouse Clubhouse .\" Mickey is the leader of the Mickey Mouse Club .", "Mickey Mouse is an Academy Award-winning comic animal cartoon character who has become an icon for The Walt Disney Company. He was created in 1928 by Ub Iwerks and voiced by Walt Disney. The Walt Disney Company celebrates his birth as November 18, 1928 upon the release of Steamboat Willie", "Walt accepted and Mickey made his first comic strip appearance on January 13, 1930. The comical plot was credited to Walt Disney himself, art to Ub Iwerks and inking to Win Smith . The first week or so of the strip featured a loose adaptation of \"Plane Crazy\". Minnie soon became the first addition to the cast. The strips first released between January 13, 1930 and March 31, 1930 have been occasionally reprinted in comic book form under the collective title \"Lost on a Desert Island\". Animation historian Jim Korkis notes \"After the eighteenth strip[s], Iwerks left and his inker, Win Smith, continued drawing the gag-a-day format...\" [12]", "Mickey Mouse is an animated anthropomorphic mouse created by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks in the year 1928 . Arguably by far its most famous character, Mickey serves as the mascot for The Walt Disney Company and the leader of The Sensational Six .", "Mickey Mouse was actually created as a replacement for Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, an earlier cartoon created by Disney for Charles Mintz - an American film producer. In the spring of 1928, Walt Disney got inspiration for Mickey Mouse from a tame mouse at his desk at Laugh-O-Gram Studio in Kansas City.", "By this point Mickey had appeared in fifteen commercially successful animated shorts and was easily recognized by the public. So Walt Disney was approached by King Features Syndicate with the offer to licence Mickey and his supporting characters for use in a comic strip. Walt accepted and Mickey made his first comic strip appearance on January 13, 1930. The comical plot was credited to Walt Disney himself, art to Ub Iwerks and inking to Win Smith. The first week or so of the strip featured a loose adaptation of Plane Crazy. Minnie soon became the first addition to the cast. The strips first released between January 13, 1930 and March 31, 1930 have been occasionally reprinted in comic book form under the collective title \"Lost on a Desert Island\".", "Mickey Mouse is a funny animal cartoon character and the official mascot of The Walt Disney Company. He was created by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks at the Walt Disney Studios in 1928. An anthropomorphic mouse who typically wears red shorts, large yellow shoes, and white gloves, Mickey has become one of the most recognizable cartoon characters in the world.", "Walt Disney's last script for the strip appeared May 17, 1930. [48]  Gottfredson's first task was to finish the storyline Disney had started on April 1, 1930. The storyline was completed on September 20, 1930, and later reprinted in comic book form as Mickey Mouse in Death Valley. This early adventure expanded the cast of the strip which to this point only included Mickey and Minnie. Among the characters who had their first comic strip appearances in this story were Clarabelle Cow, Horace Horsecollar and  Black Pete  as well as the debuts of corrupted  lawyer   Sylvester Shyster  and Minnie's uncle  Mortimer Mouse . The Death Valley narrative was followed by Mr. Slicker and the Egg Robbers, first printed between September 22 and December 26, 1930, which introduced  Marcus Mouse  and his wife as Minnie's parents.", "Mickey Mouse is a funny animal cartoon character and the official mascot of The Walt Disney Company . He was created by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks at the Walt Disney Studios in 1928. An anthropomorphic mouse who typically wears red shorts, large yellow shoes, and white gloves, Mickey has become one of the world's most recognizable characters.", "Mickey Mouse is a funny animal cartoon character and the official mascot of The Walt Disney Company. He was created by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks at the Walt Disney Studios in 1928.", "The first 'Mickey Mouse' short animated film, Plane Crazy (1928), was debuted on May 15, 1928. The character of an animated mouse (future Mickey Mouse) was modified from Disney's earlier character Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, which was introduced in 1927.", "By this point Mickey had appeared in fifteen commercially successful animated shorts and was easily recognized by the public. So Walt Disney was approached by King Features Syndicate with the offer to license Mickey and his supporting characters for use in a comic strip. Walt accepted and Mickey made his first comic strip appearance on January 13, 1930. The comical plot was credited to Walt Disney himself, art to Ub Iwerks and inking to Win Smith . The first week or so of the strip featured a loose adaptation of \"Plane Crazy\". Minnie soon became the first addition to the cast. The strips first released between January 13, 1930 and March 31 1930 have been occasionally reprinted in comic book form under the collective title \"Lost on a Desert Island\". Animation historian Jim Korkis notes \"After the eighteenth strip[s], Iwerks left and his inker, Win Smith, continued drawing the gag-a-day format...\"", "Because of Steamboat Willie’s success, November 18, 1928 was officially declared as Mickey Mouse’s onscreen debut or birthday. He quickly rose to popularity as one of the most prominent cartoon characters of that era.", "Walt Disney opened his first theme park, Disneyland (\"the happiest place on Earth\") in a former orange grove in Anaheim, California, in July 1955, at a cost of $17 million. Another Disney first was the ABC-TV debut of The Mickey Mouse Club on October 3, 1955.", "Walt Disney began his first series of fully animated films in 1927, featuring the character Oswald the Lucky Rabbit . When his distributor appropriated the rights to the character, Disney altered Oswald’s appearance and created a new character that he named Mortimer Mouse; at the urging of his wife, Disney rechristened him Mickey Mouse . Two silent Mickey Mouse cartoons—Plane Crazy (1928) and Gallopin’ Gaucho (1928)—were produced before Disney employed the novelty of sound for the third Mickey Mouse production, Steamboat Willie (1928), though Mickey did not utter his first words (“Hot dogs!”) until The Karnival Kid (1929). Steamboat Willie was an immediate sensation and led to the studio’s dominance in the animated market for many years.", "So, unless someone comes forward with new illumination, this is the first true comic book appearance of Donald Duck in history, making Mickey Mouse Magazine V2 #1 a key issue in the hobby.", "Walt Disney got into comic books too. The earliest of these was Mickey Mouse Book. Done in 1930 - 31, published by Bibo & Lang. These were 9\"x12\", 20 pages long and stapled together. Despite the title of \"book\" this was in fact a magazine, inside it had a variety of songs, games and stories. There were later printings of this book but some lyrics were edited, advertising was inserted and christmas card was a part of the front cover.", "What escaped everyones notice though, was that Donald Duck made his very first appearance in MICKEY MOUSE MAGAZINE V2 #1, a November 1934 issue but printed and distributed at the end of October. You will find him on page #6 of this comic book, dancing a jig next to Mickey, complete with his iconic sailor suit and hat, plus wings for hands. It is a full half page illustration and it is definitely Donald Duck but was missed because no one spent the time to read through these early issues (which is understandable as they are quite scarce).", "Floyd Gottfredson drew all the Mickey Mouse cartoons from 1932 until October, 1975 - which is a period of 45 1/2 years. Floyd Gottfredson was a Mormon born in a railway station in 1905, and raised in a tiny Mormon town, Siggurd, 180 miles so. of Salt Lake City. In 1931, before Floyd totally took over the Mickey Mouse drawings, he would take suggestions from Walt on what to draw.", "What escaped everyone's notice, however, was that Donald Duck made his very first appearance in Mickey Mouse Magazine V2 #1, a November 1934 issue that was printed and distributed at the end of October. You will find him on page six of this comic book, dancing a jig next to Mickey, complete with his iconic sailor suit and hat, plus wings for hands. It is a full half-page illustration and it is definitely Donald Duck. But it was missed because no one took the time to read through these early issues (which is understandable, as they are quite scarce).", "Ub was an incredible genius who had a sense of line, a sense of humor, patience, organization and a great sense of what Walt wanted. Walt treated him cruelly at times, interrupting him, playing tricks on him, and not being totally honest with paying him, but he stayed with Walt over the years and made Walt the success Walt became. (The books Disney�s World and Disney Animation: The Illusion of Life have information on the unheralded genius Ub Iwerks.) Another unknown great artist was Floyd Gottfredson. Floyd Gottfredson drew all the Mickey Mouse cartoons from 1932 until October, 1975--which is a period of 45 1/2 years. Floyd Gottfredson was a Mormon born in a railway station in 1905, and raised in a tiny Mormon town, Siggurd, 180 miles so. of Salt Lake City. In 1931, before Floyd totally took over the Mickey Mouse drawings, he would take suggestions from Walt on what to draw. For instance, Walt puzzled him by insisting he do a cartoon series of Mickey Mouse committing suicide. Floyd had said, \"Walt, You�re kidding!\" But Walt thought that a series on suicide would be funny. Over the years the Walt Disney products never mentioned Floyd�s name. The bulk of the fans were led to believe Walt did the cartooning of Mickey Mouse himself. (See the book Walt Disney�s Mickey Mouse in Color. Ed. Bruce Hamilton, pub. The Walt Disney Co., 1988.)", "  Concept art of Mickey from early 1928; the sketches are the earliest known drawings of the character. From the collection of The Walt Disney Family Museum" ]

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[ "A volcanic eruption off the coast of Iceland formed a whole new island in 1963. The underwater eruption that formed the island Surtsey, began on 14 November 1963 and continued until 5 June 1967. The island was declared a nature reserve while the eruption was still happening and is off-limits to all people (except the odd researcher) in order to preserve the natural evolution of plant and animal life on the land. Crazy!", "Other islands created by submarine volcanoes develop into more permanent landforms. An island in the Bering Sea called Bogoslof Island appeared about 40 miles (65 kilometers) west of Unalaska Island in 1796, following such an underwater eruption. In 1963, a volcanic island, later named Surtsey, appeared off Iceland's southwest coast near the Vestmannaeyjar Islands.", "In November 1963, sailors saw a plume of smoke and ash rising from the sea off Iceland during an undersea volcanic eruption. A day later, as the eruption continued, lava broke the surface to form land. The new island was named Surtsey, after the Norse god of fire.", "The new-born island of Surtsey, off the coast of Iceland, on November 30, 1963. Howell Williams captured this photo 16 days after the eruption that created Surtsey began. Image via NOAA.", "Once in a great while, a new volcano will form. This usually happens when an active underwater volcano produces enough lava to break the surface, such as Surtsey in Iceland in 1963. Sometimes a brand new volcano will appear on land, like Paricutin in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt in 1943.", "Surtsey , Iceland . The volcano built itself up from depth and emerged above the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Iceland in 1963. Initial hydrovolcanics were highly explosive, but as the volcano grew out rising lava started to interact less with the water and more with the air, until finally Surtseyan activity waned and became more Strombolian in character. [5]", "Surtsey , one of the youngest islands in the world, is part of Iceland. Named after Surtr , it rose above the ocean in a series of volcanic eruptions between 8 November 1963 and 5 June 1968. [5] Only scientists researching the growth of new life are allowed to visit the island. [43]", "On November 14 1963, crew aboard a trawler sailing near Iceland spotted a column of smoke rising from the sea surface. A new island, Surtsey, was being born.", "Surtsey, one of the youngest islands in the world, is part of Iceland. Named after Surtr, it rose above the ocean in a series of volcanic eruptions between 8 November 1963 and 5 June 1968. Only scientists researching the growth of new life are allowed to visit the island. ", "Surtsey is a volcanic island, part of the Westman Islands and formed by an underwater volcanic eruption in 1963.  Surtsey was declared a na...", "This true-color image was captured on November 14, 2010 by the Moderate Resolution Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard the Aqua satellite as it passed over the region. Exactly forty-seven years before, on November 14, 1963, an Icelandic fisherman noticed a plume of smoke rising from the open water. Within a day, a new volcanic island had formed off the southern coast of Iceland. Two years later vegetation grew on the island and it began to attract migratory birds and seals. By 1967, the eruption was complete, leaving a 2.7 square kilometer (1.04 square mile) island. Since that time, wind, waves and rain have eroded the island, leaving only about one-half of the original land mass remaining. This island, named Surtsey, is located at the center of the lower edge of this image, hidden under a bank of clouds. It is the southernmost point of Iceland.", "A giant and unusual underwater volcano lies just offshore of Iceland on the Reykjanes Ridge, volcanologists have announced. The Reykjanes formation is a section of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, which bisects the Atlantic Ocean where the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates are pulling apart.", "During December 1965, more submarine activity occurred 0.9 km (0.56 mi) southwest of Surtsey, and another island was formed. It was named Jólnir , and over the following eight months it appeared and disappeared several times, as wave erosion and volcanic activity alternated in dominance. Activity at Jólnir was much weaker than the activity at the main vent, and even weaker than that seen at Syrtlingur, but the island eventually grew to a maximum size of 70 m (230 ft) in height, covering an area of 0.3 km2 (0.12 sq mi), during July and early August 1966. Like Syrtlingur, though, after activity ceased on 8 August 1966, it was rapidly eroded, and dropped below sea level during October 1966. [11]", "Iceland formed by the coincidence of the spreading boundary of the North American and Eurasian plates and a hotspot or mantle plume – an upsurge of abnormally hot rock in the Earth´s mantle. As the plates moved apart, excessive eruptions of lava constructed volcanoes and filled rift valleys. Subsequent movement rifted these later lava fields, causing long, linear valleys bounded by parallel faults. The divergence of the ridge started in the north about 150 million years ago and 90 million years ago in the south. These movements continue today, accompanied by earthquakes, reactivation of old volcanoes, and creation of new ones. Iceland is the largest island on the ridge because of the additional volcanism caused by the hotspot under the country, the Iceland plume, which is moving slowly across towards the northwest. Other islands of the Atlantic Ocean created by the volcanism of the Mid Atlantic Ridge are The Azores, Bermuda, Madeira, The Canary Islands, Ascension, St Helena and Tristan da Cunha.", "The Mid-Atlantic ridge extends from Antarctica to Jan Mayen. Azores, Iceland, Jan Mayen and Saint Peter and Paul Rocks off Brazil are all created by volcanic activity connected with the creation of this underwater mountain range.", "A geologically young land, Iceland is located on both the  Iceland hotspot  and the  Mid-Atlantic Ridge , which runs right through it. This combined location means that geologically the island is extremely active, having many  volcanoes , notably  Hekla ,  Eldgjá , and  Eldfell . The volcanic eruption of  Laki  in 1783–1784 caused a famine  that killed nearly a quarter of the island's population; [9]  the eruption caused dust clouds and haze to appear over most of Europe and parts of  Asia  and Africa  for several months after the eruption.", "The new island was named after the fire jötunn Surtur from Norse mythology . As the eruptions continued, they became concentrated at one vent along the fissure and began to build the island into a more circular shape. By 24 November, the island measured about 900 metres by 650 metres (2950 by 2130 ft). The violent explosions caused by the meeting of lava and sea water meant that the island consisted of a loose pile of volcanic rock ( scoria ), which was eroded rapidly by North Atlantic storms during the winter. However, eruptions more than kept pace with wave erosion, and by February 1964, the island had a maximum diameter of over 1300 metres (4265 ft). [2]", "During December 1965, more submarine activity occurred 0.9 km (0.56 mi) southwest of Surtsey, and another island was formed. It was named Jólnir, and over the following eight months it appeared and disappeared several times, as wave erosion and volcanic activity alternated in dominance. Activity at Jólnir was much weaker than the activity at the main vent, and even weaker than that seen at Syrtlingur, but the island eventually grew to a maximum size of 70 m (230 ft) in height, covering an area of , during July and early August 1966. Like Syrtlingur, though, after activity ceased on 8 August 1966, it was rapidly eroded, and dropped below sea level during October 1966. ", "A geologically young land, Iceland is located on both the Iceland hotspot and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, which runs right through it. This location means that the island is highly geologically active with many volcanoes, notably Hekla , Eldgjá , Herðubreið and Eldfell . [39] The volcanic eruption of Laki in 1783–1784 caused a famine that killed nearly a quarter of the island's population; [40] the eruption caused dust clouds and haze to appear over most of Europe and parts of Asia and Africa for several months afterward. [41]", "Iceland is one of the most active volcanic regions on Earth. It is estimated that 1/3 of the lava erupted since 1500 A.D. was produced in Iceland. Iceland has 35 volcanoes that have erupted in the last 10,000 years. Eleven volcanoes have erupted between 1900 and 1998: Krafla, Askja, Grímsvötn (Grimsvotn), Laki-Fögrufjöll (Laki-Fogrufjoll), Bárðarbunga (Bardarbunga), Kverkfjöll (Kverkfjoll), Esjufjöll (Esjufjoll), Hekla, Katla, Surtsey, and Heimaey. Most of the eruptions were from fissures or shield volcanoes and involve the effusion of basaltic lava.", "An eruption of Santorini some 3,600 years ago was one of the largest, yet most mysterious, natural calamities in human history and may have wiped out an entire civilization. Much of the evidence of its destruction has been lost at sea until now. National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence Robert Ballard and an international team of volcanologists, armed with a state-of-the-art Remote Operated Vehicle fitted with HD cameras, dive into the belly of the Santorini's submerged caldera.", "Another site of particular interest is the island of Heimaey in the West-mann Islands. It was here in 1973 that the volcano Eldfjall was created by an eruption in a pasture near the town. The island was evacuated during the eruption, but most of the population has since returned. Quite a contrast exists between the untouched part of town and the desolate part of the town that remains buried under the lava.", "By early 1964, though, the continuing eruptions had built the island to such a size that sea water could no longer easily reach the vents, and the volcanic activity became much less explosive. Instead, lava fountains and flows became the main form of activity. These resulted in a hard cap of extremely erosion-resistant rock being laid down on top of much of the loose volcanic pile, which prevented the island being washed away rapidly. Effusive eruptions continued until 1965, by which time the island had a surface area of 2.5 km2 (0.97 sq mi). [2]", "Batiza R, 1977. Petrology and chemistry of Guadalupe Island: an alkalic seamount on a fossil ridge crest. Geology, 5: 760-764.", "As the eruptions continued, they became concentrated at one vent along the fissure and began to build the island into a more circular shape. By 24 November, the island measured about 900 metres by 650 metres (2950 by 2130 ft). The violent explosions caused by the meeting of lava and sea water meant that the island consisted of a loose pile of volcanic rock (scoria), which was eroded rapidly by North Atlantic storms during the winter. However, eruptions more than kept pace with wave erosion, and by February 1964, the island had a maximum diameter of over 1300 metres (4265 ft).", "Before the 1970's, Loihi was not known to be an active volcano. Instead, it was thought to be a fairly common old seamount volcano of the type that surrounds the Hawaiian Islands. These latter volcanoes are similar in age (80-100 million years old) to the sea floor upon which the Big Island of Hawaii sits. This sea floor was itself created some 6000 km away on the undersea volcanic mountain chain known as the East Pacific Rise. It has slowly moved northwestward to the present location of the Hawaiian Hotspot.", "The archipelago is formed by high points on the rim of the caldera of a submarine volcano that forms a seamount. The volcano is one part of a range that was formed as part of the same process that formed the floor of the Atlantic, and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Indeed, it formed as part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The top of the seamount has gone through periods of complete submergence, during which its limestone cap was formed by marine organisms, and during the Ice Ages the entire caldera was above sea level, forming an island of approximately two-hundred square miles.", "Smith and others (1997) compared seamounts and submarine hummocks and hummocky ridges along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge to the Laki fissure and associated cones in Iceland. The cone in the foreground is about 600 feet (200 m) in diameter and 90 feet (30 m) high, comparable in size to volcanic features along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Photo by Thor Thordarson.", "By early 1964, though, the continuing eruptions had built the island to such a size that sea water could no longer easily reach the vents, and the volcanic activity became much less explosive. Instead, lava fountains and flows became the main form of activity. These resulted in a hard cap of extremely erosion-resistant rock being laid down on top of much of the loose volcanic pile, which prevented the island from being washed away rapidly. Effusive eruptions continued until 1965, by which time the island had a surface area of .", "The Vailulu'u Seamount, an active submerged volcano, lies 28 miles (45 km) east of Ta'u in American Samoa. It was discovered in 1975 and has since been studied by an international team of scientists, contributing towards understanding of the Earth's fundamental processes. Growing inside the summit crater of Va'ilulu'u is an active underwater volcanic cone, named after Samoa's goddess of war, Nafanua.", "has had 33 recorded eruptions since 1572. A devastating eruption occurred in 1911, which claimed more than a thousand lives. The deposits of that eruption consisted of a yellowish, fairly decomposed (non-juvenile) tephra with a high sulfur content. The most recent period of activity lasted from 1965 to 1977, and was characterized by the interaction of magma with the lake water, which produced violent phreatic explosions . Although the volcano has been dormant since 1977, it has shown signs of unrest since 1991, with strong seismic activity and ground fracturing events, as well as the formation of small mud geysers on parts of the island.", "In 1970, ideas about the seamount changed drastically following an expedition that went to Loihi to study an earthquake swarm (intense, repeated seismic activity) that had just occurred there. It was revealed that Loihi was a young, active volcano, rather than an old dead seamount from a bygone aeon. The volcano is mantled with young and old lava flows and is actively venting hydrothermal fluids at it's summit and south rift zone. In August 1996 Loihi volcano rumbled to life again with a vengeance and has been intermittently active since then. In fact, University of Hawaii scientists studying the seamount following the 1996 seismic swarm have found direct evidence of a volcanic eruption there in 1996, making this the first confirmed historical eruption of the seamount." ]

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[ "Gregg Alan Rolie (born June 17, 1947, Seattle, Washington, United States) is an American singer, keyboardist and organist. Rolie served as lead singer of the bands Santana, Journey and Abraxas Pool – all of which he co-founded. He also helmed rock group The Storm, and currently performs with his Gregg Rolie Band. Rolie was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998, as a member of Santana.", "Exhausted from extensive touring, keyboardist Gregg Rolie now left a successful band for the second time in his career. Rolie recommended pianist Jonathan Cain of The Babys as his replacement. With Cain's replacement of Rolie's Hammond B-3 organ with his own synthesizers, the band was poised to redefine rock music for a new decade in which they would achieve their greatest musical success.", "Exhausted from extensive touring, keyboardist Gregg Rolie now left a successful band for the second time in his career. Keyboardist Stevie Roseman was brought in to record the lone studio track for Captured, \"The Party's Over (Hopelessly in Love)\", but Rolie recommended pianist Jonathan Cain of The Babys as the permanent replacement. With Cain's replacement of Rolie's Hammond B-3 organ with his own synthesizers, the band was poised to redefine rock music for a new decade in which they would achieve their greatest musical success.", "Keyboardist Gregg Rolie now left a successful band for the second time in his career. Keyboardist Stevie \"Keys\" Roseman was brought in to record the lone studio track for Captured, \"The Party's Over (Hopelessly in Love),\" but Rolie recommended pianist Jonathan Cain of The Babys as the permanent replacement. With Cain's replacement of Rolie's Hammond B-3 organ with his own synthesizers, the band was poised for a new decade in which they would achieve their greatest musical success.", "Keyboardist Gregg Rolie now left a successful band for the second time in his career. Keyboardist Stevie \"Keys\" Roseman was brought in to record the lone studio track for Captured, \"The Party's Over (Hopelessly in Love),\" but Rolie recommended pianist Jonathan Cain of The Babys as the permanent replacement. With Cain's replacement of Rolie's Hammond B-3 organ with his own synthesizers, the band was poised for a new decade in which they would achieve their greatest musical success. ", "Red Hot Chili Peppers, also sometimes shortened to \"The Chili Peppers\" or abbreviated as \"RHCP\", are an American rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1983. The group's musical style primarily consists of rock with an emphasis on funk, as well as elements from other genres such as punk rock and psychedelic rock. When played live, their music incorporates elements of jam band due to the improvised nature of much of their performances. Currently, the band consists of founding members Anthony Kiedis (vocals) and Flea (bass), longtime drummer Chad Smith; and guitarist Josh Klinghoffer, who joined in late-2009, replacing John Frusciante. Red Hot Chili Peppers are one of the best-selling bands of all time with over 80 million records sold worldwide, have been nominated for sixteen Grammy Awards, of which they have won six and are the most successful band in alternative rock radio history currently holding the records for most number one singles (12), most cumulative weeks at number one (85) and most top-ten songs (25) on the Billboard Alternative Songs chart. In 2012, they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.", "Aerosmith is a prominent American rock band. Three of its members, Steven Tyler, Joe Perry, and Tom Hamilton, first met in Sunapee, New Hampshire in the late 60s, but it wasn't until 1970, in Boston, Massachusetts, that the three decided to form a band together. Later, they met up with Joey Kramer (drums) and Brad Whitford (rhythm guitar). The band enjoyed major popularity throughout the 70s, making rock anthems such as \"Dream On\" and \"Sweet Emotion\", but they split from 1979-84 due to serious in-group arguments and substance abuse problems that contributed to their decline.", "Kings of Leon is a Grammy winning American rock band that originated in Talihina, Oklahoma but formed in Nashville, Tennessee in 1999. The band is composed of brothers Anthony Caleb Followill (b. January 14, 1982, lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Ivan Nathan Followill (b. June 26, 1979, drums, percussion, backing vocals) and Michael Jared Followill (b. November 20, 1986, bass guitar, backing vocals), with their cousin Cameron Matthew Followill (b. September 10, 1984, lead guitar, backing vocals). The group is named for their grandfather Leon from Talihina, Oklahoma.", "3 Doors Down is an American rock band from Escatawpa, Mississippi formed in 1996. Since 1998 the band consists of lead vocalist Brad Arnold, lead guitarist Matt Roberts, bass guitarist Todd Harrell and rhythm guitarist Chris Henderson. Their current drummer and percussionist is Greg Upchurch who has been with the band since 2005. [1]", "Lynyrd Skynyrd - is an American Southern rock band. The band became prominent in the Southern United States in 1973, and rose to worldwide recognition before several members, including lead vocalist and primary songwriter Ronnie Van Zant, died in a plane crash in 1977 five miles northeast of Gillsburg, Mississippi. A tribute band of the same name was formed in 1987 for a reunion tour with Johnny Van Zant, Ronnie's younger brother, at the helm, and continues to record music today. The band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on March 13, 2006. In 1972 the band was discovered by musician, songwriter, and producer Al Kooper of Blood, Sweat, and Tears, who had attended one of their shows at a club in Atlanta. They changed the spelling of their name to \"Lynyrd Skynyrd\", and Kooper signed them to MCA Records, producing their first album the following year. 1973's (pronounced 'lĕh-'nérd 'skin-'nérd) featured the hit song \"Free Bird\", which received national airplay, eventually reaching #19 on the Billboard Hot 100 charts, and is still considered a Rock and Roll anthem today.", "Kings of Leon is an American rock band that originated in Albion, Oklahoma but formed in Nashville, Tennessee in 1999. The band is composed of brothers Anthony Caleb Followill, Ivan Nathan Followill and Michael Jared Followill, with their cousin Cameron Matthew Followill. The group is named for their grandfather Leon from Talihina, Oklahoma.", "Talking Heads were an American rock band formed in 1975 in New York City and active until 1991. The band comprised David Byrne, Chris Frantz, Tina Weymouth, and Jerry Harrison. Described by critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine as \"one of the most critically acclaimed bands of the '80s,\" the group helped to pioneer new wave music by integrating elements of punk, art rock, funk, pop and world music with avant-garde sensibilities and an anxious, clean-cut image.", "Dave Matthews Band (often abbreviated to DMB) is an American rock band that was formed in Charlottesville, Virginia in 1991. The founding members were singer-songwriter and guitarist Dave Matthews, bassist Stefan Lessard, drummer/backing vocalist Carter Beauford and saxophonist LeRoi Moore. Boyd Tinsley was added to the band as a violinist soon after the band was formed. Moore died suddenly in August 2008 due to complications from injuries sustained in an ATV accident. Grammy Award-winner Jeff Coffin (of Béla Fleck and the Flecktones) has since filled Moore's spot as the band's saxophonist. Rashawn Ross and Tim Reynolds have also become full-time touring members of the band. The band's 2009 album Big Whiskey & the GrooGrux King (the first album since Moore's death) debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, earning the band their fifth consecutive number-one debut. Their most recent album, Away from the World, released September 29, 2012, debuted at number one on the Billboard chart — making them the only group to have six consecutive studio albums debut in the top spot. As of 2010, the Dave Matthews Band sold over 30 million records worldwide. ", "Cream were a 1960s British rock supergroup power trio consisting of bassist/singer Jack Bruce, drummer Ginger Baker, and guitarist/singer Eric Clapton. Their sound was characterised by a hybrid of blues rock, hard rock and psychedelic rock, combining the psychedelia-themed lyrics, Eric Clapton's blues guitar playing and vocals, Jack Bruce's voice and prominent bass playing and Ginger Baker's jazz-influenced drumming. The group's third album, Wheels of Fire, was the world's first platinum-selling double album. Cream are widely regarded as being the world's first successful supergroup. In their career, they sold over 15 million albums worldwide. Cream's music included songs based on traditional blues such as \"Crossroads\" and \"Spoonful\", and modern blues such as \"Born Under a Bad Sign\", as well as more eccentric songs such as \"Strange Brew\", \"Tales of Brave Ulysses\" and \"Toad\".", "Deftones is an American rock/alternative metal band from Sacramento, California, formed in 1988, consisting of Chino Moreno (lead vocals and guitar), Stephen Carpenter (guitar), Sergio Vega (bass), Frank Delgado (keyboards and turntables), and Abe Cunningham (drums and percussion). Vega (formerly of Quicksand) took on bass duties in mid-2009 in substitution for Chi Cheng, who was seriously injured in an automobile accident in Santa Clara, California on November 4, 2008. Cheng remained in a coma until his death on April 13, 2013 due to cardiac arrest.", "Hootie & the Blowfish is an American rock band that was formed in Columbia, South Carolina, in 1986 by Darius Rucker, Mark Bryan, Dean Felber, and Jim Sonefeld. , the band had charted 16 singles on various Billboard singles charts and recorded five studio albums. Their 1994 debut album, Cracked Rear View, was the 16th-best-selling album of all time in the US, and was certified platinum 16 times. The group was especially popular in Canada, having three number-one singles in the country. They have sold over 21 million albums in the United States.", "composer, musician: guitar: group: The Band: Up on Cripple Creek, The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down, Shape I�m In, River Hymn, Life is a Carnival", "Various Artists, Nuggets Vol. 10: Folk-Rock (Rhino). An odd mix (from the mid-1980s, though it doesn't bear a release date) of huge folk-rock hits (the Byrds' \"Mr. Tambourine Man,\" the Turtles' \"It Ain't Me Babe,\" Barry McGuire's \"Eve of Destruction,\" Scott McKenzie's \"San Francisco\"), pop-leaning minor hits (the Sunshine Company's \"Back on the Street Again\", the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band's \"Buy for Me the Rain\"), and rarities by Jake Holmes (the original version of \"Dazed and Confused\"), the Modern Folk Quartet, and the Deep Six.", "Dicky Betts (The Allman Brothers Band, Dickey Betts & Great Southern, Dickey Betts Band) – 73", "The Allman Brothers Band: The Floridian rock and blues band was formed in 1969 by brothers Duane and Gregg Allman. They achieved huge chart success with their song 'Ramblin' Man', and last year they were awarded with a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.", "*Nitty Gritty Dirt Band (featuring Earl Scruggs, Randy Scruggs, Vassar Clements & Jerry Douglas) for \"Earl's Breakdown", "In 2002, David reformed Whitesnake with a new line-up featuring Tommy Aldridge on drums, Marco Mendoza (Blue Murder, Thin Lizzy, Ted Nugent) on bass, Doug Aldrich (Lion, Dio) on guitar, Reb Beach (Winger) on guitar, and Timothy Drury (Don Henley, Stevie Nicks) on keyboards.", "During the 1980s the band kept performing. \"Daylight Again\" from 1982 had a hit song in the title track, but that same year Crosby was arrested for drug and weapon charges and spent 8 months in jail. He decided to go into rehab afterwards and Young rejoined the band briefly for \"American Dream\" in 1988. By that point the band effectively became more popular as a concert experience and their social activism than for their newer albums. In 1997 they were inducted in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, however Neil Young was excluded.", "The band is most identifiable through Brad Roberts (vocals, guitar) and his distinctive bass-baritone voice. The band members have fluctuated over the years, but its best known line-up consisted of Roberts, Ellen Reid (co-vocals, keyboards), Brad's brother Dan Roberts (bass guitar, backing vocals), Benjamin Darvill (harmonica, mandolin), and Mitch Dorge (drums, percussion). The band is best known for their 1993 single \"Mmm Mmm Mmm Mmm.\"", "Relf and McCarty formed an acoustic rock group called Together and then Renaissance, which recorded two albums for Island Records over a two-year period. McCarty formed the group Shoot in 1973. Relf, after producing albums for Medicine Head (with whom he also played bass) and Saturnalia, resurfaced in 1975 with a new quartet, Armageddon; a hybrid of heavy metal, hard rock and folk influences, which now included former Renaissance bandmate Louis Cennamo, drummer Bobby Caldwell (previously a member of Captain Beyond and Johnny Winter), and guitarist Martin Pugh (from Steamhammer, Rod Stewart's An Old Raincoat Won't Ever Let You Down, and most recently in 7th Order). They recorded one promising album before Relf died in an electrical accident in his home studio on 14 May 1976. In 1977, Illusion was formed, featuring a reunited lineup of the original Renaissance, including McCarty and Keith's sister Jane Relf.", "Todd RUNDGREN, space age guitarist; Gary Richrath, of \"R.E.O. Speedwagon\"; Gene Bertoncini, New York Studio Mainstay; Miguel Abloniz, Classical Guitar Mentor; Jazz Chords, altered and extended", "The original line-up, formed in Houston, Texas in 1969, included Billy Gibbons, organist Lanier Greig and drummer Dan Mitchell. Greig was replaced by bassist Billy Ethridge, a band mate of Stevie Ray Vaughan, and Mitchell was replaced by Frank Beard of the American Blues. Eventually Ethridge quit the band and Dusty Hill joined", "Drummer Augie Ciulla recorded with his nephews' band The Infinite Staircase, and was featured on their debut album The Road Less Taken, which was released in early 2009. Keyboard player Dave Camacho performs with the Borinquen Blues Band.", "Guilbeau & Parsons, Louisiana Rain (2002, Big Beat). A nifty 25-track scoop of odds and ends that Gib Guilbeau and Gene Parsons recorded, either as the duo Guilbeau & Parsons or on sessions credited to other artists, circa the mid-to-late 1960s. Much of this was recorded just prior to or around the same time the Byrds and the Flying Burrito Brothers were embracing country-rock, though it's gotten far less attention. And much of it sounds rather similar to the country-rock of the late-'60s Byrds, Gene Clark, and Flying Burrito Brothers, mixing folk-rock, Bakersfield country music, and some Cajun & R&B.", "New Riders of the Purple Sage. This 1971 release includes backup work by Jerry Garcia, Spencer Dryden, Mickey Hart and Commander Cody. Their brand of mellow country/rock is highlighted in \"Glendale Train\" and \"Louisiana Lady\". The Adventures of Panama Red is another good recording from NRPS. ", "Appearing at the Whiskey on the Sunset Strip - “Badfinger.” The group consists of Peter Ham, Joey Mollands, Tom Evans and Mike Gibbons. Appearing with them - Pure Prairie League. ", "Carlos Alomar (born 7 May 1951) is a Puerto Rican-American guitarist, composer and arranger. He is best known for his work with David Bowie from the mid-1970s to the early 2000s, having played on more Bowie albums than any other musician other than pianist Mike Garson. He has also performed with Duran Duran side project Arcadia, on the album, So Red the Rose." ]

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[ "Morgan Fairchild (born Patsy Ann McClenny; February 3, 1950) is an American actress. She achieved prominence during the late 1970s and early 1980s with continuing roles in several television series, in which she usually conveyed a glamorous image.", "Actress. Born Patsy McClenny, on February 3, 1950, in Dallas, Texas. McClenny began performing on stage at the age of 12. As a teenager, she doubled for Faye Dunaway, the lead in the acclaimed film Bonnie and Clyde (1966), co-starring Warren Beatty. After a brief marriage, she took the name Morgan Fairchild as her professional name. In 1973, Fairchild landed the role of the murderous ingenue Jennifer Pace on the long-running daytime drama Search for Tomorrow. She left the program in 1977 and relocated to Los Angeles.", "This elegant lady defined the television version of the rich, sophisticated businesswoman who knows what she wants, and will do whatever it takes to get it. She was born Patsy Ann McClenny on February 3, 1950 in Dallas, Texas. She began acting as a child, when her mother enrolled her in drama lessons after she was too shy to give a book report in class. From the age of 10, she performed in children's plays. Later, she would do dinner theater and stock productions in Dallas. She chose Morgan as a stage name. In 1973, Morgan decided to pursue a career in television; just 6 weeks after moving to New York, she landed the key role of Jennifer in the daytime soap opera Search for Tomorrow (1951); she stayed on until 1977.", "Born Patsy Ann McClenny in Dallas, Texas, the daughter of Martha Jane (née Hartt), a high school English teacher who taught at Richardson High School (in Richardson, Texas), and Edward Milton McClenny. Fairchild has a younger sister, Cathryn Hartt, who is also an actress. As a younger child, she was seen on WFAA-TV's Mr. Peppermint Show with host Jerry Haynes. In her teens she was in the audience on WFAA-TV's Sump'n Else bandstand show. She auditioned three times to be in The Little Group, which was WFAA-TV's Sump'n Else show's dance group. While she was in her teens she was seen is several locally broadcast commercials on Dallas Fort Worth television stations. As a child, she suffered a bout of scarlet fever, which left her partially deaf. She has a main actor competitive Tom Fahn .", "Introduced in 1995 by series producer Barbara Emile, Tiffany Raymond was conceptualised by EastEnders scriptwriter Tony Jordan as a school friend of already established character Bianca Jackson (Patsy Palmer). Actress Martine McCutcheon was cast in the role. McCutcheon has revealed that she was initially hesitant about auditioning for the part, commenting to The Guardian, \"An agent called me and said there was a part on EastEnders and I said, very offhandedly, 'I don't really want to do soap, because I want to do movies, and nobody I know goes from soap to movies, and it's just not the sort of actress I want to be [...] this agent said to me, just let me send you a synopsis of the character and see what you think, and I thought she was fantastic. And I watched EastEnders that night and I realised just how many people talked about it. So I told my agent, 'All right, I'm going to go for it, I'm not in a position to be fussy\". ", "Following her departure Palmer got involved in various projects, such as the detective series McCready and Daughter (2001), Do or Die (2001) and the period drama He Knew He Was Right (2004), as well as cameo appearances in short films Another Green World (2005) and Trapped (2008). Patsy also reprised her role as fiery Bianca Jackson in a special spin-off show EastEnders: Ricky & Bianca (2002), reuniting her with Sid Owen for the first time in three years, which detailed Bianca's life away from Walford, where she struggled to raise her son Liam and attend fashion college in Manchester as well as working in a seedy club in order to make ends meet. The show was extremely popular with Palmer's fans and resulted in her being invited to return to the show, but Palmer declined in order to spend time with her family. Later on in October 2007 it was announced that Patsy Palmer would be returning to EastEnders (1985) after 8 years away and, along with Sid Owen , her returning scenes were aired in April 2008. Palmer's second stint in the soap opera as Bianca portrayed her still as a struggling single mother, this time being thrown out of her residence for failing to pay rent and being made homeless along with her children. Palmer has also tackled the difficult storyline of sexual abuse, with her stepdaughter Whitney being groomed by Bianca's jailbird boyfriend Tony King.", "Patricia Louise \"Pat\" Evans (also Wicks and Butcher), also occasionally referred to in the British media as Fat Pat, is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders. She was played by Pam St. Clement from 12 June 1986, just over a year after the show first aired, until her departure on 1 January 2012. Pat was also portrayed by Emma Cooke in a soap 'bubble' Pat and Mo: Ashes to Ashes, delving into her past with sister-in-law Mo Harris (Laila Morse), which aired in 2004. The character died on 1 January 2012, shortly after being diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Her funeral was on 13 January 2012. Pat was one of the longest serving characters on the show, being on it for twenty-five years and six months. She returned along with other women from Ian Beale's (Adam Woodyatt) past in a concussion-related dream sequence for a Children in Need special on 14 November 2014. She also made a return as a hallucination for Peggy Mitchell's (Barbara Windsor) exit on 17 May 2016.", "actress: Soap, I�m a Big Girl Now, Throb, Home Free, Night Partners, daughter of actress, Judy Canova", "After her film peak Amanda continued to show resiliency on stage and TV. Theatre endeavors included \"Absurd Person Singular\", the musical \"Stepping Out\" with Julia McKenzie , \"The Mating Game\", \"Blithe Spirit (as Elvira) and \"Twelfth Night\". Occasional movie work came in, including the addled comedy One of Our Dinosaurs Is Missing (1975) with Helen Hayes . Of the countless sitcoms Amanda has been involved in, she became a soap opera favorite beginning in 1981 with her participation as Alma Sedgewick in Coronation Street (1960). Her appearances were infrequent until the character became a regular in 1989. She retired the role after 11 years in 2001 in an effort to spread her wings once again and seek other work. The producers actually killed off her popular character in quick fashion with a rapid case of cervical cancer.", "In 1993 she was cast in the role of feisty Bianca Jackson in BBC's flagship soap opera, EastEnders. A popular character, Bianca's on-off romance with Ricky Butcher (Sid Owen) captivated millions of fans and their on-screen marriage in 1997 drew one of the biggest soap audiences ever — more than 22 million. She remained in the role for six years, but quit in 1999 to spend more time with her family and to concentrate on other projects. She reprised the role in May 2002 in a special spin-off entitled, EastEnders: Ricky and Bianca. The two-part, hour-long special was filmed in Manchester and reunited Bianca and Ricky for the first time in over two years.", "Other major characters introduced during the first series are Kate Harvey (Dulcie Gray), Jan's sensible and supportive mother, the suave, scheming millionaire businessman Charles Frere (Tony Anholt) and the wealthy but unhappy Urquhart family. Gerald (Ivor Danvers) is a financial wizard and the right-hand man of Charles Frere. Polly (Patricia Shakesby), a friend of Jan's, is a bored corporate wife preoccupied with preserving her social status and their daughter Abby (Cindy Shelley) is a socially awkward young woman who has returned to Tarrant after completing her education at a Swiss finishing school and who establishes a friendship with Leo Howard. Unlike the comparatively close and secure Howard family, the Urquharts have secrets to hide. Gerald and Polly's marriage is a sham—an arrangement to cover the fact that Gerald is bisexual to give him respectability in the business world and a name to Abby, Polly's illegitimate daughter after an affair at university. Abby herself is pregnant, after a brief relationship in Switzerland.", "She began appearing on stage, playing the title role in the 1980 British revival of The Last of Mrs. Cheyney, and later had a lead role in the 1990 revival of Noël Coward's Private Lives. In 1981, she landed the role of Alexis Carrington Colby, the vengeful ex-wife of John Forsythe's character, in the 1980s television soap opera Dynasty, winning a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in 1982; she is credited for the success around Dynasty, which was the most-watched television show in America during the 1984-85 broadcast season. Collins also received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1983 for career achievement.", "Desperate Housewives is an American comedy-drama series that aired on ABC (American Broadcasting Company). It focuses on the residents living on the fictional Wisteria Lane as narrated by their deceased neighbor, Mary Alice Young (Brenda Strong). Specifically, the series follows four protagonists and Mary Alice's friends, Susan Mayer (Teri Hatcher), Lynette Scavo (Felicity Huffman), Bree Van de Kamp (Marcia Cross), and Gabrielle Solis (Eva Longoria). Desperate Housewives features an ensemble cast, which also includes the women's husbands, children, love interests, neighbors, and other acquaintances.", "Kate O'Mara (10 August 1939 – 30 March 2014) was an English film, stage and television actress, and writer. She was perhaps most widely known for her 1986 role as Caress Morell, the scheming sister of Alexis Colby in the American primetime soap opera Dynasty.", "Her last role before taking three years off, following the death of her mother and birth of her daughter (Rowan), was in the BBC1 mini-series, Soul Survivors co-starring Ian McShane. She returned to acting in 1998, joining the top rated soap opera Coronation Street, playing Jackie Dobbs. She left in 1999, and went on to join the cast of Five soap opera Family Affairs, staying for just under a year, as well as guest starring in an episode of the BBC's Casualty.", "Patsy Palmer (born Julie Anne Harris; 26 May 1972 in Bethnal Green, London) is an English actress and model. Palmer made an early television appearance on the children's drama show Grange Hill, but is best known for playing Bianca Jackson in the popular BBC soap opera EastEnders. Originally in the cast from 1993–1999, she returned to EastEnders in April 2008 before leaving again in September 2014. She has also appeared in a number of TV dramas, and released an autobiography, All of Me, in 2007.", "'\\n hellomagazine.com: Exclusive: <mark>Patsy Palmer</mark>\\'s dream Caribbean wedding  â  Eastenders favourite <mark>Patsy Palmer</mark> has finally had the white wedding she always dreamed of, 12 years after originally tying the knot.  â  The Eastenders star and Richard Merkell, who married in 2000, decided to renew their commitment ⦠'", "She was born Virginia Patterson Hensley on September 8, 1932, in Winchester, Virginia, in the city's Memorial Hospital. She was the eldest child of seamstress Hilda Virginia ( Patterson; March 9, 1916December 10, 1998) and blacksmith Samuel Lawrence Hensley (August 16, 1889December 11, 1956). She soon had a younger brother and sister, Samuel Jr. (November 13, 1939November 1, 2004) and Sylvia (April 14, 1943). They were known in the family as Ginny, John, and Sis. The family moved often before finally settling in Winchester, Virginia, when Patsy was eight. Sam Hensley deserted his family in 1947, but the children's home was reportedly happy nonetheless. ", "March 21st, 2007 marks Schulenburg's first television debut, taking on the role of Alison McDermott Stewart in the soap opera \"As The World Turns\". Her entry into the soap opera was a bit unusual; the re-introduction of the character took place online in collaboration with another CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\". Schulenburg co-starred with actress Adrienne Frantz , who soap fans recognize as Y&R's \"Amber Moore\". The two girls were featured in the mini online soap opera titled \"Digital Daytime: L.A.Diaries\" that would set the storyline to later take place during Schulenburg's ATWT appearance.", "eil.com / esprit : TV Soap Stars.Pop Stars.Singing Soap Stars.British Soap Operas.Australian Soap Operas.US Soap Operas.", "Living with Grant proves difficult for Tiffany. Grant refuses to allow Tiffany to socialise or drink alcohol, fearing that it may harm his unborn child. After Grant witnesses Tiffany having a cocktail, he is incensed. Tiffany threatens to leave him and Grant almost attacks her but is stopped by Lorraine Wicks (Jacqueline Leonard). Lorraine consoles a distraught Tiffany, who breaks down and admits that Grant may not be her baby's father. Lorraine tries to convince Tiffany to tell Grant the truth, but Tiffany decides against it and continues to keep up the pretence. Meanwhile, Lorraine begins to make her real intentions towards Grant clear. On Christmas Eve 1996 she and Grant kiss and on New Year's Eve, Lorraine informs Grant there is a possibility Tiffany's baby is not his. Grant reacts by throwing a pregnant Tiffany out. Their separation allows Grant to embark on a relationship with Lorraine, destroying Tiffany.", "Patsy - Character from the 1990s TV comedy ‘Absolutely Fabulous’. Played by Joanna Lumley. Fashionably dressed with beehive hairstyle and accessories showing love of booze, fags and champagne.", "Primetime serials were just as popular as those in daytime. The first real prime time soap opera was ABC 's Peyton Place (1964–1969), based in part on the original 1957 movie (which was itself taken from the 1956 novel ). The popularity of Peyton Place prompted rival network CBS to spin off popular As the World Turns character Lisa Miller into her own evening soap opera entitled Our Private World (originally titled \"The Woman Lisa\" in its planning stages) in 1965. Our Private World ended in the fall and the character of Lisa returned to As The World Turns.", "In 1983, MacGraw starred in the highly successful television miniseries The Winds of War. In 1984, MacGraw joined hit ABC prime-time soap opera Dynasty as Lady Ashley Mitchell, which, she admitted in a 2011 interview, she did for the money. She appeared in 14 episodes of the show before her character was killed off in the infamous \"Moldavian wedding massacre\" cliffhanger episode in 1985.", "Meg Ryan Info Real Name Margaret Mary Emily Anne Hyra Bio Margaret Mary Emily Anne Hyra biography Star Profile Timeline Biography History", "Mansfield, of German and English ancestry, was the only child of Herbert William and Vera (née Jeffrey) Palmer. Her birthname was Vera Jayne Palmer. [2] A natural brunette, she was born in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania , but spent her early childhood in Phillipsburg, New Jersey . When she was three years old, her father, a lawyer who was in practice with future New Jersey governor Robert B. Meyner , died of a heart attack while driving a car with his wife and daughter. After his death, her mother worked as a school teacher. In 1939, when Vera Palmer remarried, the family moved to Dallas, Texas . Mansfield's desire to become an actress developed at an early age. In 1950, Vera Jayne Palmer married Paul Mansfield, thus becoming Jayne Mansfield, and the couple moved to Austin, Texas . She studied dramatics at the University of Dallas and the University of Texas at Austin . While attending the University of Texas, she won several beauty contests, with titles that included \"Miss Photoflash,\" \"Miss Magnesium Lamp\" and \"Miss Fire Prevention Week.\" The only title she ever turned down was \"Miss Roquefort Cheese,\" because she believed that it \"just didn't sound right.\" In 1954, they moved to Los Angeles and she studied dramatics at UCLA .", "Mansfield married Miklós Hargitay , an actor and bodybuilder, (publicly known as Mickey Hargitay, who won the Mr. Universe title in 1955) on January 13, 1958 at The Wayfarers Chapel in Rancho Palos Verdes , California . The unique glass chapel made public and press viewing of the wedding much easier. Jayne herself wore a transparent wedding gown, adding to the occasion's publicity aspect. The couple divorced in Juarez , Mexico in May 1963. The Mexican divorce was initially declared invalid in California, and the two reconciled in October 1963. After the birth of their third child, Mansfield sued for the Juarez divorce to be declared legal and won. The divorce was recognized in the United States on August 26, 1964. She had previously filed for divorce on May 4, 1962, but told reporters, \"I'm sure we will make it up.\" [33] Their acrimonious divorce had the actress accusing Hargitay of kidnapping one of her children to force a more favorable financial settlement. [34] During this marriage she had three children — Miklós Jeffrey Palmer Hargitay (born December 21, 1958), Zoltán Anthony Hargitay (born August 1, 1960), and Mariska Magdolina Hargitay (born January 23, 1964), an actress best known for her role as Olivia Benson in Law & Order: Special Victims Unit.", "Tamara Dobson (May 14, 1947 Baltimore-October 2, 2006 Baltimore) also known as Tamara or Tamara Janice Dobson was an American model and actor.", "Patsy Stone is a fictional character on the UK television series Absolutely Fabulous, portrayed by actress Joanna Lumley.", "Holly Marie Combs. An American actress and television producer. An American actress and television producer who was appearing in commercials by the age of 10, before a number of successful roles in films and TV shows. Holly Marie Combs served as a producer for four seasons on smash-hit show ‘Charmed’, and landed another regular series after that.", "Ex-Eastenders star Michelle Collins has landed the role of Rovers Return landlady on Coronation Street. Michelle, who played Cindy Beale on Eastenders, begins filming on Coro next month.", "Kylie Bunbury (born January 30, 1989) is a Canadian-American actress. Bunbury is best known for her role as Lacey Porter in the ABC Family series Twisted " ]

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[ "The Creighton Bluejays, or Jays, are the athletic teams that represent Creighton University, a Jesuit/Catholic University in Omaha, Nebraska, United States. They compete in NCAA Division I in the Big East Conference. ", "Creighton is a private Jesuit school in Omaha, Nebraska, with around 8,000 students evenly divided between undergrad and graduate students. Given its faith-based mission, the school hosts the Creighton Center for Service and Justice which promotes weekly community service projects. With a faculty to student ratio of just 1:11, Creighton combines the feel of a small, close-knit community with the resources of a larger university. It has more than 200 student organizations on campus giving students a wide range of activities. Ranked #1 by U.S. News and World Report in Regional Universities Midwest Rankings, Creighton offers an excellent value in education.", "Father Raymond Bishop, after 22 years at St, Louis University, was sent to Creighton University in Omaha, Nebraska. He taught here for more than 20 years and died in 1978 at the age of 72.", "Creighton plays their home matches on campus at Morrison Stadium, which is named after former university President Fr. Michael Morrison, S.J. The last time Creighton hosted the Missouri Valley Conference men's soccer Tournament was 2011.", "Creighton's current men's soccer coach is Elmar Bolowich. Bolowich was named head coach of the Creighton Bluejays on February 9, 2011 following 22 seasons as the head coach at North Carolina. ", "Other notable Midwestern college sports teams include the Butler Bulldogs, Cincinnati Bearcats, Creighton Bluejays, Dayton Flyers, Indiana State Sycamores, Marquette Golden Eagles, Milwaukee Panthers, Missouri Tigers, Missouri State Bears, Northern Illinois Huskies, Notre Dame Fighting Irish, Wichita State Shockers, and Xavier Musketeers. Of this second group of schools, Butler, Dayton and Missouri State do not play top-level college football, and Creighton, Marquette, Wichita State, and Xavier do not sponsor football at all.", "The Jays bounced back to defeat Long Beach State 13-4 in an elimination game, to set up a rematch with Wichita State in the National Semifinals. A trip to the title game for Creighton was not to be, however, as Wichita State advanced to the National Championship game after defeating Creighton for the eighth time that season, 11-3.", "In one of the more memorable games in College World Series history, the Shockers defeated the Jays 3-2 in 12 innings. With one out in the bottom of the twelfth inning Wichita State center fielder Jim Audley threw out Creighton's pinch-runner Steve Burns at home plate in a play known to Bluejay and Shocker fans alike as \"the throw.\" The game was recently ranked third in the list of the 25 greatest games in College World Series history by the Omaha World-Herald.", "Louisiana ( or ; , ; Louisiana Creole : Léta de la Lwizyàn) is a state located in the southern region of the United States. Louisiana is the 31st most extensive and the 25th most populous of the 50 United States . Its capital is Baton Rouge and largest city is New Orleans . Louisiana is the only state in the U.S. with political subdivisions termed parishes , which are local governments equivalent to counties . The largest parish by population is East Baton Rouge Parish , and the largest by land area is Plaquemines .", "Omaha ( ) is the largest city in the state of Nebraska and the county seat of Douglas County. Omaha is located in the Midwestern United States on the Missouri River, about 10 mi north of the mouth of the Platte River. Omaha is the anchor of the Omaha-Council Bluffs metropolitan area, which includes Council Bluffs, Iowa, across the Missouri River from Omaha. According to the 2010 census, Omaha's population was 408,958, making it the nation's 43rd-largest city. According to the 2014 Population Estimates, Omaha's population was 446,599. Including its suburbs, Omaha formed the 60th-largest metropolitan area in the United States in 2013, with an estimated population of 895,151 residing in eight counties. The Omaha-Council Bluffs-Fremont, Nebraska-IA Combined Statistical Area is 931,667, according to the U.S. Census Bureau's 2013 estimate. There are nearly 1.3 million residents within the Greater Omaha area, comprising a 50-mile (80 km) radius of Downtown Omaha, the city's center.", "The team plays its home games at TD Ameritrade Park Omaha, also the home of the College World Series. Prior to the opening of TD Ameritrade Park, the program played games at the Creighton Sports Complex and Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium in South Omaha, which was also the home of the NCAA College World Series and the Omaha Royals (now known as the Omaha Storm Chasers) of the Pacific Coast League.", "Established in 1856, Niagara University is a private, Catholic University in Lewiston, New York. Just four miles from the spectacular Niagara Falls, it sits atop the rugged, Niagara River gorge. The campus is 160 acres of both old, ivy-covered buildings and new buildings in modern architectural styles. It has 4,200 students and offers 50 different academic programs. Volunteer work is valued by the students who work with many organizations including the United Way, Habitat for Humanity, and the Love and Soul food pantry.", "The city is home to the University of Louisville Cardinals, who compete in the NCAA's Division I and are a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference. The U of L men's basketball team won the NCAA Division I basketball championship in 1980 and 1986 under head coach Denny Crum, and recently achieved the NCAA Final Four in 2005, 2012, and 2013 under head coach Rick Pitino, and winning the National Championship in 2013. The women's basketball team, under head coach Jeff Walz, reached the final of the NCAA women's tournament in 2009 and 2013, losing both times to Connecticut. The 2008–09 team featured 2009 WNBA Draft #1 pick Angel McCoughtry. Both basketball teams ended their tenure at Freedom Hall in 2010 and moved to the new KFC Yum! Center in downtown Louisville for the 2010–11 season.", "The University of New Orleans has grown to become a major urban research university. Categorized as an SREB Four-Year 2 institution, as a Carnegie Doctoral/Research University-Intensive, and as a COC/SACS Level VI institution, its students now enjoy a broad range of academic programs nearly one-quarter of which are at the masters or doctoral level. In addition, extracurricular activities, including NCAA Division One intercollegiate athletics, an extensive program of intramural sports, and frequent exhibits and programs in music, drama, ballet, and the fine arts round out the student experience. Culturally, socially, economically, and intellectually, the University of New Orleans is one of the major assets of the City of New Orleans and the State of Louisiana . The University has conferred over 66,000 degrees since the first graduating class of 118 in 1962.", "Lindenwood University is located on Kingshighway, near downtown St. Charles and St. Charles High. Founded by Major George Sibley and his wife Mary in 1827 as a women's school named Lindenwood School For Girls, the institution is the second-oldest higher-education institution west of the Mississippi River. The university is a private university affiliated with the Presbyterian Church. LU is one of the fastest-growing universities in the Midwest and enrolls close to 15,000 students. In 2006 it briefly attracted publicity when People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals staged a small protest against its unusual tuition fee policies. Lindenwood hosts 89.1 The Wood (KCLC), a commercial-free student-driven radio station.", "St. John's University located in Queens, New York; St. John's is the second largest Roman Catholic university in the United States.", "Cincinnati is home to the University of Cincinnati and Xavier University. The University of Cincinnati, often referred to as \"UC\", is one of the United States' major graduate research institutions in engineering, music, architecture, classical archaeology, and psychology. The University of Cincinnati Medical Center is highly regarded, as well as the College Conservatory of Music, which has many notable alumni, including Kathleen Battle, Al Hirt and Faith Prince. Xavier, a Jesuit university, was at one time affiliated with The Athenaeum of Ohio, the seminary of the Cincinnati Archdiocese.", "Augsburg College, Minneapolis College of Art and Design, and North Central University are private four-year colleges. Minneapolis Community and Technical College, the private Dunwoody College of Technology, Globe University/Minnesota School of Business, and Art Institutes International Minnesota provide career training. St. Mary's University of Minnesota has a Twin Cities campus for its graduate and professional programs. Capella University, Minnesota School of Professional Psychology, and Walden University are headquartered in Minneapolis and some others including the public four-year Metropolitan State University and the private four-year University of St. Thomas have campuses there. ", "St. John's University located in Queens, New York; St. John's is the second largest Roman Catholic university in the United States .", "Sister Helen Prejean was born on April 21, 1939, in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. She joined the Sisters of St. Joseph of Medaille in 1957 (now know as the Congregation of St. Joseph) and received a B.A. in English and Education from St. Mary’s Dominican College, New Orleans in 1962. In 1973, she earned an M.A. in Religious Education from St. Paul’s University in Ottawa, Canada. She has been the Religious Education Director at St. Frances Cabrini Parish in New Orleans, the Formation Director for her religious community, and has taught junior and senior high school students.", "Southeastern Louisiana University is a state-funded public university located in Hammond , Louisiana . It was originally founded in 1925 by Linus A. Sims , the principal of Hammond High School , as Hammond Junior College , located in a wing of the high school building. Sims succeeded in getting the campus moved to north Hammond in 1928, when it became known as Southeastern Louisiana College. It achieved university status in 1970. There are approximately 15,000 students representing 43 states and 66 countries enrolled. During the 1990s Southeastern was the fastest-growing college in the United States, despite the presence of Louisiana State University (flagship of the LSU system) only 45 miles (72 km) west of Hammond along Interstate 12 in the state capital of Baton Rouge , and the presence of several universities 55 miles (89 km) to the southeast in New Orleans .", "Carly-Anne also earned a master’s of education from the University of Notre Dame. As part of the Alliance for Catholic Education program, she taught middle school religion and high school theology in Corpus Christi, Texas. Carly-Anne then transitioned to full-time pastoral ministry as a Catholic Campus minister at Stony Brook University.", "The Louisville Cardinals football team — which had produced successful NFL players such as Johnny Unitas, Deion Branch, Sam Madison, David Akers, Ray Buchanan, Michael Bush, Harry Douglas, and Teddy Bridgewater— under coach Howard Schnellenberger defeated Alabama in the 1991 Fiesta Bowl. The program joined the Big East Conference and won the 2007 Orange Bowl under Bobby Petrino and the 2013 Sugar Bowl under Charlie Strong. Petrino returned as head coach in 2014. The University of Louisville baseball team advanced to the College World Series in Omaha in 2007, 2013, and 2014, as one of the final eight teams to compete for the national championship.", "St. Thomas University (STU) is the province's only Catholic university and has been located in Fredericton since 1964, when it moved from its Chatham, New Brunswick campus. It is a liberal arts university with programs in gerontology, criminology, journalism, social work, native studies, and education. STU offers an excellent program in Human Rights and is the home of the Atlantic Human Rights Research and Development Centre.", "Brandeis University is an American private research university in Waltham, Massachusetts, 9 miles (14 km) west of Boston. ", "Creighton's baseball team played its first Big East season in 2014. They are coached by Ed Servais who is entering his eighth season as head coach of the Bluejays. His record at Creighton is 254-149 (.630 winning percentage).", "There are also private colleges farther south in the Willamette Valley. McMinnville has Linfield College, while nearby Newberg is home to George Fox University. Salem is home to two private schools: Willamette University (the state's oldest, established during the provisional period) and Corban University. Also located near Salem is Mount Angel Seminary, one of America's largest Roman Catholic seminaries. The state's second medical school, the College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Northwest, is located in Lebanon. Eugene is home to three private colleges: Northwest Christian University, New Hope Christian College, and Gutenberg College.", "Rockefeller gave $80 million to the University of Chicago under William Rainey Harper, turning a small Baptist college into a world-class institution by 1900. He also gave a grant to the American Baptist Missionaries foreign mission board, the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society in establishing Central Philippine University, the first Baptist and second American university in Asia, in 1905 in the Philippines. ", "The final season under the original conference structure, 2012–13, saw three Big East teams make the Final Four—UConn, Notre Dame, and Louisville. UConn first defeated Notre Dame in the semifinals and, in a rematch of the 2009 final, defeated Louisville for the national title.", "chr is tâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s co lle ge christ â&#x20AC;&#x2122; s college m ag a z i n e", "there are various \"university\". there are Islam university (madrasah), the western university (originally based on Christianity), Buddhist university, etc. A more holistic list should be made.", "The architectural press largely ignored the Oral Roberts University campus at the time of its construction, and the campus continues to elude critical inquiry. While David Edwin Harrell Jr.’s masterful 1985 biography of Oral Roberts—written, importantly, with access to primary sources and archival information—includes a brief history of the campus’s development, the archives of both Oral Roberts and Oral Roberts University are currently closed to scholars, which has stymied attempts to further understand its architectural program. 8 I cannot document Roberts’s original sources and rationale for the university’s architecture, nor that of his architects, first Cecil Stanfield and more substantially Frank Wallace. I propose here instead an analytical framework that contextualizes a campus built as both a university and radio and television studio. The significance of the [End Page 382] Oral Roberts University campus resides not in the originality of its architecture (indeed, architect Wallace drew freely on other sources) but rather what its architecture has to say about the possibility of religion and modernity coexisting and thriving together, an idea that challenges the secularization narrative that contends religion and modernity are at odds. I argue that the architecture of Oral Roberts University created a cogent visual language for the electronic church. In its futuristic buildings, the campus expressed the optimistic alliance between technology and religion in the modern era; in its opulent image, it realized Oral Roberts’s promise of an abundant life lived with Christ." ]

