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[ "December 10, 1950 - Dr. Ralph Bunche became the first African American man awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, for his efforts in mediation between Israel and nearby Arab states the previous year.", "1950 – Dr. Ralph Bunche receives the Nobel Peace Prize for his work as a mediator in the Palestine crisis. He is the first Black to be so honored.", "Dr. Ralph J. Bunche (pictured) achieved a few firsts as an African American, but none may be more more notable than the political scientist and academic winning the Nobel Peace Prize in 1950. Becoming the first Black person to win the coveted award, Dr. Bunche maintained a dignified stance despite the rampant segregation he and others like him faced.", "For his efforts, Bunche was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, becoming the first Black man and person of color to win the award. Bunche’s legendary work caught the attention of then-President Harry Truman, who wanted the mediator to join his cabinet as the assistant Secretary of State.", "Sir (William) Arthur Lewis was a Saint Lucian economist well known for his contributions in the field of economic development. In 1979 he won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics, becoming the first black person to win a Nobel Prize in a category other than peace. [WIKIPEDIA]", "1903-1971 - Ralph Bunche - Political scientist & diplomat. Mediated in Palestine. First person of color to receive Nobel Prize.", "Ralph J. Bunche 1st Black To Win Nobel Prize On This Day In 1950 | News One", "Ralph Johnson Bunche was an American political scientist, academic, and diplomat who received the 1950 Nobel Peace Prize for his late 1940s mediation inIsrael.He was the first African American and the first American person of color to be so honored in the history of the prize. He was involved in the formation and administration of the United Nations. In 1963, he was awarded the Medal of Freedom by President John F. Kennedy. For more than two decades, Bunche served as chair of the Department of Political Science at Howard University (1928 to 1950), where he also taught generations of students. He served as a member of the Board of Overseers of his alma mater Harvard University (1960–1965), as a member of the board of the Institute of International Education, and as a trustee of Oberlin College, Lincoln University, and New Lincoln School.", "Ralph Bunche Died at 68 (1903-1971) Ralph Johnson Bunche was an American political scientist, academic, and diplomat who received the 1950 Nobel Peace Prize for his late 1940s mediation in Israel. He was the first African American and", "In 1964, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) accepts his Nobel Peace Prize. Four black girls walking down stairs in the Birmingham, Alabama 16th Street Baptist Church are killed by a bomb set by the Ku Klux Klan. Annie Lee Cooper attempts to register to vote in Selma, Alabama but is prevented by the white registrar. King meets with President Lyndon B. Johnson and asks for federal legislation to allow black citizens to register to vote unencumbered. Johnson says he has more important projects.", "Nelson Mandela (born Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela on July 18, 1918) was the first South African president to be elected in a fully representative democratic election. Sentenced to life imprisonment in 1964, Nelson came to symbolize black political aspirations and was named head of the ANC after his release on Feb. 11, 1990. He and F. W. de Klerk shared the Nobel Peace Prize for negotiating South Africa’s peaceful transition to multiracial democracy. After the ANC victory in the April 1994 elections, Mandela worked to ease racial tensions, court foreign investment, and provide services to the victims of apartheid. On Dec. 5, 2013, after a long battle with a lung infection, Mandela died at the age of 95.", "Over the years, Africa has had its fair share of award recipients, notably Nelson Mandela and Frederik Willem de Klerk who were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace prize in 2003. Former UN Secretary General, Kofi Annan won the prize in 2001, while Kenyan environmental activist Wangari Maathai received the award in 2004. Other prominent Africans who have won this prestigious award include Archbishop Desmond Tutu (1984) and Albert Sisulu (1960).", "October 14, 1964 - Civil Rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr., became the youngest recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize. He donated the $54,000 in prize money to the Civil Rights movement.", "When he was awarded the 1960 Nobel Peace Prize for his role in the non-violent struggle against apartheid, he was the first African, and the first person from outside Europe and the Americas, to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.", "In 2002, President Carter received the Nobel Peace Prize for his work \"to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development\" through The Carter Center. Three sitting presidents, Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, and Barack Obama, have received the prize; Carter is unique in receiving the award for his actions after leaving the presidency. He is, along with Martin Luther King Jr., one of only two native Georgians to receive the Nobel. ", "Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-1968) was a Baptist minister and social activist who played a key role in the American civil rights movement from the mid-1950s until his assassination in 1968. Inspired by advocates of nonviolence such as Mahatma Gandhi, King sought equality for African Americans, the economically disadvantaged and victims of injustice through peaceful protest. He was the driving force behind watershed events such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the March on Washington, which helped bring about such landmark legislation as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. King was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 and is remembered each year on Martin Luther King Jr. Day, a U.S. federal holiday since 1986.", "The Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded to a South African once before, in 1960 when it was awarded to the former president of the African National Congress, Albert Lutuli . This year's award should be seen as a renewed recognition of the courage and heroism shown by black South Africans in their use of peaceful methods in the struggle against apartheid. This recognition is also directed to all who, throughout the world, use such methods to stand in the vanguard of the campaign for racial equality as a human right.", "He is also the 12th American to receive the peace Prize. The first, in 1950, was Dr. Ralph J. Bunche, Under Secretary of the United Nations. In 1960 the former leader of the African National Congress in South Africa, Chief Albert Luthuli, received the award.", "1964-Martin Luther King Jr. won the Nobel Peace Prize as the \"first person in the Western world to have shown us that a struggle can be waged without violence.\"", "On this day in 1929, Martin Luther King Jr. was born in Atlanta, Georgia. After graduating from Morehouse College, King entered the post-graduate-theological program at Boston University. It was there that he was introduced to the non-violent studies of Mohandas K. Ghandi.  While in Boston he met Coretta Scott. The couple returned to Atlanta, where King would accepted the pastorate of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama.  In 1955 Rosa Parks was arrested and the Montgomery Bus Boycotts were soon underway, with 26 year-old Martin Luther King Jr. as its spokesperson. King formed the SCLC, guided by his doctrine of nonviolent civil disobedience and his unparalleled oratory skills. In 1964 he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Harassed throughout his adult life by police, Klansmen, street thugs, and the FBI, King was stabbed, beaten, jailed, shot at, and his home was bombed. King never relented, and was unfortunately assassinated in 1968", "Mr Mandela, who had been awarded the Nobel Prize in 1993 jointly with Mr de Klerk, was elected South Africa's first black president. He served a single term, stepping down in 1999.", "King, born on January 15, 1929, was the movement’s most important figure — having led both the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and, at a seminal moment in the fight for racial justice, delivered his “I Have A Dream” speech in 1963 as part of the massive March on Washington. He’d become, in 1964, the youngest person to receive the Nobel Peace Prize. Honored for his work to end discrimination through nonviolent means, King’s work came to a shocking end when he was murdered by a lone gunman on April 4, 1968.", "Desmond Tutu, Jackie Robinson, Jesse Owens, Booker T. Washington, George Washington Carver, W. E. B. Du Bois, Harriet Tubman, Malcom X, Rosa Parks, Clarence Thomas, Condoleeza Rice, Carol Moseley Braun, Dred Scott, John Brown, Barack Obama, Haile Selassie.", "On October 14, 1964, King received the Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolent resistance. In 1965, he helped to organize the Selma to Montgomery marches, and the following year he and SCLC took the movement north to Chicago to work on segregated housing. In the final years of his life, King expanded his focus to include opposition towards poverty and the Vietnam War, alienating many of his liberal allies with a 1967 speech titled \"Beyond Vietnam\".", "Leading the African-American struggle for equality through nonviolent demonstrations was what earned King the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.", "The first African statesman to achieve world recognition was Kwame Nkrumah (1909-1972), who became president of the new Republic of Ghana in 1960. He campaigned ceaselessly for African solidarity and for the liberation of southern Africa from white settler rule. His greatest achievement was to win the right of black peoples in Africa to have a vote and to determine their own destiny.", "Kwame Nkrumah (21 September 1909 – 27 April 1972) was the first President of the first free nation in Africa, and a founding father of the Pan-Africanist movement.", "Following the announcement of King's Nobel win, the immediate question became how do you honor the black man who was now the city’s most important figure?", "The former statesman is revered across the world for his role in ending apartheid in South Africa. He became the first black president in the country’s first all-race elections in 1994.", "South Africa's most prominent civil rights leader and former president won the 1993 prize for his work to end the apartheid regime.", "South Africa's most prominent civil rights leader and former president won the 1993 prize for his work to end the apartheid regime Photo: REUTERS", "The former statesman is revered across the world for his role in ending apartheid in South Africa. He went on to become the first black president in the country's first multi-racial elections in 1994." ]

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[ "      Golf prides itself on being a sport for all ages, and around the world in 1998 the proof was there for everyone to see. American Mark O'Meara, age 41, became the oldest player ever to win two of the game's four major championships (the Masters , U.S. Open, British Open, and the U.S. Professional Golfers' Association of America [PGA] championship) in the same year; 58-year-old Jack Nicklaus shone again on the big stage; 53-year-old Hale Irwin set record winnings for a single tour; a 17-year-old amateur finished fourth in the British Open; and two 20-year-olds (a first-year professional and an amateur) fought out a play-off for the U.S. Women's Open championship.", "The Open has always been dominated by professionals, with only six victories by amateurs, all before 1930. The last of those was Bobby Jones ’s third Open, which was part of his celebrated Grand Slam (four major tournament victories in one calendar year). The popularization of golf in the mid-20th century produced a string of noteworthy Open champions, including England’s Sir Henry Cotton (winner in 1934, 1937, and 1948), South Africa’s Bobby Locke (1949–50, 1952, 1957), Australia’s Peter W. Thomson (1954–56, 1958, 1965), and the United States’ Arnold Palmer (1961–62) and Tom Watson (1975, 1977, 1980, 1982–83). Watson’s final win in 1983 ended an era of U.S. domination, during which American golfers won 12 times in 14 years. For the next 11 years there was only one American winner, with the Claret Jug going to Spain’s Seve Ballesteros , Australia’s Greg Norman , and England’s Nick Faldo, among others.", "Jack William Nicklaus (born January 21, 1940), nicknamed \"The Golden Bear\", is a retired American professional golfer. He is widely regarded as the greatest professional golfer of all time, winning a total of 18 career major championships, while producing 19 second-place and 9 third-place finishes in them, over a span of 25 years. Nicklaus focused on the major championships (Masters Tournament, U.S. Open, Open Championship, and PGA Championship), and played a selective schedule of regular PGA Tour events, yet still finished with 73 victories, third on the all-time list behind Sam Snead (82) and Tiger Woods (79).", "Jack William Nicklaus (born January 21, 1940), nicknamed \"The Golden Bear\", is a retired American professional golfer. He is widely regarded as the greatest golfer of all time, winning a total of 18 career major championships, while producing 19 second-place and 9 third-place finishes in them, over a span of 25 years. Nicklaus focused on the major championships (Masters Tournament, U.S. Open, Open Championship, and PGA Championship), and played a selective schedule of regular PGA Tour events, yet still finished with 73 victories, third on the all-time list behind Sam Snead (82) and Tiger Woods (79).", "      The achievements of one man would mean the year 2000 would always be remembered in golf. Eldrick (“Tiger”) Woods matched Ben Hogan's previously unique feat of winning three of the sport's four major championships in one season (1953). En route, he joined Hogan, Gene Sarazen, Gary Player, and Jack Nicklaus as the only players to record at least one victory in each of the four majors—the Masters, U.S. Open, British Open, and Professional Golfers' Association of America ( PGA ) championship—during their careers. At 24, Woods was also the youngest man to complete the set. It was not only the fact that Woods won the U.S. and British opens and the PGA championship that made it such an unforgettable summer, it was also the manner of his successes.", "Jones's four titles in the U.S. Open remain tied for the most ever in that championship, along with Willie Anderson, Ben Hogan, and Jack Nicklaus. His four second-place finishes in the U.S. Open also set a record, since tied by Sam Snead, Jack Nicklaus, and Phil Mickelson, until 2009 when Mickelson recorded his fifth second-place finish. His five titles in the U.S. Amateur are a record. Jones was ranked as the fourth greatest golfer of all time by Golf Digest magazine in 2000. Jack Nicklaus was first, Ben Hogan second, and Sam Snead third. Jones was ranked as the third greatest golfer of all time in a major survey published by Golf Magazine, September 2009. Jack Nicklaus was ranked first, and Tiger Woods was ranked second, with Ben Hogan fourth and Sam Snead fifth.", "The majors originally consisted of two British tournaments, The Open Championship and The Amateur Championship, and two American tournaments, the U.S. Open and the U.S. Amateur. With the introduction of the Masters Tournament in 1934, and the rise of professional golf in the late 1940s and 1950s, the term \"major championships\" eventually came to describe the Masters, the U.S. Open, the Open Championship, and the PGA Championship. It is difficult to determine when the definition changed to include the current four tournaments, although many trace it to Arnold Palmer's 1960 season. After winning the Masters and the U.S. Open to start the season, he remarked that if he could win the Open Championship and PGA Championship to finish the season, he would complete \"a grand slam of his own\" to rival Bobby Jones's 1930 feat. Until that time, many U.S. players such as Byron Nelson also considered the Western Open and the North and South Open as two of golf's \"majors,\" and the British PGA Matchplay Championship was as important to British and Commonwealth professionals as the PGA Championship was to Americans.", "Hogan remains the only golfer in history to win the Masters, U.S. Open, and British Open in the same calendar year (1953). His 14-under par at the 1953 Masters set a record that stood for 12 years, and he remains one of just nine golfers (Jack Nicklaus, Raymond Floyd, Ben Crenshaw, Tiger Woods, David Duval, Phil Mickelson, Charl Schwartzel and Jordan Spieth) to have recorded such a low score in the tournament. In 1967, at age 54, Hogan shot a record 30 on the back nine at the Masters; the record stood until 1992.", "The 1980's began with Seve Ballesteros becoming the first European to win the Masters and at 23 years old, the then youngest champion. Nicklaus however, continued his remarkable career with his fifth double-major year, winning his fourth US Open and fifth PGA title. Seve won his second Masters title in 1983 and the following season, he collected his second Open Championship when finishing two strokes ahead of Bernhard Langer and Tom Watson, who was attempting to equal Harry Vardon's record of six Open Championship successes.", "1: Adam Scott (US Masters 2013); Geoff Ogilvy (US Open 2006); Steve Elkington (US PGA 1995); Ian Baker-Finch (British Open 1991); Wayne Grady (US PGA 1990); Kel Nagle (British Open 1960); Jim Ferrier (US PGA 1947)", "Arnold Daniel Palmer is an American professional golfer, who is generally regarded as one of the greatest players in men's professional golf history. He has won numerous events on both the PGA Tour and Champions Tour, dating back to 1955. Nicknamed \"The King\", he is one of golf's most popular stars and its most important trailblazer, because he was the first superstar of the sport's television age, which began in the 1950s. Palmer's social impact on behalf of golf was perhaps unrivaled among fellow professionals; Palmer's humble background and plain-spoken popularity helped change the perception of golf as an elite, upper-class pastime to a more democratic sport accessible to middle and working classes. Palmer is part of \"The Big Three\" in golf, along with Jack Nicklaus and Gary Player, who are widely credited with popularizing and commercializing the sport around the world. Palmer won the PGA Tour Lifetime Achievement Award in 1998, and in 1974 was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame. ", "Palmer is also credited by many for securing the status of The Open Championship (British Open) among U.S. players. Before Ben Hogan won that championship in 1953, few American professionals had traveled to play in The Open, due to its travel requirements, relatively small prize purses, and the style of its links courses (radically different from most American courses). Palmer was convinced by his business partner Mark McCormack that success in the Open — to emulate the feats of Bobby Jones, Walter Hagen, Sam Snead and Hogan before him — would truly make him a global sporting star, not simply a leading American golfer. In particular, Palmer traveled to Scotland in 1960, having already won both the Masters and U.S. Open, to try to emulate Hogan's feat of 1953, of winning all three in a single year. He failed, losing out to Kel Nagle by a single shot, but his subsequent Open wins in the early 1960s convinced many American pros that a trip to Britain would be worth the effort, and certainly secured Palmer's popularity among British and European fans, not just American ones.", "Arnold Daniel Palmer (September 10, 1929 – September 25, 2016) was an American professional golfer, who is generally regarded as one of the greatest players in professional golf history. He won numerous events on both the PGA Tour and Champions Tour, dating back to 1955. Nicknamed “The King”, he was one of golf’s most popular stars and its most important trailblazer, because he was the first superstar of the sport’s television age, which began in the 1950s.", "Only five golfers have won all four of golf's modern Majors at any time during their career, an achievement which is often referred to as a Career Grand Slam: Gene Sarazen , Ben Hogan , Gary Player , Jack Nicklaus , and Tiger Woods . Both Woods and Nicklaus have three Career Grand Slams, having won each major at least three times.", "*He became the first golfer since Watson in 1982 to win the U.S. and British Opens in the same year", "Jack William Nicklaus (born January 21, 1940), nicknamed \"The Golden Bear\", is an American professional golfer. By winning a total of 18 career major championships while producing 19 second place and 9 third place finishes in major events on the PGA Tour over a span of 25 years, he is widely regarded as the most accomplished professional golfer of all time. Nicklaus did not play that many tournaments because he wanted to focus on the Majors, but is still second on the PGA-tournament winning list, with 73 victories.", "The Men's British Open has similarly been dominated by relatively few players: F.D. Amr Bey (Egypt) in the 1930s; Mahmoud Karim (Egypt) in the 1940s; brothers Hashim Khan and Azam Khan (Pakistan) in the 1950s and 1960s; Jonah Barrington (Great Britain and Ireland) and Geoff Hunt (Australia) in the 1960s and 1970s; Jahangir Khan (Pakistan) in the 1980s; Jansher Khan (Pakistan) in the 1990s, and recently, Jonathon Power (1998); Peter Nicol (1999), David Palmer (2002, 2006), and Thierry Lincou (2004). Amr Shabana is the most successful player after above have retired (2003,2005,2007,2009), and a younger Egyptian Ramy Ashourn (2008), and the first Englishman can the champions after Peter Nicol, who is the double world open champions-Nick Matthew (2010,2011)", "Arnold Palmer – 1960 Masters; 1960 U.S. Open, Cherry Hills. Palmer was 30 when he won his second major, the 1960 Masters. \"The King\" won the 1960 U.S. Open at Cherry Hills and then traveled the British Open at St. Andrews, hoping to match Hogan's 1953 feat of three consecutive majors and put him one step closer to winning the modern-day Grand Slam. He lost the British Open to Kel Nagle by a shot, although his good looks and swashbuckling style made him a favorite of European golf fans. Palmer won seven career majors and 62 events on the PGA TOUR. Like Snead, he was awarded the PGA TOUR Lifetime achievement award in 1998. His grandson, Sam Saunders, currently plays on the PGA TOUR.", "Palmer's exploits in the UK inspired a young Jack Nicklaus to compete at the Open Championship. The 18-time major champion is pictured here at St. Andrews' Old Course in 1978, when he would win his third and final Claret Jug. Both Nicklaus, dubbed the \"Golden Bear,\" and Arnold \"The King\" Palmer would exploit their on-course success with profitable clothing businesses off it.", "The record for the most wins by a single individual is four (including one tie) held by Sir Michael Bonallack and won between 1964 and 1971. The tournament has twice been won by players who would go on to win a men's major championship, Sandy Lyle who won in 1977 would go on to win The Open Championship and the Masters Tournament and Charl Schwartzel who won in 2002 would go on to win the Masters.", "6. Golf – which American won Five (British) Open Championship titles between 1975 and 1983? Ans. Tom Watson", "• Became the first ever to lead the U.S. Open twice (also in 2000) from start to finish without being tied at the end of any round. Four other players had done so once, Walter Hagen (1914), Jim Barnes (1921), Ben Hogan (1953) and Tony Jacklin (1970)", "Gary Player (1935-present) The most successful non-American golfer in history, this South African has won nine majors. When Player took his only U.S. Open crown in 1965, he not only became the first non-American to win that tournament in 45 years, but he also became one of three (now five) golfers (along with Nicklaus, Woods, Hogan, and Gene Sarazen) to win all four modern Grand Slam events. Nicknames include \"The Black Knight\" for his dress and \"Mr. Fitness\" for his devotion to exercise.", "In 1966 England was gripped by World Cup fever but in golf was in the vice-like grip of Jack Nicklaus, he won a third green jacket in an 18-hole play-off by two strokes from Tommy Jacobs and eight from Gay Brewer and then at a brutal Muirfield the “Golden Bearâ€? completed the career grand slam by winning The Open Championship by the", "• Became the first to win the U.S. Open, British Open and PGA Championship in the sameyear", "Samuel Jackson Snead (May 27, 1912 – May 23, 2002) was an American professional golfer who was one of the top players in the world for most of four decades. Snead won a record 82 PGA Tour events, including seven majors. He never won the U.S. Open, though he was runner-up four times.", "And from 1979-1988, Lyle was one of the top players in the game, on both sides of the Atlantic. He won the 1985 British Open , becoming the first Briton to win that title since 1969; he became the first European golfer to win the PGA Tour's Players Championship in 1987; and when he won the 1988 Masters he was the first British golfer to win that major.", "golf: champ: Masters [1949, 1952, 1954; British Open [1946]; PGA [1942, 1949, 1951]; died May 23, 2002", "* Only player to post a top-10 finish in at least one major championship in five different decades.", "*Note: For multiple winners of The Open Championship, superscript ordinal identifies which in their respective careers.", "* Note: For multiple winners of The Open Championship, superscript ordinal identifies which in their respective careers.", "• First player to win at least five events on PGA TOUR every year for five consecutive years" ]

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[ "Connors won five United States Open titles, and he is the only player to win this Grand Slam event on three different surfaces. He won two Wimbledons and one Australian Open. For five consecutive years in the 1970s, the left-handed dynamo was ranked No. 1 at the end of the year. He is the all-time leader in pro singles titles with 109 and matches won at the U.S. Open (98) and Wimbledon (84).", "He won his first title in 1974 and his last in 1983. Connors played in 22 U.S. Opens starting in 1970, and he played his last in 1992 as he turned 40.", "He won his first title in 1974 and his last in 1983. Connors played in 22 U.S. Opens starting in 1970 and he played his last in 1992 as he turned 40.", "Connors reached the final of the US Open in five straight years from 1974 through 1978, winning three times with each win being on a different surface (1974 on grass, 1976 on clay and 1978 on hard). … Read More", "8. JIMMY CONNORS: Arguably the greatest competitor of all-time, unquestionably the most enduring, James Scott Connors enjoyed an extraordinary career spanning three decades. Among his catalogue of highlights and achievements, he won eight majors from 14 finals, won more titles (109) and matches (1242) than any man in the modern era – at a staggering 82.4 per cent strike rate – and was world No.1 on nine different occasions for some 268 weeks, including five straight years from 1974-78. He spent a dozen years ensconced in the world’s top three and was a fixture in the top 10 for a phenomenal 16 consecutive seasons (1973-88). Connors was also the first man to win grand slam titles on three different surfaces – clay (when the US Open was contested on dirt in 1976), grass and hard courts. He finally signed off after the most emotion-charged encore in tennis history, a pulsating four-hour comeback victory over Aaron Krickstein in the 1991 US Open quarter-finals on his 39th birthday. The maverick American made almost as many headlines off the court, briefly engaged to Chris Evert before settling with playboy model Patti McGuire, with whom he had two children.", "Arguably one of the most successful tennis players of all time, Jimmy Connors won eight Grand Slam singles titles during an illustrious career.", "By virtue of his long and prolific career, Connors still holds three prominent Open Era singles records: 109 titles (the only man to win 100), 1535 matches played, and 1256 match wins. His titles include eight majors (five US Opens, two Wimbledons, and one Australian Open), three year-end championships, and 17 Grand Prix Super Series. In 1974, he became the second man in the Open Era to win three majors in a calendar year, and his total career match win rate of 81.8% remains in the top four of the era. He is the first male player to win 5 US Open titles, a record tied by Sampras and Federer.", "At 5-foot-10, Connors was smaller than the leading rivals of his era, but what he lacked in height he more than made up for with his intense will to win and one of the best returns in history. The California native claimed five U.S. Open titles, as well as two Wimbledon crowns together with a win on one of only two visits to the Australian Open. His peak was in the mid-1970s when he spent 159 straight weeks ranked at No. 1 in the world, but key to his legacy is his longevity. Indeed, it can be argued that Connors’s greatest achievement was reaching the semifinals of the U.S. Open in 1991 at the age of 39.", "Tennis couple: Connors, who won five U.S. Open Titles, and Evert, who won six, captured the nation's hearts when they dated in the seventies, especially after they both won the Wimbledon singles in 1974", "Tennis has had its share of electric performers, but none quite like Connors. He was fiery, controversial, outspoken, and utterly competitive. His play was every bit a tribute to the jazz-rock band Blood, Sweat & Tears, because that’s exactly what type of effort Connors put forth in each of the 1,532 matches he played. He won 1,254 of those, the best in history. “Tennis was never work for me, tennis was fun,” Connors often said.  “And the tougher the battle and the longer the match, the more fun I had.”", "A year later she won both those events during her then-record 55-consecutive-match winning streak, which included eight other tournament wins. She ended the year with a 100â7 match record, winning 16 tournaments including two Grand Slams, having been a finalist in her first Australian Open, and having for a fourth straight year reached the semifinals at the US Open. She was chosen as the year-end number one by the leading tennis experts and authorities of the day - except Bud Collins - over her closest rivals, King and Evonne Goolagong, each of whom had six titles including a Grand Slam (King the US Open and Goolagong the Australian Open).<br /><br /> Her fiancé at the time, Jimmy Connors, won the Wimbledon men's singles title that year and media attention surrounded the \"Love Match\" of tennis that summer. They partnered in the mixed doubles event at the 1974 US Open, finishing as runners-up. Their engagement was short-lived as it was called off later that year. However, their on-again off-again relationship continued over the next couple of years. Read Less", "Connors didn’t play a lot of doubles tournaments, but he did win 16 tournaments and two majors. He picked the right partner – equally entertaining and controversial Ilie Năstase – and the pair were finalists at the French Open in 1973 and won Wimbledon in 1973 and the US Open in 1975. He also advanced to the US Open Mixed Doubles final with Chris Evert, who he was briefly engaged to in 1974.", "The core of Connors’s career came from 1974 to 1978 when he won five major championships, appeared in six additional finals, and appeared in a record five-straight US Open finals (the first male player since Bill Tilden played in eight straight from 1918-25), winning titles in 1974, 1976, and 1978. In that memorable 1974 season, Connors was not just dominant, but unstoppable. He compiled a 93-4 record, won 15 tournaments, including three major championships. Officials in Paris denied Connors entry into the field at the French Open because of his association with World Team Tennis (WTT).  ", "Connors won 109 titles during his career, including two Wimbledon Men’s Singles titles, off the back of his fantastic array of shots, most notably his incredible backhand. He also distinguished himself by becoming the only player to win the U.S. Open on all three surfaces on which it has been played: grass, clay and the hard court. A contemporary of Björn Borg and John McEnroe, the 1970s and early 1980s were the heyday of Connors’ career. In 1974, he came close to grasping a Golden Grand Slam, managing to win three of the four Grand Slam tournaments; only the French Open alluded him that year, as it would for the duration of his career.", "In the open era, Connors is one of only six men to win three or more Grand Slam singles titles in a calendar year. Others include: Rod Laver who won the Grand Slam in 1969; Mats Wilander won the Australian, French and US Open in 1988; Roger Federer won the Australian, Wimbledon and US Open in 2004, 2006 and 2007; Rafael Nadal won the French, Wimbledon, and US Open in 2010; and Novak Djokovic won the Australian, Wimbledon, and US Open in 2011 and 2015.", "He had a 99â4 record that year and won 15 tournaments, including three of the four Grand Slam singles titles. The French Open did not allow Connors to participate due to his association with World Team Tennis (WTT). However, he won the Australian Open, defeating Phil Dent in four sets. He also beat Ken Rosewall in straight sets in the finals of both Wimbledon and the US Open. His exclusion from the French Open denied him the opportunity to become the first male player since Rod Laver to win all four Major singles titles in a calendar year. Read Less", "He had a 10–1 win–loss record against top-10 opponents and was undefeated in eight singles finals. He held the world number 1 ranking for the entire year and joined Jimmy Connors (1974–1978) as the only male players to hold the year-end world number 1 ranking for five consecutive years. His prize money earnings of US$6,498,211 for the year was a career high.", "Borg never won either the U.S. Open or the Australian Open , losing in the final at the U.S. Open four times. The only players to defeat Borg in a Grand Slam final were fellow World No. 1 tennis players John McEnroe and Jimmy Connors. Borg chose to play the Australian Open only once, in 1974, where he lost in the third round. Borg has stated publicly that he would have attempted to complete the calendar year Grand Slam and played in the Australian Open had he succeeded in winning the first three Grand Slam tournaments of the year, which he never did. (During Borg's career, the Australian Open was the last Grand Slam tournament of each year.)", "Connors defeated another of the next generation of tennis stars, Ivan Lendl, in the 1982 US Open final and soon regained the world No. 1 ranking. Connors has a tour record of 13–22 against Lendl, but Lendl is seven years younger than Connors and had a losing record against Connors until he won their last seventeen matches from 1984 through 1992, after Connors' prime. Head to head in major championship finals, Connors took both meetings, winning the 1982 and 1983 US Open.", "Bjorn Borg (1956–present). On both grass and clay in the late 1970s, resistance to Borg was futile; he won Wimbledon five straight years (1976–80) and the French Open six times, for a total of 11 majors. Borg got started at age nine, after his father won a tennis racket in a ping-pong tournament and gave it to him. He took his first French in 1974 and dominated through 1981, when John McEnroe finally knocked him off at Wimbledon. Borg then inexplicably retired at 26; he tried an unsuccessful comeback in the early 1990s. Despite his great success, Borg never won the U.S. Open (reaching the final four times). He played at the Australian Open only once, usually preferring to take the winter months off.", "1974/--/-- -1 - American tennis player Jimmy Connors wins the U.S. Open tournament for the first time.", "Jimmy Connors is the only player to have won on all three surfaces in all of US Open history.", "Although Connors lost a celebrated late-night match to Vilas, 4â6, 6â3, 5â7, he took the title by defeating Borg in the final, 6â4, 1â6, 6â4.<br /><br /> Connors had shining moments against John McEnroe and Ivan Lendl, both of whom rose to prominence after Connors peaked in the mid-1970s. He would continue to compete against much younger players and had one of the most remarkable comebacks for any athlete when he reached the semifinals of the 1991 US Open at the age of 39. Read Less", "It was at the 1981 Wimbledon semifinals that Jimmy Connors demonstrated that he was a still a force to be reckoned with, winning nine of the first ten games in a match with Borg that the Swede, the eventual winner, admitted he was \"lucky to survive.\" By the time 1983's Wimbledon rolled around, Connors was the reigning men's champion, having beaten McEnroe at 1982's Wimbledon in another of their classic matchups -- 3-6, 6-3, 6-, 7-6, 6-4. McEnroe was the No. 2 seed and Lendl was No. 3. But Connors was knocked out in the fourth round by the big service of South African Kevin Curren. McEnroe defeated Lendl -- who always had trouble on grass and had skipped Wimbledon altogether the year before for that very reason -- and then went on to win the trophy. In 1984 McEnroe and Connors battled it out again on Centre Court, with McEnroe winning decisively in straight sets -- 6-1, 6-1, 6-2.", "Winner (67): 1968 - Wimbledon ; 1969 - Pacific Southwest, South African Open, Natal, Dublin, Stockholm; 1970 - Rome, Sydney, Durban, London Indoors, VS Richmond; 1971 - US Open , San Francisco, Long Beach, Milwaukee, Oklahoma City, Chattanooga, US Indoors-Detroit, Boston, San Diego, Hamburg [German Open], Hoylake, Kitzbuhel, Houston, US Clay Courts, Louisville, Phoenix, London Indoors; 1972 - Roland Garros , US Open , Wimbledon , Phoenix, Richmond, Indianapolis, San Francisco, Tucson, Charlotte, Bristol; 1973 - Wimbledon , Phoenix, Indianapolis, Denver, Nottingham, VS Hawaii, Tokyo [Toray]; 1974 - US Open , San Francisco, Washington DC, Detroit, Akron, US Indoors-New York; 1975 - Wimbledon , Sarasota; 1977 - Lionel San Antonio, Phoenix, San Paulo, San Juan, Japan Invitational, London Indoors; 1979 - Tokyo Sillook, Stockholm; 1980 - Detroit, Houston, Tokyo Sillook; 1982 - Birmingham; 1983 - Birmingham.", "In 1970, he won the Australian Open. The next year, he won the French Open Doubles Championship with Marty Riessen. And, in 1975, he won the Wimbledon Singles Championship in England. Two times he was named the number one tennis player in the world.", "Jimmy Connors was considered almost unbeatable in 1975, especially on grass. He had beaten Ken Rosewall in the final of the 1974 Wimbledon 6-1, 6-1, 6-4 and had crushed Rosewall again in the final of the 1974 U.S. Open (then played on grass) 6-1, 6-0, 6-1.", "In 1968, the tournament became the first Grand Slam event to join the \"Open\" era, allowing professionals to join the championships. That allowed some incredible years in the following decades, including Bjorn Borg's impressive six victories between 1974 and 1981 (four of them consecutively). At the same time Borg was dominating the men's competition, Chris Evert was easing through the women's tournaments -- winning six titles, more than any other female player, all between 1974 and 1986.", "It was billed as the love match: Evert, the new queen of women's tennis, and Connors were an item when they both won 1974 singles titles. Evert would win twice more, in 1976 and 1981, in her celebrated career. (Getty Images)", "This former world No. 2 is probably most remembered for defeating Jimmy Connors at the 1977 US Open finals. However, there is a lot more to his career.", "There were two factors in particular which were unique about the 1974 Championships. The titles were won by an engaged couple, Jimmy Connors and Chris Evert, both of the United States, and in playing terms they attracted particular attention because both were double-fisted on the backhand side.", "Jimmy Connors won the men's doubles at Wimbledon in the 1970s with which partner: ilie nastase" ]