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[ "During a 1995 television interview with BBC's Panorama, Princess Diana said she had known her husband had renewed a relationship with Camilla Parker Bowles. \"There were three of us in this marriage, so it was a bit crowded,\" Diana said. In 1997, Diana was killed in a car crash. Her death was mourned around the world.", "The Princess of Wales was interviewed for the BBC current affairs show Panorama by journalist Martin Bashir - and the interview was broadcast on 20th November 1995. Diana was open about her and Charles's indiscretions in the interview, and spoke honestly about her relationship with Hewitt, insisting: \"Yes, I adored him. Yes, I was in love with him. But I was very let down [by him].\" Referring to her husband's affair with Camilla Parker-Bowles, she said, \"Well, there were three of us in this marriage, so it was a bit crowded.\" She also suggested that Prince Charles shouldn't inherit the throne - and that succession should, instead, pass to Prince William.", "She maintained contact with Prince Charles, and their friendship led to tension in his own marriage. Famously, in a 1995 television interview, Princess Diana said: \"There were three in the marriage, so it was a bit crowded.\"", "Asked about Charles’s relationship with Camilla, she said: “There were three of us in this marriage. It was a bit crowded.”", "Posthumously, as in life, she is most popularly referred to as \"Princess Diana\", a title not formally correct and a title she never held. [N 4] Still, she is sometimes referred to (according to the tradition of using maiden names after death) in the media as \"Lady Diana Spencer\", or simply as \"Lady Di\". After Tony Blair's famous speech she was also often referred to as the People's Princess. [92]", "Ouch! Why the hostility? She called Princess Diana that \"silly girl next door\", the Duchess of York \"common\", and declared her background \"better than anyone else who's married into the royal family since the war, except Prince Philip\".", "Tony Blair had a royal tiff with the Queen after he referred to the late Princess Diana as \"the People's Princess,\" but they found common ground when the Queen addressed the nation following Diana's death.  ", "The wedding went ahead as scheduled at St. Paul’s Cathedral. The Queen had sent 2,500 invitations to friends, families, and heads of state, plus the crowned heads of Europe. The ceremony was telecast to 750 million people. On that July day, Lady Diana Spencer (1961-1997) became newly titled as Diana, Princess of Wales. She outranked all other women in the realm, except Queen Elizabeth II and the Queen Mother. (1)", "In the wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Lady Diana Spencer, Pomp and Circumstance No. 4 served as the recessional. As Diana's veil was lifted and the couple bowed and curtsied to Queen Elizabeth II, the opening notes sounded and continued as they walked down the aisle of St Paul's Cathedral out to the portico and the waiting crowds.", "Within five years of her marriage, the couple's incompatibility and age difference (almost 13 years), as well as Diana's concern about Charles's relationship with Camilla Parker Bowles, became visible and damaging to their marriage. During the early 1990s, the marriage of the Prince and Princess of Wales fell apart, an event at first suppressed, then sensationalised, by the world media. Both the Princess and Prince spoke to the press through friends, each blaming the other for the marriage's demise.", "Privately, however, Queen Elizabeth was concerned that Diana was struggling to adjust to the pressure she was under. She told Sir John Johnston, the comptroller of the Lord Chamberlain's Office who was in charge of protocol for the wedding: \"I think she's having difficultly finding her way.\"", "Called the \"wedding of the century,\" the wedding of Lady Diana Frances Spencer to Charles, Prince of Wales, took place on July 29 , 1981, at St. Paul's Cathedral in London. Diana was 20 years old, Charles 32 years old.", "Diana was born The Honourable (later Lady) Diana Frances Spencer, youngest daughter of John Spencer, Viscount Althorp (later 8th Earl Spencer) and his wife, formerly the Honourable Frances Burke Roche, at Park House, on the Queen’s Sandringham Estate. She married HRH The Prince of Wales on 29 July 1981 at St Paul’s Cathedral in London. The Prince and Princess of Wales have two sons – HRH Prince William and HRH Prince Henry (Harry). The couple divorced in 1996 and Diana’s style became ‘Diana, Princess of Wales’. While she lost her HRH status, she remained, officially, a member of the Royal Family.", "A bluff yet shy man who had a Wodehousian penchant for ending sentences with the word \"what?\", Shand proved adept at sidestepping attempts to question him about his daughter's relationship with the Prince of Wales, and advised friends to keep their mouths shut. But there were periodic rumours that Major Shand was becoming exasperated with the hostile publicity his daughter was receiving as the royal marriage drew to a close and after Diana Princess of Wales died. Some soldierly blunt words were said to have been offered to the Prince on several occasions before he married Camilla Parker Bowles in 2005, an event at which Shand was discreetly present.", "The public's fascination with Diana fueled the media's insatiable hunger for sensational news about the princess. Coverage of the royal family was said to be more critical and crudely inquisitive than at any time since the early nineteenth century. As Suzanne Lowry, a writer for London's Sunday Times once wrote, according to Time: \"What Diana clearly didn't understand when she took that fateful step [of marrying Charles] was that she could never get back into that nice, cozy private nursery again. … As James Whitaker [the London Mirror's royal watcher] might say to Diana with a nudge, 'You didn't know you were marrying us too, did you?\"'", "More significant for the future was her meeting with Prince Charles at Althorp that year. The Prince was a member of a shooting party as a guest of Lady Diana's eldest sister, Lady Sarah. The Prince and Princess both recalled later that the meeting could be seen as the first landmark on the road to their marriage three and a half years later.", "The Royal wedding – Charles, Prince of Wales, married Lady Diana Spencer on 29 July 1981 after which St Paul’s became one of the most visited churches in England.", "\"Diana really did love her husband. That was her one ambition in life, to get married, to look after her husband and to have children. Diana was so upset by her parents' divorce, she was determined that she would never divorce herself. When she marred Charles I remember writing to her and saying she was marrying the only man in the country from whom she could never be divorced. Sadly, that was not to be.\"", "Diana was just 20-years-old when she married the Prince of Wales on 29th July 1981 at St Paul's Cathedral. Her sumptuous ivory taffeta and antique lace wedding dress was created by young British designers David and Elizabeth Emmanuel and had a 25-metre train. The couple's vows were watched by 3,500 invited guests - not to mention an estimated 750 million people around the world on live television. And many were quick to comment that Diana did not (as was tradition) vow that she would \"obey\" her husband.", "An official biography published today describes how Queen Elizabeth was \"deeply shocked\" when it emerged that Princess Diana had collaborated with Andrew Morton on the book Diana: Her True Story, which caused a sensation when it was published in 1992. She was also dismayed by the Prince of Wales's decision to discuss his private life with the broadcaster Jonathan Dimbleby for a TV programme in which he admitted he had been unfaithful. Queen Elizabeth revealed her thoughts about her grandson's divorce in a series of previously unpublished interviews with Sir Eric Anderson, the former Provost of Eton College, which were made available to the biographer William Shawcross.", "As heir-apparent to the Throne , the Prince of Wales had to choose a bride who was both a virgin and a Protestant (ideally, a member of the Church of England ) who had an impeccable background in terms of both lineage and comportment. Reportedly, it was Camilla Shand , later his second wife, who helped him select 19-year-old nursery assistant Lady Diana Spencer , daughter of the 8th Earl Spencer and younger sister of Lady Sarah Spencer. Buckingham Palace announced their engagement on 24 February 1981 .", "27th March 1981: Charles, Prince of Wales, his fiancee Lady Diana Spencer, and Queen Elizabeth II at Buckingham Palace, London, after she gave her consent for their wedding.", "On Monday, July 28, 1981, the day before her wedding, Diana lunched with her sisters while Charles met with Camilla with the gift. Diana confided to her sisters that she didn’t want to marry someone who was still in love with his mistress.", "Princess Diana's tragic death in a car crash in Paris (Dodi was also killed, as was the driver, an employee of Mr Fayed) and the presence of paparazzis at the crash scene raised concerns about privacy laws and press freedom in Britain. During her funeral service in Westminster Abbey, Earl Spencer, her brother stated that Princess Diana talked to him endlessly of getting away from England, mainly because of the treatment that she received at the hands of the newspapers.", "Lady Sarah was chief bridesmaid at the Wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Lady Diana Spencer on 29 July 1981 at St Paul's Cathedral.", "“The Royal Wedding reception was special, in the sense that it’s the first time I’d been onstage and all I could see was tiaras glistening in the night! You know, the Kings and Queens from around the world were there, and it was a very special day. I particularly remember doing the soundcheck at The Palace, when one of the roadies shouted ‘Princess Diana‘s coming up the corridor!’. And how some people were so in awe of her that they were like scampering out because they couldn’t face the fact she was gonna be walking in the same room! It was really strange! I remember her coming over to me to thank me for coming, and thinking what a tall and pretty lady she was! Then, about 15 minutes later, Prince Charles came in and did the same thing! And it’s strange, in terms of that situation, to sit back and look at life and see how it’s developed since then.”", "Over the years Lady Avon attended various state occasions, as well as gatherings of former Prime Ministers and their families. For example, in 1972 (while her husband was still alive) she described to Cecil Beaton the Duchess of Windsor 's \"very strange\" and nervous demeanour - \"Is this my seat?\" \"Is this my prayer book?\" \"What do I do now?\" - at the funeral of her husband, the former King Edward VIII , [106] while thirty years later Tony Blair's press secretary Alastair Campbell noted that, at a dinner at 10 Downing Street in 2002 to mark Queen Elizabeth II's Golden Jubilee, attended by five surviving Prime Ministers and several relatives of deceased former Prime Ministers:", "The marriage culminated the controversial romantic relationship between Prince Charles and Camilla Parker Bowles , who has since been styled, HRH The Duchess of Cornwall. Charles, 56, and Camilla, 57, were both married once before their union, raising memories of the Edward VIII abdication crisis of 1936, which was sparked by the then-king's desire to marry a divorcee. The proceedings of the Service of Prayer and Dedication were covered by the BBC network. Notable figures in attendance included international political, religious, and royal figures, and various celebrities.", "The Prince of Wales sought public understanding via a televised interview with Jonathan Dimbleby on 29 June 1994. In this he confirmed his own extramarital affair with Camilla Parker Bowles, saying that he had rekindled their association in 1986, only after his marriage to the Princess had \"irretrievably broken down\". ", "She was 25. He was 77 and treated her with elaborate gallantry. Her first decision was what her surname was (Windsor, rather than Mountbatten); her last of his government was who his successor should be. (Everyone assumed it would be Eden, so she asked him.)", "Queen Elizabeth II made Ms. Sutherland a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1978. Her bluntness sometimes caused her trouble. In 1994, addressing a luncheon organized by a group in favor of retaining the monarchy in Australia, she complained of having to be interviewed by a foreign-born clerk when applying to renew her passport, “a Chinese or an Indian — I’m not particularly racist — but find it ludicrous, when I’ve had a passport for 40 years.” Her remarks were widely reported, and she later apologized.", "He married the Hon Serena Stanhope, the daughter of the landowner Viscount Petersham, in 1993. The couple are admired for maintaining a tight-knit family unit, somewhat removed from Buckingham Palace circles." ]

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[ "William Bradley \"Brad\" Pitt (born December 18, 1963) is an American actor and film producer. Pitt has received two Academy Award nominations and four Golden Globe Award nominations, winning one. He has been described as one of the world's most attractive men, a label for which he has received substantial media attention.", "William Bradley \"Brad\" Pitt (born December 18, 1963 (birth time source: Astrodatabank)) is an American actor and producer. He has received multiple awards and nominations including an Academy Award as producer under his own company Plan B Entertainment. Pitt first gained recognition as a cowboy hitchhiker in the road movie Thelma & Louise (1991). His first leading roles in big-budget productions came with the dramas A River Runs Through It (1992) and Legends of the Fall (1994), and Interview with the Vampire (1994). He gave critically acclaimed performances in the crime thriller Seven and the science fiction film 12 Monkeys (both 1995), the latter earning him a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor and an Academy Award nomination. Pitt starred in the cult film Fight Club (1999) a...", "William Bradley \"Brad\" Pitt (born December 18, 1963) is an American actor and producer. He has received multiple awards and nominations including an Academy Award as producer under his own company Plan B Entertainment.", "William Bradley \"Brad\" Pitt (born December 18, 1963) is an American actor and producer. He has received a Golden Globe Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, and three Academy Award nominations in acting categories and received three further Academy Award nominations, winning one, as producer under his ... read more .", "Gave birth to twins (her 5th and 6th child) at age 33, a son, Knox Léon Jolie-Pitt, and a daughter, Vivienne Marcheline Jolie-Pitt, on July 12, 2008. Their father is Brad Pitt .", "Angelina’s worldly ninth house Moon occupies the zodiacal degree of the restless fixed star Alpheratz. It keeps her on the move and this will be even more evident next year. This astral placement also suits Brad's Sagittarian Sun and Ascendant travel desires, which he sees as further enriching his children’s lives. For the record Brad Pitt was born December 18 1963 @ 06.31 am in Shawnee, Oklahoma.", "He's made being an Irish Gypsy trendy and where a genuine Irish man failed (i.e. Gabriel Byrne as his role as a tinker) in Into the West. Now Hollywood heart-throb Brad Pitt is also being penned with the title of succeeding for the fist time in history with making the Irish traveler sexy. In his latest movie Snatch, Brad plays Mickey the Irish Gipsy and is tipped to win his first Oscar for his role.", "Brad Pitt, with Pax Thien Jolie-Pitt, Shiloh Nouvel Jolie-Pitt and Maddox Jolie-Pitt, attend the \"Unbroken\" Los Angeles premiere on Dec. 15, 2014 in Hollywood, Calif.", "[on today's actors, starting with Brad Pitt ] That Pitt fellow - what's his name? He hasn't got it. Now, Robert Downey Jr. - I think he might have something.", "Following a high-profile relationship with actress Gwyneth Paltrow, Pitt was married to actress Jennifer Aniston for five years. Pitt currently lives with actress Angelina Jolie in a relationship that has generated wide publicity. He and Jolie have six children—Maddox, Zahara, Pax, Shiloh, Knox, and Vivienne. Since beginning his relationship with Jolie, he has become increasingly involved in social issues both in the United States and internationally. Pitt owns a production company named Plan B Entertainment, whose productions include the 2007 Academy Award winning Best Picture, The Departed.", "Brad Pitt Actor, Inglourious Basterds An actor and producer known as much for his versatility as he is for his handsome face, Golden Globe-winner Brad Pitt's most widely recognized role may be Tyler Durden in Fight Club . However, his portrayals of Billy Beane in Moneyball , and Rusty Ryan in the remake of Ocean's Eleven and its sequels, also loom large in his filmography...", "Brad Pitt took acting lessons from Roy London during his struggling days in Los Angeles. In 1987, his acting career began with uncredited parts in the films No Way Out , No Man's Land and Less Than Zero . The Dark Side of the Sun (1988), a Yugoslavian--U.S. co-production, marked Pitt's first leading role portraying a young American who is taken by his family to the Adriatic to find a remedy for a skin condition; due to the outbreak of the Croatian War of Independence the film was not released until 1997. However, his first movie to reach theatres was the horror film Cutting Class (1989), and then a supporting role in the comedy Happy Together in the same year.", "An actor and producer known as much for his versatility as he is for his handsome face, Golden Globe-winner Brad Pitt's most widely recognized role may be Tyler Durden in Fight Club . However, his portrayals of Billy Beane in Moneyball , and Rusty Ryan in the remake of Ocean's Eleven and its sequels, also loom large in his filmography.", "An actor and producer known as much for his versatility as he is for his handsome face, Golden Globe-winner Brad Pitt's most widely recognized role may be Tyler Durden in Fight Club (1999). However, his portrayals of Billy Beane in Moneyball (2011), and Rusty Ryan in the remake of Ocean's Eleven (2001) and its sequels, also loom large in his filmography.", "These days he's strutting the red carpet at Cannes with partner Angelina Jolie, but back in the 80's Brad Pitt had a small recurring role as Chris on Another World. “It was real sweaty-palms time for me,” Pitt has said of his first on-screen kiss at his other acting gig, the nighttime drama Dallas. Pitt supplemented bit parts with odd jobs like dressing up as a chicken for El Pollo Loco until he made a huge leap forward when he landed a part in the chick flick, Thelma amp Louise alongside Geena Davis and Susan Sarandon. Since his breakthrough, he has starred in blockbusters like Interview with the Vampire, Fight Club, and Mr. amp Mrs. Smith.", "Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie: Maddox, Pax, Zahara, Shilo, Knox, Vivienne | Unusual Celeb Baby Names | XFINITY", "Best known as the wife of Brad Pitt and as Rachel in \"Friends\", her much copied hairstyle led to many women asking for \"The Rachel\" at hairdressers around the world. She has also starred in the movie \"The Object of My Affection\" and made appearances in \"She's the One\" and \"'Til There Was You\". Her father is Days of our Lives star John Aniston.", "'My love and admiration for my daughter can't be explained in words,' the actor told the New York Daily News . 'I saw her two days ago with my son Jamie. We all got together for his birthday, with her and Brad [Pitt]. But I didn't know. It wasn't obvious at all.", "Now: Pitt has become a major A-list star, of course. Since then he's made his mark with starring roles in films like 'Seven,' 'Fight Club,' the aforementioned 'Ocean's' trilogy, 'Inglourious Basterds' and 'Mr. and Mrs. Smith,' where he met his partner Angelina Jolie, with whom he shares several children, both natural and adopted. More recently, he appeared in the films 'World War Z' and 'The Counselor,' and he appeared in and produced '12 Years a Slave,' for which he, along with his co-producers, received an Academy Award for Best Picture. He can be seen next in the David Ayer World War II film 'Fury.'", "Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie hooked up after his 2005 divorce from Jennifer, and in 2006, Brad and Angelina had their first biological child together. Together, Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie have a total of six children, three adopted from third-world countries and three of their own biological children, including twins born in July 2008.", "Ramón Estévez changed his name to Martin Sheen as he felt it affected his job prospects due to racial discrimination and bias, although he maintains his birth name for legal documents such as his passport; his sons made divergent choices: Carlos Irwin Estévez is now Charlie Sheen, while Emilio Estevez left his name unchanged. German-born actor Hans Gudegast adopted the non-German stage name of Eric Braeden. Cherilyn Sarkisian, of Armenian descent, is now known to the world by the single name Cher.", "While struggling to establish himself in Los Angeles, Pitt took lessons from acting coach Roy London. Pitt's acting career began in 1987, with uncredited parts in the films No Way Out, No Man's Land and Less Than Zero. His television debut came in May 1987 with a two-episode role on the NBC soap opera Another World. In November of the same year Pitt had a guest appearance on the ABC sitcom Growing Pains. He appeared in four episodes of the CBS primetime series Dallas between December 1987 and February 1988 as Randy, the boyfriend of Charlie Wade (played by Shalane McCall). Later in 1988, Pitt made a guest appearance on the Fox police drama 21 Jump Street. ", "Brad Pitt : dad to six kids. Maddox, Zahara, Shiloh, Pax, Knox... Photo-1172453.16345 - Houston Chronicle", "*Brad Pitt in 1995, later somewhere around the late 1990s and early 2000s, then again from 2005–09.", "Jennifer Aniston's engagement to Justin Theroux: Anything Brad can do! As Pitt set to wed Angelina Jolie, his ex-wife announces her engagement... | Daily Mail Online", "Actor Brad Pitt gestures as he attends 'The Curious Case of Benjamin Button' Japan Premiere at Roppongi Hills in 2009.", "Brad Pitt arrives for the world premiere of \"Moneyball\" at the Paramount Theatre on Monday, Sept. 19, 2011, in Oakland, Calif. Behind him is doppleganger Reed Thompson who plays the young version of Brad's ... more", "Brad Pitt arrives for the World Premiere of \"Moneyball\" at the Paramount Theatre on Monday, Sept. 19, 2011 in Oakland, Calif.", "Here's a bit of movie trivia: A young Brad Pitt was an extra in Less Than Zero (Partygoer/Preppie Kid At Fight). He earned $38 for his appearance.", "Brad Pitt arrives for the world premiere of \"Moneyball\" at the Paramount Theatre on Monday, Sept. 19, 2011, in Oakland, Calif.", "Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie were each paid US $20M for their roles. See more »", "Pitt is not the only one to have married previously. Jolie was married twice before; to Billy Bob Thornton and Johnny Lee Miller before that. Both marriages ended amicably and her ex-husbands support her." ]

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[ "The November 1980 release of John Lennon's album Double Fantasy seems an impressive feat for a new label, but at the time Lennon stated that Geffen was the only one with enough confidence in him to agree to a deal without hearing the record first. Yoko Ono, Lennon's wife and partner, stated that Geffen was the only label head to pay attention to her. In December 1980, Lennon was shot dead and Double Fantasy became a massive seller. Over the years Geffen Records/DGC has become well known as a label, releasing works by the likes of Olivia Newton-John, Asia with Steve Howe and John Wetton, Elton John, Cher, Sonic Youth, Aerosmith, Whitesnake, XTC, Peter Gabriel, Lone Justice, Blink-182, Guns N' Roses, Nirvana, Lifehouse, Tyketto, Pat Metheny, Sloan, the Stone Roses and Neil Young.", "Ex-Beatle John Lennon released his last album, Double Fantasy, in 1980 and won Album of the Year at the 1982 Grammy Awards.", "John Lennon was member of the Beatles, the “Fab Four”. After the Beatles broke up, Lennon’s talent was really seen. He was always the smart Beatle, the more poetic one, and when he branched out on his own we were able to see a little bit more of that. He mixed pop with a bit of rock and roll. Lennon’s final album he made, three weeks before he was murdered, had a hard rock and roll influence. The album Double Fantasy has cheerful songs and joyful sounds.", "Martin said he was surprised when McCartney asked him to produce another album, as the Get Back sessions had been \"a miserable experience\" and he had \"thought it was the end of the road for all of us\". The primary recording sessions for Abbey Road began on 2 July. Lennon, who rejected Martin's proposed format of a \"continuously moving piece of music\", wanted his and McCartney's songs to occupy separate sides of the album. The eventual format, with individually composed songs on the first side and the second consisting largely of a medley, was McCartney's suggested compromise. On 4 July, the first solo single by a Beatle was released: Lennon's \"Give Peace a Chance\", credited to the Plastic Ono Band. The completion and mixing of \"I Want You (She's So Heavy)\" on 20 August 1969 was the last occasion on which all four Beatles were together in the same studio. Lennon announced his departure to the rest of the group on 20 September, but agreed to withhold a public announcement—biographers differ on whether the decision to keep silent was made to avoid undermining sales of the forthcoming album, or Klein's contract negotiations with EMI.", "English musician, singer and songwriter John Lennon (1940-1980) rose to worldwide fame with the Beatles, the most commercially successful band in the history of pop. With Paul McCartney, he formed a song writing partnership that is one of the most celebrated of the 20th century. When the group disbanded in 1970, Lennon embarked on a solo career that produced the critically acclaimed albums John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band and Imagine.", "It was not until July 1974 that Lennon managed to retrieve his tapes from Spector. He managed to rescue four tracks and recorded the other nine tracks in just five days. \"Rock'n'Roll\" was released in February 1975. Yoko became pregnant with Sean in 1975 and John turned to matters of domesticity and music was put on hold for a while. He let his contract with EMI run out and he lost touch with the music business except for his close friends who visited. Elton John became godfather to Sean.", "Though his career after the Beatles was successful, it did not reach the height of what he had accomplished in the band. His final album was released in late 1980, rising straight to number one almost everywhere in the world. In December of the same year, John Lennon was tragically murdered by a gunman outside his Manhattan apartment. The world cried collectively when they heard the news, as one of the greatest revolutionary songwriters had moved on from this world and to the next. His work would live on, affecting the lives of billions of people throughout time.", "Born and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved as a teenager in the skiffle craze; his first band, the Quarrymen, evolved into the Beatles in 1960. As the group disintegrated towards the end of the decade, Lennon embarked on a solo career that produced the critically acclaimed albums John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band and Imagine, and iconic songs such as \"Give Peace a Chance\" and \"Imagine\". After his marriage to Yoko Ono in 1969, he changed his name to John Ono Lennon. Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to devote time to raising his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album Double Fantasy. He was murdered three weeks after its release.", "Over the next two years Lennon released Mind Games (Number Nine) and Walls and Bridges (Number One), which yielded his only solo Number One hit, \"Whatever Gets You Thru the Night,\" recorded with Elton John. On November 28, 1974, Lennon made his last public appearance, at Elton John's Madison Square Garden concert. The two performed three songs, \"Whatever Gets You Thru the Night,\" \"I Saw Her Standing There,\" and \"Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds,\" released on an EP after Lennon's death. Next came Rock 'n' Roll, a collection of Lennon's versions of Fifties and early-Sixties classics like \"Be-Bop-a-Lula.\" The release was preceded by a bootleg copy, produced by Morris Levy, over which Lennon successfully sued Levy. Rock 'n' Roll (Number Six, 1975) would be Lennon's last solo release except for Shaved Fish, a greatest-hits compilation.", "Most of the early-1969 tapes remained unreleased, partially because the footage for the planned television broadcast of these sessions was now going to be produced as a documentary movie. The accompanying soundtrack album, Let It Be, was delayed so that its release could coincide with that of the film. Lennon , Harrison , and Allen Klein decided to have celebrated American producer Phil Spector record some additional instrumentation and do some mixing. Thus the confusion that persists among most rock listeners to this day: Let It Be, although the last Beatles album to be released, was not the last one to be recorded. Abbey Road should actually be considered as the Beatles' last album; most of the material on Let It Be, including the title track (which would be the last single released while the group was still together), was recorded several months before the Abbey Road sessions began in earnest, and a good 15 months or so before its May 1970 release.", "Most of the early-1969 tapes remained unreleased, partially because the footage for the planned television broadcast of these sessions was now going to be produced as a documentary movie. The accompanying soundtrack album, Let It Be, was delayed so that its release could coincide with that of the film. Lennon, Harrison, and Allen Klein decided to have celebrated American producer Phil Spector record some additional instrumentation and do some mixing. Thus the confusion that persists among most rock listeners to this day: Let It Be, although the last Beatles album to be released, was not the last one to be recorded. Abbey Road should actually be considered as the Beatles' last album; most of the material on Let It Be, including the title track (which would be the last single released while the group was still together), was recorded several months before the Abbey Road sessions began in earnest, and a good 15 months or so before its May 1970 release.", "From 1968 onwards, new releases by the Beatles were issued by Apple Records , although the copyright remained with EMI, and Parlophone/Capitol catalogue numbers continued to be used. Apple releases of recordings by artists other than the Beatles, however, used a new set of numbers, and the copyrights were held mostly by Apple Corps Ltd. Unlike a mere 'vanity label', Apple Records developed an extremely eclectic roster of their own, releasing records by artists as diverse as Indian sitar guru Ravi Shankar , Welsh easy listening songstress Mary Hopkin , the power-pop band Badfinger , classical music composer John Tavener , soul singer Billy Preston , the Modern Jazz Quartet , and even London's Radha Krsna Temple . A short-lived subsidiary, Zapple Records , was intended to release spoken word and avant garde records, but folded after just two releases: Lennon's and Yoko Ono's Life with the Lions, and Harrison's Electronic Sound .", "But then a second wave of Beatlemania gradually hit — too late for John Lennon, who sadly had been getting the Dead Artists Are Better effect since 1980 when he was murdered by Mark David Chapman , but everyone else got to see it. The events leading to this, in order: the initial release of the British Beatles catalogue on CD in 1987; The Beatles being inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the release of Past Masters (which collects all their non-album singles and rarities) in 1988; Paul McCartney finally embracing his Beatles heritage fully in 1989, in the process settling the last couple of lawsuits and freeing Apple Corps to act; and most noticeably, The Beatles Anthology which is a box set released in 1995, with Beatles singles \"Free as a Bird\" and \"Real Love\" (which Covered Up the Lennon versions). Since then, Beatles-related stuff has come out just often enough to keep second-generation fans on their toes and the fandom active and aggressive.", "His father John Lennon wrote the song \"Good Night\" for him, which closes the Beatles' 1968 self-titled album (commonly called the \"White Album\"). John gave the song to Ringo Starr to sing.", "Abbey Road is the 11th studio album by the English rock band the Beatles, released on 26 September 1969 by Apple Records. The recording sessions for the album were the last in which all four Beatles participated. Although Let It Be was the final album that the Beatles completed before the band’s dissolution in April 1970, most of the album had been recorded before the Abbey Road sessions began.", "John Lennon's final masterpiece of 1967 found him at his surrealistic, sneering best. I Am The Walrus was included on the soundtrack of the Magical Mystery Tour TV film, and first released as the b-side of Hello Goodbye.", "Rock 'N' Roll was released the next year; it was a tight and energetic celebration of many of his favourite songs, including \"Slippin' And Slidin'\", \"Peggy Sue\" and a superb \"Stand By Me'. The critics and public loved it and it reached number 6 on both sides of the Atlantic. Following the birth of their son Sean, Lennon became a house husband, while Ono looked after their not inconsiderable business interests. Five years later, a new album was released to a relieved public and went straight to number 1 virtually worldwide. The following month, with fans still jubilant at Lennon's return, he was suddenly brutally murdered by a gunman outside his apartment building in Manhattan. Almost from the moment that Lennon's heart stopped in the Roosevelt Hospital the whole world reacted in unprecedented mourning, with scenes usually reserved for royalty and world leaders. His records were re-released and experienced similar sales and chart positions to that of the Beatles\" heyday. While all this happened, one could \"imagine\" Lennon calmly looking down on us, watching the world's reaction, and having a huge celestial laugh.", "In February 1994, Lynne fulfilled a lifelong dream by working with the three surviving Beatles on the Anthology album series. At George Harrison's request, Lynne was brought in to assist in reevaluating John Lennon's original studio material. The songs \"Free as a Bird\" and \"Real Love\" were created by digitally processing Lennon's demos for the songs and overdubbing the three surviving band members to form a virtual Beatles reunion that the band had mutually eschewed during Lennon's lifetime. Lynne has also produced records for Ringo Starr and worked on Paul McCartney's Grammy nominated album Flaming Pie.", "Amateur photographer Paul Goresh was the last person to photograph Lennon alive, autographing his \"Double Fantasy\" album for Mark David Chapman , just hours before Chapman fatally shot Lennon. A press photographer sneaked into the morgue, photographing Lennon's body in state before it was taken to be cremated.", "In the summer of 1956 he met Paul McCartney, and they began writing songs together and forming groups, the last of which was the Beatles. As half of the official songwriting team Lennon/McCartney, Lennon himself penned some of the Beatles' most well-known songs over the next decade including \"A Hard Day's Night,\" \"Help!\" \"Nowhere Man,\" \"Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown),\" \"Ticket To Ride,\" \"All You Need Is Love,\" \"Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds,\" \"Strawberry Fields Forever,\" \"Across the Universe,\" \"Revolution,\" and \"Come Together.\" Lennon, who had wanted to quit the Beatles just before the band's official breakup in 1970, began his career apart from the band in 1968 when he and Ono recorded Two Virgins. It was an album of avant-garde music most notable for its controversial cover featuring the couple fully nude; the album was shipped in plain brown wrapper. He would go on to record more than half of his solo albums with Ono.", "This album was released in conjunction with United Artists, who owned the film rights. In quite a few countries, the album was released as a boxed set, with a special booklet. In the US, the album was issued with a gatefold cover...and a red label, marking the end of the Beatles. Interestingly, all of the Beatles' original US releases differ in some way from those in England. This album went out of print in 1975 for three years.", "Apple Records is a record label founded by The Beatles in 1968, as a division of Apple Corps Ltd . It was initially intended as a creative outlet for the Beatles, both as a group and individually, plus a selection of other artists including Mary Hopkin , James Taylor , Badfinger , and Billy Preston . In practice, by the mid-1970s, the roster had become dominated with releases from the former Beatles. Allen Klein ran the label in 1969. It was then run by Neil Aspinall on behalf of the four Beatles and their heirs. He retired in 2007 and was replaced by Jeff Jones.", "On October 9, 1975, Yoko gave birth to John's other son Sean. John left his whole music career for 5 years to raise his son. John did not miss music at all during this period. He became a househusband and raised his son. John did not really exist anymore in the music world. John realized that there is no life without music after 5 years. He was able to write songs now with ease since there were no pressure. John wrote all the songs on \"Double Fantasy\" in a period of 3 weeks. This album was written, recorded, and released in 1980. When John was singing and writing this album, he was visualizing everybody in his age group. Unfortunately, John was shot in front of his apartment complex in New York while he was in the process of releasing another album \"Milk and Honey\". John died of the age of 40 in the Roosevelt Hospital on December 8, 1980, after receiving multiple gun shot in the back.", "One of the last recordings he made prior to his death was for fellow Beatle Ringo Starr 's solo album \"Stop and Smell the Roses\". John and his wife, Yoko Ono , joined Starr at Cherokee Studios in Hollywood where the album was being recorded.", "Nobody was entirely sure that the work was going to be the group's last, though Harrison said \"it felt as if we were reaching the end of the line\". After the album was released, the Get Back/Let It Be project was re-examined, with work continuing into 1970. Therefore, Let It Be became the last album to be finished by the Beatles, even though its recording had begun before Abbey Road.", "The Beatles recorded their final album, Abbey Road , in the summer of 1969. The completion of the song \" I Want You (She's So Heavy) \" for the album on 20 August was the last time all four Beatles were together in the same studio.", "1970: The Beatles twelfth and final album, 'Let It Be' was released, (it was recorded before ‘Abbey Road’ and originally to be called 'Get Back.' The album came in a deluxe-boxed edition with a 'Get Back' book.", "Abbey Road is the 11th studio album released by the English rock band The Beatles. It is their last recorded album, although Let It Be was the last album released before the band's dissolution in 1970.", "Let It Be is the twelfth and final studio album by English rock band the Beatles. It was released on 8 May 1970, almost a month after the group's break-up. Like most of the band's previous releases, it was a number one album in many countries, including both the US and the UK, and was released in tandem with the motion picture of the same name.", "Part of a suite of songs at the end of Abbey Road. It was the last album The Beatles recorded, although it was released before Let It Be.", "Abbey Road is the eleventh studio album released by the Beatles and their last recorded, though Let It Be was the last album release before the band split up in 1970. Abbey Road was recorded and released in 1969. ", "Yellow Submarine is the tenth studio album by the English rock band the Beatles, released on 13 January 1969 in the United States and on 17 January 1969 in the United Kingdom. It was issued as the soundtrack to the animated film of the same name, which premiered in London in July 1968. The album contains six songs by the Beatles, of which \"Yellow Submarine\" and \"All You Need Is Love\" had both been previously released. The remainder of the album was a re-recording of the film's orchestral soundtrack by the band's producer, George Martin." ]

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[ "1975 – Elton John’s album ‘Captain Fantastic And The Brown Dirt Cowboys’, went to No.1 on the US album chart, the first album ever to enter the US chart at No.1.", "in 1975 - Elton John's album 'Captain Fantastic And The Brown Dirt Cowboys', went to No.1 on the US album chart, the first album ever to enter the US chart at No.1.", "The monumental career of international singer/songwriter and performer Sir Elton John is now in its fifth decade. He has released over 40 gold and platinum albums, mostly co-written with his long-term songwriting partner, Bernie Taupin. Among these, Captain Fantastic and the Brown Dirt Cowboy was the first album ever to enter the US Billboard Chart at Number One. In September 2013, Elton released his 31st studio album, The Diving Board, which debuted at Number 3 in the UK charts, and in March 2014, the 40th Anniversary Deluxe Edition of Elton’s most popular album, Goodbye Yellow Brick Road, was released. Elton has sold more than 250 million records worldwide, including Candle In The Wind ’97, the biggest selling single of all time. His best-loved hit songs include Rocket Man, Your Song and Sacrifice.", "For his second album, John and Taupin hired producer Gus Dudgeon and arranger Paul Buckmaster, who contributed grandiose string charts to Elton John. Released in the summer of 1970, Elton John began to make inroads in America, where it appeared on MCA's Uni subsidiary. In August, he gave his first American concert at the Troubadour in Los Angeles, which received enthusiastic reviews, as well as praise from Quincy Jones and Leon Russell . Throughout the fall, Elton John continued to climb the charts on the strength of the Top Ten single \"Your Song.\" John followed it quickly in late 1970 with the concept album Tumbleweed Connection, which received heavy airplay on album-oriented radio in the U.S., helping it climb into the Top Ten. The rapid release of Tumbleweed Connection established a pattern of frequent releases that John maintained throughout his career. In 1971, he released the live 11-17-70 and the Friends soundtrack, before releasing Madman Across the Water late in the year. Madman Across the Water was successful, but John achieved stardom with the follow-up, 1972's Honky Chateau. Recorded with his touring band -- bassist Dee Murray, drummer Nigel Olsson, and guitarist Davey Johnstone -- and featuring the hit singles \"Rocket Man\" and \"Honky Cat,\" Honky Chateau became his first American number one album, spending five weeks at the top of the charts.", "The 1975 autobiographical album Captain Fantastic and the Brown Dirt Cowboy debuted at number one in the US, the first album ever to do so, and stayed at the top for seven weeks. Elton John revealed his previously ambiguous personality on the album, with Taupin's lyrics describing their early days as struggling songwriters and musicians in London. The lyrics and accompanying photo booklet are infused with a specific sense of place and time that is otherwise rare in his music. \"Someone Saved My Life Tonight\" was the hit single from this album and captured an early turning point in Elton John's life. The album's release signalled the end of the Elton John Band, as an unhappy and overworked John dismissed Olsson and Murray, two people who had contributed much of the band's signature sound and who had helped build his live following since the beginning.", "Elton John was born Reginald Dwight in 1947, and raised in the Pinner area of London. He learned to play piano at an early age, and by 1962 had formed Bluesology. John met his songwriting partner, Bernie Taupin, in 1967, after they had both answered an advert for songwriters. For two years they wrote songs for other artists, including Roger Cook and Lulu, and John also worked as a session musician for artists such as the Hollies and the Scaffold. In 1969 his debut album, Empty Sky, was released. In 1970 a single, \"Your Song\", from his second album, Elton John, reached the top ten in the UK and the US, his first hit single.", "in 1974 - Elton John started a ten-week run at No.1 on the US album chart with his 'Greatest Hits'.", "Sir Elton Hercules John CBE (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight on 25 March 1947) is a multiple Grammy and Academy Award-winning English pop/rock singer, composer and pianist. In his four-decade career, John has been one of the dominant forces in rock and popular music, especially in the 1970s. John has sold more than 250 million albums plus hundreds of millions of singles , making him one of the most successful artists of all time. He has more than 50 Top 40 hits including seven consecutive #1 U.S. albums, 59 Top 40 singles, 16 Top 10, 4 #2 hits, and nine #1 hits (Crocodile Rock; Bennie and the Jets; Lucy in the Sky With Diamonds; Island Girl; Philadelphia Freedom; Don't Go Breaking my Heart (with Kiki Dee); That's What Friends are For (with Dionne Warwick, Stevie Wonder, and Gladys Knight...", "Up until the release of Crocodile Rock, Elton’s biggest hits had been ballads backed with Taupin’s pensive lyrics. But this jaunty rock ‘n’ roll number – the first single from his Don’t Shoot Me, I’m Only the Piano Player album – broke the mould, becoming his first number one single in the US (and reaching number five in the UK). Though recognising that it has never been the weightiest or most original song he and Taupin have penned, Elton defended the track in 1995: “I wanted it to be a record about all the things I grew up with. Of course it’s a rip-off, it’s derivative in every sense of the word.”", "When Elton John released his first greatest hits collection in late 1974, he was the biggest rock act in the world. He was riding a streak of four straight number one albums and Greatest Hits would be his fifth in a row. In fact the album spent a career high 10 weeks at the top. The album is populated with some of the biggest hits of the first half of the 70's including the number one hits like his ode to a glam rocker, the rollicking \"Bennie & The Jets\" and his ode to the 50's, the fun and punchy \"Crocodile Rock\". Other classics include the orchestral \"Goodbye Yellowbrick Road\", the beautiful \"Your Song\", the funky \"Honky Cat\", the soaring \"Rocket Man\" and the heartbreaking \"Candle In The Wind\".", "The same year as Pink Floyd’s album, Elton John released his 1973 album “Goodbye Yellow Brick Road,” which went all the way to No. 1 on the Billboard charts.", "This song helped send the Don't Shoot Me I'm Only the Piano Player album to #1 on both sides of the Atlantic. It was Elton's first #1 in the UK, but Honky Chateau went to #1 in the US earlier that year.", "In November 1977, Elton John announced he was retiring from performing; Taupin began collaborating with others. Now only producing one album a year, John issued A Single Man in 1978, employing a new lyricist, Gary Osborne; the album produced no singles that made the top 20 in the US but the two singles from the album released in the UK, \"Part-Time Love\" and \"Song for Guy\", both made the top 20 in the UK with the latter reaching the top 5. In 1979, accompanied by Ray Cooper, Elton John became one of the first Western artists to tour the Soviet Union, as well as one of the first in Israel. John returned to the US top ten with \"Mama Can't Buy You Love\" (number 9), a song originally rejected in 1977 by MCA before being released, recorded in 1977 with Philadelphia soul producer Thom Bell. John reported that Thom Bell was the first person to give him voice lessons; Bell encouraged John to sing in a lower register. A disco-influenced album, Victim of Love, was poorly received. In 1979, John and Taupin reunited, though they did not collaborate on a full album until 1983's Too Low For Zero. 21 at 33, released the following year, was a significant career boost, aided by his biggest hit in four years, \"Little Jeannie\" (number 3 US), with the lyrics written by Gary Osborne. ", "In 1990, he achieved his first solo UK number one hit single, with \"Sacrifice\" (coupled with \"Healing Hands\") from the previous year's album Sleeping with the Past; it would stay at the top spot for six weeks. The following year, John's \"Basque\" won the Grammy for Best Instrumental, and a guest concert appearance at Wembley Arena he had made on George Michael's cover of \"Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me\" was released as a single and topped the charts in both the UK and the US. At the 1991 Brit Awards in London, Elton John won the award for Best British Male. ", "Elton’s sixth studio album was also his second straight #1 album in the US on the Billboard 200 chart. It went on to peak at #1 in several other countries including Australia, Canada, Italy, Norway and the UK. This album contains the song Crocodile Rock, which became Elton’s first #1 single in the US and Canada on the Billboard Hot 100, as well as the extremely popular track, Daniel.", "Elton John’s first best-of set covers all his early ’70s smashes, including thrilling yet heartstring-tugging pop ballads like “Rocket Man,” “Daniel,” and “Don’t Let the Sun Go Down Me,” as well as the gospel-shaded “Border Song” and his first hit single, the lovely piano-driven “Your Song.” “Bennie and the Jets” and “Saturday Night’s Alright for Fighting” are slinky, glitter-tinged rockers, and “Crocodile Rock” is pure ’50s-styled pop perfection. Each seamless hit is a mini epic highlighting Elton’s inexplicable ability to connect with everyone.", "The run began with April 1970’s self-titled second album, although it was technically his first American release. Although initial sales were minimal, John’s career went into overdrive when DJ’s flipped over the “Take Me To the Pilot” single and turned “Your Song” into a Top 10 hit.", "This was the first album by anyone to ENTER the Billboard top !00 at #1. Semi-autobographical story By Bernie Taupin and Elton's early struggles in the music industry, so each song is placed in chronological order... a kind of timeline (songs 1-10 originally). Elton's voice is at it's peak here. ALL the songs on here are great, and all are very different. This album shows Bernie's lyrical genius and Elton's uncanny knack for putting his words to the right music.", "In 1995 the album Made in England sold well in the United States and Britain . With a style strongly influenced by John Lennon's solo ballads, Elton John again demonstrates his superb control of melodic flow against the backdrop of laid-back lyrics set to one-word titles such as \"Cold,\" \"Pain,\" \"Blessed,\" and \"Believe.\" The album's material is enhanced by the inclusion of musicians with whom John had previously worked, such as guitarist Davey Johnstone, percussionist Ray Cooper, and arranger/orchestrator Paul Buckmaster. There is a strong sense of thematic progression in the journey undertaken through all the songs, which are performed in a medley style that culminates in the upbeat final track, \"Blessed.\" Following this album was The Big Picture, released in 1997, featuring the Top 10 hit \"Something about the Way You Look Tonight.\" In 2002 John released Songs from the West Coast, a limited-edition collection. Featuring a range of familiar tracks, including John's three most recent hits, this album thrilled fans by including both songs and videos.", "In the 1975 autobiographical album Captain Fantastic and the Brown Dirt Cowboy , Elton John revealed his previously ambiguous personality, with Taupin's lyrics describing their early days as struggling songwriters and musicians in London . The lyrics and accompanying photo booklet are infused with a specific sense of place and time that is otherwise rare in John's music. \" Someone Saved My Life Tonight \" was the hit single from this album and captured an early turning point in John's life.", "The son of a former Royal Air Force trumpeter, Elton John was born Reginald Kenneth Dwight in 1947. Dwight began playing piano at the age of four, and when he was 11, he won a scholarship to the Royal Academy of Music. After studying for six years, he left school with the intention of breaking into the music business. In 1961, he joined his first band, Bluesology, and divided his time between playing with the group, giving solo concerts at a local hotel, and running errands for a London publishing house. By 1965, Bluesology were backing touring American soul and R&B musicians like Major Lance, Doris Troy and the Bluebells. In 1966, Bluesology became Long John Baldry's supporting band, and began touring cabarets throughout England. Dwight became frustrated with Baldry's control of the band and began searching for other groups to join. He failed his lead vocalist auditions for both King Crimson and Gentle Giant before responding to an advertisement by Liberty Records. Though he failed his Liberty audition, he was given a stack of lyrics Bernie Taupin, who had also replied to the ad, had left with the label. Dwight wrote music for Taupin's lyrics and began corresponding with him through mail. By the time the two met six months later, Dwight had changed his name to Elton John, taking his first name from Bluesology saxophonist Elton Dean and his last from John Baldry.", "The first, quite simple: money. Well, possibly. Despite the success of the Elton John LP, Elton was not on a particularly lucrative contract with DJM, especially as the latter party had spent much money on studio time and promotion for Elton over the previous 18 months. (In fact, the DJM label was set up specifically to release the Empty Sky LP.) As Philip Norman put it: \"Times being tougher than tough, Elton could not afford to turn down any kind of freelance session-work. During late 1969 his talent for mimicry earned him at least as much as did his true persona. As a Motown prodigy, a crewcut surfer, a Mississippi swamp rocker, even an English footballer with the vocal range of a tired moose, he was utterly convincing.\"", "This song was a huge hit in America, following up another #1 single from Elton John, his cover of \" Lucy In The Sky With Diamonds .\" Elton dominated the charts at this time, but it didn't always make him happy, as he felt he was being overexposed. He told Melody Maker in June 1975: \"In America I've got 'Philadelphia Freedom' going up the charts again. I wish the bloody thing would piss off. I can see why people get sick and tired of me. In America I get sick and tired of hearing myself on AM radio. It's embarrassing.\"", "Many — though certainly not all — of Elton’s greatest hit singles were released during the 1970s: Rocket Man, Honky Cat, Crocodile Rock, Daniel, Saturday Night’s Alright For Fighting, Goodbye Yellow Brick Road, Step Into Christmas, Bennie And The Jets, Don’t Let The Sun Go Down On Me, The Bitch Is Back, Lucy In The Sky With Diamonds, Philadelphia Freedom, Someone Saved My Life Tonight, Island Girl, Don’t Go Breaking My Heart (the duet with Kiki Dee) and Sorry Seems To Be The Hardest Word. In 1973, Elton founded The Rocket Record Company, and later left DJM to record on his own label.", "1975, Elton John was awarded a Platinum Record for sales of a million copies of the LP 'Captain Fantastic and The Brown Dirt Cowboy', the first album ever to be certified Platinum on the day of its release.", "A few \"firsts\" are attributed to both the song and album. It was the first song released as a single on the MCA label (catalog #40000) after MCA dissolved its Uni (Elton John's previous label), Decca, Kapp and Coral labels. It was also MCA's first #1 song as well as Elton John's first #1. >>", "Secondly, for the first three years of his \"proper' music biz career Elton John was a confirmed studioholic. Although he failed his legendary audition for Liberty Records in June 1967, he had caught the attention of A & R man Ray Williams, who also had connections with publishers Dick James Music. Having been introduced to Taupin by Williams, Elton started recording demos of their material both at Regent Sound Studios and DJM's own facilities.", "1970 - U.S. Debut / Elton John - \"In 1970, Elton John made his debut in the United States at the Troubadour club in Los Angeles.\"", "1970 - Elton John made his first live appearance in the U.S. He opened for David Ackles at \"The Troubadour\" in Los Angeles, CA.", ". 1970 ~ Elton John recorded an album live, on what was WABC-FM in New York City. It marked the first time that a concert was aired live and recorded for release as aired. The LP was titled, 11/17/70.", "in 1976 - Elton John was immortalised in wax at Madame Tussauds in London. The first rock star to be so since The Beatles.", "1991, Michael Bolton went to No.1 on the US album chart with 'Time, Love and Tenderness.'" ]

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[ "1933 Birthday - Quincy Jones, born in Chicago, Illinois, composer and singer, We Are The World", "Considered to be one of the greatest minds in music and television history, Quincy Delight Jones, Jr. was born on March 14, 1933 in Chicago, Illinois. He is the son of Sarah Frances (Wells), a bank executive, and Quincy Delight Jones, Sr., a carpenter.", "Quincy Jones was born on the South Side of Chicago on March 14, 1933. The South Side was the tough black ghetto of one of America’s biggest cities, the city of Carl Sandburg and Richard Wright. By 1933 America was steeped in the Great Depression, and Quincy and his younger brother, Lloyd, learned to survive during those lean times the way many kids did: by stealing, carrying weapons, playing hooky, and running around with street gangs.", "He dropped his last name in deference to boxer Sugar Ray Robinson, patterned himself for a time after Nat \"King\" Cole and formed a group that backed rhythm 'n' blues singer Ruth Brown. It was in Seattle's red light district were he met a young Quincy Jones, showing the future producer and composer how to write music. It was the beginning of a lifelong friendship.", "March 14th 1933, Born on this day, Quincy Jones, the bandleader, musician, and producer who scored the 1978 US No.1 single 'Stuff Like That', has a record 79 Grammy Award nominations. Jones was the producer of the three albums by Michael Jackson, Off The Wall, Bad and Thriller which has now sold more than 100 million copies worldwide.", "Although in his later years he usually said that he was born in Rolling Fork, Mississippi, in 1915, he was most likely born in Jug's Corner, in neighboring Issaquena County in 1913. Recent research has uncovered documentation showing that in the 1930s and 1940s, before his rise to fame, he reported his birth year as 1913 on his marriage license, recording notes and musicians' union card. A 1955 interview in the Chicago Defender is the earliest claim of 1915 as his year of birth, which he continued to use in interviews from that point onward. The 1920 census lists him as five years old as of March 6, 1920, suggesting that his birth year may have been 1914. The Social Security Death Index, relying on the Social Security card application submitted after his move to Chicago in the mid-1940s, lists him as being born April 4, 1913. His gravestone gives his birth year as 1915. ", "Quincy Jones was born during the Depression but right at the end of the New Negro Movement. He might never have heard of it-or of the people who made it possible-but those individuals’ lives made a profound difference in the options and possibilities he would experience in his own life.", "Michael actually first met Quincy Jones in Los Angeles when he was about 12 years old. \"I was little at the time, but I vaguely remember Sammy Davis introducing me to Q.\"", "QUINCY JONES (1933- ): Garfield High School's musical prodigy has more Grammy nominations than anyone else in history. Jones has written film scores, sonatas and popular music, done arrangements for other artists and performed throughout the world with his own band and orchestra.", "Quincy Jones: When I was in France, Mandela asked me to come down. I’ve been involved with South Africa and Mandela for 30 years. It’s a way to really do something, whether it’s with Jesse Jackson — we helped him put together Operation Push in the ’70s, or with Dr. King in ’55. Malcolm X’s daughter is working for me now.", "Quincy Delight Jones, Jr. (born March 14, 1933), also known as \"Q\", is an American record producer, conductor, arranger, composer, musician, television producer, film producer, instrumentalist, magazine founder, entertainment company executive, and humanitarian. His career spans six decades in the entertainment industry and a record 79 Grammy Award nominations, and 28 Grammys, including a Grammy Legend Award in 1991.", "Johnny Jones was born on November 1, 1924, in Jackson, Mississippi. He followed the Southern migration to Chicago in 1946, and quickly became ensconced in the blues scene. In the Tampa Red band, he replaced Big Maceo Merriweather, who had suffered a disabling stroke. Backing Tampa Red on all of his subsequent RCA sides, he soon found himself in high demand. His rock-solid piano accompaniment can also be heard on records by Howlin' Wolf and Elmore James (where his work is especially notable); Jones also played a significant role in the success of Big Joe Turner's \"TV Mama\" session, which was recorded in Chicago with Elmore James and members of the Red Saunders band. Of Jones' solos work, blues maven Bill Dahl has opined, \"when he got the chance to sit behind a microphone, Jones' insinuating vocal delivery was equally enthralling.\" \"Big Town Playboy\" is the same song that Eddie Taylor later did for Vee-Jay . Jones would subsequently record extraordinary sides for Flair and Atlantic. He died in Chicago on 19 November 1964.", "The 1990s saw Jones become a popular music/popular culture mogul. He has always been acutely aware of the business side of music since his European tour fiasco-Irving Green taught him well during his A&R days for Mercury back in the early 1960s. Since the middle of the decade, he has been the owner of five separate enterprises: Qwest Records, a label concentrated on recording a variety of gospel, jazz, rap, and pop albums; Quincy Jones Music Publishing, a music company with a stable of talented songwriters, producers, and artists, representing music from Brazilian to pop to hip-hop. Quincy Jones Entertainment, Inc. (QJE), a joint enterprise with Time Warner, which has produced such television shows as The Fresh Prince Of Bel-Air, an enormous hit that made Will Smith a megastar; Vibe magazine, the hip-hop answer to Rolling Stone, jointly owned with Time Ventures and founded by Jones in 1992 because he thought Rolling Stone paid too little attention to black music and black youth culture; and Qwest Broadcasting, with the Tribune Company, which owns television stations in Atlanta and New Orleans.", "Yusuf Islam (born Steven Demetre Georgiou, 21 July 1948, in Marylebone, London, England), originally and commonly known by his former stage name Cat Stevens, is an English musician. He is a singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, educator, philanthropist, and prominent convert to Islam.", "Born Nickolas Ashford in Fairfield, South Carolina, in 1942, he grew up in Michigan. One of three brothers who all had careers in music, he first sang in the choir at Willow Run Baptist Church, where his yearning falsetto and ability to ad-lib drew plaudits. Gospel music remained a constant inspiration throughout his life. \"So much soul comes out of the Baptist church, it's so embedded in you,\" he said.", "At the age of 15, Casey Jones moved to Columbus, Kentucky, and began working as a telegrapher for the Mobile and Ohio railroad. In 1884, he moved to Jackson, Tennessee, where he was promoted at M&O to the position of flagman. While living in a boarding house in Jackson, Jones met and fell in love with Joanne \"Janie\" Brady, the daughter of a proprietor. The couple wed on November 26, 1886, and moved into a place of their own in Jackson. They would have two sons and a daughter together.", "Born Otis Redding Jr., on September 9, 1941, in Dawson, Georgia; died December 9,1967, in Lake Monona near Madison, Wisconsin; son of Otis Sr. (a part-time preacher); married Zelma Redding in 1959; children: Dexter, Karla, and Otis lll; Educai ion: attended Ballard High School, Macon, Georgia.", "In 1982, singer Donna Summer covers world-anthem \"State Of Independence\" on her album, “Donna Summer” produced by Quincy Jones. Summer's version of the song features an all-star choir including Michael Jackson, Brenda Russell, James Ingram, Dionne Warwick, Kenny Loggins, Michael McDonald, Lionel Richie, Christopher Cross, Dyan Cannon and Stevie Wonder. This song was originally written and recorded by Jon Anderson and Vangelis for their 1981 album, The Friends Of Mr. Cairo. It was cited by Quincy Jones as being the precursor to and inspiration for the 1985 'We are the world', written by Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie, and thematically, it is a spiritually-driven song about universal love, peace, and unity unfolding under God’s guiding truth.", "Little Johnny Jones - Died 11-19-1964 - Broncho-pneumonia ( Blues ) Born 11-1-1924 in Jackson, Mississippi, U.S. (He did,\"Big Town Playboy\" and \"Shelby County Blues\").", "In 1957, Quincy decided to continue his musical education by studying with Nadia Boulanger, the legendary Parisian tutor to American expatriate composers such as Leonard Bernstein and Aaron Copeland. To subsidize his studies he took a job with Barclay Disques, Mercury’s French distributor. Among the artists he recorded in Europe were Charles Aznavour, Jacques Brel and Henri Salvador, as well as such visitors from America as Sarah Vaughan, Billy Eckstine and Andy Williams. Quincy’s love affair with European audiences continues through the present: in 1991, he began a continuing association with the Montreux Jazz and World Music Festival, which he serves as co-", "The all-time most nominated Grammy artist, with a total of 79 nominations and 28 awards, Quincy Jones has also received an Emmy Award, seven Oscar nominations, and the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award. His life and career were chronicled in 1990 in the critically acclaimed Warner Bros. film Listen Up: The Lives of Quincy Jones. In 2001, he published Q: The Autobiography of Quincy Jones. A richly illustrated volume of reflections on his life and career, The Complete Quincy Jones: My Journey & Passions, followed in 2008. Two years later, he released his first new album in 15 years, Soul Bossa Nostra, featuring an all-star cast of contemporary pop, R&B and hip-hop artists in what Quincy Jones calls “a family celebration.” In 2013, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.", "John Lee Hooker (August 22, 1917 – June 21, 2001) was an American blues singer-songwriter and guitarist, born near Clarksdale, Mississippi.", "*March 14 – Record producer Quincy Jones receives a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.", "1. Wide of Quincy Jones talking to reporter on the arrivals line at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction event", "For television, Quincy wrote the theme music for Ironside (the first synthesizer-based TV theme song), Sanford and Son, and The Bill Cosby Show. The 1960s and ’70s were also years of social activism for Quincy Jones. He was a major supporter of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s Operation Breadbasket, an effort to promote economic development in the inner cities. After Dr. King’s death, Quincy Jones served on the board of Rev. Jesse Jackson’s People United to Save Humanity (PUSH).", "Quincy Jones: In 1947 we got our first job for seven dollars, and the year after that we played with Billie Holiday, you know, with the Bumps Blackwell-Charlie Taylor band, and our confidence was building, because we danced and we sang and we played all — we played modern jazz, we played schottisches, pop music at the white tennis clubs: “Room Full of Roses,” and “To Each His Own,” and all those things. And we played the black clubs at ten o’clock, and played rhythm and blues, and for strippers, and we’d do comedy and everything else. At 3:00 o’clock in the morning we’d go down to Jackson Street in the red light district and play be-bop free all night because that was really what we really wanted to play, like Charlie Parker, Miles Davis and Dizzy and all those people, and they’d come through town. And in the following year Bobby Tucker — who was Billie Holiday’s musical director — came back, and he liked what we did evidently, and we played with Billy Eckstine, and then Cab Calloway came through and we opened for Cab Calloway. So, our confidence was very strong.", "In 1972 he stepped away from the recording studio for a moment to help organize Chicago’s Black EXPO (an offshoot of Operation PUSH) with Jesse Jackson, who had become a good friend. Certainly because of the character of the time, Jones became firmly committed to the historical preservation of black music, helping to organize seminars on the subject as early as the 1970 Black EXPO. During this period, he was also involved in forming the Institute of Black American Music and spoke of starting a project that would chronicle the history of black music from Africa to the Americas, ancient to modern times. To deepen his knowledge, he was seriously and assiduously researching black music.", "Quincy Jones signed me as an artist, when I was 16 years old. Had I chosen that path, I think I would have had some success in that area. But I also don’t discount what they’re saying. I think we benefited, and got to do things you wouldn’t normally get to do.", "In the summer of 1965, in order to keep up with customer demand for records by the Beatles, the wildly popular English band, Capitol Records opened a vinyl record pressing plant on the western outskirts of Jacksonville, at 1 Capitol Way. The plant produced a number of highly collectible pressings. This plant eventually served the Capitol Records Club, producing vinyl LPs and later audiocassettes, CDs, and DVDs of a number of artists. ", "Quincy Jones: \"I don't put any smile on. No, no way. Not even close to a smile, I (scowls).\"", "Here a couple of pictures of the Brody House, which was designed by A. Quincy Jones in 1949:", "Joe Jones - a musician-turned producer who sang the 1961 Billboard #3 hit \"You Talk Too Much\" and went on to become an independent music publisher and advocate for black artists' rights, died on November 27 th, 2005. He was 79" ]

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[ "NorOntair is a defunct airline from Canada that operated its first scheduled flight October 18, 1971 and its last flight March 29, 1996.", "SAS Braathens was the name of the national airline of Norway but since 2007 its official name is SAS Scandinavian Airlines Norge and has its base at Oslo Airport, Gardermoen (OSL), 50 kilometres north of the capital. Destinations with the Norwegian branche of SAS are Amsterdam , Athens , Barcelona , Berlin , Brussels , Copenhagen , Crete , Dublin , Düsseldorf , Frankfurt , Lisbon , London , Madrid , Milan , Paris , Reykjavík, Rome , Stockholm -Arlanda, Venice , and Zürich , among others. Norwegian Air Shuttle is a low cost airline flying from here to several dozens of cities throughout Europe as well. Most European airlines fly to Oslo directly and Pakistan Airlines flies to and from three destinations in Pakistan , being one of a few non European airlines.", "KLM Royal Dutch Airlines (English for Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij. correct me if i'm wrong Airbuster) is the national airline of the Netherlands and is part of Air France-KLM. Based in Amstelveen, the Netherlands. It operates domestic and worldwide scheduled passenger and cargo services to more than 90 destinations. Its main base is Amsterdam Schiphol Airport. KLM is the oldest airline in the world still operating under its original name. It has 30,118 employees (as of June 2008 ) And was founded in October 7 1919. ( sorry for repeating what you said CARST but seems right just to add that on)", "KLM (Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij) is the national air carrier of the Netherlands, its name is literally translated as Royal Aviation Company but more usually as Royal Dutch Airlines. Founded on 7 October 1919, KLM is the oldest airline in the world still operating under its original name.", "Maersk decided to look for possibilities to fly international routes. The first non-SAS international concession was in 1981 granted to Air Business from Esbjerg via Thistedt to Stavanger Airport, Sola in Norway, using an Embraer Bandeirante. Maersk Air bought the company in 1984 and bought two Short 360s. Soon the a change to the concession was granted allowing the flight to operate from Aalborg instead of Thistedt, allowing for a greater catchment of passengers. The airline was kept as a regional subsidiary and took the name Maersk Commuter in 1988. It was dissolved in 1990.Ellemose: 91", "Ryanair is Europe's largest low-fare airline and based in Ireland. This is a public listed company who are trade on Dublin, London and New York (NASDAQ) Stock Exchange stocks. It is committed to low cost airfares and introducing competition to the European flag airlines and air transport market growing alliance. It has the ability to provide passengers with the industry's lowest fare is dependent to a large extent, the low cost and high efficiency of the airport.(RYANAIR LIMITED 2007)", "Headquartered in Amstelveen, KLM Royal Dutch Airlines is the flag carrier airline of the Netherlands. The airline, part of the Air France KLM group and Skyteam allinace, alone operates 118 aircraft, 3 more aircraft than in 2014. Its fleet consists of 8 different types of aircraft with Boeing, Airbus and McDonnell Douglas. ", "In 1992, British Airways expanded through the acquisition of the financially troubled Dan-Air , giving BA a much larger presence at Gatwick airport. In March 1993, British Asia Airways, a subsidiary based in Taiwan, was formed to operate between London and Taipei. Additionally in 1993, BA purchased a 25% stake in Australian airline Qantas in March, and acquired Brymon Airways in May to form BA Connect . [9] In September 1998, British Airways, along with American Airlines , Cathay Pacific , Qantas , and Canadian Airlines , formed the Oneworld airline alliance . Oneworld began operations on 1 February 1999, it is one of the largest airline alliances in the world, behind only SkyTeam and Star Alliance. [7]", "ANA's other ancestor was . Although it was founded on 26 December 1952, one day before NH, it did not begin operations until 20 January 1954, when it began night cargo runs between Osaka and Tokyo, also using a de Havilland Dove. It adopted the DC-3 in early 1957, by which point its route network extended through southern Japan from Tokyo to Kagoshima.", "The letters most commonly associated with the history of Dutch aviation are \"K.L.M.,\" which stand for Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij voor Nederland an Kolonien (\"Royal Dutch Airlines\" in English). By the end of the 20th century, KLM had become one of world's largest airlines in terms of routes served. KLM also has the distinction of being the world's oldest airline that is still operating, as well as the longest continually operating airline.", "From 1974, Air France began shifting the bulk of operations to the new Charles de Gaulle Airport north of Paris. By the early 1980s, only Corsica, Martinique, Guadeloupe, most services to French Guyana, Réunion, the Maghreb region, Eastern Europe (except the USSR), Southern Europe (except Greece and Italy), and one daily service to New York (JFK) remained at Orly. In 1974, Air France also became the world's first operator of the Airbus A300 twin-engine widebody plane, Airbus Industrie's first commercial airliner for which it was a launch customer. ", "KLM Royal Dutch Airlines was founded in 1919, making it the world’s oldest airline operating under its original name. In 2004 Air France and KLM merged to form AIR FRANCE KLM. The merger produced the strongest European airline group based on two powerful brand names and hubs – Amsterdam Airport Schiphol and Paris-Charles de Gaulle. The two airlines collaborate in three core activities whilst maintaining their own identities – passenger transport, cargo transport, and aircraft maintenance.", "With the advent of jets with longer range in the 1960s most flights no longer needed to refuel. Gander has decreased in importance, but it remains the home of Gander Control , one of the two air traffic controls (the other being Shanwick Oceanic Control in western Ireland) which direct the high-level airways of the North Atlantic. Most aircraft travelling to and from Europe or North America must talk to either or both of these air traffic controls (ATC). Some commercial transatlantic flights still use Gander as a refuelling stop - most notably some American legacy carriers ( United Airlines and Delta Air Lines in particular) who use the Boeing 757 to connect smaller European cities with their major US hubs. [17] The 757 is particularly vulnerable in this respect as it was not originally designed for use on transatlantic routes. [18] This practice has been controversial, since strong headwinds over the Atlantic Ocean during the winter months can result in the flights being declared \"minimum fuel\", forcing a refuelling stop at Gander in order to safely complete their journey. [19]", "Pan American World Airways, known from its founding until 1950 as Pan American Airways and commonly known as Pan Am, was the principal and largest international air carrier in the United States from 1927 until its collapse on December 4, 1991. Founded in 1927 as a scheduled air mail and passenger service operating between Key West, Florida, and Havana, Cuba, the airline became a major company credited with many innovations that shaped the international airline industry, including the widespread use of jet aircraft, jumbo jets, and computerized reservation systems. It was also a founding member of the International Air Transport Association (IATA), the global airline industry association. Identified by its blue globe logo (\"The Blue Meatball\"), the use of the word \"Clipper\" in aircraft names and call signs, and the white pilot uniform caps, the airline was a cultural icon of the 20th century. In an era dominated by flag carriers that were wholly or majority government-owned, it was also the unofficial overseas flag carrier of the United States. During most of the jet era, Pan Am's flagship terminal was the Worldport located at John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City.", "August 1968 saw the establishment of its first overseas base at Tegel Airport in what used to be West Berlin . The company had up to three BAC One-Elevens stationed there [17] until 1981 when these aircraft were replaced with one of its three newly acquired Airbus A300 B4 series widebodies , at the time the largest aircraft operated out of any Berlin airport. [18] [19] Its Berlin operation was staffed by 90, mainly local workers. Throughout this period, it carried thousands of holidaymakers from the Western parts of the formerly divided German capital to resorts in the Mediterranean and Canary Islands.", "Aer Lingus, Aeromexico, Air France, Air Transat, Alitalia, American (incl. Eagle), British Airways, Caribbean, Cathay Pacific, China Eastern, Condor, Cubana, Delta (incl. Connection), El Al, Finnair, Fly Jamaica, Hainan, Iberia, Icelandair, KLM, Korean Air, Miami Air, Pakistan International, Philippine, Qantas, SATA International, Saudia, WestJet (incl. Encore), WOW Air", "After an airline recession and the effects on the airline industry of September 11, 2001, all airlines that flew across the Atlantic suffered badly. Interesting to note, however, was the unwillingness of the board to enter into talks with Dutch flag carrier KLM because of the language difference between KLM and the bosses at SABENA, which until the end remained one of the last bastions of French domination in Belgium.", "KLM, abbreviation of Koninklijke Luchtvaartmaatschappij NV (Dutch: Royal Air Transportation Company), English: Royal Dutch Airlines, Dutch airline founded on Oct. 7, 1919, and flying its first scheduled service, between Amsterdam and London , on May 17, 1920. Until its merger with Air France in 2004, it was the world’s oldest continuously operating airline. Headquarters are at Amstelveen , Neth.", "Ryanair flies to 22 countries, 132 destinations across Europe, it being the continents low cost airline with the most extended network.", "On 30 July 2008, British Airways and Iberia, a Spanish fellow Oneworld partner, announced a merger plan; the two airlines would retain their original brands, similar to KLM and Air France in their merger agreement. [15] An agreement to merge was confirmed in April 2010. [16] In July 2010, the European Commission and US Department of Transport permitted the merger and to co-ordinate transatlantic routes with American Airlines. [17] [18] On 6 October 2010, the alliance between British Airways, American Airlines and Iberia formally began operations; the alliance generates an estimated £230 million annual cost-saving for BA, in addition to £330 million by the Iberia merge. [19] [20]", "The nation's domestic air travel industry is dominated by state-owned Olympic Airlines [15] and its growing competitor, Aegean Airlines [16] . Both airlines offer an extensive route network within the country, including service connecting several islands to the mainland.", "In October 1928, the Dutch established a company known as the Royal Dutch Indies Airlines (known by the abbreviation KNILM) with strong connections to KLM for passenger service to east Asia and Australia. KNILM faced stiff opposition from Britain's Imperial Airways and through the next decade, the two Dutch airlines fought hard with Imperial Airways to dominate the air routes into Asia. The British, with their huge empire, were able to block the Dutch in key routes by denying them the passage of \"overflight\" or by cooperative agreements with other national airlines to prevent KLM from taking business away from Imperial Airways.", "One of the most noteworthy episodes in KLM's history was the battle with Imperial Airways to dominate the far reaches of the Dutch and British colonial empires in the mid-1930s. The competition began a decade earlier when both companies explored possible routes into Asia. The British were initially stalled in their goals of further expansion because Imperial Airways already had commitments to serve a large number of points across Asia�all of which included passenger, mail, and freight services and its resources were stretched to the limit. As a result, the airline could not offer the kind of reliable and high quality service that KLM could provide to a few key locations in Asia. KLM focused all its resources on a few important routes, especially those to the Dutch East Indies. Perhaps the most famous day in the early history of KLM was October 1, 1931, when the airline began regular passenger service between Amsterdam and Batavia (now known as Jakarta in Indonesia) using Fokker F.12 aircraft fitted with four luxury seats. The trip lasted 10 entire days, including 81 hours of flying time. It was the longest regularly scheduled flight offered by any airline in the world.", "The north Atlantic is one of the most lucrative and highly competitive airline markets in the world. Since the late 1940s, numerous airlines have attempted, with varying degrees of success, to operate profitable commercial services on routes between Europe and North America.", "* Northwest Airlines (formed in 1926, merged into Delta in 2010. Also known as Northwest Orient Airlines from 1950-1986)", "ANA also has a long historical relationship with Nippon Cargo Airlines , a Narita-based operator of Boeing 747 freighters. ANA co-founded NCA with shipping company Nippon Yusen in 1978, and at one time held 27.5% of NCA's stock. ANA sold its stake to NYK in 2005, but retained a technical partnership with NCA. [52] ANA announced in July 2013 that it would charter NCA's 747 freighter aircraft for an overnight cargo run between Narita and Okinawa, doubling capacity between ANA's key cargo hubs and freeing up 767 aircraft to operate new routes from Okinawa to Nagoya and Qingdao. [53]", "Deregulation of the European Union airspace in the early 1990s has had substantial effect on the structure of the industry there. The shift towards 'budget' airlines on shorter routes has been significant. Airlines such as EasyJet and Ryanair have often grown at the expense of the traditional national airlines.", "ANA also has a long historical relationship with Nippon Cargo Airlines, a Narita-based operator of Boeing 747 freighters. ANA co-founded NCA with shipping company Nippon Yusen in 1978, and at one time held 27.5% of NCA's stock. ANA sold its stake to NYK in 2005, but retained a technical partnership with NCA. ANA announced in July 2013 that it would charter NCA's 747 freighter aircraft for an overnight cargo run between Narita and Okinawa, doubling capacity between ANA's key cargo hubs and freeing up 767 aircraft to operate new routes from Okinawa to Nagoya and Qingdao. ", "ANA's earliest ancestor was , an airline company founded on 27 December 1952. Nippon Helicopter was the source of what would later be ANA's IATA airline code, NH.", "The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) was founded with the signing of the Convention on International Civil Aviation on December 7, 1944. A specialized agency of the United Nations, it sets international standards and regulations necessary for the safety, security, efficiency and regularity of air transport and serves as the medium for cooperation in all fields of civil aviation among is 188 Contracting States.", "On this day, May 15, 1930, Ellen Church became the first the world’s first airline stewardess, aboard a Boeing Air Transport (the precursor to the modern United Airlines) flight from Oakland, California, to Chicago, Illinois.", "1930: Ellen Church becomes first airline stewardess (United Airlines flight from San Francisco to Cheyenne, Wyo)" ]

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[ "When the North Vietnamese fired directly upon two U.S. ships in international waters on August 2 and 4, 1964 (known as the Gulf of Tonkin Incident ), Congress responded with the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution. This resolution gave the President the authority to escalate U.S. involvement in Vietnam.", "Beginning in 1950, American military advisors arrived in what was then French Indochina. The Military Assistance Advisory Group, Indochina (with an authorized strength of 128 men) was set up in September 1950 with a mission to oversee the use and distribution of US military equipment by the French and their allies. U.S. involvement escalated in the early 1960s, with troop levels tripling in 1961 and again in 1962. U.S. involvement escalated further following the 1964 Gulf of Tonkin incident, in which a U.S. destroyer clashed with North Vietnamese fast attack craft, which was followed by the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which gave the U.S. president authorization to increase U.S. military presence. Regular U.S. combat units were deployed beginning in 1965. Operations crossed international borders: bordering areas of Laos and Cambodia were heavily bombed by U.S. forces as American involvement in the war peaked in 1968, the same year that the communist side launched the Tet Offensive. The Tet Offensive failed in its goal of overthrowing the South Vietnamese government, but became the turning point in the war, as it persuaded a large segment of the U.S. population that its government's claims of progress toward winning the war were illusory despite many years of massive U.S. military aid to South Vietnam.", "In August 1964, a small military engagement off the coast of North Vietnam helped escalate the involvement of the United States in Vietnam; the Vietnam War would become the longest military engagement in American history prior to the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. Many historians now agree that the Gulf of Tonkin incident, in which many believed North Vietnamese ships had attacked American naval forces, may not have occurred in the way it was described at the time. The decisions made by President Lyndon B. Johnson and his top advisors, and the Congressional debate that ensued, resulted in a resolution giving LBJ authority to pursue a military policy in Vietnam that many people have come to believe was flawed and misguided. ", "On July 27, 1964, 5,000 additional U.S. military advisers were ordered to the Republic of Vietnam (RVN or South Vietnam), bringing the total American troop level to 21,000. Shortly thereafter an incident occurred off the coast of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) that was destined to escalate the conflict to new levels and lead to the full scale Americanization of the war.", "Following President Kennedy's assassination in November of 1963, President Lyndon Baines Johnson was debating the issuance of a more aggressive approach in order to stabilize the south. The expansion of the U.S. involvement in South Vietnam became justified when on August 2, 1964, the Communist attacked an U.S. Navy vessel, patrolling in the Gulf of Tonkin.", "Late in 1961 the Viet Cong began assuming a predominant presence, initially seizing the provincial capital of Phuoc Vinh.[94] Kennedy increased the number of helicopters, military advisors, and undeclared U.S. Special Forces in the area, but he was reluctant to order a full scale deployment of troops.[95][96] Kennedy formally authorized escalated involvement when he signed the \"National Security Action Memorandum – Subversive Insurgency (War of Liberation)\" in early 1962.[97] Secretary of State Dean Rusk voiced strong support for U.S. involvement.[98] \"Operation Ranch Hand\", a large-scale aerial defoliation effort, began on the roadsides of South Vietnam.[99][b]", "In the 1960s, the NSA played a key role in expanding America's commitment to the Vietnam War by providing evidence of a North Vietnamese attack on the American destroyer during the Gulf of Tonkin incident. ", "The event known as the \"My Lai Massacre\" was one of the darkest moments of the vietnam war, and further fueled the already growing anti-war movement in the United States. On March 16, 1968, U.S. Army troops murdered more than 300 unarmed Vietnamese women, children, and elderly persons. When the facts of the massacre became known, war crime charges were brought against 30 soldiers, and there was a marked increase in both domestic and foreign pressure to end the war.", "also known as the USS Maddox Incident, is the name given to two separate confrontations involving North Vietnam and the United States in the waters of the Gulf of Tonkin, later declassified and admitted to be a false flag operation carried out by the CIA to have an excuse to go to war in Vietnam. Codename: Operation Northwoods. On August, 2nd 1964, the destroyer USS Maddox, while performing a signals intelligence patrol as part of DESOTO operations, engaged three North Vietnamese Navy torpedo boats of the 135th Torpedo Squadron. The outcome of these two incidents was the passage by Congress of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which granted President Lyndon B. Johnson the authority to assist any Southeast Asian country whose government was considered to be jeopardized by \"communist aggression.\" The resolution served as Johnson's legal justification for deploying US conventional forces and the commencement of open warfare against North Vietnam.", "U.S. involvement in Southeast Asia began to increase during the Kennedy administration. Kennedy agreed to send U.S. advisers to help the South Vietnamese government fight Communist rebels. In 1963, the United States became involved in overthrowing the corrupt and unscrupulous South Vietnamese government of President Ngo Dinh Diem.", "The United States involvement in the Vietnam Conflict or Second Indochina War officially began on the first of November in 1955 with the arrival of the U.S. Military Assistance Advisory Group (M.A.A.G.) in South Vietnam to help train the South Vietnamese military after the French left the conflict. While the date of the true beginning of the Vietnam War could be debated as earlier or later, November 1, 1955 is the earliest date that the United States government uses to qualify a member of the military as being a veteran of the Vietnam War. The war in Vietnam would last until April 30, 1975 when the last of the U.S. military left the embassy in Saigon, making the total length of the United States' involvement in the war nearly twenty years.", "Meanwhile, combat raged in South Vietnam. Over 14,000 Americans were killed in action in Vietnam in 1968, the highest annual U.S. death toll of the war. The worst U.S. war crime of the conflict occurred on 16 March 1968 (although not revealed in the press until 6 November 1969) when American infantrymen massacred some 500 unresisting civilians, including babies, in the village of My Lai . In April and May 1968 the largest ground operation of the war, with 110,000 U.S. and ARVN troops, targeted Vietcong and NVA forces near Saigon. Peace talks began in Paris on 13 May but immediately deadlocked. On 10 June 1968, Gen. Creighton Abrams succeeded Westmoreland as MACV commander. In the fall Abrams began to shift U.S. strategy from attrition to a greater emphasis on combined operations, pacification area security, and what was called “Vietnamization,” that is, preparing the ARVN to do more of the fighting.", "The USA’s intervention in the internal affairs of the countries of Indochina after the end of the war in 1954 again exacerbated the situation in Southeast Asia. Through the efforts of the USSR, a conference on Laos was convened, which resulted in the Geneva Agreements of 1962; the agreements were violated by the USA, however, and military operations in Laos were resumed. In 1964 the USA undertook open aggression in Vietnam; in 1970 the war was expanded into Cambodia.", "However, Nixon, at the same time, secretly escalated the war into Cambodia and Laos in 1970 and 1971 respectively in an attempt to destroy North Vietnamese supply through the Ho Chi Minh Trail to South Vietnam. Fallout from these incursions caused massive protests, which even escalated to violence at Kent State University on May 4, 1970.", "As the Buddhist crisis deepened in July 1963, non-communist Vietnamese nationalists and the military began preparations for a coup. Bùi Diễm, later South Vietnam's Ambassador to the United States, reported in his memoirs that General Lê Văn Kim requested his aid in learning what the United States might do about Diệm's government. Diễm had contacts in both the embassy and with the high-profile American journalists then in South Vietnam, David Halberstam (New York Times), Neil Sheehan (United Press International) and Malcolm Browne (Associated Press). ", "March 16, 1968 - During the Vietnam War , the My Lai Massacre occurred as American soldiers of Charlie Company murdered 504 Vietnamese men, women, and children. Twenty-five U.S. Army officers were later charged with complicity in the massacre and subsequent cover-up, but only one was convicted, and later pardoned by President Richard Nixon.", "            This is what happened in the afternoon of August 2. The U.S. imperialists are raising a hue and cry about what they call \"an unprovoked attack by three torpedo boats of North Viet Nam\". They have made such clamors to cover their own acts of provocation and sabotage, their violation of the territorial waters and airspace and their encroachment on the sovereignty and territory of the Democratic Republic of Viet Nam.", "During the year rumors begin to circulate about a massacre of Vietnamese committed by U.S. troops; in September Army Lieutenant William Calley is arrested secretly and charged with 109 murders of Vietnamese civilians. During October the first reports of a massacre at the village of My Lai are published in over thirty newspapers. This causes considerable turmoil and strengthens Anti-War sentiment.", "1959 – At the 15th plenum of the Central Committee, North Vietnam’s leaders decide to formally take control of the growing insurgency in the South. The tempo of war speeds up as more southern cadre members infiltrate back to the South along an improved Ho Chi Minh Trail. Although infiltration from the North began in 1955, not until 1959 does the CIA pick up evidence of large-scale infiltration. Hanoi’s decisions of this month along with the troop movements in preparation for an October offensive are viewed by intelligence in Washington as the beginnings of the North Vietnamese intervention.", "In March 1970 the fall of Prince Norodom Sihanouk in Cambodia destroyed the fragile neutrality of that state, as his successor Lon Nol demanded the North Vietnamese withdraw from their base camps along the South Vietnamese border. The North Vietnamese reacted by extending their presence toward the west. Nixon responded by ordering a US-South Vietnamese “incursion” into Cambodia on April 30. Limited by Nixon to a 30-kilometer strip along the border, and limited in time to the end of June, this action sparked violent protests on campuses across the United States. These culminated in the deaths of four students at Kent State University on May 4. The incursion into the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) base camps yielded a great quantity of rice, weapons, and ammunition, and disrupted the North Vietnamese command and logistics structures for months, buying time for Vietnamization and further U.S. troop withdrawals.", "On the night of January 31, 1968 the North Vietnamese army and the NLF launched the Tet Offensive. The NLF broke the truce they had made for the New Year festivities and fought its way into more than one hundred cities, including the South Vietnamese capital of Saigon. Throughout the country provincial capitals were seized, garrisons simultaneously attacked. Vietnamese irregular soldiers stormed the highland towns of Banmethout, Kontum and Pleiku, they then simultaneously invaded 13 of the 16 provincial capitals of the heavily populated Mekong Delta. The dimension and sweep of the offensive astonished US army generals, one of whom commented that tracking the assault pattern on a map was like a \"pinball machine, lighting up with each raid.\"", "In 1963, Ngo Dinh Diem was assassinated in a coup d'état carried out by ARVN officers led by Duong Van Minh ('Big Minh'), supported by the CIA. In the confusion that followed Big Minh took power, but was only the first in a succession of ARVN generals to assume the presidency of South Vietnam in a period of intense political instability. During these years, the United States began taking full control of the war against the NLF and the role of the ARVN became less and less significant. They were also plagued by continuing problems of severe corruption among the officer corps. Although the U.S. was highly critical of them, the ARVN continued to be entirely U.S. armed and funded.", "Having lured General Westmoreland’s forces into the hinterland at Khe Sanh in Quang Tri Province, in January 1968, the PVA and NLF broke the truce that had traditionally accompanied the Tết (Lunar New Year) holiday. They launched the surprise Tet Offensive in the hope of sparking a national uprising. Over 100 cities were attacked, with assaults on General Westmoreland’s headquarters and the U.S. embassy in Saigon.", "My Lai Massacre was one of the most infamous events of the Vietnam War. My Lai Massacre took place on 16th March 1968.", "May 5, 1968 - Viet Cong launch \"Mini Tet,\" a series of rocket and mortar attacks against Saigon and 119 cities and military installations throughout South Vietnam. The U.S. responds with air strikes using Napalm and high explosives.", "1968: Tet Offensive ; demonstrations against the war started in America; My Lai massacre; peace talks began in Paris; 540,000 US troops in", "The Vietnam War and the My Lai Massacre | The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History", "name given to two separate confrontations involving North Vietnam and the United States in the waters of the Gulf of Tonkin", "* July 8 – U.S. military personnel announce that U.S. casualties in Vietnam have risen to 1,387, including 399 dead and 17 MIA.", "July 8 – U.S. military personnel announce that U.S. casualties in Vietnam have risen to 1,387, including 399 dead and 17 MIA.", "30 Mar 72 - The North Vietnamese launch a major offensive across the DMZ, the biggest since Tet 1968. In retaliation, Nixon orders the bombing of the  Hanoi and Haiphong area", "In January 1968 North Vietnamese troops launched a major attack at Khe Sanh in the Demilitarised Zone. This battle, the single largest of the war, was in part a massive diversion to draw attention away from the Tet Offensive." ]

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[ "Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American recording artist, entertainer and businessman. The seventh child of the Jackson family, he made his debut as an entertainer in 1968 as a member of The Jackson 5. He then began a solo career in 1971 while still a member of the group, and that successful career led to him being dubbed the \"King of Pop\"[1] in subsequent years. Jackson's 1982 album Thriller remains the world's best-selling album of all time,[2] and four of his other solo studio albums are among the world's best-selling records: Off the Wall (1979), Bad (1987), Dangerous (1991) and HIStory (1995).", "Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American recording artist, entertainer and businessman. The seventh child of the Jackson family, he made his debut onto the professional music scene in 1968 at the age of 11 as a member of The Jackson 5. He then began a solo career in 1971 while still a member of the group. Referred to as the \"King of Pop\"[2] in subsequent years, his 1982 album Thriller remains the world's best-selling album of all time[3] and four of his other solo studio albums are among the world's best-selling records: Off the Wall (1979), Bad (1987), Dangerous (1991) and HIStory (1995).", "In the UK, on the Sunday following his death, his albums occupied 14 of the top 20 places on the Amazon.co.uk sales chart, with Off the Wall at the top. Number Ones reached the top of the UK Album Chart, and his studio albums occupied number two to number eight on the iTunes Music Store top albums. Six of his songs charted in the top 40: \"Man in the Mirror\" (11), \"Thriller\" (23), \"Billie Jean\" (25), \"Smooth Criminal\" (28)\", \"Beat It\" (30), and \"Earth Song\" (38). The following Sunday, 13 of Jackson's songs charted in the top 40, including \"Man in the Mirror\", which landed the number two spot. He broke Ruby Murray's 1955 record of five songs in the top 30. The Essential Michael Jackson topped the album chart, giving Jackson a second number one album in as many weeks. He had five of the top ten albums in the album chart. In third week sales, The Essential Michael Jackson retained the number one position and Jackson held three other positions within the top five. By August 3, Jackson had sold 2 million records and spent six consecutive weeks atop the album chart. He retained the top spot on the album chart for a seventh consecutive week. ", "In March 1991, Jackson renewed his contract with Sony for $65 million, a record-breaking deal at the time,[157] displacing Neil Diamond 's renewal contract with Columbia Records .[158] In 1991, he released his eighth album, Dangerous , co-produced with Teddy Riley .[159] Dangerous was certified seven times platinum in the U.S., and by 2008 had sold approximately 30 million copies worldwide.[160][161] In the United States, the album's first single \" Black or White \" was its biggest hit, reaching number one on the Billboard Hot 100 and remaining there for seven weeks, with similar chart performances worldwide.[162] The album's second single, \" Remember the Time \", spent eight weeks in the top five in the United States, peaking at number three on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart.[163] At the end of 1992, Dangerous was awarded the best-selling album of the year worldwide and \"Black or White\" was awarded best-selling single of the year worldwide at the Billboard Music Awards. Jackson also won an award as best-selling artist of the 1980s.[164] In 1993, he performed the song at the Soul Train Music Awards in a chair, saying he had suffered an injury in rehearsals.[165] In the UK and other parts of Europe, \" Heal the World \" was the album's most successful song; it sold 450,000 copies in the UK and spent five weeks at number two in 1992.[163]", "After Jackson's early 1982 contribution, \"Someone In the Dark\", to the blockbuster film E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, which nabbed him a Grammy for Best Album for Children,[28] Epic issued his second album, Thriller. In what would turn out to be the apex of his career, the album remained in the top 10 of the Billboard 200 for 80 consecutive weeks, 37 at the peak. Seven singles from Thriller concurrently hit the Billboard Hot 100 top 10, including \"Billie Jean\", \"Beat It\" and \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'\".[29] Thriller went on to sell upwards of 109 million copies, making it the best-selling album of all time,[30][31][3][32] causing Jackson biographer J. Randy Taraborrelli to muse that \"at some point, Thriller stopped selling like a leisure itemâ€â€like a magazine, a toy, tickets to a hit movieâ€â€and started selling like a household staple.\"[33]", "At Number 3, with 224,000 downloads, is Billie Jean. Also taken from Thriller, the track became Michael’s second UK Number 1 solo single in January, 1983. The Top 5 is completed by Smooth Criminal (189,000 downloads) and Beat It (171,000 downloads).", "In March 1991, Jackson renewed his contract with Sony for $100 million, a record-breaking deal at the time, displacing Neil Diamond's renewal contract with Columbia Records.[91] He released his eighth album Dangerous in 1991. As of 2008, Dangerous had shipped seven million copies in the U.S. and had sold 32 million copies worldwide. The Dangerous album was co-produced by Teddy Riley, one of the pioneers of \"new jack swing\" and it turned out to be the best-selling album associated with that movement.[92][93][94] In the United States, the album's first single \"Black or White\" was its biggest hit, reaching number one on the Billboard Hot 100 and remaining there for seven weeks, with similar chart performances worldwide.[95] The album's second single \"Remember the Time\" spent eight weeks in the top five in the United States, peaking at number three on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart.[96] At the end of 1992, Dangerous was awarded 1992's best-selling album worldwide and \"Black or White\" was awarded 1992's best-selling single worldwide at the Billboard Music Awards. Additionally, he won an award as best-selling artist of the '80s.[97] In 1993, Jackson performed the song at the Soul Train Awards in a chair, saying he had suffered an injury in rehearsals.[98] In the UK and other parts of Europe, \"Heal the World\" was the biggest hit from the album; it sold 450,000 copies in the UK and spent five weeks at number two in 1992.[96]", "Michael Jackson should be number 1 in the 80s. Thriller sold 65-110 million copies and bad sold around 40 million no other singer could match them sales.", "Michael Joseph Jackson (born August 29; 1958) is an American musician and entertainer. The seventh child of the Jackson family; he debuted on the professional music scene at the age of eleven as a member of The Jackson 5. Jackson began a solo career in 1971 while still a member of the group. In the early 1980s; he became a dominant figure in popular music as the first African-American entertainer to amass a strong crossover following on MTV. Referred to as the King of Pop in subsequent years; five of his solo studio albums have become some of the worlds best-selling records: Off the Wall (1979); Thriller (1982); Bad (1987); Dangerous (1991) and HIStory (1995). \"We Are the World\" is a 1985 song written by Michael Jackson and Lionel Ritchie, produced and conducted by Quincy Jones and recorded by a supergroup of 45 popular musicians billed as USA for Africa (United Support of Artists for Africa). The charity single was intended to raise funds to help famine-relief efforts in Ethiopia, which had experienced unusual drought and political instability in 1984/1985. The song was inspired by the charity single \"Do They Know It's Christmas?\" which had been.", "In December 1982, Jackson released his second Epic album, Thriller, which became the best-selling album in music history. The album spawned seven hit singles, including \" Billie Jean \" (which was the first music video by a black artist to receive regular airplay on MTV ), \" Beat It \" and the album's title track which was accompanied by a revolutionary music video . The thirteen-minute \" Thriller \" was critically acclaimed, and massive airplay lead to it being packaged with the featurette \"Making Michael Jackson's \"Thriller\" on VHS , where it became the best-selling music home video ever. [15] Thriller spent 37 weeks at number-one and remained on the Billboard album chart for 122 weeks. It was eventually certified 27x Platinum in the United States . [16]", "In June 1975, the Jackson 5 signed with Epic Records , a subsidiary of CBS Records [12] and renamed themselves the Jacksons. Younger brother Randy formally joined the band around this time, while Jermaine left to pursue a solo career. [13] They continued to tour internationally, releasing six more albums between 1976 and 1984, during which Jackson was the lead songwriter, writing hits such as \" Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground) \", \" This Place Hotel ,\" and \" Can You Feel It \". [10] In 1978, he starred as the scarecrow in the musical, The Wiz , a box-office disaster. It was here that he teamed up with Quincy Jones , who was arranging the film's musical score. Jones agreed to produce Jackson's next solo album, Off the Wall . [14] In 1979, Jackson broke his nose during a complex dance routine. His subsequent rhinoplasty was not a complete success; he complained of breathing difficulties that would affect his career. He was referred to Dr. Steven Hoefflin , who performed Jackson's second rhinoplasty and subsequent operations. [15]", "In March 1991, Jackson renewed his contract with Sony for $100 million, a record-breaking deal at the time, displacing Neil Diamond's renewal contract with Columbia Records.[85] He released his eighth album Dangerous in 1991. As of 2008, Dangerous had shipped seven million copies in the U.S. and had sold 32 million copies worldwide. The Dangerous album was co-produced by Teddy Riley, one of the pioneers of \"new jack swing\" and it turned out to be the best-selling album associated with that movement. In the United States, the album's first single \"Black or White\" was its biggest hit, reaching number one on the Billboard Hot 100 and remaining there for seven weeks, with similar chart performances worldwide. The album's second single \"Remember the Time\" spent eight weeks in the top five in the United States, peaking at number three on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart. In 1993, Jackson performed the song at the Soul Train Awards in a chair, saying he had suffered an injury in rehearsals. In the UK and other parts of Europe, \"Heal the World\" was the biggest hit from the album; it sold 450,000 copies in the UK and spent five weeks at number two in 1992.", "The eighth child of the Jackson family , Michael made his professional debut in 1964 with his elder brothers Jackie , Tito , Jermaine , and Marlon as a member of the Jackson 5 , and began his solo career in 1971. In the early 1980s, Jackson became a dominant figure in popular music. His music videos , including those of \" Beat It \", \" Billie Jean \", and \" Thriller \" from his 1982 album Thriller , are credited with breaking racial barriers and transforming the medium into an art form and promotional tool. The popularity of these videos helped bring the television channel MTV to fame. Jackson's 1987 album Bad spawned the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles \" I Just Can't Stop Loving You \", \" Bad \", \" The Way You Make Me Feel \", \" Man in the Mirror \", and \" Dirty Diana \", becoming the first album to have five number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100. He continued to innovate with videos such as \" Black or White \" and \" Scream \" throughout the 1990s, and forged a reputation as a touring solo artist. Through stage and video performances, Jackson popularized a number of complicated dance techniques, such as the robot and the moonwalk , to which he gave the name. His distinctive sound and style has influenced numerous artists of various music genres.", "Michael Jackson was the definitive icon of the 1980s and his leather jacket, glove, and Moonwalk dance were often imitated. Jackson's 1981 album Thriller became—and currently remains—the best-selling album of all time, with sales estimated by various sources as somewhere between 65 and 110 million copies worldwide.", "Thriller (1982) cemented Jackson's status as the biggest pop star of the 1980s. Defining the decade in the same way that the music of Elvis Presley represented the 1950s, the album remained on the pop charts for more than two years, selling 25 million copies in the United States alone. Sporting dense, insistent production by Jones, Thriller contains instantly identifiable hits such as \"Beat It,\" \"Billie Jean,\" and the title track, featuring a ghoulish spoken part by horror movie star Vincent Price. The music videos for Thriller set the songs within cinematic narratives, thereby altering the way music would be marketed; after Thriller, a song's video would become as important as the song itself. Videos for \"Beat It,\" \"Billie Jean,\" and \"Thriller\" were wildly popular, making Jackson the first African-American artist played with regularity by cable network MTV. Although it took five years to deliver, Thriller 's follow-up, Bad (1987), was nearly as successful, spawning four number one pop hits, including \"Man in the Mirror\" and \"The Way You Make Me Feel.\" By this point, the media had begun to speculate upon Jackson's eccentricities: his rumored nose jobs, attempts to lighten his skin, and his development of Neverland, a large personal ranch in California that he filled with exotic animals and rides. In late 1991, after another nearly five-year hiatus, Jackson released Dangerous.", "A fitting tribute to the late Michael Jackson, who had died some weeks earlier, meant that Man In The Mirror became a bigger hit than when first released, peaking at Number 2. back in 1988, it reached only Number 21, at that point the least successful single off the album Bad.", "In 1984, a recording of Michael Jackson reading the tax code would probably have charted. Keenly aware of this, Motown released an album of unused MJ material. The Farewell My Summer Love album was nine songs from 1973, overdubbed with new, Eighties-sounding instrumentation. “It’s not fair,” Jackson said. “I had no control over that music.” The album’s innocent title track became a Top 10 hit in the U.K. Fittingly for a song about adolescent sadness, Michael’s performance is a snapshot of his voice just as it was changing; there are even some hints of his mature power.", "The song also appeared on his next solo album, 'Thriller' (1982), which generated seven top 10 hits. On a television special honoring Motown, Jackson performed 'Billie Jean'—eventually a number one hit—and debuted his soon-to-be-famous dance move called the moonwalk. Jackson, a veteran performer by this time, choreographed the dance sequences for the video of his other No. 1 hit, 'Beat It'.", "The King Of Pop, the great late Michael Jackson makes his first out of a total of two appearances on our list with 1987′s Bad. Hit singles like Dirty Diana, Smooth Criminal or Bad made sure that it would sell an amazing 45 million copies around the globe.", "in 1982 - Michael Jackson's 'Thriller' album was released. It spent 190 weeks on the UK album chart became the biggest selling pop album of all time, with sales over 50 million copies.", "On April 27, Michael Jackson debuted at number one in the U.K. charts with his single \"Blood On The Dance Floor\". Michael's latest single was a chart-hit in many countries around the world! ", "In the early 1980s, Jackson became a dominant figure in popular music . The music videos for his songs including \" Beat It \", \" Billie Jean \" and \" Thriller \", were credited with transforming the medium into an art form and a promotional tool, and the popularity of these videos helped to bring the relatively new television channel MTV to fame. Videos such as \" Black or White \" and \" Scream \" made him a staple on MTV in the 1990s. Through stage performances and music videos, Jackson popularized a number of dance techniques, such as the robot and the moonwalk . His distinctive musical sound and vocal style have influenced numerous hip hop , pop , contemporary R&B and rock artists.", "Jones also produced Thriller, the long-awaited follow-up to Off the Wall. Afterthe release of the mild novelty song \"The Girl Is Mine\" (a duet with ex-Beatle Paul McCartney) as the first single, the album's sales built slowly. But with subsequent single releases Jackson emerged spectacularly as a personality who could appeal to diverse audiences like no one else in American music had been able to for years. \"Beat It,\" featuring rock guitarist Eddie Van Halen, crossed over to attain popularity even among fans of heavy metal music; \"Billie Jean\" drew on Jackson's own experience of unjust paternity accusations. Both songs reached number one, and \"Billie Jean\" made him the first artist to be number one on the pop single, pop album, R & B single, and R & B album charts simultaneously. Thriller went on to generate an unprecedented total of seven Top Ten singles. The album roosted atop Billboard magazine's sales charts for thirty-seven weeks, and at its peak was reported to be selling more than 500,000 copies every week.", "Thriller is the sixth studio album by American singer Michael Jackson. It was released by Epic Records on November 30, 1982, as the follow-up to Jackson's critically and commercially successful 1979 album Off the Wall. Thriller explores similar genres to those of Off the Wall, including pop, post-disco, rock and funk. Recording sessions took place on April to November 1982 at Westlake Recording Studios in Los Angeles with a production budget of $750,000, assisted by producer Quincy Jones.", "MTV's -- and Jackson's -- timing was perfect. MTV debuted \"Billie Jean,\" on March 1st, just four days before the song hit No. 1 on the Hot 100, making it the first uptempo urban song to accomplish that feat in over two years. Simultaneously, \"Billie Jean's\" momentum was the thing that finally pulled the \"Thriller\" album all the way up to No. 1 on the album chart in its 10th chart week. But a number one single and album turned out to be only the beginning-for both Jackson and MTV.", "In the early 1980s, he became a dominant figure in American popular music and culture. He was the first African American entertainer to amass a strong crossover following on MTV. The popularity of his music videos airing on MTV, such as \"Beat It\", \"Billie Jean\" and \"Thriller\"—widely credited with transforming the music video from a promotional tool into an art form—helped bring the relatively new channel to fame. Videos such as \"Black or White\" and \"Scream\" made Jackson an enduring staple on MTV in the 1990s. With stage performances and music videos, Jackson popularized a number of physically complicated dance techniques, such as the robot and the moonwalk. His distinctive musical sound and vocal style influenced many hip hop, pop music and contemporary R&B artists across several generations.", "This song is one of Michael Jackson's favorites, and it was his first #1 hit as a solo artist. Motown recorded him as a solo artist when The Jackson 5 stopped selling well.", "The reason I think Michaqel Jackson should be placed higher than number four for the 80s is these reasons:", "Michael Jackson — Billie Jean — Listen, watch, download and discover music for free at Last.fm", "single most important development in the 80s, means to presenting the latest music to the public; Michael Jackson", "Fantastic 4 track E.P. single from Michael Jackson released in November 1982 in the UK by Epic Records.", "'Wanna Be Startin' Somethin' is the fourth single recorded by Michael for the album 'Thriller' on the Epic label, released on May 28th, 1983 in the USA. The song was written, composed, and co-produced by Jackson, and it was produced by Quincy Jones." ]

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[ "FYI: In Tanzania, you can determine vehicle registration by the license plate colours. Yellow plates, starting with \"T\" and followed by three numbers, are privately owned vehicles. Official Tanzanian government plates are also yellow, but they display only letters and usually start with \"S\" (the fewer the letters, the higher up in the food chain the owner is). Green plates are diplomatic; Red are international development agencies; Blue are UN and similar organizations; White are taxis, buses and commercial (safari) vehicles, and Black are the military and the police. This coding does not apply in Zanzibar and Pemba.", "Tanzania uses British nomenclature of grading into following AA, A, B, PB, C, E, F, AF, TT, UG and TEX", "The country in which a motor vehicle's vehicle registration plate was issued is indicated by an international licence plate country code, formerly known as an International Registration Letter or International Circulation Mark, displayed in bold block uppercase on a small white oval plate or sticker near the number plate on the rear of a vehicle.", "Animals are featured on this high-catalog value set from Tanzania.  Tanzania, located on the coast of Africa, was founded when Tanganyika, formerly German East Africa, merged with Zanzibar in 1964. The set includes the multi-sided1976  5 Senti which shows a sailfish, the scalloped 1979 10 Senti which shows a Zebra, the 1979 20 Senti which shows an Ostrich, the  1989 50 Senti which shows a rabbit and the 1992 1 Shillingi features an outstretched arm holding a torch.  the coins are Brilliant Uncirculated and together catalog for over $14.00.  Our price is MUCH less..", "Tanzania) (pronounced /ˌtænzəˈniːə/, is a sovereign state in central East Africa bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north, Rwanda, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west, and Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique to the south. The country's eastern", "Tanzania is an East African country located within the African Great Lakes region. Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, Mozambique, and Malawi border Tanzania.", "On the international level the licence plates of different countries are distinguished by a supplementary licence plate country code. This country designator is displayed in bold block uppercase on a small white oval plate or sticker on the rear of the vehicle near the number plate.", "Tanzania is formed by merging the names of its constituent parts, Tanganyika and Zanzibar, which were united in 1964. The added –ia means ‘land’.", "Private motor vehicles, caravans and trailers may be brought temporarily into Zimbabwe, provided they are licensed in their home countries and bear appropriate registration plate and nationality plaque. The International Certificate of Motor vehicles is recognized in Zimbabwe Vehicles must be insured against third party risks arising in Zimbabwe, short-term policies are obtainable at border posts. A road tax per vehicle is applicable", "The general format of vehicle registration plates in Bangladesh is \"City - Vehicle Class alphabet and No - Vehicle No\". For example, : \"DHAKA-D-11-9999\". The \"DHAKA\" field represents the city name in Bengali alphabets, the \"D\" field represents the vehicle class in Bengali alphabets, the \"11\" field represents the vehicle class in Bengali numerals and the \"9999\" field represents the vehicle number of the vehicle in Bengali numerals.", "Coordinates: 6°18′25″S 34°51′14″E / 6.307°S 34.854°E / -6.307; 34.854 The United Republic of Tanzania ( /ˌtænzəˈniːə/ Swahili: Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania) is a country in central East Africa bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north, Rwanda, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west, and Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique to the south. The country's eastern borders lie on the Indian Ocean.", "Miscellaneous vehicles include vehicles with any hydraulic operating parts or hydraulic lifts. An M plate is issued to miscellaneous vehicles. Before an M- plate can be on the road the owner of the vehicle must obtain a letter from the Ministry of Public Works and Transport that reads �Permit to operate Special Vehicles on Public Roads�. This letter must accompany the other documents when registering a miscellaneous vehicle with the Department of Road Traffics.", "Tanzania,This approximates the Kiswahili pronunciation. However, is also heard in English. officially the United Republic of Tanzania (), is a large country in Eastern Africa within the African Great Lakes region. Parts of the country are in Southern Africa. It is bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north; Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west; Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique to the south; and by the Indian Ocean to the east. Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest mountain, is in northeastern Tanzania.", "- Black lettering on green background. Agricultural vehicles. The vehicle only has one front plate bearing no shield and whose size is 300 x 80 mm.", "You must have the letter of authority irrespective of whether the vehicle was built in South Africa or in a foreign country. Types of vehicle for which you require a letter of authority are:", "You will be asked to provide the registration number, make and model of your vehicle and the date of your visit.", "Where the personalised registration number has an age identifier, you can only put that number onto a vehicle of equal age or newer. For example, if you were to purchase a 54 current style registration plate, you can only put this on a vehicle that is registered as new on September 1, 2008 or after.", "■ If the driver is not the owner of the vehicle they must have a letter from the owner / leasing company authorising the use of the vehicle in Zambia", "Copyright © 2013 Tanzania Daily News. All rights reserved. Distributed by AllAfrica Global Media ( allAfrica.com ). To contact the copyright holder directly for corrections — or for permission to republish or make other authorized use of this material, click here.", "Warning: You must be careful about driving in Tanzania, or throughout most of Africa, unless you have already experienced the driving conditions in developing countries.", "This East African country epitomizes the safari experience. Tanzania’s magnificent landscapes and its abundance of wildlife will delight your sense of exploration and adventure. Traveling in land cruisers through a wildlife rich environment provides many opportunities to spot the “Big Five”, as well as the grazing plain’s animals. Highlights of the tour include a visit to the Serengeti where the great wildebeest migration occurs and game drives in Ngorongoro Crater, the largest unbroken ancient caldera in the world. The last few days are spent on Zanzibar Island in the Indian Ocean, an island that boasts rich history and magnificent beaches, a relaxing way to end what promises to be an exciting adventure.", "Tanzania Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA) - Two country joint railway system, linking the port of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania with New Kapiri Mposhi in Zambia, and handling freight cargo for the countries of Malawi, Zimbabwe, and Democratic Republic of Congo", "Several countries have made efforts to avoid duplicating registration numbers used by other countries. Nevertheless, this is not completely successful and there are occasional difficulties for example in connection with parking fines and automatic speed cameras.", "A rental company with consistently excellent reviews and a free breakdown service is www.kibabucars.com Their cars are in very good condition and regularly serviced. Kibabu Cars is based in Stone Town. They deliver their cars free of charge to the airport, 24/7, and collect the cars again from the airport. They also organize the temporary Zanzibar drivers permit before one arrives in Zanzibar. An international drivers license is not valid in Zanzibar.", "All used motor vehicles are subject to the production of an Import Permit that must be obtained prior to the vehicle being shipped to South Africa. Applications for Import Permits should be addressed to:", "■ The Tanzanian entry point is through the Tunduma/Nakonde border post onto the Great North road", "Geo Map - Africa | Geo Map - Africa - Tanzania | Geo Map - Africa - Senegal | Africa Map", "It's possible to drive in through Livingstone. Crossing an international border with a vehicle, however, will incur extra costs like carbon tax and insurance. Very annoying is the time consuming and disorganised procedure of obtaining a 'temporary import permit' for the car at the Zambian border post. Once at the Zimbabwe border post, the whole procedure is to be repeated, though it is a bit faster but also expensive.", "Mahale Mountains National Park and Lake Tanganyika offer safari adventure par excellence. A little further afield, the villages in the Kigoma area are a tableau of Tanzanian culture and for those looking to scratch beyond the surface, provide unique insight into the ways of the local people. This is definitely one for the bucket list! By Sakhile Mogale TRAVEL INFO E-mail: sokwe@tanzaniaparks.go.tz Telephone: +8821 621 277 242 (satellite number), +255 689 062 326 Websites: www.mahalepark.org, www.tanzaniaparks.com and www. nomad-tanzania.com.", "There are several local Tour Operators which have fleet of cars for hire in major airports like Dar es Salaam Julius Nyerere Airport, Kilimanjaro International Airport, major cities and all towns which are peripheral to tourist destinations like Moshi, Mwanza, Arusha, and Karatu around Ngorongoro.", "■ Zambian Third Party Insurance on vehicles and trailers are bought at border post - valid for 1 month", "Das große Verzeichnis aller Autohändler und Automobilhandelsgruppen in Deutschland mit Adressen von Autohändlern Werkstätten Reifenhändlern und Tankstellen...." ]

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[ "Seymour's Hamburger Hall of Fame is an elaborate structure that celebrates hamburger history. There is also an annual one-day Burger Fest.[http://www.seymourwi.com/burger.htm Special Attractions and Events] In 1989 the world's largest hamburger (5,520 pounds) was served at the festival. Because there have been no challenges to the record, the annual big burger now averages around 190 pounds. The annual festival www.homeofthehamburger.org, which occurs in the first week of August, includes a 5K run Bun Run, the world's longest hamburger parade down Main Street, the hamburger eating contest Balloon Rally, and the ketchup slide. The festival has a different theme each year. A statue of Charlie Nagreen is located on Depot Street.", "Seymour's Hamburger Hall of Fame is an elaborate structure that celebrates hamburger history. There is also an annual one-day Burger Fest and plans to build a hamburger-shaped building. [11] In 1989 the world's largest hamburger (5,520 pounds) was served at the festival. There have been no challenges to the record, so the annual big burger now is only around 1,000 pounds. The festival, which occurs annually during the first week of August, starts early with a 5K run known as the Bun Run, the world's longest hamburger parade down Main Street, the hamburger eating contest, and the ketchup slide. The festival has a different theme each year. In 2011, the theme is \"Honor the Veterans,\" and in 2010 it was a Mexican fiesta.", "In 1989, Seymour grilled the world's biggest hamburger, 5,520 lbs. at the Outagamie County Fairgrounds. The record is verified in the Guiness Book of World Records.", "The Hoover Dam was the largest dam and reservoir in the world at the time of completion. Although it has since been replaced by multiple others, the national landmark is still home to more than one million tourists a year and its reservoir stores enough water in Lake Mead to irrigate two million acres of land.", "Cheddar , the famous hard cheese that borrows its name from a village in Somerset, England, where it was originally made, is matured for a considerable time � �a year to eighteen months if it is to be savoured at its best,� according to the Oxford Companion to Food . For Queen Victoria 's wedding celebrations, two villages in Somerset combined to produce a monstrous Cheddar whose diameter was over 9 feet and weighed 567 kilos. Its record of being the world's weightiest cheddar was broken in 1964 when an American Cheddar that was over 28 times larger was produced in Wisconsin , America 's milk bowl. It weighed 15,190 kilos and took 43 hours to produce.", "Wisconsin is home to a very large and diversified manufacturing economy, with special focus on transportation and capital equipment. Major Wisconsin companies in these categories include the Kohler Company; Mercury Marine; Rockwell Automation; Johnson Controls; John Deere; Briggs & Stratton; Milwaukee Electric Tool Company; Caterpillar Inc.; Joy Global; The Manitowoc Company; Oshkosh Corporation; Harley-Davidson; Case IH; S. C. Johnson & Son; Ashley Furniture; Ariens; and Evinrude Outboard Motors.", "Nestlé S.A. (;,,) is a Swiss transnational food and drink company headquartered in Vevey, Vaud, Switzerland. It is the largest food company in the world measured by revenues, and ranked #72 on the Fortune Global 500 in 2014. ", "Nackawic has an axe to grind. It's 15 metres ( 50 feet ) high, making it the biggest in the world. You'll find the gigantic axe in the town which depends on the logging industry for its survival just off the Trans- Canada Highway on the River Valley Scenic Drive.", "The very biggest company in the world as measured by annual revenues is Walmart Stores Inc., a privately held company owned by heirs of the founder, Sam Walton. It had global revenues of $485 billion in 2014.", "The main building – called \"Expo Axis\" – has the world's largest membrane construction and was built by SBA (architects) and Knippers Helbig (structural engineers). The building consists of some steel-glass funnels with a long membrane construction. The main construction was completed at the end of 2009. ", "In February 2010, Aker Wirth delivered a TBM to Switzerland, for the expansion of the Linth–Limmern Power Stations located south of Linthal in the canton of Glarus. The borehole has a diameter of . The four TBMs used for excavating the 57 km Gotthard Base Tunnel, in Switzerland, had a diameter of about 9 m. A larger TBM was built to bore the Green Heart Tunnel (Dutch: Tunnel Groene Hart) as part of the HSL-Zuid in the Netherlands, with a diameter of . This in turn was superseded by the Madrid M30 ringroad, Spain, and the Chong Ming tunnels in Shanghai, China. All of these machines were built at least partly by Herrenknecht. , the world's largest TBM is \"Big Bertha\", a diameter machine built by Hitachi Zosen Corporation, which is digging the Alaskan Way Viaduct replacement tunnel in Seattle, Washington (US). ", "Walmart is the world's largest company by revenue, according to the Fortune Global 500 list in 2014, as well as the biggest private employer in the world with 2.2 million employees. Walmart is a family-owned business, as the company is controlled by the Walton family. Sam Walton's heirs own over 50 percent of Walmart through their holding company, Walton Enterprises, and through their individual holdings. It is also one of the world's most valuable companies by market value, and is also the largest grocery retailer in the U.S. In 2009, it generated 51 percent of its US$258 billion (equivalent to $284 billion in 2015) sales in the U.S. from its grocery business.", "In 1990, Barq's partnered with the Pick N Save grocery store in Dekalb, Illinois to create the World's Largest Root Beer Float. It was mixed in an above ground swimming pool in the parking lot and consisted of 1,500 gallons of Barq's root beer and 1,000 gallons of vanilla ice cream.", "The cradle device with the largest diameter collision balls on public display, was on display for more than a year in Milwaukee, Wisconsin at retail store American Science and Surplus . Each ball was an inflatable exercise ball 26\" in diameter (enclosed in cage of steel rings), and was supported from the ceiling using extremely strong magnets. It was recently[ when? ] taken down due to its need for frequent maintenance.", "  In 1999, a record-making giant 10 ft (3.2 m) diameter yo-yo was dropped from a crane, in Wythenshawe, Greater Manchester, England. Stockport College students constructed the 897-lb (407 kg) yo-yo. It bobbed back up the rope four times when released from the top of a crane at a height of about 187 ft (57 m). The record has since been broken with a newer entry in the 2015 Guiness World Records book. This new yo-yo , with a diameter of 11 ft 9 in (3.63 m), was built by Beth Johnson of Cincinnati, USA. It was reported to weigh 4620 lbs (2,096 kg).«", "On September 30th, 1935, the United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) finished the Hoover Dam in Black Canyon. Behind the dam, Lake Mead rose, the largest artificial lake in the world. The dam stopped floods, stored water for droughts, and also powered one of the largest hydroelectric power plants in the world.", "A blimp dressed to appear as a Minion, named \"Despicablimp,\" toured the United States from March 2013 in a six-month tour to promote the films release. As one of the largest airships in the world, measuring 165 feet (50 m) in length, 55 feet (17 m) in height, and weighing 8,000 pounds (3.6 t), it crossed the country three times during its 20,000 miles (32,000 km)-long tour, visiting hundreds of events, including the films premiere in Hollywood. The blimp, an American Blimp Corporation A-150 model, could be tracked in real-time via GPS at the Despicablimp Command Center website, which allowed fans to post photos of sightings, and compete for various prizes, including for a ride in the blimp.", "Topeka, Kansas plant produces super earthmover tire of Nylosteel, 11½ feet high, 5½ feet wide, weighing more than 12,500 pounds for world's largest loader.", "Facts : The largest man-made lake in the U.S.  is Lake Mead, created by the Hoover Dam. Click Here For Fun Movie Facts", "Why do we talk about a \"self-supporting\" tower? This is why. It's the 2,063-foot KVLY-TV tower, in Blanchard, N.D., and it became the largest human-made structure in the world when it was erected in 1963. As you can see, it's supported by cables. Poland's 2,121-foot Warszawa Radio Mast topped it in 1974, but it fell during renovations in 1991.", "COVER IMAGE SOURCED FROM: Johnson, Philip. \"The Largest Mies in the World.\" Photograph, 2010. Toronto Buildings. Accessed October 24, 2014. http://torontobuildings.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/tdc.jpg", "1911 - Louis Frederick, Emory Upton founded Upton Machine Company in St. Joseph, MI to produce electric, motor-driven wringer washers; became Whirlpool Corporation; October 1916 - Sears was selling washers faster than Upton Machine Co. could manufacture them; mid 1920s - exclusive supplier for Sears electric, gasoline powered washing machines (2007 - largest North American supplier of major appliances to Sears under Kenmore brand); 1929 - merged with Nineteen Hundred Washer Company (Binghamton, NY); 1936 - distributed internationally; late 1940s - introduced world's first top-loading automatic washer; 1948 -  marketed Whirlpool brand automatic washer (dual distribution — Sears, Nineteen Hundred); 1950s - name changed to Whirlpool Corporation, added automatic dryers, refrigerators, ranges, air conditioners; 1989 - formed European joint venture company with N.V. Philips (Netherlands), named Whirlpool Europe B.V.", "The largest snowman in the world was made in Bethel, Maine, USA, in 2008. It was a snow woman called Olympia Snowe, named after a U.S. Senator representing Maine. Olympia Snowe was 122 ft 1 inch (37.21 m) tall. The previous record snowman also being to Bethel, Maine and was Angus the snowman who was 113 ft, 7.5in (35.5m) high.", "Manufacturing is extremely important to Wisconsin. Large quantities of cheese, butter, and other dairy products are manufactured in Wisconsin, which is known as the \"Cheese Capital of the Nation.\" It also produces canned and frozen vegetables, sausage, and beer. Oscar Mayer Foods Corporation has a large meat packing plant in Madison, the state's capital.", "It’s headquarters are at Arkansas since 1962 and is occupied by a hardware store and an antique mall. The company is world’s largest corporation and the biggest private employer with over 2 million employees and yes, the largest retailer in the world!", "Madison is the capital of the State of Wisconsin and the county seat of Dane County. As of July 1, 2015, Madison's estimated population of 248,951 made it the second largest city in Wisconsin, after Milwaukee, and the 84th largest in the United States. The city forms the core of the United States Census Bureau's Madison Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes Dane County and neighboring Iowa, Green, and Columbia counties. The Madison Metropolitan Statistical Area's 2010 population was 568,593. Madison is one of only 5 platinum level bike cities in the US.", "In the 1990 action film Die Hard 2, a 747 that has been hijacked by terrorists is destroyed by John McClane. Three 23-foot models were fabricated by Industrial Light and Magic with one destroyed during filming done at a remote airstrip in the Mojave Desert of California. The effects were matched to a real 747 filmed taxiing at Alpena, Michigan. The cost of the special effects pushed the film's production costs towards the then-record of $70 million.", "In 2009, Fulton Market Films produced the documentary Being Bucky which followed the lives of seven Wisconsin students who take on the role of Bucky Badger. Being Bucky won \"Best Documentary Film\" at the Wisconsin Film Festival and went on to play in local Wisconsin movie theaters. ", "General Electric returned the UDF Testbed to Boeing on February 25, 1987. It was parked on the Mojave Airport flightline for four years. In 1991 it was used for the crash scene in the movie Hero. It was painted in the colors of a fictional Midwestern airlines and given the fake registration N88892. The crash scene was filmed near Piru, California.", "In 1991, Ed saw a low-wing version of his Sensatherm hanging In the Munich Science Museum in Germany (Some 15O Sensatherm kits made it to Europe during the late 1930's). That experience rekindled his interest and led to the discovery of Best-By-Test \"Aero-Model” items (props, front-end assemblies, plans, rubber, dope brushes, etc.) contained in barrels stored and forgotten for many years in his Ridgefield company warehouse.", "Returning to his own independent produced films, Pierce was the star, writer, director, and co-producer of the 1985 sequel, The Barbaric Beast of Boggy Creek, Part II, which was re-titled Boggy Creek II: And the Legend Continues. The movie also contains footage of a University of Arkansas (UA) Razorback football game in Fayetteville, Washington Count), complete with hog-hatted fans.", "In 1922 the Fuller Manufacturing Company completed a handsome new pair of four-story factory buildings at the junction of Pitcher and Prouty Streets on the northern periphery of Kalamazoo, Michigan. Located exactly equidistant between Detroit and Chicago by road or rail, Kalamazoo was well placed to serve the motor industry." ]