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[ "Super model Iman married David Bowie on June 6, 1992. They have one child. They're seen in this June 3, 2002 file photo. ", "Iman Mohamed Abdulmajid (, ; born 25 July 1955 ), mononymously known as Iman (\"faith\" in Arabic), is a Somali fashion model, actress and entrepreneur. A pioneer in the field of ethnic cosmetics, she is also noted for her philanthropic work. She is the widow of English rock musician David Bowie, whom she married in 1992. ", "Iman and David Bowie married in 1992 after knowing each other for two years. The pop star died of cancer on Jan. 10 in New York. He was 62 years old.", "Iman, age 61: Iman Mohamed Abdulmajid – known simply as “Iman” – is a Somalian supermodel-turned actress and entrepreneur. Designers such as Halston, Calvin Klein, Yves Saint Laurent, and Donna Karan have all credited her as being one of their muses. She was discovered by Peter Beard, an American photographer, while she was attending college in Kenya. As one of the most striking women in fashion history (thanks to her exotic accent, flawless skin, delicate features, and long Nefertiti-esque neck), she is also famous for her film work, humanitarian efforts, and long marriage to David Bowie (she was married twice before). Today, Iman manages her cosmetics company (Iman Cosmetics), which specializes in foundations for women with difficult-to-match skin tones. She is also involved in several charities including Keep A Child Alive and the Children’s Defense Fund. Iman ended a modeling contract with De Beers because her stance against blood diamonds was a conflict.", "In one of the most visible signs of his comfort on race, Bowie in 1992 married Somali-born supermodel Iman, a relationship that lasted until his death.", "Rock stars and models seem to be a common relationship combination, yet Iman and Bowie are arguably the most famous of such celebrity couples. The Somalian supermodel turned cosmetics mogul and the English rock musician wed in 1992. According to the BBC News, Iman has a tattoo of a Bowie knife on her ankle in honor of her husband. They have a daughter, Alexandria Zahra, born in 2000.", "British rock star David Bowie and Somali-born model Iman exchanged religious vows Saturday in a church in Florence, Italy.Guests at the service in San Giacomo Church included Yoko Ono, Bianca Jagger and society hair stylist Thierry Mugler.Bowie, 45, and his bride, 36, went through a civil ceremony in Lausanne, Switzerland, in April.Bowie was divorced from his first wife in 1980. Iman, one of the world's highest-paid models, was married for eight years to basketball star Spencer Haywood.She and multimillionaire Bowie each have a child from previous marriages.", "Bowie married his second wife, the Somali-born supermodel Iman, in Lausanne, Switzerland on 24 April 1992. They celebrated their marriage later that year in a civil ceremony at the Saint James' Church in Florence, Italy. Their daughter, Alexandria Zahra Jones (known as Lexi), was born 15 August 2000, and lives in Manhattan and London.", "Bowie toured the world in support of the Rykodisc box set Sound + Vision. This tour served as the long awaited and much anticipated greatest hits tour. On April 24, 1992, not far from his home in Switzerland, Bowie wed his second wife, the Somalian model, Iman. The following year brought the Virgin release Black Tie White Noise, which was informally called the wedding album in honor of his nuptials from the previous year. It marked the first solo Bowie record since 1987. Two years later, Bowie was once again collaborating with Eno, this time on Outside.", "An occasional actress, Iman first featured in the 1979 British film The Human Factor, and appeared in the 1985 Oscar-winning film Out of Africa alongside Robert Redford and Meryl Streep. She then portrayed Nina Beka in the 1987 thriller No Way Out with Kevin Costner, Hedy in the Michael Caine comedy Surrender the same year. During her maiden year in Hollywood in 1991, Iman worked on several successive film productions. Among these was the Tim Hunter-directed Lies of the Twins and Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country, where she played a shapeshifting alien. Iman also dabbled in some comedic roles, appearing in The Linguini Incident the same year opposite her then fiancé David Bowie. Additionally, she had smaller parts in the 1991 comedy House Party 2 and the 1994 comedy/romance film Exit to Eden. ", "In 1978, Iman married basketball star Spencer Haywood, with whom she had a daughter. She continued to model, but was sidelined for a time in 1983 after a taxi wreck. In 1987, she and Haywood divorced, but a custody battle over their daughter Zulekha, who lived with her father in Detroit, endured for six more years. In 1989, Iman quit modeling altogether. She was adamant about leaving the business permanently and not staging a comeback, as she told Bowie in 1994, \"because then there is no grace in it,\" she said in Interview. \"So, when I decided to leave, I made sure that there was no cushion for me to go back to in New York. I sold my apartment; I severed contacts there, except with my friends, so that I would never have the excuse that, when something went wrong, I could go back to that as a cushion. I think I made one of the best decisions I've ever made for myself.\"", "Supermodel Iman posts romantic beach snap with David Bowie just before what would have been his 70th birthday A special tribute ", "David was married to Iman Mohamed Abdul Majid. They married in Switzerland on April 24th 1992 at Lausanne registrar office with a civil ceremony.", "During her 14 years as a high fashion model, Iman also worked with many notable photographers, including Helmut Newton, Richard Avedon, Irving Penn and Annie Leibovitz.", "Cher; born Cherilyn Sarkisian; May 20, 1946) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, model, fashion designer, television host, comedian, dancer, businesswoman, philanthropist, author, film producer, director, and record producer. Described as embodying female autonomy in a male-dominated industry, she is known for her distinctive contralto singing voice and for having worked in various areas of entertainment, as well as adopting a variety of styles and appearances during her career, which has led to her being nicknamed the \"Goddess of Pop\".", "Mariah Carey (born March 27, 1970) is an American R&B singer, songwriter, record producer, and actress commonly dubbed as the \"Queen of Pop\". She made her recording debut in 1990 under the guidance of Columbia Records executive Tommy Mottola, and became the first recording artist to have her first five singles top the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart. Following her marriage to Mottola in 1993, a series of hit records established her position as Columbia's highest-selling act. According to Billboard magazine, she was the most successful artist of the 1990s in the United States.", "Retired model and business executive Iman Mohamed Abdulmajid was born on July 25, 1955, in Mogadishu, Somalia. Iman is sometimes described as her native land's most famous export.", "While still at university, Iman was discovered by American photographer Peter Beard, and subsequently moved to the United States to begin a modeling career. Her first modeling assignment was for Vogue a year later in 1976. She soon landed some of the most prestigious magazine covers, establishing herself as a supermodel.", "Imran Khan also fathered a child with American socialite Sita White during their brief relationship in the 1980s and early 1990s. Their love child – Tyiran White – was born on June 15, 1992, at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center.", "The 42-year-old Reham, a divorced mother of three, had secretly dated Imran, who was earlier married to Jemima Goldsmith, who most recently dated Russell Brand. Reham Khan's previous marriage with Ijaz Rehman ended after 15 years as the couple divorced in 2005. ( Getting Married is Not a Crime: Imran Khan )", "Mariah Carey (born March 27, 1970) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and actress. She made her recording debut in 1990 under the guidance of Columbia Records executive Tommy Mottola , and became the first recording artist to have her first five singles top the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart. Following her marriage to Mottola in 1993, a series of hit records established her position as Columbia's highest-selling act. According to Billboard magazine, she was the most successful artist of the 1990s in the United States.", "British pop star Robbie Williams and actress Ayda Field got married Aug. 7 2010. The couple, who met in 2006, exchanged vows in front of about 75 friends and family members at his Beverly Hills home. (Dave M. Benett / Getty Images) Share Back to slideshow navigation", "On July 18, 1992, Whitney Houston was married to Bobby brown at her estate in New jersey. The bride and groom both wore white.", "Mariah Carey (born March 27, 1969 or 1970) is an American singer, record producer, and actress. In 1990, she rose to fame with the release of \"Vision of Love\" from her eponymous debut album. The album produced four chart-topping singles in the US and began what would become a string of commercially successful albums which solidified the singer as Columbias highest selling act. Carey and Boyz II Men spent a record sixteen weeks atop the Billboard Hot 100 in 1995-96 with \"One Sweet Day,\" which remains the longest-running number-one song in US chart history. Following a contentious divorce from Sony Music head Tommy Mottola, Carey adopted a new image and traversed towards hip hop with the release of Butterfly (1997). In 1998, she was honored as the world's best-selling recording artist of the 1990s at the World Music Awards and subsequently named the best-selling female artist of the millennium in 2000.", "Anne and Philips divorced in 1992, and later that year, she married Timothy Laurence. Anne was the first member of the Royal Family to compete in the Olympics, and her daughter, Zara, followed in her footsteps.", "Sandie Shaw is an English pop singer, who was one of the most successful British female singers of the 1960s. In 1967 she was the first British act to win the Eurovision Song Contest. She has been described as \"the barefoot pop princess of the 1960s. She is currently married to her husband, Tony Bedford.", "What Went Wrong: The pop star wed her childhood sweetheart in a quickie Las Vegas ceremony in January 2004. Approximately 55 hours later, the marriage was annulled. She has since referred to their union — for which she allegedly proposed — as a \"joke that went too far.\" Funny!", "The former model and charity campaigner gives a rare insight into her marriage with the most famous man in music", "In 1955, aged 51, she married a dermatologist named Hassen El Hafnaoui, “taking care to include a clause in the marriage contract that would allow her to initiate a divorce if necessary”. The author of the Wikipaedia article on her makes a point that “the couple had no children”, presumably he is not aware that the menopause starts at that age! In any case, Om Kalthum is a perfect example of another singer who sacrificed family life for the sake of her career – a common finding among many successful women.", "Imran Khan, Pakistan's World Cup-winning cricket captain, has divorced his second wife, Reham. The 63-year-old politician had formally married the former BBC presenter in a high-profile wedding in January 2015. The news of their romance broke in British media in December 2014. ( Imran Khan Marries Former BBC Presenter )", "On 21 January 1966 George Harrison married fashion model Pattie Boyd, whom he met on the set of \"A Hard Day 's Night\" httpsâ¦", "Voted Best Dressed Pop Artist for the year 2000 by \"Heat\" magazine. Also voted Best Dressed Couple (shared with her husband)." ]

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[ "Beatrice \"Bea\" Arthur (13 May 1922 – 25 April 2009) was an American actress, comedian and singer whose career spanned seven decades. Arthur achieved fame as the character Maude Findlay on the 1970s sitcoms All in the Family and Maude, and as Dorothy Zbornak on the 1980s sitcom The Golden Girls , winning Emmy Awards for both roles. A stage actress both before and after her television success, she won the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical for her performance as Vera Charles in the original cast of Mame (1966). Bea passed away April 25, 2009 of cancer.", "Maude Findlay (née Chadbourne; formerly Hilliard) is a fictional character and the main title character on the controversial 1970s sitcom Maude. She was portrayed by the Emmy-winning actress Bea Arthur.", "LOS ANGELES — Beatrice Arthur, best known as the acerbic Maude Findlay on Norman Lear’s sitcom “Maude” and as the strong-willed Dorothy Zbornak on the long-running “The Golden Girls,” died Saturday. She was 86.", "The Golden Girls is an American sitcom created by Susan Harris that originally aired on NBC from September 14, 1985, to May 9, 1992. An ensemble cast, the show stars Beatrice Arthur, Betty White, Rue McClanahan, and Estelle Getty, as four older women who share a home in Miami, Florida. It was produced by Witt/Thomas/Harris Productions, in association with Touchstone Television, and Paul Junger Witt, Tony Thomas, and Harris served as the original executive producers.", "Elaine Stritch was reportedly considered for the role of Dorothy Zbornak while The Golden Girls was in development, under the assumption that Arthur (the series was originally conceived with \"a Bea Arthur type\" in mind) would not consider returning to a regular television series. As Stritch related in her show Elaine Stritch at Liberty, she \"blew her audition\". Rue McClanahan, who had been cast as Blanche and had co-starred with her on Maude, convinced Arthur to take the role. (Coincidentally, Stritch and Arthur had appeared together on the short-lived 1956 TV series Washington Square.)", "After her starring vehicle A Mother's Kisses (1968) closed on the road, Arthur turned to film work, including a hilarious performance in the hit comedy Lovers and Other Strangers (1970). A one-time guest appearance as Edith Bunker's liberal cousin Maude on the TV sitcom All in the Family was such a sensation that CBS gave Arthur her own series, Maude (1972-76). Arthur played a suburban housewife who hid a vulnerable heart behind a domineering facade, winning an Emmy in 1976. She found even greater success as the acerbic but loving divorcee Dorothy Petrillo Zbornak on NBC-TV's The Golden Girls (1985-1992), which brought Arthur her second Emmy in 1988. This top-rated series ended when Arthur withdrew from the cast, but remained extremely popular in syndication. A longtime champion of civil rights, she made occasional concert and benefit appearances through the 1990s, and scored a personal triumph (and garnered a special Tony nomination) when her one-woman show came to Broadway in 2002. After Arthur's death due to cancer at age 85, Angela Lansbury said of her, \"She became and has remained my bosom buddy.\"", "After appearing in the short-lived 1983 sitcom Amanda's (an adaptation of the British series Fawlty Towers), Arthur was cast in the sitcom The Golden Girls in 1985, in which she played Dorothy Zbornak , a divorced substitute teacher living in a Miami house owned by Blanche Devereaux ( Rue McClanahan ). Her other roommates included widow Rose Nylund ( Betty White ) and Dorothy's Sicilian mother, Sophia Petrillo ( Estelle Getty ). Getty was actually a year younger than Arthur in real life, and was heavily made up to look significantly older. The series became a hit, and remained a top-ten ratings fixture for seven seasons. Her performance led to several Emmy nominations over the course of the series and an Emmy win in 1988. Arthur decided to leave the show after seven years, and in 1992 the show was moved from NBC to CBS and retooled as The Golden Palace in which the other three actresses reprised their roles. Arthur made a guest appearance in a two-part episode.", "Maude debuted on CBS on September 12 1972. On her own show, Maude lives in Tuckahoe, New York, is quite no-nonsense and is married to Walter Findlay (Bill Macy), the owner and operator of an appliance store called Findlay's Friendly Appliances. They met during a Democratic convention, where she had ardently supported Hubert Humphrey. Before she met Walter, she had dated a writer named Russell Asher (Cesare Danova), a womanizer who had jilted her in Central Park. ", "Estelle Getty, better known as Sophia Petrillo, was the wise cracking mother of Dorothy Zbornak on The Golden Girls. Getty played a woman in her 80’s… but in actuality she was younger than the actress who played her daughter. Golden girls ran from 1985 – 1992 on NBC, winning numerous awards. Getty herself won both […]", "* In episode 1.7 of The Golden Girls, (\"The Competition\"), Dorothy (Bea Arthur) and Blanche (Rue McClanahan) bowl a game against Rose (Betty White) and Sophia (Estelle Getty). If Sophia and Rose win, Dorothy will allow Sophia to go back to Sicily for a visit with an old beau; if Dorothy and Blanche win, Sophia will give Dorothy a pair of antique earrings.", "After the film dedicates the picture to the ones young at heart, the first character we are introduced to is the protagonist and heroine of the tale named Dorothy Gale (played by late actress Judy Garland ). Dorothy is a little twelve year old girl, and slightly troubled orphan seen running down the prairie dirt road with her little pet dog named Toto . The two have just come from the unseen school house, as they return to Dorothy's guardians Aunt Em , ( Clara Blandick ) and Uncle Henry , ( Charley Grapewin ) who both live at an old farm up the road. After a disastrous encounter with the snooty and mean spirited neighbor, Miss Almira Gulch, ( Margaret Hamilton ), Dorothy is in a deep dilemma. To Dorothy's dismay, it seems as if no one at the farm cares or is interested in this as Dorothy tries to tell the adults about her problems. The adults around her are simply far too busy to be bothered by Dorothy and her childish nonsense as they are accessing the chicken coops and the baby chicks.", "American actress, comedienne, and singer. Best knows as one of The Golden Girls, co-starring Estelle Getty .", "Bette Davis (April 5, 1908 � October 6, 1989), born Ruth Elizabeth Davis, was a two-time Academy Award-winning American actress of film, television and theatre. Noted for her willingness to play unsympathetic characters, she was highly regarded for her performances in a range of film genres, from contemporary crime melodramas to historical and period films and occasional comedies, though her greatest successes were romantic dramas. After appearing in Broadway plays, Davis moved to Hollywood in 1930, but her early films for Universal Studios were unsuccessful. She joined Warner Brothers in 1932 and established her career with several critically acclaimed performances. In 1937, she attempted to free herself from her contract and although she lost a well-publicized legal case, it marked th...", "* Lynnie Greene (credited as Lynn Greene) as a younger Dorothy in flashbacks in four episodes.", "Born 10 June 1922, the youngest daughter of Frank Gumm and Ethel Milne, Frances Ethel Gumm would one day become known around the world as Judy Garland, an actress, singer and performer whom Fred Astaire would describe as \"the greatest entertainer who ever lived\". She was renowned for her voice and perhaps best known for her role as Dorothy in The Wizard of Oz. Her career as an actress in musical and dramatic roles, as a recording artist and on the concert state would span more than 40 years.", "It took the small screen to rejuvenate Dorothy's career in the mid-1960s when she earned top billing of TV's first prime time soap opera Peyton Place . Dorothy, starring in Lana Turner 's 1957 film role of Constance MacKenzie, found herself in a smash hit. The run wasn't entirely happy however. Doctors discovered blood clots on her lungs which required major surgery and she almost died. Lola Albright filled in until she was able to return. Just as bad, her the significance of her role dwindled with time and 20th Century-Fox finally wrote her and co-star Tim O'Connor off the show in 1968. Dorothy filed a breach of contract lawsuit which ended in an out-of-court settlement.", "By this time Dorothy had signed with Universal. Following a few more westerns for good measure ( At Gunpoint , Tension at Table Rock and Pillars of the Sky , Dorothy won the scenery-chewing role of wild, nymphomaniac Marylee Hadley in the Douglas Sirk soap opera meller Written on the Wind co-starring Rock Hudson , Lauren Bacall and Robert Stack . Both Stack and Malone had the showier roles and completely outshined the two leads, earning supporting Oscar nominations in the process. Stack lost in his category but Dorothy nabbed the trophy for her splendidly tramp, boozed-up Southern belle which was highlighted by her writhing mambo dance.", "Identical Granddaughter : Bea Arthur plays Dorothy's grandmother in flashbacks (alongside a different actress playing young Dorothy).", "There were several flashbacks to Dorothy and Sophia's past in Brooklyn. In a case of role reversal, Estelle Getty played Sophia's younger self and Bea Arthur played Sophia's mother.", "In the episode Stan Takes A Wife, Dorothy states that she is a Leo during a conversation. This information, combined with her birth year of 1929, means that she is 56 when the first season begins and 63 when the final season of The Golden Girls goes off the air.", "Lady Glinda Upland, (formally referred to as Galinda of the Arduennas of the Uplands) is a main character in the 1995 book titled Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West and its trilogy spin-offs by author Gregory Maguire . She also is a main character in the very successful Broadway Musical of the same name. Unlike in L. Frank Baum 's classic children's novel titled The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, published in 1900, and it's sequels, Wicked's portrayal Glinda strays further away from Baum's original character who was the ruler of the southern quadrant in the magical land of Oz called Quadling Country. In the story of Wicked, rather book or stage adaption, her character is based more upon the classic 1939 film's envisionment of Glinda portrayed by the late actress Billie Burke from MGM's The Wizard of Oz, by remaining the bubbly and bright Good Witch of the North instead of the \"Amazon Goddess\".", "Her first assignment was dubbing for Greta Garbo in Grand Hotel (1932). Later she played in The Women (1939) as well as Balalaika (1939) with Nelson Eddy, and All Women Have Secrets (1939). The following year Mildred headed East to New York where she appeared on Broadway. It was whilst in New York Mildred met and then eloped with Winthrop Gardner Junior, one of Americas finest and wealthiest bachelors. Gardner suffocated her with diamonds and furs. Walter Winchell jested on being shown an enormous gem, Mildred you could house Manhattan on that rock! As long as Mildred stayed in Hollywood she was always going to make headlines. She had a torrid affair with Victor Mature and Roy Rogers. In 1940 she met Geoffrey Steele, an army Captain in the Blue and Royals, they married the following year.", "In the original L. Frank Baum book The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, the Wicked Witch of the West is unnamed and little is explained about her life. Elphaba is modeled after the Witch portrayed by Margaret Hamilton in the classic 1939 film The Wizard of Oz: green-skinned, clad entirely in black and wearing a tall peaked hat. Maguire formulated the name \"Elphaba\" from the phonetic pronunciation of Baum's initials L.F.B. In both adaptations, Elphaba is also called by several nicknames including Elphie, Fabala, Sister (Saint) Aelphaba, Auntie Witch, and Fae.", "[On Air: 1985-1992] It’s not easy being “the smart one” on a show, and not be overshadowed by the more colorful characters, but Dorothy more than held her own against the sexy one, the dumb one, and the old one on The Golden Girls.", "Dorothy is the main antagonist of the non-canon Oz novella, Birds of Prey. Her appearance is much like that of the Judy Garland in the 1939 film adaptation, except her ruby slippers are replaced with a silver necklace adorned with a ruby. Dorothy is called \"Gale\" throughout the story, and she is presented as a vampire.", "Dorothy studied at the Actors' Lab, the West Coast version of New York City's Group Theater. She had a much fuller role in her Universal Pictures' debut with Abbott & Costello in Here Comes the Co-Eds (1945) which finally gave her a chance to really act. Playing the captain of a women's basketball team appearing as ringers in a college game, she exuded a bold confidence, as well as a shy streak, and stole every scene she was in.", "Dorothy Malone Actress, Peyton Place The blonde, sultry, dreamy-eyed beauty of Dorothy Malone, who was born in Chicago, Illinois, took some time before it made an impact with American filmgoing audiences. But once she did, she played it for all it was worth in her one chance Academy Award-winning \"bad girl\" performance, a role quite unlike the classy and straight-laced lady herself...", "Rita Moreno as Zelda Zanders, the \"Zip Girl\" and Lina's informant friend. Considered to be based on Clara Bow .", "Over the years, Dorothy Bridges appeared on screen with family members in \"Sea Hunt,\" the 1986 TV movie \"The Thanksgiving Promise,\" the 1989 movie \"See You in the Morning\" and the 1994 TV movie \"Secret Sins of the Father.\"", "Hope springs eternal (no pun intended) as this late-blooming actress didn't roll into Hollywood to begin her career as a character actress until the age of 55. She made guest appearances on dozens of television series including Wagon Train, My Three Sons, Hazel and Gunsmoke. She'll always be remembered for her role as Aunt Bee's gossipy best friend, Clara Edwards, during her tenure on TAGS.", "In 1956, she appeared as Maggie Henderson in the film The Best Things in Life Are Free , a biography of three songwriters played by Gordon MacRae , Ernest Borgnine , and Dan Dailey . That same year, she and Lew Ayres portrayed Peg and Clint Howard in “The Unrelenting Sky”, the fourth episode of Dick Powell’s Zane Grey Theater . She also appeared on the ABC series, Man with a Camera , Rawhide , and Richard Diamond, Private Detective .", "In 1938 Missoula, Mont.-born novelist Dorothy Baker (nee Doods) (1907-68) pub. her first novel Young Man with a Horn , based on the life of jazz trumpeter Bix Beiderbecke; filmed in 1950 starring Kirk Douglas." ]

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[ "Friends is an American television sitcom, created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman, which originally aired on NBC from September 22, 1994, to May 6, 2004, lasting ten seasons. With an ensemble cast starring Jennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox, Lisa Kudrow, Matt LeBlanc, Matthew Perry and David Schwimmer, the show revolves around six friends living in Manhattan. The series was produced by Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions, in association with Warner Bros. Television. The original executive producers were Kevin S. Bright, Marta Kauffman, and David Crane.", "LISA KUDROW – American actress (July 30th 1963), famous for her role as Phoebe Buffay in Friends. She has one son Julian Murray born on May 7th 1998 with husband Michel Stern.", "On May 27, 1995, Kudrow married Michel Stern, a French advertising executive. They have one son, Julian Murray Stern, who was born on May 7, 1998. Kudrow's pregnancy was written into Friends (seasons 4 and 5), with her character Phoebe having triplets as a surrogate mother for her brother Frank and his wife Alice because they were not able to have children.", "Jennifer Aniston was no stranger to television when she joined the cast of Friends in 1994. Her father, John Aniston, is a regular on Days of Our Lives and has appeared on shows like Kojak and That Girl.", "\"Holy Sh*t, My Son's An Indian!\" - Julian finally returns after a long absence. Due to the actor having left the show, he is instead played by one of the sons of the actor who played Ajay. Yes, an indian Julian! Pat is shocked by this and the episode revolves around attempting to figure out what happened.", "Julian Casablancas is half American and half Danish and the son of John Casablancas and Jeanette Christiansen. His parents divorced when he was young. He attended kindergarten with future bandmate Nikolai Fraiture.", "In the 10 seasons of Friends that spanned from 1994 to 2004, baby Emma didn’t get much screen time. As the daughter of Ross ( David Schwimmer ) and Rachel ( Jennifer Aniston ), Emma was born in the season 8 finale, “The One Where Rachel Has a Baby, Part 2.”", "Matt LeBlanc was born on 25 July 1967 in Newton, Massachussetts. His mother, Patricia, is of Italian origin, and worked as an office manager, and his father, Paul LeBlanc, who was from a French-Canadian family, was a mechanic. After graduating from high school, he spent some time as a photo model in Florida before moving to New York where he took drama classes. After a few small roles on stage and on TV, he became famous for his role as Joey in Friends (1994), and in a less successful spin-off, Joey (2004), which only aired for two seasons. Afther the show got canceled he took a break and didn't return until 2011 where he stars as a fictional version of himself on Episodes (2011).", "Joey's most famous acting role (and longest lasting) was as Dr. Drake Ramoray on the serial drama Days of our Lives . However, when he claimed in an interview that he wrote many of his own lines, the writers of the show became annoyed and killed him off a few episodes later (by falling down an elevator shaft). His character later returned to Days of our Lives in a bizarre plot twist which resurrected him, after blowing an opportunity to become Dr. Drake Ramoray's twin brother Stryker. The plot line which brought him back is never fully explained, except that a female character's brain (portrayed by Susan Sarandon ) is transplanted into Ramoray's body, effectively forcing Joey to play a woman with a dominant personality. Later on, other characters refer to him as Drake, while still alluding he has the woman character's brain, and following that he appears to completely be Drake again. In Season 7 of Friends, Joey was up for a Soapie for Best Returning Male Character. He lost, so he tried to steal one.", "Jerry Stiller plays George's dad. Ben Stiller (Jerry's real-life son) is married to Christine Taylor, who guest-starred on the show as Jerry Seinfeld's girlfriend.", "Christopher Ashton Kutcher was born on February 7, 1978 in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, to Diane (Finnegan), who was employed at Procter & Gamble, and Larry Kutcher, a factory worker. He has a fraternal twin brother, Michael, and a sister, Tausha. He is of Czech (father) and Irish, German, and Czech (mother) descent. He grew up in rural Homestead, Iowa, graduating from Clear Creek-Amana High School in Tiffin, Iowa. In 1997, Kutcher was a biochemical engineering student at the University of Iowa and was discovered by a local talent scout. In 2010, Kutcher was named one of Time Magazine's Top 100 Most Influential People. He created the Demi and Ashton Foundation, to eliminate child sex slavery worldwide. Kutcher is mostly known for playing Michael Kelso in That '70s Show and is co-founder of Katalyst, a studio for social media.", "They have one child, Gloria (Sally Struthers), who is married to perennial college student Michael Stivic (Rob Reiner). Michael is an archetypal 1960s-style liberal. He and Archie constantly clash over political, social, and personal issues. He is also an Atheist, which makes Archie extremely angry. For much of the series, the Stivics live in the Bunker home to save money, providing even more opportunity for the two men to irritate each other. When they finally move out, it is to the house next door, offered to them by George Jefferson, the owner, who knew it would get to Archie. Archie frequently calls his son-in-law \"meathead\" and \"Polack\" (pronounced Polock) to insult Michael's intelligence and Polish ancestry respectively.", "The series revolved initially around the life of the Harper brothers Charlie (Charlie Sheen) and Alan (Jon Cryer), and Alan's son Jake (Angus T. Jones). Charlie is a bachelor who writes commercial jingles for a living while leading a hedonistic lifestyle. When Alan's wife Judith (Marin Hinkle) decides to divorce him, he moves into Charlie's Malibu beach house, with Jake coming to stay over the weekends. Charlie's housekeeper is Berta (Conchata Ferrell), a sharp-tongued woman who initially resists the change to the household but grudgingly accepts it. Charlie's one-night stand Rose (Melanie Lynskey) was first introduced as his stalker in the pilot episode.", "George is the son of Frank (Jerry Stiller) and Estelle Costanza (Estelle Harris). Though he never made an appearance on the show, George has mentioned twice that he has a brother. Lloyd Braun is his childhood nemesis who George feels was the son his parents always wanted. George's best friend Jerry Seinfeld described Frank and Estelle as \"psychopaths\", and said in \"The Chinese Woman\" that, if they'd divorced when George was young, he \"could have been normal\". George also describes himself (and by implication many neuroses) as the result of his parents having stayed together. ", "* Raymond \"Ray\" Barone (Ray Romano) is a sportswriter for Newsday. He lives in Lynbrook, Long Island with his wife, Debra, and their three children Alexandra (\"Ally\"), Geoffrey, and Michael. His parents Frank & Marie and brother Robert live across the street. Raymond's character is loosely based on the real-life Romano, as he is the father of twin boys and a girl. Ray is emotionally unable to take any sort of stand on anything, especially if it brings him to any sort of conflict with his mother—the exception is when he protests about sex or some trivial matter. Raymond's mother favors him over Robert.", "Happy Days is an American television sitcom that originally aired from 1974 to 1984 on ABC. The show presents an idealized vision of life in 1950s and early 1960s America. The family consists of Howard Cunningham, a hardware store owner, his homemaker wife Marion and the couple's two children, Richie, an optimistic if somewhat naive teenager, and Joanie, Ritchie's sweet but feisty younger sister. The Cunninghams also had an older son named Chuck, a character who disappeared during the second season. The earlier episodes revolve around Richie and his friends, Potsie Weber, Ralph Malph and local dropout Arthur \"The Fonz\" Fonzarelli, but as the series progressed, \"Fonzie\" proved to be a favourite with viewers and soon more story lines were written to reflect his growing popularity. Soon Fonzie befriended Richie and the Cunningham family. The focus would also occasionally shift to other additional characters, such as Fonzie's cousin Chachi, who became a love interest for Joanie Cunningham. This long-running show spawned several other television series, including Laverne & Shirley, Mork & Mindy, and Joanie Loves Chachi.", "Macaulay Carson Culkin, one of the most famous American child stars, was born on August 26, 1980 in New York City, New York, USA, as the third of seven children of his father Christopher Culkin (a former stage and child actor and also Macaulay's former manager) and mother Patricia Brentrup . He is the brother of Shane Culkin , Dakota Culkin , Kieran Culkin , Quinn Culkin , Christian Culkin , and Rory Culkin , most of whom have also acted. Macaulay's mother, who is from North Dakota, is of German and Norwegian descent. Macaulay's father, from Manhattan, has Irish, German, English, Swiss-German, and French ancestry.", "Set in San Francisco, family-friendly sitcom Full House centers around the adventures of a widowed father, his three children, and his two best friends. Danny (Bob Saget) is a straight-laced local television personality, Joey (David Coulier) is a fun-loving stand-up comedian, and brother-in-law Jesse (John Stamos) is an Elvis-obsessed rocker. Danny's children include 11-year-old D.J. (Candace Cameron), five-year-old Stephanie (Jodie Sweetin), and baby Michelle (big-eyed future superstars Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen). Created by Jeff Franklin (Laverne and Shirley), the show ran on ABC for eight seasons.", "After his wife is killed in a car accident, news anchorman Danny Tanner recruits his brother-in-law Jesse Katsopolis (a rock musician) and best friend Joey Gladstone (who works as a stand-up comedian) to help raise his three young daughters: D.J., Stephanie, and Michelle, in his San Francisco home. Over time, the three men as well as the children bond and become closer to one another.", "Charlie Sheen has decided that Justin Bieber is, in fact, his biological son, and so rounds up a group of celebrity pals, including Angelina Jolie, Robert De Niro, Donald Trump, Brad Pitt and George Clooney, to corner him at a gig in Las Vegas. Meanwhile, Sheen must contend with his former squeeze Paris Hilton being on the arm of smooth crooner Usher among other things.", "He and Rebecca are very good friends with actress, Nicole Kidman . Rebecca has known Kidman for many years - they met on the audition circuit in Australia. Kidman is youngest child Harry's godmother.", "In September 2007, actress Mary-Louise Parker adopted a baby girl, Caroline \"Ash\" Aberash Parker, from Africa. Parker also has son William Atticus, born in 2004, with actor Billy Crudup. The two split before he was born.", "Julia – Julia worries because son Corey can’t attend a father-son outing with his friend Earl.", "In 1966, he married Jane Cameron Agee, an aspiring actress at Twentieth Century Fox, 12 days after they first met. The couple had two children, Josh (b. 1968), and Jess (b. 1972). They were divorced in 1984. Jane died in a car accident on February 13, 1995, one day after son Josh's 27th birthday. Josh said on the October 14, 2008, episode of the Late Show with David Letterman that his parents met on the TV series Batman, where his mother was a casting executive. James Brolin is the grandfather of Trevor (b. 1988) and Eden (b. 1993), from his son Josh's first marriage.", "Carrott has been married to his wife Hazel (née Jackson), a former local journalist, since 1973. They have three daughters and one son: Lucy Davis (born 1973), an actress best known for playing Dawn Tinsley in The Office; Hanna, Jenny, and Jake Davis.", "The couple have appeared onscreen together in Zoolander, DodgeBall: A True Underdog Story, Tropic Thunder, Zoolander 2, and Arrested Development. He and his wife reside in Westchester County, New York. The couple have two children, a daughter, Ella Olivia, born April 9, 2002, and a son, Quinlin Dempsey, born July 10, 2005. Quinlin was a voice actor at age 3 in Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa, playing his father's character, Alex, as a cub, a role he shared with another boy, Declan Swift. ", "He is married to former model Keisha Whitaker and has three children by her. His younger brothers Kenn Whitaker and Damon Whitaker are both actors as well.", "Kevin Kline played a TV actor and father of Ashton Kutcher in the 2011 romantic comedy, \"No Strings Attached.\"", "Parenthood, which just had its series finale, lasted 6 seasons on NBC and focused on a show about several different families. One of these families featured actor Max Burkholder who played Max Braverman, a young boy with aspergers syndrome. His portrayal of Max was seen as one of the most realistic portrayals of someone with autism on television.", "In an episode of the American sitcom Full House that guest starred Jaleel White as Steve Urkel (from fellow sitcom Family Matters), Michelle Tanner (played by Mary-Kate & Ashley Olsen) asks Urkel, \"Why do you talk like a Mickey Mouse?\".", "He was married twice. His first marriage was in 1955, to Jean Marsh, whom he divorced in 1960; later that same year he married Ingeborg Rhoesa, born 1935. Together they had two children, both of whom were to become actors: a daughter, Dariel, in 1961, and a son, Sean, in 1964.", "In 1997, he married his third wife, Laura Calland, the voice-over artist from Fifteen to One. His first marriage was to Audrey Harrison (1960–76); his second wife was actress Sally Geeson (1976–86). His first child was Nick. He has two children by Sally Geeson, who starred in Bless This House, Barnaby and Hayley. " ]