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[ "The 37- story Sony building (formerly known as AT&T Corporate Headquarters) located on 550 Madison Avenue, New York City has become an emblem of postmodernist structure. Designed by the famous architect Philip Johnson, this landmark blends more classic architecture with modern materials such as the pink granite used. Pink Stony Creek granite is applied all throughout the building creating an eye-catching glare all through Madison Avenue. It was an unusual material to be used for a skyscraper instead many buildings supported a glass frame that was very popular at the time. The design itself is unique, with a Chippendale top resembling an 18th century cabinet. John Burgee, Johnson’s Partner at Burgee& Johnson’s firm, contributed to the design of the building. The structure has a bolder and defined style for the executive floors than of the mid- level floors.", "The open-air plaza, connecting 55th to 56th streets, never succeeded as a public space and was converted to an enclosed retail arcade space when Sony purchased the building. There is a Sony Shop of New Technology in the building's base. One of the most noticeable skyscrapers in New York, with its unusual pediment topping a slablike shaft. The shape is often likened to a Chippendale highboy, designed by the master 18th century English cabinet-maker, Thomas Chippendale.", "His style took a striking turn with the AT&T headquarters, New York (1982), a controversial postmodernist landmark, a pink skyscraper with a Chippendale-style cabinet top.", "Pennzoil Place would prove widely influential, but five years later Mr. Johnson and Mr. Burgee moved away from it with the design for one of the most startling skyscrapers of the last generation, the AT&amp; T (now Sony) headquarters in New York, the so-called \"Chippendale skyscraper\" of granite with a split pediment resembling an antique highboy.", "The AT&T building by Philip Johnson is believed to be the uprising against mainstream “Modernist” supremacy in Manhattan, with its influences of a historical wardrobe. The building has been the most widely discussed skyscraper for its time for the following reasons. Other modernist buildings of the era had a decent size entrance arch, glass veneer and a flat top. The AT&T building on the other hand had an 80-foot entrance, far too big for a medium- sized skyscraper; pink stony creek granite as veneer, and a Chippendale style top. This style furniture included a broken pediment at the top, called the rococo ornamentation. A pediment is a triangular shaped element surmounting the façade of the building.", "The Woolworth Building, at 57 stories, is one of the oldest—and one of the most famous—skyscrapers in New York City. More than a century after the start of its construction, it is still one of the fifty tallest buildings in the United States as well as one of the twenty tallest buildings in New York City. The building is a National Historic Landmark, having been listed in 1966. The Woolworth Building was constructed in neo-Gothic style by architect Cass Gilbert, who was commissioned by Frank Woolworth in 1910 to design the new corporate headquarters on Broadway, between Park Place and Barclay Street in Lower Manhattan, opposite City Hall. Originally planned to be 625 feet high, in accordance with the area's zoning laws, the building was eventually elevated to 792 feet. The construction cost was $13,500,000 and Woolworth paid all of it in cash. On completion, the Woolworth building overtook the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower as the world's tallest building. It opened on April 24, 1913.", "In 1892 the New York Building Law made its first provisions for skeleton constructions. There followed a period of experimentation to devise efficient floor plans and aesthetically satisfying forms. In New York City the Flatiron Building by D. H. Burnham was constructed in 1902, the Metropolitan Life Insurance Tower in 1909, and the Woolworth Building, 60 stories high, by Cass Gilbert , in 1913. The last, with Gothic ornamentation, exemplifies the general tendency at that time to adapt earlier architectural styles to modern construction. The radical innovator Louis Henry Sullivan gave impetus to a new, bold aesthetic for skyscrapers. An excellent example is his design for the Wainwright building in St. Louis (1890–91). Frank Lloyd Wright also contributed his unorthodox vision to such structures as the Price Tower (1953) in Bartlesville, Okla.", "The argument against ornament peaked in 1959 over discussions of the Seagram Building, where Mies van der Rohe installed a series of structurally unnecessary vertical I-beams on the outside of the building, and by 1984, when Philip Johnson produced his AT&T Building in Manhattan with an ornamental pink granite neo-Georgian pediment, the argument was effectively over. In retrospect, critics have seen the AT&T Building as the first Postmodernist building.", "Located in the business district of the city of Chicago, the famous Sears Tower, —now called Willis Tower because the purchase of the building by Willis Group Holdings Company—, with its 442 meters high architectural snatched the title of skyscrapers world's tallest twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York, which had been opened the previous year, in 1973. The prestigious architectural firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP, SOM, by architect Bruce Graham and structural engineer Fazlur the prestigious Khan, designing a structure steel overwhelming thanks to so-called \"Mega-module\". It is composed of nine square blocks with dimensions of 22.86 meters each side. Certainly the work has brought great modernity and progress to the city, becoming one of the architectural icons par excellence late 20th century.", "Architecture in the 1970s began as a continuation of styles created by such architects as Frank Lloyd Wright and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Early in the decade, several architects competed to build the tallest building in the world. Of these buildings, the most notable are the John Hancock Center and Sears Tower in Chicago, both designed by Bruce Graham and Fazlur Khan, and the World Trade Center towers in New York by American architect Minoru Yamasaki. The decade also brought experimentation in geometric design, pop-art, postmodernism, and early deconstructivism.", "Another factor influencing skyscraper design and construction in the late 20th and early 21st centuries was the need for energy conservation . Earlier, sealed windows that made necessary continuous forced-air circulation or cooling, for instance, gave way in mid-rise buildings to operable windows and glass walls that were tinted to reflect the sun’s rays. Also, perhaps in reaction to the austerity of the International Style, the 1980s saw the beginnings of a return to more classical ornamentation, such as that of Philip Johnson’s AT&T Building (1984) in New York City. See also high-rise building .", "His work includes original and innovative examples of many different building types, including offices, churches, schools, skyscrapers, hotels, and museums. Wright also designed many of the interior elements of his buildings, such as the furniture and stained glass . Wright authored 20 books and many articles and was a popular lecturer in the United States and in Europe. His colorful personal life often made headlines, most notably for the 1914 fire and murders at his Taliesin studio . Already well known during his lifetime, Wright was recognized in 1991 by the American Institute of Architects as \"the greatest American architect of all time.\" [1]", "British architect Richard Rogers has designed some of the most important buildings of the modern era. Beginning with the Parisian Centre Pompidou, his building designs have been characterized as being \"inside out,\" with facades that look more like working mechanical rooms. He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II, becoming Lord Rogers of Riverside, but in the US Rogers is best known for rebuilding Lower Manhattan after 9/11/01. His 3 World Trade Center was one of the last towers to be realized.", "Skyscraper. It soon became clear that the technology of industrial buildings could be turned to other uses, the most important of which was building more efficiently in the cities where growing population pushed up land values until it became desirable to put tall buildings on small lots. In the booming cities of the United States in the late 19th century, the skyscraper gradually came into being. Little by little, iron and steel supporting elements were added to stone and brick buildings, until in 1885 William LeBaron Jenney designed the Home Insurance Company Building in Chicago, Ill. It was the first building in which the exterior walls were entirely supported on a steel frame. By the 1890s United States cities were dotted with tall office buildings. Architects like Louis Sullivan of Chicago tried to emphasize the simplicity and rugged strength of the steel frame in their works but also strove to make them artistic by shaping them or decorating their surfaces. Sullivan, though claiming originality, drew from the geometric and naturalistic ornament of the past, like the Moorish and Gothic, in tall office buildings such as the Wainwright Building in St. Louis of 1890-91.", "The buildings were completed in 1943 and received international acclaim following the 1943 'Brazil Builds' exhibition, at the New York Museum of Modern Art (MoMA). Most of the buildings show Niemeyer's particular approach to the Corbusian language. In the casino, with its relatively rigid main façade, Niemeyer departed from Corbusian principles and designed curved volumes outside the confinement of a rational grid. He also expanded upon Corbusier's idea of a promenade architecturale with his designs for floating catwalk-like ramps which unfold open vistas to the occupants.", "The United Nations Headquarters were constructed in New York City in 1949 and 1950 beside the East River, on seventeen acres of land purchased from the foremost New York real estate developer of the time, William Zeckendorf. This purchase was arranged by Nelson Rockefeller, after an initial offer of placing it on the Rockefeller family estate of Kykuit was rejected as being too isolated from Manhattan. The $8.5 million purchase was then funded by his father, John D. Rockefeller, Jr., who donated it to the City. The lead architect for the building was the real estate firm of Wallace Harrison, the personal architectural adviser for the family.", "Some of the United States' tallest towers are located in Chicago; Willis Tower (formerly Sears Tower) is the second tallest building in the Western Hemisphere after One World Trade Center , and Trump International Hotel and Tower is the third tallest in the country. [101] The Loop's historic buildings include the Chicago Board of Trade Building , the Fine Arts Building , 35 East Wacker , and the Chicago Building , 860-880 Lake Shore Drive Apartments by Mies van der Rohe . Many other architects have left their impression on the Chicago skyline such as Daniel Burnham, Louis Sullivan, Charles B. Atwood, John Root, and Helmut Jahn. [102] [103]", "Some of the United States' tallest towers are located in Chicago; Willis Tower (formerly Sears Tower) is the second tallest building in the Western Hemisphere after One World Trade Center , and Trump International Hotel and Tower is the third tallest in the country. [102] The Loop's historic buildings include the Chicago Board of Trade Building , the Fine Arts Building , 35 East Wacker , and the Chicago Building , 860-880 Lake Shore Drive Apartments by Mies van der Rohe . Many other architects have left their impression on the Chicago skyline such as Daniel Burnham, Louis Sullivan, Charles B. Atwood, John Root, and Helmut Jahn. [103] [104]", "Frank Owen Gehry, CC (born Frank Owen Goldberg; February 28, 1929) is a Canadian-American Pritzker Prize-winning architect based in Los Angeles.", "The village offices and Cooperstown Art Association are housed in a neo-classical building designed by Ernest Flagg. He is famed for Manhattan's 47-story Singer Building and the Boldt Castle on the St. Lawrence River. The Cooperstown building was originally commissioned by Elizabeth Scriven Clark in 1898 as a YMCA. Her son Robert Sterling Clark gave it to the village in 1932 during the Great Depression.", "Chicago, United States post the great fire had reinvented itself by replacing old wooden buildings with new non-combustible masonry and eventually steel frame buildings.1 This new era of steel framing and modern architecture emerged with the concept of achieving vertical city density.1 This was prominent soon after World War II during the reinvention of the city as office buildings started emerging. One of these buildings that set a landmark in Chicago’s skyline was the Willis tower, originally named ‘Sears Tower’. Sears tower emerged due to the spatial needs of the world’s largest retailer at the time, as they wanted to combine all the offices scattered throughout Chicago, to a single tower in the heart of the west loop.2 Bruce Graham, the architect of the building played a big role in establishing Miesian building principles throughout Chicago, which is also visible in this building.4 He was influenced by the CIAM principles that were used in the tower such as following a functional order, standardizing dwellings, creating a zoned city and using architecture in the light of politics, economic and social conditions.5 The Site", "CAREER- In 1955, employed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, he began working in Chicago, Illinois. He was made a partner in 1966 and became a naturalized American citizen in 1967. During the 1960s and 1970s, he became noted for his designs for Chicago’s 100-story John Hancock Center and 108-story Sears Tower, the tallest building in the world in its time and still the tallest in the United States since its completion in 1974.", "The Colvard Building opened in 1979, and its steel-frame and curtain-wall construction and many energy saving features were considered progressive for its time. Harry Wolf of Wolf Associates designed the structure, and he won the 1980 South Atlantic Regional AA Honor Award for his work. Among the energy-saving features Wolf utilized were vermiculite insulate roofing, insulated walls and a heat reclaimer. Also, the center arcade was designed for the horizontal and vertical movement of students in a space that did not need to be heated or cooled.", "The Seagram Building faces the podium and tower of Lever House by architects Skidmore Owings & Merrill across Park Avenue. Both buildings feature in most histories of 20th Century architecture.", "The Griffins participated in the celebrated Chicago Tribune Tower Competition in 1922. Having won one famous international competition, as architects who were both well acquainted with Chicago and recognized as practical visionaries, they offered a solution that was positive, forward-looking and elegant. Indeed, their entry appears to be about a decade ahead of its time, with emphatic verticality along the lines of the Art Deco or Art Moderne. It anticipated and would have been a near neighbor of Chicago's 333 North Michigan by Holabird & Roche (1928); with stylistic echos in John and Donald Parkinson's Bullocks Wilshire, in Los Angeles (1929), as well as Adah Robinson and Bruce Goff's Boston Avenue Methodist Church, Tulsa (1929). ", "Near the end of this period Wright built Taliesin, his own home and studio, at Spring Green, Wisconsin. In non-domestic Prairie architecture, he strove for greater monumentality while inventing powerful yet beautifully integrated forms that expressed the diverse functional parts of the building: the Larkin Administration Building (1904), Buffalo; and Unity Temple (1908), Oak Park, Illinois, being the best-known examples. Unity Temple, the most abstract and block-like of Wright's early designs, is thought to have been inspired by Wright's childhood use of Froebel kindergarten toys, which could be assembled to form three-dimensional shapes.", "Mies designed a series of four middle-income high-rise apartment buildings for developer Herbert Greenwald: the 860–880 (which was built between 1949 and 1951) and 900–910 Lake Shore Drive towers on Chicago's Lakefront. These towers, with façades of steel and glass, were radical departures from the typical residential brick apartment buildings of the time. Mies found their unit sizes too small for him, choosing instead to continue living in a spacious traditional luxury apartment a few blocks away. The towers were simple rectangular boxes with a non-hierarchical wall enclosure, raised on stilts above a glass-enclosed lobby.", "During 1951–1952, Mies' designed the steel, glass, and brick McCormick House, located in Elmhurst, Illinois (15 miles west of the Chicago Loop), for real-estate developer Robert Hall McCormick, Jr. A one-story adaptation of the exterior curtain wall of his famous 860–880 Lake Shore Drive towers, it served as a prototype for an unbuilt series of speculative houses to be constructed in Melrose Park, Illinois. The house has been moved and reconfigured as a part of the public Elmhurst Art Museum. He also built a residence for John M. van Beuren on a family estate near Morristown, New Jersey.", "Modern building practices regarding supertall structures have led to the study of \"vanity height\". Vanity height, according to the CTBUH, is the distance between the highest floor and its architectural top (excluding antennae, flagpole or other functional extensions). Vanity height first appeared in New York City skyscrapers as early as the 1920s and 1930s but supertall buildings have relied on such uninhabitable extensions for on average 30% of their height, raising potential definitional and sustainability issues. ", "The Carew Tower was part of a mixed-use, mini-Rockefeller Center-type “city-witin-a city” called the Carew Tower Complex. The original concept was a large development including a department store, a theater, office accommodation and a hotel to rival the Waldorf-Astoria. Specifically, the complex as designed consisted of the 49-story (574-foot) Carew Tower, the 31-story (372 foot) Netherland Plaza Hotel with 800 guest rooms, and the 27-story (342-foot) Carew-Netherland parking garage. The garage, the tallest structure ever built devoted entirely to automobile parking, was demolished in the late 1980s.", "Willis tower, originally named Sears Tower built in Chicago contributes heavily towards defining Chicago architecture. The tower built post-CIAM was influenced by CIAM's main principles such as the notion of architecture working hand in hand with government, politics, and economic and social conditions. Bruce Graham, the architect along with the mayor's support, created a consolidation office tower in the place of several other small Sears's offices throughout Chicago. The mayor, considering the economic and social aspects thought this project would attract future commerce. He had previously lifted the height restriction on buildings through a zoning ordinance revision in 1955, which allowed for the large height. The grand scale is also a result of the demand of enormous office space. More considerations for zoning are seen through aspects like restricting the height to manage air traffic, maintaining the interior space requirements by cutting down the floor plates. These acts were not only required but also gave the building a distinctive form of an enormously tall building. Bruce Graham believed that the buildings define cities and his mindset of responding to the Chicago's downtown urban context is further explored. This essay will further investigate how the building follows the CIAM principles of adjoining architecture with government, economic conditions, principles of following a functional order and finally the principles of creating a zoned city.", "Architect inspired by the American landscape and natural processes. In Fallingwater (1937) he designed a landscape in which the house is inexrticably linked with rocks, trees and waterfall. his own house Taliesen West (1937) was closely linked to the desert." ]

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[ "The Price Is Right (1956–65, then since 1972; originally hosted by Bill Cullen {1956-65}, then Bob Barker {1972-2007}, then Drew Carey {2007-})", "The format was simple: in auction style, four contestants guessed the retail value of the prizes on offer and the one who was closest, without exceeding the correct figure, was the winner. The programme, hosted by Bill Cullen, was launched in the US in 1956 and quickly became the most popular game show in the country. The Price is Right, devised by Stewart for his employer, Mark Goodson-Bill Todman Productions, continues to run in its homeland today and the format has been sold worldwide. The programme was hosted in Britain by Leslie Crowther, Bob Warman, Bruce Forsyth and Joe Pasquale between 1984 and 2007.", "The Price is Right began on November 26, 1956 on NBC.   That's right - NBC, not CBS.  Way back then, Bill Cullen was the host of The Price is Right, and Don Pardo (and later Johnny Gilbert when the show moved to ABC) was the announcer.  Back then, the show was made in New York City.  But, the game still was about pricing merchandise items, and being the closest one to the manufacturer's suggested retail price of the item without going over was still the object of the game.", "The longest running television game show is \"The Price Is Right.\" The show began airing on television in 1956. For much of its run, the host of the show was television personality Bob Barker.", "The Price is Right made a successful return to television on CBS on September 4, 1972.  This version was completely overhauled, but the emphasis still remained on pricing merchandise items.  In this version, Bob Barker hosted the show, and Johnny Olson was the announcer (after Johnny Olson's death, Rod Roddy became the announcer).  There was also another edition of this version that way syndicated that ran in the evenings once a week.  This was hosted by Dennis James.", "In the early 1970s, Mark Goodson was preparing a revised version of The Price Is Right for syndication and CBS daytime dubbed The New Price Is Right, which incorporated elements of the Cullen version with new mini-games influenced by Let's Make a Deal. Dennis James, who was a regular substitute for Monty Hall on Deal, was selected to host both versions of the reincarnated show; however, he hosted only the syndicated version as CBS insisted that Bob Barker, then still hosting Truth or Consequences, host the daytime show. While the syndicated version lasted only until 1980 (Barker replaced James on the syndicated version in 1977), the daytime version has been on the air five days per week since 1972, with Drew Carey replacing Barker in 2007. Two more syndicated versions would air during the 1985-86 and 1994-95 seasons (with the latter show being known as The New Price is Right), hosted by Tom Kennedy and Doug Davidson, respectively.", "Brady started hosting an updated version of the game show Let's Make a Deal for CBS in October 2009, which taped at the Tropicana Resort & Casino in Las Vegas and currently tapes in Los Angeles. The show replaced the soap opera Guiding Light, which ended its long-time run. The original host of Let's Make a Deal was Monty Hall, who serves as consultant for the new show. Drew Carey currently hosts The Price Is Right, and thus, both game shows in the CBS daytime lineup (as of May 2013) hold the distinction of being hosted by an alumnus of Whose Line Is It Anyway?.", "“We play games at home, we play games at parties, we go to clubs and play games. Americans love games,” says Bob Barker, host of the long-running “The Price Is Right.”", "\"Here it comes! From the Bob Barker Studio at CBS in Hollywood! Television's most exciting hour of fantastic prizes! The fabulous 60 minute Price Is Right ! (Four contestants are introduced followed by \"Come on down!\") You are the first four contestants on The Price Is Right. And now, here is the star of The Price is Right, Bob........Barker!\" (Today, it's now Drew Carey .)", "In 2006, The Price Is Right was featured on the series Gameshow Marathon, one of seven classic game shows hosted by talk show host and actress Ricki Lake. This version combined aspects of the Barker and Davidson versions with the celebrity contestants playing three pricing games, followed by a Showcase Showdown where the two contestants with the highest scores moved on to the Showcase. The winner of the Showcase also earned a spot in Finalists' Row. This version was announced by Fields and taped in Studio 46. It also marked the first Price Is Right episode directed by DiPirro, who replaced Eskander as the director on the daytime show in January 2009.", "The Price Is Right was created and produced by Bob Stewart for Mark Goodson–Bill Todman Productions. Stewart already had created one hit series for Goodson-Todman, To Tell the Truth and he would later create the enormously successful Password. In 1964, Stewart left Goodson-Todman to strike out on his own as a producer. (Frank Wayne, who later produced the Barker version of The Price Is Right, took over Stewart's Password spot.)", "* Jack Narz (month of May, 1960; Bill's brother-in-law, later that year he began hosting Video Village; his brother Tom Kennedy later hosted a syndicated version of the 1972 The Price Is Right revival during the 1985-86 season.)", "The white-haired and heavily tanned television personality hosted the hit game show The Price Is Right for 35 years until retiring in 2007. He’s made sporadic appearances on shows like The Nanny and How I Met Your Mother, and even hosted an episode of WWE Raw in 2009. He also voiced Bob Barnacle, a snail business owner, on Nickelodeon’s SpongeBob Squarepants. He made headlines in October after taking a nasty fall and hitting his head, but reports say his injuries were minor. The ex-TV cost recently appeared on Best Time Ever with Neil Patrick Harris but is otherwise enjoying his retirement at 92 years young.", "* September 4 – The first episode of The Price Is Right is aired on CBS by Bob Barker. Gambit and The Joker's Wild also premiere.", "Bob Barker (1923 - ) Former host of the popular television show The Price is Right from 1972 to 2007, making it the longest-running daytime game show in North American television history. Born in Darrington, WA (623)", "The record for winnings on the primetime show is currently held by Adam Rose. On February 22, 2008, the first The Price Is Right $1,000,000 Spectacular episode since Carey became host, Rose won $20,000 playing Grand Game and won both showcases, which included a Cadillac XLR convertible in his own showcase and a Ford Escape Hybrid in his opponent's showcase, plus a $1 million bonus for being within $1,000 of the actual retail price of his own showcase, bringing his total to $1,153,908. ", "Susan remained when the series debuted on January 6, 1975, developing a rapport with Chuck Woolery that remained for the next seven years; indeed, when Chuck failed to show up at a taping in mid-1980, she called her friends Pat and Shirley Boone during a stopdown to check on him. On the other hand, she did not like Pat Sajak initially for the simple reason that she did not like change (and especially one such as this), but warmed up to him within a few months. During this period, Mark Goodson had unsuccessfully tried to make her one of his models/Barker's Beauties on The Price Is Right.", "Bob Barker on The Price Is Right. And still says it today with same frequency. Going on 33 years, now!", "In 1996 he made his motion picture debut in Universal Pictures' Happy Gilmore , in which he played himself with Adam Sandler . His real acting debut, however, came when he was asked to play Mel Harris ' father in NBC's Something So Right . Another honor came when one of the most historic sites in the history of television, Stage 33 at CBS Television City in Los Angeles, was re-dedicated as the Bob Barker Studio in ceremonies following the taping of the 5,000th episode of \"The Price is Right\", on March 11, 1998. Barker is the first performer to whom CBS has ever dedicated a stage.", "Was a guest star on The Price Is Right Million Dollar Spectacular (2003) honoring Bob Barker 's 80th birthday. Other celebrity guests included Céline Dion , Ray Romano , Charlie Sheen and Larry King .", "*Game show producer Mark Goodson used a six-pointed asterisk as his trademark. It is featured prominently on many set pieces from The Price Is Right.", "On the original version of The Price Is Right, four contestants – one a returning champion, the other three chosen from the studio audience – bid on items or ensembles of items in an auction-style format.", "Often hosted game shows when he was a struggling actor. He hosted Mother's Day (1958) and Laugh Line (1959) but turned down The Price Is Right (1956).", "Edward Roscoe Murrow (25 April 1908 – 27 April 1965) was an American journalist; born Egbert Roscoe Murrow. He first came to prominence with a series of radio news broadcasts during World War II, which were followed by millions of listeners in the United States and Canada. Many journalists consider Murrow one of journalism's greatest figures, noting his honesty and integrity in delivering the news. A pioneer of television news broadcasting, Murrow produced a series of TV news reports that helped lead to the censure of Senator Joseph McCarthy.", "In 1963, The Price Is Right switched networks and both the daytime and primetime series moved to ABC. On September 3, 1965, the show aired its final episode after nearly nine years on the air.", "John William \"Johnny\" Carson (October 23, 1925 – January 23, 2005) was an American television talk show host and comedian, best known for his 30 years as host of The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson (1962–1992). Carson received six Emmy Awards, the Governor's Award, and a 1985 Peabody Award. He was inducted into the Television Academy Hall of Fame in 1987. Johnny Carson was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1992 and received a Kennedy Center Honor in 1993. ", "In his earliest show business work, Philbin was a page at The Tonight Show in the 1950s. Later he wrote for Los Angeles talk show host Tom Duggan and nervously filled in one night when the hard-drinking Duggan didn't show up. He also was an announcer on The Tonight Show in 1962. In 1957, Regis left his job as assistant news editor to Baxter Ward at KCOP, Los Angeles to make his fortune in New York. His replacement at KCOP was George Van Valkenburg.", "A witty raconteur, Price was a frequent guest on Johnny Carson's Tonight Show, where he once demonstrated how to poach a fish in a dishwasher. He also was a frequent panelist on Hollywood Squares during its initial run. Price was a noted gourmet cook and art collector. From 1962 to 1971, Sears, Roebuck offered the Vincent Price Collection of Fine Art, selling about 50,000 pieces of fine art to the general public. Price selected and commissioned works for the collection, including works by Rembrandt, Pablo Picasso, and Salvador Dal�. He also authored several cookbooks and hosted a cookery TV show, Cooking Pricewise.", "A witty raconteur, Price was a frequent guest on Johnny Carson's Tonight Show, where he once demonstrated how to poach a fish in a dishwasher. He also was a frequent panelist on Hollywood Squares during its initial run.", "Veteran broadcaster who started out in the 60s satire boom and found worldwide fame with his TV interviews", "April 23, 1970: Herb Shriner (51), host of the 1950s game show Two for the Money, died in a car accident. He is also the father of Kin Shriner and Wil Shriner.", "Television Personality. A native of Denver, Colorado, Paul was the announcer for the popular variety show, \"The Ed Sullivan Show\" from 1964 to 1971. Paul also was announcer for the game shows, \"Strike It Rich\" from 1951 to 1955, \"Two For The Money\" from 1952 to 1957, \"What's My Line?\" in 1961, \"Dott... " ]

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[ "John's referring to the gambling brother heroes of the classic 1950s Western TV series, MAVERICK (see also http://home.talkcity.com/chaplinct/mavericktv/gotopage.html or the IMDb ), specifically the irrepressible lead character, Bret Maverick, played by James Garner . Jack Kelly played Bret's brother Bart. In later years, future James Bond Roger Moore played British cousin Beau, and for a measly two episodes, Robert Colbert played another brother, Brent. The series took a downturn when Garner left it after the third season.", "Maverick continued to enjoy solid ratings through the end of the 1950's, but hit a snag in 1960 when James Garner left the program over a contract dispute. To replace him, the producers introduced a new Maverick cousin, Beau. Beau had been sent to London for disgracing the family name during the Civil War (by winning a medal). Beau would be played by Roger Moore, who would later move on to greater fame as James Bond. The show also briefly added another brother, Brent, played by Robert Colbert, before finally ending its run in the summer of 1962. Since then, Maverick has continued to be a popular member of the cult television pantheon. Its enduring status as a beloved show led to two short-lived follow-up series, Young Maverick and Bret Maverick. There was also a 1994 movie version of Maverick which featured James Garner alongside Mel Gibson and Jodie Foster. The follow-ups proved that the magical Maverick mixture of laughter and tumbleweeds was an enduring, age defying source of great family entertainment.", "He joins Tom Hiddleston, Aidan Turner, Idris Elba and Damian Lewis among the names in the frame to play 007.", "Ian Fleming was born on 28 May 1908, at 27 Green Street in the wealthy London district of Mayfair. His mother was Evelyn St Croix Rose, and his father was Valentine Fleming, the Member of Parliament for Henley from 1910. Fleming was the grandson of the Scottish financier Robert Fleming, who founded the Scottish American Investment Trust and the merchant bank Robert Fleming & Co. In 1914, with the start of the First World War, Valentine joined \"C\" Squadron, Queen's Own Oxfordshire Hussars, and rose to the rank of major. He was killed by German shelling on the Western Front on 20 May 1917; Winston Churchill wrote an obituary that appeared in The Times. Because the family owned an estate at Arnisdale, Valentine's death was commemorated on the Glenelg War Memorial.", "The 1967 satire Casino Royale featured not one but two Ms. The first is played by John Huston, who also co-directed. In this film, M's real name is McTarry and he is accidentally killed when, in order to get Bond out of retirement, he orders the military to fire mortars at Bond's mansion when the retired spy refuses to return to duty. The first quarter of the film features Bond's subsequent visit to McTarry Castle in Scotland, on a quest to return the only piece of M's remains recovered after the attack—his bright red toupée. Subsequently, Bond—played by David Niven—becomes the new M and proceeds to order that all MI6 agents, male and female, be renamed \"James Bond 007\" in order to confuse the enemy.", "Trevelyan was able to estimate and factor in other people's moves, as when he realized that Bond had rigged the satellite dish with explosives and then deactivated them with his watch which was actually a detonator. Even when he was at the mercy of an enraged Bond, Alec still didn't beg for his life and smugly repeated his line \"for England, James?\" Only for 007 to reply \"no, for me\" and simply let him fall to his death only for Trevelyan to survive by the skin of his teeth but when the satellite dish falls on Alec it finally chopped the former double-0 into pieces.", "James Bond 007 is a fictional British agent (the Bond character is usually referred to as a spy, but was actually a counter-agent and a professional assassin) created by writer Ian Fleming in 1952. Fleming wrote numerous novels and short stories based upon the character and, after his death in 1964, further literary adventures were written by Kingsley Amis (pseudonym Robert Markham), John Pearson, John Gardner, Raymond Benson, and Charlie Higson. In addition, Christopher Wood wrote two screenplay novelisations and other authors have also written various unofficial permutations of the character.", "\"He had a picture of Tom Cruise hanging in the living room!\". \"No, it was not Tom Cruise. It was Maverick, from Top Gun.\"", "Leiter also appeared in novels by continuation authors, as well as ten films and one television programme, Casino Royale, where the character became a British agent, Clarence Leiter, played by Michael Pate. In the Eon Productions series of films, Leiter has been portrayed by Jack Lord, Cec Linder, Rik Van Nutter, Norman Burton, David Hedison, John Terry and Jeffrey Wright; in the independent production Never Say Never Again, the part was played by Bernie Casey. Leiter has also appeared in the video game 007 Legends.", "Whilst James Bond was recruited into the service as an orphan whose parents had died in a climbing accident, Alec Trevelyan was orphaned when his parents were murdered by the British government. 006 and 007 worked together to infiltrate Arkhangelsk dam facility. During this mission 006 faked his death, but was left heavily scarred by an explosion set off by Bond. Staying underground Trevelyan plans to take control of a satellite laser weapon and using it to steal from the Bank of England.", "Another member of SPECTRE, Emilio Largo (Adolfo Celi) is known as “Number Two” in the organization. He is the main villain of Thunderball, and creates one of the legendary schemes that has been used in dozens of other films. Largo steals missiles and demands $100 million dollars or he will detonate the bombs in the United States or England. Largo, like most SPECTRE agents, is a villain with a massive intellect, but is not physically imposing to Bond (Connery). However, he has the resources of his organization to hire plenty of henchmen to keep him safe. Largo also has a huge shark tank that he uses to try and dispatch Bond with. He is later killed by Domino (Claudine Auger), one of Bond’s accomplices. She shoots him in the back with a harpoon before he could shoot 007.", "Johnny Fedora achieved popularity as a fictional agent of early Cold War espionage, but James Bond is the most commercially successful of the many spy characters created by intelligence insiders during that struggle. His less fantastic rivals include Le Carre's George Smiley and Harry Palmer as played by Michael Caine. Most post-Vietnam era characters were modeled after the American, C.C. Taylor, reportedly the last sanctioned \"asset\" of the U.S. government. Taylor, a true \"Double 0 agent\", worked alone and would travel as an American or Canadian tourist or businessman throughout Europe and Asia, he was used extensively in the Middle East toward the end of his career. Taylor received his weapons training from Carlos Hathcock, holder of a record 93 confirmed kills from WWII through the Viet Nam conflict. According to documents made available through the Freedom of Information Act, his operations were classified as \"NOC\" or Non-Official Cover.", "* Sean Bean as Alec Trevelyan (006) / Janus: Initially another 00 officer and Bond's friend, he fakes his death at Arkhangelsk and then establishes the Janus crime syndicate in the following nine years.", "Connery is best known for portraying the character James Bond , starring in seven Bond films between 1962 and 1983 (six Eon Productions films and the non-canonical Thunderball remake, Never Say Never Again ). [2] In 1988, Connery won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in The Untouchables . [3] His film career also includes such films as Marnie , The Name of the Rose , The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen , Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade , The Hunt for Red October , Highlander , Murder on the Orient Express , Dragonheart , and The Rock . He was knighted in July 2000. [4] [5] Connery has been polled as \"The Greatest Living Scot\" [6] and \"Scotland's Greatest Living National Treasure\". [7] In 1989, he was proclaimed \"Sexiest Man Alive\" by People magazine and in 1999, at age 69, he was voted \"Sexiest Man of the Century\".", "A distant cousin and frequent golfing partner of Bond creator Ian Fleming , Lee was the author's personal pick for the role of Dr. No (1962) in the first 007 film. The role, of course, went to actor Joseph Wiseman , who was brilliant. However, fans of the literary Bond might want to check out Lee's portrayal of Chinese master criminal Fu Manchu, for an idea of how Ian Fleming himself envisioned Dr. No.", "* Desmond Llewelyn, Royal Welch Fusiliers, later known as the actor playing Q in 17 James Bond films", "Royal Navy Commander James Bond, CMG, RNVR, is a fictional character created by British journalist and novelist Ian Fleming in 1953. He is the main protagonist of the James Bond series of novels, films, comics and video games.", "At the fictional Nakatomi Plaza, East German terrorists break in and take the celebrants hostage. McClane escapes detection and hides throughout the building. He kills off the gang and learns their real aim, to steal $640 million in bearer bonds from the building's vault. In the finale, McClane shoots the terrorist leader, Hans Gruber (Alan Rickman), out the window to fall thirty stories.", "Fleming based his creation on a number of individuals he met during his time in the Naval Intelligence Division, and admitted that Bond \"was a compound of all the secret agents and commando types I met during the war\". [78] Amongst those types were his brother Peter, whom he worshipped, [78] and who had been involved in behind-the-lines operations in Norway and Greece during the war. [7] Fleming envisaged that Bond would resemble the composer, singer and actor Hoagy Carmichael , although others, such as author and historian Ben Macintyre , identify aspects of Fleming's own looks in his description of Bond. [79] [80] General references in the novels describe Bond as having \"dark, rather cruel good looks\". [81]", "Fleming based his creation on a number of individuals he met during his time in the Naval Intelligence Division, and admitted that Bond \"was a compound of all the secret agents and commando types I met during the war\". Amongst those types were his brother Peter, whom he worshipped, and who had been involved in behind-the-lines operations in Norway and Greece during the war. Fleming envisaged that Bond would resemble the composer, singer and actor Hoagy Carmichael, although others, such as author and historian Ben Macintyre, identify aspects of Fleming's own looks in his description of Bond. General references in the novels describe Bond as having \"dark, rather cruel good looks\".", "After leaving school at 16, Brosnan began training in commercial illustration, but trained at the Drama Centre in London for three years. Following a stage acting career he rose to popularity in the television series Remington Steele (1982–87). After Remington Steele, Brosnan took the lead in many films such as Dante's Peak and The Thomas Crown Affair. In 1995, he became the fifth actor to portray secret agent James Bond in the official film series, starring in four films between 1995 and 2002. He also provided his voice and likeness to Bond in the 2004 video game James Bond 007: Everything or Nothing.", "In this coffee table book, the British actor, who played 007 from 1973's \"Live and Let Die\" through 1985's \"A View to a Kill,\" wittily recounts his experiences making the blockbuster action-thrillers.", "Die Another Day (2002) is the twentieth spy film in the James Bond series, and the fourth and final film to star Pierce Brosnan as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. The film follows Bond as he leads a mission to North Korea, during which he is betrayed and, after seemingly killing a rogue North Korean colonel, is captured and imprisoned. Fourteen months later, Bond is released as part of a prisoner exchange. Surmising that someone within the British government betrayed him, he attempts to earn redemption by tracking down his betrayer and killing a North Korean agent he believes was involved in his torture.", "The Living Daylights (1987) is the fifteenth entry in the James Bond film series and the first to star Timothy Dalton as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. The film's title is taken from Ian Fleming's short story, \"The Living Daylights\". It was the last film to use the title of an Ian Fleming story until the 2006 instalment Casino Royale.", "Two decades after the peak of the spy genre, MacGuyver introduced its titular secret agent, played by Richard Dean Anderson, to TV audiences in 1985. MacGuyver was a rough and ready, DIY version of Bond, more comfortable in t-shirt and jeans than tux and bow-tie, and famously had a knack for using everyday household objects to create everything from radios to missiles. The character and tropes of the show were later spoofed in the 2010 comedy film MacGruber.", "From 1964-68, Vaughn played Solo with Scottish co-star David McCallum playing his fellow agent Illya Kuryakin. This production spawned a spinoff show, large amounts of merchandising, overseas theatrical movies of re-edited episodes, and a sequel The Return of the Man from U.N.C.L.E. - The Fifteen-Year-Later Affair. In the year the series ended, Vaughn landed a large role playing Chalmers, an ambitious California politician in the film Bullitt starring Steve McQueen; he was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actor for this role.", "Connery is best known for portraying the character James Bond, starring in seven Bond films between 1962 and 1983. In 1988, Connery won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in The Untouchables. His film career also includes such films as Marnie, The Name of the Rose, The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, The Hunt for Red October, Highlander, Murder on the Orient Express, Dragonheart, and The Rock.", "The 7th Earl of Lucan, known as ‘Lucky’ for his gambling skills, was a debonair man about town who was once considered a contender to play James Bond. In 1963, Lucan wed Veronica, played here by Catherine McCormack, and they had three children.", "In The Man with the Red Tattoo , James Bond has to deal with a Japanese nationalist terrorist who is a \"Dark Lord\" of a fictiona Ryujin-kai yakuza gang.", "actor , best known for his role as M in the first eleven James Bond films.", "Thanks for your comment Sam, but this list is all about the EON Production series of 007 movies. Perhaps I should make a new list that includes everyone 🙂", "A lifelong fan of the 007 movies, Spielberg has never directed a feature in the successful franchise, though he did the next best thing directing his share of notable 007 series alumni such as:" ]

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[ "Callahan distracts Briggs and knocks him out, then kills the pursuing Grimes by hitting him head-on with his car. He runs onto an old escort aircraft carrier as the remaining two vigilantes arrive. The unarmed Callahan evades his pursuers and kills Astrachan with his bare hands, then rides his motorcycle with Davis in pursuit. After a series of daring jumps on the carrier, the two cyclists run out of deck space; Callahan is able to stop but Davis falls in the sea with his motorcycle and he is killed. Briggs confronts the inspector back at his car and threatens to prosecute Callahan for killing fellow cops. The inspector surreptitiously activates the timer on the mail bomb; it explodes, killing Briggs. The final scene of the movie is a close-up of Callahan's face as he says, \"A man's got to know his limitations\", before he walks away.", "The color sequences are shown reverse-chronologically. In the story's chronology, Leonard gets a tattoo, based on self-directed instructions, of John G's license plate. Finding a note in his clothes, he meets Natalie (Carrie-Anne Moss), a bartender who resents Leonard as he wears the clothes and drives the car of her boyfriend, Jimmy. After understanding his condition, she uses it to get Leonard to drive a man named Dodd (Callum Keith Rennie) out of town and offers to run the license plate to help his investigation. Meanwhile, Leonard meets with a contact, Teddy (Joe Pantoliano). Teddy helps with Dodd, but warns him about Natalie; Leonard finds a photo written to not trust him, however. Natalie provides Leonard the driver's license, which shows a John Edward Gammell, Teddy's full name. Confirming Leonard's information on \"John G\" and his warnings, Leonard meets Teddy and drives him to an abandoned building, killing him as shown in the opening.", "Meanwhile, San Francisco Police Department Homicide Inspector Harry Callahan is frustrated when a liberal judge yet again dismisses a case of his due to what she sees as unreasonable search and seizure. Later, at his favorite diner, the inspector interrupts a robbery and kills most of the criminals. When the surviving robber takes a hostage, Callahan targets the man with his .44 Magnum and challenges him to \"Go ahead, make my day\". The criminal surrenders. Callahan later causes powerful crime lord Threlkis to suffer a fatal heart attack at his granddaughter's wedding reception when Callahan threatens him with prosecution in a murder case.", "III. Teddy's license: (1) Name: John Edward Gammel, (2) City: San Francisco, and (3) Plate number: SG13-7IU (seven-i-u). Note the tattoo has 71U and the car changes from 7IU to 71U in the movie - a hint of how treacherous the memory is!", "*Toyota and Universal Pictures celebrated the 30th anniversary of the film series with a Toyota Tacoma Concept that was inspired by the original 1985 pickup that Toyota created for the 1985 film. The 2016 Tacoma 4WD was recreated using the same features and black color paint trim, KC HiLite driving lamps (modified with LED lighting), modified headlights and taillights (matching the 1985 version), the Toyota badging to the truck's tailgate, as well as the same D-4S fuel injection, the 1985-inspired mudflaps, and customized license plates matching the 2015 vehicles in Part II. The only difference between the 1985 original and the 2016 concept is the tires: Goodyear was featured in the 1985 film, while BF Goodrich is used on the concept. Toyota notes that this is a one-off concept as there are no plans to offer it as a package or level trim. Toyota also produced a promotional video starring Michael J. Fox and Christopher Lloyd and featuring many of the locations depicted in the film series, wherein the Delorean's Mr. Fusion is used as a comparison for Toyota's hydrogen powered Mirai. ", "Hilts wears a thin gold necklace around his neck with a round gold-colored pendant. So far as I know, this is not explained in the film and is likely just Steve McQueen being Steve McQueen, as we see a similar necklace in Bullitt and other films. On his left ring finger is a wide silver ring, not clearly a wedding band, but in the traditional place of one. The Hilts character takes on a whole new level for me if it turns out that the hot shot engineering student who joined the war to show off his skills with planes and motorcycles was also married. Thoughts?", "Another weapon in the terrorists' arsenal, an M60E3 Machine Gun is the weapon used by Alexander to turn Sgt. Al Powell ( Reginald VelJohnson )'s police car into \"swiss cheese\" after McClane throws Marco out of a window and onto the hood of his car. It is also used to shoot out spotlights during the attempted SWAT raid on the Nakatomi building.", "Alex finishes shoveling snow for his snooty neighbor, Mrs. Hess , who then pays him with a remote control car that she mistook for her own bag at the airport. Alex returns home with the car, which unbeknownst to him hides a powerful missile defense microchip sought after by a group of professional criminals, Peter Beaupre , Alice Ribbons , Burton Jernigan , and Earl Unger . The next day Alex is left home alone with a case of the chicken pox when his mom  Karen has to run by the office for a while. The four criminals initiate a house-to-house search for the toy car, starting with a house close to Alex’s.", "Different traffic signs are used throughout the film, complementing the actions of the characters during the scenes. At the beginning, while Luke cuts the heads off the parking meters, the word \"Violation\" appears. Stop signs are also seen. Instances include the road-paving scene and the last scene, where the road meets at a cross section. Traffic lights turn from green to red in the background at the time Luke is arrested, while at the end, when he is fatally wounded, a green light in the background turns to red.", "In the 1993 Warner Bros. film Demolition Man, as Sylvester Stallone 's character is fighting the malfunctioning AI of his out-of-control police car, he shouts for the system to \"Brake! Brake! Brake, now, you Mickey Mouse piece of crap!\" [3]", "The vehicle Wallace drives in the film is an Austin A35 van. In collaboration with Aardman in the spring of 2005, a road-going replica of the model was created by brothers Mark and David Armé, founders of the International Austin A30/A35 Register, for promotional purposes. In a 500-man-hour customisation, an original 1964 van received a full body restoration before being dented and distressed to perfectly replicate the model van used in the film. The official colour of the van is Preston Green, named in honour of Nick Park's home town. The name was chosen by the Art Director and Mark Armé.", "The quote \"I feel the need- the need for speed\" was used in the \" Inspector Gadget \" film when the Gadget character was about to drive out of the junkyard.", "The vehicle Wallace drives in the film is an Austin A35 van. In collaboration with Aardman in the spring of 2005, a road-going replica of the model was created by brothers Mark and David Armé, founders of the International Austin A30/A35 Register, for promotional purposes. In a 500-man-hour customisation, an original 1964 van received a full body restoration before being dented and distressed to perfectly replicate the model van used in the film. The official colour of the van is Preston Green, named in honour of Nick Park’s home town. The name was chosen by the Art Director and Mark Armé.", "Blart takes a break in the arcade and plays Detroit Rock City via Rock Band. He eventually walks back out in the mall, and discovers the entire mall is evacuated and under a state of emergency. Upon realizing this, he calls the police, and slips out of the mall to speak with Commander Sergeant Howard (Adam Ferrara). Blart realizes Anderson is still inside after spotting her car in the parking lot and decides to return to the mall to look for her. A state SWAT team soon arrives with Commander James Kent (Bobby Cannavale) at the helm. Kent, a former classmate and bully from Blart's childhood, takes control of the police units and orders Blart to let them handle the situation. After spotting Anderson as one of the hostages, Blart refuses and attempts a rescue. Vastly outnumbered and physically outclassed, Blart takes a stand against Simms' crew using improvised measures to take them down one by one. He discovers credit card codes written in invisible ink on the burglars' arms and realizes that their real plans go beyond robbing the bank.", "Also in the mission, Final Interview, the lawyer Tom Goldberg, which Niko has to kill on orders of Francis McReary, is supposedly based on a real-life disbarred lawyer, Jack Thompson, who is an activist against violent video games for minors and is a well noble arch-enemy of Rockstar. One of the lines Goldberg says when Niko pulls out a gun during the interview is a real-life reference to one of Thompson's famous lines against violent shooting games that are \"murder simulators\" is \"Guns don't kill people, video games do!\"", "Informed Flaw : Doug's view of Bullet-Tooth Tony as 'a liability' doesn't seem entirely fair, since he's pretty much a paragon of efficient, understated badassery throughout the film. Yes, in real life you'd probably get pulled in for driving along with an informant's head trapped in your car window or drawing a Desert Eagle in a pub - but in a universe where one can apparently limp freely through London flourishing an assault rifle and muttering to oneself in Uzbek, that's not really relevant. Granted, Doug's reaction to the mention of Tony may just be an indication that, to him, the situation has escalated the possibility of Tony's involvement will make things too violent and dangerous for Doug's liking. Given that seconds later, Tony is shown slamming a guy's head against the door of his car, and how violent some of the events Tony is involved with will become, Doug's not exactly wrong.", "Hard Chrome Heckler & Koch P7M13 - 9x19mm. This is the screen-used firearm carried by Alan Rickman in the film Die Hard. Thanks to James Georgopoulos .", "In the 1993 Warner Bros. film Demolition Man , as Sylvester Stallone 's character is fighting the malfunctioning AI of his out-of-control police car, he shouts for the system to \"Brake! Brake! Brake, now, you Mickey Mouse piece of shit!\" [34]", "The Falcon Ranchero that Oddjob uses to remove the remains of the Lincoln initially has blackwall tires and in the final scene where it passes the agent's T-Bird it has whitewalls. When it arrives back at Goldfinger's compound it has blackwalls again.", "Notice the marks on the gun mantlet. Also notice how the modern sights and smoke grenade launchers are covered up in the movie. Also note the shape of the driver's hatch.", "Steve McQueen as Lt. Frank Bullitt, San Francisco inspector (they don’t call them detectives in the SFPD)", "Paul Walker is an undercover FBI agent endeavouring to infiltrate the illegal street racing fraternity in LA in an attempt to identify the gang responsible for a series of daring lorry hi-jacks. Vin Diesel is the unsung king of the street-racing circuit and thus number one suspect. Walker has to befriend Diesel to establish his cover, but also gets involved with Diesel�s sister (Mia Loretto).", "Here's a riddle for you. What do you call a piece of electronics which stopped working the way it was supposed to? We'll give you a hint: it starts with an \"m\" and Eminem cuold make it rhyme with \"mouth-puncturing.\" Johnny 5 was not only a malfunctioning piece of machinery for which Skroeder was responsible, he was a dangerous robot designed for killing and armed with one of the most powerful lasers in the world. If Skroeder could stop Johnny 5 and fix the broken, highly dangerous robot from wandering around a world full of life, the value of which he didn't understand, Skroeder would be a god damned hero.", "Keyser S�ze (play /ˈkaɪzər ˈsoʊzeɪ/ ky-zər soh-zay) is a fictional character in the 1995 film The Usual Suspects, written by Christopher McQuarrie and directed by Bryan Singer. According to Roger \"Verbal\" Kint, S�ze is a crimelord whose ruthlessness and influence have acquired a legendary, even mythical, status among police and criminals. The character was named the #48 villain in the American Film Institute's \"AFI's 100 Years…100 Heroes and Villains\" in June 2003.", "In one episode of GTA, JJ sorts out a traffic problem... using a sticky bomb .", "* Sludge (2006) - Henchmen of Mr. Oily who captured Tracy and Liz. Accidentally crashed into Oily's garage. Unknown if killed in garage fire or arrested by police. ", "* Inside the LAPD Headquarters, an officer shouts \"Hey Slater! It's your ex-wife on two!\". This is actor Mike Muscat, who also played Moshier in Terminator 2: Judgment Day, one of the Cyberdyne Security officers on the phone who calls the police to say \"I think it's that guy from the mall. Him and the woman\". Coincidentally Muscat was also Edward Furlong's acting coach.", "A shorter, somewhat different version of this article appeared in: The Gun as Star and the \"U.N.C.L.E. Special.\" In M. Pomerance & J. Sakeris (Eds.), Bang Bang, Shoot Shoot! Essays on Guns and Popular Culture. NY: Simon and Shuster, 1999.", "The Driller Killer (1974): An artist goes completely Ax-Crazy and starts killing people with his trusty drill . One of the most notorious Video Nasties .", "Magnum Force (1973) was directed by Ted Post. The main theme of this film is vigilante justice, and the plot revolves around a group of renegade traffic cops who are executing criminals who have avoided conviction in court. Despite Harry's penchant for strong-arm methods, he does not tolerate coldblooded murder of the accused and resolves to stop the killers. In this film, Harry's catch-phrase is \"A man's got to know his limitations.\"", "Magnum Force ( 1973 ), directed by Ted Post . The main theme of this film is vigilante justice , and the plot revolves around a group of renegade traffic cops who are executing criminals who have avoided conviction in court. Despite Harry's penchant for strong-arm methods, he does not tolerate coldblooded murder of the accused and resolves to stop the killers. In this film Harry's catch-phrase is \"A man's got to know his limitations.\"", "(f) The ____________of the smashed car was left by the road as a warning to motorists." ]