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[ "“The Beverly Hillbillies” is a classic American comedy series that originally aired for nine seasons from 1962 to 1971 and was the first television series to feature a “fish out of water” genre. The series was about the Clampett family – widower Jed “J.D.” (Buddy Ebsen); his mother-in-law, Daisy May “Granny” Moses (Irene Ryan); beautiful but tomboyish daughter, Elly May (Donna Douglas); and nephew Jethro (Max Baer, Jr.) – that moves to ritzy Beverly Hills, California, after striking oil on the family’s Texas country farm. The show was a huge success during most of its nine-year original run, and it continues to be broadcast on different channels to this day. Different episodes of the show continue to rank as some of the most-watched episodes of television shows of all time.", "   The rest of the family consisted of his knockout gorgeous daughter Elly May who was strong as an ox and had a way with critters, er, animals. Jethro Bodine was Jed's nephew. Big, super strong, handsome and dumb as a, well, dumbass, Jethro tried to become a ladies man and a movie mogul. If he wasn't terminally retarded he might have succeeded (my apologies to retarded people - it was rude of me to lump you in with Jethro). Granny was the matriarch of the family. Cranky and cantankerous, Granny specialized in \"medcine\" - otherwise known as high octane moonshine. Like Jethro and Elly, Granny also seemed somehow preternaturally strong and athletic. She looked to be one hundred years old and yet was still capable of running faster than is humanly possible all the while leaping over obstacles.", "After selling his swamp to the OK Oil Company for $25 Million, Cousin Pearl convinces Jed he should move his family to Beverly Hills. So Jed, along with his gorgeous daughter Elly May, feisty mother-in-law Granny, and half-witted nephew Jethro, all head to this new land inhabited by movie stars and the well-off.", "Jethro Bodine - A nephew/young cousin of Jed. Described as naive, ignorant, and pompous. Stays in the city to seek better education and job offers. Can't seem to settle down in any job. Played by Max Baer, Jr. in the series, by Ray Young in the 1981 Return of the Beverly Hillbillies Made for TV Movie , and by Diedrich Bader in the film.", "Jed and his family get to Beverly Hills, and their money goes into the Commerce Bank of Beverly Hills, with President Mr. Drysdale. For the nine years the clan is in Beverly Hills, all kinds of things happen. They try to get their beautiful daughter Elly May married. Their nephew Jethro gets a high education, highest in the family - he completes school through the sixth grade. Granny has her fights with Mrs. Drysdale and gets romanced by various men. And Jed takes hold of a movie studio. They travel to New York, Washington, and England. They make silent movies. And they make a few good friends.moreless", "In spite of such on-screen success, Baer never enjoyed the TV onscreen reward of his son, Max Baer Jr. (who played Jethro Bodine in the television series The Beverly Hillbillies). At the time of his death on November 21, 1959, Baer was scheduled to appear in some TV commercials, which he had planned to do in Los Angeles before returning to his home in Sacramento.", "There's a break on the set of \"The Beverly Hillbillies,\" 20th Century Fox's $25-million feature film version of the 1960s CBS sitcom, and Jim Varney, the man who would be Jed Clampett, is sitting out with the extras by the cement pond, smoking a cigarette, drinking coffee and looking not the least little bit like Buddy Ebsen. He's got a dark caterpillar of a mustache, for one thing, brown hair curling over his ears and down to the collar of his bolo-tied shirt. He's wearing a Western-cut Hank Williams suit with charcoal-gray pinstripes and pointy black boots. Compared to the Uncle Jed we grew up with, this one's looking downright foppish.", "In 1993, a movie version of The Beverly Hillbillies was released starring Jim Varney as Jed Clampett and featuring Buddy Ebsen in a cameo as Barnaby Jones, the lead character in his long-running post-Hillbillies television series.", "The Beverly Hillbillies. Follow. CBS (ended 1971) USER EDITOR. MacDeacon . Overview; ... Cousin Pearl convinces Jed he should move his family to Beverly Hills. So Jed", "Each episode dealt with ALF learning about Earth and making new friends both within and outside of the Tanner family, including Willie's brother Neal (Jim J. Bullock), Kate's widowed mother Dorothy (Anne Meara) with whom ALF has a love-hate relationship, her boyfriend (and later husband) Whizzer (Paul Dooley), the Ochmoneks' nephew Jake (Josh Blake), a psychologist named Larry (Bill Daily), and a blind woman named Jody (Andrea Covell) who never figures out that ALF is not human (although she is aware through touch that he is short and hairy).", "On July 27, 1961, Darwell appeared as \"Grandmother McCoy\" in an episode of the ABC sitcom The Real McCoys. In the story line, the series characters played by Walter Brennan, Richard Crenna, and Kathleen Nolan return to fictitious Smokey Corners, West Virginia for Grandmother McCoy's 100th birthday gathering. Darwell was fifteen years older than \"son\", Walter Brennan. Pat Buttram and Henry Jones appeared in this episode as Cousin Carl and Jed McCoy, respectively. ", "Lester Flatt (left) and Earl Scruggs would make appearances on THE Beverly Hillbillies . This week in 1962 they...", "Image caption Douglas (top left) played the buxom and tomboyish Elly May Clampett in The Beverly Hillbillies", "Poor but wise Jed Clampett (Buddy Ebsen) got rich quick. He originally got $25 million but by the last season the Clampett fortune had swelled to $95 million. So he moved his family from Sibley in the Ozarks to Beverly Hills. To 518 Crestview Drive, to be precise, a 32 room, 14 bath mansion.", "Jedediah D. \"Jed\" Clampett - The apparent head of the family. A good-natured man with some common sense. But also an expert marksman. Played in the series by Buddy Ebsen and in the film by Jim Varney.", "Jed Clampett and kin move from Arkansas to Beverly Hills when he becomes a billionaire, after an oil strike. The country folk are very naive with regard to life in the big city, so when Jed starts a search for a new wife there are inevitably plenty of takers and con artists ready to make a fast buck. Written by Rob Hartill", " Season 4, Episode 9, \"The Colter Craven Story\": Carleton Young (starred in the Dick Tracy serials, Honor of the West, Billy the Kid in Texas, and Thunderhead - Son of Flicka and who played Harry Steeger on The Court of Last Resort) plays cowardly doctor Colter Craven. Anna Lee (starred in King Solomon's Mines, How Green Was My Valley, Flying Tigers, The Ghost and Mrs. Muir, The Sound of Music, and In Like Flint and who played Lila Quartermaine on General Hospital) plays his wife Allyris. John Carradine (starred in Stagecoach, The Grapes of Wrath, House of Frankenstein, House of Dracula, The Ten Commandments, and Sex Kittens Go to College and who played Gen. Joshua McCord on Branded) plays water-rights tyrant Park Cleatus. Ken Curtis (see \"The Horace Best Story\" above) plays his son Kyle. Dennis Rush (Howie Pruitt on The Andy Griffith Show ) plays a boy named Jamie who breaks his leg. Paul Birch (see \"The Lita Foldaire Story\" above) plays Ulysses S. Grant. Willis Bouchey (Mayor Terwilliger on The Great Gildersleeve and the judge 23 times on Perry Mason ) plays Grant's father. John Wayne (credited as Michael Morris) plays General Tecumseh Sherman.", "Bonanza was revived for three made-for-television movies featuring the Cartwrights' children: Bonanza: The Next Generation (1988), Bonanza: The Return (1993), and Bonanza: Under Attack (1995). Michael Landon, Jr., played Little Joe's son Benji while Gillian Greene, Lorne Greene's daughter, played a love interest. In the second movie, airing on NBC, a one-hour retrospective was done to introduce the drama. It was hosted by both Michael Landon, Jr., and Dirk Blocker, who looks and sounds almost exactly like his father Dan Blocker. According to the magazine TV Guide, producer Dortort told Blocker he was too old to play the Hoss scion, but gave him the role of an unrelated newspaper reporter. Clips of his appearance were heavily used in advertisements promoting the \"second generation\" theme, perhaps misleading audiences to believe that Blocker was playing Hoss' heir. Hoss' son Josh was born out of wedlock, as it is explained that Hoss drowned without knowing his fiancėe was pregnant. Such a storyline might have been problematic in the original series. (The Big Valley, however, had a major character in Heath, who was presented as illegitimate. The Gunsmoke movies of the early 1990s employed a similar theme when Marshal Matt Dillon learned he had sired Michael Learned's daughter in a short-lived romance. The initial story was first introduced in 1973, when depiction of fornication courted protests, so CBS insisted their hero Matt have the encounter when he had amnesia.)", "* Bernie Mac (died August 9, 2008, age 50) (Uncle Jay in Sid the Science Kid, Mack in the King of the Hill episode \"Racist Dawg\", and Zuba in Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa)", "* Harold \"Happy\" Loman: Willy's younger son. He's lived in the shadow of his older brother Biff most of his life and seems to be almost ignored, but he still tries to be supportive towards his family. He has a restless lifestyle as a womanizer and dreams of moving beyond his current job as an assistant to the assistant buyer at the local store, but is willing to cheat a little in order to do so, by taking bribes. He is always looking for approval from his parents, but rarely gets any, and he even goes as far as to make things up just for attention, such as telling his parents he is going to get married. He tries often to keep his family's perceptions of each other positive or \"happy\" by defending each of them during their many arguments, but still has the most turbulent relationship with Linda, who looks down on him for his lifestyle and apparent cheapness, despite his giving them money.", "He once made a cameo appearance on The Beverly Hillbillies (1962). In episode, The Beverly Hillbillies: The Indians Are Coming (1967). And when asked how he wanted to be paid, his answer, in return, was \"Give me a fifth of bourbon - that'll square it.\".", "He once made a cameo appearance on \"The Beverly Hillbillies\" (1962). In episode, \"The Beverly Hillbillies: The Indians Are Coming (#5.20)\" (1967). And when asked how he wanted to be paid, his answer, in return, was \"Give me a fifth of bourbon - that'll square it.\".", "\" Oh Brother, Where Art Thou? \": Grampa suffers a heart attack while complaining about a bad McBain movie, and, worried that he may be dying soon, tells Homer that he has an illegitimate half-brother named Herb Powell, who turns out to be a rich, yet struggling car company owner in need of a million-dollar idea, but can Herb really count on the idiot half-brother whom he's never met?", "Raymond married Helen Frances Williams on December 31, 1930, with whom he had five children. The names of his three daughters—Judith, Lynne and Helen—were immortalized in that of Rip Kirby's girlfriend, Judith Lynne \"Honey\" Dorian. The Raymonds also had two sons: Alan W. and Duncan. He was the great-uncle of actors Matt Dillon and Kevin Dillon. His younger brother, Jim Raymond, was also a cartoonist, and also an assistant to Chic Young on Blondie.", "King of the Hill is an American animated sitcom created by Mike Judge and Greg Daniels. The main characters are Hank Hill, Peggy Hill, Bobby Hill, Luanne Platter, Dale Gribble, Bill Dauterive, Boomhauer, Kahn Souphanousinphone, and Elroy \"Lucky\" Kleinschmidt.", "Hoyt Platter (voiced by Johnny Knoxville )—Hoyt is Luanne's father and Peggy's twin brother who ran from Arlen after Leanne stabbed him. It was later found out that he never worked on an oil rig, but was in jail for most of Luanne's life and the oil rig story was a cover so Luanne wouldn't know her father was a convict. He appears in only one episode \"Life: A Loser's Manual.\" After being released from jail, Hoyt continues his larcenous ways to the point of bullying Lucky into confessing to a robbery Hoyt committed. Thanks to some crafty work by Hank and Peggy, Hoyt was nabbed for another crime and convinced to take the rap for the robbery. He was put back in jail presumably for life with Luanne believing the false story that he \"signed a lifetime contract to return to the oil rig.\"", "Hoyt Platter (voiced by Johnny Knoxville ) - Hoyt is Luanne's father and Peggy's twin brother who ran from Arlen after Leanne stabbed him. It was later found out that he never worked on an oil rig, but was in jail for most of Luanne's life and the oil rig story was a cover so Luanne wouldn't know her father was a convict. He appears in only one episode \"Life: A Loser's Manual.\" After being released from jail, Hoyt continues his larcenous ways to the point of bullying Lucky into confessing to a robbery Hoyt committed. Thanks to some crafty work by Hank and Peggy, Hoyt was nabbed for another crime and convinced to take the rap for the robbery. He was put back in jail presumably for life with Luanne believing the false story that he \"signed a lifetime contract to return to the oil rig.\"", "Character as Himself : In the episode \"Pappy\", James Garner plays Bret and Bart's father, while Jack Kelly plays Uncle Bently Maverick. Pappy is listed as \"Himself\", while Uncle Bently is listed as \"?\".", "In The Simpsons halloween special, Treehouse of Horror XIII, the Sundance Kid along with Billy The Kid, Frank James, his brother Jesse James, and Kaiser Wilhelm are the \"hole-in-the-ground gang.\" When asked by Comic Book Guy what happened to Butch Cassidy, he replies that they \"ain't joined at the hip.\"", "He is Stan's paternal grandfather. He is 102, confined to a wheelchair, and a tad senile. He continually addresses Stan as \"Billy\", and in occasionally asks Stan to kill him. It turns out that this is a family trait involving the men in the Marsh family, dating back at least a couple of generations. He is said to have had the same relationship with his own grandfather.", "Actor. Fondly remembered for playing 'Spanky' in the Our Gang/Little Rascals serial comedies. He was featured in many of the one-reelers from the 1930s and 40s. He appeared on the television show \"Cheers\" shortly before his death. (Bio by: A.J. Marik )", "Physically impressive at nearly 6'3\" tall (189 cm.), he was a natural for Westerns, both on the big and little screens. While working regularly on television on top shows like Bonanza and Gunsmoke, he appeared in supporting roles in such films Guns of the Magnificent Seven (1969) and Blake Edwards' Wild Rovers, but his film career didn't start to quicken until he scored the role of Steve McQueen's younger brother in Sam Peckinpah's Junior Bonner, a film about a contemporary rodeo cowboy, which was released in late 1972." ]

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[ "TV’s “Green Acres” was based on a 1950 summer replacement radio program called “Granby’s Green Acres”, starring Gale Gordon and Bea Benadaret, with Parley Baer as Eb.", "Based upon a 1950s radio show called GRANBY'S GREEN ACRES, which featured Gale Gordon (HERE'S LUCY) and Bea Benadaret (PETTICOAT JUNCTION), this 1965 television situation comedy debuted as a spin-off of PETTICOAT JUNCTION (which in turn had spun off ...", "Petticoat Junction proved an enormous hit in its first season, and remained a top-25 program for several years. Benaderet had done a radio variation of Green Acres with Gale Gordon beginning in 1950 called Granby's Green Acres. Green Acres was a spinoff of Petticoat Junction, with Eva Gabor portraying Benaderet's original part, and Benaderet herself appearing in several episodes as her Petticoat Junction character, in order to establish the Hooterville setting. (Eddie Albert took Gale Gordon's role as the lawyer who moves to the country to become a farmer as Gordon was then occupied with his role as \"Mr. Mooney\" on The Lucy Show.)", "Old Time Radio's \"Granby's Green Acres\" was created for 1950s Radio by Jay Somers. The radio comedy starred actors Gale Gordon (Mr Mooney of \"The Lucy Show) & Bea Benaderet (Kate of \"Petticoat Junction\" as well as Mrs. Bodine of The Beverly Hillbillies).", "Green Acres is about Oliver Wendell Douglas (Eddie Albert), an erudite New York City attorney, acting on his dream to be a farmer, and Lisa Douglas (Eva Gabor), his glamorous Hungarian wife, who is dragged unwillingly from an upscale Manhattan penthouse apartment and the city life she adores to a ramshackle farm. The theme tune, as with those of the show's rural cousins, explains the basic premise of the show. At the end of the opening sequence, Albert and Gabor strike a pose in parody of Grant Wood's 1930 painting American Gothic. The debut episode is a mockumentary about their decision to move to a rural area, anchored by former ABC newscaster John Charles Daly. Daly was the host of the CBS game show What's My Line, and a few weeks after the show's debut Albert and Gabor returned the favor by appearing on What's My Line as that episode's Mystery Guests, and publicly thanked Daly for helping to launch their series. After the first episodes, the series developed an absurdist world. Though many episodes were still standard 1960s sitcom fare, the show became notable for its surrealism and satire. The show appealed to children through its slapstick, silliness and shtick, but adults were able to appreciate it on a different level.", "The Beverly Hillbillies is an American sitcom originally broadcast on CBS for nine seasons, from September 26, 1962, to March 23, 1971. The show had an ensemble cast which features Buddy Ebsen, Irene Ryan, Donna Douglas, and Max Baer Jr. as a poor backwoods family who move to Beverly Hills, California, after striking oil on their land. The show was produced by Filmways and was created by writer Paul Henning. It was followed by two other Henning-inspired country-cousin series on CBS: Petticoat Junction, and its spin-off Green Acres, which reversed the rags-to-riches model of The Beverly Hillbillies.", "CBS produced 170 episodes of Green Acres and it appeared on television from September 1965 till September 1971. Green acres was a spinoff of Petticoat Junction. Attorney Oliver Wendall played by Eddie Albert, an attorney, wanting to be a farmer all his life buys The Haney 160 acre farm sight unseen near Hooterville. His wife Lisa, starrin Eva Gabor, objects leaving New York's luxury to live in the country. She eventually gives in and moves to the broken down shack which is unfurnished and missing the luxuries they are so accustomed. The show is built around them adjusting not only to the new style of living but to the towns people with their backwards living.", "The series is about a poor backwoods family transplanted to Beverly Hills, California, after striking oil on their land. A Filmways production created by writer Paul Henning , it is the first in a genre of \"fish out of water\" themed television shows, and was followed by other Henning-inspired country-cousin series on CBS. In 1963, Henning introduced Petticoat Junction , and in 1965 he reversed the rags to riches model for Green Acres . The show paved the way for later culture-conflict programs such as McCloud, The Nanny, The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, and Doc (TV series). Panned by many entertainment critics of its time, it quickly became a huge ratings success for most of its nine-year run on CBS.", "Two episodes of Petticoat Junction feature characters from The Beverly Hillbillies: \"Granny, the Baby Expert\" featuring Granny, and \"A Cake from Granny\" featuring Granny and Miss Jane. Although none of the characters from The Beverly Hillbillies ever appeared on Green Acres, an episode of Green Acres was named after The Beverly Hillbillies.", "*\"The Week Before Christmas\" (7:13) - The crossover aspect is limited to two scenes in Sam Drucker's general store with the Bradley sisters and Drucker talking to Granny over the phone. The same broadcast week, Petticoat Junction aired \"A Cake from Granny\" with shots of Granny and Jane Hathaway (Nancy Kulp) in Beverly Hills baking a cake. \"Christmas in Hooterville\" (7:14) reunites the Clampett family with the Petticoat Junction cast. The follow-up episode, \"Drysdale and Friend\" (7:15), has appearances by Sam Drucker and Green Acres regular Fred Ziffel (Hank Patterson).", "One of biggest programming gambles in television history occurred in the early 1970s, as CBS cancelled The Beverly Hillbillies, Green Acres and other \"rural shows\" the network considered unsophisticated. The gamble paid off as replacement programs including The Mary Tyler Moore Show, The Bob Newhart Show, The Odd Couple and All in the Family garnered high ratings and critical acclaim.", "Shady Rest Hotel owner Kate Bradley appears in a few early episodes. She tries to help Lisa adapt to country living, most notably giving her the recipe for her hotcakes, which Lisa ends up botching, resulting in Lisa's infamous \"hotscakes\". Uncle Joe Carson is seen at times playing checkers, loafing or mooching fruit at Drucker's Store with Petticoat Junction regulars Newt Kiley and train conductor Floyd Smoot. Betty Jo Bradley appears in one episode as Eb Dawson's date. Her sister Bobbie Jo appears in the same episode. Blonde-haired Billie Jo is the only Bradley sister never to appear in Green Acres. Western film actor Smiley Burnette guest-stars several times as railway engineer Charley Pratt in 1965 and 1966. Burnette and Pat Buttram (Mr. Haney) were both comic sidekicks of singing cowboy Gene Autry in his '50s Westerns. ", "There were many reasons the show didn’t make it in 1950. One big one might be that Granby’s Green Acres was not a show that audiences were ready for. Americans had migrated in large numbers to cities like New York and Los Angeles in search of economic opportunities. Granby’s desire to move to the country seemed absurd. When Green Acres appeared on TV, it was a very different world with violence and unrest, crime on the rise, and social unrest. Moving to Hooterville sounded a lot less crazy and made us more sympathetic with Mr. Douglas.", "During its sixth season in the 1970–71 television season, Green Acres placed 34th out of 96 shows. Despite the respectable ratings and winning its timeslot, the series was cancelled in the spring of 1971 after six seasons and 170 episodes. At the time CBS was under pressure from sponsors to have more urban-themed shows on its schedule. To make room for the newer shows, nearly all of the rural-themed shows were cancelled. This part of television history has become known as the \"rural purge\". Pat Buttram said of the purge, \"CBS cancelled everything with a tree – including Lassie.\" ", "64a. [Victim of the ’71 “rural purge”] is GREEN ACRES. What, the countryfied shows all went off the air in 1971? Apparently so . Looking at the list of cancelled shows and the shows that replaced them on TV, I gotta say…good call, networks!", "Younger sister Eva, who died in 1995, is best known for her role on TV's \"Green Acres.\" She also appeared in dozens of movies and voiced characters in Disney animated films.", "The man who wrote the theme song for “The Addams Family”, Vic Mizzy, also wrote the theme song for the popular series, “Green Acres”.", "Eva Gabor (b. 11 February 1920, Budapest, d. 7 April 1995)- celebrity and start of tv series \"Green Acres\" in the 1960s.", "Robert Foulk and Sid Melton would both have recurring roles on Green Acres a decade later. See more »", "The first shows were simply a copy of the radio format, complete with lengthy and integrated commercials for sponsor Carnation Evaporated Milk by Goodwin. However, what worked well on radio appeared forced and plodding on television. The show was changed into the now-standard situation comedy format, with the commercials distinct from the plot.", "In 1947 Abbott and Costello moved the show to ABC (the former NBC Blue Network). During their time on ABC, the duo also hosted a 30-minute children's radio program (The Abbott and Costello Children's Show), which aired Saturday mornings, featuring child vocalist Anna Mae Slaughter and child announcer Johnny McGovern. (Source: wikipedia.org)", "* ''Radio/ThisAmericanLife'' has aired nationally since 1996 (beginning locally one year earlier as ''Your Radio Playhouse''), as well as a Showtime TV series from 2007-09.", "          In fame and notoriety, radio host Petey Green falls somewhere between Howard Stern and Good Morning Vietnam’s Adrian Cronauer.  While not “The King of All Media,” he had a huge following in Washington, DC in the 60s and 70s among the African-American community.  And like Cronauer, he was a guy who just wanted to entertain but found himself in the middle of a very volatile and emotional situation.", "The music for Little House on the Prairie was composed by David Rose , who also worked on Bonanza and Highway to Heaven . He was nominated and won Emmy awards for his work on the show. The theme for Little House was titled \"The Little House\", and on a side note: while filming the opening credits for the show, Sidney Greenbush fell while going down the hill and got whiplash. [3] Additionally, the theme from Highway to Heaven was used on the episode \" Marvin's Garden \".", "The Flintstones is an animated, prime-time American television sitcom that was broadcast from September 30, 1960 to April 1, 1966, on ABC . The original pilot episode clip however was called the \"Flagstones\" (which first appeared in 1959 as a 90 second promotion to draw advertisers to the show) and was later reincorporated into the show's 1st episode (3rd episode in original airdate order). The show's name was changed to \"The Flintstones\" shortly thereafter. The show was produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions , The Flintstones was about a working class Stone Age man's life with his family and his next-door neighbor and best friend.", "In the 1920s, Sears, Roebuck and Company was a major retail and mail order company. To get farmers and people in rural communities to buy radio sets from its catalogs, Sears bought time on radio stations, and then decided to form its own station. Just before the permanent station was ready, Sears began broadcasts on March 21, 1924 as WBBX with noon programs using the WMAQ studios. WLS was one of the original 50,000-watt Class I-A clear-channel stations which did not share its (original) frequency of 870 AM with any other station during nighttime (sunset to sunrise) hours, when AM radio signals can travel long distances via skywave.", "* ''Radio/APrairieHomeCompanion'' (radio variety show, running since 1974 with two very similar shows running during the breaks from 1987-89 and 1989-92. Garrison Keillor has been hosting this show, but not the very similar ones that ran during its breaks)", "In late 1972, ABC produced a pilot for a live-action musical variety show titled The Addams Family Fun-House. The cast included Jack Riley and Liz Torres as Gomez and Morticia (the pair also co-wrote the special), Stubby Kaye as Uncle Fester, Pat McCormick as Lurch and Butch Patrick (who had played Eddie Munster in The Munsters) as Pugsley. Felix Silla reprised his role of Cousin Itt, connecting it to the original TV series. The pilot aired in 1973, but was not picked up for a series. ", "Throughout the 1930s, in spite of the Great Depression, electricity, and with it radio, was coming into most American homes. By 1939 a majority of housewives considered the radio to be more indispensable to their homes than the clothes iron or the refrigerator. Although most radio listening was music and entertainment in the form of comedies and dramas, the various radio networks developed news departments. These began to rival print media, if not in depth of coverage, certainly in immediacy.", "In late 1972, ABC produced a pilot for a musical variety show titled The Addams Family Fun-House . The cast included Jack Riley and Liz Torres as Gomez and Morticia (the pair also co-wrote the special), Stubby Kaye as Uncle Fester, Pat McCormack as Lurch and Butch Patrick as Pugsley. The pilot aired in 1973, but was not picked up for a series.", "Ann B. Davis arrives at the 5th Annual TV Land Awards in Santa Monica, Calif., 2007. Emmy-winning actress Davis, who played the housekeeper on \"The Brady Bunch,\" has died at a San Antonio hospital on Sunday, June 1, 2014. She was 88. (AP Photo/Gus Ruelas, File)Gus Ruelas ", "Uncle Al, the Kiddies’ Pal – short-tempered host of a children’s show, who usually goes on the air with a hangover: “Oh, kiddies, Uncle Al had too much medicine last night.”" ]

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[ "On May 19, 1992, Quayle gave a speech entitled Reflections on Urban America to the Commonwealth Club of California on the subject of the Los Angeles riots. In this speech, Quayle blamed the violence on a decay of moral values and family structure in American society. In an aside, he cited the single mother title character in the television program Murphy Brown as an example of how popular culture contributes to this \"poverty of values\", saying, \"It doesn't help matters when prime time TV has Murphy Brown – a character who supposedly epitomizes today's intelligent, highly paid, professional woman – mocking the importance of fathers, by bearing a child alone, and calling it just another 'lifestyle choice'.\" ", "As stated above, The '90s was the era in which the Moral Guardians were always in a tizzy. While it was brewing in the '80s and early '90s ( Dan Quayle 's complaints about Murphy Brown , the moral panics over heavy metal and Satanic cults ), the presence of conservative Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush meant that the Christian Right felt itself to have a friend in the White House (regardless of how Reagan and Bush felt), and never felt truly pressured. However, the rise of Bill Clinton (the sax-playing, MTV-loving horndog who \" smoked but didn't inhale \") in 1992 and the high profile of his wife Hillary (who, during the election, gave off the image of a textbook Straw Feminist thanks to her snarky quotes about baking cookies and \"standing by my man like Tammy Wynette\") set off many religious conservatives. The first real shot was fired by Patrick Buchanan in his infamous \"culture war\"", "19 May 1992 - In a speech to the Commonwealth Club of California, Vice President Dan Quayle criticizes television character Murphy Brown for ignoring the importance of fathers and bearing a child alone.", "1992 In a speech to the Commonwealth Club of California, Vice President Dan Quayle criticizes television character Murphy Brown for ignoring the importance of fathers and bearing a child alone", "In September 1990, Barbara Bush infamously said in an interview for People magazine that The Simpsons was the dumbest thing she had ever seen. Six years later, an episode had George and Barbara Bush move to Springfield and leave after George gets involved in a feud with the Simpson family (in a style reminiscent of Dennis the Menace and Mr. Wilson). Mr. and Mrs. Bush were both portrayed by voice actors. One of the Simpsons DVD sets includes a special feature that presents an exchange of letters between the First Lady and show staff. In another address, Mr. Bush said that America needed to be closer to The Waltons than to The Simpsons, causing Bart to say they were a lot like the Waltons, since they were both praying for an end to the Depression (never take on a fictional character, as Dan Quayle later learned).", "The show tied itself into the events of the Los Angeles riots of 1992 , which were prompted by the acquittal of four white police officers who were put on trial for the videotaped beating of African American motorist Rodney King . [7] In a scene reminiscent of the Reginald Denny incident , tax attorney Stuart Markowitz is struck on the head by a rioter, and ends up having serious head injuries, causing a number of problems for him and his wife for several episodes as a result. [8]", "The 1992 Los Angeles riots are also known as the Rodney King Riots, the South Central Riots, the 1992 Los Angeles Civil Disturbance, and the 1992 Los Angeles Civil Unrest. In the South Korean immigrant community living in the Los Angeles metropolitan area , the 1992 Los Angeles Riots are referred to as Sah-E-Goo, meaning literally \"four-two-nine\" in the Korean language , in reference to the date of which the rioting started, April 29, 1992. [4] [5] [6]", "From 1972 to 1974, Hanna-Barbera produced Wait till Your Father Gets Home, an adult-oriented sitcom in the style of All in the Family. The series dealt with subjects such as feminism and the generation gap. In the 1990s, a number of animated television programs appeared which challenged the Standards & Practices guidelines, including The Simpsons, Beavis and Butt-Head, The Critic, The Brothers Grunt, Duckman, The Ren and Stimpy Show, and Rocko's Modern Life. The Simpsons originated from series of shorts appearing on The Tracey Ullman Show. Because the shorts and television series aired in prime time, the show was not censored as much as programs intended to air on Saturday mornings. In addition to the show's portrayal of brief nudity and mild language, the series has dealt with mature themes, subjects such as death, gambling addiction, religion and suicide.", "The season six premiere includes Whitley and Dwayne's recounting of their honeymoon in Los Angeles, during which four white police officers who were on trial for the videotaped beating of African American motorist Rodney King were acquitted of state criminal charges, sparking the 1992 Los Angeles riots. (Actors Roseanne Barr and Tom Arnold, comedian Gilbert Gottfried and rapper Sister Soulja made cameo appearances in this two-part episode.)", "tv , sitcom , ashley olsen , bob saget , '90s , mary-kate olsen , john stamos , 80s", "The “All in the Family” sitcom’s main character Archie Bunker was an ordinary working class bigot, whose family squabbles over issues of the day, showed Americans the narrow-mindedness of this country through spoofing prejudices, racism, biases and bigotry which unfortunately is part of human nature.", "Roseanne is an American sitcom that was broadcast on ABC from October 18, 1988, to May 20, 1997. Starring Roseanne Barr, the show revolved around the Conners, an Illinois working-class family. The series reached #1 in the Nielsen ratings becoming the most watched television show in the United States from 1989 to 1990, and remained in the top four for six of its nine seasons, and in the top twenty for eight seasons, TV Guide rated \"Roseanne\" as one of the greatest shows of all time.", "It was an American sitcom that reflected the move in the United States from the cultural liberalism of the 1960s and 1970s to the conservatism of the 1980s. This was particularly expressed through the relationship between young Republican Alex P. Keaton(Michael J. Fox) and his former-hippie parents, Elyse and Steven Keaton (Meredith Baxter-Britney and Michael Gross. -wikipedia", "During the first two seasons of The Simpsons, Bart was the show's breakout character and \"Bartmania\" ensued, spawning Bart Simpson-themed merchandise touting his rebellious attitude and pride at underachieving, which caused many parents and educators to cast him as a bad role model for children. Around the third season, the series started to focus more on the family as a whole, though Bart still remains a prominent character. Time named Bart one of the 100 most important people of the 20th century, and he was named \"entertainer of the year\" in 1990 by Entertainment Weekly. Nancy Cartwright has won several awards for voicing Bart, including a Primetime Emmy Award in 1992 and an Annie Award in 1995. In 2000, Bart, along with the rest of his family, was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.", "That quickly canceled 1990 NBC sitcom starred Robert Mitchum as an ornery homeless man recruited to masquerade as the grandfather of four orphaned upper-crust kids. In return he received free food and lodging, with homey life lessons learned all around.", "In Kindergarten Cop (1990), police officer Arnold Schwarzenegger went back to school. Sister Act (1992) starred Whoopi Goldberg as a singer who went into hiding for protection, and became a nun. Desperate divorcee Daniel Hillard (Robin Williams) cross-dressed to be a nanny in order to see his kids in Mrs. Doubtfire (1993). In the screwball comedy Bean (1997), Rowan Atkinson (in the title role that he originated on TV) was supposed to be an art expert looking after Whistler's Mother. The Farrelly Brothers' tasteless and raunchy romantic comedy There's Something About Mary (1998) included Ben Stiller experiencing a problem with his 'frank and beans' on prom night, and Cameron Diaz as his date - who also discovered a new form of hair gel. In Harold Ramis' crime comedy Analyze This (1999), Robert DeNiro was a Mafia boss with unresolved issues concerning his father that he discussed with psychiatrist Billy Crystal.", "This series starred veteran character actor Carroll O'Connor as Archie Bunker, a working-class, very outspoken bigot, prejudiced against everyone and everything not in agreement with his view of the world. His ignorance and stubbornness tend to cause his malapropism-filled arguments to self-destruct. He often responds to uncomfortable truths by blowing a raspberry. He longs for simpler times, when people sharing his viewpoint were in charge, as evidenced by the nostalgic theme song, \"Those Were the Days,\" the show's original title. (In the first pilot filmed, the family name was Justice rather than Bunker [2].)", "The earlier seasons, in black and white, subvert the dumb hick stereotype to good comic effect by portraying the patriarch, Jed Clampett [1] (played in a typically low-key performance by Buddy Ebsen) as being obviously a lot smarter than city-dwellers assumed, always getting the better of conmen. Milburn Drysdale (Raymond Bailey chews the scenery gleefully in most of his scenes) was actually a friend of the Clampetts, whom he genuinely liked, and did not attempt to swindle them besides his greedy persona. With the exception of Jethro, the Clampetts were never portrayed as stupid, only unfamiliar with their Beverly Hills environment.", "In 1990 William Bennett, who at the time was drug czar of the United States, visited a drug treatment centre in Pittsburgh and upon noticing a poster of Bart remarked, \"You guys aren't watching The Simpsons, are you? That's not going to help you any.\" When a backlash over the comment ensued, Bennett apologized, claiming he \"was just kidding\" and saying \"I'll sit down with the little spike head. We'll straighten this thing out.\" In a 1991 interview, Bill Cosby described Bart as a bad role model for children, calling him \"angry, confused, frustrated.\" In response, Matt Groening said, \"That sums up Bart, all right. Most people are in a struggle to be normal. He thinks normal is very boring, and does things that others just wished they dare do.\" On January 27, 1992, then-President George H. W. Bush said, \"We are going to keep on trying to strengthen the American family, to make American families a lot more like the Waltons and a lot less like the Simpsons.\" The writers rushed out a tongue-in-cheek reply in the form of a short segment which aired three days later before a rerun of \"Stark Raving Dad\" in which Bart replied, \"Hey, we're just like the Waltons. We're praying for an end to the Depression, too.\"", "Goodman became a household name upon joining the cast of the successful ABC sitcom Roseanne, where he played the titular character's husband Dan Conner. He played the role from 1988 to 1997 and even won a Golden Globe for his performance in 1993.", "In 1989, Terry Rakolta, a homemaker from Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, led a boycott against Married... with Children after viewing the episode Her Cups Runneth Over - 0306.[4] Offended by the images of an old man wearing a garter and stockings, the scene where Steve touches the panties of a mannequin dressed in S&M gear, a homosexual man wearing a tiara on his head (and Al's line, \"...and they wonder why we call them 'queens'\"), and a woman who takes off her bra in front of Al (and is shown with her arms covering her chest in the next shot), Rakolta began a letter-writing campaign to advertisers, demanding they boycott the show.", "This long-running comedy revolved around Archie Bunker ( Carroll O'Connor ), a working-class, World War II veteran, very outspoken bigot, prejudiced against everyone and everything not in agreement with his view of the world. His ignorance and stubbornness tend to cause his malapropism -filled arguments to self-destruct. He often responds to uncomfortable truths by blowing a raspberry . He longs for simpler times, when people sharing his viewpoint were in charge, as evidenced by the nostalgic theme song, \"Those Were the Days,\" the show's original title. (In the first pilot, the family name was Justice rather than Bunker.)", "Al (Ed O'Neill), Peg (Katey Sagal), Kelly (Christina Applegate), Bud (David Faustino) and Buck form the only television family that matters. Extra kudos to neighbors Steve (David Garrison), Marcy (Amanda Bearse) and the damn funny Jefferson D'Arcy (Ted McGinley) for helping expose the Bundys for who they really were: every American family. The were dysfunctional and absolutely hated one another, but they were as close as any family could be and when it came down to it, they were there for each other.", "When Jason Priestley guest-hosted Saturday Night Live in 1992, one of that episode's sketches, which parodied Beverly Hills 90210 involved that town's zip code being changed to 90218 due to the 1990 Census redistricting. Several of the characters take offense to the fact that Beverly Hills will be absorbed into poorer communities and convene at the Peach Pit, where a Hispanic busboy expresses pride that his native community of Reseda now shares the same zip code as the 90210 cast. The gang lashes out in different ways, with Dylan getting drunk and Donna and Kelly going impulse shopping. Priestley, in his role of Brandon, confiscates all their keys and puts them in a lockbox and gives them a tag to reclaim them when they regain self-control. The sketch ends with the zip code \"Beverly Hills, 90210\" retained as their rich and powerful parents lobbied the US government not to redistrict.", "In the first season of that show, which debuted in 1992, the producers brought together a disparate group of 20-somethings and encouraged sparks to fly. Julie, the Southern belle, offends Heather, a black rapper, by joking about how she could be a drug dealer. Eric, the white dude with boy-band hair, has a blowout with Kevin, who's black, after Eric insists that white privilege isn't a thing. None of this was accidental; as the intro to each episode says, the goal is — say it with me now — \"to find out what happens when people stop being polite, and start getting real.\"", "In the mid-nineties, he gained some notice on “Seinfeld,” in the recurring role of Tim Whatley, a smarmy “dentist to the stars.” And in 1996 he landed a guest spot as a homeless guy on “Diagnosis Murder,” starring Dick Van Dyke. Watching the episode now, you can see Cranston rising above the material, as when he instructs Van Dyke how to go undercover as a vagrant (walk like your feet hurt; lose the smile). Van Dyke says, “I told Bryan, ‘I haven’t seen anyone that good on the show.’ And then I told everyone I could about this guy.” Joe Cranston recalls, with perhaps a touch of exaggeration, that Van Dyke “took me by the shoulders and said, ‘Your son is the greatest actor of all time.’ ”", "In July 1991, there was a \"grand opening\" of Time-Warner's Comedy Central cable channel, a joint venture with Viacom (also Jewish-owned -- see later. Warner is also notorious for its distribution of some of the most anti-social and vicious \"rap\" songs in history, including a song called \"Cop Killa\" which evoked widespread condemnation and public protest towards the mega-corporation). The show aired at 5:45 PM, a prime time for children. Richard Clurman describes the program with disgust:", "It was a good little FOX TV movie back in the early-to-mid '90s about a young, good looking kid (Facinelli) who ran away from home and ended up selling his ass on the streets of LA. Jay played his roommate. He was quite heavy and had platinum hair in the movie (Jay), and his character was a total queen. He was really good in the role.", "    The following season though, the show decided to get more \"hip\". Gone were Dad and Grandma. Now Mork and Mindy had two new friends named Remo and Jean who ran the New York Deli. In keeping with Robin Williams sometimes raunchy humor, the shows humor went more adult. Only problem is that lots of the shows fans were kids. Back in elementary school, everyone watched the show. With the humor going more blue, many parents were less inclined to make it a family viewed show. There was one episode with Raquel Welch playing a sexy alien who had come to capture Mork. Another episode had Mork joining the Denver Bronco's cheerleading squad. It culminated in Robin Williams on the field at a real game in drag wearing a cheerleader outfit. The episode got huge amounts of hype and promotion. The network was then stunned when the episode scored numbers much much lower than expected.", "\"Real life wrote the gag\" in \"The Test,\" the opening episode of Season 3 (1990-91), with this line that referenced Roseanne Barr's controversial U.S. National Anthem performance at a baseball game in July 1990:", "This is the theory, you know how Family Guy got more mean-spirited as the series went on, well this is all because the characters are dead, and they are trying to make for crimes they've committed while they were alive, here are some examples:", "With Roseanne Barr, John Goodman, Laurie Metcalf, Michael Fishman. The story of a working class family struggling with life's essential problems: Marriage, Children ..." ]

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[ "The historic landmark pub was transformed from a long-standing neighborhood gathering spot for locals into one of Boston’s must-see stops for visitors after gaining notoriety as the location of the popular 1980’s TV sitcom, Cheers. The Cheers Pub was founded in 1969 and was discovered in 1981 by Hollywood couple Mary Ann and Glenn Charles. During their visit, they photographed the interior and exterior of the pub, which they gave to the set designer back in Hollywood to replicate for the set of the show. Cheers premiered on NBC in 1982 and remained on the air for 11 seasons, receiving over 100 Emmy nominations over the years. The pub eventually changed its name to Cheers to avoid confusion.", "Cheers is an American situation comedy television series that ran eleven seasons from 1982 to 1993. It was produced by Charles-Burrows-Charles Productions in association with Paramount Television (now CBS Paramount Television) for NBC, having been created by the team of James Burrows, Glen Charles, and Les Charles. The show is set in the Cheers bar (named for the toast \"Cheers\") in Boston, Massachusetts, where a group of locals meet to drink and have fun. The show's theme song was written by Judy Hart Angelo and Gary Portnoy and performed by Portnoy;[1] its famous refrain, Where Everybody Knows Your Name also became the show's tagline.", "Cheers obviously had several owners before Sam, as the bar was opened in 1889 (The \"Est. 1895\" on the bar's sign is a made-up date chosen by Carla for numerological purposes as revealed in the 8th season episode \"The Stork Brings a Crane\"). In the second episode, \"Sam's Women\", Norm tells a customer looking for the owner of Cheers that the man he thought was the owner has been replaced, and his replacement was replaced by Sam.", "Cheers is an American sitcom that ran for eleven seasons between 1982 and 1993. The show was produced by Charles/Burrows/Charles Productions in association with Paramount Network Television for NBC and created by the team of James Burrows , Glen Charles , and Les Charles . The show is set in a bar named Cheers in Boston , Massachusetts , where a group of locals meet to drink, relax, and socialize. The show's main theme song, written and performed by Gary Portnoy lent its famous refrain \" Where Everybody Knows Your Name \" as the show's tagline . [1]", "Cheers is a sitom that ran for 11 seasons on NBC from 1982 to 1993. The show is set in the Cheers bar (named for the toast \"Cheers\") in Boston, Massachusetts, where a group of locals meet to drink, relax, chat and have fun. The show's theme song, written and performed by Gary Portnoy, and co-written with Judy Hart Angelo, lent its famous refrain, \"Where Everybody Knows Your Name\", as the show's tagline.", "The bar was chosen as the fictional setting for Cheers , the popular American situation-comedy television series broadcast from 1982 to 1993.", "At the time the series debuted in 1982, Sam has been the bartender and owner of Cheers for five years.\"Give Me a Ring Sometime.\" Cheers: Season 1: The Complete First Season on DVD. Paramount, 2003. DVD.\"Sam at Eleven.\" 1982. Cheers: Season 1: The Complete First Season on DVD. Writ. Glen Charles and Les Charles. Paramount, 2003. DVD. Chronologically within the series, Sam Malone with Irish Catholic background dropped out of high school in his senior year to play professional baseball.\"Teacher's Pet\". 1985. Cheers: Season 3: The Complete Third Season on DVD. Paramount, 2004. DVD. He became a relief pitcher for the Boston Red Sox (wearing number 16), where he met Coach Ernie Pantusso (Nicholas Colasanto). Although his baseball career is less detailed throughout the series, Sam was not a good pitcher—his nickname was \"Mayday\", the universal distress call of ships and airplanes in extreme danger. Sam's baseball career declined when he became an alcoholic. Over time, Sam's role as a bartender turns him into the \"resident ringleader for an assortment of poor souls and wanna-be's\". ", "To Malone, Coach was a sort of surrogate father. After spending his meager life savings to buy Cheers, Mayday was wise to hire his former coach, a man who had helped him beat the bottle. The bar, which had first opened its door in 1889, fell into Malone's hands when Gus O'Malley decided to sell in 1982.", "\"Cheers\" Cheers is a situation comedy that is set in a Boston bar; its story line varied greatly. Cheers was one of America's most popular TV shows; it ran from 1982 to 1993.", "As the show’s popularity rose, it didn’t take long for word to spread that the Beacon Hill tavern was the “real” Cheers (though only the exterior shots were filmed there), turning the neighborhood hangout into a tourist attraction. To satisfy the masses, a second location—this one was actually called \"Cheers\" and featured a replica of the bar viewers were used to—was opened in nearby Faneuil Hall in 2001. One year later, the Bull & Finch officially changed its name to Cheers.", "Cheers started its eleven-year run with audience ratings so low that it was nearly cancelled in its first season. Instead, it ran from 1982 to 1993, and its 273 episodes are still regularly broadcast around the world, translated into dozens of languages.", "1982 – “ Cheers ” began an 11-year run on NBC-TV. The show ended on August 19, 1993.", "The first year of the show took place entirely within the confines of the bar, the first location outside the bar being Diane's apartment. When the series became a hit, the characters started venturing further afield, first to other sets and eventually to an occasional exterior location. The exterior location shots of the bar were of the Bull & Finch Pub , located directly north of the Boston Public Garden . The pub has become a tourist attraction because of its association with the series, and draws nearly one million visitors annually. [33] [44] It has since been renamed Cheers Beacon Hill; its interior is different from the TV bar. The Pub itself is at 84 Beacon Street. (On the corner of Brimmer St). From August 2001 until 2014, there was a replica of the bar in Faneuil Hall to capitalize on the popularity of the show.", "The lives of the disparate group of employees and patrons at a Boston watering hole called Cheers over eleven years is presented. Over much of this period, Sam Malone, a womanizing ex-Boston Red Sox pitcher and an alcoholic, owns the bar, its purchase and this life which was his salvation from his alcoholism which was largely the cause of the end of his baseball career. He ends up having a love-hate relationship with intellectual Diane Chambers, who he hires as a waitress and whose cultured mentality is foreign to anyone else in the bar. He also has an evolving relationship with Rebecca Howe, who managed the bar for the Lily Corporation which bought it from Sam, but whose outward business savvy belied the fact that she was a mess of a woman who was struggling to find her place in life. The regular patrons are largely a bunch of self-identified losers, who bond because of their shared place in life, and because Cheers is their home away from home, and in many ways more a home than ... Written by Huggo", "Over its eleven-season run, Cheers and its cast and crew earned many awards. Cheers earned 117 Emmy nominations. In addition, Cheers has earned 31 Golden Globe nominations with a total of 6 wins. All ten of the actors who were regulars on the series received Emmy nominations for their roles. Cheers won the Golden Globe for \"Best TV-Series - Comedy/Musical\" in 1991 and the Emmy for \"Outstanding Comedy Series\" in 1983, 1984, 1989 and 1991. Cheers was presented with the \"Legend Award\" at the 2006 TV Land Awards, with many surviving cast members attending the event.[12]", "Three men developed and created the Cheers television series: Charles brothers—Glen and Les—and James Burrows. The show centers around two characters, Sam Malone and Diane Chambers, similar to that of Spencer Tracy and Katharine Hepburn role types. Malone represents the average man, while Chambers represents class and sophistication. The show revolves around characters in a bar under humorous adult themes and situations.", "The concept for Cheers was the end result of a long consideration process. The original idea was a group of workers who interacted like a family, hoping to be similar to The Mary Tyler Moore Show. They considered making an American version of the British Fawlty Towers centered around a hotel or an inn. When the creators settled on a bar as their setting the show began to resemble the radio show Duffy's Tavern. They liked the idea of a tavern as it provided a continuous stream of new people arriving, giving them a constant supply of characters.[3]", "Cheers . The series begins with Sam coming out of the backroom and opening the bar. The series ends with Sam closing the bar and walking into the backroom.", "Cheers bartender and owner Sam Malone used to play as a relief pitcher for the Boston Red Sox. The recovering alcoholic is a notorious ladies' man who is unable to make his relationships last. âXFINITY Entertainment Staff (Photo: NBC)", "Cheers finished a lowly 77th in the ratings after its first season in 1982-83, performing poorly against Simon & Simon and Too Close for Comfort in its 9 p.m. Thursday time slot. Both Paramount and NBC believed in the show, however, and their tenacity certainly paid off. Cheers ended after 11 seasons, but only because Ted Danson decided to call it quits.", "The first year of the show took place entirely within the confines of the bar, the first location outside the bar being Diane's apartment. When the series became a hit, the characters started venturing further afield, first to other sets and eventually to an occasional exterior location. The exterior location shots of the bar were of the Bull & Finch Pub, located directly north of the Boston Public Garden. The pub has become a tourist attraction because of its association with the series, and draws nearly one million visitors annually. It has since been renamed Cheers Beacon Hill; its interior is different from the TV bar.", "Over its eleven-season run, the Cheers cast and crew earned many awards. The show garnered a record 111 Primetime Emmy Award nominations, with a total of 28 wins. In addition, Cheers earned 31 Golden Globe nominations, with a total of six wins. Danson, Long, Alley, Perlman, Wendt, Ratzenberger, Harrelson, Grammer, Neuwirth, and Colosanto all received Emmy nominations for their roles. Cheers won the Golden Globe Award for \"Best TV-Series – Comedy/Musical\" in 1991 and the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series in 1983, 1984, 1989, and 1991. The series was presented with the \"Legend Award\" at the 2006 TV Land Awards , with many of the surviving cast members attending the event. [57]", "Nearly all of Cheers took place in the front room of the bar, but the characters often went into the rear pool room or the bar's office. Cheers did not show any action outside the bar until the first episode of the second season, which took place in Diane's apartment.", "Nearly all of Cheers took place in the front room of the bar, but they often went into the rear pool room or the bar's office. Cheers didn't show any action outside the bar until the first episode of the second season, which took the action to Diane's apartment. Cheers had some running gags, such as Norm arriving in the bar greeted by a loud \"Norm!\" Early episodes generally followed Sam's antics with his various women, following a variety of romantic comedy clich�s to get out of whatever relationship troubles he was in for each episode. As the show progressed and Sam got into more serious relationships the general tone switched to comedy on Sam settling down into a monogamous lifestyle. Throughout the series, larger story arcs began to develop that spanned multiple episodes or seasons interspersed with smaller themes and one-off episodes.", "Original \"Cheers\" cast member Nicholas Colasanto was best known for his three-season stint as Coach Ernie Pantusso, a slow and often forgetful bartender. Colasanto died of a heart attack on February 12, 1985, at the age of 61 during the show's third season. âXFINITY Entertainment Staff (Photo: NBC)", "—The series was not filmed at Cheers Bar in Boston, but on a set in a TV studio in Los Angeles. The crowded, cramped interior of the actual Boston bar looks nothing like the spacious LA set.", "Cheers had several running gags , such as Norm arriving in the bar always saying \"Afternoon everybody\" and being greeted by a loud \"Norm!\" Early episodes generally followed Sam's antics with his various women, following a variety of romantic comedy clichés to get out of whatever relationship troubles he was in during each episode. As the show progressed and Sam got into more serious relationships, the general tone switched to a comedic take on Sam settling into a monogamous lifestyle. Throughout the series, larger story arcs began to develop that spanned multiple episodes or seasons, interspersed with smaller themes and one-off episodes.[ citation needed ]", "I believe that CHEERS jumped the shark when they took the episodes away from the bar. The bar episodes were funny but the ones away from it weren't so funny. Also the characters weren't in their \"natural\" environment. Sometimes the story made no sense what so ever. It would be based on the lesser characters and not the main ones. This is when Cheers jumped the shark.", "Cheers was perhaps the first sitcom with a serialized storyline, starting with the third season. The show's success helped make such multi-episode story arcs popular on television, which Les Charles regrets.", "That Ratzenberger was even on Cheers came as a bit of a stroke of luck. He tried out for the role of beer-slugging bar regular Norm, and after getting turned down -- in favor of Wendt -- he pitched a whole new character. Although he had spent the previous decade touring around Europe with his improv comedy group, the Connecticut native knew that back home in New England, every bar had a know-it-all, and he suggested that the show’s Boston-based pub best have one, too.", "* An episode from season 7 of Cheers is called \"How to Win Friends and Electrocute People\" as a play on the title of the book.", "The cast of the NBC comedy series \"Cheers.\" (NBC Television / Fotos International / Getty Images )" ]

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[ "One of the most beloved television personalities of her generation, Emmy Award-winning comedienne, actress and singer Vicki Lawrence is best known for her co-starring role on \"The Carol Burnett Show,\" and as the sharp-tongued matriarch, Thelma Harper, on the long-running television hit \"Mama's Family,\" a spin-off from the popular \"The Family\" sketches from \"The Carol Burnett Show.\" She's bringing both to The Palace Theater in Waterbury on Saturday, April 18. Her new stage show is a little bit Vicki Lawrence and little bit Mama, with both offering music, comedy and some real-life observations. The 66-year-old Lawrence was home in Long Beach, Calif., soaking in the sun, wishing for a little rain, and really quite mellow compared to her well-known \"Mama\" persona as she spilled the Beans with Java.", "NBC premiered the show Mama's Family (a spinoff of The Carol Burnett Show) on January 22, 1983, starring Vicki Lawrence. NBC canceled the series in May 1984, but the show continued to produce new episodes as an extremely successful first-run syndication program through 1990. Children of the '80s could always catch a syndicated episode of Mama's Family on afternoon TV. (New viewers may require a family tree to keep track of the characters.)", "In her nearly three-hour Archive interview, Vicki Lawrence discusses her early experience in a high school musical troupe called Young Americans. She explains how a letter she wrote to Carol Burnett (along with her striking resemblance to the star) wound up jump-starting her career. She outlines her first job, on The Carol Burnett Show, where she played \"Little Sis\" and was mentored by cast-mates Harvey Korman and Tim Conway. She details her spin-off show, Mama's Family, and the genesis of her character, \"Mama\", on \"The Family\" sketches on the Burnett show. She discusses being the first female game-show host on Win, Lose, or Draw, getting her own TV talk show, Vicki!, and chronicles her many guest-roles on The Love Boat, Laverne & Shirley, and Hannah Montana, among others. Stephen J. Abramson conducted the interview in Long Beach, CA on August 10, 2011.", "The Carol Burnett Show (also Carol Burnett and Friends in syndication) is an American variety/sketch comedy television show starring Carol Burnett, Harvey Korman, Vicki Lawrence and Lyle Waggoner. In 1975, frequent guest star Tim Conway became a regular when Waggoner left this show due to a mutual agreement with the producer about the series not having reruns. In 1977, Dick Van Dyke replaced Korman for much of its final season. The show originally ran on CBS from September 11, 1967, to March 29, 1978, for 279 episodes, and again with nine episodes in the fall of 1991. The series originated in CBS Television City's Studio 33 and won 25 prime-time Emmy Awards, was ranked No. 16 on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time in 2002, and in 2007 was listed as one of Time magazine's \"100 Best TV Shows of All Time\". ", "Comedian Vicki Lawrence, better known for her roles on The Carol Burnett Show and Mama's Family had a major pop and country hit with non-comedic song \"The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia\".", "Carol Burnett and her TV warriors entertained us with song, dance and comedy for over ten years. The Carol Burnett Show was one of television's most successful variety shows of all time. Jim Nabors was considered her good luck charm as he appeared on the first show. The show raked in the Emmy Awards. The CBS variety show began on September 11, 1967 and ended its successful run on March 29, 1978. Among Carol Burnett's comic characterizations were Mr. Tudball and Mrs. Wiggins with Tim Conway, Eunice and Ed with Harvey Korman, Eunice and Ed were always at odds with Eunice's mother played by Vicki Lawrence. \"As The Stomach Turns\" was a continuing soap-opera saga.", "   There are lots of examples of this kind of spin off: The Tracey Ullman Show and The Simpsons, The Jackie Gleason Show and The Honeymooners and, our topic, The Carol Burnett Show and Mama's Family.", "*Mama's Family (1983–1984) (spin-off of The Family sketches, from The Carol Burnett Show) — Alistair Quince/Host; Ed Higgins/Eunice's husband", "The popular variety show not only established Burnett as a television superstar, but it also made her regular supporting cast household names, with such sketches as \"As the Stomach Turns\", (a parody of As the World Turns) and \"Went with the Wind!\" (a spoof of Gone with the Wind), \"Carol & Sis\", \"Mrs. Wiggins\", \"The Family\" (which would lead to a made-for-TV movie titled Eunice, as well as a spin-off television series titled Mama's Family), \"Nora Desmond\" (Burnett's send-up of Gloria Swanson's character Norma Desmond in Sunset Boulevard), and \"Stella Toddler\". A frequent repeated segment was \"Kitchen Commercials\", in which cast members parodied TV commercials that drove a woman (Burnett) crazy. The long-running show was frequently nominated for Emmys for best variety series and won three times.", "When The Carol Burnett Show made its network debut on CBS-TV in September 1967, it was scheduled on Monday nights at 10:00 pm opposite NBC’s I Spy and ABC’s The Big Valley. At the end of its first season and through the spring of 1971, it consistently ranked among the top 30 programs. (For the 1969–70 season, it posted its highest rating ever, ranking at #13.) For season five, CBS moved the show to Wednesday nights at 8:00 pm, where its chief competition was NBC’s Adam-12 and the ABC sitcoms Bewitched and The Courtship of Eddie's Father. Despite the schedule change, the show continued to do well until the fall of 1972, when the ratings slipped. In December 1972, CBS again moved The Carol Burnett Show to Saturday nights at 10:00 pm (EST) where, for the next four years, it not only received solid ratings, but was also part of a powerhouse Saturday night lineup of primetime shows that included All in the Family, M*A*S*H, The Mary Tyler Moore Show, and The Bob Newhart Show.", "Was friends with comedienne Vicki Lawrence . She was a veteran from his USO shows and Hope worked with her in The Carol Burnett Show (1967). He guest=starred twice on Vicki's own talk show, Vicki! (1992).", "Carol Burnett (1933 - ) An American actress, comedian, singer, and writer. Best known for her TV variety show, The Carol Burnett Show. Born in San Antonio, TX (546)", "*The Carol Burnett Show (1967–78) featured a recurring skit, \"As the Stomach Turns\", that spoofed the American soap opera As the World Turns.", "This successful series aired for 10 years and spawned several sitcom spinoffs, including Laverne & Shirley, Mork & Mindy, Joanie Loves Chachi, Blansky’s Beauties and Out of the Blue. Its also credited with the phrase ‘ jumping the shark’ for its episode about Fonzie’s escapades to waterski over a shark in the fifth season of the show, and a noted time when the show was past its prime.", "Sang with the Young Americans musical group from 1965 to 1967. When she got discovered by Comedian Carol Burnett , the director pulled her over telling her this is shot in a dark and if she leaves the group she can't come back and that he will not hold her spot if things don't work out, Vicki decided to take the chance and left the group to starred in the acclaimed show The Carol Burnett Show (1967), which Vicki will receive Emmy for.", "Carol Burnett was a television pioneer, entertaining millions with her rubbery face and comic sensibilities for an incredible 11 year run on her variety program. Beloved by friends, coworkers, and fans alike, she came from an impoverished, arduous upbringing  (Harvey Korman says, \"her father was an alcoholic, her mother was an alcoholic, her maid was an alcoholic, her milkman was an alcoholic\") and used theater and comedy as a form of therapy.  With interviews with show collaborators and friends including Tim Conway, the recently deceased Korman, along with Burnett herself, we get a touching glimpse into her life as well as a sample of her work which serves as nostalgia during this time of creative wreckage in television.", "CBS wanted to renew the show for another year, but by this time, Burnett had grown tired of the weekly grind and wanted to explore acting roles outside of the comedy genre, despite her success in it. With the changes in cast along with the mediocre ratings, she felt that television was undergoing a transition and that the variety series format was on its way out. Therefore, Burnett decided to end the series on her own rather than be canceled later. Thus, on March 29, 1978, in a special two-hour finale entitled \"A Special Evening with Carol Burnett\", The Carol Burnett Show left prime-time television after 11 years, finishing its last season in 66th place. Reruns were aired during the summer of 1978.", "After ending of The Carol Burnett Show (1967) Vicki moved to Hawaii. She lived across the street from her best friend and Mentor Carol Burnett who moved to Hawaii shortly after Vicki did. Vicki moved back to California first because of boredom and Carol also moved back to California shortly after Vicki did. Actor Jim Nabors was also a neighbor.", "Fictional residents of the town were portrayed in a 1986 comedic mini series titled \"Fresno\", featuring Carol Burnett, Dabney Coleman, Teri Garr and Charles Grodin, along with numerous other celebrities. The mini series was presented as a parody of the prime time soap operas popular in the 1980s.", "Ellen (originally titled These Friends of Mine during its first season but was changed so not to be confused with Friends) is an American television sitcom that aired on the ABC network from March 29, 1994, to July 22, 1998, consisting of 109 episodes. The title role is Ellen Morgan, played by stand-up comedian Ellen DeGeneres, a neurotic bookstore owner in her thirties.", "Seinfeld is an American television sitcom that originally ran for nine seasons on NBC from July 5, 1989, to May 14, 1998. It was created by Larry David and Jerry Seinfeld , the latter starring as a fictionalized version of himself . Set predominantly in an apartment block in Manhattan ‘s Upper West Side in New York City, the show features a handful of Jerry’s friends and acquaintances, particularly best friend George Costanza ( Jason Alexander ), former girlfriend Elaine Benes ( Julia Louis-Dreyfus ), and neighbor across the hall Cosmo Kramer ( Michael Richards ).", "Season 1 episode 15 of The Carol Burnett Show featured a comedy skit that parodied Born Free. It aired 1 January 1968 and starred Carol Burnett, Harvey Korman, and Tim Conway.", "In 1994, reruns of the syndicated Carol Burnett and Friends package aired on Nickelodeon. The show also aired on The Family Channel in 1996 and on TV Land as part of that network's inaugural lineup. Beginning in January 2015, the show airs on Me-TV at 11:00 EST. ", "WHERE IS SHE TODAY? She is still married to Al Schultz and continues to act. She was most recently seen on the 2005 TV Land Awards Show with the cast of the Carol Burnett Show to accept the legend award. To find more on Vicki, please visit her official website (see link below).", ". Over the years, people misremembered the show as The Carol Burnett Show . The story of the clip can be found here", "Empty Nest is an American sitcom that originally aired on NBC from 1988 to 1995. The series was created as a spin-off of The Golden Girls by creator and producer Susan Harris. For its first three seasons, Empty Nest was one of the year's top 10 most-watched programs. It was produced by Witt/Thomas/Harris Productions in association with Touchstone Television. ", "The show featured James Broderick and Sada Thompson as Doug and Kate Lawrence. Doug was an independent lawyer , and Kate was a housewife. They had three children: Nancy (portrayed by Elayne Heilveil in the original mini-series and later by Meredith Baxter Birney ), Willie ( Gary Frank ), Letitia, nicknamed \"Buddy\" ( Kristy McNichol ) and the family later adopted a girl named Annie Cooper ( Quinn Cummings ). The show attempted to depict the \"average\" family, warts and all. Storylines were very topical, and the show was one of the first to feature shows to be termed as \" very special episodes .\" In the first episode, Nancy, who was pregnant with her second child, walked in on her husband Jeff ( John Rubinstein ) making love to one of her friends. Other topical storylines included Kate having to deal with the possibility that she had breast cancer. In the later seasons, there were instances in which Buddy had to decide whether or not to have sex (She always chose to wait, most notably in an episode with guest star/teen idol Leif Garrett ). One episode featured guest-star Henry Fonda as a visiting elderly relative who was beginning to experience senility.", "Notable shows that debuted in the late 1990s include the quirky dramedy Ally McBeal and traditional sitcom That '70s Show , Fox's second-longest-running live-action sitcom behind Married... with Children .", "The Dick Van Dyke Show is an American television sitcom which initially aired on CBS from October 3, 1961 until June 1, 1966. There were 158 episodes plus one reunion telecast. The show was created by Carl Reiner and starred Dick Van Dyke and Mary Tyler Moore.", "• Starred in a sitcom which was a spin-off of the TV series Friends. Matt LeBlanc", "The Beverly Hillbillies is one of the funniest and most inspired TV comedies of all time! The show was ranked #1 and attracted as many as 60 million viewers per week! The Clampett Clan includes Bud...", "In 1987, Carol Burnett starred in a television movie in which she portrayed all three female roles. Starring opposite her were Hal Holbrook as Sam Nash, Dabney Coleman as Jesse Kiplinger, and Richard Crenna as Roy Hubley. Burnett was also the executive producer. " ]

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[ "'<mark>Donald Bellisario</mark> was creator and executive producer of JAG, NCIS, and other television series including Magnum PI, Airwolf, and Quantum Leap. A recent lawsuit 1 in Los Angeles brought against CBS by him and his personal services company illustrates'", "Bellisario, who created \"Airwolf,\" also is the co-creator and executive producer of CBS' hit \"Magnum, P.I.\" In that series, as in CBS' \"Airwolf,\" helicopters play a prominent role, although they receive greater prominence in the latter program.", "Heading in the complete opposite direction was Donald P. Bellisario and Glen Larson’s Magnum P.I., produced for CBS. Magnum, while not great television, is endlessly watchable television and not nearly as formulaic as its reputation suggests. Though it was nowhere near as serialized as, say, Hill Street Blues, the characters grew and changed over time, and the mystery of the Masters, at whose behest Thomas Magnum lived so easily, grew over the course of the series. The show was a testament to the strength of solid writing and likable actors on TV. Bellisario has always been a solid craftsman, and his scripts tend to emphasize fun, tough-guy action. Tom Selleck became one of the biggest TV stars of all time and the show also featured a fun John Hillerman performance as Higgins. ", "Magnum, P.I. is an American television series starring Tom Selleck as Thomas Magnum, a private investigator living on Oahu, Hawaii. The series ran from 1980 to 1988 in first-run broadcast on the American CBS television network.", "Magnum, P.I. was an American television show that followed the adventures of Thomas Magnum (played by Tom Selleck), a private investigator living in Hawaii. The show aired eight seasons on the CBS network from 1980 to 1988. Thomas Sullivan Magnum IV is a former U.S. Navy SEAL and Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI) officer, who was awarded the Navy Cross and strongly prefers being called “private investigator” over “private eye” or “private detective.” He lives in the guest house of a posh beachfront estate (“Robin’s Nest”) on the island of Oahu, at the invitation of its owner, celebrity author of lurid novels Robin Masters (whose face is never actually seen), in exchange for his expertise in quality control of the estate’s security. Magnum is a graduate of the Naval Academy, where he played quarterback, and left the Navy in disillusionment after approximately ten years service.", "The creator of JAG, Donald P. Bellisario, served for four years in the U.S. Marine Corps, and after having worked his way up through advertising jobs, he landed his first network television job as a story editor for the World War II-era series Baa Baa Black Sheep, where he got a habit of promoting a consistent promilitary stance in a business where he got the perception that \"antiwar\" and \"antisoldier\" mentality were the commonplace. The stereotype in the post-Vietnam war era of \"crazed Vietnam veterans\" was notably subverted, by not just one, but three of the main characters, in Magnum P.I., of which Bellisario was the co-creator. ", "Many of Bellisario's protagonists are current or former members of the United States armed forces. Tom Selleck's character in Magnum, P.I. was a United States Naval Academy graduate, former SEAL officer and Vietnam veteran; Jan-Michael Vincent's character in Airwolf was a Vietnam veteran; Commander Harmon \"Harm\" Rabb, Jr., the main character of JAG, was a Naval Academy graduate and former Naval Aviator; and NCISs main character, Leroy Jethro Gibbs, is a retired Marine Corps Gunnery Sergeant and Scout Sniper; Jake Cutter (Stephen Collins) from Tales of the Gold Monkey was a former Flying Tigers pilot; Albert \"Al\" Calavicci in Quantum Leap was a former Naval Aviator, Vietnam prisoner of war and Rear Admiral. Several of his main characters share August 8 as their birthday.", "With the exception of Magnum PI ,Quantom Leap is the only quality series that Donald Bellasario has involved.Not Jagg or NCIS.Those might stay tv and might in reruns,but no way are as watchable or as quality as the two other shows mentioned.Magnum was often a character study of the main star and freind,with a action and Quantum Leap was basically Here Comes Mr.Jordan the Series.", "In \"Magnum, P.I.,\" which aired form 1980 to 1988, Selleck's character moved his Hawaiian shirts into the guesthouse of the property, which was owned by absentee homeowner and novelist, Robin Masters. However, Magnum's foil was Jonathan Quayle Higgins III, who oversaw the property (along with his Doberman Pinschers, Zeus and Apollo), and gave Magnum a hard time about using the property's many amenities.", "The original theme music for the opening credits of the pilot episode was a mid-tempo jazzy piece by Ian Freebairn-Smith. This music was also used for the next nine regular episodes. Beginning in Episode 12, it was replaced by a more uptempo theme more typical of 1980s action series by Mike Post and Pete Carpenter with guitar by Larry Carlton. (This theme had been used during the show and over the closing credits since Episode 8.) A longer version of this second theme (\"Theme from Magnum P.I.\", clocking in at 3:25) credited to Post was released as a 7\" single by Elektra Records in 1982 and charted on the Billboard Hot 100 that same year, peaking at No. 25 on 8 May 1982. This version also appeared on Post's 1982 album Television Theme Songs. ", "Thomas Sullivan Magnum IV, a private investigator, played by Tom Selleck, resides in the guest house of a posh, 200-acre (81 ha) beachfront estate, known as Robin's Nest, in Hawaii, at the invitation of its owner, Robin Masters, the celebrated-but-never-seen author of several dozen lurid novels. Ostensibly this is quid pro quo for Magnum's services based upon Magnum's expertise in security; the pilot and several early episodes suggest Magnum also did Masters a favor of some kind, possibly when Masters hired him for a case. The voice of Robin Masters, heard only a few times per season, was provided by Orson Welles (one last \"appearance\" was provided by a different actor, Reid Crandell).", "An episode of the TV series Magnum PI has Magnum blowing up Higgin's model of the Bridge on the River Kwai. [citation needed]", "With Magnum living a luxurious life on the estate and operating as a P.I. on cases that suit him, the only thorn in the side of this near-perfect lifestyle on the estate is Jonathan Quayle Higgins III, played by John Hillerman, an ex-British Army Sergeant Major, a (on the surface) stern, \"by-the-book\" ex-soldier, whose strict ways usually conflict with Magnum's much more easy-going methods. He patrols Robin's Nest with his two highly trained \"lads\", Doberman Pinschers, Zeus and Apollo. Often as a humorous aside during various episodes of the series, Magnum must bargain with Higgins for use of estate amenities other than the guest house and the Ferrari 308 GTS (e.g., tennis courts, wine cellar, expensive cameras).", "On October 1, 2013, Universal released Magnum, P.I. - The Complete Series on DVD in Region 1. The 42-disc set features all 162 episodes of the series as well as bonus features. ", "While the house is known as the \"Magnum, P.I.\" house by locals, the estate was also used in several other shows, including 10 episodes of the original \"Hawaii Five-O\" as well as \"Charlie's Angeles\" and \"Murder, She Wrote.\"", "Answers 1. Magnum; 2. Poirot; 3. Frost; 4. Starsky; 5. Cagney and Lacy; 6. Taggart; 7. Nick Rowan; 8. Sherlock Holmes; 9. Jane Tennison; 10. Sam Tyler; 11. Dempsey and Makepeace; 12. Monk; 13. George Dixon; 14. Curtis Lemansky; 15. Inspector Morse", "Boardwalk Empire is an American period crime drama television series created by Terence Winter and airing on premium cable channel HBO. The series is set in Atlantic City, New Jersey during the Prohibition era and stars Steve Buscemi as Nucky Thompson. Winter, a Primetime Emmy Award-winning screenwriter and producer, created the show, inspired by the book Boardwalk Empire: The Birth, High Times, and Corruption of Atlantic City by Nelson Johnson about historical criminal kingpin Enoch L. Johnson. ", "According to the Nielsen ratings, Magnum, P.I. consistently ranked in the top twenty U.S. television programs during the first five years that the series was originally broadcast in the United States. ", "Arlington, Va.: One of the things I loved about Magnum P.I. was that beneath all the crowd pleasing shots of the Ferrari racing through beautiful scenery was a dark story about a hero with personal demons who suffered a lot. Your new shows seem much more straightforward and establishment based -- is that because you don't think today's audiences are as open to some of Magnum's ambiguity?", "Homicide was adapted (by producer/director Barry Levinson and film critic-turned-screenwriter Paul Attanasio) from an award-winning nonfiction book by a Baltimore Sun reporter named David Simon, who had spent a year embedded with a Baltimore police homicide unit. Though Simon originally declined an opportunity to work on the TV program, he began writing for the series in its second season, and came on board as a producer in season 6. His growing TV experience gave him the confidence to handle the adaptation of another of his nonfiction books into an HBO miniseries, The Corner . And from there, Simon went about constructing a series from scratch. The result was perhaps the best-ever TV series, period: The Wire .", "* Michelle Hue — the love of Magnum's life (played by Marta DuBois); she and Magnum married in Vietnam but the devoutly Catholic Michelle had the marriage annulled after her first husband, a North Vietnamese general who was presumed dead, resurfaced. Magnum had believed that Michelle was killed during the 1975 evacuation of Saigon. Seasons 2–8", "The resulting novel, Life of Pi, became the smash-hit for which Martel had been longing. Selling well over a million copies and receiving the accolades of Book Magazine, Publisher's Weekly, Library Journal, and, yes, the New York Times Review of Books, Life of Pi has been published in over 40 countries and territories, in over 30 languages. It is currently in production by Fox Studios with a script by master-of-whimsy Jean-Pierre Jeunet (City of Lost Children; Amélie) and directorial duties to be handled by Alfonso Cuarón (Y tu mamá también; Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban).", "Thomas Magnum, private investigator, lived the high life in a 200-acre beachfront estate in Hawaii as the guest of an unseen author. Helped by English estate manager Higgins, he solved cases for clients who, more often than not, were beautiful women. Tom Selleck starred in the 162 episodes between 1980 and 1987.", "The creator of the 'other' famous spy series is also the originator of the premise that birthed The Man from U.N.C.L.E.", "Robocop (1987): The film centers on police officer Alex Murphy (played by Peter Weller) who is brutally murdered and subsequently revived by the malevolent mega-corporation OCP as a superhuman cyborg law enforcer known as \"RoboCop\".", "What the remakers fail to grasp is that the reason Steve and Five-O were able to track down international criminals & terrorists was due to their methodical, diligent and absolutely uber-thorough police work. This was an elite team at the top of their game. McGarrett, Danno, Chin and Kono, they was some bad-ass PO�LICE.", "Armando Iannucci is a writer and producer, best known for his work on Alan Partridge, In the Loop and Veep.", "Joy Lusco Kecken began her career as an assistant to Homicide producer Henry Brommell and later wrote two episodes of Homicide. She wrote for the first three seasons of The Wire before returning as an episodic director for the fifth season.", "I suppose I’m making Magnum Force sound schlocky. Actually, it’s underrated. I love the way it inverts the premise of the original film, something too few sequels attempt. Seemingly inspired by film critics’ cries that Dirty Harry lionized a fascist hero, Magnum Force finds Harry facing off against a secret vigilante hit squad within the San Francisco Police Department—-guys who when it comes to law and order occupy a remote outpost of the political spectrum somewhere to the right of the infamous homicide Inspector “Dirty” Harry Callahan. There’s a great scene wherein their leader tells Harry he expected they would have his support.", "When he returned to the States, he and Paul Coates (1921–1968) developed Confidential File, a documentary television series. Kershner worked as writer, director, cinematographer, and editor. He later developed and directed the television series The Rebel (1959–61), as well as the pilots for Peyton Place, Cain's Hundred, Philip Marlowe, and others.", "Nice Guy Eddie is a six part television drama produced by the BBC Northern Ireland. The story follows warm hearted private detective Eddie McMullen (Ricky Tomlinson) and his family, who live in Liverpool, England. During episode 4 Eddie and his outspoken wife Ronnie (Rachel Davies) argue and Eddie disappears. Ronnie believes that Eddie is being silly and has run away but in reality he and his daughter Laura (Stephanie Waring) are in serious danger.moreless", "  Entourage (TV Series) (2 episodes, 2006) (writer - 3 episodes, 2004 - 2010) (performer - 1 episode, 2010)" ]