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[ "In 1976, the half-hour series was revamped into a 90-minute format, as The Pink Panther Laugh and a Half Hour and a Half Show; this version included a live-action segment, where the show's host, comedian Lenny Schultz, would read letters and jokes from viewers. This version flopped, and would change back to the original half-hour version in 1977. In 1978, after nine years on NBC, The Pink Panther moved to ABC, where it lasted one season before leaving the network realm entirely. The ABC version of the series featured sixteen episodes with 32 new Pink Panther cartoons, and 16 of Crazylegs Crane. The 32 new Pink Panther cartoons were eventually released to theaters by United Artists.", "In the fall of 1969, the Pink Panther cartoons made their way to NBC television shown Saturday mornings via The Pink Panther Show. NBC added a laugh track to the original cartoons, with Marvin Miller brought on as an off-camera narrator talking to the Pink Panther during bumper segments featuring the Pink Panther and The Inspector together.", "The studio was sold to Marvel Comics in 1981, and became Marvel Productions. In 1984, the Pink Panther was licensed to produced the short-lived Saturday morning series, Pink Panther and Sons in which the still-silent Pink Panther was given two talking sons, Pinky and Panky. Yet another new series of cartoons, called The Pink Panther, produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Animation, premiered in syndication in 1993, and had the Pink Panther speaking with the voice of Matt Frewer (of Max Headroom fame). Unlike the original shorts, not all episode titles contained the word \"pink,\" although many instead contained the word \"panther.\"", "The first film in the series had an animated opening sequence (created by DePatie-Freleng ) set to the theme music by Henry Mancini , featuring The Pink Panther character . This character, designed by Hawley Pratt , was subsequently given its own series of animated films — as well as being featured in the opening of every film in the series except A Shot in the Dark and Inspector Clouseau — and came to be known simply as \"the Pink Panther\".", "The animated Pink Panther character's initial appearance in the live action film's title sequence, directed by Friz Freleng, was such a success with audiences and United Artists that the studio signed Freleng and his DePatie-Freleng Enterprises studio to a multi-year contract for a series of Pink Panther theatrical cartoon shorts. The first entry in the series, 1964's The Pink Phink, (which was also his first appearance) featured the Panther harassing his foil, a little white moustached man who is actually a caricature of Friz Freleng (this character is officially known as \"The Man\"), by constantly trying to paint the little man's blue house pink. The Pink Phink won the 1964 Academy Award for Animated Short Film, and subsequent shorts in the series, usually featuring the Pink Panther opposite the little man, were successful releases.", "Curse of the Pink Panther is a 1983 comedy film. It is a continuation of The Pink Panther series of films started by Blake Edwards in the early 1960s. The film was one of two produced concurrently following the death of the series' star Peter Sellers. Whereas the previous film Trail of the Pink Panther made use of unused footage of Sellers as Inspector Clouseau, Curse attempted to relaunch the series with a new lead, Ted Wass, as bumbling American detective Clifton Sleigh, assigned to find the missing Inspector Clouseau. ", "Inspector Jacques Clouseau is the comically clumsy French detective of the Pink Panther film series. Clouseau fancies himself a suave master of deduction and disguises, but invariably ends up falling off couches, stumbling over potted plants and creating havoc while baffling interviewees with his ridiculous paté-thick accent. The series relied on the deadpan slapstick skills of Peter Sellers , who played Clouseau in six different films. The first, The Pink Panther was officially released in 1964. Other films included: A Shot in the Dark (1964), Inspector Clouseau (1968, with Alan Arkin as Clouseau), The Return of the Pink Panther (1974), The Pink Panther Strikes Again (1976), Revenge of the Pink Panther (1978), Trail of the Pink Panther (1982, made after Sellers’ death by using old clips), Curse of the Pink Panther (1983, with Roger Moore in a cameo as Clouseau), and Son of the Pink Panther (1993, with Roberto Benigni as Clouseau’s equally clumsy son, also named Jacques). A fresh version of The Pink Panther, starring Steve Martin as Clouseau, was released in 2006.", "Like Fat Albert, Pink Panther is a character who inspires a tune in your head as soon as you see him, this one in a jazzy saxophone. The Pink Panther was a series of animated shorts, designed to appear at the opening and closing credits of live-action films starring Inspector Clouseau. His popularity allowed him to become his own cartoon, still airing on Boomerang.", "The Pink Panther is a series of comedy films featuring an inept French police detective, Inspector Jacques Clouseau. The series began with the release of The Pink Panther (1963). The role of Clouseau was originated by, and is most closely associated with, Peter Sellers. Most of the films were directed and co-written by Blake Edwards, with theme music composed by Henry Mancini.", "The Pink Panther Show animated, 6 Sep 1969-??? (NBC); 12 Sep 1970-??? (UK: BBC1); ??? 30-minute episodes; Adapted: from the wonderful title sequence in the feature film The Pink Panther (1963) which starred David Niven and Peter Sellers (as bumbling Inspector Clouseau); Producers: David De Patie, Fritz Freleng; Music: Henry Mancini.", "The Pink Panther is a series of comedy films featuring the bungling French police detective Jacques Clouseau that began in 1963 with the release of the film of the same name. The role was originated by, and is most closely associated with, Peter Sellers. Most of the films were directed and co-written by Blake Edwards, with theme music composed by Henry Mancini.", "On this day in 1963 United Artists ( Tank Girl ) released The Pink Panther, a live-action film named after a gem that figured prominently in the plot it was the animated title sequence, by DePatie-Freleng ( Here Comes the Grump ) that introduced the cartoon character of that name. Whatever it referred to, The Pink Panther was first seen 47 years ago today.", "* John Byner (The Ant and the Aardvark in The Ant and the Aardvark cartoon shorts and the 1993 Pink Panther TV series, Bill the Cat in A Wish for Wings That Work, Gurgi and Doli in The Black Cauldron, Alien Object and Man's Voice in The Angry Beavers, David Litterbin SWAT Kats: The Radical Squadron, Dr. Gerhardt Morsink in Duckman)", "In 1976, he played the animated cartoon character \"Misterjaw\", a blue, German-accented shark (with a bow tie and top hat), who liked to leap out of the water and shout \"HEEGotcha!\" or \"Gotcha!\" at unsuspecting folks on The Pink Panther Laugh-and-a-Half Hour-and-a-Half Show. He also voiced the character \"Rhubarb\" on The Houndcats. Also in 1976, he appeared as a guest on Canadian TV show Celebrity Cooks with host Bruno Gerussi and a clip from his episode was featured in the opening credits until the show ended in 1987.", "Also noticed an intro of \"The Pink Panther Show\" on This TV I haven't seen before that features the actual theme from Henry Mancini and footage of the Panther eating the background (taken from \"Pink Outs\") and turning into the title card with a picture of his face with the show's title.", "Cato has long held a desire to own and run a high-class brothel and later opens a museum to Inspector Clouseau's memory. Cato is the only recurring character in the Pink Panther series to have been played by only one actor, Burt Kwouk.", "He appeared in numerous films and television programmes. He was best known for playing Cato Fong, I nspector Clouseau’s manservant in The Pink Panther movies. The running gag was that Cato was ordered to attack Clouseau when he least expected it to keep him alert, usually resulting in Clouseau’s flat being wrecked. Amid the chaos, the phone would ring and Cato would calmly answer it with “Inspector/Chief Inspector Clouseau’s residence,” before dutifully handing the phone to his employer and being thumped by Clouseau.", "Crazylegs Crane is a 16-episode made-for-television cartoon series produced by DePatie-Freleng Enterprises in 1978 for The All New Pink Panther Show on ABC.", "From October of last year, This has shown about over 72  episodes from most of the tv packages (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pink_Panther_Show#Incarnations) with The Inspector, Ant & Aardvark, and Crazy Legs Crane. With two episodes per week.", "The Pink Panther Show - The Pink Panther, The Inspector, Deux-Deux, The Blue Aardvark and Crazylegs Crane", "Between 1993 and 1995 a new series featuring the Pink Panther was made, controversially talking with an American accent.", "1954 - Comedian Jack Paar replaced Walter Cronkite as host of The Morning Show on CBS-TV. Cronkite came back as host in October, 1955, when Paar didn�t pan out. Television found Paar�s forte three years later as the host of The Tonight Show.", "in 1957 - BBC Television aired its new rock & roll show 'Cool For Cats' for the first time. With a miniscule budget, the program was forced to rely on artists miming and the talents of a resident dance group (led by Douglas Squires). Ker Robertson, the first host, was succeeded after a few weeks by Kent Walton, later better known for his ITV wrestling commentaries", "Crazylegs Crane previously aired as part of The All-New Pink Panther Show on This TV on Tuesdays and Thursdays at 8:30 AM Eastern time until September 22, 2011. Also, most of the shorts often air as filler material on Boomerang. Some episodes have also appeared on YouTube, Hulu and other online video sites.", "The presenter was the avuncular Johnny Morris. His charismatic style and genuine fondness for animals made the show an instant hit with children and adults alike. The show combined jovial voiceovers applied to various animals from Bristol Zoo with some basic educational features.", "Sid Caesar, whose clever, anarchic comedy on such programs as \"Your Show of Shows\" and \"Caesar's Hour\" helped define the 1950s \"Golden Age of Television,\" died on February 12. He was 91.", "Pink Panther – Originally the lanky cartoon character used in the ‘Pink Panther’ film titles and credit but he took on a life of his own. Outfit involves a full pink bodysuit with cartoon-style mask.", "In 1960, after the expiration of his exclusive contract with Warner Bros., Blanc continued working for WB, but also began providing voices for the TV cartoons produced by Hanna-Barbera; his most famous roles during this time were Barney Rubble of The Flintstones and Cosmo Spacely of The Jetsons. His other notable voice roles for Hanna-Barbara included Dino the Dinosaur, Secret Squirrel, Speed Buggy, and Captain Caveman, as well as voices for Wally Gator and The Perils of Penelope Pitstop.", "Making History With a Hound Dog During The Ruff and Reddy Show’s second season in 1958, Bill and Joe unveiled their first half-hour cartoon series made specifically for", "Actor who appeared alongside Milton Berle and Frank Sinatra and was known for his nerdy looks and distinctive nasal voice. He voiced cartoons, including the lead character in the 1960s cartoon Top Cat, and did dozens of commercials. Pneumonia, Dec. 20.", "* Larry Kenney (voice of Lion-O from Thundercats, Sonny the Cuckoo Bird in the Cocoa Puffs commercials)", "February 25: The comedyvariety program Your Show of Shows, starring Sid Caesar, Imogene Coca, and Carl Reiner, debuts on the NBC television network." ]

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[ "Forty-seven-year-old Hartman was a graphic artist designing album covers before he decided to join the Groundlings comedy troupe in 1975 \"just for fun\"--and that's where he met Paul Reubens, aka Pee-wee Herman. Hartman played the crusty Kap'n Karl on TV's \"Pee-wee's Playhouse,\" and co-scripted the wacky 1985 hit feature film \"Pee-wee's Big Adventure.\" A year later, Hartman got his first big break as an actor when he joined the cast of TV's \"Saturday Night Live.\"", "Paul Reubens (born Paul Rubenfeld; August 27, 1952) is an American actor, writer, film producer, game show host, and comedian, best known for his character Pee-wee Herman. Reubens joined the Los Angeles troupe The Groundlings in the 1970s and started his career as an improvisational comedian and stage actor. In 1982, Reubens put up a show about a character he had been developing for years. The show was called The Pee-wee Herman Show and it ran for five sold-out months with HBO producing a successful special about it. Pee-wee became an instant cult figure and for the next decade Reubens would be completely committed to his character, doing all of his public appearances and interviews as Pee-wee. In 1985 Pee-wee's Big Adventure, directed by the then-unknown Tim Burton, was a financial and critical success, and soon developed into a cult film. Big Top Pee-wee, 1988's sequel, was less successful than its predecessor. Between 1986 and 1990, Reubens starred as Pee-wee in the CBS Saturday-morning children's program Pee-wee's Playhouse.", "In 1986, Reubens (billed as Paul Mall) was the voice of the ship's computer in Flight of the Navigator. In 1987, Reubens provided the voice of REX, the main robot in the George Lucas produced Disneyland attraction, Star Tours, and reprised the role of Pee-wee Herman in cameo appearances in the film Back to the Beach and TV show Sesame Street, the latter of which made a cameo in Playhouse.", "Pee-Wee was a funny man-child of indeterminate age and sexuality who created a sarcastic enthusiasm for the popular culture of the '50s and '60s. The geeky character's wardrobe consisted of a gray suit, a white short-sleeved shirt accessorized with a red clip-on bow tie, and white patent-leather loafers. He wore his jet-black hair military short with a defiant tuft in front, and he accentuated his lily-white complexion with pink cheeks and red lipstick. Reubens drew inspiration for Pee-Wee's geeky behavior from a youth he had attended summer camp with, and derived his creation's boyish voice from a character he played as a child actor. Pee-Wee appeared for only 10 minutes of The Groundlings show, but he nonetheless built up a considerable following and turned out to be a star of the '80s and early '90s. The Pee Wee Herman Show , ran for five sellout months at the Los Angeles's Roxy nightclub, and HBO taped the performance and aired it as a special.", "With the help of other Groundlings like John Paragon, Phil Hartman and Lynne Marie Stewart, Pee-wee acquired a small group of followers and Reubens took his show to The Roxy Theatre where \"The Pee-wee Herman Show\" ran for five sellout months, doing midnight shows for adults and weekly matinees for children, moving into the mainstream when HBO aired The Pee-wee Herman Show in 1981 as part of their series On Location. Reubens also appeared as Pee-wee in the 1980 film Cheech & Chong's Next Movie. Although it was Reubens in the role of Pee-Wee, the end credits of the movie billed him as Hamburger Dude. Reubens' act had mainly positive reactions and quickly acquired a group of fans, despite being described as \"bizarre\", and Reubens being described as \"the weirdest comedian around\". Pee-wee was both \"corny\" and \"hip\", \"retrograde\" and \"avant-garde\". ", "Best known as \"Pee Wee Herman\". TV show \"Pee Wee's Playhouse\" was cancelled in 1989 after Reubens was arrested in Florida and charged with indecent exposure.", "In 1975, for \"psychological release,\" Hartman joined the Groundlings, an improv comedy troupe in LA. There, he met Paul Reubens, with whom he wrote Reubens' star vehicle, Pee-Wee's Big Adventure. In 1986, Hartman became a regular on both Pee-Wee's Playhouse (as Kap'n Karl) and on Saturday Night Live (playing everyone from Barbara Bush to Frank Sinatra). \"I'm Mr. Potato Head\" Hartman told PEOPLE of his broad range of imitations.", "In an interview today with MTV Movies Blog, Pee-Wee Herman (aka Paul Reubens ) confirmed that he’s finished a script for Pee-Wee’s Playhouse: The Movie and is hoping to get it made.  I’m sure that the millions of fans of Tim Burton ’s Pee-Wee’s Big Adventure as well as the TV series of Pee-Wee’s Playhouse are hoping for the same thing.  To help get it made, Pee-Wee is about to debut a live multimedia stage production and if it goes well he’s hoping that moviegoers will want to go back to the Playhouse.", "Now a genuine comedy-circuit star, he became a frequent guest of David Letterman and a favorite at Caroline's in New York. In 1984, he sold out Carnegie Hall. He later auditioned for the cast of Saturday Night Live , but when that didn't turn out as planned, he started writing a feature-length screenplay for Pee-Wee to star in, and asked friend Tim Burton to direct. Released to wildly divergent reviews, Pee-wee's Big Adventure , followed its star cross-country in a madcap search for his beloved, stolen bike. The $7 million picture ended up grossing $45 million. That following year, CBS which had been losing children's audiences to cable programming, was interested in finding something to shore up its Saturday Morning lineup. The network company signed him to act/produce and to direct its live-action children's program called Pee-wee's Playhouse . They doled out an eye-popping budget of $325,000 per episode - the same price as a prime- time sitcom. Reubens received complete creative control, albeit with three minor exceptions. During its five-year-run on CBS, he never appeared in general as himself. He even granted printed interviews in full Pee-Wee regalia.", "The success of Pee-wee Herman had astonished everyone, even Paul. It started with the appearances with an underground comedy troupe in L.A. in the late ‘70s, then went on to the night-club act that HBO picked up as “The Pee-wee Herman Show” in 1982. Then came two movies, Pee-wee’s Big Adventure and Big Top Pee-wee, “Pee-wee Herman’s Playhouse” with its 16 Emmys, the cover of Life and Rolling Stone, even the keynote speech at the Republican National Convention, in which Michael Dukakis was compared to him. Football players did the Pee-wee dance after scoring a touchdown. By the end of the ‘80s, an incredible 96 percent of all Americans recognized Pee-wee’s name.", "Paul Reubens is a Jewish-American comedian, actor and writer. Reubens is more widely known by his persona Pee-wee Herman, a character he created while performing with the improvisational group, The Groundings. Later Reubens created the Pee-wee Herman Show which ran for five months at the Roxy Theater. He… more", "Pee-wee Herman is an ambiguous man-child who is always referred to as a \"boy\" but is played by the obviously adult Paul Reubens. In the live Pee-wee Herman Show performed with the Groundlings, as well as Peewees Big Adventure , Pee-wee has a number of friends who are also adults playing children.", "Since 2006, Reubens has been making cameos and guest appearances in numerous projects, such as Reno 911!, 30 Rock, Dirt, Pushing Daisies, and The Blacklist. Since the 1990s, he has worked on two possible Pee-wee films: one dark and adult, dubbed The Pee-wee Herman Story, and one a family-friendly epic adventure called Pee-wee's Playhouse: The Movie. In 2010, he starred on Broadway in The Pee-wee Herman Show.", "There were also a huge number of cameo appearances by famous singers, actors and directors including  Ray Charles  (Ray the owner of Ray’s Music Exchange), James Brown  (Reverend Cleophus James), Cab Calloway  (Curtis),  John Lee Hooker , Aretha Franklin  (Mrs. Murphy), Carrie Fisher  (Mystery Woman – basically a vindictive former fiancée shunned by Jake), John Candy  (Burton Mercer – Jake’s Correctional Officer), Frank Oz (of The Muppets and Yoda fame – he was one of the Joliet Prison guards),  Paul Reubens (Chez Paul waiter who was later to become famous as Pee-wee Herman), John Landis was one of the troopers, Steven Spielberg  (a clerk in the Cook County Assessors Office) and even Twiggy the British model (Chic Lady) who was stood up by Elwood at the West Wind Motel.", "Now: You can hear Reubens’ voice on ‘TRON: Uprising’ and he brought Pee-wee to Broadway and pops up as the character on shows like ‘Late Night With Jimmy Fallon.’ Rumor has it he’s working on bringing his bratty altar ego back to the big screen for producer Judd Apatow.", "Even though he's been out of the public spotlight for quite a while, everyone still knows the name Pee-Wee Herman.  The character created by, and portrayed by, actor Paul Reubens became a cultural icon in the 1980's as we went on an adventure with him to find his bike, or just hung out with him in his Playhouse.", "Credits pioneer TV children's show host Pinky Lee as a partial inspiration for his character Pee-Wee Herman. Like Reubens, Lee also wore a tight checked suit and hat as part of his characterization.", "The Pee-wee Herman Show will run at the Club Nokia theater in Los Angeles from January 12th to February 7th. It will feature 20 puppets, along with many original cast members, »", "Actor Gilbert Lewis (April 6, 1941-May 7, 2015) appeared in the films \"Cotton Comes to Harlem,\" \"The Hot Rock,\" \"Across 110th Street,\" and \"Fort Apache, the Bronx,\" and on the series \"Spenser: For Hire,\" \"The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air,\" \"Cheers,\" and \"Law & Order.\" But he was perhaps most recognizable as the original King of Cartoons on \"Pee-Wee's Playhouse.\"", "The Cosby Show is an American television sitcom starring Bill Cosby, which aired for eight seasons on NBC from 1984 until 1992. The show focuses on the Huxtable family, an upper middle-class African-American family living in Brooklyn, New York.", "The Andy Griffith Show is an American sitcom first televised on CBS between October 3, 1960 and April 1, 1968, which partially originated from an episode of The Danny Thomas Show. It stars Andy Griffith, who portrays the widowed sheriff of the fictional small community of Mayberry, North Carolina. His life is complicated by an inept but well-meaning deputy, Barney Fife (Don Knotts), Aunt Bee (Frances Bavier), a spinster aunt and housekeeper, and Opie (Ron Howard), a precocious young son. Local bumbling pals, and temperamental girlfriends further complicate his life. Regarding the tone of the show, Griffith said that despite a contemporary setting, the show attempted to emulate nostalgia, stating in a Today Show interview: \"Well, though we never said it, and though it was shot in the 1960s, it had a feeling of the 1930s. It was, when we were doing it, of a time gone by.\" ", "Groundskeeper Willie's first appearance was in the season two episode \"Principal Charming\", first broadcast on February 14, 1991. Originally, the character was written just as an angry janitor; his Scottish accent was added during a recording session. Dan Castellaneta, who voices several other characters including Homer Simpson, was assigned to do the voice. Castellaneta did not know what voice to use and Sam Simon, who was directing at the time, told Castellaneta to use an accent. He first tried a Spaniard's voice, which Simon felt was too clichéd. He then tried a \"big dumb Swede\", which was also rejected. For his third attempt, he used the voice of an angry Scotsman, which was considered to be appropriate and was used in the episode. Originally thought by the directors to be a one-shot appearance, Willie has since become a common recurring character. Matt Groening later revealed that the character was based partially on Angus Crock, a kilt-wearing chef from the sketch comedy show Second City Television, who was portrayed by Dave Thomas and Jimmy Finlayson, the mustachioed Scottish actor who appeared in 33 Laurel and Hardy films. ", "In a famous episode of \"The Brady Bunch\" that aired in 1971, Marcia Brady (Maureen McCormick), the president of Jones' fan club, brags that she can deliver him to her school dance, then almost has to back down on her promise. Jones also appeared on shows including \"Scooby Doo,\" \"Boy Meets World,\" and \"SpongeBob SquarePants.\"", "Laramie is an American Western television series that aired on NBC from 1959 to 1963. Laramie was a Revue Studios production which originally starred John Smith as Slim Sherman, Robert Fuller as Jess Harper, Hoagy Carmichael as Jonesy and Robert Crawford, Jr. as Andy Sherman.", "Police Squad! is a television comedy series first broadcast in 1982, created by David Zucker, Jim Abrahams and Jerry Zucker, and starring Leslie Nielsen. A spoof of police procedurals, the series featured Zucker, Abrahams and Zucker's usual sight gags, wordplay and non sequiturs. While a parody of many television shows and movies, it bore a particular resemblance to the Lee Marvin cop show, M Squad (especially the opening credits) and the late 1960s series Felony Squad. Although cancelled after six episodes, the show spawned the Naked Gun film series. TV Guide ranked it #7 on their 2013 list of 60 shows that were \"Cancelled Too Soon\". ", "The earlier episodes revolve around Richie and his friends, Potsie Weber (Anson Williams), Ralph Malph (Donny Most) and local dropout Arthur \" The Fonz \" Fonzarelli (played by Henry Winkler ), but as the series progressed, \"Fonzie\" proved to be a favorite with viewers and soon more story lines were written to reflect his growing popularity. Soon Fonzie befriended Richie and the Cunningham family. The focus would also occasionally shift to other additional characters, such as Fonzie's cousin Chachi , who became a love interest for Joanie Cunningham.", "Set in the Midwestern city of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, the series revolves around teenager Richie Cunningham (Ron Howard) and his family: his father, Howard (Tom Bosley), who owns a hardware store; mother Marion (Marion Ross); younger sister Joanie (Erin Moran); and high school dropout, biker and suave ladies man Arthur \"Fonzie\"/\"The Fonz\" Fonzarelli (Henry Winkler), who would eventually become the Cunninghams' upstairs tenant. The earlier episodes revolve around Richie and his friends, Warren \"Potsie\" Weber (Anson Williams), Ralph Malph (Donny Most) with Fonzarelli as a secondary character. As the series progressed, Fonzarelli proved to be a favorite with viewers and soon more story lines were written to reflect his growing popularity.", "On this day in 1992 a couple of defunct Merrie Melodies stars were revived for one last appearance on television. Piggy didn't make it, but Foxy and Goopy Geer were both present in the Tiny Toons episode \"Two Tone Town\", which appeared 18 years ago today.", "This show and its \"rival\" series \"The Addams Family\" (1964) both debuted within a week of one another in September 1964. At the end of that year's TV season, this show ranked #18 in the Nielsens, with a rating of 24.7, while The Addams Family came in at #23, with a 23.9 rating. At the time, Nielsens indicated what percentage of American TV households tuned in to any given program. By the end of the following year, both series were cancelled.", "— starring Carroll O’Connor, Jean Stapleton, Sally Struthers, and Rob Reiner — has several firsts. The first series to be videotaped in front of a live studio audience. The first time a toilet is heard being flushed on series television. The first time the words “goddammit” and several derogatory slurs such as “fairy,” “spade,” and “nigger” are used in series television. The first time a gay character is shown on network television.", "The \"Theme From My Three Sons\" was a chart hit for Lawrence Welk and was the title theme song for the series that starred Fred MacMurray and ran from 1960-1972.", "Which was the first and only* American TV series to earn a #1 Nielsen rating for its premiere episode?" ]

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[ "In the summer of 1958, local boy Danny Zuko (John Travolta) and vacationing Sandy Olsson (Olivia Newton-John) meet at the beach and fall in love. When the summer comes to an end, Sandy—who is going back to Australia—frets that they may never meet again, but Danny tells her that their love is \"only the beginning\". The film moves to the start of the seniors' term at Rydell High School. Danny, a greaser, is a member of the T-Birds, consisting of his best friend Kenickie (Jeff Conaway), Doody (Barry Pearl), Sonny (Michael Tucci), and Putzie (Kelly Ward). The Pink Ladies, a popular clique of girls, also arrive, consisting of Rizzo (Stockard Channing), Frenchy (Didi Conn), Marty (Dinah Manoff), and Jan (Jamie Donnelly).", "John Travolta is an actor, dancer, and singer, whose dynamic performances have endeared him to audiences for over 40 years. The New Jersey-born actor broke out in 1975 with his role as the Italian heartthrob Vinnie Barbarino in the TV series “Welcome Back, Kotter.” He also had a hit single, \"Let Her In\", which peaked at number ten on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in July 1976. But it was the disco phenomenon “Saturday Night Fever” that cemented John’s status as a triple-threat talent. His renowned dancing abilities carried through to other iconic roles, including Danny Zuko in “Grease” and later Vincent Vega in Quentin Tarantino’s landmark “Pulp Fiction.” Following his resurgence in the early ‘90s, Travolta became one of the most bankable A-listers in Hollywood.", "Travolta, a high school dropout, successfully swaggered his way through the 1970s in a string of custom-made roles - Welcome Back, Kotter's Vinnie Barbarino, Saturday Night Fever's Tony Manero and Grease's Danny Zuko. He lost his mojo in the 1980s, which saw him struggle through a forgettable run of light comedies and telemovies. But with the help of Quentin Tarantino's groundbreaking 1994 crime drama Pulp Fiction, Travolta made the comeback of all comebacks as sympathetic hitman Vincent Vega. Since then, he has created a string of memorable characters, such as Hairspray's Edna Turnblad, and Get Shorty's Chili Palmer, for which he won a Golden Globe. Travolta recently finished filming the action thriller Killing Season with Robert De Niro. Next, he will play mobster John Gotti. Real-life partner Kelly Preston has been cast as on-screen wife Victoria.", "JOHN TRAVOLTA stars as Jack Stanton, the governor of a small southern state who wants to be President.", "Directed by Barry Sonnenfeld. Starring John Travolta, Gene Hackman, Rene Russo, Danny DeVito, Dennis Farina, Delroy Lindo.", "In 1959, during their summer vacation, local boy Danny Zuko ( John Travolta ) and Australian holiday-maker Sandy Olsson ( Olivia Newton-John ), meet at the beach and begin to fall in love. When the summer comes to an end, Sandy, who is returning home, frets that they may never meet again. Danny tells her that their love is \"only the beginning.\"", "Cast: John Travolta, Olivia Newton-John, Stockard Channing, Jeff Conaway, Didi Conn, Eve Arden, Frankie Avalon, Joan Blondell, Edd Byrnes, Sid Caesar, Annette Charles", "We already knew John Travolta could dance. He discoed and hand-jived his way to stardom in Saturday Night Fever and Grease. But in the 1980s Travolta’s career fizzled and we sort of forgot about him because — let’s be honest, here — we have pretty short attention spans. But in 1994, Travolta made his comeback in Quentin Tarantino’s stylized crime film Pulp Fiction. His smooth, understated twists to Chuck Berry’s “You Never Can Tell” were so cool, we hardly noticed his weight gain and thinning hair. If we were coked up Uma Thurman, we’d let our Mob-boss boyfriend set us up with John Travolta any day.", "TV sitcom actor John Travolta (with his first nomination) as disco-crazed, Brooklyn paint store clerk Tony Manero in director John Badham's Bee Gee's-saturated Saturday Night Fever (the film's sole nomination)", "It was Diana who persuaded Travolta to take the role of Tony Manero. “I got the script, I read it that night,” Travolta recalls. “I wondered if I could give it enough dimension. Diana took it into the other room, and in about an hour she burst back in. ‘Baby, you are going to be great in this—great! This Tony, he’s got all the colors! First he’s angry about something. He hates the trap that Brooklyn and his dumb job are. There’s a whole glamorous world out there waiting for him, which he feels only when he dances. And he grows, he gets out of Brooklyn.’” Travolta remembers answering, “‘He’s also king of the disco. I’m not that good a dancer.’ ‘Baby,’ she said, ‘you’re going to learn!’”", "Lights! Camera! Action! Loan shark Chili Palmer (John Travolta) gets a taste for Tinseltown when he pitches a movie to Harry Zimm (Gene Hackman), the producer whose debt Chili has to collect.", "In retrospect, The roles of Danny and Sandy in Grease, that 1978 movie-musical classic, seem tailor-made for John Travolta and Olivia Newton-John. The truth is, nothing about Grease was a sure thing — least of all its leading man and lady, one of whom had barely done any acting, the other still considered a B-list TV actor (though Saturday Night Fever, released after Grease was shot, would change that forever). A fascinating Vanity Fair story on the making of Grease reveals some early casting choices, from Carrie Fisher to Elvis Presley, that are bound to make any Pink Ladies or T-Birds fan let out a Travolta-style “wow!”", "John Joseph Travolta is an American actor, dancer, and singer, first became known in the 1970s, after he appeared on Welcome Back, Kotter television series and starred in the box office successes Saturday Night Fever and Grease. In the 1980s, John Travolta’s acting career declined and his career resurgence in the 1990s with his role in Pulp Fiction, Face/Off, Ladder 49 and Wild Hogs. John Travolta, is the youngest of six children, his father, Salvatore Travolta (born November 1912 –died  May 1995),was a semi-professional American football player turned tire salesman and partner in a tire company. His mother, Helen Cecilia Burke (born January 1912 –died  December 1978)was an actress, singer, a radio vocal group, English teacher, who acted and directed in a high school drama, and had appeared in The Sunshine Sisters. John Travolta’s siblings, Joey, Ellen, Ann, Margaret and Sam Travolta, have all acted.", "Directed by John Badham. Cast: John Travolta, Karen Lynn Gorney, Barry Miller, Joseph Cali, Paul Pape, Bruce Ornstein, Donna Pescow. The story of an Brooklyn store clerk who is an Italian American Saturday night disco king; he begins to question the narrowness of his perspective when he meets a girl who is shedding her origins for a more sophisticated lifestyle. 112 min. DVD 6222", "Danny (John Travolta) with T-Birds (Jeff Conaway, Michael Tucci, Barry Pearl, Kelly Ward), Sandy (Olivia Newton-John) and Pink Ladies (Didi Conn, Stockard Channing, Dina Manoff, Jamie Donnelly) tell differing summer stories with Summer Nights, the first number in Grease, 1978.", "Mr. JOHN TRAVOLTA (Actor): (as Vincent Vega) You know what they call a Quarter Pounder with cheese in Paris?", "Before John Travolta became a teen idol, he was a dancer. “I think my first turn-on to dance was James Cagney in Yankee Doodle Dandy, when I was five or six,” recalls Travolta on a break from filming the musical version of John Waters’s Hairspray in Toronto. “I used to try to imitate him in front of the television set. I liked black dancing better than white dancing. I used to watch Soul Train, and what I wanted to create was a Soul Train feel in Saturday Night Fever.” That famous strut to the Bee Gees’ “Stayin’ Alive” in the opening scene? “It was the walk of coolness. I went to a school that was 50 percent black, and that’s how the black kids walked through the hall.”", "John Travolta is set to reprise his role as Chili Palmer in the sequel to Get Shorty.", "There's plenty more Elmore percolating through the Hollywood pipeline: John Travolta begins filming next month on \"Be Cool,\" reprising his role as Chili Palmer in this sequel to \"Get Shorty.\" Written in 1999 by Leonard at MGM's request, the novel shifts the action from movies to music.", "** In the opening scene of the film Basic, the character played by John Travolta drinks from a bottle of Jack Daniel's while taking a shower.", "Synopsis: When Johnny (Al Pacino) is released from prison following a forgery charge, he quickly lands a job as a short-order cook at a New York diner. Following a brief fling with waitress Cora (Kate Nelligan), Frankie develops an attraction for Cora's friend and fellow waitress Frankie (Michelle Pfeiffer). While Frankie resists Johnny's charms initially, she eventually relents when her best friend, Tim (Nathan Lane), persuades her to give Johnny a chance.", "In 1991 Los Angeles, slacker Jeff \"the Dude\" Lebowski (Jeff Bridges) is assaulted in his home by two hired goons (Mark Pellegrino and Philip Moon) who demand money that the wife of a Jeffrey Lebowski owes to a man named Jackie Treehorn (Ben Gazzara). The two soon realize they have attacked the wrong Jeffrey Lebowski and leave, but not before one of them urinates on the Dude's rug.", "Stigwood wanted Travolta to star in the movie version of Grease, the long-running Broadway musical (in which Travolta had already appeared as Doody, one of the T-Bird gang members, in a road company). Five years earlier, Stigwood had auditioned the actor—then just 17—for Jesus Christ Superstar, and though Ted Neeley got the job, Stigwood had penciled himself a note on a yellow pad: “This kid will be a very big star.”", "\"Pulp Fiction\" revived the career of John Travolta, who had faltered in Hollywood after becoming a pop culture phenomenon in films such as \"Saturday Night Fever\" and \"Grease.\" He revisits his dancing skills in the Tarantino film in this scene where he takes Thurman out for a night on the town.", "Perhaps it was his trademark ease and naturalistic approach that made him somewhat under appreciated at that time when Hollywood was run by a Dustin Hoffman , Robert De Niro and Al Pacino -like intensity. Neverthless, Jeff continued to be a scene-stealing favorite into the next decade, notably as the video game programmer in the 1982 science-fiction cult classic TRON , and the struggling musician brother vying with brother Beau Bridges over the attentions of sexy singer Michelle Pfeiffer in The Fabulous Baker Boys . Jeff became a third-time Oscar nominee with his highly intriguing (and strangely sexy) portrayal of a blank-faced alien in Starman , and earned even higher regard as the ever-optimistic inventor Preston Tucker in Tucker: The Man and His Dream .", "Some Like It Hot begins as a strange pastiche, more Scarface than Sabrina, with George Raft (as \"Spats\" Colombo) reprising his 1930s roles as a hard-boiled gangster. By accident, two burlesque musicians, Joe ( Tony Curtis ) and Jerry ( Jack Lemmon ) witness Colombo's Valentine's Day massacre of his rival's gang. Desperate to avoid being the mobster's next victims, they run off, drag up and join an all-girl band, Sweet Sue and Her Society Syncopators, headed for three weeks in Miami Beach.Joe becomes Josephine, and Jerry transforms into Daphne. In disguise, Joe falls for the band's singer, Sugar Kowalczyk, AKA \"Sugar Kane\", played by Marilyn Monroe. Once in Florida, Sugar intends to marry rich, and, aided by some slumber-party revelations, Joe decides to disguise himself as just the right kind of millionaire for her, the gentle, bespectacled son and heir of Shell Oil – \"Junior\".", "One of his better known roles was in the 1982 science-fiction cult classic Tron, in which he played Kevin Flynn, a video game programmer (a role he reprised in late 2010 with the sequel TRON: Legacy ). He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor in 1984 for playing the alien in Starman. He was also acclaimed for his roles in the thriller Against All Odds and the crime drama Jagged Edge. His role in Fearless is recognized by some critics to be one of his best performances. One critic dubbed it a masterpiece; Pauline Kael wrote that he \"may be the most natural and least self-conscious screen actor that has ever lived\". In 1998 starred as what is arguably his most famous role, \"The Dude\" in the Coen Brothers' cult-classic film The Big Lebowski. He has stated in the past that he relates to \"The Dude\" more than any of his other roles.", "The Breakfast Club is a 1985 American coming-of-age comedy-drama film written, produced, and directed by John Hughes and starring Emilio Estevez, Paul Gleason, Anthony Michael Hall, John Kapelos, Judd Nelson, Molly Ringwald and Ally Sheedy. The storyline follows five teenagers, each a member of a different high school clique, who spend a Saturday in detention together and come to realize that they are all more than their respective stereotypes, while facing a strict disciplinarian.", "Saturday Night Fever is a 1977 film starring John Travolta in the role that made him a superstar.", "In 1978, while still working on Saturday Night Live , John appeared in the movie Goin' South which starred and was directed by Jack Nicholson . It was here that director John Landis noticed John and decided to cast him in his movie National Lampoon's Animal House . John's minor role as the notorious, beer-swilling \"Bluto\" made it a box-office smash and the year's top grossing comedy. Despite appearing in only a dozen scenes, John's performance stole the movie, which portrays college fraternity shenanigans at a small college set in the year 1962.", "35. TONY MONTANA (Al Pacino) in Scarface (1983): \"In this country, you gotta make the money first. Then when you get the money, you get the power. Then when you get the power, then you get the women.\"", "The man who is the very definition of the phrase cult actor got his big break in 'Back to the Future' and went on to carve out a career filled with eclectic performances coupled with a plethora of off-screen eccentricities." ]

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[ "My Three Sons was a long-running American comedy featuring Fred MacMurray as Steve Douglas, the patriarch of his family.  When the series began, widower Steve, a consulting aviation engineer, lived with his three sons, Mike, Robbie and Chip, and his father-in-law, Michael Francis \"Bub\" O'Casey (played by William Frawley of I Love Lucy fame).  The Douglas family resided at 837 Mill St., in a medium-sized Midwestern city called Bryant Park.  In the autumn of 1967, Steve moved his clan from the Midwest to North Hollywood, California.", "My Three Sons was an American Situation Comedy about a widower Steve Douglas, played by Fred MacMurray and his three sons first on ABC and later on CBS , the show ran from 1960 to 1972", "My Three Sons is sitcom that ran from 1960 to 1965 on ABC, and moved to CBS until its end 1972, that chronicles the life of a widower and aeronautical engineer named Steven Douglas (Fred MacMurray), raising his three sons.", "Grady was born Don Louis Agrati in San Francisco, California on June 8, 1944. He was one of the original Mousketeers in The Mickey Mouse Club at the age of 13. Some of his early television appearances included The Ann Sothern Show, The Restless Gun, The Rifleman, Wagon Train, Have Gun -- Will Travel, The Eleventh Hour, The Lucy Show, Mr. Novak, To Rome with Love, and The F.B.I.. In 1960, he landed the role of the middle brother Robbie Douglas in My Three Sons. His character married his longtime classmate/girlfriend, Katie Miller (played by Tina Cole), near the end of the 1967-68 season. The next season she gave birth to triplets named Robert, Steven, and Charles. Grady was written out of the show after the eleventh season. He appeared in approximately 356 of the 380 episodes of the long-running sitcom. In 1970-1971, he appeared in two episodes of Love, American Style. His final credited acting appearances were in two episodes of Simon & Simon in 1983-1984.", "FOR A DOZEN YEARS, FRED MACMURRAY was pop culture’s perfect pop. As the widowed father, Steve Douglas, on TV’s My Three Sons (1960-72), MacMurray, with his affable grin and becalming pipe, embodied the ideal of a passing era, the benevolent American dad who shared our values of home, hearth and a friendly supper table.", "Don Grady, a Mouseketeer on The Mickey Mouse Club who played son Robbie Douglas on the ABC and CBS series My Three Sons, one of the longest-running family sitcoms in history, died Wednesday of cancer in Thousand Oaks, Calif. He was 68.", "Singleton also played Margaret Williams on the 1960s sitcom \"My Three Sons\" and she appeared on dozens of other TV shows in the 1950s, 60s and 70s, including another Lucille Ball program, \"Here's Lucy,\" \"Perry Mason,\" \"All in the Family,\" and \"Days of Our Lives.\"", "Best remembered by the public for his starring role as Steve Douglas on My Three Sons (1960).", "Boyd showed he had comedic talents in recurring roles in the television series Bachelor Father (as Howard Meechum, the boyfriend of the Noreen Corcoran character), Date with the Angels, The Betty White Show, Broadside (in the role of Marion Botnik), and My Three Sons. He also appeared in a number of motion pictures, including Inherit the Wind (1960).", "Ames Brothers . Ann-Margret . Les Baxter . Harry Belafonte . Polly Bergen . Nat ‘King’ Cole . Gogi Grant . Eddy Howard . Stan Kenton . Wayne King . Abbe Lane . Julie London . Jayne Mansfield . Marjorie Meinert . Mitch Miller . Bob Newhart .", "* Wayne Morris, Anna Karen Morrow, Richard Mulligan, Diana Muldaur, Burt Mustin, Gene Nelson, Leslie Nielsen, Leonard Nimoy, Jimmy Noel, Jeanette Nolan, Nick Nolte, Carroll O'Connor, Simon Oakland, Warren Oates, Susan Olsen, Cliff Osmond", "Born in New York on June 3, 1925, Tony Curtis's piercing blue eyes and good looks gained him a great deal of attention at a young age. After enlisting in the U.S. Navy and serving in World War II, the aspiring actor moved to Hollywood, California. His career took off following his high-profile marriage to Janet Leigh in 1951, which produced daughters Kelly Lee and Jamie Lee Curtis. In the late 1950s and '60s, Curtis starred in films like Houdini, Operation Petticoat, Some Like It Hot, The Defiant Ones and Spartacus. He later appeared in a variety of low-profile films and on various television shows. He died of cardiac arrest on September 30, 2010, in Henderson, Nevada.", "Marion Mitchell Morrison (born Marion Robert Morrison; May 26, 1907 – June 11, 1979), better known by his stage name John Wayne and the nickname Duke, was an American actor, director, and producer. An Academy Award-winner for True Grit (1969), Wayne was among the top box office draws for three decades. ", "Famous for: American actor who was one of Hollywood’s biggest stars in the 1940s and continued acting into the 1980s though in less prestigious roles. Appeared in 5 films with Gene Tierney. Notable roles are Joe Lilac from Ball of Fire, Donald Martin from The Ox-Bow Incident, Mark McPherson from Laura, Captain Fred Derry from The Best Years of Our Lives, Detective Sgt. Mark Dixon from Where the Sidewalk Ends, Edward Mobley from While the City Sleeps, Tom Garrett from Beyond Reasonable Doubt, John Holden from Night of the Demon, Alan Eaton from The Fear Makers, Scott Freeman from Airport 1975, and Red Ridingwood from The Last Tycoon.", "TV debut in \"My Three Sons\" (ABC); later in same year appeared in \"Sea Hunt\" (syndicated) with father Lloyd", "* His first television series was The Big Valley in 1965.  He played the role of Heath Barkley, the illegitimate son of Victoria Barkley’s (played by Barbara Stanwyck) deceased husband, Tom.  Lee beat out scores of young actors, including Burt Reynolds, for the part of Heath.", "The star of many land and underwater adventures, Lloyd Vernet Bridges, Jr. was born on January 15, 1913 in San Leandro, California, to Harriet Evelyn (Brown) and Lloyd Vernet Bridges, Sr., who owned a movie theater and also worked in the hotel business. He grew up in various Northern California towns. His father wanted him to become a lawyer, but young Lloyd's interests turned to acting while at the University of California at Los Angeles. ( Dorothy Dean Bridges , Bridges' wife of more than 50 years, was one of his UCLA classmates, and appeared opposite him in a romantic play called \"March Hares.\") He later worked on the Broadway stage, helped to found an off-Broadway theater, and acted, produced and directed at Green Mans ions, a theater in the Catskills. Bridges made his first films in 1936, and went under contract to Columbia in 1941. Allegations that Bridges had been involved with the Communist Party threatened to derail his career in the early 1950s, but he resumed work after an FBI clearance. Making the transition to television, Bridges became a small screen star of giant proportions by starring in Sea Hunt , the country's most successful syndicated series. Trouper Bridges worked right to the end, winning even more new fans with his spoofy portrayals in the movies Airplane! and Hot Shots! , and their respective sequels. Lloyd Bridges died at age 85 of natural causes on March 10, 1998.", "Son Stephen H. Bogart was born on January 6, 1949. He was named after father Humphrey Bogart 's character from To Have and Have Not (1944).", "Famous for: American actor who was known as a leading man during the 1950s and 1960s, notably in romantic comedies with Doris Day as well as serious dramatic roles. Career spanned nearly 40 years and 70 films as well as several TV productions. Notable roles are Bob Merrick from Magnificent Obsession, Jordan “Bick” Benedict, Jr. from Giant, Ron Kirby from All that Heaven Allows, Mitch Wayne from Written on the Wind, Lt. Frederick Henry from Farewell to Arms, Brad Allen from Pillow Talk, Michael “Tiger” McDrew from Pretty Maids All in a Row, and Jason Rudd from The Mirror Crack’d.", "In 1896, Foy married his third wife, Madeline Morando, a dancer with his company. She gave him eleven children, of whom seven survived childhood: Bryan (1896–1977), who became a producer at Warner Bros; Charley (1898–1984), an actor; Mary (1901–1987); Madeline (1903–1988), an actress; Eddie Jr. (1905–1983), who carved out a successful career as an actor and entertainer on stage and screen, including a role in The Pajama Game and Bells Are Ringing; Richard (1905–1947); and Irving (1908–2003), a writer. Eddie Jr.'s son, Eddie III, was a casting director with Columbia Pictures for over 40 years.", "The son of veteran character actor Harry Carey he joined the John Ford/John Wayne stock company (after his service in the Navy during WWII) in the film \"Red River\" (1948). This was followed by fine performances in \"3 Godfathers\" (1948) and \"She Wore A Yellow Ribbon\" (1949).", "Lloyd Vernet Bridges, Jr. (January 15, 1913 – March 10, 1998) was an American actor who starred in a number of television series and appeared in more than 150 feature films. He was the father of actors Beau Bridges and Jeff Bridges.", "Malachi Throne, the character actor who became one of the more ubiquitous faces on television from the \"Golden Age\" of the 1950s through the 21st Century, was born in New York City on December 1, 1928, the son of Samuel and Rebecca Throne, who had immigrated to America from the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He began performing at an early age.", "Wray was cast in the 1953-54 ABC situation comedy, The Pride of the Family, as Catherine Morrison. Paul Hartman played her husband, Albie Morrison. Natalie Wood and Robert Hyatt played their children, Ann and Junior Morrison, respectively. In 1955, Wray appeared with fellow WAPMAS Baby Star, Joan Crawford in Queen Bee.", "He became an overnight sensation on \"The Milton Berle Show\" and later made appearances on \"The Ed Sullivan Show\" and TV specials with Jack Benny and Perry Como . In 1947 he had stand-out cameo in the film comedy Mother Wore Tights , starring Dan Dailey and Betty Grable .", "Actor, director and producer was born in Mountain View. A former band vocalist and emcee, he played the male lead in a number of musicals in the 1930s, often opposite Ruby Keeler and Joan Blondell. He then made a successful transition from the boyish crooner to more serious roles as the hardboiled detective in thrillers of the 1940s. In the early 1950s, he became president of the successful Four Star television production company. Movies included: \"42nd Street,\" (1933) \"A Midsummer Night's Dream,\" (1935) \"Murder My Sweet\" (1944) and \"The Bad and Beautiful\" (1952). His television series include \"Four Star Playhouse\" (1952) and \"The Dick Powell Show\" (1961). Member of the Arkansas Entertainers Hall of Fame.", "Singer and actor who was one of Elvis's singing idols (perhaps his favorite) in the 1950s.", " 1952 Son of Paleface (performer: \"Buttons and Bows\", \"Four Legged Friend\", \"Wing-Ding Tonight\", \"Am I In Love\", \"There's a Cloud in My Valley of Sunshine\", \"What a Dirty Shame\", \"In the Cool Cool of the Evening\" (uncredited))", " 1952 Son of Paleface (performer: \"Buttons and Bows\", \"Four Legged Friend\", \"There's a Cloud in My Valley of Sunshine\", \"California Rose\")", "\"The Danny Thomas Show\" This family sitcom ran from 1953 to 1964. The story line revolved around an Entertainer's home life with his wife and two children.", "Often hosted game shows when he was a struggling actor. He hosted Mother's Day (1958) and Laugh Line (1959) but turned down The Price Is Right (1956).", "Star of the syndicated radio show \"Hopalong Cassidy\" (1950-1952). The shows were actually recorded between 1948 and 1950." ]

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[ "Friends is an American TV sitcom that lasted 10 whole seasons, revolving around a circle of friends living in Manhattan. It starts with Rachel Green (played by Jennifer Aniston) fleeing her wedding day and seeking out childhood friend Monica Geller (Courteney Cox), a New York City chef. They become roommates, and Rachel joins Monica’s social circle of single people in their mid-20s: struggling actor Joey Tribbiani (played by Matt LeBlanc), business professional Chandler Bing (played Matthew Perry), masseuse and musician Phoebe Buffay (played by Lisa Kudrow), and newly divorced paleontologist Ross Geller (played by David Schwimmer), Monica’s older brother. The 6 are usually at the Manhattan coffeehouse Central Park or Monica and Rachel’s nearby West Village apartment, or Joey and Chandler’s across the hall. Episodes typically depict the friends’ comedic romantic adventures (Rachel and Ross are on, Rachel and Ross are off, Rachel and Ross are on, Monica and Chandler are on?!) and career issues.", "Jennifer Aniston (born February 11, 1969) is an American Emmy Award-winning actress, best known for playing Rachel Green on the highly popular television sitcom Friends, and for her much-publicized marriage to actor Brad Pitt.", "He has been married to Blake Lively since September 9, 2012. They have two children. He was previous married to Scarlett Johansson .", "Monica E. Geller [1] [2] is a fictional character , one of the six main characters who appear in the American sitcom Friends . Created by show creators David Crane and Marta Kauffman , and portrayed by actress Courteney Cox , Monica appears in each of the show's 236 episodes , from its premiere on September 24, 1994 to its finale on May 6, 2004. A chef known for her cleanliness, competitiveness and obsessive-compulsive nature, Monica is the younger sister of Ross and best friend of Rachel , the latter of whom she invites to move in with her after Rachel forsakes her own wedding. The two characters spend several years living together as roommates until Monica becomes romantically involved with neighbor Chandler , whom she marries. Unable to conceive children on their own, the couple eventually adopts twins and moves out of their apartment into a larger house in the suburbs to raise their growing family.", "He was married twice. His first marriage was to Ellie Graham on August 23, 1958 in Las Vegas , Nevada . They divorced on August 25, 1970. From October 4, 1975 to his death, he was married to sometime actress and model Dani Crayne Greco. [3]", "Jackie Chan , Val Kilmer , Angelina Jolie , Sharon Osbourne , Prince William , Prince Harry , Ricky Martin , Eric Clapton , Courtney Love , Johnny Carson , Ed McMahon , Bette Midler , Michael Jackson , Arthur Miller , Hunter S. Thompson , Arnold Schwarzenegger , Whitney Houston , Tom Sizemore , Jesse Jackson , Jesse Jackson, Jr. , Prince Charles , Kylie Minogue , Christian Slater , Russell Crowe , David Letterman , Madonna , Kate Middleton , Prince Rainier III , Grace Kelly , Anne Bancroft , Helen Keller", "Pitt's portrayal of Achilles in the big-budget period drama Troy helped establish his appeal as action star and was closely followed by a co-starring role in the stylish spy-versus-spy flick Mr. & Mrs. Smith . It was on the set of Mr. & Mrs. Smith that Pitt, who married Jennifer Aniston in a highly publicized ceremony in 2000, met his current partner Angelina Jolie . Pitt left Aniston for Jolie in 2005, a break-up that continues to fuel tabloid stories years after its occurrence.", "He was married to ABC News veteran Diane Sawyer and was hugely successful on Broadway as well. Notably, he was one of only a dozen people to have won at least one Emmy, Grammy, Oscar and Tony award.", "Monica E. Geller is a fictional character, one of the six main characters who appear in the American sitcom Friends. Created by show creators David Crane and Marta Kauffman, and portrayed by actress Courteney Cox, Monica appears in each of the show's 236 episodes, from its premiere on September 24, 1994 to its finale on May 6, 2004. A chef known for her cleanliness, competitiveness and obsessive-compulsive nature, Monica is the younger sister of Ross and best friend of Rachel, the latter of whom she invites to move in with her after Rachel forsakes her own wedding. The two characters spend several years living together as roommates until Monica becomes romantically involved with neighbor Chandler, whom she marries. Unable to conceive children on their own, the couple eventually adopts twins and moves out of their apartment into a larger house in the suburbs to raise their growing family.", "Clooney was married to actress Talia Balsam from 1989 until they divorced in 1993. He has said that he will never marry again. [61] After meeting British model Lisa Snowdon on the set of a Martini advertisement in 2000, he had a five-year on-again, off-again relationship with her. [62] In June 2007, he started dating reality personality Sarah Larson , but the couple broke up in May 2008. [63] In July 2009, Clooney was in a relationship with Italian actress Elisabetta Canalis until they split in June 2011. [64] [65] [66] Since July 2011, Clooney has been dating former WWE Diva Stacy Keibler . [67]", "1995: Actor Charlie Sheen marries model Donna Peele in Malibu, and Michael Jackson reaches No. 1 on the singles chart with \"You Are Not Alone.\"", "The Glasgow, Scotland-born actor, 78, was twice married. His first wife was the late actress Jill Ireland, who left him after he introduced her to Charles Bronson, whom she later married. They had two biological sons and one adopted, who is deceased. ", "But ladies were not often lucky for him. He wed five times, including a notorious 32-day marriage in 1964 to Broadway legend Ethel Merman. Johnny Carson, discussing the split, said the two stars were getting a divorce “on grounds of irreconcilable faces.” Merman held a grudge against her ex for years: in her autobiography, the chapter titled “My Marriage to Ernest Borgnine” is blank. But in 1973 he found lasting companionship, marrying Tova Traesnaes, who was with him for 39 years and stood by him as he died.", "Martin seemed to suffer a mid-life crisis. In 1972, he filed for divorce from his second wife, Jeanne. A week later, his business partnership with the Riviera was dissolved amid reports of the casino's refusal to agree to Martin's request to perform only once a night. He was quickly snapped up by the MGM Grand Hotel and Casino, and signed a three-picture deal with MGM Studios. Less than a month after his second marriage had been legally dissolved, Martin married 26-year-old Catherine Hawn on April 25, 1973. Hawn had been the receptionist at the chic Gene Shacrove hair salon in Beverly Hills. They divorced November 10, 1976. He was also briefly engaged to Gail Renshaw, Miss World-U.S.A. 1969.", "Sheen has been married three times and has five children, including one with his former high school girlfriend, Paula Profit. In 1990, Sheen accidentally shot his then fiancee, Kelly Preston in the arm. Preston broke off the engagement soon after.", "Clooney dated the actress Kelly Preston (1987–1989). Clooney was married to actress Talia Balsam from 1989 to 1993. He also had a relationship with actress Ginger Lynn Allen. Clooney dated French reality TV personality Céline Balitran (1996–1999). After meeting British model Lisa Snowdon in 2000, he had a five-year on-again, off-again relationship with her. ", "But ladies were not often lucky for him. He wed five times, including a notorious 32-day marriage in 1964 to Broadway legend Ethel Merman. Johnny Carson, mentioning the split in his monologue, said the two stars were getting a divorce “on grounds of irreconcilable faces.” Merman held a grudge against her ex for years: in her autobiography, the chapter titled “My Marriage to Ernest Borgnine” is blank. But in 1973 he found lasting companionship, marrying Tova Traesnaes, who was with him for 39 years and stood by him as he died.", "\"Ferris Bueller\" brought Broderick together with co-star Jennifer Grey , but their love didn't last. He married fellow '80s actor and \"Sex and the City\" star Sarah Jessica Parker in 1997; they have three kids together.", "On April 6, 1979, Rod married actress and former model Alana Hamilton Stewart (born Alana Kaye Collins on May 18, 1945), the ex-wife of actor George Hamilton. They welcomed a daughter named Kimberly Stewart on August 21, 1979, and a son, Sean Stewart, on September 1, 1980, before divorcing in 1980. He then married actress/model Rachel Hunter (born on September 9, 1969) on December 15, 1990. The couple has two children, Renée Stewart (born on June 1, 1992) and Liam McAlister Stewart (born on September 4, 1994). Rod and his second wife became estranged in 1999 and divorced on November 2, 2006. He married model Penny Lancaster (born on March 15, 1971) on June 16, 2007. They have one son together, Alastair Wallace Stewart (born on November 27, 2005 in London). Rod also has two more daughters, Sarah Thubron Streeter (born in 1964, raised by adoptive parents) and Ruby Stewart (born in 1987) from previous relationships. Rod is known by the nicknames Rod the Mod and Phyllis.", " Perlman met actor Danny DeVito on January 17, 1971, when she went to see a friend in the single performance of the play The Shrinking Bride, which also featured DeVito. They moved in together two weeks after meeting. The couple married on January 28, 1982. They have three children: Lucy Chet DeVito (born March 1983), Grace Fan DeVito (born March 1985), and Jacob Daniel DeVito (born October 1987). Throughout their relationship, Perlman and DeVito have acted alongside each other several times, including in the TV show Taxi and the feature film Matilda. Perlman and DeVito separated in October 2012. However, in March 2013, it was reported that they had reconciled and called off the separation. The family resides in Beverly Hills, California, and also spend time at their vacation home in Interlaken, New Jersey. ", "He was married twice. His first marriage was in 1955, to Jean Marsh, whom he divorced in 1960; later that same year he married Ingeborg Rhoesa, born 1935. Together they had two children, both of whom were to become actors: a daughter, Dariel, in 1961, and a son, Sean, in 1964.", "On camera, Jill's glossy, jet-setting femme fatales had a delightful tongue-in-cheek quality to them. Off-camera, she lived the life of a jet-setter too and was known for her various romantic excursions with such eligibles as Sinatra and even Henry Kissinger . Of her four marriages (she never had children), which included millionaire Neil Dublin, the late sports car racer Lance Reventlow , son of Woolworth heiress Barbara Hutton , and popular easy-listening crooner Jack Jones , she found her soul mate in her fourth husband, actor Robert Wagner , whom she married in 1990 following an eight-year courtship. Jill worked with Wagner decades before in the soapy drama Banning as well as the TV movie How I Spent My Summer Vacation .", "In 1962 he married long-time girlfriend Asa Maynor . Their son, Logan, was born on September 13, 1965. Edd and Asa's marriage ended in divorce in 1971, partially because of his reliance on drugs and alcohol. In 1982 he succeeded in going \"clean and sober.\" He never remarried, remains proud of his son, and has come to terms with his role as television's first teen idol.", "He also had five other children. Daughters Kelly, also with Leigh, and Allegra, with second wife Christine Kaufmann, also became actresses. His other wives were Leslie Allen, Lisa Deutsch and Jill VandenBerg, whom he married in 1998.", "In 1994 for her role as Rachel Green in the TV series, FRIENDS (1994) won the Golden Globe and Emmy Award. July 2011, Jennifer reached remarkable achievements through his film titled JUST GO WITH IT. He even had the honor to stamp his hands and feet on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.", "His own path navigated 3 engagements, 2 marriages and divorces, and the death of his only child. In 2001, he became a Jehovah Witness and said he was turning to monogamy after prior romantic links to Kim Basinger, Madonna, Sheila E., Carmen Electra, Anna Fantastic, Sherilyn Fenn, Susanna Hoffs of the Bangles, Susan Moonsie of Vanity 6, and Vanity, herself, another singer who underwent a Christian conversion and also died this year.", "Paula has performed in over 35 musicals and plays on Broadway and summer stock around the country. Among her well-known theatrical co-stars are Donald O'Connor in \"Little Me\", Gordon McRae and Howard Keel in \"Carousel\", and Jack Carter in \"Operation Mad Ball\". She appeared with Carter in nightclubs and USO tours, as well. The couple married in Miami Beach Florida in 1961. They had a son, Michael David Carter, who is a real estate agent, before divorcing in 1970.", "As a result, they broke up in 1979, but remained close friends. Then in 1984 they renewed their romance, and in November 1985, they married, already having had a son, Max Samuel. After three and a half years of marriage, however, many of the same competing stresses of their careers caused them to divorce in 1989. They agreed to maintain homes near each other as to facilitate the shared custody and parenting of their son. Their divorce was recorded as the third most costly celebrity divorce in history. ", "Fame coincided with the end of his first marriage. He stays close to his three children from that relationship, and has a 15-month-old son, \"little Tom\", by his second wife, Claire, a former television researcher.", "He normally partnered with a girl, sometimes in an adagio dance routine, sometimes comic patter. Though he had an apparent flair for comedy, he never quite clicked with any of his partners, until he met a young Irish Catholic lady in 1923. \"And all of a sudden,\" he said famously (and repeatedly—never failing to get a laugh from it, either) in later years \"the audience realised I had a talent. They were right. I did have a talent—and I was married to her for 38 years.\"", "He normally partnered with a girl, sometimes in an adagio dance routine, sometimes comic patter. Though he had an apparent flair for comedy, he never quite clicked with any of his partners, until he met a young Irish Catholic lady in 1923. \"And all of a sudden,\" he said famously (and repeatedly—never failing to get a laugh from it, either), in later years, \"the audience realised I had a talent. They were right. I did have a talent—and I was married to her for 38 years.\"", "Hollywood star and entertainer best known for National Velvet, Boys Town and his turbulent private life" ]