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[ "Daktari (Swahili for \"doctor\") is an American children's drama series that aired on CBS between 1966 and 1969. The series, an Ivan Tors Films Production in association with MGM Television, stars Marshall Thompson as Dr. Marsh Tracy, a veterinarian at the fictional Wameru Study Centre for Animal Behaviour in East Africa.", "The Daktari TV show was a 60 minute, adventure/ drama series on CBS about a veterinarian and conservationist (Dr. Tracy) who ran an animal study station in Africa along with his daughter (Paula), an American (Jack Dane), and a native African guy. Perhaps the two most beloved characters were Paula's pets, \"Clarence, the Cross-Eyed Lion\" and the mischievious \"Judy the Chimpanzee\".", "An orphaned baby elephant? A lion with a brain tumor? Call Dr. Marsh Tracy! This lovingly remembered show from executive producer Ivan Tors (Sea Hunt, Flipper, Gentle Ben) stars Marshall Thompson as a dedicated veterinarian who runs an animal research center in Africa with the help of his daughter, two courageous aides, a mischievous chimp and a cross-eyed lion named Clarence. Action, laughs and breathtaking encounters with exotic animals highlight the 18 Episodes of the Complete Season One as Tracy and his crew handle everything from poachers to diamond thieves to a raging fire that threatens the nearby game preserve. \"Daktari\" may mean\"doctor\" in Swahili, but for viewers it means uplifting family fun!", "; Maj. Callendar : The British head doctor and Aziz's superior at the hospital. He is more openly racist than any other male character. Rumors circulate among Indians that Callendar actually tortured an injured Indian by putting pepper instead of antiseptic on his wounds.", "* Julian Holloway appears in a Carry On one last time, playing Major Butcher, the camp’s doctor.", "Third season. A smash hit when it debuted January, 1966, Daktari spawned a host of imitators and lasted three seasons.", "Back-Alley Doctor : The \"Veterinarian's Hospital\" sketches put him in the role of Dr. Bob, \"a quack who's gone to the dogs\".", "Except one day, in the station tea room, she has a speck of dirt in her eye which is removed by a passing doctor, Alec Harvey, played by Tom Martin, who - a bit of type casting here - is a doctor.", "The malingering \"Commander\" Shears, shaving in the medical hut, has lied about his rank to get preferential treatment reserved for officers. He tells the touring Nicholson that he and the Australian are the only remaining survivors of the original POWs who built the camp: \"Mostly Aussies, some Lime, some British, Indians, Burmese, Siamese...They died, of malaria, dysentery, beriberi, gangrene. Other causes of death: famine, overwork, bullet wounds, snake bites, Saito. And then there were some who just got tired of living.\" As Shears is examined by Army POW Doctor Major Clipton (James Donald) on a cot, he tells Nicholson: \"Don't bother about me, Colonel. I'm not anxious to get off the sick list.\"", "* Anita Harris (2) had a substantial role in Doctor, followed by a smaller, but memorable, appearance in Follow That Camel", "These were the last words of Capt. Manoj Pandey, PVC . When he was destroying the enemies during Kargil war. He was injured on the shoulder and legs. Undaunted and without caring for his grievous injuries, he continued to lead the assault on the enemy position urging his men and destroyed the same with a grenade, even as he got a fatal burst on his forehead.", "Sanju Bhagat's stomach was once so swollen he looked nine months pregnant and could barely breathe. iving in the city of Nagpur, India, Bhagat said he'd felt self-conscious his whole life about his big belly. But one night in June 1999, his problem erupted into something much larger than cosmetic worry. Mehta said that he can usually spot a tumor just after he begins an operation. But while operating on Bhagat, Mehta saw something he had never encountered. As he cut deeper into Bhagat's stomach, gallons of fluid spilled out — and then something extraordinary happened. \"First, one limb came out, then another limb came out. Then some part of genitalia, then some part of hair, some limbs, jaws, limbs, hair.\"", "Later, the new GP pays Dr Masud a visit and wants him to stop seeing patients \"off the record\". Dr Masud admits his fault and invites Dr Hassan to stay for dinner. Dr Hassan refuses, however, but changes his mind when he claps eyes on Shazia.", "When Khan was with patients in the Lassa ward, he wore a type of biohazard outfit known as personal protective equipment, or P.P.E. At Kenema, the outfit consisted of a full-body suit and head covering made of white Tyvek fabric, a breathing mask, a plastic face shield and goggles, two pairs of surgical gloves, one pair of rubber gloves, rubber boots, and a plastic apron. Patients with Lassa had seizures and hemorrhages and went into comas, and many of them died, despite excellent care. In the evening, Khan liked to watch soccer games on television with friends, and when he got tired on his rounds he would sit in a plastic chair for a moment, chatting with people as he drank a can of Sprite.", "He got into the good books of Ranjit Singh by offering to cure the horse and injected the anti-dote of whatever he had infected the leg with. Later he assumed the role of Ranjit Singh’s personal doctor. He was responsible for preparing all these aphrodisiac potions with crushed pearls . He treated the Maharaja by dispensing “Dulcamara” in wine and galvanic cell electric shocks.", "The Civil Surgeon, Aziz's superior at the hospital. An exceptionally intolerant and bad-tempered man who is forever making snide remarks against the Indians and against those Englishmen, like Fielding, who side with the Indians. Throughout the book he takes advantage of Aziz, exploiting his professional talents without making any effort to treat him decently in return.", "after a battle with stomach cancer , an illness which ruled him out of the filming for For Your Eyes Only after he had been cast to appear in the film. Out of respect, no new actor was hired to take over the role of M. In the film, M's lines were transferred to the Minister of Defence and Bill Tanner , M's Chief of Staff.", "; Dr. Aziz : A young Muslim Indian physician who works at the British hospital in Chandrapore, which is said to have been based on the city of Bankipur, a suburb of Patna in the state of Bihar. He relies heavily on intuition over logic, and he is more emotional than his best friend, Fielding. He makes friends easily and seems quite garrulous at times. His chief drawback is an inability to view a situation without emotion, which Forster suggests is a typical Indian difficulty. Aziz seems to possess a profound love for his late wife but only thinks of her intermittently. Initially he is somewhat indifferent to the British colonists, but comes to resent them after his treatment during the trial.", "Remains from the early Harappan periods of the Indus Valley Civilization (c. 3300 BCE) show evidence of teeth having been drilled dating back 9,000 years. Susruta was an ancient Indian surgeon commonly credited as the author of the treatise Sushruta Samhita. He is dubbed as the \"founding father of surgery\" and his period is usually placed between the period of 1200 BC – 600 BC. One of the earliest known mention of the name is from the Bower Manuscript where Sushruta is listed as one of the ten sages residing in the Himalayas. Texts also suggest that he learned surgery at Kasi from Lord Dhanvantari, the god of medicine in Hindu mythology. It is one of the oldest known surgical texts and it describes in detail the examination, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of numerous ailments, as well as procedures on performing various forms of cosmetic surgery, plastic surgery and rhinoplasty. ", "There have been dozens of success stories over the years. There is Gerges Sami, from Aswan, who came to the UK for treatment in 1998 after a mission in Egypt ran out of time to treat him. Although he still lives in poor conditions he is now in excellent health. And there is Nesma Mahmood, who was treated in Cairo two years ago and was given surgery for a hole in the heart. The most famous patient was Arnaud Wambo, a seven-year-old boy from Cameroon. In 1996 Yacoub performed a four-hour heart operation on him at Harefield Hospital, Middlesex, watched by the late Diana, Princess of Wales, who was fully kitted out in a surgical gown.", "Born in Dreghorn, Ayrshire, he qualified as a vet at nineteen. He studied to be a veterinary surgeon at the Dick Vet, University of Edinburgh, a profession he pursued for nearly ten years at home, moving to Downpatrick, Ireland, in 1867.", "Mathur, Medical Superintendent, Govt Medical College, Jodhpur; Dr Ritu Nayar, Professor, Northwestern University, USA; Dr Nilima Kshirsagar, ex-Dean and Director, Seth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital Mumbai; Dr K K Deepak, Professor of Physiology, AIIMS, New Delhi; Dr Madhuri Behari, Professor and Head of Neurology, AIIMS, New Delhi; Dr S Belawadi, Professor of Microbiology, Vaidehi Medical CollegeBangalore and Dr R G Wiseman Pinto. The topics covered in the VCD include kidney transplant, pediatric urology, communication skills, medical education, advances in hearing restoration, problems in elderly, breast cancer, anorectal malformations, cervical cytology, papillary and spindle cell lesions of the breast, head and neck cancers, vector borne diseases, thyroid diseases, ocular cytology, human papilloma virus, molecular biology, fungal diseases, malaria, medical ethics, mysteries of the brain, nosocomial infections, tumors of the foot, etc. The VCDs are available with Dr Wiseman Pinto.", "[the hugely popular actor of Noor] play a doctor? Or maybe he could play someone who", "Hippocrates of Kos (c. 460 BC�c. 380 BC) was an ancient Greek physician. He has been called \"the father of medicine\", and is commonly regarded as one of the most outstanding figures in medicine of all time. He was a physician trained at the Dream temple of Kos, and may have been a pupil of Herodicus. Writings attributed to him (Corpus hippocraticum, or \"Hippocratic writings\") rejected the superstition and magic of primitive \"medicine\" and laid the foundations of medicine as a branch of science. Little is actually known about Hippocrates's personal life, but some of his medical achievements were documented by such people as Plato and Aristotle.", "Morphine overdose; During the Trabzon trial series of the Martial court, from the sittings between March 26 and May 17, 1919, the Trabzons Health Services Inspector Dr. Ziya Fuad wrote in a report that Dr. Saib caused the death of children with the injection of morphine. The information was allegedly provided by two physicians (Drs. Ragib and Vehib), both Dr. Saib's colleagues at Trabzons Red Crescent hospital, where those atrocities were said to have been committed. [70] [71]", "Sir Ronald Ross (ur. 13 maja 1857 w Almora, Indie, zm. 16 września 1932 w Londynie, Wielka Brytania) – parazytolog i patolog angielski, laureat Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie fizjologii i medycyny w 1902 roku. Od roku 1899 był profesorem medycyny tropikalnej w Liverpoolu, następnie w Londynie, od 1926 dyrektor londyńskiego Instytutu Chorób Tropikalnych. Przez kilkanaście lat pracował jako lekarz wojskowy w Indiach, gdzie prowadził badania nad malarią. W 1902 roku otrzymał Nagrodę Nobla w dziedzinie fizjologii i medycyny za odkrycie cyklu rozwojowego zarazków malarii i sposobu szerzenia się tej choroby. Autor m.in.:", "Morphine overdose: During the Trabzon trial series of the Martial court, from the sittings between 26 March and 17 May 1919, the Trabzons Health Services Inspector Dr. Ziya Fuad wrote in a report that Dr. Saib caused the death of children with the injection of morphine. The information was allegedly provided by two physicians (Drs. Ragib and Vehib), both Dr. Saib’s colleagues at Trabzons Red Crescent hospital, where those atrocities were said to have been committed.", "In 1993, news that Connery was undergoing radiation treatment for an undisclosed throat ailment sparked media reports that the actor was suffering from throat cancer following years of heavy smoking, and he was falsely declared dead by the Japanese and South African news agencies. Connery immediately appeared on the Late Show with David Letterman to deny all of this. In a February 1995 interview with Entertainment Weekly, he said that the radiation treatment was to remove nodules from his vocal cords. (His father, a heavy smoker, died from throat cancer in 1972.) In 2003, he had surgery to remove cataracts from both eyes. On 12 March 2006, he announced he was recovering from surgery in January to remove a kidney tumour. In 2008, he chipped a bone in his shoulder after falling while playing golf. In October 2009, he told Wine Spectator magazine that he has been diagnosed with a heart condition.[41]", "Congratulations are in order for the couple. The good doctor IssacMathai, the Bangalore-based holistic and integrated medicine expert sought after by the likes of Sting and Camilla Parker Bowles, was in town recently, and told this diarist that he is on ...", "Medicus curat, natura sanat. The doctor cares [for his patient], and nature heals [him or her]", "Dr. Soparkar is an internist and pulmonologist with clinical, research and teaching experience. He has served as a program director for medical residents and an examiner for the Medical Council of Canada and the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. He is an adjunct professor at Western University, London, Ontario, Canada and a preceptor for the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry.", "Nawaz Sharif is diagnosed to have several health issues including heart problem. He will be undergoing a heart surgery on Monday in London. It will be the second open-heart operation for 66 years old Nawaz Sharif, who has been treated for heart problems over the past five years. " ]

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[ "On September 25, 1926, RCA formed the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) to take over its network broadcasting business. In early 1927 only seven percent of the nation’s 737 radio stations were affiliated with NBC. In that year a rival network whose name eventually became the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) was established. In 1928, CBS was purchased and reorganized by William S. Paley, a cigar company executive whose CBS career spanned more than a half-century. In 1934, the Mutual Broadcasting System was formed. Unlike NBC and CBS, it did not move into television. In 1943, the Federal Communications Commission forced NBC to sell a part of its system to Edward J. Noble, who formed the American Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). To avoid the high cost of producing radio shows, local radio stations got most of their shows other than news from the networks, which enjoyed economies of scale in producing radio programs because their costs were spread over the many stations using their programming.", "Much of the reason Paramount Pictures Inc. grew into one of the biggest of the major studios, perhaps surpassed only by MGM during the Golden Age of Hollywood, is that the company was often willing to take risks the other studios would not. Indeed, Paramount Pictures Inc. was the first studio to become involved in the medium of television. Paramount was actually on the ground floor of what would become one of the most powerful television networks in the world, when it was only a fledgeling radio network. In 1929 Paramount obtained 50% interest in the brand new Columbia Broadcasting System. Paramount would not own part of CBS for long. In 1931, with the studio hit hard by the Great Depression, Paramount sold its 50% interest in CBS back to the network.", " The network, now renamed Columbia Phonograph Broadcasting System, debuts on September 18 with a key station, WOR, in New York. It will continue as a financially embattled concern until in 1928 Jerome Louchheim sells his controlling interest to William S. Paley, the man who will usher the company into its prime as CBS.", "The network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters Inc., a collection of 16 radio stations that was purchased by Paley in 1928 and renamed the Columbia Broadcasting System. Under Paley's guidance, CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States, and eventually one of the Big Three American broadcast television networks. In 1974, CBS dropped its former full name and became known simply as CBS, Inc. The Westinghouse Electric Corporation acquired the network in 1995, renamed its corporate entity to the current CBS Broadcasting, Inc. in 1997, and eventually adopted the name of the company it had acquired to become CBS Corporation. In 2000, CBS came under the control of Viacom, which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971. In late 2005, Viacom split itself into two separate companies, and re-established CBS Corporation – through the spin-off of its broadcast television, radio and select cable television and non-broadcasting assets – with the CBS television network at its core. CBS Corporation is controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements, which also controls the current Viacom.", "Operational costs were steep, particularly the payments to AT&T for use of its land lines, and by the end of 1927, Columbia Phonograph wanted out.Barnouw, Tower, p. 223 In early 1928 Judson sold the network to brothers Isaac and Leon Levy, owners of the network's Philadelphia affiliate WCAU, and their partner Jerome Louchenheim. None of the three were interested in assuming day-to-day management of the network, so they installed wealthy 26-year-old William S. Paley, son of a Philadelphia cigar family and in-law of the Levys, as president. With the record company out of the picture, Paley quickly streamlined the corporate name to \"Columbia Broadcasting System\". He believed in the power of radio advertising since his family's \"La Palina\" cigars had doubled their sales after young William convinced his elders to advertise on radio.Barnouw, Tower, p. 224 By September 1928, Paley bought out the Louchenheim share of CBS and became its majority owner with 51% of the business. Page numbers in this article refer to the first paperback edition, May 1981", "William S. Paley, (born Sept. 28, 1901, Chicago , Ill., U.S.—died Oct. 26, 1990, New York , N.Y.), American broadcaster who served as the Columbia Broadcasting System ’s president (1928–46), chairman of the board (1946–83), founder chairman (1983–86), acting chairman (1986–87), and chairman (1987–90). For more than half a century he personified the power and influence of CBS.", "He was the first chairman of the Civil Aeronautics Authority . He also served as secretary of Commerce under President Franklin D. Roosevelt , 1939-1940. Following the Federal Communications Commission ‘s order that RCA divest itself of one of its two radio networks, he founded the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) when he purchased the Blue Network (formerly part of NBC) on October 12, 1943. [1] Noble tried valiantly to build ABC into an innovative and competitive broadcaster, but was hampered by financial problems and the pressure of competing with long-established NBC and CBS , and by 1951 was forced to enter negotiations to merge the network with United Paramount Theaters , headed by Leonard Goldenson ; Goldenson would become chairman of the ABC network, while Noble remained on the ABC board of directors for the remainder of his life.", "On August 1, 1995, Westinghouse Electric Company acquired CBS outright for $5.4 billion. As one of the major broadcasting group owners of commercial radio and television stations (as Group W) since 1920, Westinghouse sought to transition from a station operator into a major media company with its purchase of CBS. Except for KUTV (which CBS sold to Four Points Media Group in 2007, and is now owned by the Sinclair Broadcast Group), all of the stations involved in the initial Westinghouse deal as well as WWJ-TV remain owned-and-operated stations of the network to this day.", "To mark its 15th anniversary, the company was renamed the CBS/Sony Group Inc. in 1983. At the time, the CBS/Sony Group was working with Sony Corporation to promote CDs and CD hardware. It would take just a few years for the CD to replace the LP as the principal music recording medium. The invaluable know-how of the CBS/Sony Group played a large role in the success of the CD system as it gained acceptance worldwide. By 1983, the CBS/Sony Group's success and accumulated earnings were so impressive that the company was able to build factories and invest in the CD format drawing solely on its own resources, without any injection of funds from either Sony Corporation or CBS.", "Paley was the son of immigrant Ukrainian Jews who conducted a thriving cigar business in Chicago. (At age 12 he added a middle initial to his name, the S.) The family moved to Philadelphia when Paley was ready for college, and he attended the Wharton School of Finance at the University of Pennsylvania (B.S., 1922). After entering the family’s new cigar business, he became vice president and eventually signed an early radio advertising contract for the firm’s products. The commercials boosted business, making Paley aware of the power of radio as an advertising medium, and in 1927 he invested in a relative’s small radio network, the Columbia Phonographic Broadcasting System; Paley became president of Columbia on Sept. 26, 1928, moved to New York City , and quickly signed up 49 radio stations. (CBS dropped the word Phonographic from its name in 1929.) In the subsequent decades Paley built CBS into one of the world’s leading radio and television networks, hiring such entertainment stars as Bing Crosby , Kate Smith , George Burns and Gracie Allen , the Mills Brothers, Will Rogers , Eddie Cantor , Bob Hope , and Jack Benny , luring some of them from rival networks.", "The driving force behind Paramount's rise was Zukor. Through the teens and twenties, he built the Publix Theatres Corporation, a chain of nearly 2,000 screens, ran two production studios (in Astoria, New York, now the Kaufman Astoria Studios, and Hollywood, California), and became an early investor in radio, taking a 50% interest in the new Columbia Broadcasting System in 1928 (selling it within a few years; this would not be the last time Paramount and CBS crossed paths).", "CBS sold its book publishing businesses in 1985. The educational publishing division, which retained the Holt, Rinehart & Winston name, was sold to Harcourt Brace Jovanovich; the trade book division, renamed Henry Holt and Company, was sold to the West German publisher Holtzbrinck. CBS exited the magazine business through the sale of the unit to its executive Peter Diamandis, who later sold the magazines to Hachette Filipacchi Médias in 1988, forming Hachette Filipacchi Media U.S.", "ABC originally launched on October 12, 1943 as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network, which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble. It extended its operations to television in 1948, following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS and NBC. In the mid-1950s, ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres, a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures. Leonard Goldenson, who had been the head of UPT, made the new television network profitable by helping develop and greenlight many successful series. In the 1980s, after purchasing an 80% interest in cable sports channel ESPN, the network's parent merged with Capital Cities Communications, owner of several print publications, and television and radio stations. In 1996, most of Capital Cities/ABC's assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company.", "In the spring of 1974, when the President of the United States was locked in an epochal struggle with, his adversaries in Congress and the media—including CBS News—and when fears at CBS's corporate level about its role in the fight were greatest, the corporation was attaining unparalleled success. Though much of the nation was in a deep recession, CBS was generating more money and profit than ever before—perhaps because free entertainment during a time of economic sag was attractive to viewers and thus to advertisers. In the second quarter of 1974, a record period, CBS earned $34 million net profit. One CBS executive congratulated Robert Wood, president of the television network, on this success. Wood, however, seemed to wince at the idea of it.", "RCA, the company that dominated the radio business in the United States with its two NBC networks, invested $50 million in the development of electronic television. To direct the effort, the company's president, David Sarnoff, hired the Russian-born scientist Vladimir Kosma Zworykin, who had participated in Rosing's experiments. In 1939, RCA televised the opening of the New York World's Fair, including a speech by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who was the first president to appear on television. Later that year RCA paid for a license to use Farnsworth's television patents. RCA began selling television sets with 5 by 12 in (12.7 by 25.4 cm) picture tubes. The company also began broadcasting regular programs, including scenes captured by a mobile unit and, on May 17, 1939, the first televised baseball gameÑbetween Princeton and Columbia universities. By 1941 the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), RCA's main competition in radio, was broadcasting two 15-minute newscasts a day to a tiny audience on its New York television station.", "Founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America (RCA), NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States. In 1986, control of NBC passed to General Electric (GE) – which previously owned RCA and NBC until 1930, when it was forced to sell the companies as a result of antitrust charges – through its $6.4 billion purchase of RCA. Following the acquisition by GE (which later liquidated RCA), Bob Wright served as chief executive officer of NBC, remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007, when he was succeeded by Jeff Zucker. In 2003, French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE, forming NBC Universal. Comcast purchased a controlling interest in the company in 2011, and acquired General Electric's remaining stake in 2013. Following the Comcast merger, Zucker left NBC Universal and was replaced as CEO by Comcast executive Steve Burke.", "By the end of the 1960s, CBS was very successful in television ratings, but many of its shows (including The Beverly Hillbillies, Mayberry R.F.D., Petticoat Junction, Hee Haw and Green Acres) were appealing more to older and more rural audiences and less to the young, urban and more affluent audiences that advertisers sought to target. Fred Silverman (who would later head ABC, and then later NBC) made the decision to cancel most of those otherwise hit shows by mid-1971 in what became colloquially referred to as the \"Rural Purge\", with Green Acres cast member Pat Buttram remarking that the network cancelled \"anything with a tree in it\". ", "Nonetheless, it was a good and mutually beneficial relationship until 1969, when Bill Paley, acting as if he could operate as president of the board of the Museum of Modern Art the way he operated at CBS, violated the laws of the museum and arbitrarily fired a director named Bates Lowry without consulting the members of the board. Cohn, for reasons which at times must have bewildered both men, dared at a subsequent meeting to challenge Paley to say, yes, Bill Paley had violated the laws. His protest had no effect; Bates Lowry remained fired. The only real effect was upon Paley, who was furious. Two days later he summoned Cohn to his office and fired him as his personal lawyer. He did not stand when Cohn came in the room, nor did he motion Cohn to a seat, but he announced that he had given the matter considerable thought and decided to terminate the relationship. He said that Cohn would still represent the company. A few months later, when Paley was in the Caribbean, Frank Stanton was dispatched to tell Cohn that his firm had also lost the CBS account", "As Paley grew more remote, he installed a series of buffer executives who sequentially assumed more and more power at CBS: first Ed Klauber, then Paul Kesten, and finally Frank Stanton. Second only to Paley as the author of CBS's style and ambitions in its first half-century, Stanton was \"a magnificent mandarin who functioned as company superintendent, spokesman, and image-maker\".Bergreen, p. 169 He had come to the network in 1933 after sending copies of his Ph.D. thesis \"A Critique Of Present Methods and a New Plan for Studying Radio Listening Behavior\" to CBS top brass and they responded with a job offer.Bergreen, p. 170 He scored an early hit with his study \"Memory for Advertising Copy Presented Visually vs. Orally,\" which CBS salesmen used to great effect bringing in new sponsors. In 1946, Paley appointed Stanton as President of CBS and promoted himself to Chairman. Stanton's colorful, but impeccable, wardrobe – slate-blue pinstripe suit, ecru shirt, robin's egg blue necktie with splashes of saffron – made him, in the mind of one sardonic CBS vice-president, \"the greatest argument we have for color television\".Bergreen, p. 171", "In the mid-1990s, CBS formed an affiliate relationship with Westinghouse Electric Corporation as a partial result of losing many longtime affiliates owned by New World Communications through an affiliation agreement with Fox that New World signed in May 1994. The New World deal resulted in CBS affiliating with UHF stations in Detroit and Cleveland – former Fox affiliate WOIO and low-rated ethnic independent WGPR-TV (now WWJ-TV), the latter of which was purchased by the network – after a failed attempt to woo the respective longtime ABC affiliates in those markets, WXYZ-TV and WEWS-TV (the latter of which had previously been a CBS affiliate from 1947 to 1955) to respectively replace departing affiliates WJBK and WJW-TV, a situation that the E. W. Scripps Company actually used as leverage to sign a group-wide affiliation deal with ABC that kept the network on WXYZ and WEWS. ", "In the 1930s, radio in the United States was dominated by three companies: the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company (NBC). The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America (RCA), which owned two radio networks that each ran different varieties of programming, NBC Blue and NBC Red. The NBC Blue Network was created in 1927 for the primary purpose of testing new programs on markets of lesser importance than those served by NBC Red, which served the major cities, and to test drama series.", "In the fall of 1974, in his seventy-fourth year, William S. Paley, a lion in winter pretending it was Indian summer, took time off from running one of the world's great commercial empires to attend the funeral of a younger colleague. Bill Paley liked less and less going to funerals, but in this case the deceased was Hubbell Robinson, and Hub had been in programming. Above all else, programming was close to Paley's heart, the part of broadcasting he loved most. That Hubbell Robinson's second tour of duty at CBS had not ended entirely happily (very few major careers at CBS end happily) was forgotten. (Some ten years earlier Hub had been outlining a program schedule with Jim Aubrey when Aubrey had said, \"Hub, you're through.\" Hub, a gentle soul by comparison with most CBS executives, mistakenly thought Aubrey meant he was through only with that day's planning session.)", "In 1979, Berkshire began to acquire stock in ABC. Capital Cities announced a $3.5 billion purchase of ABC on March 18, 1985 surprising the media industry, as ABC was four times bigger than Capital Cities at the time. Buffett helped finance the deal in return for a 25% stake in the combined company. The newly merged company, known as Capital Cities/ABC (or CapCities/ABC), was forced to sell some stations due to U.S. Federal Communications Commission ownership rules. The two companies also owned several radio stations in the same markets. ", "In 1952, when the release of the FCC's Sixth Report and Order announced the end of its freeze on new station license applications, among the issues the Commission was slated to address was whether to approve the UPT-ABC merger. One FCC Commissioner saw the possibility of ABC, funded by UPT, becoming a viable and competitive third television network. On February 9, 1953, the FCC approved UPT's purchase of ABC in exchange for $25 million in shares. The merged company, renamed American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres, Inc. and headquartered in the Paramount Building at 1501 Broadway in Manhattan, owned six AM and several FM radio stations, five television stations and 644 cinemas in 300 U.S. cities. To comply with FCC ownership restrictions in effect at the time that barred common ownership of two television stations in the same market, UPT sold its Chicago television station, WBKB-TV, to CBS (which subsequently changed the station's call letters to WBBM-TV) for $6 million, while it kept ABC's existing Chicago station, WENR-TV. The merged company acquired the WBKB call letters for channel 7, which would eventually become WLS-TV. Goldenson began to sell some of the older theaters to help finance the new television network.", "Robert Edward Turner III (born November 19, 1938 (1938-11-19) (age 68) in Cincinnati, Ohio) is an American media mogul and philanthropist. As a businessman, he is best known as the founder of the cable television network CNN, the first dedicated 24-hour cable news channel. In addition to CNN, he founded WTBS, which pioneered the superstation concept in cable television. As a philanthropist, he is well known for his $1 billion pledge to the United Nations donated through his United Nations Foundation. Turner's media empire began with his father's billboard business which he took over at the age of 24 after his father's suicide. The billboard business, Turner Outdoor Advertising, was worth approximately one million dollars when Turner took it over in 1963. Purchase of an Atlanta UHF stati...", "One new interest, since the mid-1980s linked to the publishing division, was the expansion into daytime family entertainment. Although Pearson had owned Chessington Zoo for many years, this area was fully established through the acquisition of Madame Tussauds in 1978. Since then a number of acquisitions were made and developed, virtually all U.K. based. Further developments in this general sector included the acquisition of a 25 percent holding in Yorkshire Television Ltd. in 1981, and a less than successful involvement, which was terminated, in filmmaking. It also gained a 16 percent share in BSkyB, the first satellite television service in the United Kingdom, in 1990.", "This success would continue for many years, with CBS being bumped from first place only due to the rise of ABC in the mid-1970s. Perhaps because of its status as the top-rated network, during the late 1960s and early 1970s CBS felt freer to gamble with controversial properties like the Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour and All in the Family (and its many spinoffs) during this period.", "The ownership of Universal and its entry into the production of television shows that were syndicated to network made M.C.A. the most successful organization in Hollywood of its time, a real cash cow as television overtook the movies as the #1 business of the entertainment industry. Wasserman repaid Ronald Reagan's largess by structuring a deal by which he hosted and owned part of General Electric Theater , a western omnibus showcase that ran from 1954 to 1961. It made Reagan very comfortable financially, though it did not make him rich. That came later.", "As television came to the forefront of American entertainment and information, CBS dominated television as it once had radio. In 1953, the CBS television network would make its first profit, and would maintain dominance on television between 1955 and 1976 as well. By the late 1950s, the network often controlled seven or eight of the slots on the \"top ten\" ratings list with well-respected shows like Route 66.", "He was the first chairman of the Civil Aeronautics Authority . He also served as Under secretary of Commerce under President Franklin D. Roosevelt , 1939-1940. in 1943, following the Federal Communications Commission 's order that RCA divest itself of one of its two radio networks, he founded the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) when he purchased the NBC Blue Network.", "On August 9, 1982, ABC purchased a 10% stake in the Entertainment and Sports Programming Network (ESPN) for $20 million; in exchange for the interest, ESPN gained the U.S. television rights to the British Open, which ABC had not been able to broadcast in its entirety. The purchase provided ABC the option of purchasing additional shares of up to 49% under certain conditions, which included the option to purchase at least 10% of Getty Oil's shares in the channel prior to January 2, 1984.", "Broadcasting from New York, the series premiered at 2:30pm, October 14, 1934, on the NBC Blue Network. The host was fictional producer, Douglass Garrick (portrayed by John Anthony). Doris Dagmar played Peggy Winthrop, who delivered the Lux commercials. Each show featured a scripted session with Garrick talking to the lead actors. Anthony appeared as Garrick from the premiere 1934 episode until June 30, 1935. Garrick was portrayed by Albert Hayes from July 29, 1935 to May 25, 1936, when the show moved to the West Coast." ]

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[ "The show was created by Marta Kauffman and David Crane, who also served as producers. Dream On was executive produced by Kevin Bright and John Landis. Landis also directed several episodes of the series.", "Trading Places is a 1983 American comedy film directed by John Landis, starring Dan Aykroyd and Eddie Murphy. It tells the story of an upper-class commodities broker and a homeless street hustler whose lives cross paths when they are unknowingly made part of an elaborate bet. Ralph Bellamy, Don Ameche, Denholm Elliott, and Jamie Lee Curtis also star. The storyline is often called a modern take on Mark Twain's classic 19th-century novel The Prince and the Pauper. It also bears a resemblance to another of Mark Twain's stories, The Million Pound Bank Note.", "Trading Places is a comedy starring Eddie Murphy, Dan Aykroyd and Jamie Lee Curtis. It is the story of two millionaire brothers who decide, as an experiment, to frame their pompous stock-broker nephew and install a down-and-out in his place. It was directed by John Landis in 1983.", "The brilliant and hilarious 1983 comedy Trading Places is one of those movies, like Die Hard, that takes place around Christmas, and therefore qualifies as a Christmas movie by virtue of the season. On that score, then, Trading Places is one of my all-time favorite Christmas movies. It was Eddie Murphy, Dan Aykroyd, and Jamie Lee Curtis all at the peaks of their careers, creatively, and Ralph Bellamy and Don Ameche with absolutely brilliant turns as Randolph and Mortimer Duke, i.e., the Waldorf and Statler of of Trading Places.", "Trading Places (1983, Paramount, dir. John Landis) Louis Winthrope III (Dan Akroyd) and Mortimer Duke (Don Ameche) set up a con artist Billy Ray Valentine (Eddie Murphy) to figure his way out of securities crimes he didn't commit. Made in the days before insider trading was all the rage (although it was starting then).", "Almost 30 years after its release, the plot for the movie was part of the inspiration for new regulations on the financial markets. On March 3, 2010, Commodity Futures Trading Commission chief Gary Gensler stated, in testimony he gave to the 111th Congress: \"We have recommended banning using misappropriated government information to trade in the commodity markets. In the movie Trading Places, starring Eddie Murphy, the Duke brothers intended to profit from trades in frozen concentrated orange juice futures contracts using an illicitly obtained and not yet public Department of Agriculture orange crop report.\" ", "Won a Cable ACE award in 1992 as an executive producer of the HBO comedy series Dream On.", "On working with Eddie Murphy on Trading Places (1983): His effect was dazzling. There was a \"ding!\" when he walked on, almost like Marilyn Monroe.", "While his reputation was somewhat sullied by the tragedy, Landis continued to find success on the big screen. He directed Eddie Murphy and Dan Aykroyd in the hit comedy Trading Places (1983). That same year, Landis surprised many by directing Michael Jackson's video for \"Thriller.\" Both the song and the video became popular worldwide.", "The film also stars JAY MOHR (\"Go,\" \"Jerry Maguire\"), JAMES CAVJEZEL (\"The Thin Red Line\"), JON BON JOVI (\"U-57 1\"), and legendary film and television star ANGIE DICKINSON (\"Police Woman,\" \"Ocean's Eleven\"). \"Pay It Forward\" is produced by Bel-Air Entertainment's STEVEN REUTHER (\"Pretty Woman\") and Tapestry Films' PETER ABRAMS and ROBERT LEVY (\"She's All That\"). Executive producers are MARY McLAGLEN and JONATHAN TREISMAN. OLIVER STAPLETON (\"The Cider House Rules\") is the director of photography and two-time Oscar winner LESLIE DILLEY (\"Raiders of the Lost Ark,\" \"Star Wars\") is the production designer. Academy Award nominee DAVID ROSENBLOOM (\"The Insider\") is the editor. THOMAS NEWMAN (\"Em Brockovich\") composed the score.", "It was significant that the first new Hollywood studio in many decades, DreamWorks (SKG), was formed in October 1994 as the brainchild of director-producer Steven Spielberg, ex-Disney executive producer Jeffrey Katzenberg, and film producer/music industry giant David Geffen. The studio's first theatrical release was first-time feature director Mimi Leder's The Peacemaker (1997) starring George Clooney and Nicole Kidman. This was followed by Amistad (1997), Mouse Hunt (1997), Paulie (1998), Deep Impact (1998), and Small Soldiers (1998). Their first real hit was also their first film to be nominated for Best Picture - Saving Private Ryan (1998).", "WALTER F. PARKES (Executive Producer), in addition to being the co-head of DreamWorks Pictures, is one of the most active producers in Hollywood today. He produced two other summer 2002 releases: \"Minority Report,\" directed by Steven Spielberg and starring Tom Cruise; and, with his partner and wife Laurie MacDonald, the sequel \"Men in Black 2,\" which re-teams Tommy Lee Jones and Will Smith under the direction of Barry Sonnenfeld. His upcoming films also include \"Catch Me If You Can,\" directed by Spielberg, and starring Leonardo DiCaprio and Tom Hanks; \"The Tuxedo,\" starring Jackie Chan and Jennifer Love Hewitt; and \"Ring,\" directed by Gore Verbinski and starring Naomi Watts.", "A Warner Bros. release presented in association with Village Roadshow Pictures and A&E Television of a Bazmark/Red Wagon Entertainment production. Produced by Baz Luhrmann, Catherine Martin, Douglas Wick, Lucy Fisher, Catherine Knapman. Executive producers, Barrie M. Osborne, Bruce Berman, Shawn “Jay-Z” Carter. Co-producer, Anton Monsted.", "Dream On first aired July 1990 on HBO, and was cancelled by HBO in March 1996. One season of the show, with language and nudity edited for broadcast, aired in prime time on the Fox Network. This bowdlerized version was later made available in syndication.", "* 2007 – Oprah Winfrey Presents: Mitch Albom's For One More Day (TV movie) (executive producer)", "Abrams and Levy, along with Tapestry Films partner J.P. Guerin, also produced Walt Disney Pictures' \"A Kid in King Arthur's Court,\" as well as \"A Kid in Aladdin's Court\" for the Disney Channel. In addition, Levy and Abrams's producing credits include \"Point Break,\" \"Full Eclipse,\" \"Warlock: Armageddon,\" \"The Killing Time\" and 'Kid.\" They also served as executive producers on \"Tangled,\" \"The Last Time I Committed Suicide,\" \"Denial,\" \"Swing,\" \"Black and White,\" \"Dark Tide\" and \"Payback.\"", "Executive producers for \"Opportunity Knocks\" are Ashton Kutcher, Jason Goldberg, Karey Burke, J.D. Roth and Todd A. Nelson. \"Opportunity Knocks\" is produced by Katalyst Films and 3 Ball Productions.", "Nationality: American. Born: Shelton Jackson Lee in Atlanta, Georgia, 20 March 1957; son of jazz musician Bill Lee. Education: Morehouse College, B.A., 1979; New York University, M.A. in Filmmaking; studying with Martin Scorsese. Family: Married lawyer Tonya Linette Lewis, 1993; one son, Satchel. Career: Set up production company 40 Acres and a Mule; directed first feature, She's Gotta Have It , 1986; also directs music videos and commercials for Nike/Air Jordan; Trustee of Morehouse College, 1992. Awards: Student Directors Academy Award, for Joe's Bed-Stuy Barbershop: We Cut Heads , 1980; U.S. Independent Spirit Award for First Film, New Generation Award, Los Angeles Film Critics Association, and Prix de Jeunesse, Cannes Film Festival, all for She's Gotta Have It , 1986; U.S. Independent Spirit Award, Best Picture, L.A. Film Critics, and Best Picture, Chicago Film Festival, all for Do the Right Thing , 1989; Essence Award, 1994. Address: 40 Acres and a Mule, 124 Dekalb Avenue, Suite 2, Brooklyn, NY 11217–1201, U.S.A.", "Happy Feet is a 2006 Australian-American computer-animated musical fantasy film directed, produced, and co-written by George Miller. It stars Elijah Wood, Robin Williams, Brittany Murphy, Hugh Jackman, Nicole Kidman, Hugo Weaving, and E.G. Daily. It was produced at Sydney-based visual effects and animation studio Animal Logic for Warner Bros., Village Roadshow Pictures, and Kingdom Feature Productions and was released in North American theaters on November 17, 2006. It is the first animated film produced by Kennedy Miller in association with Animal Logic.", "Rice has collaborated with Andrew Lloyd Webber, with whom he wrote Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat, Jesus Christ Superstar, Evita, Cricket, and The Likes of Us. For The Walt Disney Company, Rice has collaborated individually with Alan Menken and Elton John, creating productions including Aladdin (winning an Academy Award, Golden Globe and Grammy Award for Song of the Year for the song \"A Whole New World\") and The Lion King (winning the Golden Globe and Academy Award for Best Original Song for \"Can You Feel the Love Tonight\"). In 1996, his collaboration with Lloyd Webber for the film version Evita won Rice his third Academy Award for Best Original Song with the song \"You Must Love Me\". Rice has also collaborated with Björn Ulvaeus and Benny Andersson of ABBA on Chess and with Rick Wakeman on the albums 1984 and Cost of Living. He is writing eight lyrics to Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's ballet, The Nutcracker. The working title is The Nutcracker: The Untold Story. ", "Most recently, MIMI LEDER (Director) directed \"Deep Impact,\" which grossed more than $350 million worldwide, making it one of 1998's most profitable films. Her first film, \"The Peacemaker,\" starring George Clooney and Nicole Kidnian, was Dreamworks' first theatrical release. Leder came to feature films after distinguishing herself as one of television's most versatile and accomplished producer-directors. In 1995, she received an Emmy Award for directing the powerfull and critically acclaimed \"Love's Labor Lost\" episode of \"ER.\" Her work on \"ER\" - as a director and co-executive producer - earned her a second Emmy and three Directors Guild of America nominations for Best Direction of a Dramatic Series.", "Made in America is a 1993 comedy film released on May 28, 1993 by Warner Bros. starring Whoopi Goldberg and Ted Danson, and featuring Nia Long, Jennifer Tilly and Will Smith. The film was directed by Richard Benjamin. It was shot in various locations in Oakland, California and at Oakland Technical High School.", "Films/TV - Producer: \"Equity\" (Directed by Meera Menon, Produced by Alysia Reiner, Sarah Thomas, Brian David Cange starring-Anna Gunn, James Purefoy, Nate Corddry, Craig Bierko, James Naughton)", "“Dreamer: Inspired By A True Story” is a 2005 film about a young girl who helps save an injured race horse from death. She aids in the horses rescue and rehabilitation. This is also a very inspiring story. It stars Kurt Russell , Dakota Fanning , Kris Kristofferson and Elisabeth Shue .", "When Crossland asked Savarese to produce “Catching Up,” both were working on the 2010 movie “The Best and the Brightest” starring Neil Patrick Harris. The story and Crossland’s writing immediately drew her in, as did the format itself.", "Since embarking on The Twilight Saga Stewart has made six other films. The final Twilight film comes out in November, but before that she can be seen in an adaptation of the Jack Kerouac novel On The Road. “I like pushing myself,” she said, of the film’s sex scenes. “We admire Kristen’s career choices,” millions of teenage boys online are paraphrased as saying. On The Road is released worldwide in September and October: www.ontheroad-themovie.com", "The producer has been working on getting the two to collaborate for some time and his dream may be about to become reality.", "DreamWorks Pictures is a production label of Amblin Partners. Amblin Partners is a content creation company formed by the former DreamWorks Studios, Participant Media, Reliance Entertainment and Entertainment One (eOne).", "Founded in 1994, DreamWorks SKG's first feature film release was The Peacemaker (1997), starring George Clooney and Nicole Kidman. A year later, the studio released their first animated film Antz (1998).", "[on Before Sunset (2004)] A couple of years after we'd finished Before Sunrise (1995) we met and we worked on Waking Life (2001) together, and we had a ball doing that, so it seemed kind of obvious when that was over that we should collaborate again. It always occurred to me it would be a fun thing to revisit, but at the time, Before Sunrise was probably the lowest-grossing movie in history to have a sequel! We cared more about that movie than anyone else did. And when we finished the second one I felt very strongly that we needed a third one; that as beautiful as the ending to Before Sunset is, it's a call that begs for an answer.", " 2001 The Legend of Tarzan (TV Series) (arranger: \"Two Worlds\") / (performer: \"Two Worlds\") / (producer: \"Two Worlds\")", " 2008 Bedtime Stories (producer: \"At The Nottingham Broadway Mega Resort\") / (writer: \"At The Nottingham Broadway Mega Resort\")" ]

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[ "Richard Nixon was born on January 9, 1913 in Yorba Linda, California, USA as Richard Milhous Nixon. He was an actor and writer, known for David Frost Interviews Richard Nixon (1977), The Real Richard Nixon (1995) and Checkers Speech (1952). He was married to Pat Nixon . He died on April 22, 1994 in Manhattan, New York City, New York, USA.", "After his resignation, Richard Nixon retired with his wife to the seclusion of his estate in San Clemente, California, where he spent several months distraught and disoriented. Gradually he regrouped, and by 1977 he began forming a public-relations comeback. In August, Nixon met with British commentator David Frost for a series of interviews during which Nixon sent mixed messages of contrition and pride, while never admitting any wrong-doing. While the interviews were met with mixed reviews, they were watched by many and positively contributed to Nixon's public image.", "1977 - Former President Richard M. Nixon spoke with interviewer, David Frost in the first of four television interviews. Nixon had been in seclusion for the two previous months.", "Richard Nixon Interview With David Frost Transcription | LYBIO.net Is A Movement For Internet Online Accuracy For Speeches, Text, Words, Quotes and Lyrics.", "W. Mark Felt, former FBI associate director, appears as a guest on the CBS program, “Face the Nation,” Aug. 29, 1976. While associate director, Felt provided Washington Post reporter Bob Woodward with leads on the Watergate story that eventually led to the resignation of President Richard M. Nixon in 1974. In 1980, Felt was convicted of violating the civil rights of people thought to be associated with the Weather Underground by ordering FBI agents to burglarize their homes. He received a fine but was pardoned by President Ronald Reagan during his appeal. Interest in his past statements increased after an article in a 2005 issue of Vanity Fair revealed that Felt was Deep Throat, a character important in both the book and the film versions of All the President’s Men. ©CBS Broadcasting Inc.", "Richard Milhous Nixon was an American politician who served as the 37th President of the United States from 1969 until 1974, when he became the only U.S. president to resign from office.", "Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was the thirty-seventh President of the United States (1969–1974) and the only American president to resign from that office. He was also Vice President of the United States from 1953 to 1961.", "Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States , serving from 1969 to 1974, when he became the only president to resign the office. Nixon had previously served as a Republican U.S. Representative and Senator from California and as the 36th Vice President of the United States from 1953 to 1961.", "Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974, when he became the only president to resign the office. Nixon had previously served as a Republican U.S. representative and senator from California and as the 36th Vice President of the United States from 1953 to 1961.", "Richard Nixon's first Chief of Staff, H. R. Haldeman, garnered a reputation in Washington for the iron hand he wielded in the position—famously referring to himself as \"the President's son-of-a-bitch,\" he was a rigid gatekeeper who would frequently meet with administration officials in place of the President, then report himself to Nixon on the officials' talking points. Journalist Bob Woodward, in his books All the President's Men and The Secret Man, wrote that many of his sources, including the famous Deep Throat, displayed a genuine fear of Haldeman. ", "Sir David making final arrangements for the taping of four 90 minute interview programs with Richard Nixon in 1977", "Richard Nixon, on the one hand, at ease and fiercely dedicated to his family throughout his lifetime was, on the other hand, a man who seemed uncomfortable in public life even after attaining the Presidency of the United States.  He was, writes Nixon biographer Stephen Ambrose, highly knowledgeable and disciplined but also inherently suspicious and incapable of trusting others.  Beneath the surface there was always a simmering anger whose sources can only be guessed at.  \"He was,\" writes Ambrose, \"the angriest American President.\"", "The El Capitan Theatre, at Nixon's insistence, was entirely deserted. Press members were confined to a nearby room, where they could watch on television; stenographers were standing by at the Ambassador to ensure an accurate transcript of Nixon's remarks for the press, who would be facing deadlines in the East. Chotiner and Rogers would watch from behind a screen in the theatre; Pat Nixon, wearing a dress knitted by supporters, would sit on stage a few feet from her husband. The chosen set was a \"GI bedroom den\" with a desk, two chairs, and bookshelves. The senator usually preferred to work from a memorized text, but would work from notes for this speech to make the talk sound more spontaneous. Nixon spent some time practicing movements for the cameramen and finally went into the dressing room with his wife for a few minutes of solitude. He told her that he did not think he could go through with it, but she reassured him.", "In 1993 Aitken published a favourable biography, Nixon: A Life, of former US President Richard Nixon. Although his was not an authorised biography, Aitken was one of the few biographers from whom Nixon accepted questions and to whom he granted interviews.", "Historian Carl Sferrazza Anthony noted that ordinary citizens responded to Nixon. When a group of rural people visited the White House to present a quilt to the First Lady, many were overcome with nervousness; upon hearing their weeping, Pat hugged each individual tightly, and the tension dissipated. When a young boy doubted that the Executive Mansion was her house because he could not see the washing machine, Pat led him through the halls and up an elevator, into the family quarters and the laundry room. She mixed well with people of different races, and made no distinctions on that basis. During the Nixons' trip to China in 1972, foreign minister Zhou En-lai was suffienciently smitten with her so as to give two rare giant pandas to the ambassador as a gift from China.", "Frost taped around 29 hours of interviews with Nixon over a period of four weeks. Nixon, who had previously avoided discussing his role in the Watergate scandal which had led to his resignation as President in 1974, expressed contrition saying \"I let the American people down and I have to carry that burden with me for the rest of my life\". ", "The next morning, a televised 20-minute farewell speech to the White House staff took place in the East Room, during which the President read from Theodore Roosevelt's biography and praised his own parents. The First Lady could hardly contain her tears; she was most upset about the cameras, because they recorded her anguish, as they had during the 1960 election defeat. The Nixons walked onto the Executive Mansion's South Lawn with Vice President Gerald Ford and Betty Ford to Marine One. As they walked, Pat, with one arm around her husband's waist and one around Betty's, said to Betty, \"You'll see many of these red carpets, and you'll get so you hate 'em.\" The helicopter carried them to Andrews Air Force Base; from there they flew to California. ", "* Ben Stein: A Nixon speech writer and the son of Nixon economic advisor Herbert Stein; later an actor, political commentator, and game show host.", "I’ve interviewed Richard Nixon once before the Nixon interviews in 1977. That was back in 1968 when he was candidate Nixon. And the scene of his interview was his campaign HQ in New York. In fact, we arrived slightly ahead of the furniture, but we managed to wrestle up a couple of chairs and we were very soon discussing his notorious you won’t have Richard Nixon to kick around anymore speech back in 1962.", "Pres. NIXON: I want to say this to the television audience. I made my mistakes, but in all of my years of public life, I have never profited, never profited from public service. I have earned every cent. And in all of my years of public life, I have never obstructed justice. And I think, too, that I can say that in my years of public life, that I welcome this kind of examination because people have got to know whether or not their President's a crook. Well, I'm not a crook. I've earned everything I've got.", "Nixon made three major speeches on the Watergate scandal during 1973 and 1974. The first was on April 30, 1973, in which he announced the departure of Dean, Haldeman and Ehrlichman. A more defiant speech was delivered on August 15, 1973. Perhaps the politically most difficult speech was the one on April 29, 1974, in which Nixon released partial transcripts of the White House tapes. MORE", "Nixon: Hello, Neil and Buzz. I'm talking to you by telephone from the Oval Room at the White House. And this certainly has to be the most historic telephone call ever made. I just can't tell you how proud we all are of what you've done. For every American, this has to be the proudest day of our lives. And for people all over the world, I am sure they too join with Americans in recognizing what an immense feat this is. Because of what you have done, the heavens have become a part of man's world. And as you talk to us from the Sea of Tranquility, it inspires us to redouble our efforts to bring peace and tranquility to Earth. For one priceless moment in the whole history of man, all the people on this Earth are truly one: one in their pride in what you have done, and one in our prayers that you will return safely to Earth.", "Also, then-US President Richard Nixon can be heard discussing the show (specifically the 1971 episodes \"Writing the President\" and \"Judging Books by Covers\") on one of the infamous Watergate tapes. ", "Narrator: Richard Nixon was one of the most important American presidents of the second half of the 20th century -- and also the most controversial.", "NARRATOR: H.R. Haldeman recalled that the day the war ended, Richard Nixon had never looked so happy. His popularity soared to the highest point of his entire career. Almost 70 percent of the American people supported the President. It was not to last.", "NARRATOR: Nixon's combination of toughness and humor played well back home. In July 1960, Republicans embraced him as their presidential candidate.", "NARRATOR: \"I'm at a loss to explain the melancholy that settled over me on that victorious night,\" Nixon later wrote. \"To some extent, the marring effects of Watergate may have played a part, to some extent, our failure to win Congress and to a greater extent, the fact that we had not been able to win the war in Vietnam. Whatever the reasons, I allowed myself only a few minutes to reflect on the past. I was confident that a new era was about to begin.\"", "NARRATOR: In March 1974, Nixon went to the Grand Ole Opry, to the South where his support remained the strongest. \"In the end,\" he later wrote, \"it would come down to a campaign, but this time, I would be campaigning for my political life.\"", "In 2005, Woodward wrote that he first met Felt at the White House in 1969 or 1970 when Woodward was an aide to Admiral Thomas Hinman Moorer, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and was delivering papers to the White House Situation Room. In his book The Secret Man, Woodward described Felt as a \"tall man with perfectly combed gray hair ... distinguished looking\" with a \"studied air of confidence, even what might be called a command presence\". They stayed in touch and spoke on the telephone several times. When Woodward started working at the Washington Post, he phoned Felt on several occasions to ask for information for articles in the paper. Felt's information, taken on a promise that Woodward would never reveal its origin, was a source for a few stories, notably for an article on May 18, 1972, about Arthur H. Bremer, who shot George C. Wallace. When the Watergate story broke, Woodward called on his friend. Felt advised Woodward on June 19 that E. Howard Hunt was involved; the telephone number of his White House office had been listed in the address book of one of the burglars. Initially, Woodward's source was known at the Post as \"My Friend\", but was tagged \"Deep Throat\" by Post editor Howard Simons, after the film Deep Throat. Woodward has written that the idea for the nickname first came to Simons because Felt had been providing the information on a deep background basis.", "Which of the following sentences from the article develops the idea that Nixon should be remembered as a peacemaker?", "Narrator: To ease the tension, Reagan suggested they talk in private. As they walked to a less formal house by the lake, they chatted about Reagan's movie career -- the first time they had talked as human beings.", "Maureen Reagan: He had the ability to project out of himself, that's what actors do. They make you feel happy or sad. They make you laugh and cry. They make you feel all of the emotions. And so when you're in politics and you want to get a message across to people you have to be able to go in front of yourself and to project out to those people." ]

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[ "The Dick Van Dyke Show is an American television sitcom that initially aired on CBS from October 3, 1961, until June 1, 1966. The show was created by Carl Reiner and starred Dick Van Dyke, Rose Marie, Morey Amsterdam, Larry Mathews, and Mary Tyler Moore. It centered on the work and home life of television comedy writer Rob Petrie (Van Dyke). The show was produced by Reiner with Bill Persky and Sam Denoff. The music for the show's theme song was written by Earle Hagen.", "From 1961 to 1966, Van Dyke starred in the CBS sitcom The Dick Van Dyke Show, in which he portrayed a comedy writer named Rob Petrie. Originally the show was supposed to have Carl Reiner as the lead but CBS insisted on recasting and Reiner chose Van Dyke to replace him in the role. Complementing Van Dyke was a veteran cast of comic actors including Rose Marie, Morey Amsterdam, Jerry Paris, Ann Morgan Guilbert, Richard Deacon, and Carl Reiner (as Alan Brady), as well as 23-year-old Mary Tyler Moore, who played Rob's wife Laura Petrie. Van Dyke won three Emmy Awards as Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series, and the series received four Emmy Awards as Outstanding Comedy Series. ", "The Dick Van Dyke Show is a sitcom that aired on CBS from 1961 until 1966 that starred Dick Van Dyke and Mary Tyler Moore. It was produced by Carl Reiner with Bill Persky and Sam Denoff. The music for the show's theme song was written by Earle Hagen.", "In his 30s and 40s, he had a talent for playing crotchety, eccentric old men. He played this kind of role in Mary Poppins (1964) as Mr. Dawes Sr. and in a The Dick Van Dyke Show (1961) episode where he played one of Rob Petrie's elderly relatives.", "His film work affected his TV career: the reviews he received for his role as D.A. Fletcher in Dick Tracy led him to star as the character Dr. Mark Sloan first in an episode of Jake and the Fatman, then in a series of TV movies on CBS that became the foundation for his popular television drama Diagnosis: Murder. The series ran from 1993 to 2001 with son Barry Van Dyke co-starring in the role of Dr. Sloan's son Lieutenant Detective Steve Sloan. Also starring on the same show was daytime soap actress Victoria Rowell as Dr. Sloan's pathologist/medical partner, Dr. Amanda Bentley, and Charlie Schlatter in the role of Dr. Sloan's student, Dr. Jesse Travis. Van Dyke continued to find television work after the show ended, including a dramatically and critically successful performance of The Gin Game, produced for television in 2003 that reunited him with Mary Tyler Moore. In 2003, he portrayed a doctor on Scrubs. A 2004 special of The Dick Van Dyke Show titled The Dick Van Dyke Show Revisited was heavily promoted as the first new episode of the classic series to be shown in 38 years. Van Dyke and his surviving cast members recreated their roles; the program was roundly panned by critics. In 2006 he guest-starred as college professor Dr. Jonathan Maxwell for a series of Murder 101 mystery films on the Hallmark Channel.", "Van Dyke starred in the films Bye Bye Birdie (1963), Mary Poppins (1964) and Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968) and in the TV series The Dick Van Dyke Show and Diagnosis: Murder. Beginning in 2006, he was introduced to a new generation through his role as Cecil Fredericks in the popular Night at the Museum film series.", "June 14, 2016: Actress Ann Morgan Guilbert, who played busybody neighbor Millie Helper on the classic 1961-1966 sitcom \"The Dick Van Dyke Show,\" has died after a battle with cancer. The comedic actress had a durable career, later playing Grandma Yetta on \"The Nanny\" in the '90s and appearing this year in two episodes of the CBS comedy \"Life in Pieces.\" She was 87. ", "When The Dick Van Dyke Show (1961) started, he actually had a crush on Mary Tyler Moore , who played his wife in the series.", "*On The Dick Van Dyke Show, in the episode \"You're Under Arrest\", Rob Petrie (Dick Van Dyke) claims to have fallen asleep while watching the film at a drive-in theater, an alibi the police are skeptical of, In the episode \"Bupkis\", Petrie sings to an old army buddy a song that he has written for \"The Alan Brady Show\" – the show-within-a-show in the series – about The Guns of Navarone.", "After the success of his sitcom and his second feature film (he appeared as Burt the Chimney Sweep in the classic 1964 Disney musical Mary Poppins, opposite Julie Andrews) Van Dyke had become a beloved, familiar face to legions of fans, young and old alike. Some of his films include Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968), Cold Turkey (1971) and 1971's The Comic. A new version of his sitcom, The New Dick Van Dyke Show, aired from 1971 to 1974.", "Disney cast Dick Van Dyke in the key supporting role of Bert after seeing his work on The Dick Van Dyke Show. After winning the role of Bert, Van Dyke lobbied to also play the senior Mr. Dawes, but Disney originally felt he was too young for the part. Van Dyke eventually won Disney over after a screen test. Although he is fondly remembered for this film, Van Dyke's attempt at a cockney accent is regarded as one of the worst film accents in history, cited as an example by actors since as something that they wish to avoid. In a 2003 poll by Empire magazine of the worst film accents of all time he came second. Van Dyke claims that his accent coach was the Irish J. Pat O'Malley, who \"didn't do an accent any better than I did\". ", "Dick Van Dyke and the Vantasticks have even performed the little-known lyrics to the \"Dick Van Dyke Show\" theme song. (Written by the late Morey Amsterdam, who played Dick's co-writer Buddy on the show.)", "Beat out Johnny Carson for the role of Rob Petrie on what later became The Dick Van Dyke Show (1961) .", "“It’s quite hard to act yourself all the time,” jokes Van Dyke, his voice as rich and mellifluous as ever. “My first wife, Margie, used to say she could see no difference between Rob [the husband he played on The Dick Van Dyke Show for five years] and me. She said ‘You’re not acting. You are exactly the same on screen as you are at home.’” His apparently effortless brand of deadpan humour – plus a talent for pratfalls – became his trademark, and made The Dick Van Dyke Show a sensation. First airing in 1961, it was grown up, sophisticated and ahead of its time in its treatment of marriage, equality and celebrity culture. Even today, The Dick Van Dyke Show is still talked about as one of the best sitcoms of all time.", "** Van Dyke also portrays Mr. Dawes Sr., the old director of the bank where Mr. Banks works. During the film's end titles, \"Navckid Keyd\", an anagram of Dick Van Dyke, is first credited as playing the role before the letters unscramble to reveal Van Dyke's name.", "Richard Wayne \"Dick\" Van Dyke (born December 13, 1925) is an American actor, comedian, writer, singer, dancer, and producer whose career in entertainment has spanned almost seven decades. He is the older brother of Jerry Van Dyke and father of Barry Van Dyke.", "*Richard Wayne \"Dick\" Van Dyke (born December 13, 1925) is an American actor, comedian, writer, and producer", "Van Dyke teamed with Carl Reiner, his \"Dick Van Dyke Show\" writer, for Reiner's film \"The Comic\" in 1969. Van Dyke played a silent-film comic with an ego problem.", "Over the years, actor Dick Van Dyke has been given a hard time, unfairly, for his somewhat unorthodox Cockney accent. The Disney Studios gave him a voice coach, actor J. Pat O'Malley, who besides portraying the butler in the Spin and Marty serials on the original Mickey Mouse Club did several voices for Disney animated cartoons including Cyril Proudbottom in The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (1949), Colonel Hathi the leader of the elephants in Jungle Book (1967) and the Colonel and Jasper in One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961).", "#25  \"Theme from The Dick Van Dyke Show\" by Earle Hagen, The Dick Van Dyke Show (1961—1966)", "In November 1959, Van Dyke made his Broadway debut in The Girls Against the Boys. He then played the lead role of Albert Peterson in Bye Bye Birdie, which ran from April 14, 1960 to Oct 7, 1961. In a May 2011 interview with Rachael Ray, Van Dyke noted that when he auditioned for a smaller part in the show he had no dance experience, and that after he sang his audition song he did an impromptu soft-shoe out of sheer nervousness. Gower Champion, the show's director and choreographer, was watching, and promptly went up on stage to inform Van Dyke he had the lead. An astonished Van Dyke protested that he could not dance, to which Champion replied \"We'll teach you\". That musical won four Tony awards including Van Dyke's Best Featured Actor Tony, in 1961. In 1980, Van Dyke appeared as the title role in the first Broadway revival of The Music Man. ", "DICK VAN DYKE: (As Rob Petrie) Oh, he got you to say something embarrassing, didn't he? What was it?", "\"You Two\" (Robert b. Sherman/Richard m. Sherman)-performed by Dick Van Dyke, Heather Ripley and Adrian Hall", "In 1980, Van Dyke appeared as the title role in the first Broadway revival of The Music Man.<br /><br /> Van Dyke's start in television was with WDSU-TV New Orleans Channel 6 (NBC), first as a single comedian and later as emcee of a comedy program. Van Dyke's first network TV appearance was with Dennis James on James' Chance of a Lifetime in 1954. He later appeared in two episodes of The Phil Silvers Show during its 1957â58 season. He also appeared early in his career on ABC's The Pat Boone Chevy Showroom and NBC's The Polly Bergen Show. During this time a friend from the Army was working as an executive for CBS television and recommended Van Dyke to that network. Out of this came a seven-year contract with the network. During an interview on NPR's Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me! program, Van Dyke said he was the anchorman for the CBS morning show during this period with Walter Cronkite as his newsman. Read Less", "The final new episode of The Dick Van Dyke Show airs (the first episode aired on October 3, 1961).", "Van Dyke's start in television was with WDSU-TV New Orleans Channel 6 (NBC), first as a single comedian and later as emcee of a comedy program. Van Dyke's first network TV appearance was with Dennis James on James' Chance of a Lifetime in 1954. He later appeared in two episodes of The Phil Silvers Show during its 1957–58 season. He also appeared early in his career on ABC's The Pat Boone Chevy Showroom and NBC's The Polly Bergen Show. During this time a friend from the Army was working as an executive for CBS television and recommended Van Dyke to that network. Out of this came a seven-year contract with the network. During an interview on NPR's Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me! program, Van Dyke said he was the anchorman for the CBS morning show during this period with Walter Cronkite as his newsman. ", "In 1947, he and another old friend, Philip Erickson, formed a comedy-pantomime act, known first as \"The Merry Mutes\" and later as \"Eric and Van.\" They toured the nightclub circuits around the country, meeting with some success, until 1953, when they broke up and Van Dyke began to make solo nightclub appearances. He soon landed a job at a television station in Atlanta, Georgia, where he served as the emcee of two daytime programs, The Merry Mutes Show and The Music Shop.", "From EntertainmentWeekly :  The actor Dick Van Patten has died at the age of 86.  His career spanned six decades.  Like many people, I remember him for playing the patriarch of the ABC television series, \"Eight is Enough\" (1977-81).", "The Richie Rich/Scooby-Doo Show was produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions, and aired on ABC in 1980. The show features the voices of Don Messick (Boo Boo from Yogi Bear) as Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo, Casey Kasem (Robin from the Superfriends, and original host of the long-running radio show American Top 40) as Shaggy, Sparky Marcus as Richie Rich, Stanley Jones (Lex Luthor from Challenge of the Superfriends) as Cadbury, Joan Gerber (Mrs. Beakley from DuckTales) as Irona, Bill Callaway (Aquaman from the Superfriends, and Square Bear from Help! It's the Hair Bear Bunch) as Professor Keenbean, Frank Welker (Dr. Claw from Inspector Gadget) as Dollar, Dick Beals (Birdboy from Birdman & the Galaxy Trio) as Reggie Van Dough, and Nancy Cartwright (Bart Simpson from The Simpsons) as Gloria Glad.", "Van Dyke left high school in 1944, his senior year, intending to join the United States Army Air Forces for pilot training during World War II. Denied enlistment several times for being underweight, he was eventually accepted for service as a radio announcer before transferring to the Special Services and entertaining troops in the Continental United States. (He received his high school diploma in 2004.) ", "The first lady of Hanna-Barbara cartoons, Vander Pyl's animation resume spans 40 years, in which she voiced some of the most memorable cartoon characters ever made. Her role as Wilma, the long-suffering but still loving housewife of the oafish Fred Flintstone, established her as one of the greatest TV moms of all time. She also voiced Baby Pebbles, showing off a bit of her range. She would later provide the voice of Rosie, the Jetsons' sarcastic live-in robot maid, again showing her comedic talents and giving her two of the greatest Hanna-Barbara characters ever. Aside from those two roles, she did many voices on shows like Quick Draw McGraw, Scooby Doo, and Huckleberry Hound, mostly playing demure Southern-type maids, a bit of a far cry from the characters she played on The Flintstones or the Jetsons. Still, Vander Pyl's wide range and incredible comedic gifts land her high on this list.", "1959 33 Years Old In November 1959, Van Dyke made his Broadway debut in The Girls Against the Boys." ]