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[ "Cathy Silvers (born May 27, 1961) is an American actress and author, and the daughter of legendary actor/comedian Phil Silvers. She is best known for her role as boy-crazy teenager Jenny Piccolo in later seasons of the TV sitcom Happy Days. Cathy is the author of Happy Days Healthy Living, Random House and owner of Healthy Living Organic Food business.", "Cathy Silvers- was born May 27, 1961 in New York, New York. She played Jenny Piccalo on Happy Days. Cathy is the daughter of the late actor and comedian Phil Silvers. She appeared in the 1983 tv movie, High School U.S.A. She was the voice of Marie Dodo in the 1985 Follow That Bird - Sesame Street movie. She has also appeared in tv series such as Foley Square (1985) and Chicago Sons (1996). She appeared in the 1996 theatrical movie, Sgt. Bilko. She had a recurring role on the Fox show \"Two Something\". She appeared in a 1994 episode of Wings. Most of her time and energy is now devoted to raising her family and running her own catering business. She is looking to do some voice work in commercials and other shows. As of 1999, she was Marketing associate for the investment firm Sutro & Co. She has two sisters named Laury and Candy (who appeared in a Happy Days episode). She has five daughters.", "In 1981, guest starred on Happy Days opposite his daughter Cathy, who played Joanie's pal Jenny Piccalo.", "In addition, there are other characters without whom the show would not have been the same. They include, Chachi Arcola (Scott Baio) who was Fonzie’s cousin, Mitsumo “Arnold” Takahashi (Pat Morita) who was the owner of the kids’ favorite hangout, “Arnold’s Drive-In”, Al Delvecchio (Al Molinaro) who became the owner of the drive-in after Arnold left, Jenny Piccalo (Cathy Silvers) who was Joanie’s best friend, Richie’s girlfriend, Lori Beth Allen (Lynda Goodfriend) and Roger Phillips, (Ted McGinley) Marion’s nephew and a teacher at the high school.", "My dad [ Phil Silvers ] made a guest appearance on one episode of Happy Days (1974), playing Jenny's father. It was magic. I'd always heard people talk about how exciting it was to work with my dad and I got to see why. He was really special. It was the only time we got to work together.", "Ellen Travolta is an American actress, elder sister of actor John Travolta, and is probably best known for her role as Louisa Arcola Delvecchio, in the 1950s Happy Days sitcom, as the aunt of Arthur Fonzarelli (played by Henry Winkler) and mother of Chachi Arcola (played by Scott Baio).Ellen Travolta is married to actor Jack Bannon, son of actress Bea Benaderet, and they live in Coeur d’Alene,Idaho. Travolta has two children, a daughter Molly Allen, one of three morning personalities on 92.9 ZZU in Spokane and a son, actor Tom Fridley. ", "Phil Silvers says of his daughter, \"I wish she were twins!\" Cathy Silvers has a twin sister, Candace Silvers , who appears occasionally on Happy Days. See more »", "Jennifer Joanna Aniston (born February 11, 1969) is an American actress, producer, and businesswoman. The daughter of Greek actor John Aniston and American actress Nancy Dow, Aniston gained worldwide recognition for portraying Rachel Green on the popular television sitcom Friends (1994–2004), a role which earned her a Primetime Emmy Award, a Golden Globe Award, and a Screen Actors Guild Award. The character was widely popular during the airing of the series and became recognized as one of the 100 greatest female characters in United States television. ", "Jennifer Grey (born March 26, 1960) is an American actress. She is known for her roles in the 1980s films Ferris Bueller's Day Off (1986) and Dirty Dancing (1987), for which Grey earned a Golden Globe Award nomination. She is also known for her 2010 victory in season eleven of the American version of Dancing with the Stars. Grey is the daughter of Academy Award–winning actor Joel Grey and former actress/singer Jo Wilder. Grey currently stars in the Amazon Studios comedy series Red Oaks.", "Happy Days began as a pilot in 1971 called \"New Family in Town,\" which was produced by Garry Marshall for ABC. The pilot contained some of the same characters (Richie, Howard, Marion, and Potsie) and some of the same actors (Ron Howard, Marion Ross, and Anson Williams). Mr. Cunningham was played by actor Harold Gould.", "Garry Marshall hired him to replace Pat Morita in Happy Days' in 1976. Molinaro played Al Delvecchio, the owner of Arnold's drive-in, beginning in the fourth season. He appeared in 146 episodes of the series. His character was known for the catchphrase \"yep-yep-yep-yep.\" He married Chachi's mother, Louisa (Ellen Travolta).", "1977 : Glam queen Suzi Quatro makes her first appearance as Leather Tuscadero, the little sister of Fonzie's girlfriend Pinky, on ABC-TV's Happy Days.", "In 1990, Leary's daughter, Susan, committed suicide after years of mental instability. After separating from Barbara Leary in 1992, Leary began to associate with a much younger, artistic and tech-savvy crowd that included people as diverse as actors Johnny Depp , Susan Sarandon and Dan Aykroyd , and his granddaughters, Dieadra Martino and Sara Brown; grandson, Ashley Martino; son, Zach Leary; author Douglas Rushkoff , publisher Bob Guccione, Jr. , and goddaughters: actress Winona Ryder and artist/music-photographer Hilary Hulteen. In spite of his declining health, Leary maintained a regular schedule of public appearances through 1994.", "Born in Duncan, Oklahoma in 1954, his parents moved the family to Hollywood in 1958. His first big acting role came in 1960 when he was cast as Andy Griffith's 6 year old son, Opie Taylor, in The Andy Griffith Show. The series was a hit, running for eight seasons and making \"Ronny Howard\" a household name. In his teenage years, he again made his way onto the silver screen for 7 seasons as the preppy Richie Cunningham on the classic Happy Days.", "Cathy Lee Crosby is an American actress. She achieved TV and film success in the 1980s and was a co-host of the television series That's Incredible. Crosby is the daughter of announcer Lou Crosby and actress Linda Hayes. Crosby was, at one time, a professional tennis player who was ranked as high as #7 in international tennis competition. She was in a relationship with football star Joe Theismann throughout the early 1980s. They split up in 1991. According to her autobiography, Let the Magic Begin, when Theismann sued for half of her assets, Crosby declared bankruptcy to stop his litigation.", "She had a recurring role as Gary, owner of Gary's Shoes and Al Bundy's boss, in Married with Children from 1994-1997. Her many other sitcom guest appearances included The Golden Girls, Designing Women, 227, Empty Nest, Boy Meets World, Coach, Bonnie, Murphy Brown (as Doris Dial, stoic anchorman Charles Kimbrough's wife), Maggie, Norm, Still Standing (as Helen Michaels, Judy and Linda's mother) and Scrubs. She had a recurring role as Marion Shaw, Kimberly's mother, in Melrose Place from 1993-1997. She played Tom Cruise's oblivious mother in Risky Business.", "She played the on-screen daughter of Estelle Getty, who died last year, in the popular US sitcom.", "actress: Saturday Night Live, City of Angels, Chuck & Buck, Duets; daughter of singer Minnie Riperton.", "Neighbors, from 1981, has 20-year-old Lauren-Marie Taylor as the 16-year-old daughter of 32-year-old John Belushi .", "A difficult interviewee who has admitted to keeping his monumental ego in check since his return to TV, David has been married and divorced three times, which includes a brief 1980s union to actress Rachel Ticotin . He has a daughter, Greta, from that union. On the sly, Caruso was a co-owner of now long-defunct Steam, a clothing and furniture store in Miami, Florida. He and his current girlfriend (since 2005), Liza Marquez, have two children -- son Marquez Anthony and and daughter, Paloma Raquel.", "Eventually, Frankie finds himself stressed out with work and the family decides to take a vacation in Hawaii. En route they make a stop in Los Angeles to check on their grown daughter Sandi, portrayed by Lori Laughlin ( Full House ) in a Kim MacAfee style role. While in LA, Frankie meets up with his former flame Connie ( Connie Stevens ) and the old Beach Party jealousy plot shifts into gear once again. ", "circa 1957: Family studio portrait of married American singer/actors Eddie Fisher and Debbie Reynolds with their daughter Carrie Fisher. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images)", "      At the tender age of eight, Whoopi was already appearing on stage and was a member of a New York children's theaters, the Hudson Child Guild and the Helena Rubinstein Children's Theatre. She continued her career and between gigs she worked as a bricklayer and funeral parlour make-up artist while appearing in bit Broadway parts including cult musicals Hair and Jesus Christ Superstar. Her daughter Alexandra was born in 1974, the same year in which her first marriage ended in divorce.", "* Angela Jennifer \"AJ\" Lambert Paparozzi (whose godparents are James Darren and his second wife Evy Norlund)", "Bobby's parents divorced when he was five years old and his mother moved the family to Puerto Rico for a couple of years. Eventually, they returned to the States and settled in Coconut Creek, Florida, where he attended high school. Restless and uncomfortable in any sort of regimented setting, he often got suspended for playing the class clown. Graduating in the late 1980s, and bitten by the acting bug, Bobby chose to return to the New York/New Jersey area in order to jump start an acting career. Working in bars to support himself, he again avoided the confines of an acting school and, instead, gained experience as a \"reader\" on occasion with the Naked Angels theatre company. During this time (1994), he met and married Jenny Lumet , the actress-daughter of director Sidney Lumet . They had son, Jake, the following year. The couple divorced in 2003.", "In 1952, she was engaged to the young James Hanson. She called it \"love at first sight\"; however, after having her wedding dress fitted and the date set, she decided the marriage would not work, because the demands of their careers would keep them apart most of the time. Hepburn married twice, first to American actor Mel Ferrer, and then to an Italian doctor, Andrea Dotti. She had a son with each – Sean in 1960 by Ferrer, and Luca in 1970 by Dotti. Her elder son's godfather is the novelist A. J. Cronin, who resided near Hepburn in Lucerne.", "Lumet was married four times; the first three marriages ended in divorce. He was married to actress Rita Gam from 1949–55; to socialite Gloria Vanderbilt from 1956–63; to Gail Jones (daughter of Lena Horne) from 1963–78, and to Mary Gimbel from 1980 until his death. He had two daughters by Jones: Amy, who was married to P. J. O'Rourke from 1990–1993, and actress/screenwriter Jenny, who had a leading role in his film Q & A. She also wrote the screenplay for the 2008 film Rachel Getting Married. ", "During the 1970s Kline was in a relationship with his Juilliard classmate Patti LuPone. He met actress Phoebe Cates in 1983 and they were married in 1989. The couple live in New York City and they have two children, including a daughter, Greta, a musician currently performing as Frankie Cosmos. ", "It was, however, the \"golden age\" of TV that truly took advantage of Pat's adroit talents. An initial \"second banana\" regular on the variety programs The Red Buttons Show and The Saturday Night Revue , she copped an Emmy award for her work on Caesar's Hour as Howard Morris ' wife and earned fine reviews from her recurring role on the sitcom Make Room for Daddy playing Bunny Halper, the pert and plucky wife of Danny Thomas ' nightclub manager Charlie Halper ( Sid Melton ).", "In 1986, at age 10, she was cast as Donna Jo \"D.J.\" Tanner, the eldest daughter, on Full House . The show's eight-year run ranks it among the most successful series of all time. Candace also appeared in the films Punchline (playing Sally Field 's daughter), as well as numerous television movies.", "'Christmas Vacation' cast: Where are they now – Miriam Flynn was so devoted to playing the memorable Cousin Catherine that she revived the role in 2003's made-for-TV \"Christmas Vacation\" sequel alongside Quaid. Outside the \"Vacation\" series, Flynn also has appeared in a number of TV series, and has done voice work for animated programs like \"ChalkZone\" and \"The Land Before Time.\"", "Morning Trivia: This actress, comedian, writer, and producer, is best known for her work on the NBC's Saturday Night Live. She received acclaim for her impression of former Alaska Governor Sarah Palin, and for creating the series 30 Rock and Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt. She's also well known for appearing in films such as Mean Girls (2004), Baby Mama (2008), Date Night (2010), Muppets Most Wanted (2014), and Sisters (2015). Who is she?" ]

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[ "The Flying Nun is an American situation comedy produced by Screen Gems for ABC based on the 1965 book The Fifteenth Pelican, written by Tere Rios. It starred Sally Field as Sister Bertrille. The series originally ran on ABC from September 7, 1967, to April 3, 1970, producing 82 episodes, including a one-hour pilot episode.", "The Flying Nun is an American sitcom produced by Screen Gems for ABC based on the 1965 book The Fifteenth Pelican, by Tere Rios, which starred Sally Field as Sister Bertrille, a nun in the Convent San Tanco in Puerto Rico. The winds around the convent were strong, allowing Sister Bertille to take flight when dressed in her impressive coronet. The half-hour series originally ran on ABC from September 7, 1967 to September 18, 1970, producing 83 episodes.", "The Flying Nun is an American sitcom produced by Screen Gems for ABC based on the book The Fifteenth Pelican, by Tere Rios, which starred Sally Field as Sister Bertrille. The sitcom ran for three seasons, and produced 82 color episodes from September 7, 1967, to September 18, 1970, on ABC.", "For that, we turn to The Nun’s Story (1959), adapted from the novel by Kathryn Hulme and starring Audrey Hepburn as Sister Luke. The movie provides an unusual glimpse into the centuries-old process designed to redirect the independent nature of young women to a life of personal spirituality and service to God. Dancers from the Rome Opera Ballet corps were hired to play nuns in the early scenes of the film, which were choreographed to capture the complex convent rituals.", "The provocative and richly-Technicolored spiritual melodrama (with Oscar-winning cinematography by Jack Cardiff) was based on the novel by Rumer Godden. The dazzling cinematographic masterpiece told about a convent (with a school and hospital infirmary) and group of sexually-repressed British Anglican nuns in the far remote Himalayans, with breath-taking imagery of the donated exotic sultan's palace (once a bordello) with a bell tower on the edge of a precipice. The convent was led by devout and pious Sister Clodagh (Deborah Kerr), the Sister Superior. One of the unstable, sexually-conflicted and spurned Anglican nuns, insane Sister Ruth (Kathleen Byron), was driven mad by repressed and starved sexuality and jealousy after turning mad with lust for British government intermediary, sexy yet cynical officer Mr. Dean (David Farrar). In a sideplot, Jean Simmons portrayed a sexually-intriguing native girl named Kanchi. In the unnerving, climactic conclusion, Sister Ruth renounced her nunhood vows, adorned herself in a bright-red forbidden dress, applied matching lipstick (symbolizing her break with the nunnery), and sought to attack her rival Sister Clodagh. The cathartic scene ended when intended victim Sister Clodagh was saved from death as she grabbed hold of the belltower rope after being pushed toward the precipice by jealous and vengeful Sister Ruth, who lost her balance and fell to her death.", "The sitcom is THE FLYING NUN, which premiered in the fall of 1967 starring future Oscar-winner Sally Field. Our gal Sal played a novice nun assigned to a convent in Puerto Rico where the combination of her huge headgear (which kind of looked like a paper airplane on steroids) and the prevailing local winds frequently sent the sister soaring. It was a mixed blessing for Sister Bertrille. The opening credits did, after all, show her crash-landing through a stained glass window, though it certainly sounded like she was having fun when she sang the show's theme song :", "Sumptuous and powerful adaptation of Rumer Godden's novel about a group of nuns who struggle to establish a mission in a remote part of the Himalayas. The film is distinguished by Jack Cardiff's Oscar®-winning colour cinematography, which adds visual impact to the drama, although it was shot entirely in the studio. The nuns face emotional and physical challenges, and the final sequences remain stunning, with Deborah Kerr giving a fine performance as the Sister Superior. Art Director Alfred Junge also won an Academy Award.", "Debbie Reynolds starred as \"The Singing Nun\" (1964), which was loosely based on the French nun \"Sister Smile,\" who had an international hit with her recording of \"Dominique.\" The movie co-starred Greer Garson, Agnes Moorehead and Ricardo Montalban.", "*Polly Clarke, best-selling female novelist who became a nun after her experiences in \"And God Created Woman\".", "The Exorcist is a 1973 American supernatural horror film directed by William Friedkin, adapted by William Peter Blatty from his 1971 novel of the same name, and starring Ellen Burstyn, Linda Blair, Max von Sydow, and Jason Miller. The book, inspired by the 1949 exorcism of Roland Doe, deals with the demonic possession of a 12-year-old girl and her mother's attempts to win back her child through an exorcism conducted by two priests. The adaption is relatively faithful to the book, which itself has been commercially successful (hitting the New York Times bestseller list).", "* Bernadette's life was given a fictionalized treatment in Franz Werfel's novel, The Song of Bernadette, which was later adapted by Henry King into a 1943 film of the same name, starring Jennifer Jones as Bernadette and the uncredited Linda Darnell as the Immaculate Conception. Jones won the Best Actress Oscar for this portrayal. ", "Based upon the 1967 historical novel by Joan Lindsay, this mystery drama from Australian director Peter Weir tells the fictional story of several schoolgirls and a teacher from Appleyard College, who disappeared while picnicking near Mt. Macedon in the state of Victoria, Australia on Valentine's Day in 1900.", "By any reckoning, Thérèse's rise to fame has been remarkable. When she died, in the infirmary of this convent, on 30 September 1897, her life seemed so pathetically uneventful that her sisters in the community wondered what the prioress could write in the traditional obituary that was dispatched to neighbouring convents. Then someone remembered that, a few years earlier, Thérèse had written a short autobiography, and it was decided to use that as the basis of a tribute. The tribute proved popular: its fame spread from convent to convent, and a second print run of 2,000 was ordered. When the nuns were left with some copies, they resourcefully decided to sell them, and Thérèse's autobiography, The Story of a Soul, has never been out of print since. It's been translated into 50 languages, and millions of copies have been sold worldwide.", "* Requiem for a Nun (Requiem pour une nonne, adapted from William Faulkner's novel by the same name) (1956)", "In 1965, Debbie Reynolds starred in The Singing Nun, a biographical film loosely based on Deckers. Deckers reportedly rejected the film as \"fiction\".", "* Francis of Assisi, a 1961 film directed by Michael Curtiz, based on the novel The Joyful Beggar by Louis de Wohl", "Anne of Green Gables is a 1908 novel by Canadian author Lucy Maud Montgomery. Written for all ages, it has been considered a children’s novel since the mid-20th century. It recounts the adventures of Anne Shirley, an 11-year-old orphan girl who is mistakenly sent to Matthew and Marilla Cuthbert, a middle-aged brother and sister who had intended to adopt a boy to help them on their farm in Prince Edward Island. The novel recounts how Anne makes her way with the Cuthberts, in school, and within the town.", "In 1990, screenwriters Weaver Webb and Fred & Mark Brogger, and director Christopher Leitch, produced Courage Mountain, starring Charlie Sheen and Juliette Caton as Heidi. Billed as a sequel to Spyri's story, the film is anachronistic in that it depicts Heidi as a teenager during World War I, despite the fact that the original novel (where Heidi is only five years old) was published in 1881.", "Travers, like Pamela in Saving Mr. Banks, insisted that the movie adaptation of Mary Poppins not include the color red . (The movie suggests that this demand had to do with seeing her father cough up blood when she was a child; it was more likely an arbitrary demand meant to irritate the creative team.) Travers also fought against Americanisms in the script, including the song “Let’s Go Fly a Kite.” (As seen in the movie, she preferred “Let’s go and fly a kite.”) Citing recordings of their meetings, Lawson describes the Disney writers as “deferential” and Travers as “anxious and dictatorial,” and the movie hews closely to those descriptions.", "Boris Akunin, Pelagia and the Red Rooster (2008; titled Sister Pelagia and the Red Cockerel in the U.S.), about a nineteenth century Russian nun investigating a self-proclaimed prophet amid a series of sinister events, from murder to miracles; #3 in the Sister Pelagia mystery series.", "Amy Belding Brown, Flight of the Sparrow (2014), about Mary Rowlandson, a Puritan woman captured by Indians in 1676 who finds herself drawn to the Indians' ways and begins to question her previous way of life.", "A Catholic nun is a woman who has taken vows (the male equivalent is often called a monk or friar). A major traditional distinction between a nun and a religious sister is that nuns are members of enclosed religious orders and take solemn religious vows, through which they renounce all property, including inheritances, while sisters have \"simple\" vows, which allows them to inherit property. Also, as monastics, nuns commit themselves to the daily recitation of the Liturgy of the Hours throughout the day in church, usually in a solemn manner. As a result of this way of life, for those making this commitment, they are distinguished within the monastic community under the title of 'choir nuns', as opposed to lay sisters, who are entrusted with the upkeep of the monastery, or even running errands outside the cloister. This last task, though, is often entrusted to women, called 'externs', who live outside the enclosure proper. They do not belong to the order of the nuns and were usually either oblates or members of the associated Third Order, often wearing the standard woman's attire of the period. Anne Hathaway was raised as Roman Catholic with what she considers \"really strong values\", and stated that she wished to be a nun during her childhood: \"When I was 11, I felt like I got a calling from God to be a nun.\" ", "Nuns play an important role in the public's image of religious symbolism. A list of notable works in which nuns play a major part ranges from A Time for Miracles which is hagiography to realistic accounts by Kathryn Hulme and Monica Baldwin to the blatant nunsploitation of Sacred Flesh. Works can include those which portray Catholic nuns or non-Catholic such as Black Narcissus (Anglican), and Minsara Kanavu (church of south India).", "Charles Busch loved The Nun’s Story growing up, as well as two other films from the previous decade with a strong spiritual element:", "*1971 The Exorcist, a novel of demonic possession and the mysteries of the Catholic faith, is published", "The Girl at the Lion d'Or by Sebastian Faulks, was the author's second novel. Set in the tiny French village of Janvilliers in 1936. Together with Birdsong and Charlotte Gray, it makes up Faulks' France Trilogy. The character Charles Hartmann is common to all three books.", "The star was a young Sally Field (post-Gidget), who played a spunky novice nun assigned to the Daughters of Charity convent in Puerto Rico. As a novice, Sister Bertrille, as she was called, wore a white habit robe with a heavily starched winged cornette.", "Amazon.com: Nuns on the Run: Eric Idle, Robbie Coltrane, Camille Coduri, Janet Suzman, Doris Hare, Lila Kaye, Robert Patterson, Robert Morgan, Winston Dennis, Tom Hickey, Colin Campbell, Richard Simpson, Michael Garfath, Jonathan Lynn, David Martin, Denis O'Brien, George Harrison, Michael White ...", "Joanne Harris, Holy Fools (2004), about a widow and former actress who seeks shelter in a remote Breton convent, only to be confronted with a sinister figure out of her past after the abbess dies and is replaced.", "However, centuries before St. Margaret Mary Alacoque, a Visitation Sister, in the 17th century,  was credited with making the devotion popular (thanks to her French biographer) certain Benedictine monks and nuns had encouraged it—including  St. Anselm, the Abbot/Archbishop of Canterbury in pre-Reformation days, and especially two German nuns of Helfta Abbey, Gertrude and Mechtilde.  (Writers often confuse the two Mechtildes and Gertrudes who were all contemporary members at the same time—Mechtilde of Magdeburg and Gertrude the Great, not the two Hackeborn siblings. Even the Catholic Encyclopedia misplaces our special Gertrude in the image portrayed with her biography there.  Ours was never the abbess: the noble Hackeborn Gertrude, also a mystic, was.)", "Is one of two actresses who won an Oscar for playing a nun. The first was Jennifer Jones in The Song of Bernadette (1943).", "Julia, du bist zauberhaft (1962) starring Lilli Palmer and Charles Boyer. Based on the novel Theatre." ]

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[ "The Smothers Brothers are Thomas (\"Tom\" - born February 2, 1937) and Richard (\"Dick\" - born November 20, 1939), American singers, musicians, comedians and folk heroes. The brothers' trademark act was performing folk songs (Tommy on acoustic guitar, Dick on string bass), which usually led to arguments between the siblings. Tommy's signature line was, \"Mom always liked you best!\" Tommy (the elder of the two) acted \"slow\", and Dick, the straight man, acted \"superior\".", "Although Williams attracted attention with his melodic 12-string guitar and banjo playing in the early 1960s, he initially attracted attention as a writer for The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour. In addition to co-writing the show's theme song, Williams created comedy skits including a presidential campaign by comedian Pat Paulsen in 1968. Williams received Emmy awards in 1967 and 1969 for Outstanding Writing Achievement in Comedy, Variety and Music. He was nominated for an Emmy for his work on The Smothers Brothers' 20th Reunion Special in 1988. Williams has also written comedy material for Steve Martin , Andy Williams , Glen Campbell , Dinah Shore , Roger Miller and Petula Clark .", "Although Williams attracted attention with his melodic 12-string guitar and banjo playing in the early 1960s, he initially attracted attention as a writer for The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour. In addition to co-writing the show's theme song, Williams created comedy skits including a presidential campaign by comedian Pat Paulsen in 1968. Williams received Emmy awards in 1967 and 1969 for Outstanding Writing Achievement in Comedy, Variety and Music. He was nominated for an Emmy for his work on The Smothers Brothers' 20th Reunion Special in 1988. Williams has also written comedy material for Steve Martin, Andy Williams, Glen Campbell, Dinah Shore, Roger Miller and Petula Clark.", "Eric Patrick Clapton, CBE (born 30 March 1945), nicknamed Slowhand, is a Grammy Award-winning English rock guitarist, singer, songwriter and composer. He is one of the most successful musicians of the 20th and 21st centuries, garnering an unprecedented three inductions into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (The Yardbirds, Cream, and solo). Often viewed by critics and fans alike as one of the greatest guitarists of all time, Clapton was ranked fourth in Rolling Stone Magazines list of the \"100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\" and #53 on their list of the The Immortals: 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.", "in 1937 - Tom Smothers, American comedian, singer/songwriter and guitarist, is born. Smothers was a California state champion gymnast on the parallel bars in his youth, and is extremely adept at yo yo tricks. \"Mom always liked you best!\"", "21His brother's name was Jubal; he was the father of all those who play the lyre and pipe.", "I am SO JAZZED! I just found out about an hour ago that Curtis Salgado is playing, in town, tonight! I was introduced to his music about a year ago, and it is the kind of music that just makes you want to dance and sway to every note. He is performing at the Historic Everett Theater, at 8 pm. If you haven't heard of him, hear is a bit of his bio. Woohoo! Curtis Salgado is an American, Portland, Oregon, based blues, R&B, and soul singer-songwriter. He plays harmonica and fronts his own band as lead vocalist. Salgado was the inspiration behind John Belushi 's creation of the Blues Brothers characters in the late 1970s. [1] They met and became friends while Belushi was in Eugene, Oregon filming the movie Animal House. The Blues Brother's debut album Briefcase Full of Blues is dedicated to Salgado and Cab Calloway's character in The Blues Brothers film is named after Curtis. For six years he performed with Robert Cray's band, and sang lead on Cray's debut album. In 1995, he spent a short stint as the lead ...", "Isaac “Ike” Cole (July 13, 1927 – April 22, 2001) was an American jazz pianist and composer. Born in Chicago, Illinois, Cole was the younger brother of Nat “King” Cole and the older brother of Freddy Cole, and played drums as a youth. He played bass drum in a U.S. Army band during the Korean War, and moved back to Chicago after his discharge, where he formed his own jazz trio. He appeared on television in the 1950s and held a residency in Las Vegas, later touring internationally. He made regular appearances at Chicago clubs such as the Pump Room and 20 stylus magazine", "jazz musician: tenor sax; one of the �Pittsburgh Brethren�; played with Tommy Turrentine [his brother], Lowell Fulson, Tadd Dameron, Earl Bostic, Max Roach; his hits included: The Look of Love, Midnight Special, Look Out, Pieces of a Dream, Straight Ahead, Wonderland, La Place; died Sep 12, 2000", "On 26 March 2005 Paul Hester was found dead, after hanging himself from a tree in a park near his home in Melbourne. He was 46 years old. His obituary in The Sydney Morning Herald stated that he had fought \"a long battle with depression.\" Following the news of Hester's death, Nick Seymour joined The Finn Brothers on stage at the Royal Albert Hall in London, where the three played in memory of Paul. A snare drum with a top hat on it stood at the front of the stage as a tribute. Writing in 2010 Neil Finn said, \"When we lost Paul it was like someone pulled the rug out from underneath everything, a terrible jolt out of the dark blue. He was the best drummer I had ever played with and for many years, my closest friend.\" ", "RARE OLDIES SOUNDIES WITH MR FATS WALLER !!! Thomas Wright \"Fats\" Waller (May 21, 1904 -- December 15, 1943) was an influential jazz pianist, organist, composer, singer, and comedic entertainer, whose innovations to the Harlem stride style laid the groundwork for modern jazz piano, and whose best-known compositions, \"Ain't Misbehavin'\" and \"Honeysuckle Rose\", were inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame posthumously, in 1984 and 1999.", "2009: James Gurley, guitar player for Big Brother and the Holding Company, dies of a heart attack in Palm Desert, California. He was 69. Hurley spent four years at Detroit’s Catholic Brothers of the Holy Cross, studying to be a priest, but instead embarked on a music career with Janis Joplin, with whom he later had an affair while married. Gurley’s wife forgave both him and Joplin (with whom she had a close friendship) and the band, along with their wives and children, all moved into a single house in Lagunitas, California in 1966. In 1969, Nancy Gurley died of a heroin overdose and Gurley was charged with her murder for injecting the drugs. He was later sentenced to probation.", "in 1900 - Roy Smeck, American ukulele, guitar, steel guitar and banjo player, is born. Smeck was known as the \"Wizard of the Strings,\" and wrote several instruction books. He was a master of all the instruments named, but was especially known as a ukulele virtuoso. He's in the National Four-String Banjo Hall of Fame.", "Sylvester “Sylvo” Reams was a former member of the United States Marine Band in Chicago, and later the secretary, general manager, and one of the initial investors in the Gibson Mandolin Company . By 1898, Reams was directing the Kalamazoo Chamber of Commerce Band, and a year later, was playing saxophone in the Simons Brothers’ Orchestra. His brother, Arthur Reams, was proprietor of the Reams Brothers’ Music Store, where the orchestra practiced and occasionally performed.", "There is a style of playing the guitar called Travis picking. The style was developed and made popular by Merle Travis, son of a Kentucky coal miner who wrote dozens of hit songs and whose music has been influential to generations of songwriters and guitarists.", "Jimmie Lawrence Vaughan was born in Dallas, Texas on March 20, 1951. He is a blues guitarist and singer. He is the older brother of Stevie Ray Vaughan.", "1948 ● Dennis Larden → With brother Larry, guitar and vocals for one hit wonder pop-folk Every Mother’s Son, “Come On Down To My Boat” (#6, 1967)", "Brother Bones (Freeman Davis) (aka Whistling Sam) - Died 6-14-1974 in Longbeach, CA, U.S. - Born 10-4-1902 in Montgomery, AL, U.S. - Percussionist and whistler - Led Brother Bones And His Shadows (They did, \"Sweet Georgia Brown\").", "Emmy Award-winning comedy writer: The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour [1968-69]; comedian, actor: All of Me, Roxanne, L.A. Story, Parenthood, Father of the Bride, Dead Men Don�t Wear Plaid, The Jerk, The Man with Two Brains, Three Amigos, Planes, Trains & Automobiles, Saturday Night Live", "For the next 17 years, Sebastian performed concerts, made guest appearances on other artists' records, and did occasional soundtrack work. In 1993, the independent Shanachie Records label finally put out his fifth studio album, Tar Beach . He then teamed up with a group of old friends and returned to playing the jug band music he had started with back in Greenwich Village more than 30 years before, forming a group he called John Sebastian and the J-Band and issuing I Want My Roots (1996) and Chasin' Gus' Ghost (1999). As part of the Lovin' Spoonful , he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2000.", "Richie Sambora, with the help of Tico Torres and David Bryan, released a solo album entitled Stranger In This Town, in 1991. The album featured Eric Clapton on the song \"Mr. Bluesman\". David Bryan recorded a soundtrack for the horror movie The Netherworld, which was the brighter part of that year after he was hospitalized with an illness caused by a South American parasite. Alec John Such took a fall off of his motorcycle which injured his bass-playing hand, forcing him to develop a whole new way to hold and play his instrument.", "Scruggs joined Bill Monroe's Blue Grass Boys in late 1945, and quickly popularized his syncopated, three-finger picking style. In 1948 Scruggs and guitarist Lester Flatt left Monroe's band and formed the Foggy Mountain Boys, also later known simply as Flatt and Scruggs. Flatt and Scruggs became members of the Grand Ole Opry in the 1950s. In 1969, they broke up, and he started a new band, the Earl Scruggs Revue, featuring two of his three sons.", "The Bar-Kays, which consisted of guitarist Jimmy King, trumpeter Ben Cauley, organist Ronnie Caldwell, saxophonist Phalon Jones, bassist James Alexander, and drummer Carl Cunningham, were formed in Memphis in 1968. The Bar-Kays caught the attention of Stax Records which signed them in 1967. After serving as a back-up band, the Bar-Kays released their own hit called “Soul Finger.”  Shortly thereafter, all the band members except James Alexander and Ben Cauley were tragically killed in the same plane crash that took the life of recording artist Otis Redding. Alexander reformed the Bar-Kays which backed Isaac Hayes’ hit “Hot Buttered Soul”. The new group consisted of Alexander on bass, Willie Hall on drums, Winston Stewart on organ, Barry Wilkins and Vernon Burch on guitar, Harvey Henderson on the saxophone, and vocalist Larry Dodson. This group had some success and remained intact until 1988. A third ensemble was assembled in the 1990 by Alexander and Dodson. Alexander’s son is the award-winning  rapper  and  record producer ,  Phalon “Jazze Pha” Alexander , who was named after  Phalon Jones .", "The documentary includes new interviews with surviving brother Don and archival interviews with Phil, who died in January 2014 . Art Garfunkel, Keith Richards, Graham Nash, Dave Edmunds, Tim Rice, Albert Lee, Waddy Wachtel and Jake Bugg also discuss the duo's influence. Bugg contributes two exclusive acoustic performances of Everly Brothers tracks.", "Roy's singing is unmistakable on the first album Volume One, which provided the hit singles 'End of the Line' and 'Not Alone Anymore', as well as 'Handle With Care'. The band were touring when Roy suffered a massive heart attack at his mother's home, causing his untimely death on 6 December, 1988, at the age of 52. His lifeless body was found by his brother Sam, who had worked for Roy since 1975. Sam Orbison continues to play a significant role in perpetuating the memory of his legendary sibling.", "1976: The Allman Brothers Band temporarily disbanded after Greg Allman testified against Scooter Herring, his personal road manager, who was charged with drug trafficking. Herring was subsequently sentenced to 75 years in prison. An album of previously unreleased live material was issued later in the year under the title \"Wipe the Windows, Check the Oil, Dollar Gas\". In the two years that the band was apart, Gregg Allman married Cher, while Dickey Betts formed his Great Southern band. Due to the judge’s handling of jurors, Scooter ends up serving only about 3 years in prison. He is later pardoned by President Jimmy Carter, and dies peacefully in 2007.", "The Shane-Gambill-Grove Kingston Trio existed from 1976 through 1985, when Gambill died unexpectedly from a heart ailment at the age of 45. The nine years of this configuration was to that point the longest period of time that any three musicians had worked together as the Kingston Trio, and the group released two albums of largely original material. ", "``Stevie`s brother, Jimmie, had flown in as a surprise for the show and joined Stevie, Buddy Guy, Robert Cray and Eric in a closing jam,`` he said.", "2001, Oasis, The Black Crowes and Spacehog kicked off 'The Tour of Brotherly Love', a North American tour at The Hard Rock in Las Vegas, Nevada. (The three bands featuring pairs of brothers (Noel and Liam Gallagher, Chris and Rich Robinson, Royston and Antony Langdon, respectively).", "2001: Oasis, The Black Crowes and Spacehog kicked off ‘The Tour of Brotherly Love’, a North American tour at The Hard Rock in Las Vegas, Nevada. (The three bands featuring pairs of brothers (Noel and Liam Gallagher, Chris and Rich Robinson, Royston and Antony Langdon).", "2001: Oasis, The Black Crowes and Spacehog kicked off 'The Tour of Brotherly Love', a North American tour at The Hard Rock in Las Vegas, Nevada. (The three bands featuring pairs of brothers (Noel and Liam Gallagher, Chris and Rich Robinson, Royston and Antony Langdon).", "Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs with the Foggy Mountain Boys & Ernest Tubb and His Texas Troubadours" ]

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[ "Adam's Rib (1973). Ken Howard and Blythe Danner in the Spencer Tracy (Adam Bonner) and Katherine Hepburn (Amanda Bonner) roles. This series was based on the 1949 film starring Spencer Tracy and Katharine Hepburn.", "Adam's Rib (1949). Starring: Spencer Tracy, Katherine Hepburn. A courtroom drama/comedy where Katherine Hepburn and Spencer Tracy, as husband and wife, are on opposite ends of a criminal prosecution where she defends a women charged with murdering her husband with Spencer Tracy prosecuting the case. Conflict of interest? Read a movie review by Tim Dirks .", "Adam's Rib is a 1949 American film written by Ruth Gordon and Garson Kanin and directed by George Cukor. It stars Spencer Tracy and Katharine Hepburn as married lawyers who come to oppose each other in court. Judy Holliday co-stars as the third lead in her second credited movie role. The music was composed by Miklós Rózsa, except for the song \"Farewell, Amanda\", which was written by Cole Porter.", "Analyzing the dynamic between Spencer Tracy and Katharine Hepburn in the classic film Adam’s Rib (1949), Michael Wood writes of Tracy: “He was always going to win, sooner or later. That is what gendered power is about.” As a child I remember hating the movie, with its ritual scenes of putting Hepburn back in her place. Yet as an adult I found myself on the opposite side of the equation. My butch masculinity causes me plenty of trouble and occasional terrifying moments, but it also gives me enormous privilege. I don’t know which street corners are bad for sexual harassment until my partner tells me; my expertise is overrated and hers is undervalued; my shoes are warm and comfortable and my graying hair earns me jokes about becoming a ‘silver fox’, not recommendations for colorists.", "�Also, Spencer Tracy and Kathleen Hepburn appeared in a 1949 film called Adams Rib, which also featured an infamous liquorice gun scene. The gun used in the film was also made out of liquorice produced in Pontefract.�", "The first of nine films teaming Katharine Hepburn and Spencer Tracy together was George Stevens' Woman of the Year (1942). Other comedic pairings of the watchable duo in the decade included State of the Union (1948) and their sixth collaboration together - in George Cukor's marvelous Adam's Rib (1949) .", "Preserving Tracy's legacy, an award for excellence in film acting is bestowed in his name at the University of California, Los Angeles. Past recipients of the UCLA Spencer Tracy Award include James Stewart, Michael Douglas , Denzel Washington , Tom Hanks , Anthony Hopkins , Kirk Douglas and Morgan Freeman . A documentary about Tracy was made in 1986, entitled The Spencer Tracy Legacy. First broadcast by PBS, and hosted by Katharine Hepburn, it includes footage of Tracy's career and interviews with his former co-stars. In 2009, Tracy provided inspiration for the character Carl in Pixar's Oscar-winning film Up . Director Pete Docter explained that there is \"something sweet about these grumpy old guys\".", "Tracy finished off the 1940s with Malaya (1949), an adventure film with James Stewart, and Adam's Rib (1949), a comedy with Tracy and Hepburn playing married lawyers who oppose each other in court. Tracy and Hepburn's friends, Garson Kanin and Ruth Gordon, wrote the parts specifically for the duo. The film received strong reviews and became the highest grossing Tracy-Hepburn picture to date. Film critic Bosley Crowther wrote, \"Mr. Tracy and Miss Hepburn are the stellar performers in this show and their perfect compatibility in comic capers is delightful to see.\" ", "Tracy finished off the 1940s with Malaya (1949), an adventure film with James Stewart , and Adam's Rib (1949), a comedy with Tracy and Hepburn playing married lawyers who oppose each other in court. Tracy and Hepburn's friends, Garson Kanin and Ruth Gordon, wrote the parts specifically for the duo. The film received strong reviews and became the highest grossing Tracy-Hepburn picture to date. Film critic Bosley Crowther wrote, \"Mr. Tracy and Miss Hepburn are the stellar performers in this show and their perfect compatibility in comic capers is delightful to see.\"", "Tracy and Hepburn appeared onscreen together for a third consecutive year in the 1949 film Adam's Rib. Like Woman of the Year, it was a \"battle of the sexes\" comedy and was written specifically for the duo by their friends Garson Kanin and Ruth Gordon. A story of married lawyers who oppose each other in court, Hepburn described it as \"perfect for [Tracy] and me\". Although her political views still prompted scattered picketing at theatres around the country, Adam's Rib was a hit, favorably reviewed and the most profitable Tracy–Hepburn picture to date. The New York Times critic Bosley Crowther was full of praise for the film and hailed the duo's \"perfect compatibility\". ", "Bud Spencer, the burly former Italian athlete who became an iconic film star in his native country, has died at age 86. Spencer, whose real name was Carlo Pedersoli, chose his stage name as a tribute to Budweiser beer, which he loved, and Spencer Tracy, his favorite film star. Although Spencer's film found some exposure in the American market, his greatest success was found in European comedy westerns that often co-starred his friend Terence Hill. Among the films that are best known to English-speaking audiences are \"Ace High\", \"The Five Man Army\", \"They Call Me Trinity\", \"Trinity is STILL My Name!\", \"Four Flies on Grey Velvet\" and \"A Reason to Live, A Reason to Die\". Among the contemporary actors Spencer counted among his admirers was Russell Crowe. For more click here .  ", "Guess Who's Coming to Dinner is a 1967 American comedy-drama film produced and directed by Stanley Kramer, and written by William Rose. It stars Spencer Tracy, Sidney Poitier, Katharine Hepburn and featuring Hepburn's niece Katharine Houghton. The film contains a (then rare) positive representation of the controversial subject of interracial marriage, which historically had been illegal in most states of the United States, and still was illegal in 17 states—mostly Southern states—until 12 June 1967, six months before the film was released, roughly two weeks after Tracy filmed his final scene (and two days after his death), when anti-miscegenation laws were struck down by the Supreme Court in Loving v. Virginia. The movie's Oscar-nominated score was composed by Frank De Vol. ", "Keaton additionally had a cameo as Jimmy, appearing near the end of the film It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963). Jimmy assists Spencer Tracy 's character, Captain C. G. Culpepper, by readying Culpepper's ultimately-unused boat for his abortive escape. (The restored version of that film, released in 2013, contains a restored scene where Jimmy and Culpeper talk on the telephone. Lost after the comedy epic's \" roadshow \" exhibition, the audio of that scene was discovered, and combined with still pictures to recreate the scene.) Keaton was given more screen time in A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum (1966). The appearance, after it was released after his death, was his posthumous swansong.", "Virtually peerless in natural talent and professional accomplishment, actor Spencer Tracy had an unparalleled career that spanned four decades and amassed nine Academy Award nominations, a record he continues to share with Laurence Olivier .", "Several of Tracy's films, particularly his comedies, are regarded as classics of American cinema. He starred in four of the titles on the American Film Institute's list of \"100 Years ... 100 Laughs\": Adam's Rib, It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World, Father of the Bride and Woman of the Year. Guess Who's Coming to Dinner was included on AFI's list of the 100 greatest American movies, while Captains Courageous was featured on their list of America's most inspiring movies. ", "Hal Roach saw promise in the tousle-haired, innocent-looking youth with the slightly squealy voice and signed him up for a some WWII comedy programmers teamed up with actor Joe Sawyer . He and the tough-looking Sawyer played Sgts. \"Dodo\" Doubleday and William Ames, respectively, in the flimsy but amusing misadventures of two soldiers at odds with each other. Tracy's character has a photographic memory which steers him into all sorts of unexpected trouble. Audiences took to the harmless escapism and Roach obliged by churning out more of these lowbudgets, recreating the characters in About Face , Hay Foot , Fall In and Yanks Ahoy .", "The Kid :  (aka Junior Tracy) A street urchin who had to go through trash cans for food and steal to keep from being beat up by his ruthless guardian, the Kid is taken under the wing of Dick Tracy and tags along on his adventures (even without Tracy realizing it). He saved Tracy's life and was one of the loudest voices in Tracy's defense in his so-called involvement in the murder of D.A. Fletcher. The Kid idolized Tracy so much that he decided to name himself after his hero; Dick Tracy Jr. (portrayed by Charlie Korsmo)", "Guess Who's Coming to Dinner explored the topic of interracial marriage, with Tracy playing a liberal-minded newspaper publisher whose values are challenged when his daughter wishes to marry a black man, played by Sidney Poitier. Tracy was happy to be working again, but told the press the movie would be his last. To commence filming, Tracy had to be insured for the high premium of $71,000; Hepburn and Kramer both put their salaries in escrow until Tracy completed his scenes. In poor health, Tracy could only work for two or three hours each day. He completed his last scene on May 24, 1967. Tracy died 17 days later from a heart attack on June 10. ", "Guess Who's Coming to Dinner explored the topic of interracial marriage, with Tracy playing a liberal-minded newspaper publisher whose values are challenged when his daughter wishes to marry a black man, played by Sidney Poitier . Tracy was happy to be working again, but told the press the movie would be his last. To commence filming, Tracy had to be insured for the high premium of $71,000; Hepburn and Kramer both put their salaries in escrow until Tracy completed his scenes. In poor health, Tracy could only work for two or three hours each day. He completed his last scene on May 24, 1967. 17 days later, on June 10, Tracy died from a heart attack.", "Alan Alda - Alphonso Joseph D'Abruzzo (born January 28, 1936) is a five-time Emmy Award-winning, six-time Golden Globe-winning, Academy Award-nominated American actor. He is perhaps most famous for his role as Hawkeye Pierce in the television series M.A.S.H. Alda contracted polio, aged 7, during an epidemic. His parents administered a painful treatment, developed by Sister Elizabeth Kenny, where hot woolen blankets were applied to the limbs and the muscles were stretched by massage. This treatment, though brutal, allowed Alda to recover much movement.", "Mr. Grady, a versatile musician and singer who got his start in television as a Mouseketeer on “The Mickey Mouse Club,” considered music his vocation and his acting career something of an accident. At 14, he was an aspiring musician in high school who played ukulele, drums, accordion and clarinet while acting on the side when he was called to audition for the part of Robbie Douglas, one of three sons of the wistful, pipe-smoking widower Steve Douglas, played by Fred MacMurray.", "During his time at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts, he befriend fellow actor Spencer Tracy . When he was a teenager, he toured with The Shepherd of the Hills throughout the Western United States.", "The 1952 Warner Brothers film was directed by David Butler. Some scenes in the movie were filmed in Oxford, England (where the story takes place), yet the movie makes almost no attempt to take advantage of these authentic locations. The film's cast starred Ray Bolger, Allyn Ann McLerie and Horace Cooper repeating their stage roles, and Robert Shackleton as Jack Chesney, Mary Germaine as Kitty Verdun, and Howard Marion-Crawford as Sir Francis Chesney. The movie ends with each of the principal cast members taking a curtain call.", "Pittsburgh-born actor William Tracy was born on December 1, 1917, and began performing professionally as a youth. Trained at the American Academy of Dramatic Art, he appeared in musical and comedy roles until his big break arrived in 1937 at age 19 when he took over the role of fidgety military school \"plebe\" Misto Bottome in the hit Broadway show \"Brother Rat.\" The following year he recreated the role in the film version of Brother Rat that had him in good standing company alongside up-and-coming Warner Bros. actors Wayne Morris , Priscilla Lane , Eddie Albert (also from the Broadway show) and both Ronald Reagan and Jane Wyman , who would marry a short time later. William's second film assignment for Warners was playing 'Pat O'Brien' (I)'s as a young adult in the classic yarn Angels with Dirty Faces .", "Tracy has been nominated for an Oscar nine times from 1937 to 1968. He took home the coveted prize twice in consecutive years: for his lead role in Captains Courageous in 1938 and for Boys Town in 1939. The second time he won, Tracy was not present at the awards ceremony and his wife accepted the award on his behalf.", "He appeared in the television shows Laughter in Store (1957), Drake's Progress (1957â58), Charlie Drake In⦠(1958 to 1960) and The Charlie Drake Show (1960 to 1961), being remembered for his opening catchphrase \"Hello, my darlings!\" The catchphrase came about because he was short, and so his eyes would often be naturally directly level with a lady's bosom. Because of this and because in his television work he preferred appearing with big-busted women, the catchphrase was born.<br /><br /> The later series was ended, however, by a serious accident that occurred in 1961, during a live transmission. Drake had arranged for a bookcase to be set up in such a way that it would fall apart during a slapstick sketch in which he was pulled through it. It was later discovered that an over-enthusiastic workman had \"mended\" the bookcase before the broadcast. The actors working with him, unaware of what had happened, proceeded with the rest of the sketch which required that they pick him up and throw him through an open window. Drake fractured his skull and was unconscious for three days. It was two years before he returned to the screen. Read Less", "Then: In ‘Friday the 13th,’ Bacon was pot-smoking camp counselor Jack, who gets done in by an arrow to the neck. He played a supporting role two years later in ‘Diner’ before 1984’s ‘Footloose’ made him a household name.", "Actor. Fondly remembered for playing 'Spanky' in the Our Gang/Little Rascals serial comedies. He was featured in many of the one-reelers from the 1930s and 40s. He appeared on the television show \"Cheers\" shortly before his death. (Bio by: A.J. Marik )", "* Tonsils (1952) - Singer and associate of Mr Crime who shot and wounded Dick Tracy on July 30, 1952. Killed when thrown by Panda into a barracuda pool August 20, 1952. Remains found by Dick Tracy. ", "Spencer wrote the complete or partial screenplay for some of his movies. His feature film career slowed down after 1983, shifting more toward television. In the 1990s, he acted in the television action-drama Extralarge. His autobiography was published in 2011. In addition, Spencer also published a recipe book including his favorite dishes. ", "Morning Trivia: He was a film and television actor, best-known for playing the role of Trapper John in the CBS television series, M*A*S*H. Who was he?", "He made his first film, Petticoat Pirates, in 1961; released a hit single, My Boomerang Won't Come Back, in 1963; and a year later appeared in the United States on The Ed Sullivan Show. By the end of the decade he had made several series of The Charlie Drake Show, appeared in a musical (The Man in the Moon, 1968) at the London Palladium and starred in his second film, The Cracksman (1968), which flopped badly." ]

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[ "Rooney appeared in four television series': The Mickey Rooney Show (1954-1955), a comedy sit-com in 1964 with Sammee Tong called Mickey, One of the Boys in 1982 with Dana Carvey and Nathan Lane , and The New Adventures of the Black Stallion from 1990-1993. In 1981, Rooney won an Emmy Award for his portrayal of a mentally challenged man in Bill . The critical acclaim continued to flow for the veteran performer, with Rooney receiving an honorary Academy Award \"in recognition of his 60 years of versatility in a variety of memorable film performances\". More recently he has appeared in such films as Night at the Museum with Ben Stiller and The Muppets with Amy Adams and Jason Segel .", "In 1963, he entered CBS's The Twilight Zone , giving a one-man performance in the episode \" The Last Night of a Jockey \". Also in 1963, in 'The Hunt' episode 9, season 1 for Suspense Theater , he played the sadistic sheriff hunting the young surfer played by James Caan . In 1964, he launched another half-hour sitcom, Mickey, on ABC. The story line had \"Mickey\" operating a resort hotel in southern California. Son Tim Rooney appeared as Rooney's teenaged son on this program, and Emmaline Henry starred as Rooney's wife. It lasted 17 episodes, ending primarily due to the suicide of co-star Sammee Tong in October 1964. [19]", "His first television series, The Mickey Rooney Show: Hey, Mulligan (created by Blake Edwards with Rooney as his own producer), appeared on NBC television for 32 episodes between August 28, 1954, and June 4, 1955. In 1951, he directed a feature film for Columbia Pictures, My True Story starring Helen Walker. Rooney also starred as a ragingly egomaniacal television comedian, loosely based on Red Buttons, in the live 90-minute television drama The Comedian, in the Playhouse 90 series on the evening of Valentine's Day in 1957, and as himself in a revue called The Musical Revue of 1959 based on the 1929 film The Hollywood Revue of 1929, which was edited into a film in 1960, by British International Pictures. ", "Mickey Rooney was born Joe Yule Jr. on September 23, 1920 in Brooklyn, New York, and took the stage as a toddler in his parents' vaudeville act at 17 months old. He made his first film appearance in 1926. The following year, he played the lead character in the first Mickey McGuire short film. It was in this popular film series that he took the stage name Mickey Rooney. Rooney reached new heights in 1937 with A Family Affair, the film that introduced the country to Andy Hardy, the popular all-American teenager. This beloved character appeared in nearly 20 films and helped make Rooney the top star at the box office in 1939, 1940, and 1941. Rooney also proved himself an excellent dramatic actor as a delinquent in Boys Town starring Spencer Tracy. In 1938, he was awarded a juvenile Academy Award.", "Rooney, with Garland, was one of many celebrities caricatured in Tex Avery 's 1941 Warner Bros. cartoon Hollywood Steps Out . As of 2013 [update] , Rooney is the only surviving entertainer depicted in the cartoon. In 1991, Rooney was honored by the Young Artist Foundation with its Former Child Star \"Lifetime Achievement\" Award recognizing his achievements within the film industry as a child actor . [12] After presenting the award to Rooney, the foundation subsequently renamed the accolade \"The Mickey Rooney Award\" in his honor. [13] [14]", "* Born to vaudevillian parents, 7-year-old Joseph Yule Jr. landed a role as Mickey [=McGuire=] in a series of film shorts, and became identified with that name, even legally adopting it for a short period during legal wrangles over the series. Prohibited from using the name when touring as a comedy act, he chose a similar one, modifying his mother�s suggestion of \"Mickey Looney\", and becoming Mickey Rooney.", "Born to vaudevillian parents, 7-year-old Joseph Yule Jr. landed a role as Mickey McGuire in a series of film shorts, and became identified with that name, even legally adopting it for a short period during legal wrangles over the series. Prohibited from using the name when touring as a comedy act, he chose a similar one, modifying his mother�s suggestion of \"Mickey Looney\", and becoming Mickey Rooney.", "The Flintstones, which debuted in 1960, is considered the first example of the animated sitcom genre.[http://www.retroland.com/cartoon-sitcoms/#.Tv_Ws_Lm6ls Cartoon Sitcom Face-Off] The similar cartoon The Jetsons, which took place in the future rather than the past, followed in 1962.", "He had his first taste of show business as one of the original Mousketeers on Walt Disney 's The Mickey Mouse Club (his father claims that Walt Disney named the famous Mouse after him). He and brother Tim Rooney were hired in 1955 due to their ability to sing, dance and act. After appearing on the show for a year, their contracts were terminated after the mischievous boys got into a hassle with the studio's paint department (they sneaked in and poured different colors of paint in different cans). Six years later, at age 17, he hosted \"The Andy Hardy Theater\" on local TV. Musically inclined, he played bass in Willie Nelson 's band and has recorded an album called \"The Song Album.\" Like his height, his musical talent was inherited from his mother, who was a gifted vocalist. His maternal grandmother taught him how to play the ukulele by showing him how to play chords, which he then played on an acoustic guitar. In addition to playing bass and guitar, Mickey Jr. plays drums, harmonica and keyboards and writes music. He, his wife Laura and their friend John Whittinghill perform rock 'n' roll and gospel music as \"Mickey Rooney Jr. and Friends.\"", "Mickey Rooney Jr. was born on July 3, 1945, as Joseph Yule III to movie legend Mickey Rooney and his second wife (among his own wives was Merci Montello , the Playmate of the Month for December 1972 as \"Mercy Rooney\"). A beauty pageant winner (\"Miss Alabama 1944\"), the former Betty Jane Rase met Mickey Sr. when he was stationed in the Army in Birmingham, Alabama, during World War II. Mickey Jr. was the first of his father's nine children.", "Happy Days is an American television sitcom that originally aired from 1974 to 1984 on ABC. The show presents an idealized vision of life in 1950s and early 1960s America. The family consists of Howard Cunningham, a hardware store owner, his homemaker wife Marion and the couple's two children, Richie, an optimistic if somewhat naive teenager, and Joanie, Ritchie's sweet but feisty younger sister. The Cunninghams also had an older son named Chuck, a character who disappeared during the second season. The earlier episodes revolve around Richie and his friends, Potsie Weber, Ralph Malph and local dropout Arthur \"The Fonz\" Fonzarelli, but as the series progressed, \"Fonzie\" proved to be a favourite with viewers and soon more story lines were written to reflect his growing popularity. Soon Fonzie befriended Richie and the Cunningham family. The focus would also occasionally shift to other additional characters, such as Fonzie's cousin Chachi, who became a love interest for Joanie Cunningham. This long-running show spawned several other television series, including Laverne & Shirley, Mork & Mindy, and Joanie Loves Chachi.", "In 1938 he was severely reprimanded by MGM studio head Louis B. Mayer for having a torrid affair with Norma Shearer . The affair was causing quite a commotion on the set of her film Marie Antoinette (1938), where the two would hole up in her trailer. Mickey was 18 at the time. Shearer was 38 and her husband, MGM studio exec Irving Thalberg , had recently died. Mayer managed to keep the story from going public and it was not revealed until many years later, when Rooney gave the explicit details in his autobiography.", "The Flintstones is an animated, prime-time American television sitcom that was broadcast from September 30, 1960, to April 1, 1966, on ABC. The show was produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions. The Flintstones was about a working-class Stone Age man's life with his family and his next-door neighbor and best friend.", "Happy Days is an American television sitcom that originally aired from 1974 to 1984 on ABC. The show presents an idealized vision of American life in the 1950s and early 1960s America.", "Happy Days is an American television sitcom that originally aired from 1974 to 1984 on ABC. The show presents an idealized vision of life in 1950s and early 1960s America.", "Producer, Norman Lear; director, John Rich. Cast: Carroll O'Connor, Jean Stapleton, Rob Reiner, Sally Struthers. Three episodes from one of the first sit-coms to take on controversial social issues. Judging Books by Covers: Archie ridicules Mike and Gloria's intellectual friend Roger for being gay, but he is straight as an arrow. Archie later discovers that his macho drinking buddy is gay and proud of it. (Also contains two other espisodes: Gloria discovers women's lib, and Gloria poses in the nude.) 1971. ca.75 min. Video/C 6897", "The Addams Family is a sitcom based on the characters in Charles Addams' New Yorker cartoons that aired for two seasons on ABC from 1964 to 1966. It is often compared to its working-class rival, The Munsters, which ran for the same two seasons, and achieved somewhat higher ratings. The show is the first adaptation of the characters to feature \"The Addams Family Theme\".", "The Flintstones (1960-1966) - loosely based upon the live-action sitcom The Honeymooners, also ABC-TV's first series to be televised in color", "Fontaine Fox had placed a newspaper ad for a dark-haired child to play the role of \"Mickey McGuire\" in a series of short films. Lacking the money to have her son's hair dyed, Mrs. Yule took her son to the audition after applying burnt cork to his scalp. Joe got the role and became \"Mickey\" for 78 of the comedies, running from 1927–36, starting with Mickey's Circus, his first starring role, released September 4, 1927. The film was long believed lost, but in 2014 was reported found in the Netherlands. ", "The early Happy Days episodes centered on Richie and teenage friend Warren \"Potsie\" Weber, dealing with typical adolescent woes in 1950s Milwaukee, along with peripherally seen peers such as Ralph Malph, Bag, et al. During the first season, the character Fonzie was becoming a fan favorite , though he was originally intended to be a local high school dropout who was only occasionally seen. The character was given progressively more screen time by the writers, becoming a permanent cast member displayed in the second season opening credits. He quickly became the show's most popular character, and many episodes came to revolve around him. When the ABC management considered changing the name of the show to \"Fonzie's Happy Days\", the cast, including Winkler, protested along with producer/creator Garry Marshall, and the show's title remained unchanged.[citation needed]", "In 1991, she co-starred in her first American network dramatic television series, the short-lived CBS sitcom Princesses. Of eight episodes completed, only five aired. (Princesses co-star, Fran Drescher, later spent some time with Twiggy and her family in England while developing Drescher's hit series The Nanny, even modelling character Maxwell Sheffield on Twiggy's husband Leigh Lawson.) ", "In a famous episode of \"The Brady Bunch\" that aired in 1971, Marcia Brady (Maureen McCormick), the president of Jones' fan club, brags that she can deliver him to her school dance, then almost has to back down on her promise. Jones also appeared on shows including \"Scooby Doo,\" \"Boy Meets World,\" and \"SpongeBob SquarePants.\"", "The Flintstones debuted on  ABC  at 8:30 p.m. EST on September 30, 1960, with its first episode, \"The Swimming Pool\". The first season ran for 28 episodes. The show did so well that ABC renewed it for five more seasons.", "To add new life to the aging sitcom, the writers added new people to the Cunningham's world. A new rebel moved to town, Fonzie's cousin Chachi Arcola. Ted McGinley also joined the cast in 1980 as Roger Phillips, Mrs. Cunningham's nephew and a teacher at Jefferson High. Joanie's friend Jenny Piccolo, who had never been seen onscreen before, became a regular that same year.", "The show attracted many famous celebrities not normally seen in TV acting roles to do cameos, including singers from the 50's - 80's: James Brown, Ted Nugent, Phil Collins, Little Richard and the Fat Boys. Watergate felon G. Gordon Liddy made an impression in the role of sneaky Capt. Real Estate. Other celebs included: Tommy Chong, Lee Iacocca, the President of NBC-TV (as a bartender!), Roberto Duran and Don King.", "Set in the 1950s, this sitcom centered around the Cunningham family and friends, including Fonzie, a loveable greaser renting the apartment over their garage.", "The Phil Silvers Show, a half-hour comedy series, first ran on CBS from September 1955 to September 1959. The show's original title was You'll Never Get Rich, but this name was dropped shortly after its debut. Since its inception the series has also been commonly referred to as \"Sergeant Bilko.\"", "1977 : Glam queen Suzi Quatro makes her first appearance as Leather Tuscadero, the little sister of Fonzie's girlfriend Pinky, on ABC-TV's Happy Days.", "— starring Carroll O’Connor, Jean Stapleton, Sally Struthers, and Rob Reiner — has several firsts. The first series to be videotaped in front of a live studio audience. The first time a toilet is heard being flushed on series television. The first time the words “goddammit” and several derogatory slurs such as “fairy,” “spade,” and “nigger” are used in series television. The first time a gay character is shown on network television.", "After Ron Howard (Richie) left the series, Ted McGinley joined the cast as Roger Phillips, the new physical education teacher at Jefferson High and nephew to Howard and Marion. He took over from the departed Richie Cunningham character, acting as counterpoint to Fonzie. Cathy Silvers also joined the cast as Jenny Piccalo, Joanie's best friend who was previously referenced in various episodes from earlier seasons and remained as a main cast member until the final season. Both actors were originally credited as guest stars but were promoted to the main cast during season ten after several series regulars left the show. The real focus of the series was now on the Joanie and Chachi characters, and often finding ways to incorporate Fonzie into them as a shoulder to cry on, advice-giver, and savior as needed. The Potsie character, who had already been spun off from the devious best friend of Richie to Ralph's best friend and confidante, held little grist for the writers in this new age, and was now most often used as the occasional \"dumb\" foil for punchlines (most often from Mr. C., whom he later worked for at Cunningham Hardware, or Fonzie).", "After Ron Howard (Richie) left the series, Ted McGinley joined the cast as Roger Phillips, the new Physical Education teacher at Jefferson High and nephew to Howard and Marion. He took over from the departed Richie Cunningham character, acting as counterpoint to Fonzie. Also joining the cast was Cathy Silvers as Jenny Piccolo, Joanie's best friend who was previously referenced in various episodes from earlier seasons who remained as a main cast member until the final season. Both actors were originally credited as guest stars but were promoted to the main cast during the 10th season after several series regulars left the show. The real focus of the series was now on the Joanie and Chachi characters, and often finding ways to incorporate Fonzie into them as a shoulder to cry on, advice-giver, and savior as needed. The Potsie character who had already been spun off from the devious best friend of Richie to Ralph's best friend and confidante, held little grist for the writers in this new age, and was now most often used as the occasional \"dumb\" foil for punchlines (most often from Mr. C. or Fonzie).", "* Mickey Abbott (played by Danny Woodburn) ��a little person who took on various acting gigs with Kramer" ]