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[ "Special Guest Voices: Anne Bancroft as Dr. Zweig; Ted Danson , Woody Harrelson , Rhea Perlman , John Ratzenberger and George Wendt as the Cheers bar staff and customers.", "After graduating from Carnegie Mellon University, where he studied drama, Danson appeared on the 1970s soap opera Somerset and starred in TV commercials, most notably for the men’s fragrance Aramis. Danson catapulted to Hollywood stardom with his role as Sam Malone, a former professional baseball player and ladies man who runs a Boston-based bar called Cheers in the sitcom of the same name. The show, which premiered on NBC on September 30, 1982, and opened with the now-classic theme song “Where Everybody Knows Your Name,” centers around a group of regulars who hang out at Cheers, including lovable but dim-witted bartender Woody Boyd (Woody Harrelson), know-it-all mailman Cliff Clavin (John Ratzenberger), frequently unemployed Norm Peterson (George Wendt), feisty waitress Carla (Rhea Perlman) and snooty psychiatrist Fraser Crane (Kelsey Grammer). (Crane later got his own long-running sitcom, Frasier, which originally aired from 1993 to 2004). Among the main storylines on Cheers were Sam Malone’s lengthy on-again, off-again romantic relationships with waitress-grad student Diane Chambers (Shelley Long, who was a Cheers cast member from 1982-1987) and businesswoman Rebecca Howe (Kirstie Alley, a regular from 1987-1993). During its 11-season run, Cheers featured guest appearances by a number of celebrities and public figures, including Johnny Carson, then-Speaker of the House Tip O’Neill and Jeopardy! host Alex Trebek.", "Although Cheers operated largely around that main ensemble cast, guest stars and recurring characters did occasionally supplement them. Notable repeat guests included Dan Hedaya as Nick Tortelli and Jean Kasem as Loretta Tortelli , who were the main characters in the first spin-off The Tortellis , Fred Dryer as Dave Richards, Annie Golden as Margaret O'Keefe, Derek McGrath as Andy Schroeder (also referred to as Andy Andy), interchangeably Joel Polis and Robert Desiderio as rival bar owner Gary, Jay Thomas as Eddie LeBec , Roger Rees as Robin Colcord , Tom Skerritt as Evan Drake , Frances Sternhagen as Esther Clavin, Richard Doyle as Walter Gaines, Keene Curtis as John Allen Hill, Anthony Cistaro as Henri, Michael McGuire as Professor Sumner Sloan, and Harry Anderson as Harry 'The Hat' Gittes. Jackie Swanson , who played the recurring role of Woody's girlfriend and eventual wife \"Kelly Gaines-Boyd\", appeared in 24 episodes from 1989 to 1993. The character is as equally dim and naive—but ultimately as sweet-natured—as Woody.", "The main cast of Cheers after season 7(from left to right): (top) John Ratzenberger, Roger Rees, Woody Harrelson (middle) Rhea Perlman, Ted Danson, Kirstie Alley, George Wendt (bottom) Kelsey Grammer, Bebe Neuwirth.", "Even as it bid goodbye to one of its core characters, Cheers enjoyed a fifth season of high hilarity that still holds up decades later. The cliffhanger at the end of the fourth season began a season-long courting dance between Sam (Ted Danson) and Diane (Shelley Long) in which both want to get married--but never at the same time. They argue, they see a pre-nuptial counselor (an Emmy-winning John Cleese), and then one has to make a final decision. But Sam and Diane weren't the only ones exploring relationships.", "Made memorable guest role on NBC sitcom \"Cheers\" as Nanny Gee, a woman from Dr. Frasier Crane's past", "Guest Stars: Joan Sanderson (Mrs Richards), Ballard Berkeley ( Major Gowen ), Brian Hall ( Terry ), Gilly Flower ( Miss Tibbs ), Renee Roberts ( Miss Gatsby ), Robert Lankesheer (Mr Thurston), Johnny Shannon (Mr Firkins), Bill Bradley (Mr Mackintosh), George Lee (Mr Kerr), Mervyn Pascoe (Mr Yardley)", "Sheridan Smith (born 25 June 1981) is an English actress. In television, Smith's first TV appearance came in 1999 when she played Matilda in ITV's Dark Ages, and she is best known for her roles on the comedy series Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps , Gavin & Stacey (2008–10), and Benidorm (2009). Smith played the title role in the five-part series Mrs Biggs (2012), as Charmian Biggs, wife of Ronnie Biggs. She is also a critically acclaimed West End theatre actress, having won two Laurence Olivier Awards in two consecutive years: in 2011, the award for Best Actress in a Musical for playing Elle Woods in Legally Blonde; and in 2012, that for Best Performance in a Supporting Role for her performance as Doris in the revival of Flare Path.", "Guest Stars: Gillian Kerrod as Mrs Ansley, Kathleen Worth as Mrs Wiley, Lill Roughley as Gloria Gray, Travis Yates as Anthony Richards, Joanna Swain as Teacher, Samantha Montgomery as Millicent Gray, Richard Lintern as Ray Richards, Poppy Miller as Ellen Richards", "Rhea Perlman (born March 31, 1948) is an American actress, best known for her role as Carla Tortelli on the popular sitcom Cheers. She is married to actor Danny DeVito. She received an unprecedented 10 Emmy Award nominations for Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series (Cheers ran 11 seasons). She won the Emmy four times. She later starred in the short-running sitcom \"Pearl\" as the title character, and was featured on the show \"Kate Brasher.\"", "Guest Stars: Marcus Romer as Mr Hodges, Graham Padden (1) as Mr Ellis, Adam Shaw (1) as Salesman, Richard Cadman as Jez Lloyd, Robert Peers as Alan, Neil Firth as Dave, Meriel Schofield as Sally Owen, Bruce M. Byron as Vic Owen, Arbel Jones as Mary Ward, Philip Jackson (1) as unknown, Rosalind Ayres as Ann Marsden, Gabrielle Lloyd as Jean Ryder, Garry Crystal as Brian Rider, Elizabeth Kelly (1) as Ethel Simcox", "Hostesses: Mireille Allonville, Jenny Layland, Patsy Ann Scott, Annie St. John, Karen Palmer, Gail Playfair, Tula, Alison Temple-Savage, Libby Roberts, Fiona Curzon, Karan David, Caroline Munro, Lynda Lee Lewis", "Dame Penelope Anne Constance Keith, DBE, DL (born Penelope Anne Constance Hatfield; born 2 April 1940) is an English actress, best known for her roles in the British sitcoms The Good Life and To the Manor Born.", "Rhea Jo Perlman (born March 31, 1948) is an American actress, best known for her role as Carla Tortelli in the sitcom Cheers, for which she won four Emmy Awards.", "Guest Stars: Bill Lund as Butcher, Anne Firbank as Agnes Tripp, Ted Beyer as Taxi Driver, Peter Barkworth as Frank Milner, Annie Boland as Claire Milner, Mike Kelly as Malcolm Mostyn.", "Q. Who plays Vera, Norm's wife, on the TV show Cheers? The producers include her occasionally, but only her feet or voice.", "Born as Christine Pickles in Yorkshire, England, she is best known for her recurring roles as Nurse Helen Rosenthal in 137 episodes of St. Elsewhere (1982-1988) and as Courteney Cox ' mother Judy Geller on Friends (1994-2003). In 1987 she portrayed the Sorceress in the popular comic adaptation Masters of the Universe, alongside Trek performers Meg Foster , Robert Duncan McNeill , Anthony De Longis , and Frank Langella .", "Rebecca was born in Bristol on 21st October 1965 and brought up in North Wales and credits her stage ambitions to her supportive parents, her father having been an actor who brought other thespians to the house. At sixteen she left home to pursue Theatre Studies at Stratford-on-Avon under the tutelage of Gordon Vallins, who encouraged her to go to drama school at the age of eighteen. On graduation she embarked upon a theatrical career, playing, among other roles, Lady Anne in 'Richard III' and Gwendolen in 'The Importance of Being Earnest' at the Derby Playhouse and, from 1992 to 1993, Roxanne to Robert Lindsay's 'Cyrano de Bergerac' in London, during which production she met and later married fellow cast member Bob Barrett, with whom she has two daughters, the elder following in her parents' foot-steps by entering drama school. In 2015 she joined the cast of Florian Zeller's 'The Father' at the Theatre Royal, Bath, transferring with it to London to critical acclaim. She made her television debut in 1995 and has since appeared in a range of popular series including 'Foyle's War', 'Midsomer Murders' and 'Casualty' though not in the same episode as husband Bob, who has also featured in the show.", "She had a recurring role as Gary, owner of Gary's Shoes and Al Bundy's boss, in Married with Children from 1994-1997. Her many other sitcom guest appearances included The Golden Girls, Designing Women, 227, Empty Nest, Boy Meets World, Coach, Bonnie, Murphy Brown (as Doris Dial, stoic anchorman Charles Kimbrough's wife), Maggie, Norm, Still Standing (as Helen Michaels, Judy and Linda's mother) and Scrubs. She had a recurring role as Marion Shaw, Kimberly's mother, in Melrose Place from 1993-1997. She played Tom Cruise's oblivious mother in Risky Business.", "In television, she appeared as a panellist in comedy shows such as Call My Bluff (a regular as a team captain), Whose Line Is It Anyway? , Mock the Week , QI and Have I Got News for You , where she appeared on the very first episode in 1990. [12] She was also the host of What the Dickens , a Sky Arts quiz show .", "Thompson was absent from screens in 1996, but returned the following year with Alan Rickman's directorial debut, The Winter Guest. Set over one day in a Scottish seaside village, the drama allowed Thompson and her mother (Phyllida Law) to play mother and daughter on screen. She then returned to America to appear in an episode of Ellen, and her self-parodying performance received a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series. ", "Her early appearances were on British TV sketch comedy shows A Kick Up the Eighties (with Rik Mayall and Miriam Margolyes ) and Three of a Kind (with Lenny Henry and David Copperfield ). After a brief but high-profile singing career, she appeared as Candice Valentine in Girls On Top with Dawn French and Jennifer Saunders .", "Janet McLuckie Brown (14 December 1923 - 27 May 2011) was a Scottish actress, comedian, and impressionist who gained considerable fame in the 1970s and 1980s for her impersonations of Margaret Thatcher. Brown was the wife of Peter Butterworth who was best known for his appearances in the Carry on films. Butterworth died in 1979 and Brown never remarried.", "Smith played Cleo Martin in Love Soup (2005) and starred as Michelle, a hypocritical nutritionist, in three series of the sitcom Grownups (2006â2009). She has also appeared on The Lenny Henry Show as M.E. Westmocott, a role spoofing the various medical examiners on CSI. In the 2009 Two Pints of Lager Comic Relief special, which crossed over with Grownups, she played her characters from both series.<br /><br /> Smith has also appeared in a number of other shows including the BBC's Eyes Down, in which she played Sandy, and smaller parts in shows such as The Bill and Fat Friends. She featured as Rudi in the second and third series of the BBC Three sitcom Gavin & Stacey. Read Less", "Mrs. Mary Elizabeth Jennifer Rachel Abergavenny \"Betty\" Slocombe is a fictional character from the BBC One comedy shows, Are You Being Served? and Grace & Favour. She was played by Mollie Sugden.", "actress: The Joy Luck Club, When a Man Loves a Woman, Grace Under Fire, DAG, Max Steel", "The 35-year-old appeared on UK reality show I’m A Celebrity… Get Me Out of Here in 2005 and appears in the Daz washing powder soap adverts. She has also starred in hit US sitcom Ally McBeal and soap Pacific Palisades.", "Her first major screen role was in Cliff Richard's 1963 film, Summer Holiday. A few years later, she made her breakthrough in television comedy, playing Rita, the married daughter of Alf Garnett in the controversial BBC sitcom Till Death Us Do Part (1966-75). She also appeared in the short-lived sitcom Till Death... (1981), again playing Rita. She played Rita a third time in a few episodes of the BBC sitcom In Sickness and in Health (1985-92).", "actress: Deep in My Heart, Hit the Deck, Small Town Girl, Seven Brides for Seven Brothers", "6.         Born in 1955 in Cheadle Hulme.  Former head girl at Macclesfield High School for Girls.  Childhood friend of Ian Curtis.  Actress, probably best known for playing Mrs Miggins in “Blackadder”.", "In 1995, she starred in the two part Gurinder Chadha directed drama Rich Deceiver as Ellie Freeman, a Liverpudlian housewife who secretly wins the pools and uses the money to covertly help her husband's career. She also starred in the ITV series Wokenwell (1997) and appeared in a long-running series of TV commercials for Kleenex directed by Mike Leigh.", "The 61-year-old actress, who made her name in the Carry On films of the 1960s and 1970s, launches You've Got A Friend at a celebrity party in London on Thursday." ]

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[ "Which was the first and only* American TV series to earn a #1 Nielsen rating for its premiere episode?", "According to TV Guide, the show \"was TV's biggest hit in the 1980s, and almost single-handedly revived the sitcom genre and NBC's ratings fortunes\".[1] Originally, the show had been pitched to ABC, which rejected it.[1] Entertainment Weekly stated that The Cosby Show helped to make possible a larger variety of shows based on African Americans, from In Living Color to The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air.[2] The Cosby Show was also one of the first successful sitcoms based on the subject matter of a standup comedian�s act, blazing a trail for other such successful programs as Roseanne, The Drew Carey Show, Seinfeld, and Everybody Loves Raymond. The Cosby Show along with All in the Family are the only two American programmes that have been #1 in the Nielsen Ratings for five consecutive seasons. The show spawned the successful spin-off A Different World.", "CBS's All in the Family and NBC's The Cosby Show share second place, ranked No. 1 overall each for 5 consecutive (and overall total) seasons, from 1972 to 1976, and 1986 to 1990, respectively. If the total number of seasons of Nielsen No.1-leads are counted, CBS's 60 Minutes also share second place, and to date is the only primetime program to lead the Nielsen primetime ratings in 3 separate decades – 1970s, 1980s and the 1990s, and together with NBC's ER and Friends, remained the latest primetime programs in the United States of television news, medical drama and sitcom genres to rank first in the Nielsen annual ratings, back in 1994, 1999 and 2002, respectively. NBC's Seinfeld remained as the latest television series to end its run leading the annual Nielsen television ratings, back in 1998. Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? remains the latest primetime program from ABC to lead the Nielsen annual primetime television ratings, back in 2000. Meanwhile, NBC's Sunday Night Football debuted in 2012 as the country's first ever regular primetime sports program to rank No.1 in the Nielsen annual primetime television ratings. ", "Roseanne is an American sitcom that was broadcast on ABC from October 18, 1988, to May 20, 1997. Starring Roseanne Barr, the show revolved around the Conners, an Illinois working-class family. The series reached #1 in the Nielsen ratings becoming the most watched television show in the United States from 1989 to 1990, and remained in the top four for six of its nine seasons, and in the top twenty for eight seasons, TV Guide rated \"Roseanne\" as one of the greatest shows of all time.", "One of Tartikoff's late acquisitions, Seinfeld initially struggled from its debut in 1989 as a summer series, but grew to become one of NBC's top-rated shows after it was moved to Thursdays in the timeslot following Cheers. Seinfeld ended its run in 1998, becoming the latest overall television program in the U.S. to end its final season as the leader in the Nielsen ratings for a single television season. Consequently, Friends emerged as NBC's biggest television show after the 1998 Seinfeld final broadcast. It dominated the ratings, never leaving the top five watched shows of the year from its second through tenth seasons and landing on the number-one spot during season eight in the 2001–02 season as the latest sitcom in the U.S. to lead the annual Nielsen primetime television ratings. Cheers spinoff Frasier became a critical and commercial success, usually landing in the Nielsen Top 20 – although its ratings were overshadowed to a minor extent by Friends – and went on to win numerous Emmy Awards (eventually setting a record for a sitcom that lasted until it was overtaken by Modern Family in 2014). In 1994, the network began branding its strong Thursday night lineup, mainly in reference to the comedies airing in the first two hours, under the \"Must See TV\" tagline (which during the mid- and late 1990s, was also applied to NBC's comedy blocks on other nights, particularly on Tuesdays).", "The country's love affair with the sitcom blossomed during the 1952-53 season, when \"I Love Lucy\" claimed viewers' hearts and the No. 1 spot. It was the first sitcom -- filmed on a soundstage using three cameras and a live audience -- to accomplish this. \"Friends,\" No. 1 for the 2001-02 season, was the last.", "Regardless of the poor reviews, the show shot to the top of the Nielsen ratings shortly after its premiere and stayed there for several seasons. During its first two seasons, it was the number one program in the U.S. During its second season, it earned some of the highest ratings ever recorded for a half-hour sitcom. The season-two episode \"The Giant Jackrabbit\" also became the most watched telecast up to the time of its airing, and remains the most-watched half-hour episode of a sitcom, as well. The series enjoyed excellent ratings throughout its run, although it had fallen out of the top 20 most-watched shows during its final season.", "The series was hugely popular in its first season. The Nielsen ratings were very high, ranking at #3 behind Laverne & Shirley (#1) and Three's Company (#2). The show even garnered higher ratings than the show that spawned it, Happy Days (#4). However, the network management sought to \"improve\" the show in several ways. This was done in conjunction with what is known in the industry as counterprogramming, a technique in which a successful show is moved opposite a ratings hit on another network. The show was moved from Thursdays, where it outrated CBS' The Waltons, to Sundays, replacing Battlestar Galactica. The show now aired against two highly-rated shows: NBC's anthology series The Sunday Big Event and CBS' Archie Bunker's Place, the revamped continuation of All in the Family.", "Seinfeld is an Emmy Award-winning American situation comedy that originally aired on NBC from July 5, 1989 to May 14, 1998, lasting nine seasons. Many of its catchphrases have entered into the popular culture lexicon. The show led the Arthur Nielsen Media Research Ratings in its sixth and ninth seasons and finished among the top two (along with NBC’s ER) every year from 1994 to 1998. In 2002, TV Guide named Seinfeld as the greatest American television program of all time. A 2006 sitcom industry poll conducted by the United Kingdom’s Channel 4 voted Seinfeld as the third best sitcom ever, ranking behind Frasier and Fawlty Towers.", "The Flintstones, which debuted in 1960, is considered the first example of the animated sitcom genre.[http://www.retroland.com/cartoon-sitcoms/#.Tv_Ws_Lm6ls Cartoon Sitcom Face-Off] The similar cartoon The Jetsons, which took place in the future rather than the past, followed in 1962.", "In 1990, Thomas S. Murphy delegated his position as president to Daniel B. Burke while remaining ABC's chairman and CEO. Capital Cities/ABC reported revenues of $465 million. Now at a strong second place, the network entered the 1990s with additional family-friendly hits including America's Funniest Home Videos (which has gone on to become the longest-running prime time entertainment program in the network's history), Step by Step, Hangin' with Mr. Cooper, Boy Meets World and Perfect Strangers spinoff Family Matters, as well as series such as Doogie Howser, M.D., Life Goes On, cult favorite Twin Peaks and The Commish. In September 1991, the network premiered Home Improvement, a sitcom starring stand-up comic Tim Allen centering on the family and work life of an accident-prone host of a cable-access home improvement show. Lasting eight seasons, its success led ABC to greenlight additional sitcom projects helmed by comedians during the 1990s including The Drew Carey Show; Brett Butler vehicle Grace Under Fire; and Ellen, which became notable for a 1997 episode which served as the coming out of series star Ellen DeGeneres (as well as her character in the series) as a lesbian.", "King of the Hill is an American adult animated sitcom created by Mike Judge and Greg Daniels that ran from January 12, 1997, to May 6, 2010, on Fox. It centers on the Hills, a middle-class Methodist family in the fictional small suburban town of Arlen, Texas. It attempts to retain a naturalistic approach, seeking humor in the conventional and mundane aspects of everyday life while dealing with issues comically. Unlike other animated programs, plots were often cumulative, much like a prime-time drama. In addition, the show was known for its dramatic cliffhangers during season finales. This style of storytelling was unusual for an animated program at the time King of the Hill aired. Judge and Daniels conceived the series after a run with Judge's Beavis and Butt-head on MTV, and the series debuted on the Fox network as a mid-season replacement on January 12, 1997, quickly becoming a hit. The series's popularity led to worldwide syndication, and reruns air nightly on Adult Swim. The show became one of Fox's longest-running series, and was the second longest-running American animated series at the time of its cancellation, The Simpsons being the first. It is currently the third, after being passed up by South Park. In 2007 it was named by Time magazine as one of the top 100 greatest television shows of all time. The title theme was written and performed by The Refreshments. King of the Hill won two Emmy Awards and was nominated for seven.", "This show was one of the most watched sitcoms of the 90s, reaching the first place in ratings during the 1993-1994 season, and winning many awards.", "The Big Bang Theory is an American sitcom created by Chuck Lorre and Bill Prady, both of whom serve as executive producers on the show, along with Steven Molaro. All three also serve as head writers. It premiered on CBS on September 24, 2007.", "The show premiered on April 5, 1987 as the very first program ever shown by the brand new FOX Network, and along with Twenty One Jump Street and The Tracey Ullman Show was one of the network's few hits before the NFL and The Simpsons turned the network into a major player. It was a constant ratings success until it ended in June of 1997; it's still Fox's longest-running live-action sitcom. This is the show in which Christina Applegate and Katey Sagal got their starts.", "Married... with Children is an American sitcom that aired for 11 seasons. It featured a dysfunctional family living in a fictional Chicago suburb. The show, notable for being the first prime-time television series to air on Fox, ran from April 5, 1987, to June 9, 1997. It was created by Michael G. Moye and Ron Leavitt. The show was known for handling nonstandard topics for the time period, which garnered the then-fledgling Fox network a standing among the Big Three ...", "The Flintstones was the first, and the longest running, animated situation comedy shown in prime-time television. Premiering on ABC on 30 September 1960, it gained high ratings in its first season, thus establishing animation as a viable prime time format. Produced by Hanna-Barbera (Bill Hanna and Joe Barbera), The Flintstones was patterned after Jackie Gleason's The Honeymooners. Designed as a program for the entire family, the program did not appear as \"children's television\" until its rebroadcast by NBC in 1967. Its popularity with teenagers in its 8:30 P.M. Friday time slot, however, presaged the late 1960s move to animation as the preeminent format for children's programming.", "Happy Days is an American television sitcom that originally aired from January 15, 1974, to September 24, 1984, on ABC. Created by Garry Marshall , the series presents an idealized vision of life in the mid-1950s to mid-1960s United States.", "All in the Family is an American sitcom that was originally broadcast on the CBS television network for nine seasons, from January 12, 1971, to April 8, 1979. In September 1979, a new show, Archie Bunker's Place, picked up where All in the Family had ended. That sitcom lasted another four years, ending its run in 1983.", "Friends is an American situation comedy created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman , which premiered on NBC (National Broadcasting Company) on September 22, 1994. The series revolves around a group of friends in the area of Manhattan , New York City , who occasionally live together and share living expenses. The series was produced by Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions , in association with Warner Bros. Television . The original executive producers were Crane, Kauffman and Kevin Bright , with numerous others being promoted in later seasons.", "This show and its \"rival\" series \"The Addams Family\" (1964) both debuted within a week of one another in September 1964. At the end of that year's TV season, this show ranked #18 in the Nielsens, with a rating of 24.7, while The Addams Family came in at #23, with a 23.9 rating. At the time, Nielsens indicated what percentage of American TV households tuned in to any given program. By the end of the following year, both series were cancelled.", "Scrubs (stylized as [scrubs]) is an American medical comedy-drama television series created by Bill Lawrence that aired from October 2, 2001, to March 17, 2010, on NBC and later ABC. The series follows the lives of employees at the fictional Sacred Heart teaching hospital. The title is a play on surgical scrubs and a term for a low-ranking person because at the beginning of the series, most of the main characters were medical interns.", "The Brady Bunch is an American sitcom created by Sherwood Schwartz that aired from September 26, 1969, to March 8, 1974, on ABC. The series revolves around a large blended family with six children.", "The Tracey Ullman Show was a weekly television variety show, hosted by comedienne Tracey Ullman. It debuted in April 1987 as the FOX network's first series and ran until May 1990. The show featured sketch comedy along with many musical numbers. Much of the current success of FOX can be attributed the hugely successful spin-off , The Simpsons .", "In the 1990s it was one of the most watched sitcoms in the American market, winning many awards. The series launched Tim Allen's acting career and also was the start of the television career of Pamela Anderson, who was part of the recurring cast for the first two seasons. ", "The show debuted in the US in November 1985. The first episode rated only 50th in the American lists, the second 37th and the third 39th. Over on NBC, the comedy Cheers was kicking The Colbys ass.", "With the revival series on FOX, Get Smart became the first television franchise to air new episodes on each of the aforementioned current four major American television networks, although several TV shows in the 1940s and 1950s aired on NBC, CBS, ABC and DuMont. The different versions of Get Smart did not all feature the original lead cast.", "The first season's obsession with television and sitcom stars such as Patrick Duffy and Tina Yuthers. Most of the comedy in those episodes revolves around basic cable television.", "Though the show won an Emmy as Best Comedy, the writers were never so honored (in fairness, the Emmy for sitcom writing didn't exist until 1955).", "Creator Susan Harris went on to contribute another four episodes to the first season, but became less involved with the sitcom throughout its run; she would, however, continue reading all scripts and remained familiar with most of the storylines. Kathy Speer and Terry Grossman were the first head writers of the series and wrote for the show's first four seasons. As head writers, Speer and Grossman along with Mort Nathan and Barry Fanaro—who won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing the first season—gave general ideas to lower staff writers, and personally wrote a handful of scripts each season. ", "Who was the first character on a hit American sitcom to get married and become a mother during the show's run, AND keep her job?", "The first television series to win the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series for a show that had not yet completed its first season. See more »" ]

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[ "Janet Jackson was born into a musical family and was the youngest of nine children. Janet Jackson's brothers, including mega-celeb Michael Jackson , made up the '70s pop group the Jackson 5. Janet Jackson began performing when she was a child and opened for the Jackson 5 in Las Vegas. But at the time Janet Jackson was known more for her acting, rather than her singing. Janet Jackson appeared on the TV shows Good Times, Diff'rent Strokes and Fame. When Janet Jackson was 16, her father forced her to follow in her brothers' footsteps by singing professionally.", "BORN: May 16, 1966, Gary, IN Of the many siblings of mega-star Michael Jackson, Michael's youngest sister Janet is one of the few with enough genuine talent to succeed without her family ties. Jackson's fame rests largely on her successful, elaborately produced music videos, wherein the talented singer and dancer projects a more accessible, realistic image than her otherworldly brother. She is also a skilled and agreeable actress, as witness her series-TV stints on Good Times (1977-78), Diff'rent Strokes (1981-82) and Fame (1984). In 1993, Janet Jackson made her movie debut as a South Central L.A. beautician in director John Singleton's Poetic Justice (1993); the film was no classic, but Janet dominated every scene she was in, even those shared with notorious rap artist Tupac Shakur.  -- Hal Erickson, All Movie Guide", "Janet Jackson was born in Gary, Indiana, the youngest of ten children, to Katherine Esther (née Scruse) and Joseph Walter Jackson. The Jacksons were lower-middle class and devout Jehovah's Witnesses, although Jackson would later refrain from organized religion. At a young age, her brothers began performing as The Jackson 5. In March 1969, the group signed a record deal with Motown, and soon had their first number-one hit. The family then moved to the Encino neighborhood of Los Angeles. Jackson had initially desired to become a horse racing jockey or entertainment lawyer, with plans to support herself through acting. Despite this, she was anticipated to pursue a career in entertainment, and considered the idea after recording herself in the studio. At age seven, Jackson performed at the Las Vegas Strip at the MGM Casino. A biography revealed her father, Joseph Jackson, was emotionally withdrawn, and told her to address him solely by his first name as a child. She began acting in the variety show The Jacksons in 1976. In 1977, she was selected to have a starring role as Penny Gordon Woods in the sitcom Good Times. She later starred in A New Kind of Family and later got a recurring role on Diff'rent Strokes, portraying Charlene Duprey from Seasons 3 to 6. Jackson also played the role of Cleo Hewitt during the fourth season of Fame, but expressed indifference towards the series. ", "Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American recording artist , singer-songwriter , and philanthropist . Referred to as the King of Pop , Jackson is recognized as the most successful entertainer of all time by Guinness World Records . His contribution to music, dance and fashion, along with a much-publicized personal life, made him a global figure in popular culture for over four decades. The eighth child of the Jackson family , he debuted on the professional music scene along with his brothers as a member of The Jackson 5 in the mid-1960s, and began his solo career in 1971.", "Born in Gary, Indiana, the nine children of Joseph and Katherine Jackson had considerable successes, individually and together, and became known as the ‘Royal Family of Pop’. His siblings were Jackie (Sigmund Esco “Jackie” Jackson), Tito (Toriano Adaryll “Tito” Jackson), Jermaine (Jermaine La Jaune Jackson), Marlon (Marlon David Jackson), Randy (Steven Randall Jackson), Rebbie (Maureen Reillette Jackson), La Toya (La Toya Yvonne Jackson) and Janet (Janet Damita Jo Jackson).", "1966, Born on this day, Janet Jackson, singer, actress. The youngest child of the Jackson family, she has amassed an extensive catalog of hits, with singles such as 'Nasty', 'Rhythm Nation', 'That's the Way Love Goes', 'When I Think Of You', 'Together Again' and 'All for You', selling over 100 million records worldwide.", "Michael Jackson, born August 29, 1958, in Gary, Indiana, to an African-American working-class family was an American singer songwriter. Referred to as the King of Pop, Jackson is recognized as the most successful entertainer of all time by Guinness World Records. His contribution to music, dance and fashion, along with a much-publicized personal life, made him a global figure in popular culture for over four decades. The eighth child of the Jackson family, he debuted on the professional music scene alongside his brothers as a member of The Jackson 5 in the mid-1960s, and began his solo career in 1971.", "Michael Joseph Jackson (born August 29; 1958) is an American musician and entertainer. The seventh child of the Jackson family; he debuted on the professional music scene at the age of eleven as a member of The Jackson 5. Jackson began a solo career in 1971 while still a member of the group. In the early 1980s; he became a dominant figure in popular music as the first African-American entertainer to amass a strong crossover following on MTV. Referred to as the King of Pop in subsequent years; five of his solo studio albums have become some of the worlds best-selling records: Off the Wall (1979); Thriller (1982); Bad (1987); Dangerous (1991) and HIStory (1995). \"We Are the World\" is a 1985 song written by Michael Jackson and Lionel Ritchie, produced and conducted by Quincy Jones and recorded by a supergroup of 45 popular musicians billed as USA for Africa (United Support of Artists for Africa). The charity single was intended to raise funds to help famine-relief efforts in Ethiopia, which had experienced unusual drought and political instability in 1984/1985. The song was inspired by the charity single \"Do They Know It's Christmas?\" which had been.", "At first, the Jackson Family performers consisted of Michael's older brothers, Tito , Jermaine and Jackie . Michael joined his siblings when he was 5 years old, and emerged as the group's lead vocalist. He showed remarkable range and depth for such a young performer, impressing audiences with his ability to convey complex emotions. Older brother Marlon also became a member of the group, which evolved into the Jackson 5 .", "Singer, songwriter and actress Janet Jackson was born on May 16, 1966, in Gary, Indiana. The youngest of nine children born to Katherine Esther and Joseph Walter Jackson , she grew up in the affluence of a show business family. Her five brothers— Jackie , Tito , Marlon , Jermaine and Michael —signed a contract with Motown Records in 1968 and would go on to rule the charts as The Jackson Five , with such hits as \"I Want You Back,\" \"The Love You Save,\" \"ABC\" and \"Dancing Machine.\"", "Jackson was born 29 August 1958, in Gary, Indiana, to an African-American working-class family. His father, Joseph Jackson, had been a guitarist but had put aside his musical aspirations to provide for his family as a crane operator. Believing his sons had talent, he molded them into a musical group in the early 1960s. At first, the Jackson Family performers consisted of Michael's older brothers Tito, Jermaine, and Jackie. Michael joined his siblings when he was five, and emerged as the group's lead vocalist. He showed remarkable range and depth for such a young performer, impressing audiences with his ability to convey complex emotions. Older brother Marlon also became a member of the group, which evolved into the The Jackson 5.", "Janet Jackson Janet Damita Jo Jackson is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. Known for a series of sonically innovative, socially conscious and sexually provocative records, as well as elaborate stage shows, television roles, and film", "A number of Jackson's family members were in the courthouse, including his father Joseph, mother Katherine, sisters LaToya and Janet, and brothers Jermaine, Randy and Tito. LaToya Jackson carried a sunflower, her brother's favorite flower.", "Still, Jermaine remained the sole solo Jackson not named �Michael� to do anything even remotely popular on his own. Actually, Janet made a modest career for herself as an actress. Starting with her role as Penny on Good Times in the late Seventies, she also earned supporting roles on Fame and Diff�rent Strokes. Janet stayed in the background with these fairly small parts, but at least she created a minor name for herself.", "The fifth son of Joe and Katherine Jackson, Michael was raised in Gary, Indiana. His father's harsh disciplinary tactics and the devout Jehovah 's Witness beliefs of his mother contributed to what he would later describe as a sad, difficult childhood. By 1962 Joe, a steelworker and former musician, had organized his three eldest sons into a family singing group. Soon, young Michael joined the lineup, his mature vocals augmented by an uncanny ability to mimic the nimble-footed dance moves popularized by R&B star James Brown. By 1969 the Jackson 5 had signed with Detroit 's famed Motown Records and released the number one pop and R&B hit \"I Want You Back.\" The single was backed with a version of R&B group Smokey Robinson & the Miracles' 1960 song, \"Who's Lovin' You,\" on which eleven-year-old Michael bends and twists his vocals in homage to the R&B vocal tradition.", "” While brothers Michael and Jermaine were the main attractions of the group, all five Jackson brothers sang lead spots on various songs. Marlon's voice can noticeably be heard on \"Feelin' Alright\", \"Little Bitty Pretty One\" and \"Corner of The Sky\". He took a more prominent singing role on the 1973 G.I.T.: Get It Together album, particularly in the last minutes of the song \"Mama I Gotta Brand New Thing (Don't Say No)\".", "Katherine’s grandson T. J. Jackson, and others who were looking after Michael’s children at his Calabasas home, soon deduced that the five Jackson siblings—who that same week had sent a letter to Michael’s executors asking them to resign and claiming that their mother had suffered a mini-stroke—now reportedly with Katherine in their custody were, in the view of Mrs. Jackson’s representatives, attempting to gain a conservatorship over her, possibly by demonstrating her incompetence to serve as guardian of Michael’s children. They hoped to gain control of their brother’s fortune, which would follow Prince, Paris, and Blanket wherever they went.", "At the time, Janet looked like little more than another sibling trying to ride Michael�s coattails. Prior to 1986, few of these Jackson family releases met with success. Older brother Jermaine achieved a minor success in 1980 with �Let�s Get Serious�, and he also scored a hit in 1984 with �Tell Me I�m Not Dreaming�. However, since the latter was a duet with Michael, it didn�t really represent an accomplishment for Jermaine himself; Ernest Borgnine could have topped the charts with a Michael duet during that era.", "La Toya Jackson is supposedly the “crazy” member of the Jackson clan but I’m sure many would argue otherwise. She tried the whole singing thing in the form of a solo career but didn’t find much success and had to file for bankruptcy in 1995. She was on TV for the reality show Armed and Famous in 2007 and went through an emotional therapeutic attempt to relieve her of her phobia of cats.", "Though Broderick is a trained Broadway singer, he was not up to the task, and neither was non-singer Thomas, so Toto lead singer Joseph Williams and actor Jason Weaver were hired to dub their respective singing voices. Williams' voice is heard on the song \"Can You Feel the Love Tonight\". Impressed by Weaver's performance as a young Michael Jackson in the miniseries The Jacksons: An American Dream, songwriters Elton John and Tim Rice recruited him to record \"I Just Can't Wait to Be King\" and \"Hakuna Matata\" while the film was still in its early stages of production. As directors, Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff worked closely with the actors in order to ensure credible performances. As is frequently done in animated films, the filmmakers videotaped the actors while they recorded their dialogue, allowing the animators to incorporate their specific mannerisms into the designs of their characters. ", "In June 1975, the Jackson 5 signed with Epic Records, a subsidiary of CBS Records, and renamed themselves the Jacksons. Younger brother Randy formally joined the band around this time, while Jermaine chose to stay with Motown and pursue a solo career. The Jacksons continued to tour internationally, and released six more albums between 1976 and 1984. Michael, the group’s lead songwriter during this time, wrote hits such as “Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)” (1979), “This Place Hotel” (1980), and “Can You Feel It” (1980). Jackson’s work in film began in 1978, when he starred as the Scarecrow in The Wiz, a musical directed by Sidney Lumet that also starred Diana Ross, Nipsey Russell, and Ted Ross. The film was a box-office disaster. While working on the film Jackson met Quincy Jones, who was arranging the film’s musical score, and Jones agreed to produce Jackson’s next solo album, Off the Wall. In 1979, Jackson broke his nose during a complex dance routine. His subsequent rhinoplasty was not a complete success; he complained of breathing difficulties that would affect his career. He was referred to Dr. Steven Hoefflin, who performed Jackson’s second rhinoplasty and subsequent operations.", "Married to Nathanal Brown, The oldest of the nine Jackson siblings, Rebbie first performed on stage with her siblings during shows in Las Vegas, Nevada, at the MGM Grand Hotel and Casino in 1974, before subsequently appearing in the television series The Jacksons .  Brown and Jackson would go on to have three children together: daughters Stacee, Yashi and son Austin Brown", "Now calling themselves the Jacksons, the group signed a new recording deal with Epic Records. With 1978's Destiny, Michael Jackson and his brothers (which by now included younger brother Randy) emerged as talented songwriters, penning all of the record's tracks. Working with producer Quincy Jones, Michael Jackson wowed the music world with his next solo album, 1979's Off the Wall. It featured an infectious blend of pop and funk with such hit tracks as the Grammy Award-winning \"Don't Stop 'til You Get Enough,\" \"Rock with You,\" and the title track. He also found success with the ballad \"She's Out of My Life.\"", "1994, Michael Jackson married Lisa Marie Presley, daughter of Elvis Presley. The couple divorced in 1995.", "Maureen Reillette \"Rebbie\" Jackson is Joe and Katherine's oldest child. She scored a hit in the 1980s with the song \"Centipede.\" She has three children: Stacee, Yashi and Austin \"Auggie\" Brown. Here she attends the world premiere of \"Michael Jackson: The Life of an Icon\" in London in November 2011.", "Jackson sang from childhood, and over time his voice and vocal style changed noticeably. Between 1971 and 1975, Jackson's voice descended from boy soprano to high tenor. [267] Jackson first used a technique called the \"vocal hiccup\" in 1973, starting with the song \"It's Too Late to Change the Time\" from The Jackson 5 's G.I.T.: Get It Together album. [268] Jackson did not use the hiccup technique— somewhat like a gulping for air or gasping— fully until the recording of Off the Wall : it can be seen in full force in the \" Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground) \" promotional video. [14] With the arrival of Off the Wall in the late 1970s, Jackson's abilities as a vocalist were well regarded. At the time, Rolling Stone compared his vocals to the \"breathless, dreamy stutter\" of Stevie Wonder. Their analysis was also that \"Jackson's feathery-timbred tenor is extraordinarily beautiful. It slides smoothly into a startling falsetto that's used very daringly\". [269] [270] 1982 saw the release of Thriller, and Rolling Stone was of the opinion that Jackson was then singing in a \"fully adult voice\" that was \"tinged by sadness\". [256]", "In 1972, while continuing to perform with his brothers, Jermaine released his first solo record, which produced the top-10 single \"Daddy's Home.\" When the Jacksons left Motown, Jermaine left the band, as he was married to Motown founder Berry Gordy's daughter. Subsequently, he carried on releasing solo material, including hit singles like the Stevie Wonder-produced \"Tell Me I'm Not Dreaming\" and the dance track \"Dynamite.\"", "In 1978, Jackson married fellow Southerner, the actor and producer Andrew Stevens, the son of actress Stella Stevens; they divorced in 1982. She married David Greenwald of New York in 1982, but they divorced two years later. Her third marriage was to stuntman Tom Hart in 1991, but they also divorced two years later. In 1995, Jackson adopted a son, Charles Taylor Jackson. ", "In early 1994, Jackson has reportedly resurrected an earlier project. He was to have contributed a song to the Adams Family Values soundtrack. That song, \"Is This Scary\", is now being finished along with an extended length video. The video, financed by the artist, was said to cost 6 million dollars.", "In early 1994, Jackson has reportedly resurrected an earlier project. He was to have contributed a song to the Adams Family Values soundtrack. That song, \"Is This Scary\", is now being finished along with an extended length video. The video, financed by the artist, was said to cost 6 million dollars.", "* Samuel L. Jackson sings \"Bali Ha'i\" in the shower after waking from a coma in the feature film Sphere (1998).", "The Partridge Family TV sitcom was inspired by and loosely based on an actual pop music family. Which one?" ]