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[ "* Tom Hanks appeared during the first and second seasons as Elyse's alcoholic younger brother Ned Donelly.", "Bosom Buddies and a guest appearance on a 1982 episode of Happy Days (\"A Case of Revenge,\" in which he played a disgruntled former classmate of Fonzie) prompted director Ron Howard to contact Hanks. Howard was working on the film Splash (1984), a romantic comedy fantasy about a mermaid who falls in love with a human. At first, Howard considered Hanks for the role of the main character's wisecracking brother, a role that eventually went to John Candy. Instead, Hanks landed the lead role in Splash, which went on to become a surprise box office hit, grossing more than US$69 million. He also had a sizable hit with the sex comedy Bachelor Party, also in 1984. In 1983–84, Hanks made three guest appearances on Family Ties as Elyse Keaton's alcoholic brother, Ned Donnelly. ", "The story is a good one. Sherman McCoy (Tom Hanks), a well-born successful Wall Street bond salesman, sneaks off to meet his mistress, Maria Ruskin (Melanie Griffith), when she comes into Kennedy Airport from Italy.", "Tom Hanks as Michael Sullivan, Sr., hitman who works for John Rooney. Hanks was sent a copy of the graphic novel Road to Perdition by Steven Spielberg while he was filming Cast Away (2000). Initially too busy to make sense of the story, he later received David Self's adapted screenplay, to which he became attached. Hanks, a father to four children, described Michael Sullivan's role, \"I just got this guy. If you're a man, and you've got offspring ... emotionally, it's devastating.\"", "For the first time in his career Tom Hanks portrayed a real-life person, the astronaut Jim Lovell, in his next hit \"Apollo 13\" where he reunited with \"Splash\" director Ron Howard. Due to his powerful performance, Tom nabbed an Actor for Outstanding Ensemble Performance and a People's Choice for Favorite Actor in a Dramatic Motion Picture. Also in 1995, Tom provided his voice for the cowboy Woody in the first full-length computer-animated film ever \"Toy Story\". The next year, needing to get away from all the attention he got after the success of his latest movies, Tom Hanks made his directorial debut with \"That Thing You Do!\" (1996), a sixties-era comedy/drama about a band that hits Beatles-like success off of one single. While not a blockbuster, the film demonstrated Tom's flair for eliciting strong performances from a cast of relative unknowns. Two years later, in 1998, Tom went back to one his passions by creating a miniseries for the HBO channel about the history of the U.S. space program, \"From the Earth to the Moon\". In addition to serving as executive producer on the series, Tom directed the first segment, played in the twelveth episode and wrote four subsequent episodes, sharing the 1998 Emmy Award for Outstanding Miniseries with co-producers Ron Howard and Brian Grazer.", "In 1982, he appeared in a first season episode of Family Ties as Jake Keaton, Steven Keaton's father. In 1990, he co-starred in the NBC comedy Grand.", "Alex P. Keaton is a fictional character on the United States television sitcom Family Ties, which aired on NBC for seven seasons, from 1982 to 1989. Family Ties reflected the move in the United States away from the cultural liberalism of the 1960s and 1970s to the conservatism of the 1980s. This was particularly expressed through the relationship between Young Republican Alex (Michael J. Fox) and his hippie parents, Steven and Elyse Keaton. (Michael Gross and Meredith Baxter). President of the United States Ronald Reagan once stated that Family Ties was his favorite television show.[http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/F/htmlF/familyties/familyties.htm The Museum of Broadcast Communications: Family Ties]", "Fox became a household name when he played Alex Keaton, a young entrepreneur and wannabe Republican politician during the Reagan presidency in the NBC sitcom Family Ties, which ran for seven seasons between 1982 and 1989. Originally intended to focus on the hippy parents of Fox and his Conservative siblings, the show moved to focus on his own character due to Fox’s popularity with audiences. It also won him three consecutive Emmy awards in the category of Lead Actor in a Comedy Series. In a twist of fate that mirrors the casting of now Emmy Award-winning actor Bryan Cranston in AMC’s Breaking Bad, Fox got the part of Alex Keaton because Matthew Broderick didn’t take it.", "6.00pm Family Ties THE FUGITIVE: 2 The FBI is hot on the heels of Elyse's (Meredith Baxter Birney) brother Ned (Tom Hanks) for embezzling millions of dollars. With Michael J Fox.", "Tom Hanks is an American actor and producer who has had an extensive career in films, television and on the stage. Hanks made his professional acting debut on the stage playing Grumio, in the Great Lakes Theater production of The Taming of the Shrew (1977). He made his film debut with a minor role in the horror film He Knows You're Alone (1980). In the same year, Hanks appeared in the television series Bosom Buddies. His role in the show led to guest appearances on a variety of long running television shows including Happy Days. Hanks' appearance on the show led film director Ron Howard to cast him in his first leading role in the fantasy romantic comedy Splash (1984). He went on to host Saturday Night Live for the first time in 1985 (a show he has since hosted eight times as of 2014), star in films such as Nothing in Common (1986) and Dragnet (1987) before playing his breakthrough role in the age-changing comedy Big (1988). For his performance in the film, Hanks garnered his first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor. The year after, Hanks starred in the film The 'Burbs (1989). ", "One of the best family sitcoms of our time, Family Ties gave us the Keatons; they were our family. Liberal working parents Steven (Michael Gross) and Elyse (Meredith Baxter) raised their three children—smart and conservative older brother Alex (Michael J. Fox), flighty and fashionable middle child Mallory (Justine Bateman) and sarcastic younger sister Jennifer (Tina Yothers)—with love, compassion and limits. Fox, whose career was launched with the series, made Alex’s Republicanism funny yet not cliched. The series is still remembered for its very special episode, “A my name is Alex,” where Alex struggled to accept the sudden death of his friend. Today family comedies continue to try to capture the magic that was Family Ties.—Amy Amatangelo", "While filming Family Ties, Fox met his wife, Tracy Pollan, who portrayed his girlfriend, Ellen. When Fox left the TV series Spin City, his final episodes made numerous allusions to Family Ties: Michael Gross (who played Alex's father Steven) portrays Mike Flaherty's (Fox's) therapist, and there is a reference to an off-screen character named \"Mallory\". Also, when Flaherty becomes an environmental lobbyist in Washington, D.C., he meets a conservative senator from Ohio named Alex P. Keaton, and in one episode Meredith Baxter played Mike's mother.", "In 1993, he starred opposite Meg Ryan in the Nora Ephron-directed romantic comedy Sleepless in Seattle. Later that year, he played the role of a gay lawyer suffering from AIDS, fighting discrimination in his law firm in the drama Philadelphia. For his performance, Hanks earned his first Academy Award for Best Actor. For his next film, the romantic comedy-drama Forrest Gump (1994), he received a consecutive second Academy Award for Best Actor which made Hanks the first actor since Spencer Tracy in 1938 to achieve this feat. In 1995, he played astronaut Jim Lovell, in Howard-directed historical drama, Apollo 13, and voiced Sheriff Woody in the animated film Toy Story.", "Hanks' work on the big screen has also translated to success on the small screen. Following his critically acclaimed portrayal of astronaut Jim Lovell in Ron Howard's \"Apollo 13,\" Hanks executive produced and hosted the HBO miniseries \"From the Earth to the Moon. \" He also directed one segment, and wrote or co-wrote several others, in addition to appearing in one episode. Hanks' work on the miniseries earned him Emmy, Golden Globe and Producers Guild Awards for Outstanding Miniseries, as well as an Emmy nomination for Best Director.", "He received the role only after Matthew Broderick was unavailable. Family Ties had been sold to the television network using the pitch \"Hip parents, square kids,\" with the parents originally intended to be the main characters. However, the positive reaction to Fox's performance led to his character becoming the focus of the show following the fourth episode. At its peak, the audience for Family Ties drew one-third of America's households every week. Read Less", "During its final two seasons, Family Ties was scheduled on Sunday nights followed by Day by Day, another series from Ubu Productions. Michael Gross and Brian Bonsall brought their respective roles of Steven and Andy Keaton to the Day by Day episode \"Trading Places\", which reveals that Steven went to college with Brian Harper (Doug Sheehan).", "The movie starred Sally Field who played Tom Hanks’s mother, tough she is only 10 years older, Gary Sinise and Robin Wright Penn. With Robert Zemeckis at the helm, Hanks’s dazzling performance won him countless awards, including a National Board of Review Award, a Golden Globe, a Chicago Film Critics Association and an American Comedy for Best Actor.", "Hanks' films have grossed more than $4.3 billion at U.S. and Canadian box offices and more than $8.5 billion worldwide, making him the fourth highest-grossing actor in North America. Hanks has been nominated for numerous awards during his career. He won a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in Philadelphia, as well as a Golden Globe, an Academy Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, and a People's Choice Award for Best Actor for his role in Forrest Gump. In 2004, he received the Stanley Kubrick Britannia Award for Excellence in Film from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA). ", "54. Run, Chevy, Run! What is it with Chevy Chase and Tom Hanks? Chase was offered the title role in 1994’s Oscar winner \"Forrest Gump\" and turned it down, which for the third time paved the way for Tom Hanks to land a male lead, and in this case play one of his best-loved roles.", "Most of us know actor Tom Hanks from his blockbuster movies, ranging from comedies such as Big and Forrest Gump to dramas including The DaVinci Code and Saving Private Ryan. Ironically, it was during the filming of one of his lesser-known films, Volunteers that he started a relationship with co-star Rita Wilson. Their happy marriage began in 1985 and they have two children (Hanks also has two children from a previous marriage).", "Hanks made his debut as a director and screenwriter in the 1996 musical comedy That Thing You Do! Later in the same year, he founded with Gary Goetzman, his own film and television production company called Playtone. In 1998, Hanks executive produced the Emmy Award-winning docudrama miniseries From the Earth to the Moon and starred in Steven Spielberg-directed epic war film, Saving Private Ryan, which earned him his fourth nomination for Best Actor at the Academy Awards. Later that year, he reunited with Meg Ryan in another Ephron directed-romantic comedy, You've Got Mail. He also reprised his role in Toy Story, for its sequel, Toy Story 2. In 2000, Hanks starred in Cast Away, which earned him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama and a fifth nomination for Academy Award for Best Actor. In 2001, he executive produced Emmy Award-winning World War II mini-series Band of Brothers and the romantic comedy, My Big Fat Greek Wedding. The following year at the age of 45, he became the youngest person to receive the lifetime achievement award from the American Film Institute. This was followed in 2004, by BAFTA Los Angeles awarding him the Stanley Kubrick Britannia Award for Excellence in Film.", "An epic American romance covering several decades in the life of the titular character (played by Tom Hanks), who despite his naivete manages to be present for, and occasionally influence, some of the country's defining moments in the latter half of the 20th century. In 2011 the Library of Congress selected the movie for preservation in the National Film Registry, describing it as \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.\" Most quoted line: \"My mama always said, 'Life is like a box of chocolates. You never know what you're gonna get.'\"", "After her sister (Diane Keaton) is diagnosed with leukemia, Lee (Streep) returns to their childhood home, and brings her two sons — Hank (Leonardo DiCaprio) and Charlie (Hal Scardino) — in hopes of squashing a 20-year feud.", "He won three Emmy Awards and a Golden Globe Award for his role from Family Ties from 1982 to 1989.", "Hanks and Darabont met at an Academy Award luncheon in 1994. Stephen King stated he envisioned Hanks in the role and was happy when Darabont mentioned his name.", "Born to Amos Mefford Hanks, a chef, and his wife Janet Marylyn Frager, a hospital worker, his parents divorced in 1960.", "Based on his life and families of friends he knew with similar backgrounds, Goldberg created Family Ties in the early 1980s and pitched it to CBS, which turned him down. He then brought it to innovative NBC entertainment chief Brandon Tartikoff, who \"nurtured it and really made it happen,\" the writer once recalled.", "Hanks and Michael Clark Duncan in \"The Green Mile,\" based on the Stephen King serialized novel. Hanks' performance in it generated a great deal of Oscar buzz in 2000.", "A final-season Brady Bunch episode, \"Kelly's Kids\", was intended as a pilot for a prospective spinoff series of the same name. Ken Berry starred as Ken Kelly, a friend and neighbor of the Bradys', who with his wife Kathy (Brooke Bundy) adopted three orphaned boys of different racial backgrounds. One of the adopted sons was played by Todd Lookinland, the younger brother of Mike Lookinland. While Kelly's Kids was not subsequently picked up as a full series, producer Sherwood Schwartz would rework the basic premise for the short-lived 1980s sitcom Together We Stand starring Elliott Gould and Dee Wallace. ", "With Nothing in Common (1986) – a story of a young man alienated from his father (played by Jackie Gleason) – Hanks began to extend himself from comedic roles to dramatic roles. In an interview with Rolling Stone magazine Hanks commented on his experience: \"It changed my desires about working in movies. Part of it was the nature of the material, what we were trying to say. But besides that, it focused on people's relationships. The story was about a guy and his father, unlike, say, The Money Pit, where the story is really about a guy and his house.\" ", "All the while, Tom Hanks established himself as one of the finest and most respected actors of his generation as well as \"the nicest guy in show business\" and \"the most trusted celebrity\".", "Steven Speilberg presented Hanks with the 30th AFI Life Achievement Award in 2002. Spielberg directed several of the actor's films, including \"Forrest Gump\" and \"Saving Private Ryan.\" Hanks was the youngest actor ever to recieve the lifetime honors." ]

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[ "Before it was made famous by Pigmeat of Rowan and Martin's Laugh In fame, who first said, \"Here comes the judge\"?", "Here Come the Judge is the catchphrase, the sketch and the song that Pigmeat Markham is remembered for. Although not everyone realizes its origin, most everyone has heard someone utter it at some point. It was Sammy Davis Jr. who was responsible for reviving it and giving Pigmeat his final and largest injection of fame. \"March 25, 1968,\" explained Markham. \"That was the night Sammy Davis Jr. did a guest shot on Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In.\" The moment would bring Pigmeat full circle. He thought it appropriate that Davis would be the one to rescue his act from the doldrums. As he explained, \"Sammy ... I carried him around in my arms backstage when he was only two months old and his Mommy was out there dancing as a chorus girl.\"", "Markham’s national fame took hold after Sammy Davis Jr. popularized the old “Here Come De Judge” catch-phrase on “Rowan and Martin’s Laugh-In.” Davis brought Pigmeat to Vegas with him for a $5,000 a week taste of big-time success. A novelty tune version of “Here Come De Judge” became a Top Ten hit for Shorty Long and was then covered by Pigmeat for a Top Twenty success. He went on to issue more albums that revelled in the funky black dialect though now there were more and more people in the audience feeling some embarrassment about his brand of broad ethnic comedy.", "\"Here come da' judge!\" (reprising a bit first made famous by comedian Pigmeat Markham and continued by frequent guest star Sammy Davis, Jr.)", "Whoever thought that a phrase uttered by a Negro comic in 1927 would suddenly echo across the nation as a verbal rage more than 40 years later? Certainly Pigmeat Markham never though it would. Markham, 65, has been using \"here come the judge\" as a catch phrase for one of his comedy skits for all these years without the nation's clamor that suddenly erupted last winter.", "“Here come de judge!” (reprising comedian Pigmeat Markham and further popularized by guest stars Flip Wilson and especially Sammy Davis Jr. ). Pontiac used the phrase for a high-performance version of its GTO muscle car, calling it “ The Judge .”", "\"That kind of started it,\" said Markham. \"Sammy heard other people pick it up a bit, so when he went on the Rowan and Martin Laugh-In, he used it again. It sure took off this time.\" Now, Pigmeat (his real first name is Dewey) Markham hasn't exactly been destitute all these years. He's always made a good buck through the years, upaward of $50,000 a year. But when \"Here come da judge\" suddenly became a national byword, his career zoomed.", "            1968- “Sock it to Me” - Rowan and Martin’s Laugh-In made its debut. This unique and now classic TV comedy-variety show with short sketches and one-liners was an instant smash that ran for five years on NBC. Comedian’s Dan Rowan (the straight man) and Dick Martin hosted the show that features guests ranging from Richard Nixon to Sammy Davis Jr. and Tiny Tim.  Among the “regulars” who appeared during the show’s  five year run were: Gary Owens , Ruth Buzzi , Judy Carne , Eileen Brennan , Flip Wilson , Goldie Hawn , Arte Johnson , Henry Gibson , Alan Sues , Jo Anne Worley ,  Lily Tomlin , and Richard Dawson ,", "The judge from the show's original twelve years was Joseph Wapner . Rusty Burrell was his bailiff , [6] Jack Harrell was the announcer, and Doug Llewelyn was the host and court reporter, who would announce the matter of the dispute at the beginning of each \"trial\". He would also interview the plaintiff and the defendant after the court ruling, to gauge their responses to the verdict. Llewelyn would often end each episode with a jaunty \"Don't take the law into your own hands: you take 'em to court.\" which became something of a 1980s catch phrase . If a case ended with a verdict for the defendant, however, Llewelyn would end the episode by saying, \"If someone files a lawsuit against you and you're convinced you've done nothing wrong, don't be intimidated. The best policy is to go to court and stand up for your rights.\"", "The judge from the show's original twelve years (including the 1980 pilot), was Joseph Wapner. Rusty Burrell was his bailiff, Jack Harrell was the announcer, and Doug Llewelyn was the host and court reporter, who would announce the matter of the dispute at the beginning of each trial. He would also interview the plaintiff and the defendant after the court ruling, to gauge their responses to the verdict. Llewelyn would often end each episode with a jaunty \"If you have a problem, try to resolve it yourself. But if you find yourselves at loggerheads, don't take the law into your own hands: you take 'em to court\", which became something of a 1980s catchphrase. If a case ended with a verdict for the defendant, however, Llewelyn would instead end the episode by saying, \"If someone files a lawsuit against you and yet you're convinced you've done nothing wrong, don't be intimidated. Just be sure to stand up for your rights: go to court\".", "Caine is regarded as a British cultural icon, with Mairi Mackay of CNN stating: \"Michael Caine has been personifying British cool since the swinging sixties. He has brought some of British cinema's most iconic characters to life and introduced his very own laid-back cockney gangster into pop culture. He doggedly retained a regional accent at a time when the plummy tones of Received Pronunciation were considered obligatory. It is a sweet irony that his accent has become his calling card.\" With his distinctive voice and manner of speaking, Caine is a popular subject for impersonators and mimics. Most Caine impressions include the catchphrase \"Not a lot of people know that.\" The catchphrase emanates from Caine's habit of informing people of obscure \"interesting facts\" that he has collected. Referring to Caine as having the \"biggest mind of useless information\", Peter Sellers initiated the catchphrase when he appeared on BBC1's Parkinson show on 28 October 1972 and said:", "* A BBC continuity announcer in a dinner jacket (Cleese), seated at a desk, often in highly incongruous locations, such as a forest or a beach. His line, \"And now for something completely different,\" was used variously as a lead-in to the opening titles and a simple way to link sketches. Though Cleese is best known for it, Idle first introduced the phrase in Episode 2, where he introduced a man with three buttocks. It eventually became the show’s catch phrase and served as the title for the troupe’s first movie. In Series 3 the line was shortened to simply: \"And now...\" and was often combined with the \"It's\" man in introducing the episodes.", "David Edward Williams (born 20 August 1971), known as David Walliams, is an English comedian, actor, author, presenter, television presenter and activist, known for his partnership with Matt Lucas on the BBC One sketch shows Little Britain, Rock Profile and Come Fly with Me. <br /><br />Since 2012 Walliams has been a judge on the ITV talent show Britain's Got Talent. He wrote and starred in two series of the BBC One sitcom Big School, playing the role of chemistry teacher Keith Church. Read Less", "James Hugh Calum Laurie, OBE (; born 11 June 1959), is an English actor, writer, director, musician, singer, comedian, and author. He first became known as one-half of the Fry and Laurie double act with his friend and comedy partner Stephen Fry, whom he joined in the cast of A Bit of Fry & Laurie, Blackadder, and Jeeves and Wooster in the 1980s and 1990s.", "The inspiration for this line is part of the refrain of a song, “We are a happy family, we are, we are, we are”, which was written by Frederick Bowyer and Gilbert Harrow, and popularized by music-hall comedian Arthur Roberts in the early 1880s. Wodehouse used this refrain in his Daily Chronicle poem “A Sound Cure” and in Chapter V of the 1906–09 versions of Love Among the Chickens ; and parodied it in “The Phalanx” , which appeared in The Books of To-day in January 1906.", "In the 1970s, his TV appearances led to the release of comedy albums that went platinum. The track \"Excuse Me\" on his first album, Let's Get Small, helped establish a national catch phrase. His next album, A Wild and Crazy Guy (1978), was an even bigger success, reaching the No. 2 spot on the U.S. sales chart, selling over a million copies. \"Just a wild and crazy guy\" became another of Martin's known catch phrases. The album featured a character based on a series of Saturday Night Live sketches where Martin and Dan Aykroyd played the Festrunk Brothers; Georgi and Yortuk (respectively) were bumbling Czechoslovak would-be playboys. The album ends with the song \"King Tut\", sung and written by Martin and backed by the \"Toot Uncommons\", members of the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. It was later released as a single, reaching No. 17 on the U.S. charts in 1978 and selling over a million copies. The song came out during the King Tut craze that accompanied the popular traveling exhibit of the Egyptian king's tomb artifacts. Both albums won Grammys for Best Comedy Recording in 1977 and 1978, respectively. Martin performed \"King Tut\" on the April 22, 1978 edition of SNL.", "Wily fox Basil Brush has been a mainstay on British telly for over 50 years, having made his debut in 1962. Voiced and performed by Ivan Owen until his death in October 2000, Basil – famous for his catchphrase “Ha Ha Ha! Boom! Boom!” – first appeared on television in 1962, in a series called The Three Scampis before getting his own BBC television series, The Basil Brush Show, which ran for 12 years from 1968 until 1980.", "More often the celebrities were on the other side of the microphone. In the tenth show of the third series, which featured broadcaster Richard Dimbleby in ‘Up Your Alley’ (a parody of his show, Down Your Way), there was a guest appearance by American tough guy Alan Ladd. He was given lines riddled with all the favourite Much-Binding catchphrases. At rehearsals he started to paraphrase these into something more natural to his delivery style, and was most surprised when Leslie Bridgmont insisted he mustn’t change a word!", "Classic sketches from such shows often revolved around the guest stars. One example is the 1971 appearance of André Previn , who was introduced onstage by Ernie as Andrew Preview. Previn's schedule was extremely tight, and Morecambe and Wise were worried that he had very little time to rehearse, but the final result was described by their biographer as \"probably their finest moment\". [16]", "Bushy-browed, New Zealand-born actor and writer Jonathan Hardy became most familiar to television audiences as the commanding voice of the Jim Henson Creature Shop muppet, Dominar Rygel XVI, the pint-sized , egocentric ruler-in-exile of a galactic empire, in TV's cult series Farscape . His distinctive diction proved ideally suited to lending both humour and personality to the cantankerous, idiosyncratic 26-inch Hynerian.", "But his best-known legacy, The Two Ronnies, was the result of an accident. After a technical hitch at the Bafta awards in 1971, he and Barker stepped up and kept the audience entertained with eight minutes of unscripted jokes. So impressed were the watching Bill Cotton and Paul Fox , head of light entertainment and controller of BBC1 respectively, that they immediately offered the pair their own show.", "Which of the following were regulars on Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In? (Select all that apply, if any.)", "Despite this, or because of it, Partridge gained national recognition overnight in 1967 when he appeared on the Eamonn Andrews show on ITV and was quickly signed to a recording contract with EMI. His first record was his own composition, Rosie, and its rough-hewn, singalong quality made it an instant hit, taking it to No 4 in early 1968.", "Similar to \"The Singer and the Song\", except that one member of the team sings the song \"straight\", and the other responds to each line. Examples include \"Underneath the Arches\", sung by Flannagan and Alan Whicker (in which Willie Rushton as Whicker is unable to comprehend the existence of a poor person) and \"Puff the Magic Dragon\" by Peter, Paul and Mary Whitehouse (in which Sandi Toksvig as Whitehouse found double entendres in every line). One notable round had Tim singing \"Won't You Come Home Bill Bailey\", with Bill Bailey responding as \"himself\".", "When Michael Palin and John Cleese made surprise appearances on the season 22 episode of Saturday Night Live (hosted by Kevin Spacey with musical guest Beck ), they recreated the Parrot Sketch.", "Sketches include \"\"Bush-Whacked,\"\" \"\"The NFL Today,\"\" \"\"Handi-Off,\"\" \"\"Democratic Debate '88,\"\" \"\"Helen and Cheri,\"\" \"\"TV Actress,\"\" \"\"Master Thespian,\"\" and \"\"The Garden\"\" (film). Robbie Robertson performed \"\"Testimony\"\" and \"\"Somewhere Down the Crazy River.\"\"", "The Law Game began, presented by Shaw Taylor. First panel was Diana Dors, Pete Murray and Leslie Randall", "* In the 1936 Merrie Melodies cartoon I Love to Singa, during the amateur hour segment, the country bumpkin bird (voiced by Joe Dougherty, who was the original voice of Porky Pig) stuttered through the first and almost all of the second verse of Simple Simon before rejecting himself.", "The first episode of Song Hunter - featuring Alan Lomax and presented by David Attenborough - broadcast.", "Mumfie's Quest had the Villain Song \"I Must Have My Night\" and \"Pigs Can Fly\". The latter sdid show up in the Christmas Special with different lyrics.", "In 1988, Cook appeared as a contestant on the improvisation comedy show Whose Line Is It Anyway? Cook was declared the winner, his prize being to read the credits in the style of a New York cab driver – a character he had portrayed in Peter Cook & Co.", "The versatile comedian also hosted the BBC1 game show Small Talk for two years from 1994 to 96. He recently appeared on the BBC Radio 4 show When the Dog Dies, which saw him reunited with the writers of Sorry!" ]

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[ "Mr. T (born Lawrence Tureaud; May 21, 1952) is an American actor and retired professional wrestler known for his roles as B. A. Baracus in the 1980s television series The A-Team and as boxer Clubber Lang in the 1982 film Rocky III. Mr. T is known for his trademark African Mandinka warrior hairstyle, his gold jewelry, and his tough-guy image. In 2006 he starred in the reality show I Pity the Fool, shown on TV Land, the title of which comes from the catchphrase of his Lang character.", "Mr. T (born Laurence Tureaud, May 21, 1952) is an actor mostly known for his roles in the 1980s television series The A-Team and as boxer Clubber Lang in the 1982 film Rocky III.", "Mr. T (born Laurence Tureaud on ) is an American actor known for his roles as B. A. Baracus in the 1980s television series The A-Team , as boxer Clubber Lang in the 1982 film Rocky III , and for his appearances as a professional wrestler. Mr. T is also well-known for his distinctive mohawk hairstyle , for wearing large amounts of gold jewelry, and for his tough guy image. He starred in the reality show I Pity the Fool , shown on TV Land , the title of which comes from his A-Team catchphrase .", "Prolific career: Besides his role on The A-Team, Mr. T starred in films like DC Cab and most notably as the villain Clubber Lang opposite Sylvester Stallone in the 1983 film Rocky III", "James \"Clubber\" Lang is a fictional character created by Sylvester Stallone for the film Rocky III, which was released in 1982. Lang serves as the primary antagonist of the film and was portrayed by Mr. T. ", "In 1980, Mr. T was spotted by future Rocky III castmate Sylvester Stallone while taking part in NBC's \"America's Toughest Bouncer\" competition, a segment of NBC's Games People Play. [14] Although his role in Rocky III was originally intended as just a few lines, Mr. T was eventually cast as Clubber Lang, the primary antagonist. His catchphrase \"I pity the fool!\" comes from the film; when asked if he hates Rocky, Lang replies, \"No, I don't hate Balboa, but I pity the fool.\" Subsequently, after losing out on the role of the title character's mentor in The Beastmaster, Mr. T appeared in another boxing film, Penitentiary 2, and on an episode of the Canadian sketch comedy series Bizarre, where he fights and eats Super Dave Osborne, before accepting a television series role on The A-Team", "The story opens with \" Eye of the Tiger \" during the climax of Rocky's rematch against Clubber Lang , where Rocky defeated Lang with a KO in the third round to regain his title. The picture then fades and we see Apollo Creed presenting his favor to Rocky shortly after the Lang fight for helping him train . Meanwhile, Ivan Drago ( Dolph Lundgren ), a highly intimidating 6 feet 5, 260 pound Soviet boxer, arrives in America with his wife Ludmilla ( Brigitte Nielsen ), an Olympic gold medal swimmer, his manager, Nicolai Koloff ( Michael Pataki ), and a team of trainers headed by grizzled Russian coach Igor Rimsky ( George Rogan ), and the Cuban Manuel Vega ( James \"Cannonball\" Green ) to challenge the best American fighters. His manager takes great pride in showing off the hi-tech equipment which aids in improving Drago's performance. As a demonstration, Drago throws punches at a machine that measures the hit's strength, exceeding 1800 psi per punch.", "James \"Clubber\" Lang is a heavyweight boxer from Chicago, and acts as the main antagonist in Rocky III . He was a boxer that was previously undefeated and became the world's top contender to Balboa. He challenged Rocky Balboa to a boxing match and knocked out Rocky in the second round. However, during the rematch between the two at Madison Square Garden, Rocky defeated Lang via knockout, stripping Lang of the title, and handing Lang his first loss. Lang is not featured in any other Rocky films. He is portrayed by Mr. T, who never again played the role of an antagonist in his career.", "In his first starring role, in 1982, Mr. T plays Rocky Balboa’s competitor Clubber Lang in the Sylvester Stallone written and directed Rocky III. During a part in the movie when Lang’s being interviewed about his upcoming boxing match, he’s asked if he hates Rocky: “No, I don’t hate Balboa, but I pity the fool. And I would destroy any man who tries to take what I got.” His prediction for the fight? “Pain!” Unfortunately, Rocky beats the crap out of Lang, so who’s the fool now? Nevertheless, the catchphrase stuck and launched more than 30 years of double entendres and jokes, including Mr. T starring in a reality show called I Pity the Fool , where he was a motivational speaker.", "* Sylvester Stallone as Rocky Balboa, \"The Italian Stallion\": Heavyweight Champion of the World, who continues to defend his title against other fighters. When Lang challenges Rocky and wins, after the surprising death of Mickey, the public cries for a rematch. As Rocky is reluctant, former rival Apollo Creed befriends and trains The Italian Stallion in his preparation to take on Clubber Lang.", "Rocky III (1982) was an obvious follow up, using the tried and true plot of a successful champ losing perspective and losing his title to a hungrier up-and-comer (as Apollo had in the first). Only here, the challenger is the viscious Clubber Lang (Mr. T), who knocks Rocky out moments before Mickey dies from a heart attack. Enter the most unlikely of friends, Apollo, who offers to train Rocky for a rematch with Clubber. He lends him his trusty American flag boxing trunks and helps him develop the “Eye of the Tiger,” a fancy term for killer instinct, setting up the song of the same name and lifting Rocky III to huge success. The third installment wound up grossing more than the original at $124.1 million. Today it carries mediocre ratings of 6.1 on IMDB and 65% on rottentomatoes, but is a favorite of many Rocky diehards.", "In the third film Rocky was trounced by Mr T's Clubber Lang, a heavy handed brawler like the George Foreman of the 1970s and looked to his old adversary Apollo Creed to teach him a more light footed style.", "The infamous Rocky opponent (James \"Clubber\" Lang in Rocky III) turned TV tough guy character could turn his AMC truck into tank in a matter of minutes between commercial breaks—but when it came to flying he turned into jello within seconds.", "Mr. T had become a household name in Rocky III but it was The A-Team that cemented his persona with his trademark \"Shut up, fool!\" and general attitude with a heart of gold. Bosco Arnold Baracus was always feuding with the team's pilot, Hector M. Murdoch, committed to a VA psycho ward due to insanity concocted in the Vietnam war - insanity that is just a ruse for Murdoch to better help the team.", "Clubber Lang, the hard-hitting brawler, has a character which is much like his boxing style: direct, aggressive and brutal. His fighting style and record show a similarity to a young George Foreman and perhaps Mike Tyson (although it would be a few years after the film's debut that Tyson would become a renowned boxer). His quest for respect from pro boxing and the media is similar to Larry Holmes. Also, he is mentioned by a reporter that he is a southpaw like Rocky [1] . However, there is a weakness in this fighting style, as Lang relied entirely on knockout punches, and never made serious effort to study combos or technique. This allows him to fatigue severely if he doesn't make quick work of his opponents, which Balboa exploited in their rematch, knocking out Lang fairly early, in just the third round.", "Carl Weathers as Apollo Creed, Rocky's opponent and the heavyweight champion (the character was influenced by the outspoken boxing great Muhammad Ali)[2]", "Rocky IV is a 1985 American film written by, directed by, and starring Sylvester Stallone, Dolph Lundgren, Burt Young, Talia Shire, Carl Weathers, Tony Burton, Brigitte Nielsen, and Michael Pataki. It is the fourth and most financially successful entry in the Rocky franchise.[2]", "In addition to the main cast several others had cameo appearances. Bill Baldwin and Stu Nahan returned as the fight commentators for the two Rocky-Lang fights. Veteran ring announcer Jimmy Lennon was the ring announcer for the first Lang fight, while boxing judge Marty Denkin was the referee. Lou Filippo returned for his third appearance as a referee during the second Lang fight. Dennis James and Jim Healy appeared as the commentators for the Rocky-Thunderlips match, while LeRoy Neiman was the guest ring announcer. Jim Hill was a TV announcer.", "Lang is a professional boxer fighting out of Chicago, Illinois and a one-time world heavyweight champion, having taken the title from Rocky Balboa only to lose it back to Balboa in his next fight. The character is very loosely based on a combination of Sonny Liston, Larry Holmes and George Foreman. ", "In the third film after Rocky loses to Clubber Lang and Mickie dies, Apollo trains Rocky for the rematch with Lang, beginning what fans have called \"an epic bromance\" with Rocky that lasts through the end of the third film and into the fourth, until Drago kills Apollo in an exhibition bout.", "Always Someone Better : Clubber Lang in Rocky III, who is stronger and a lot meaner than Rocky.", "A film with lots of Cold War rhetoric, Rocky trains in Siberia (under the guidance of Creed's former manager (Tony Burton)) and boxes the seemingly-unbeatable Soviet Ivan Drago (Dolph Lundgren) - a hulking blonde fighter with his spokesman/wife Ludmilla (Brigitte Nielsen), to avenge the death of Apollo Creed (Carl Weathers) who was killed during an earlier 'exhibition match' in the ring with Drago.", "In 1985, Ivan Drago (Dolph Lundgren), an immensely muscular 6-foot 5, 261-pound Soviet boxer, arrives in the United States with his wife Ludmilla (Brigitte Nielsen), and a team of trainers from the USSR and Cuba. His manager, Nicolai Koloff (Michael Pataki), takes every opportunity to promote Drago's athleticism as a hallmark of Soviet superiority. Motivated by patriotism and an innate desire to prove himself, Apollo Creed (Carl Weathers) challenges Drago to an exhibition bout. Rocky (Sylvester Stallone) has reservations, but agrees to train Apollo.", "In 1976, he appeared as a loan shark in an episode of the crime-drama Starsky and Hutch while also landing the role alongside Sylvester Stallone in Rocky as Apollo Creed, a role he reprised in the next three Rocky films in 1979, 1982, and 1985. For the penultimate film in the Rocky series, Rocky Balboa (2006), Stallone asked Weathers, Mr. T, and Dolph Lundgren for permission to use footage from their appearances in the earlier Rocky movies. Mr. T and Lundgren agreed, but Weathers wanted an actual part in the movie, even though his character had died in Rocky IV. Stallone refused, and Weathers decided not to allow Stallone to use his image for flashbacks from the previous Rocky movies. They instead used footage of a fighter who looks similar to Weathers. ", "This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (August 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) This article describes a work or element of fiction in a primarily in-universe style. Please help rewrite it to explain the fiction more clearly and provide non-fictional perspective. (August 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Apollo Creed Rocky character Carl Weathers as Apollo Creed First appearance Rocky Last appearance Rocky IV Portrayed by Carl Weathers Information Nickname(s) The Dancing Destroyer", "Both fighters go in different directions in regards to their training for the fight. Lang works out alone in a spartan setting with very little equipment. Rocky, on the other hand, rents out a hotel ballroom and opens his training camp to the public with dozens of distractions that frustrate Mickey and fears will result in disaster in the fight. Ironically, Rocky underestimating Lang in this fashion mirrors the same mistake Apollo Creed made by underestimating Rocky in the first movie.", "In 1995, the year of his world championship, he released a cover version of \"Eye of the Tiger\", the theme song of the movie Rocky III. … Read More", "A version of this article appears in print on September 3, 2013, on Page A23 of the New York edition with the headline: Tommy Morrison, 44, Boxer And Co-Star in ‘Rocky V’. Order Reprints | Today's Paper | Subscribe", "Tommy Morrison, Boxer and Co-Star in ‘Rocky V,’ Dies at 44 - The New York Times", "Stallone worked Her Airheaded Way into \"Rocky IV,\" playing the leg, er, love, er, flack interest of Russian Drago (Dolph \"I Come In Peace\" Lundgren). Drago was so profoundly soulless he didn't tap his foot, do The Madsen, or laugh out loud when Apollo Creed (Carl Weathers) came out in his Uncle Sam striped gear and top hat, dancing with James Brown, as he sang \"Living in America.\"", "In 1985, Apollo Creed comes out of retirement and agrees to fight Soviet World Amateur Champion and Olympic Gold Medalist-turned-professional fighter Ivan Drago (Dolph Lundgren) in Las Vegas with Rocky Balboa and Tony \"Duke\" Evers in his corner. Creed, past his prime but in the best shape of his retirement, again not taking his opponent seriously, was brutally beaten by massive Drago in the first round but begged Rocky not to stop the fight. In the second round, Creed continued to be beaten by Drago, falling limp in the ring and succumbing to his injuries. Feeling responsible for Apollo's death, Balboa sets up a match with Drago, which was held on Christmas Day in Moscow. Rocky had to surrender his World Heavyweight Championship title to accept this bout. With Evers assuming the role as his new trainer, Balboa trained hard using old-school methods within the mountainous terrain of Krasnoyarsk, Siberia, while Drago was shown being trained with state-of-the-art equipment and steroid enhancement.", "In 1985, Apollo Creed came out of retirement and agreed to fight a Soviet World Amateur Champion and Olympic Gold Medalist-turned-professional fighter Ivan Drago in Las Vegas with Rocky Balboa and Tony \"Duke\" Evers in his corner. Creed, past his prime and again not taking his opponent seriously, was brutally beaten by massive Drago in the first round but begged Rocky not to stop the fight. In the second round, Creed continued to be beaten by Drago, falling limp in the ring and dying from the injuries. Feeling responsible for not stopping the fight, Balboa set up a match with Drago, which was held on Christmas Day in Moscow. Rocky had to surrender his World Heavyweight Championship crown to accept the bout. With Evers assuming the role as his new trainer, Balboa trained hard using all-natural methods within the mountainous terrain of Krasnoyarsk Siberia, while Drago was shown being trained with state-of-the-art equipment and steroid enhancement." ]

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[ "Peter Falk wins his first Emmy for lead actor in a drama series for his work in “Columbo.” He would win again in 1976 and 1990. Johnny Carson reprises his role as host for the 24th Primetime Emmys.", "With his fourth Emmy Award victory for his performance on Breaking Bad (2008), he tied the record of Dennis Franz ( NYPD Blue (1993)) for the most wins in the category \"Outstanding Actor in a Drama Series\". Peter Falk also won four Emmys for his lead performances as Columbo (1971), three of them as \"Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series\" (in 1972 know as \"Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Dramatic Series\") and one as \"Best Lead Actor in a Limited Series\".", "Peter Michael Falk - (September 16, 1927 - June 23, 2011) was a retired American actor, best known for his role as Lieutenant Columbo in the television series Columbo. He appeared in numerous films and television guest roles, and has been nominated for an Academy Award twice (for 1960's Murder, Inc. and 1961's Pocketful of Miracles), and won the Emmy Award on five occasions (four for Columbo) and the Golden Globe award once. Peter Falk starred on TV as Lieutenant Columbo, the shabby detective whose apparent absentmindedness hid a razor-sharp brain. It is said Falk no longer remembered his role in Columbo, for which he won four Emmys, due to advanced Alzheimer's disease (Dementia) that has left him unable to care for himself. At a two day conservatorship trial in Los Angeles in June 2009, one of Falk's personal physicians, Dr. Stephen Read, reported Falk rapidly slipped into dementia after a series of dental operations in 2007.", "Columbo star Peter Falk , who won four Emmys for playing the absent-minded detective, has died. He was 83.", "      The Emmy Awards are presented in Los Angeles; winners include the television shows Arrested Development and The Sopranos, the miniseries Angels in America, and the actors Kelsey Grammer, James Spader, Sarah Jessica Parker, Allison Janney, David Hyde Pierce, Michael Imperioli, Cynthia Nixon, and Drea de Matteo.", "Married... with Children or Married with Children is an American sitcom about a dysfunctional family living in Chicago that aired for 11 seasons. The show, notable for being the first prime time television series to air on Fox , debuted on April 5, 1987, and aired its final first-run broadcast on June 9, 1997. The series was created by Michael G. Moye and Ron Leavitt . The show was known for handling non-standard topics for the time period, which garnered the then-fledgling Fox network a standing among the Big Three television networks ( ABC , CBS and NBC ). The series' 11-season, 262-episode run makes it the longest-lasting live-action sitcom on the Fox network. The show's famous leitmotif is \" Love and Marriage \" by Frank Sinatra from the 1955 television production Our Town .", "Christopher David \"Chris\" Noth ( ; born November 13, 1954) is an American actor. He is known for his television roles as Detective Mike Logan on Law & Order (1990–95), Mr. Big on Sex and the City (1998–2004), and Peter Florrick on The Good Wife (2009–16). He reprised his role of Mike Logan on Law & Order: Criminal Intent (2005–08) , and reprised his role of Mr. Big in the films, Sex and the City (2008) and Sex and the City 2 (2010). He has twice been nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor on Television. ", "The Broadway musical \"Peter Pan\" was broadcast live on NBC on March 7th of 1955. The occasion marked the first time a stage musical was performed on television in almost the exact same way it was performed on stage. The live performance featured most of the original Broadway cast, including Peter Pan portrayer Mary Martin, and it aired only a few days after the show's run on Broadway ended. It was shown as a part of a show called \"Producer's Showcase\" and drew in 65 million viewers, the largest single episode television audience in history at that time. Actress Mary Martin also won an Emmy for her performance in the live television production of Peter Pan.", "Baby boom-friendly series “The Wonder Years” and “thirtysomething” take top honors in the first year that cable reaches enough homes to qualify for an Emmy — only HBO’s “Jackie Mason on Broadway” wins. A lead actress victory for Beatrice Arthur clinches the award for all four actresses on “The Golden Girls.” William Hanna and Joseph Barbera win the Governors Award for career contributions including “Yogi Bear,” “The Smurfs,” “The Jetsons” and “The Flintstones.”", "At the 55th Primetime Emmy Awards, the fourth season was honored with numerous awards in competitive categories. James Gandolfini and Edie Falco won Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series and Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series for their submitted episode, \"Whitecaps\". Joe Pantoliano won for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series, beating out co-star Michael Imperioli.[4] Mitchell Burgess, David Chase, and Robin Green won for Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series for \"Whitecaps\", while director John Patterson was nominated for Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series for \"Whitecaps\".[5] This season was also nominated for Outstanding Drama Series, but lost to The West Wing.[4] The episodes \"Whoever Did This\" and \"Eloise\" were both nominated for writing, while \"Whoever Did This\" was also nominated for directing.", "Grammer is the first actor in television history to receive multiple Emmy nominations for performing the same role on three series. He received two nominations for his original portrayal of Dr. Frasier Crane on Cheers (1982), another for his guest appearance in that role on Wings (1990), and nine nominations (earning four awards) as Outstanding Actor for his work on Frasier (1993). Over the years, Dr. Frasier Crane has become one of television's most endearing and enduring characters. In addition to his Emmy Awards, Grammer has won two Golden Globe Awards, two American Comedy Awards and a People's Choice Award for his portrait. Grammer's distinctive voice has been heard in several hit animated features, including the voice of Stinky Pete in Disney's hit Toy Story 2 (1999) and a role in Anastasia (1997). On television, he has also been seen in several mini-series and movies. In 1996, he hosted an hour-long salute to Jack Benny for which he served as executive producer. He also starred in HBO's award-winning comedy The Pentagon Wars (1998).", "Kelsey Grammer (1945– ) is one of the most popular television stars in the United States. Grammer, born in the Virgin Islands, made his television breakthrough as Dr. Frasier Crane on the hit show Cheers. Grammer received an Emmy Award nomination for his work on Cheers, and when the show ended its successful run in 1993, Grammer and NBC collaborated on the show Frasier. The show was a continuation of Grammer's Cheers character and won him several Emmy Awards.", "The show won numerous awards, including 15 Emmy Awards. It won the Emmy for Outstanding Drama Series in 1987, 1989, 1990 and 1991. It was also nominated for the award in 1988 and 1992. Some of the actors, such as Larry Drake and Jimmy Smits, also received Emmys for their performances. The series shares the Emmy Award record for most acting nominations by regular cast members (excluding the guest performer category) for a single series in one year with Hill Street Blues and The West Wing.", "The show won three Emmy Awards : for Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Program in 1989 and 1990, for Outstanding Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program in 1990. Also in 1989, choreographer Paula Abdul won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Choreography for her work. [1] Abdul was noted for putting Ullman through strenuous choreographed routines. Ullman had been a trained dancer.", "Adapted from Robert Altman’s 1970 film MASH, the long-running TV series was a slightly softened version of the black comedy about doctors in the Korean War (an obvious allegory for the then-current war in Vietnam). Alan Alda’s Hawkeye Pierce acted as the show’s anchor, using humor to deflect the tragedy around him. The series finale was the most-watched program in American history until the 2010 Super Bowl.", "The January 22 �All Night� show, with host Elliott Gould and musical guest Anne Murray (from the 1975-76 season), won the Emmy for Outstanding Comedy/Variety or Music series. The January 29 show features Candice Bergen/Frank Zappa, from the 1976-77 season. The February 5 show features Steve Martin/Blues Brothers from the 1977-78 season, and February 12 features Richard Benjamin/Rickie Lee Jones from 1978-79 season. All were nominated for Outstanding Comedy-Variety or Music series. The episode on February 19 with host Teri Garr and music from The B-52�s (from 1979-80) was nominated for Outstanding Writing for a Comedy-Variety or Music series.", "On December 14, 2006, Michael C. Hall was nominated for a Golden Globe Award in the category Best Actor in a Television Drama Series for playing Dexter. He was also renominated and won the Golden Globe Award for his role as Dexter at the 2010 ceremony. The show was nominated for an Emmy for Outstanding Drama Series for its second season (Showtime's first ever drama to be nominated for the award), and its star for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series. It won neither, losing to Mad Men and to Breaking Bad actor Bryan Cranston. In 2008, it won a Scream Award For Best TV Show. In 2010, Hall won a Golden Globe for Best Performance by an Actor In A Television Series – Drama and a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series. John Lithgow won a Golden Globe for Best Supporting Performance by an Actor in a Television Series for his role in the series the same night.", "In addition to its Emmys, the show won two Screen Actors Guild (SAG) Awards, in 2000 and 2001, Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series. Martin Sheen was the only cast member to win a Golden Globe Award, and he and Allison Janney were the only cast members to win SAG Awards. In both 1999 and 2000, The West Wing was awarded the Peabody Award for excellence in broadcasting. ", "For his performance as Frasier Crane in Cheers, Kelsey Grammer was Emmy Award-nominated twice as an Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series and did not win in 1988 and 1990. There were no nominations for guest performances in television series in 1992 Primetime Emmy Awards. For the same role in Wings episode \"Planes, Trains, and Visiting Cranes\", he was Emmy-nominated for the same category in 1992. For the same role in Cheers spin-off Frasier, Grammer was consecutively nominated as an Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series during the show's whole run except in 2003. He won that Lead category in 1994, 1995, 1998, and 2004. Grammer won the Screen Actors Guild Award as part of an ensemble cast of Frasier in 2000.", "Harry Belafonte becomes the first black man to win an Emmy, which he gets for outstanding performance in a variety or music program or series. The number of awards is cut from 43 in 1959 to a more manageable 23, in a dual ceremony held at NBC’s Burbank studios and the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York.", "Morning Trivia: This television series finale was broadcast on this date in 2004. It was watched by around 52.5 million American viewers, making it the fifth most watched series finale in television history. During its run, the series was nominated for 62 Primetime Emmy Awards, winning the Outstanding Comedy Series award in 2002 for its eighth season. The show ranked no. 21 on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time. What is the program?", "The show is produced by Warner Bros. Television and Chuck Lorre Productions. In August 2009, the sitcom won the best comedy series TCA award and Jim Parsons (Sheldon) won the award for individual achievement in comedy. In 2010, the show won the People’s Choice Award for Favorite Comedy, while Parsons won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series. On January 16, 2011, Parsons was awarded a Golden Globe for Best Performance by an Actor in a Television Series – Comedy or Musical, an award that was presented by co-star Kaley Cuoco (Penny). On September 18, 2011, Parsons was again awarded an Emmy for Best Actor in a Comedy Series.", "For the 62nd Primetime Emmy Awards, Agnieszka Holland was nominated for Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series for the pilot episode, \"Do You Know What It Means\", and Steve Earle was nominated for Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics for the song \"This City\". For the 66th Primetime Emmy Awards, for its shortened fourth and final season, it received nominations for Outstanding Miniseries; Outstanding Casting for a Miniseries, Movie or a Special; and Outstanding Writing for a Miniseries, Movie or a Dramatic Special for the series finale episode written by David Simon and Eric Overmyer; and won for Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Miniseries or a Movie. ", "In July 2003, the ceremony presentation received eight nominations at the 55th Primetime Emmys. Two months later, the ceremony won three of those nominations for Outstanding Art Direction For A Variety Or Music Program (Roy Christopher), Outstanding Lighting Direction (Electronic, Multi-camera) for a Variety, Music or Comedy Program (Robert Barnhart, Robert A. Dickinson, Andy O'Reilly), and Outstanding Music Direction (Bill Conti). ", "In July 2008, the ceremony presentation received nine nominations at the 60th Primetime Emmy Awards. Two months later, the ceremony won two of those nominations for Outstanding Art Direction (Roy Christopher and Joe Celli) and Outstanding Directing for a Variety, Music, or Comedy Program (Louis J. Horvitz). ", "The show's second Golden Globe Award for its first year was for Best TV Series – Musical or Comedy, while the other Primetime Emmy Awards went to Kathryn Joosten for her guest role as Karen McCluskey (beating, among others, fellow cast member Lupe Ontiveros), Charles McDougall for his direction of the pilot episode, Danny Elfman's theme music, the picture editing of the pilot, and the casting of the series. The entire cast was awarded the Screen Actors Guild Award, and Nicollette Sheridan was nominated the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries, or Television Film.", "2008 yielded the least nominations with none at the Golden Globe Awards and only the cast being nominated at the Screen Actors Guild Award. The show was nominated for four Primetime Emmy Awards, including acting nods towards Polly Bergen and Kathryn Joosten for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series. Joosten won the show's seventh Primetime Emmy Award and first since its debut year.", "The show did continue to be nominated in 2007 – Felicity Huffman was granted an Emmy nomination for the second time, and guest actresses Laurie Metcalf and Dixie Carter also received Emmy nominations. The show, along with actresses Marcia Cross and Felicity Huffman, received Golden Globe nominations, and Huffman and the cast ensemble were also nominated for SAGs. None of the Golden Globe, Emmy or SAG nominations resulted in any actual awards.", "The show was nominated for 12 Golden Globe Awards overall, winning five. The first nomination came in 1994, when the show won Best Series – Drama. The following year, Anderson and Duchovny were nominated for Best Actor in a Leading Role and Best Actress in a Leading Role, respectively. In 1996, the series won three awards; Anderson and Duchovny for Best Actress and Actor and for Best Series – Drama. In 1997 and 1998, the show received the same three nominations. In 1997, however, the series won Best Series – Drama\". In 1998 the series won no award and received no nominations thereafter.", "For the 1988–1989 season, nine cast members were nominated for Emmys. Larry Drake was the only one to win (for Supporting Actor). The others nominated were Michael Tucker (Lead Actor), Jill Eikenberry and Susan Dey (for Lead Actress), Richard Dysart and Jimmy Smits (Supporting Actor), Amanda Plummer, Susan Ruttan, Michele Greene and Conchata Ferrell (for Supporting Actress).", "The show did continue to be nominated in 2007 – Felicity Huffman was granted an Primetime Emmy Award nomination for the second time, and guest actresses Laurie Metcalf and Dixie Carter also received Primetime Emmy Award nominations. The show, along with actresses Marcia Cross and Felicity Huffman, received Golden Globe Award nominations, and Huffman and the cast ensemble were also nominated for the Screen Actors Guild. None of the Primetime Emmy Award, Golden Globe Award, or Screen Actors Guild Award nominations resulted in any actual awards.", "For the 1988–1989 season, nine cast members were nominated for Emmys. Larry Drake, Jimmy Smits, and Richard Dysart were the only one to win (for Supporting Actor). The others nominated were: Michael Tucker (for Lead Actor); Jill Eikenberry and Susan Dey (both for Lead Actress); and Amanda Donohoe, Susan Ruttan, Michele Greene, and Conchata Ferrell (all for Supporting Actress)." ]

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[ "Top Cat and his gang appeared in the Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law episode \"Mindless\" with Top Cat and Choo Choo voiced by Tom Kenny , Benny the Ball voiced by Maurice LaMarche , and Fancy-Fancy voiced by Chris Edgerly . The Brain has no dialogue and Spook is nowhere to be seen. In that episode, Harvey Birdman takes Top Cat and his gang home. Top Cat gets sued for bookmaking and running an illegal gambling service out of Harvey's home. He is found guilty and is sentenced to probation .", "How did alley cats Top Cat, Choo-Choo, Brain, Fancy-Fancy and Benny the Ball end up in the swanky mansion of Gertrude Vandergelt? What's Benny doing in a dog pound? And why are the conniving butler Snerdly and his mad wolfhound Rasputin out to get Benny? Get the breathless answers to these and other nutty questions in the fabulous feature-length animated caper Top Cat and the Beverly Hills Cats. What starts off as an another ordinary day in Hoagie Alley's turns into an adventurous romp through Beverly Hills, with Top Cat and the gang riding in limos, attending lavish costume parties and saving the heir to the Vandergelt fortune! Original Top Cat series voice actors Arnold Stang (T.C.), Marvin Kaplan (Choo-Choo), Leo De Lyon (Spook and Brain) and John Stephenson (Fancy-Fancy) memorably reprise their roles.", "Top Cat (aka Boss Cat) was a big success for Hanna/Barbera and remains one of their most popular shows. Ex-Bilko scripter Barry Blitzer was a writer for the show and the Bilko/Phil Silvers connections didn't end there. Arnold Stang and Marvin Kaplan (who voiced Top Cat and Choo-Choo) shared scenes with Phil in It's A Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World in 1963 and Leo DeLyon (the voice of Brains and Spook) was Phil's pianist and straight-man for many of his live appearances.", "In spite of the modest success of the show in the United States, the show was a massive hit in Mexico, Chile, Peru and Argentina, where it is recognized as one of the most famous Hanna Barbera characters ever, being as popular as The Flintstones. In Mexico the show is aired under the name Don Gato y su pandilla (literally Mr. Cat and his gang) and the main characters adopted different accents. Besides Top Cat, all the other characters from the show were very famous, and their popularity is commonly attributed by the excellent dubbing and voice acting: Benny was renamed Benito B. Bodoque y B. and given a more childlike voice than was the case in the original dubbing, Choo Choo was renamed Cucho and spoke with Mexican-yucatan accent, Fancy-Fancy was Panza (belly), Spook renamed as the word's rough translation Espanto, The Brain was called Demóstenes (honouring the Greek statesman Demosthenes, with whom he shares a speech impediment) and Officer Dibble renamed as Oficial Carlitos Matute. This name, \"matute\" was used in Argentina and Uruguay as a slang reference for policemen. Top Cat is still rerun every few years. The main voice actors were Julio Lucena (voice of Top Cat), Jorge Arvizu (voice of Benny and Choo Choo), Víctor Alcocer (voice of Dibble), David Reynoso among others.", "* Jason Harris Katz as Top Cat / Choo Choo / Brain / Griswald (U.K. version only) / Lou Strickland (U.K. version only) / Big Gus", "Top Cat and his gang were inspired by characters from the popular situation comedy The Phil Silvers Show (a/k/a You'll Never Get Rich); however, it has also been suggested that the Bowery Boys series of two-reeler comedy shorts influenced the show. Maurice Gosfield, who played Private Duane Doberman on The Phil Silvers Show, also provided the voice for Benny the Ball in Top Cat (Benny's rotund appearance was based on Gosfield too). Arnold Stang's voicing of Top Cat strongly resembled Phil Silvers' voice as well.", "In 1987, Hanna-Barbera produced a feature-length television film based on the show titled Top Cat and the Beverly Hills Cats (part of the Hanna-Barbera Superstars 10 film series), in which the gang helps a young girl claim her inheritance. During that time, John Stephenson reprised Officer Dibble while Benny the Ball was voiced by Avery Schreiber .", "Originally broadcast on Wednesdays [8:30-9pm Eastern], Top Cat was co-sponsored by Kellogg's and Bristol-Myers ( Bufferin ). The central character, Top Cat—called T.C. by close friends, \"pro-vid-ing it's with dignity\" as the lyrics of the theme song say—is the leader of a gang of New York City alley cats : Fancy-Fancy, Spook, Benny the Ball, The Brain, and Choo Choo.", "* Rick Jones (Speedy Cervice and various characters in Samurai Pizza Cats; several characters in The Raccoons; Choo Choo, Sailor and Uncle Boom in The Smoggies; Ralph in Rotten Ralph; Fu-Fu in Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese Cat; Walter in Walter and Tandoori; Yorky, Rusty and Tooly in The Big Garage; Gregory Gilbert Pyrowski and Mr. Pyrowski in Fred's Head; Puff Ball, Erebus and Digger in Toad Patrol; Whip in Tripping the Rift; Gwizdo and Hector in Dragon Hunters; Scoop in My Goldfish is Evil; and many others in Ottawa, Toronto and Montreal; also serves as a writer and voice director)", "Top Cat and his gang were inspired by characters from the popular situation comedy You'll Never Get Rich (later called The Phil Silvers Show) . It has also been said[ by whom? ] that the Bowery Boys influenced the show. Maurice Gosfield , who played Private Duane Doberman on The Phil Silvers Show, also provided the voice for Benny the Ball in Top Cat (Benny's rotund appearance was based on Gosfield too).", "Famed voice actor Daws Butler employed an impression of Silvers as the voice of the Hanna-Barbera cartoon character Hokey Wolf and also used the same voice in numerous cartoons for Jay Ward. Furthermore, the premise of The Phil Silvers Show was the basis for the Hanna-Barbera cartoon Top Cat, for which Arnold Stang moderately imitated Silvers' voice for the title character.", "Top Cat did not raise much concern about its mirror image to Bilko, also hiring writers from that series as well as the voice of Maurice Gosfield—who played Doberman on Bilko—voicing Benny the Ball. It could also be stated that Top Cat owes more than a tip of the hat to the lovable, colorful con artists of Damon Runyon stories as well.", "Benny the Ball, Fancy Fancy, Choo Choo, Spook and Brains, and the indisputable leader of the gang TC, are back at war with the long arm of the law when the menacing Police Chief Strickland moves to town. With the help of a bullying robot police force, Strickland threatens to be the most dastardly enemy the gang has ever faced. With their lifestyle hanging in the balance, TC and friends are forced to cash in on another of their nine lives to curtail Strickland’s reign of terror and claw their way back to the top! Joining old favourites TC, his tip-top gang and Officer Dibble, Top Cat: The Movie sees the welcome return of a host of lovable characters from the original Hanna-Barbera cartoon and is just purrfect for old and new fans alike!", "*In 1985, Top Cat appeared on Yogi's Treasure Hunt with Yogi Bear and other Hanna-Barbera toon stars as the treasure hunt assigner. Officer Dibble made an appearance in the end of the show's episode, \"Yogi's Beanstalk\" voiced by John Stephenson since Allen Jenkins had died in 1974.", "As with The Jungle Book, the characters were patterned on the personalities of the voice actors. In 1966, Walt Disney contacted Phil Harris to improvise the script, and shortly after, he was cast to voice Thomas O'Malley. To differentiate the character from Baloo, Reitherman noted O'Malley was \"more based on Clark Gable than Wallace Beery, who was partly the model for Baloo.\" Reitherman further cast Eva Gabor as Duchess, remarking she had \"the freshest femme voice we've ever had\", and Sterling Holloway as Roquefort. Louis Armstrong was initially reported to voice Scat Cat, but he backed out of the project in 1969 for unknown reasons. Out of desperation, Scatman Crothers was hired to voice the character under the direction to imitate Armstrong. Pat Buttram and George Lindsey were cast as the farm dogs, which proved so popular with the filmmakers that another scene was included to have the dogs when Edgar returns to the farm to retrieve his displaced hat and umbrella. ", "Timothy Mouse was voiced by Edward Brophy, a character actor known for portraying gangsters who has no other known animation voice credits. The pompous matriarch of the elephants was voiced by Verna Felton , who would later play the Fairy Godmother from Cinderella and Flora from Sleeping Beauty . Other voice actors include the perennial Sterling Holloway in a cameo role as Mr. Stork , and Cliff Edwards , better previously known for voicing Jiminy Cricket , as Jim Crow, the leader of the crows.", "Moe Szyslak, Lenny, Willie, Cletus, Eddie, Arnie Pie, Louie, Database, Lance Murdock, Scratchy (voice 1), John Frink, Disco Stu, Murphy Gencives Sanglantes (voice 2) Roger Meyers (Voice 3)", "It stars two cute and cuddly twin mice children, the bowtied Pixie (voiced by Don Messick) and the vested Dixie (voiced by Daws Butler with a Southern American accent) and Mr. Jinks the Cat (voiced by Daws Butler impersonating Marlon Brando). Mr Jinks is an orange tuxedo cat. ", "Cool Cat is a tiger who wore a stylish green beret and scarf. Unlike most other Looney Tunes characters, Cool Cat was unapologetically a product of his time. He spoke in 1960s-style Beatnik slang and acted much like a stereotypical laid-back 1960s teenager — he was often seen strumming a Guitar or traveling cross-country in his dune buggy . One cartoon — McKimson's Bugged by a Bee — depicted him as an alumnus of \" Disco Tech \" playing varsity football against the long-haired team from \"Hippie University.\". He is voiced by Larry Storch .", "The Cheshire Cat is the third Disney character originally voiced by Sterling Holloway and taken over by Jim Cummings . The first two are Winnie the Pooh and Kaa .", "JOE ALASKEY, who provided the voice for famous cartoon characters such as Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Tweety and Sylvester the Cat, has died aged 63. Alaskey, who was born in New York on April 17, 1952, died from cancer on February 3. In 2004, he won a Daytime Emmy Award for his work on the cartoon Duck Dodgers, providing the voice of the eponymous hero.", "Pixie with a blue bowtie (voice of Don Messick) and Dixie with a red vest (voice of Daws Butler) interacted with Mr. Jinx \"Jinxie,\" a beatnik cat (voice of Daws Butler) who always failed to keep Pixie and Dixie from stealing food from the kitchen. His catchphrase is \"I hate those meeces to pieces.\"", "The Richie Rich/Scooby-Doo Show was produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions, and aired on ABC in 1980. The show features the voices of Don Messick (Boo Boo from Yogi Bear) as Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo, Casey Kasem (Robin from the Superfriends, and original host of the long-running radio show American Top 40) as Shaggy, Sparky Marcus as Richie Rich, Stanley Jones (Lex Luthor from Challenge of the Superfriends) as Cadbury, Joan Gerber (Mrs. Beakley from DuckTales) as Irona, Bill Callaway (Aquaman from the Superfriends, and Square Bear from Help! It's the Hair Bear Bunch) as Professor Keenbean, Frank Welker (Dr. Claw from Inspector Gadget) as Dollar, Dick Beals (Birdboy from Birdman & the Galaxy Trio) as Reggie Van Dough, and Nancy Cartwright (Bart Simpson from The Simpsons) as Gloria Glad.", "Actor who provided the voice for a number of memorable Disney characters including Winnie the Pooh, Mr. Stork in Dumbo and the Cheshire Cat in Alice in Wonderland.", "Although many supporting and minor characters speak, Tom and Jerry rarely do so themselves. Tom, most famously, sings while wooing female cats; for example, Tom sings Louis Jordan's \"Is You Is or Is You Ain't My Baby\" in the 1946 short Solid Serenade. In that one as well as Zoot Cat, Tom, when romancing a female cat, woos her in a French-accented voice similar to that of screen actor Charles Boyer. At the end of The Million Dollar Cat after beginning to antagonize Jerry he says, \"Gee, I'm throwin' away a million dollars... BUT I'M HAPPY!\" In Tom and Jerry: The Magic Ring, Jerry says, \"No, no, no, no, no,\" when choosing the shop to remove his ring. In The Mouse Comes to Dinner Tom speaks to his girlfriend Toots while inadvertently sitting on a stove: \"Say, what's cookin'?\", to which Toots replies \"You are, stupid.\". Another instance of speech comes in Solid Serenade and The Framed Cat, where Tom directs Spike through a few dog tricks in a dog-trainer manner. Co-director William Hanna provided most of the squeaks, gasps, and other vocal effects for the pair, including the most famous sound effects from the series, Tom's leather-lunged scream (created by recording Hanna's scream and eliminating the beginning and ending of the recording, leaving only the strongest part of the scream on the soundtrack) and Jerry's nervous gulp. ", "Sammy Davis, Jr. provided the voice of a \"hip\" animated Cheshire Cat in the 1966 Hanna Barbara TV special \" Alice in Wonderland or What's a Nice Kid Like You Doing in a Place Like This? \" Dressed in a beret, scarf and chin beard, Davis' Cheshire Cat also sings the title song.", "Scat Cat was originally written with Louie Armstrong in mind, with his original name being Satchmo Cat. Unfortunately, illness kept Louie from being able to play the character and the character was recast with Scatman Crothers and given the \" Everybody Wants to Be a Cat \" song replacing the one the Sherman Brothers wrote for Armstrong, \"Le Jazz Hot\".", "Paul Winchell as Shun Gon the Chinese Cat - a member of Scat Cat's gang. Plays the piano and drums that are made out of pots.", "Cool Cat appeared in the 2000 direct-to-video movie Tweety's High-Flying Adventure voiced by Jim Cummings .", "Talk show host Rosie O'Donnell changed hats to play which narrating character in \"Seussical the Musical\"? The Cat in the Hat", "Paul Winchell as Shun Gon the Chinese (Siamese) Cat - a member of Scat Cat's gang. Plays the piano and drums that are made out of pots.", "The Chinese Cat Shun Gon from The Aristocats he sings one line in his \"native Chinese\" during \"Everybody Wants to Be A Cat\" which goes like \"Shanghai, Hong Kong, Egg Foo, Yung!\"." ]

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[ "Gene Anthony Ray (May 24, 1962 – November 14, 2003) was an American actor, dancer, and choreographer. He was known for his portrayal of dancer Leroy Johnson in both the 1980 film Fame and the 1982–1987 Fame television series based upon the film.", "Fame was a relatively low-budget film musical from 1980 directed by Alan Parker and written by Christopher Gore, following a group of students and their teachers, and their exploits and adventures at the New York High School of Performing Arts. The film starred Albert Hague (as Mr. Shorofsky, the music teacher), Jim Farrell (drama), Anne Meara (English), and Debbie Allen (as Lydia Grant, the main dance teacher and focal point of most of the auditions), with the students played by Maureen Teefy (as Doris Finsecker), Barry Miller (as Ralph Garcie, formally known as Raul Garcia until he tried to disguise his Puerto Rican roots), Irene Cara (Coco Hernandez), Gene Anthony Ray (Leroy Johnson), Lee Curreri (Bruno Martelli), and Paul McCrane (Montgomery MacNeil). Despite the film's success in the U.S., winning an Academy Award for Best Song (the title track sung by Irene Cara as Coco Hernandez), it was not well received in the U.K., the film only moderately successful and the soundtrack not even able to hit the Top 20.", "Gene Anthony Ray, who briefly found fame as dancer Leroy Johnson in both the movie and TV versions of Fame, died Friday in New York.", "2004: Gene Anthony Ray (41) American actor, dancer, vocalist and choreographer, born in Harlem, New York. He was best known for his portrayal of the street smart dancer Leroy in the 1980 film Fame and the TV spin-off which aired from '82 until '87. In 1987 he played Billy Nolan in the musical adaptation of Carrie by Stephen King in the original opening in Stratford-Upon-Avon which closed after less than a month, he then transferred to Broadway and continued to play the role until the musical closed after only five public performances (Gene died of a stroke, sadly due to aids) b. May 24th 1962.", "• AfterFame: He joined the cast of the Fame TV series, which aired on NBC and in syndication for six seasons (1982-87). The show also was a hit overseas, especially in the U.K. At one point, Ray had two assistants to handle the 17,000 fan letters that arrived daily. Recalls Debbie Allen (dance instructor Lydia Grant in the movie and on TV): \"He was like my baby, my child. He was, in a way, a man-child. Part of him was always a boy. Some people are beyond normal technique. When they leap, they fly. He was so strong, I can feel him right now throwing me around.\"", "His journey into the spotlight began at Julia Richmond High School. He performed in a dance class there and later auditioned for Louis Falco, the choreographer for the film ''Fame.'' He skipped school the day of the first tryout, and ''Leroy Johnson was born,'' Mrs. Ray said.", "DJ Jazzy Jeff, African-American rapper and actor; Brandon Lee, Chinese-American actor (d. 1993); Maura Tierney, American actress; Chris Rock, African-American actor and comedian; Dr. Dre, African-American rapper and music producer; Jesse Jackson, Jr., African-American politician; The Undertaker, American professional wrestler (\"The Undertaker\"); Sarah Jessica Parker, American actress; Piers Morgan, British journalist and television personality; Robert Downey Jr., American actor; Jon Cryer, American actor; Martin Lawrence, African-American actor, comedian, and producer; Suge Knight, African-American record producer; Kevin James, American comedian and actor; John C. Reilly, American actor; Todd Bridges, African-American actor; Brooke Shields, American actress and supermodel; Elizabeth Hurley, English model and actress; Dan Jansen, American speedskater; Shawn Michaels, American professional wrestler; Slash (Saul Hudson), American rock musician (Guns N' Roses); Jeremy Piven, American actor; J. K. Rowling, English author; Viola Davis, African-American actress; Kyra Sedgwick, American actress; Shania Twain, Canadian country singer and songwriter; Lennox Lewis, British boxer; Charlie Sheen, American actor; Bashar al-Assad, President of Syria; Moby, American musician; Scottie Pippen, American basketball player; Kathleen Madigan, American comedian; Ty Pennington, American television presenter; Ben Stiller, American actor; Katarina Witt, German figure skater; Andy Dick, American actor", "After Miami Vice was cancelled in 1989, Johnson once again returned to films, appearing with then-wife Melanie Griffith in Paradise and Born Yesterday, and with Rebecca De Mornay in Guilty as Sin. In 1996, just as his marriage to Griffith was ending, he returned to television in the starring role of Carlton Cuse's Nash Bridges, as well as co-Executive Producer. Bridges was a detective in the San Francisco Police's Special Investigations Unit (SIU), alongside Cheech Marin. Johnson once again got a sports car to drive, a 1971 Plymouth HemiCuda. Philip Michael Thomas reunited with Johnson in two episodes, playing a DEA agent from Miami. The series ran for six years until CBS cancelled it in 2001. In 2005, the WB network brought Johnson back in a series, Just Legal, as a veteran lawyer paired with a young partner, although the show was cancelled after just three episodes. Afterwards Johnson moved to London for the West End production of Guys and Dolls, appearing as Nathan Detroit in 2007, then returned to television in the cable series Eastbound & Down (2010-2013) and From Dusk to Dawn: The Series (2014-2015, with Esai Morales ), then to network television in the series Blood & Oil in 2015.", "Correction: November 22, 2003, Saturday An obituary on Wednesday about Gene Anthony Ray, featured dancer in the movie ''Fame,'' misspelled part of the name of the Manhattan high school where he auditioned. It was Julia Richman High School, now part of the Julia Richman Educational Complex (not Richmond).", "His other film performances include lead roles in The Babe (1992) and The Flintstones (1994) and supporting roles in The Artist (2011), Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close (2011), Argo (2012), Flight (2012), and The Hangover Part III (2013). On television, he has had regular roles on Amazon Studios' Alpha House and on the first season of HBO's Treme, and has been one of the most frequent hosts of Saturday Night Live, as well as guest roles on series such as Community. John Heilpern of Vanity Fair has called him \"among our very finest actors\".", "Donnie Wayne \"Don\" Johnson (1949 - ) An American actor, producer, director, singer, and songwriter. Best known for his role of Sonny Crockett in the 1980s TV series, Miami Vice and as the lead role in the 1990s series Nash Bridges. Born in Flat Creek, MO (1381)", "O'Neal trained as an amateur boxer before beginning his career in acting in 1960. In 1964, he landed the role of Rodney Harrington on the ABC nighttime soap opera Peyton Place. The series was an instant hit and boosted O'Neal's career. He later found success in films, most notably Love Story (1970), for which he received Academy Award and Golden Globe nominations as Best Actor, What's Up, Doc? (1972), Paper Moon (1973), Stanley Kubrick's Barry Lyndon (1975), and A Bridge Too Far (1977). Since 2007, he has had a recurring role in the TV series Bones as Max, the father of series co-protagonist Dr. Temperance \"Bones\" Brennan.", "Jeffrey Charles William Michael “Jeff” Conaway (October 5, 1950 – May 27, 2011) was an American actor best known for his roles in the movie  Grease  and the US television series  Taxi  and  Babylon 5 . Conaway was featured on the first season of reality series  Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew .", "He is perhaps best known for his roles in the Spike Lee movies Do The Right Thing, Mo' Better Blues and Jungle Fever, the Quentin Tarantino movies Pulp Fiction and Jackie Brown, and as Jedi Mace Windu in the prequel Star Wars Trilogy. Thus, he is usually cast into roles that involve a cool, controlled, \"in-the-know\" black man. His roles most always involve a memorable line delivery; and Jackson's trademark voice inflection lend heavily to this key attribute. He received an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor for his role as Jules Winnfield in Pulp Fiction. His impressive film career has given him the title of highest boxSamuel Leroy Jackson is an American actor. He has starred in many Hollywood movies. His performance in Jungle Fever was so acclaimed, the 1991 Cannes Film Festival created a Supporting Actor award just for him. Along with that award, he has won many others including a Silver Berlin Bear, A BAFTA Film Award, and two Independent Spirit Awards.", "*In 1985, he produced and appeared as himself in the movie Perfect with Jamie Lee Curtis and John Travolta. He also had cameo roles in Cameron Crowe's films Jerry Maguire and Almost Famous.", "Davis was portrayed by Don Cheadle in the HBO film The Rat Pack, a television film about the group of entertainers. Cheadle won a Golden Globe Award for his performance.", "The multi-talented star has also appeared in all three Night at the Museum movies as Cecil Fredericks, and even sang the national anthem at three LA Lakers games live on NBC in 2007. Quite rightly, he was inducted into the Television Hall of Fame in 1995, and received the Screen Actor's Guild's highest honour, the SAG Life Achievement Award in 2013.", "Wade Schenck's only movie was \"Hoosiers.\" He had no acting experience when he was cast by director David Anspaugh for the part of \"Ollie,\" the quiet little substitute who wins the big game. His biggest challenge was to try to look like a mediocre basketball player. In reality he was a very good high school player. His biggest regret was the loss of several scenes with just he and Gene Hackman talking together in a cornfield. His sister played a cheerleader in the film. He is married and still lives in Hendricks County, Indiana.", "actor: Bus Stop, Knots Landing, The Outcasts, Baby the Rain Must Fall, Peggy Sue Got Married, Advice and Consent", "After graduating cum laude from Harvard in 1969, Jones made his stage debut that same year in A Patriot for Me; in 1970, he appeared in his first film, [[Feature~V30317~Love Story~lovestory]] (listed way, way down the cast list as one of [[Performer~P53567~Ryan O'Neal~ryanoneal]]'s fraternity buddies). Interestingly enough, while Jones was at Harvard, he and roommate [[Performer~P285102~Gore~algore]] provided the models for author [[Performer~P64315~Erich Segal~erichsegal]] while he was writing the character of Oliver, the book's (and film's) protagonist. After this supporting role, Jones got his first film lead in the obscure Canadian film [[Feature~V15603~Eliza's Horoscope~elizashoroscope]] (1975). Following a spell on the daytime soap opera [[Feature~V284353~One Life to Live~onelifetolive[tvseries]]], he gained national attention in 1977 when he was cast in the title role in the TV miniseries [[Feature~V1787~The Amazing Howard Hughes~theamazinghowardhughes]], his resemblance to the title character -- both vocally and visually -- positively uncanny. Five years later, Jones won further acclaim and an Emmy for his startling performance as murderer Gary Gilmore in [[Feature~V16299~The Executioner's Song~theexecutionerssong]].", "Has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. His star for movies is at 6801 Hollywood Blvd. His star for television is at 6150 Hollywood Blvd.", "While playing in Los Angeles on a touring box lacrosse team in 1937, he impressed Joe E. Brown with his athleticism. Brown encouraged Silverheels to do a screen test, which led to his acting career. Silverheels began working in motion pictures as an extra and stunt man in 1937. He was billed variously as Harold Smith and Harry Smith, and appeared in low-budget features, westerns, and serials. He adopted his screen name from the nickname he had as a lacrosse player. From the late 1940s, he played in major films, including Captain from Castile starring Tyrone Power, I Am an American (1944), Key Largo with Humphrey Bogart (1948), Lust for Gold with Glenn Ford (1949), Broken Arrow (1950) with James Stewart, War Arrow (1953) with Maureen O'Hara, Jeff Chandler and Noah Beery, Jr., The Black Dakotas (1954) as Black Buffalo, Drums Across the River (1954), Walk the Proud Land (1956) with Audie Murphy and Anne Bancroft, Alias Jesse James (1959) with Bob Hope, and Indian Paint (1964) with Johnny Crawford. He made a brief appearance in True Grit (1969) as a condemned criminal about to be executed. He played a substantial role as John Crow in Santee (1973), starring Glenn Ford. One of his last roles was a wise white-haired chief in The Man Who Loved Cat Dancing (1973).", "He has three stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contribution to the motion picture and television industry and live performance located at 1639 Vine Street, 6510 Hollywood Blvd. and 6672 Hollywood Blvd. respectively.", "He subsequently landed his own series, � The Jamie Foxx Show ,� which went on to enjoy a five-year run. He not only starred on the series but was also its co-creator and executive producer, and directed several episodes. He made his big screen debut in Toys in 1992, followed by appearances in Booty Call and The Players Club. He received rave reviews for his riveting work in Any Given Sunday and as Bundini Brown in Ali, breakout roles which in turn led to a trio of critically-acclaimed performances in Ray, Collateral and Redemption in 2004.", "In 2002, Efron began to appear in guest roles on several television series, including Firefly, ER, and The Guardian. He portrayed Cameron Bale on the now-cancelled WB series Summerland. Originally introduced as a recurring character, Efron became a regular cast member on the show in the second season in 2004, starring opposite the likes of Kay Panabaker, Lori Loughlin and Jesse McCartney. Since appearing in Summerland, he has also had guest roles on the shows CSI: Miami, NCIS, The Suite Life of Zack & Cody and The Replacements. In 2003, Efron starred in the Lifetime original television movie Miracle Run. He played Steven Morgan, one of two autistic twins. For his performance, he was nominated for a Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a TV Movie, Mini-series or Special — Supporting Young Actor. In 2005, he played a main character in Hope Partlow's music video for her song \"Sick Inside.\" Also in 2005, he played horse-loving Patrick McCardle in The Derby Stallion, where his character wants to beat the town bully at the steeple chase race.", " 2016 BET Awards 2016 (TV Movie) (writer: \"The Ballad of Dorothy Parker\", \"The Beautiful Ones\", \"Take Me With U\", \"Purple Rain\", \"Nothing Compares 2 U\", \"Delirious\", \"Kiss\", \"Pop Life\", \"I Would Die 4 U\", \"Housequake\", \"Erotic City\", \"U Got The Look\", \"A Love Bizarre\", \"The Glamorous Life\", \"America\", \"Baby I'm a Star\")", "Born in Harvey, Illinois, Jason has been acting since the age of 8 and singing professionally since he was 11 years old. When he was 9, he made his feature film debut in \"The Long Walk Home.\" His television credits include roles as series regulars on \"Brewster Place\" with Oprah Winfrey and \"Thea.\" He has also appeared in \"The Kid Who Loved Christmas\" and \"The Jacksons: An American Dream,\" for which he played a young version of the pop star.", "During the course of his career, he has starred in 25 feature films and guest starred in some 350 television shows. Perhaps the most beloved character, and the one for which he is most famous, is that of Sheriff Mort Metzger on the hit television series, Murder, She Wrote. Given that he has also been seen and heard in hundred of television and radio commercials (he was named, \"King of Commercials\" by columnist James Bacon), it is no wonder that he is often introduced as one of America's most familiar faces.", "After starting his career in Britain with music, comedy and theatre, Ferguson moved to the United States where he found success in the role of Nigel Wick on the ABC sitcom The Drew Carey Show. He has written and starred in three films, directing one of them, and has appeared in several others, including several voice-over roles for animations. Ferguson has also written two books: Between the Bridge and the River, a novel, and American on Purpose, a memoir. He was naturalized as a United States citizen in 2008.", "The actor made his big screen debut as Syracuse University football great Floyd Little in 2008's \"The Express,\" the Ernie Davis biopic starring Rob Brown and Dennis Quaid. Near the end of the movie, Davis goes with Coach Ben Schwartzwalder (Quaid) to recruit Little to attend SU. Nicole Beharie, who also starred in \"The Express\" as Davis' girlfriend, plays Robinson's wife Rachel.", "Brady made a cameo in the 2011 song \"Dedication To My Ex (Miss That)\" by Lloyd featuring Lil Wayne and Andre 3000, narrating Lil Wayne's section of the song. He also appeared as a special guest star in the March 14, 2012 episode of the TV series Psych.", "He starred in a couple of commercials and made-for-TV movies. One of his most famous ones was a commercial for Coca-Cola." ]

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[ "In Washington, she found a kindred spirit in President Ronald Reagan, sharing his harder line toward the Soviet Union in the climactic final years of the Cold War. Yet when Thatcher met with incoming Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev in late 1984, she famously declared that we can do business with him.", "In foreign affairs, Thatcher, an opponent of communism, had a close relationship with Ronald Reagan, who served in the White House from 1981 to 1989, and with whom she shared a number of conservative views. Yet she also forged ties with Mikhail Gorbachev, who led the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991. Thatcher famously said after meeting him, “I like Mr. Gorbachev. We can do business together,” and her leadership played an important role in helping to end Cold War tensions between America and the Soviets. In other foreign policy issues, Thatcher, controversially, spoke out initially against international efforts to impose economic sanctions on apartheid South Africa, arguing such sanctions wouldn’t work.", "Mrs Thatcher has already indicated her approval at his appointment. Following his recent visit to Britain, she said: \"I like Mr Gorbachev. We can do business together.\"", "Less spectacular but truly far-reaching was Thatcher’s role in bringing about the end of the Cold War and contributing to the demise of communism in Central and Eastern Europe. As an individualist and free market advocate, she had an innate and frequently voiced distrust of communism. In Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, however, she found a man she “could do business with,” and she helped to persuade President Ronald Reagan away from “evil Empire” rhetoric to do the same. The chemistry between Reagan and Thatcher made their alliance a high point of the special relationship between Britain and the United States in the 20th century. “She was warm, feminine, gracious and intelligent and it was evident from our first words that we were soul mates when it came to reducing government and expanding economic freedom,” Reagan remarked.", "In February 2007, she became the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom to be honoured with a statue in the Houses of Parliament while still living. The statue is made of bronze and stands opposite her political hero and predecessor, Sir Winston Churchill . The statue was unveiled on 21 February 2007 with Lady Thatcher in attendance; she made a rare and brief speech in the members' lobby of the House of Commons, reposting, \"I might have preferred iron — but bronze will do... It won't rust.\" The statue shows her as if she were addressing the House of Commons, with her right arm outstretched. Thatcher said she was thrilled with it.", "Many considered her Britain’s Ronald Reagan. Indeed, Reagan and Thatcher were political soul mates. Reagan called her the \"best man in England\" and she called him \"the second most important man in my life.\"", "In 1967, the United States Embassy in London chose Thatcher to take part in the International Visitor Leadership Program (then called the Foreign Leader Program), a professional exchange programme that gave her the opportunity to spend about six weeks visiting various US cities and political figures as well as institutions such as the International Monetary Fund. Although she was not yet a cabinet or shadow cabinet member, the embassy reportedly described her to the State Department as a possible future prime minister. The description helped Thatcher meet with many prominent people during a busy itinerary focused on economic issues, including Paul Samuelson, Walt Rostow, Pierre-Paul Schweitzer, and Nelson Rockefeller. After Pike's retirement, Heath appointed Thatcher later that year to the Shadow Cabinet as Fuel and Power spokesman. Shortly before the 1970 general election, she was promoted to Shadow Transport spokesman and later to Education.", "In 1967, the United States Embassy in London chose Thatcher to take part in the International Visitor Leadership Program (then called the Foreign Leader Program), a professional exchange programme that gave her the opportunity to spend about six weeks visiting various US cities and political figures as well as institutions such as the International Monetary Fund. Although not yet a cabinet or shadow cabinet member, the embassy reportedly described her to the State Department as a possible future prime minister. The description helped Thatcher meet with many unusually prominent individuals during a busy itinerary focused on economic issues, including Paul Samuelson , Walt Rostow , Pierre-Paul Schweitzer , and Nelson Rockefeller . After Pike's retirement, Heath appointed Thatcher later that year to the Shadow Cabinet [31] as Fuel and Power spokesman. [40] Shortly before the 1970 general election, she was promoted to Shadow Transport spokesman and later to Education. [41]", "In February 2007, Thatcher became the first living British Prime Minister to be honoured with a statue in the Houses of Parliament. The bronze statue stands opposite that of her political hero, Sir Winston Churchill , [229] and was unveiled on 21 February 2007 with Thatcher in attendance; she made a rare and brief speech in the members' lobby of the House of Commons, responding: \"I might have preferred iron – but bronze will do ... It won't rust.\" [229] The statue shows her addressing the House of Commons, with her right arm outstretched. [230]", "Margaret Thatcher's government was, she says, about the application of a philosophy, not the implementation of an administrative programme. These ideas and beliefs were propelled throughout her time in office by a forcefulness and conviction, particularly in critical moments in her premiership - the Falklands War, the miner's strike, the Brighton bomb and her three election victories. In the second volume of her memoirs, following \"The Downing Street Years\", she reveals the inspiration behind many of her philosophies. She discusses the formative years of her childhood in Grantham, the values she learnt at home, the profound influence of her shopkeeeping father, and of her own schooling on future Conservative education policies. She recounts her days at Oxford, her academic work as a scientist, marriage to Dennis, and the beginning of her career as a politician when in 1959 she was selected to stand at Finchley. She gives her views on the governments of Harold Macmillan, Alec Douglas-Home, Harold Wilson, Edward Heath and Jim Callaghan, and sets out the development of her ideas during her time in opposition.", "Her experience as a state leader and her thoughts about the prospects of our changing world had to be appreciated whether one agreed with them or not. I valued my political and human relationship with Margaret, particularly during the most significant years of my time in politics. For me, she was \"a person one can deal with\". Our co-operation with Margaret Thatcher went beyond the routine of partnership.", "Denis Thatcher, as the first male PM spouse in history, was likely to be the center of media attention. When Margaret met him, she remarked, \"It was clear to me at once that Denis was an exceptional man � he had a certain style and dash.\" Described as a man of integrity, humor and common sense, he fought with the Royal Artillery during World War II and had a strong business background. It was said that Denis was in \"the Thatcher party, not the Tory party.\" He once famously remarked, \"It's better to keep my mouth shut and be thought a fool rather than open it and remove all doubt.\"", "Lady Thatcher’s backing of John Major had proved crucial in his selection as her successor. He was far from being a dyed-in-the-wool Thatcherite, and his predecessor grew increasingly critical of him. In 1997, Lady Thatcher was widely quoted as saying of Major’s Labor opponent, “Tony [Blair] won’t let us down.” By 1998, though, she was saying of Blair (who had won a landslide victory two years before), “I’m worried about that young man, he’s getting awfully bossy.”", "Her relations with European leaders were strained. While contemporaries such as French President Francois Mitterrand and German Chancellor Helmut Kohl worked for a politically united Europe, Thatcher called for a network of individual states joined only as a free-trade area, like the North American Free Trade Agreement. The debate about whether Britain should stay part of an EU seeking an ever-closer union or leave has been a recurring theme in British politics since she left office.", "Thatcher's antipathy towards European integration became more pronounced during her premiership, particularly after her third election victory in 1987. During a 1988 speech in Bruges she outlined her opposition to proposals from the European Community (EC), forerunner of the European Union , for a federal structure and increased centralisation of decision making. [166] Thatcher and her party had supported British membership of the EC in the 1975 national referendum , [167] but she believed that the role of the organisation should be limited to ensuring free trade and effective competition, and feared that the EC's approach was at odds with her views on smaller government and deregulation; [168] in 1988, she remarked, \"We have not successfully rolled back the frontiers of the state in Britain, only to see them re-imposed at a European level, with a European super-state exercising a new dominance from Brussels\". [168] Thatcher was firmly opposed to the UK's membership of the Exchange Rate Mechanism , a precursor to European monetary union, believing that it would constrain the British economy, [169] despite the urging of her Chancellor of the Exchequer Nigel Lawson and Foreign Secretary Geoffrey Howe, [170] but she was persuaded by John Major to join in October 1990, at what proved to be too high a rate. [171]", "In politics, if you want anything said, ask a man. If you want anything done, ask a woman.’ Margaret Thatcher, former British Prime Minister", "Thatcher was re-elected for a third term in 1987, but her Community Charge (popularly referred to as \"poll tax\") was widely unpopular and her views on the European Community were not shared by others in her Cabinet. She resigned as Prime Minister and party leader in November 1990, after Michael Heseltine launched a challenge to her leadership. Thatcher held a life peerage as Baroness Thatcher, of Kesteven in the County of Lincolnshire, which entitled her to sit in the House of Lords.", "In a statement released by her office, Lady Thatcher said: \"He was a great parliamentarian and a man of high principles.\"", "I didn't meet Thatcher until the day I started work for her, which was the 10 September 1978 when I went to the House of Commons as a package deal with David Wolfson. He was on the board of Great Universal Stores and was trying to help her to win the election.", "Because many law firms in the 1950s were reluctant to hire a woman (let alone a married woman with children), Thatcher had a difficult time finding a job, but was eventually hired by a firm of tax attorneys. Her sound knowledge of tax laws and fiscal policies would prove especially valuable assets for an up-and-coming politician.", "I talked to Thatcher about my concern that any compromise then would have fatal long-term consequences, given Scargill's capacity to present such an outcome as a vindication of his stand. She made it plain that despite the department of energy's attitudes, there must be no question of letting him off the hook. Many blamed her when we saw the sad spectacle of decent miners being forced to trudge back to work with defeat on their faces, but without that result, the intimidation and violence on the picket line would have been seen to have triumphed.", "↵ 39 John Campbell, Margaret Thatcher: grocer's daughter to Iron Lady (Vintage, London, 2009), p. 26.", "LONDON —  Margaret Thatcher , the “Iron Lady”, was a towering figure in British 20th century politics, a grocer’s daughter with a steely resolve who was loved and loathed in equal measure as she crushed the unions and privatized vast swathes of industry.", "Margaret Thatcher (1925 – 2013) Born in Grantham, Thatcher was British Prime Minister from 1979-1990. She oversaw a period of rapid social and economic change in Britain. She was a conviction politician unafraid to speak her mind and pursue her ideology.", "Both when we were in power and after each of us had stepped down from office, we met many times. Lady Thatcher was certainly a remarkable person and a major political leader. Even though our talks were sometimes quite dramatic and more than lively, I found them intellectually stimulating and admired her deliberate approach to all subjects, her thoughtfulness and her ability to stand her ground – stubbornly but persuasively. Indeed, she had a rare ability to delve deeply and thoroughly into the events of the past century, evaluate the scope and meaning of each of them, and analyse the unique features of different countries and regions.", "‘Iron Lady’ Thatcher’s personal effects to go on sale LONDON Personal items belonging to Britain’s “Iron Lady” prime minister Margaret Thatcher, including some of her famous", "  Thatcher was a research chemist in 1950 when she made her first run for Parliament. \"My training in chemistry and law were all based on delving for facts and arriving at conclusions,\" she said, adding that such training proved helpful when she finally won a seat in 1959. AP", "“I am not a consensus politician,” she announced upon assuming leadership of the Conservative Party, in February 1975. “I am a conviction politician.” Lady Thatcher’s convictions — in favor of free-market economics and Victorian values, against state socialism and personal permissiveness — were deeply polarizing (something she readily, even proudly admitted) and flew in the face of several decades of British politics. “There is no such thing as society,” she said in 1987, indicating her commitment to the primacy of the individual and markets.", "Powell later came into conflict with Thatcher during November 1985 because of her support for the Anglo-Irish Agreement. On the day it was signed, 14 November, Powell asked her in the Commons: \"Does the right hon. Lady understand—if she does not yet understand she soon will—that the penalty for treachery is to fall into public contempt?\" Thatcher replied that she found his remarks \"deeply offensive\". ", "PAP 20: 13.6.1995: LONDON: Baroness Thatcher - the former British Prime Minister - signs copies of the second volume of her memoires, entittled \"The Path to Power\", at Harrods department store in London today (Tuesday). Photo by Louisa Buller/PA. gm.", "Dodd was a supporter of the Conservatives under Margaret Thatcher and campaigned during the 1979 general election campaign, which first brought her to power. In the last rally, in Wembley Arena, he introduced her on to the stage.", "He was first elected to Parliament as the MP for Monklands East in 1970. He was appointed Secretary of State for Trade in 1978, and, in opposition following the election of Margaret Thatcher, he served as spokesman on economic and industrial issues. Considered by many to be a moderate, his politics were more to the centre than his more left-wing predecessors." ]

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[ "The 14th Dalai Lama (Religious name: Tenzin Gyatso, shortened from Jetsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso, born Lhamo Dondrub, [2] 6 July 1935) is the 14th and current Dalai Lama . Dalai Lamas are the most influential figure in the Gelugpa sect of Tibetan Buddhism , although the 14th has controversially consolidated control over the other sects in recent years. He is also well known for his political activities relating to the Tibetan independence movement , although he has recently moderated his stance. Tibetans traditionally believe him to be the reincarnation of his predecessors and a manifestation of the Buddha of Compassion .", "Tenzin Gyatso is better known these days as the 14th Dalai Lama, a great spiritual leader who travels the world advocating for the Tibetan people and teaching about compassion as the source of happiness in life. But it was not always thus—Gyatso was once a bored student who found it hard to get motivated. “Only in the face of a difficult challenge or an urgent deadline would I study and work without laziness,” he recalls. He has learned his lesson since: “You must not procrastinate,” he now teaches. “Rather you should make preparations so that even if you die tonight, you would have no regrets.”", "Jetsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso (born Lhamo Döndrub) ( Tibetan : ལྷ་མོ་དོན་འགྲུབ་;  Wylie : Lha-mo Don-'grub; ( simplified Chinese : 拉莫顿珠;  traditional Chinese : 拉莫頓珠;  pinyin : Lāmò Dùnzhū) (born 6 July 1935 in Taktser , Qinghai [1] ) is the 14th Dalai Lama , a spiritual leader revered among the people of Tibet . [2] He is the head of the government-in-exile based in Dharamshala , India. [3] Tibetans traditionally believe him to be the reincarnation of his predecessors.", "His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, describes himself as a simple Buddhist monk. He is the spiritual leader of Tibet. He was born on 6 July 1935, to a farming family, in a small hamlet located in Taktser, Amdo, northeastern Tibet. At the very young age of two, the child who was named Lhamo Dhondup at that time, was recognized as the reincarnation of the previous 13th Dalai Lama, Thubten Gyatso.", "The 14th Dalai Lama, born Tenzin Gyatso, 1935, was installed in 1940. He remained in Tibet from the Chinese takeover in 1950 until 1959, when he fled to India following an abortive Tibetan revolt against Chinese Communist rule. He established a Tibetan government - in - exile in Dharmsala, India, and has worked to preserve Tibetan arts, scriptures, and medicine. In 1989 he was warded the Nobel Peace Prize for his nonviolent struggle to end Chinese domination of his homeland.", "On 22 February 1940, Lhamo was officially proclaimed the 14th Dalai Lama. He became an official monk and was then given a new name: Jetsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso, or simply “Tenzin Gyatso.” They shaved his head, and he soon started learning Buddhist precepts.", "Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama, who describes himself as “nothing more than a simple Buddhist monk”, is the second Templeton Prize laureate to have also won the Nobel Peace Prize. The other recipient of both awards was Mother Teresa...", "The Dalai Lama was born / birth in Tibet on the 6th of July 1935. His real name is Tenzin Gyatso. He is the leader / leading of Tibet’s Buddhists but he lives in India, where thousands of his followers visitors / visit him. He is the world's most famous Buddhist monk. He campaigns for freedom in Tibet and", "The offical website for The Office of His Holiness the Dalai Lama. His Holiness the Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, is the spiritual leader of Tibet", "        Tibetan Buddhists hold the Dalai Lama to be one of the incarnations of Avalokiteœvara, the bodhisattva of compassion. The 14th ‘Dalai Lama’, Tenzin Gyatso, soon after China’s invasion of Tibet, fled to India and now lives in exile in Dharmasala, India. He is the recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize for his non-violent struggle for the liberation of Tibet, and he describes himself as “a simple Buddhist Monk”", "The 14th Dalai Lama, the exiled spiritual leader of Tibet, Tenzin Gyatso was by the US Senate the highest US civilian honour—the Congressional Gold Medal. The Dalai Lama was selected in recognition of his enduring and outstanding contribution to peace, non-violence and human rights. Established Government-in-exile at Dharamshala (Himachal Pradesh) in 1959. Recipient of 1989 Nobel Peace Prize for his non-violent struggle to free his Himalayan nation from Chinese rule. Also won the 1997 Paulos Mar Gregorious Award. In 2012, the Dalai Lama was awarded the Templeton Prize. He later donated the entire prize money to an Indian charity. Save the Children. Has authored My Land and People, Freedom in Exile, etc.", "1 Hicks, Roger and Ngakpa Chogyam. Great Ocean: An Authorised Biography of the Buddhist Monk Tenzin Gyatso, His Holiness the Fourteenth Dalai Lama. Longmead, England: Element Books, Ltd., 1984. A readable biography of this fascinating life with appendices. p. 36.", "Meanwhile, a new incarnation of the Dalai Lama was discovered in Amdo, part of Chinese \"Inner Tibet.\" Tenzin Gyatso, the current incarnation, was brought to Lhasa as a two-year-old in 1937, and was enthroned as the leader of Tibet in 1950, at 15.", "According to Mullin, despite living through such violent times Kelzang Gyatso was perhaps 'the most spiritually learned and accomplished of any Dalai Lama', his written works comprising several hundred titles including 'some of Tibet's finest spiritual literary achievements'. In addition, despite his apparent lack of zeal in politics Kelzang Gyatso is credited with establishing in 1751 the reformed government of Tibet headed by the Dalai Lama, which continued over 200 years until the 1950s, and then in exile. Construction of the Norbulingka, the 'Summer Palace' of the Dalai Lamas in Lhasa was also started during Kelzang Gyatso's reign. ", "Whether he chose it or not, Tenzing was now a world celebrity. He received many honors and was feted, among others, by world leaders and heads of state. (The Nehru family came to visit him in Darjeeling, and there is a picture of them in his home -- three generations that include one sitting prime minister and three future prime ministers.) He was invited everywhere and did much travelling. He became the first Field Director of the newly-established Himalayan Mountaineering Institute, a post that he held for 22 years. He named the large house in Darjeeling \"Ghang La\", a family name with particular significance because of its association with his birth.", "He is a practising member of the Gelug School of Tibetan Buddhism and is influential as a Nobel Peace Prize laureate, as the world's most famous Buddhist monk, and is leader of the exiled Tibetan government in India.", "Nepalese Sherpa mountaineer Namgyal Wangdi aka Tenzing Norgay was one of the first two individuals, besides Sir Edmund Hillary, to have reached the summit of Mount Everest on 29 May 1953. Besides Hillary, he was also named as one of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century by Time. He was born and brought up in Khumbu in northeastern Nepal, and went to Nepal as a child to work for a Sherpa family. Norgay was originally born with the name “Namgyal Wangdi” but his name was changed to Tenzing Norgay on the advice of the head lama. His new name stands for “wealthy-fortunate-follower-of-religion”. Tenzing received the George Medal from Queen Elizabeth II for his efforts on the successful expedition of first Mount Everest. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan by the Government of India in 1959 and Order of the Star of Nepal by King Tribhuvan of Nepal in 1953.", "Dalai Lama is the title of the religious leader of Tibetan Buddhism, who was also, until 1959, temporal ruler of Tibet. Each Dalai Lama is believed to be the reincarnation of his predecessor. When one dies, the new incarnation is sought among newly born boys; the child is identified by his ability to pick out possessions of the former Dalai Lama from a group of similar objects. The Dalai Lama is also regarded as an emanation of the Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara, the Lord of Compassion.", "The Tibetan Book of the Dead is the most famous Buddhist text in the West, having sold more than a million copies since it was first published in English in 1927. Carl Jung wrote a commentary on it, Timothy Leary redesigned it as a guidebook for an acid trip, and the Beatles quoted Leary's version in their song \"Tomorrow Never Knows.\" More recently, the book has been adopted by the hospice movement, enshrined by Penguin Classics, and made into an audiobook read by Richard Gere. Yet, as acclaimed writer and scholar of Buddhism Donald Lopez writes, \"The Tibetan Book of the Dead is not really Tibetan, it is not really a book, and it is not really about death.\" In this compelling introduction and short history, Lopez tells the strange story of how a relatively obscure and malleable collection of Buddhist texts of uncertain origin came to be so revered--and so misunderstood--in the West.", "The Dalai Lama has received numerous awards over his spiritual and political career. [91] He was a laureate for community leadership in 1959 Ramon Magsaysay Awards , Asia's version of Nobel Prize . [92] On 22 June 2006, he became one of only five people ever to be recognised with Honorary Citizenship by the Governor General of Canada . On 28 May 2005, he received the Christmas Humphreys Award from the Buddhist Society in the United Kingdom.", "The majority of Bhutan's Buddhists are followers of the Drukpa sub-sect of the Kargyupa School, one of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism. The Kargyupa literally means a concept tying the realization of emptiness to freedom from reincarnation. This school is a combination of the Theravada (monastic), Mahayana (messianic), and Tantrayana (apocalyptic or esoteric techniques of meditation and a repertoire of sacred icons, phrases, gestures, and rituals that easily lend themselves to practical interpretation) forms of Buddhism. Tibetan Buddhism holds that salvation can be achieved through the intercession of compassionate bodhisattvas (enlightened ones or deities which occupy the center of a richly polytheistic universe of subordinate deities) who have delayed their own entry into a state of nibbana, or nirvana, enlightenment and selfless bliss, to save others. Emphasis is put on the doctrine of the cosmic Buddha, of whom the historical Buddha - Siddhartha Gautama (563 BC- 483 B.C) is only one of the many manifestations.", "Since his first visit to the west in the early 1970s, His Holiness' reputation as a scholar and man of peace has grown steadily. In recent years, a number of western universities and institutions have conferred Peace Awards and honorary Doctorate Degrees upon His Holiness in recognition of his distinguished writings in Buddhist philosophy and of his distinguished leadership in the service of freedom and peace.", "On 28 May 2005, the Dalai Lama received the Christmas Humphreys Award from the Buddhist Society in the United Kingdom. On 22 June 2006, he became one of only six people ever to be recognised with Honorary Citizenship by the Governor General of Canada. In February 2007, the Dalai Lama was named Presidential Distinguished Professor at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia; it was the first time that he accepted a university appointment. ", "In 1959, at the age of 23, he took his final examination at Lhasa ‘s Jokhang Temple during the annual Monlam or Prayer Festival. He passed with honours and was awarded the Lharampa degree , the highest-level geshe degree, roughly equivalent to a doctorate in Buddhist philosophy . [35] [36]", "A world-renowned authority on the inner science of Buddhism, Robert A. F. Thurman, Ph.D., is Professor of Indo-Tibetan Buddhist Studies at Columbia University. He co-founded and is the president of Tibet House New York, a non-profit dedicated to preserving and promoting Tibetan culture, and President of the American Institute of Buddhist Studies. The New York Times recently hailed him as \"the leading American expert on Tibetan Buddhism.\" He is a riveting speaker and an author of many books on Tibet, Buddhism, art, politics and culture, including Circling the Sacred Mountain, Essential Tibetan Buddhism, The Tibetan Book of the Dead, Wisdom and Compassion: The Sacred Art of Tibet, Infinite Life: Seven Virtues for Living Well, Inner Revolution, The Jewel Tree of Tibet and, most recently, Why the Dalai Lama Matters.", "In Central Asian Buddhist countries, it has been widely believed for the last millennium that Avalokiteśvara, the bodhisattva of compassion, has a special relationship with the people of Tibet and intervenes in their fate by incarnating as benevolent rulers and teachers such as the Dalai Lamas. This is according to The Book of Kadam, the main text of the Kadampa school, to which the First Dalai Lama, Gendun Drup, first belonged. ", "It follows from all these features that the current, Fourteenth Dalai Lama�s constant professions of faith in the fundamentals of western democracy remain empty phrases for as long as he continues to place the Kalachakra Tantra and the Shambhala myth at the center of his ritual existence. The objection commonly produced by lamas and western Buddhists, that Shambhala concerns a metaphysical and not a worldly institution, does not hold water. We know, namely, from history that both traditional Tibetan and Mongolian society cultivated the Shambhala myth without at any stage drawing a distinction between a worldly and a metaphysical aspect in this matter. In both countries, everything which the Buddhocratic head of state decided was holy per se.", "The Dalai Lama has used his influence to rally for the support of nations for years. While he knows that he is fighting for justice, he is well aware of how dirty politics can be. But as long as he is there to cast light to his people, they will never get lost. In spite of what he has accomplished, he still humbly thinks of himself as a “simple monk.” Apparently, humility is another virtue he has also mastered.", "It is not possible to travel far in Bhutan without seeing images of a man wearing a tall elaborate hat and with eyes that are open wide and staring forward into space. This is the great 8th century sage of Vajrayana Buddhism, Padmasambhava or Guru Rinpoche as he often called. According to legend, Padmasambhava was reincarnated into a lotus blossom as an eight year old child, and from very young he possessed great wisdom and insight. Furthermore, he had mastery of the elements and so like a potter manipulating basic clay and turning it into beautiful pots, he was able to transform harmful action and substances into something positive and beneficial.", "The Dalai Lama has conducted numerous public initiations in the Kalachakra , and is the author of many books , including books on the topic of Dzogchen , a practice in which he is accomplished. His teaching activities in the U.S. include the following:", "The Dalai Lama has received numerous awards over his spiritual and political career. In 1959, he received the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Community Leadership. ", "Some westerners have been fascinated with the idea of Shambhala, often based on fragmentary accounts from the Kalachakra tradition. Tibet and its ancient traditions were largely unknown to westerners until the twentieth century; whatever little information westerners received was haphazard at best. " ]

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[ "Hồ Chí Minh (; Central Vietnamese pronunciation:, Southern Vietnamese pronunciation:; 19 May 1890 – 2 September 1969; Chữ nôm: 胡志明), born Nguyễn Sinh Cung, also known as Nguyễn Tất Thành and Nguyễn Ái Quốc, was a Vietnamese Communist revolutionary leader who was prime minister (1945–55) and president (1945–69) of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam). He was a key figure in the foundation of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in 1945, as well as the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Việt Cộng (NLF or VC) during the Vietnam War.", "Hồ Chí Minh, also known as Nguyễn Tất Thành and Nguyễn Ái Quốc, was prime minister from 1945–55 and president from 1945–69 of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. He was a main figure in the foundation of the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Việt Cộng (NLF or VC) during the Vietnam War. He stepped down from power in 1965 because of health problems, but he remained a figurehead and inspiration until his death. After the war, Saigon, the former capital of the Republic of Vietnam, was renamed Hồ Chí Minh City.", ", 1890–1969, Vietnamese nationalist leader, president of North Vietnam (1954–69), and one of the most influential political leaders of the 20th cent. His given name was Nguyen That Thanh. In 1911 he left Vietnam, working aboard a French liner.", "Since approximately 70 percent of all Vietnamese people have the surname Nguyễn, notable people with this surname run the gamut of Vietnamese society. They range from heads of state (Nguyễn lords, Nguyễn Dynasty, Nguyễn Văn Thiệu, Nguyễn Minh Triết), poets (Nguyễn Trãi, Nguyễn Du, Nguyễn Đình Chiểu), Catholic clergymen (Nguyễn Văn Thuận), writers, scientists, composers, actors (Dustin Nguyen), professional poker players (Scotty Nguyen), former professional American football player Dat Nguyen to executed criminals (Nguyễn Tường Vân). Hồ Chí Minh was born Nguyễn Sinh Cung and used various names with the surname Nguyễn throughout his career (Nguyễn Tất Thành, Nguyễn Ái Quốc) and was not known as Hồ Chí Minh until late in his career.", "Ho left Vietnam and worked on a ship as a cook in the US, Britain, and France. Then he moved to Paris in 1917, under the pseudonym Nguyễn Ái Quốc, which means, Nguyen the patriot.", " He was little known until his installation as the president of the National United Front for National Salvation by the Vietnamese in whose name the Vietnamese used to justified its invasion of Cambodia in December 1978.", "In 1790, the founder of the Nguyen Dynasty which ruled Vietnam into the 20th century built a defensive citadel in what is now downtown Saigon, not far from where Chinese immigrants had set up shop in an area that would be known as Cholon (Big Market). But it wasnt until French colonists declared Saigon the capital of their protectorate of Cochinchina in 1861 that the city really began to flourish and expand.", "Located on the Perfume River in the centre of the country, Hue was the imperial capital of the Nguyen dynasty, a feudal dynasty who dominated much of southern Vietnam between the 17th and 19th centuries. One of the most significant cultural and historic centers of Vietnam, the former imperial city of Hue is celebrated for its tradition of intellectual thought, Buddhist piety, and sophistication of its cuisine. The city is also famous as the site of a major battle during the Vietnamese War, evidence of which is clearly visible from the pock marks that scar many of the buildings.", "Ho Chi Minh was born in Hoang Tru Village, French Indochina (now Vietnam ) on May 19, 1890. His birth name was Nguyen Sinh Cung; throughout his life, he went by many pseudonyms including \"Ho Chi Minh,\" or \"Bringer of Light.\" Indeed, he may have used more than fifty different names during his lifetime, according to biographer William Duiker.", "Nguyen Tat Thanh also heard about Wilsonian ideals such as self-determination. He did not realize that President Woodrow Wilson was a committed racist who had re-segregated the White House, and who believed that self-determination should apply only to the \"white\" peoples of Europe.", "Born in 1949, he was imprisoned from 1971-73 by the US-backed South Vietnamese government when he served as a communist fighter for the north during the Vietnam War. It ended in 1975 when the north seized control of the former southern capital, Saigon, reunifying the country.", "Hồ Ch� Minh listen (help�info) (May 19, 1890 � September 2, 1969) was a Vietnamese revolutionary, statesman, who later became Prime Minister (1946�1955) and President (1946�1969) of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Ho is most famous for leading the Viet Minh independence movement from 1941 onward, establishing the communist-governed Democratic Republic of Vietnam in 1945 and defeating the French Union in 1954 at Dien Bien Phu and leading the North Vietnamese forces in the Vietnam War in the critical role in eventual North Vietnamese total control over Vietnam. For instance the city Ho Chi Minh City (formerly Saigon) is named after him. Early life Ho Chi Minh (Bac Ho), was born, as Nguyễn Sinh Cung, in 1890 in Ho�ng Tr� Village, his mother's hometown. From 1895, he gre...", "is a celebrated Vietnamese poet who wrote in Chữ Nôm, the ancient writing script of Việt Nam. He is most known for writing the epic poem The Tale of Kiều.", "Ho Chi Minh City (;), formerly named and still also referred to as Saigon (;), is the largest city in Vietnam. It was once known as Prey Nokor, an important Khmer seaport prior to annexation by the Vietnamese in the 17th century. Under the name Saigon, it was the capital of the French colony of Cochinchina and later of the independent republic of South Vietnam 1955–75. On 2 July 1976, Saigon merged with the surrounding Gia Định Province and was officially renamed Ho Chi Minh City after revolutionary leader Hồ Chí Minh (although the name ' is still unofficially widely used). ", "He is famous for arguably pioneering the \"hit and run\" warfare. Trần Hưng Đạo was a master of strategic geographical war fighting, applying advantageous landscapes to stage battles in places such as dense forests or on waterfronts where enemy cavalry were mostly ineffective.", "Nguyen van Phred (2/16/72) – \"Phred\" for short. The Viet Cong \"terrorist\" who became friends with B.D. when B.D. was deployed to Vietnam and got lost and captured by Phred while out on patrol; later Vietnamese delegate to the United Nations , last seen working for Nike in Vietnam.", "Because of staying nearly 30 years in exile, Ho could speak fluently, as well as read and write professionally, in French, English, Russian, Cantonese and Mandarin in addition to his mother tongue Vietnamese. In 1920s, he was bureau chief / editor of many newspapers which he established to criticize French Colonial Government of Indochina and serving communism propaganda purposes. Examples are Le Paria (The Pariah) first published in Paris 1922 or Thanh Nien (Youth) first published on 21 June 1925 (21 June was named by The Socialist Republic of Vietnam Government as Vietnam Revolutionary Journalism Day). In many state official visits to Soviet Union and China, he often talked directly to their communist leaders without interpreters especially about top secret information. While being interviewed by Western journalists, he used French. His Vietnamese had a strong accent of central province Nghệ An – his birthplace, but could be widely understood through the country.", "Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnamese: Thành Phố Hồ Chí Minh), commonly known as Saigon (Vietnamese: Sài Gòn) or by the abbreviations HCMC or HCM, is the largest city in Vietnam and the former capital of the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam).", "\"It has just been revealed that Thuy used to earn a living as a sorcerer [...] he travelled around the country selling magical charms, spells and cures, and spreading Communist propaganda at the same time. This information was volunteered by a Vietcong colonel who recently came over to the South Vietnam Government side. He said they Thuy, being an atheist, clearly did not believe in his own magical powers, but had used sorcery purely as a cover for his political work.\" [20]", "Phan Thi Kim Phuc, (born 1963) is a Vietnamese-Canadian best known as the child subject of a Pulitzer Prize winning photograph taken during the Vietnam War on June 8, 1972. The iconic photo taken in Trang Bang by AP photographer Nick Ut shows her at about nine years of age running naked on a road after being severely burned on her back by a South Vietnamese napalm attack. [Source: Wikipedia ]", "The ao dai has always been more common in the South than in the North. The communists, who gained power in the North in 1954 and in the South in the 1975, had conflicted feelings about the ao dai. They praised it as a national costume and one was worn to the Paris Peace Conference (1968–73) by Vietcong negotiator Nguyễn Thị Bình. Yet Westernized versions of the dress and those associated with \"decadent\" Saigon of the 1960s and early 1970s were condemned. Economic crisis, famine, and war with Cambodia combined to make the 1980s a fashion low point. The ao dai was rarely worn except at weddings and other formal occasions, with the older, looser-fitting style preferred. Overseas Vietnamese, meanwhile, kept tradition alive with \"Miss Ao Dai\" pageants (Hoa Hậu Áo Dài), the most notable one held annually in Long Beach, California.", "The name of Kaing Guek Eav is, arguably, known by even fewer people, at least outside of Cambodia . Instead it is by his revolutionary pseudonym \"Duch\" that Kaing is usually referred to in the press. Duch is the only man ever to stand trial in a UN-sanctioned court for the mass murder perpetrated by the Cambodian communist party, or the Khmer Rouge, in the late 1970s. His trial on charges of crimes against humanity, grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions, and homicide and torture concerning thousands of victims, drew to a close in November. Justice has taken more than 30 years, but a verdict and sentence are expected sometime in the next few weeks.", "Ta Mok, meaning “grandfather” Mok, is an alias for one of the most notorious Khmer Rouge military commanders, Chhit Choeun. Ta Mok is also known as “the butcher” for his role in the violent political purges during the Khmer Rouge rule between 1975-1978 when he served as the party secretary-general of the southwestern zone.", "Ho Chi Minh died in 1969, before he could see his dreams of a unified Vietnam come true. But Uncle Ho, as hes known, remains an enigmatic figure in Vietnam today.", "*Professionals and intellectuals—in practice this included almost everyone with an education, people who understood a foreign language and even people who required glasses. Ironically and hypocritically, Pol Pot himself was a university-educated man (albeit a drop-out) with a taste for French literature and was also a fluent French speaker. Many artists, including musicians, writers and film makers were executed. Some like Ros Sereysothea, Pan Ron and Sinn Sisamouth gained posthumous fame for their talents and are still popular with Khmers today.", "IIAS new publications Urban métissage in 1920s Saigon – or the origins of Vietnam’s public culture of contestation Philippe Peycam", "Thomas trained to serve with Armed Forces Radio and Television at Fort Knox, but arrived in Vietnam on the second day of the 1968 Tet Offensive. Because the military emergency was considered so devastating, he was immediately reassigned as a helicopter door-gunner. Eight months later he was allowed to return to his original posting with AFVN as a television production specialist. After his discharge from the military Thomas returned to Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia as a journalist and photographer with the hope that the efforts made by the journalists covering the war would help bring about a change in the American government’s position. The experience there changed him forever.", "The most recent award of the Medal of Honor was in 1984 to the Unknown of the Vietnam War.", "Note: A commercial, industrial, and transportation hub of Southeast Asia , Saigon enjoyed rapid growth and cultural prestige as the capital of French Indochina .", "Phal Prunh is reportedly dead. Toat Theuan was transferred to Phnom Penh after the disclosure of the Chhoeu Khmao activities. He is now a Major General at the Ministry of Defense in Phnom Penh.", "Over the course of his career, David has been an on air reporter at NBC, ABC, CBS, and CNBC where he has received accolades for his courageous reporting tactics. In 1963, David opened the first Saigon News Bureau for NBC, and served as a network correspondent and cameraman during the Vietnam War.", "There are many things traditional to Vietnam yet deeply impress people from all over the world. Ao dai is one of them." ]

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