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[ "The Beverly Hillbillies is an American sitcom originally broadcast on CBS for nine seasons, from September 26, 1962, to March 23, 1971. The show had an ensemble cast which features Buddy Ebsen, Irene Ryan, Donna Douglas, and Max Baer Jr. as a poor backwoods family who move to Beverly Hills, California, after striking oil on their land. The show was produced by Filmways and was created by writer Paul Henning. It was followed by two other Henning-inspired country-cousin series on CBS: Petticoat Junction, and its spin-off Green Acres, which reversed the rags-to-riches model of The Beverly Hillbillies.", "The series was created by Paul Henning who was one of the most successful men in the early years of television and maintained his record for hits throughout the sixties. He not only wrote the treatment for the series and many of the episodes he penned the still famous theme song. He goes back to the golden age of television with his work n such successful shows like �Burns and Allen�, �Dennis Day� and �The Real McCoys�. If are of the age that you don�t remember a time without computers ask your parents or perhaps your grandparents about these shows; they were the staples of our television viewing for many years. Henning would also create the two spin offs of �Hillbillies�; �Green Acres� and �Petticoat Junction�. At one time CSB was considered the rural television network because of Henning�s hit shows. There would later be some backlash for this public perception but during this third season the Hillbillies� were at the height of their popularity. There was something special about the shows that Henning provided to us. They were about simple people untouched by the hectic modern world; unassuming folk that we all could relate to. We all knew that we would never be a private detective, cowboy, lawyer or doctor, the subject of other TV shows, but we could feel a kinship to the simple folk shown in this series.", "Based upon a 1950s radio show called GRANBY'S GREEN ACRES, which featured Gale Gordon (HERE'S LUCY) and Bea Benadaret (PETTICOAT JUNCTION), this 1965 television situation comedy debuted as a spin-off of PETTICOAT JUNCTION (which in turn had spun off from THE BEVERLY HILLBILLIES), with a different cast. New York lawyer Oliver Wendell Douglas (Eddie Albert) uproots his glamorous city-loving wife Lisa (Eva Gabor) to move to a ramshackle farm near Hooterville, a breeding ground for lunatic country characters: con man Mr. Haney (Pat Buttram), dimwitted helper Eb (Tom Lester), storekeeper Sam Drucker (Frank Cady), idiot county agent Hank Kimball (Alvy Moore), and Fred Ziffel and his treasured pig named Arnold, among many others. Everything Douglas touches on his farm immediately falls to pieces, and the colorful denizens of Hooterville remain more of a hindrance than a help. This collection includes all the episodes from season three.", "“The Beverly Hillbillies” is a classic American comedy series that originally aired for nine seasons from 1962 to 1971 and was the first television series to feature a “fish out of water” genre. The series was about the Clampett family – widower Jed “J.D.” (Buddy Ebsen); his mother-in-law, Daisy May “Granny” Moses (Irene Ryan); beautiful but tomboyish daughter, Elly May (Donna Douglas); and nephew Jethro (Max Baer, Jr.) – that moves to ritzy Beverly Hills, California, after striking oil on the family’s Texas country farm. The show was a huge success during most of its nine-year original run, and it continues to be broadcast on different channels to this day. Different episodes of the show continue to rank as some of the most-watched episodes of television shows of all time.", "CBS News With Walter Cronkite, Campaign ’62, Dobie Gillis, The Beverly Hillbillies (Debut – The Beverly Hillbillies – About a family of proud hillbillies who strike it rich and exchange their one-room mountain cabin for a mansion in Beverly Hills. In the first episode, Jed Clampett strikes oil in the front yard of his Ozark property and the family gets ready to leave for Beverly Hills. Stars Buddy Epsen, Irene Ryan, Donna Douglas, Max Baer, and Bea Benaderet.) , Dick Van Dyke, Circle Theater", "“The Beverly Hillbillies” became a staple in our house as we watched the shenanigans of the Clampetts in their Beverly Hills mansion.  Ol Jed became a millionaire when “Black Gold, Texas Tea” was discovered on this land back in “them thar hills”.  So it was off to California.", "Darren Star, producer of the first series and the first spin-off, is the original creator of the Beverly Hills, 90210 continuity.", "In 1981, a Return of the Beverly Hillbillies television movie, written and produced by series creator Henning, was aired on the CBS network. Irene Ryan had died in 1973, and Raymond Bailey had died in 1980. The script acknowledged Granny's passing, but featured Imogene Coca as Granny's mother. Max Baer decided against reprising the role that both started and stymied his career, so the character of Jethro Bodine was given to another actor, Ray Young.", "The Beverly Hillbillies was a classic fish-out-of water comedy about a poor backwoods Ozark family transplanted to California after striking oil (\"black gold\" as the banjo-inflected theme song went) on their land.", "   In 1962 The Beverly Hillbillies premiered. It told the story of Jed Clampett and his family. Having accidentally struck oil (black gold, texas tea) while hunting, mountain man Jed became instantly wealthy. His relatives convinced Jed that now being wealthy, for the good of his daughter Elly May he should move to posh Beverly Hills. Jed was happy living the hillbilly life but, for Elly's sake, agreed. So he loaded up his truck and they moved to Beverly... Hills that is. Swimmin' pools, movie stars.", "Before his death, Paul Henning , whose estate now holds the original film elements to the public domain episodes, authorized MPI Home Video to release the best of the first two seasons on DVD, the first \"ultimate collection\" of which was released in the fall of 2005. These collections include the original, uncut versions of the first season's episodes, complete with their original theme music and opening sponsor plugs. Vol. 1 has, among its bonus features, the alternate, un-aired version of the pilot film, The Hillbillies Of Beverly Hills (the version of the episode that sold the series to CBS), and the \"cast commercials\" (cast members pitching the products of the show's sponsors) originally shown at the end of each episode.", "Before his death, Paul Henning, whose estate now holds the original film elements to the public domain episodes, authorized MPI Home Video to release the best of the first two seasons on DVD, the first \"ultimate collection\" of which was released in the fall of 2005. These collections include the original, uncut versions of the first season's episodes, complete with their original theme music and opening sponsor plugs. Volume 1 has, among its bonus features, the alternate, unaired version of the pilot film, The Hillbillies Of Beverly Hills (the version of the episode that sold the series to CBS), and the \"cast commercials\" (cast members pitching the products of the show's sponsors) originally shown at the end of each episode.", "Jethro Bodine - A nephew/young cousin of Jed. Described as naive, ignorant, and pompous. Stays in the city to seek better education and job offers. Can't seem to settle down in any job. Played by Max Baer, Jr. in the series, by Ray Young in the 1981 Return of the Beverly Hillbillies Made for TV Movie , and by Diedrich Bader in the film.", "Douglas played Elly May, the naive but lovable daughter of Jed Clampett, who lived to take care of her \"critters\" in the famed CBS sitcom, which ran from 1962 to 1971. \"The Beverly Hillbillies\" chronicled the fish-out-of-water tale of the Clampetts' move from the Ozarks to Beverly Hills after the family struck oil.", "The Beverly Hillbillies is one of the funniest and most inspired TV comedies of all time! The show was ranked #1 and attracted as many as 60 million viewers per week!", "The Return of the Beverly Hillbillies ITV, 4.00am-5.40am In its heyday in the Sixties, the comedy series The Beverly Hillbillies attracted American audiences of 60 million. This is a more recent TV movie, with Buddy Ebsen. TVM 1981", "Douglas spent nine years as Elly May, one of the main characters of the hugely popular \"Beverly Hillbillies.\" The series concerned a poor Ozark family who stumbled upon an oil fortune and then moved to the Southern California bastion of wealth, where their rural ways often clashed with the local swells -- particularly Margaret Drysdale, the wife of the man who ran the bank where the Clampetts kept their money.", "*The Beverly Hillbillies, starring Jim Varney, Cloris Leachman, Erika Eleniak, Diedrich Bader, Dabney Coleman, Lily Tomlin, Lea Thompson, Rob Schneider", "The Beverly Hillbillies premiered to a critical blasting and yet within a few weeks was at the top of the ratings and remained popular for the length of its run.", "Several weeks before the series was to debut, the episode \"The Sign Post\" was made in which Tommy made his debut. Margaret, who appeared in two episodes that were made before, but aired after, also appeared along with Joey. After the pilot aired as the first episode, \"The Sign Post\" aired and after that \"Fishing Trip\", the second episode, aired. After that, newly made episodes aired mixed in with the initial batch made earlier in 1959, which explains why \"Dennis Runs Away\", which was the fourth or fifth episode was run later in the first run, and shows an obviously younger Dennis as in the earlier episodes. Joey was gradually phased out in season one. Dennis's friend Stewart appeared in only a few episodes in the first season and was played by Ron Howard (who soon after became Opie Taylor on The Andy Griffith Show).", "They sang, too? Jed, Granny and the rest of the cast (even “Miss Jane”) from the ’60s TV hit The Beverly Hillbillies lift their voices in uneven song. $15-20.", "M*A*S*H had two official spin-off shows: the short-lived AfterMASH, which features several of the show's characters reunited in a midwestern hospital after the war, and an unpurchased television pilot, W*A*L*T*E*R, in which Walter �Radar� O�Reilly joins a stateside police force. A court ruled[citation needed] that the more successful Trapper John, M.D., is actually a spinoff of the original theatrical film.", "A feature adaptation of the classic TV show, when nice guy redneck Jed Clampett strikes it rich when he finds black oil, and moves he and his kin to posh Beverly Hills.", "The Andy Griffith Show is an American sitcom first televised on CBS between October 3, 1960 and April 1, 1968, which partially originated from an episode of The Danny Thomas Show. It stars Andy Griffith, who portrays the widowed sheriff of the fictional small community of Mayberry, North Carolina. His life is complicated by an inept but well-meaning deputy, Barney Fife (Don Knotts), Aunt Bee (Frances Bavier), a spinster aunt and housekeeper, and Opie (Ron Howard), a precocious young son. Local bumbling pals, and temperamental girlfriends further complicate his life. Regarding the tone of the show, Griffith said that despite a contemporary setting, the show attempted to emulate nostalgia, stating in a Today Show interview: \"Well, though we never said it, and though it was shot in the 1960s, it had a feeling of the 1930s. It was, when we were doing it, of a time gone by.\" ", "Empty Nest was an NBC sitcom which ran from 1988 to 1995. The series began as a spin-off of The Golden Girls , and its pilot ran as an episode of that show (season 2, episode 26), although it was dramatically changed before becoming its own series. Nevertheless, the two households were established as neighbors and characters regularly crossed between the two. Empty Nest was one of the year's top 10 most-watched programs for its first three years.", "On June 24, 1949, Hoppy became the first network Western television series, airing on NBC. At first NBC fashioned the shows out of the films after paying Boyd, who owned the TV rights to his films, a quarter-million dollars for them.", "In \"Black Widower\" (aired April 1992), Homer, Bart, Lisa and Maggie are shown watching an episode of Dinosaurs on TV. The parody clip shown of a \"Simpson-ized\" Earl, Robbie and Baby hints at the fact that the show was perceived in some quarters as another Simpsons clone.", "Troy McClure presents three Simpsons spinoff spoofs: In \"Chief Wiggum, P.I.,\" Chief Wiggum becomes a New Orleans detective. Next, Grampa Simpson's soul is trapped inside Moe's Love tester machine in \"The Love-Matic Grampa.\" Finally, the Simpson family hosts a '70s-style variety show.", "The originals are NBC’s Hopalong Cassidy and ABC’s The Lone Ranger, both from 1949. Hopalong Cassidy was a B-picture hero debuting on television in 1948 in the form of heavily edited movies. Cassidy was bigger than ever on the small screen, and NBC began airing an original series (also partly comprised of theatrical releases) in June of 1949 with William Boyd’s middle-aged Hoppy and his sidekick, grizzled old Red Connors. That September, The Lone Ranger began with a three-part movie patterned after ’30s adventure serials wherein the titular, fresh-faced ex-Texas Ranger and his Native American sidekick, Tonto, would find themselves in cliffhanger endings. Hopalong Cassidy burned hot and fast, but The Lone Ranger lasted for more than 200 episodes over eight years, including a season in color. It’s the Gunsmoke of the early Westerns, the key that fits all the other locks.", "What I remember most about this show was \"Bullet\", the dog. I think this was the first regular cowboy show to have a dog that was almost as big a star as the star's horse!", "King of the Hill is an American animated sitcom created by Mike Judge and Greg Daniels. The main characters are Hank Hill, Peggy Hill, Bobby Hill, Luanne Platter, Dale Gribble, Bill Dauterive, Boomhauer, Kahn Souphanousinphone, and Elroy \"Lucky\" Kleinschmidt.", "1957 – The comedy series “ The Real McCoys ” premiered on ABC-TV. Richard Crenna and Walter Brennan starred. Brennan was head of a West Virginia clan that moves to the LA San Fernando Valley." ]

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[ "Empty Nest was a spin-off of The Golden Girls, an award-winning sitcom that revolved around four older women living together in Miami, Florida. The spin-off focused on a paediatrician, Dr. Harry Weston, whose two adult daughters – an undercover policewoman and a lonely divorcée – move back home after their mother dies. The four stars of The Golden Girls all featured in the series as neighbours of the Westons who occasionally drop by to give advice, with Estelle Getty eventually becoming a regular cast member. Empty Nest was produced for seven seasons, from 1988 to 1995, and was one of the top ten most-watched programmes of the year for its first three seasons. Empty Nest spawned its own spin-off, Nurses, in 1991 – a comedy following a group of nurses working alongside Dr. Weston.", "Spin-Off : Empty Nest was about Dr. Harry Weston, the ladies' neighbor. That show in turn spun off the series Nurses. The Shared Universe of all these shows naturally led to a few Crossovers .", "Upon the success of The Golden Girls creator Susan Harris later devised Empty Nest as a spin-off from The Golden Girls with some character crossovers. Nurses was later spun off from Empty Nest, and the shows would occasionally have special episodes in which characters from one show made appearances in the others. ", "Empty Nest was a spinoff of The Golden Girls. Created by Susan Harris (Soap, Benson, The Golden Girls) this series centered around Dr. Harry Weston. A recent widow, Harry had to deal with going on with his life without his late wife, Libby. Fortunatly he had his practice (he's a pediatrician) as well as his two daughters, Carol and Barbara, who move back home and provide an annoyance to him. Other members of the cast include, Charlie Dietz (the obnoxious next door neighbor) and Laverne (Harry's sassy nurse). In later seasons, Harry began working at a clinic with Maxine, with Laverne in tow. Also, when the Golden Girls sequel, The Golden Palace, ended in 1993, Estelle Getty came to the show and portrayed the Golden Girl character of Sophia Petrillo. Theme Song: \"Life Goes On\" Written by: John Bettis and George Tipton Spin-off of: The Golden Girls", "Empty Nest had its own spin-off, Nurses, and all three shows aired back-to-back; this led to characters from all three programs appearing on the others.", "Empty Nest was a situation comedy about a widowed Miami pediatrician named Dr. Harry Weston.  Weston, played by Richard Mullian, was the father of three daughters.  Kristy McNichol portrayed the middle daughter, Barbara, who was an undercover cop.  The series came from the producers of The Golden Girls and was set in the same Miami neighbourhood.", "Nurses-Nurses debuted in 1991 and could be considered more of a spinoff to Empty Nest. It was about the Miami General Hopsital nurses at the hospital where Harry worked.", "*On \"Questions and Answers\", a season 7 episode of The Golden Girls aired February 8, 1992, Dorothy Zbornak (Bea Arthur) auditions for Jeopardy!, but despite her excellent show of knowledge, she is rejected by a contestant coordinator who feels that America would not root for her. In a dream sequence, Dorothy competes against roommate Rose Nylund (Betty White) and neighbor Charlie Deitz (David Leisure), in a crossover from Empty Nest. Trebek and Griffin appear as themselves in the dream sequence, and Gilbert provides a voice-over. ", "Empty Nest launched its own spin-off in 1991 set in Miami in the same hospital where Dr. Weston worked. The series starred Stephanie Hodge and a set of other young female and male nurses and follows their daily slumbers during worktime. As one of the few times in television history that three shows from the same producer, set in the same city, aired back-to-back-to-back on a single network in the same night, the three shows occasionally took advantage of their unique circumstances to create storylines that carried through all three series, such as \"Hurricane Saturday.\" Starring actress Hodge left the show after two seasons. David Rasche joined the cast at the start of the second season and Loni Anderson was added as the new hospital administrator for the third season.", "Capitalizing on the popularity of The Golden Girls, creator Susan Harris decided to develop a spin-off, centering on the empty nest syndrome. The initial pilot was aired as the 1987 Golden Girls episode \"Empty Nests\" and starred Paul Dooley and Rita Moreno as George and Renee Corliss, a married couple living next to the Golden Girls characters, who face empty nest syndrome after their three adult daughters moved out. When that idea wasn't well-received, Harris retooled the series as a vehicle for Richard Mulligan and the following year Empty Nest debuted, starring Mulligan as pediatrician Harry Weston, a widower whose two adult daughters moved back home. Characters from both shows made occasional guest appearances on the other show, with the four Girls guesting on Empty Nest and Mulligan, Dinah Manoff, Kristy McNichol, David Leisure and Park Overall appearing on The Golden Girls in their Empty Nest roles. After the end of The Golden Palace, Getty joined the cast of Empty Nest, making frequent appearances as Sophia in the show's final two seasons.", "An immediate runaway hit, The Golden Girls became an NBC staple on Saturday nights. The show was the anchor of NBC's Saturday line-up, and almost always won its time slot, as ABC and CBS struggled to find shows to compete against it, the most notable being ABC's Lucille Ball sitcom Life With Lucy in the beginning of the 1986–87 season. The Golden Girls was part of a series of Brandon Tartikoff shows that put an end to NBC's ratings slump, along with The Cosby Show, 227, Night Court, Miami Vice, and L.A. Law.", "The Golden Girls American TV Sitcom about 4 older women sharing a Miami, Florida home ( Dorothy, Rose, Blanche and Sophia ) who are best of friends but bicker constantly and argue over anything from men to shopping and because of the close environment and very differnet backgrounds have widely differing views. The series won 11 Emmy awards and four Golden Globe Awards and . Series ran from 1985 - 1992.", "Has appeared in the pilot for the sitcom Empty Nest (1988), which was an episode of The Golden Girls (1985). The premise was changed in the final version of Empty Nest (1988), in which she did not appear.", "* Philippines: 50 Carats, O Di Ba? A Philippine version of The Golden Girls (spin-off) aired during the early 90's by IBC 13. Starred Nida Blanca, Charito Solis and Gloria Romero. ", "After appearing in the short-lived 1983 sitcom Amanda's (an adaptation of the British series Fawlty Towers), Arthur was cast in The Golden Girls in 1985, in which she played Dorothy Zbornak, a divorced substitute teacher living in a Miami house owned by Blanche Devereaux (Rue McClanahan). Her other roommates included widow Rose Nylund (Betty White) and Dorothy's Sicilian mother, Sophia Petrillo (Estelle Getty). Getty was actually a year younger than Arthur in real life, and was heavily made up to look significantly older. The series was a hit, and remained a top-ten ratings fixture for six of its seven seasons. Her performance led to several Emmy nominations over the course of the series and an Emmy win in 1988. Arthur decided to leave the show after seven years, and in 1992 the show was moved from NBC to CBS and retooled as The Golden Palace in which the other three actresses reprised their roles, with Cheech Marin as their new foil. Arthur made a guest appearance in a two-part episode, but the new series lasted only one season. ", "The show revolved around pediatrician Dr. Harry Weston (Richard Mulligan), whose life was turned upside down when his wife, Libby, died and two of his adult daughters moved back into the family home in Miami. Early episodes established that The Golden Girls were neighbors of the Westons (Bea Arthur, Rue McClanahan, and Betty White all guest-starred as their Golden Girls characters, and vice versa), while Estelle Getty eventually became a regular on the series. ", "After appearing in the short-lived 1983 sitcom Amanda's (an adaptation of the British series Fawlty Towers), Arthur was cast in the sitcom The Golden Girls in 1985, in which she played Dorothy Zbornak , a divorced substitute teacher living in a Miami house owned by Blanche Devereaux ( Rue McClanahan ). Her other roommates included widow Rose Nylund ( Betty White ) and Dorothy's Sicilian mother, Sophia Petrillo ( Estelle Getty ). Getty was actually a year younger than Arthur in real life, and was heavily made up to look significantly older. The series became a hit, and remained a top-ten ratings fixture for seven seasons. Her performance led to several Emmy nominations over the course of the series and an Emmy win in 1988. Arthur decided to leave the show after seven years, and in 1992 the show was moved from NBC to CBS and retooled as The Golden Palace in which the other three actresses reprised their roles. Arthur made a guest appearance in a two-part episode.", "The Golden Girls received critical acclaim throughout most of its run and won several awards, including the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series twice. It also won three Golden Globe Awards for Best Television Series – Musical or Comedy. Each of the four stars received an Emmy Award (from multiple nominations during the series' run), making it one of only three sitcoms in the award's history to achieve this. The series also ranked among the top ten highest-rated programs for six out of its seven seasons. In 2013, TV Guide ranked The Golden Girls No. 54 on its list of the 60 Best Series of All Time. In 2014, the Writers Guild of America placed the sitcom at No. 69 in their list of the \"101 Best Written TV Series of All Time\".", "Twin Peaks is an American Emmy Award-nominated, Peabody and Golden Globe-winning television serial drama created by David Lynch and Mark Frost, which first aired in the United States on April 8, 1990 and ended on June 10, 1991. The show is set in the fictional town of Twin Peaks in northeast Washington state; the primary filming took place in northwest Washington. The central plot line tells the story of FBI Special Agent Dale Cooper (played by Kyle MacLachlan) and his investigation of the murder of a popular local teenage schoolgirl and homecoming queen, Laura Palmer (played by Sheryl Lee), whose body was found on a riverbank, wrapped in plastic. Although the series was created by Lynch and Frost, the majority of episodes are credited to different writers and directors. The show was co-produced by Aaron Spelling's production company and ran for 30 episodes over two seasons.", "Charmed is an American television series created by Constance M. Burge and produced by Aaron Spelling and his production company Spelling Television, with Brad Kern serving as showrunner. The series was originally broadcast by The WB for eight seasons from October 7, 1998, until May 21, 2006. The series narrative follows a trio of sisters, known as The Charmed Ones, the most powerful good witches of all time, who use their combined \"Power of Three\" to protect innocent lives from evil beings such as demons and warlocks. Each sister possesses unique magical powers that grow and evolve, while they attempt to maintain normal lives in modern-day San Francisco. Keeping their supernatural identities separate and secret from their ordinary lives often becomes a challenge for them, with the exposure of magic having far-reaching consequences on their various relationships and resulting in a number of police and FBI investigations throughout the series. The series initially focuses on the three Halliwell sisters, Prue (Shannen Doherty), Piper (Holly Marie Combs) and Phoebe (Alyssa Milano). However, following Prue's death in the third season finale, their long-lost half sister Paige Matthews (Rose McGowan) assumes her place within the \"Power of Three\" from season four onwards.", "The cast members of the television series “Golden Girls” were clockwise from left, Bea Arthur, Rue McClanahan, Betty White and Estelle Getty.", "Joey is an American sitcom, a spin-off from Friends, which stars Matt LeBlanc reprising his role as Joey Tribbiani. It premiered on the NBC television network, on September 9, 2004, in the former time slot of its parent series, Thursday nights at 8:00 p.m. Midway through the second season, the show was placed on a hiatus by NBC but returned on March 7, 2006, in a new timeslot of Tuesdays at 8:30 p.m. One episode, \"Joey and the Snowball Fight\", was shown on a Tuesday at 8:30 p.m, but was pulled by NBC when it was overshadowed in ratings by American Idol. NBC canceled the series due to poor ratings in May 2006 and did not broadcast the remaining episodes.", "Three's a Crowd (also known as Three's Company, Too in the Three's Company syndication package) is an American sitcom produced as a spin-off and continuation of Three's Company. It is loosely based on the British TV series Robin's Nest, which was itself a spin-off of Man About the House, on which Three's Company was based. Three's a Crowd was broadcast on ABC from September 25, 1984 (only one week after the final new episode of Three's Company was broadcast) until April 9, 1985, with reruns airing until September 10, 1985.", "The Addams Family is an American television series based on the characters in Charles Addams' New Yorker cartoons. The 30-minute series was shot in black-and-white and aired for two seasons on ABC from September 18, 1964, to April 8, 1966, for a total of 64 episodes. It is often compared to its CBS rival, The Munsters, which ran for the same two seasons and achieved somewhat higher Nielsen ratings. The show is the first adaptation of the Addams family characters to feature The Addams Family Theme.", "Full House is an American sitcom television series, which originally ran in prime time from September 22, 1987 to May 23, 1995, on ABC. Set in San Francisco, the show chronicles widowed father Danny Tanner, who, after the death of his wife Pam, enlists his best friend Joey Gladstone and his brother-in-law Jesse Katsopolis to help raise his three daughters, D.J., Stephanie, and Michelle. The series originally ran for 8 seasons and 192 episodes.", "Brought back to television in The New '10s , the series uses the same premise as the original, with Annie Ilonzeh, Minka Kelly, and Rachael Taylor as the Angels, and Ramón Rodriguez as Bosley. With the passing of John Forsythe (Charlie), executive producer Leonard Goldberg is the only constant across all three iterations of the franchise. Where the original Angels were all frustrated policewomen, the new Angels are all convicts getting a second chance from Charlie. Drew Barrymore , one of the stars (and producers) of the movie versions, was one of the series executive producers (but didn't appear on screen).", "Once upon a time there was a very successful TV series about three female private detectives. They worked for a mysterious man called Charlie who was never seen, and who called them his \"Angels\". Almost 20 years after the last episode aired, the franchise was revived as a pair of theatrical films , set in the early 2000's , with a new set of Angels.", "Morning Trivia: This television series finale was broadcast on this date in 2004. It was watched by around 52.5 million American viewers, making it the fifth most watched series finale in television history. During its run, the series was nominated for 62 Primetime Emmy Awards, winning the Outstanding Comedy Series award in 2002 for its eighth season. The show ranked no. 21 on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time. What is the program?", "The first American TV crime show in which the central characters were female. In this detective duo, Cagney was the tough, attractive, hard-drinking single woman. Her partner, Lacey, had a loving hubby, Harvey (John Karlen), and two sons. Through the series, she had a baby girl and fought cancer. Chris struggled through a string of unsuccessful relationships, was promoted to sergeant and faced her alcoholism. Daly won four Emmy Awards for her work on the show and Gless won two. When the series was cancelled in the US, massive fan protests, spearheaded by the National Organisation of Women, forced its return. The partners were reunited for four telemovies in the '90s.", "Cory’s family included parents Alan (William Russ) and Amy (Betsy Randle), big brother Eric (Will Friedle) and little sister Morgan (Lily Nicksay, seasons 1-2; Lindsay Ridgeway, guest star, season 3; regular, seasons 4-7). Shawn Patrick Hunter (Rider Strong) who lived in a trailer park was Cory’s best friend and a frequent co-conspirator in his schemes. Another important character was Topanga Lawrence (Danielle Fishel), a free-thinking female classmate who would become a very big part of this boy's world.", "Drama that follows FBI Special Agent Don Eppes (Rob Morrow) and his mathematical genius brother, Charlie Eppes (David Krumholtz), who helps Don solve crimes for the FBI. Lasted 6 Seasons. Cancelled in May, 2010. Original Run: January 23, 2005 - March 12, 2010", "Description : The show is about a trio of babies who fight off evil monsters and aliens. Their names are Meg, Derrick and Buck and their care-giver's name is Nurse Lazlo. The show takes place in Your City, USA." ]

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[ "This quote is just one of 17 total Johnny Carson quotes in our collection. Johnny Carson is known for saying 'Married men live longer than single men. But married men are a lot more willing to die.' as well as some of the following quotes.", "Married men live longer than single men. But married men are a lot more willing to die. - Johnny Carson - BrainyQuote", "Married men live longer than single men. But married men are a lot more willing to die.", "\"A beautiful vacuum filled with wealthy monogamists, all powerful and members of the best families all drinking themselves to death.\" - Ernest Hemingway[/quote]", "MY OPPONENT:\"in just about everything else that has been studied, people who have always been single do better than people who were previously married (divorced or widowed). The results are are quite consistently in the opposite direction than Tennyson would have led us to believe\"", "One may live as a conqueror, a king, or a magistrate; but he must die as a man. �Daniel Webster, American statesman and orator, 1782-1852", "\"Most people willingly accept that they will die, yet they will kill each other to live a day longer.\"    ", "The happiness of a married man depends on the people he has not married. -Oscar Wilde", "I'm pretty sure that the intended idea was (as the person who posted before me pointed out), that he was despondent over what he thought was going to be a life and memory that would not be remembered after his death. In other words, his memory would be fast fading from people's minds. Obviously, he wasn't aware of the impact that he would make on an innumerable amount of later generations. The quote was taken from from the play [b]Philaster[/b] by Beaumont and Fletcher.", "\"Marriage, Sir, is much more necessary to a man than to a woman; for he is much less able to supply himself with domestick comforts.\"", "The soldiers he met later did not lighten the horror. One of them, Eric Dorman-Smith , entertained Hemingway with a line from Part Two of Shakespeare's Henry IV, Act III, Scene II : \"By my troth, I care not; a man can die but once; we owe God a death...and let it go which way it will, he that dies this year is quit for the next.\" [4] (Hemingway, for his part, would quote this line in \" The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber \", one of his famous short stories set in Africa.) To another soldier, Hemingway once said, \"You are troppo vecchio ( It. too old) for this war, pop.\" The 50-year old soldier replied, \"I can die as well as any man.\" [4]", "Despite the truth of actor Edmund Gwenn’s last words: “Dying is easy, comedy is hard” I would recommend to those that wish to make a long lasting deathbed comment, to go with funny rather than poetic. These seem to be remembered with more ease and there are a lot fewer quotes out there that deal with wisdom or peace of mind. However I cannot leave the subject without mentioning two such examples: Theodore Roosevelt: \"Put out the light.\" And René Descartes: “My soul, thou has long been held captive; the hour has now come for thee to quit thy prison, to leave the trammels of this body; suffer then, this separation with joy and courage.” A bit longwinded but nevertheless it surpasses by leaps and bound those of General John Sedgwick who died in battle during the US Civil War: \"They couldn't hit an elephant at this dist...\"", "The cause of this thing is evident; deaths among the male sex are more than deaths among females. These deaths happen, generally, in those years in which man, if he were alive, might have been the guardian of family. If, for a while, we think over the casualties that occur due to wars, drowning, falls, burials under debris, collisions, etc., we shall see that most of these accidents and casualties are met with by men. Woman is rarely seen amidst these happenings. It may be a struggle of mankind against mankind, or a contest against nature but it is mostly men who meet with the casualties. If we only take war into consideration, we will see that from the beginning of human history there has not been a single day without warfare at several places in the world — and when man has not been a victim of mortality. This one thing is sufficient for us to understand why the balance of men and women of marriageable years is disturbed.", "Some reformers may urge that in the ages distant future, patriotism, like the habit of monogamous marriage, will become a needless and obsolete virtue; but just at present the man who loves other countries as much as he does his own is quite as noxious a member of society as the man who loves other women as much as he loves his wife. Love of country is an elemental virtue, like love of home.\" --Theodore Roosevelt", "\"The person who has lived the most is not the one who has lived the longest, but the one with the richest experiences.\" (Jean-Jacques Rousseau)", "These words were said to the author’s wife, right before he was to take his life at the age of 61.", "The man who declares that survival at all costs is the end of existence is morally dead, because he�s prepared to sacrifice all others which give life it�s meaning. �Sidney Hook", "\"If you are a man, Winston, you are the last man. YOur kind is extinct; we are the inheritors. Do you understand that you are alone? You are outside history,you are non-existent. And do you consider yourself superior to us, with our lies and our cruelty?\" \"Yes, I consider myself superior\" I like this one. But i guess this doesn't qualify for a depressing quote... it was when the last man on earth was still alive", "By learning and obeying the laws of health and deducing rules for the prolongation of human life, we may ward off the fatal day for a little while, and possibly minimize the terrors which death has for every normal person. And this is a duty to the performance of which we all should devote our energies.  The average man owes it to his family, at least, to give it his support and counsel as long as he possibly can.  The fatalist, who says the hour of every man's death is predetermined is a lazy, shiftless weakling, who refuses to put forth the necessary effort for his own self-preservation, and when his family is needlessly robbed of the subsistence which it is his duty to provide, he has the audacity to shift the responsibility to the Almighty.  To neglect or wilfully disobey the rules of health is therefore nothing short of a crime, which no good man will commit.", "1887 Death of Henry Ward Beecher, 73, American clergyman and social reformer. His last words were: 'Going out into life\" that is dying.'", "\"The popular wisdom\", according to Zinn and Eitzen, sees the family structures of the past as superior to those today, and families as more stable and happier at a time when they did not have to contend with problems such as illegitimate children and divorce. They respond to this, saying, \"there is no golden age of the family gleaming at us in the far back historical past.\" \"Desertion by spouses, illegitimate children, and other conditions that are considered characteristics of modern times existed in the past as well.\" ", "\"We are all going, we are all going. God's will be done, not ours\" — President William McKinley . Dying from gangrene brought on by Leon Czolgosz's bullet, his wife Ida begged him to take her with him . McKinley said this in response, used the last of his strength to hug her, and died .", "Col. John 'Hannibal' Smith : [answers with his own Gandhi quote] \"It is better to be violent, if there is violence in our hearts, than to put on the cloak of nonviolence to cover impotence.\"", "Context: The social reformer and clergyman who championed women’s suffrage, abolition, and temperance died of a stroke on March 6, 1887. The night before drifting off into oblivion, he uttered these final words.", "Dr. Gregory House : Not like me. He would have known that - living in misery sucks marginally less than dying in it.", "Straw Nihilist : \"We all deserve to die! Even you, Mrs. Lovett, even I! Because the lives of the wicked shall be made brief! For the rest of us, death will be a relief! We all deserve to die!\"", "Contrary to the nature of so many of his novels, Wells not only had obvious socialist leanings (clearly he detested social inequity), but he was also a vocal utopian, believing that man could achieve a blissful existence on earth. However, the lot of man did not improve in his lifetime and more and more he wrote despairingly of the dangerous use of science in warfare. For instance, The Land Ironclads (1903) again saw Wells in prophetic mood, predicting the coming of tank warfare, and in 1908 he wrote of a catastrophic aerial war in The War In the Air. He lived to see both of the above predictions come tragically true, but perhaps his greatest and saddest speculation concerned the use of Atomic weapons. In The World Set Free, he wrote, \"Nothing could have been more obvious to the people of the early twentieth century than the rapidity with which war was becoming impossible. And as certainly they did not see it. They did not see it until the atomic bombs burst in their fumbling hands.\" Those lines were written in 1914, and Wells lived just long enough to see their use in Japan, passing away on August 13. 1946.", "attributed: \"I would rather live a short life of glory than a long one of obscurity”. or “It’s better to burn out than fade away”.", "“A man must live like a great brilliant flame and burn as brightly as he can. In the end he burns out. But this is far better than a mean little flame.”", "\"If a man has wealth, he has to make a choice, because there is the money heaping up. He can keep it together in a bunch, and then leave it for others to administer after he is dead. Or he can get it into action and have fun, while he is still alive. I prefer getting it into action and adapting it to human needs, and making the plan work.\"", "“Many things are changed by the knowledge you’re not going to die. There’s no need to procreate, therefore it takes away the sexual drives. Today we live in the age of analysis: we can give answers as to why people do things, whether it’s ambition or fighting for power or because they hated their father or their mother - their hangups become a kind of blueprint to their behavior. But if you take that away you get an entirely different concept of human beings.’", "“No man resolved to make the most of himself, can spare time for personal contention.  Still less can he afford to take all the consequences, including the vitiating of his temper, and the loss of self-control.  Yield larger things to which you can show no more than equal right; and yield lesser ones, though clearly your own.  Better to give your path to a dog, than be bitten by him in contesting the right.  Even killing the dog would not cure the bite.”" ]

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[ "Laverne & Shirley is an American sitcom that ran on ABC from January 27, 1976, to May 10, 1983. It starred Penny Marshall as Laverne DeFazio and Cindy Williams as Shirley Feeney, single roommates who work as bottlecappers in a fictitious Milwaukee brewery called Shotz Brewery.", "Laverne & Shirley is a sitcom that ran on ABC from 1976 to 1983 starring Penny Marshall as Laverne De Fazio and Cindy Williams as Shirley Feeney, roommates who worked in a fictitious Milwaukee brewery called \"Shotz Brewery\".", "For the first five seasons, from 1976 to 1980, the show was set in Milwaukee (executive producer Thomas L. Miller's home town), taking place from roughly 1958–59 through the early 1960s. Shotz Brewery bottle cappers and best friends, Laverne DeFazio and Shirley Feeney, live in a basement apartment, where they communicate with upstairs neighbors Lenny and Squiggy by screaming up the dumbwaiter shaft connecting their apartments. Also included in the show are Laverne's father, Frank DeFazio, proprietor of the Pizza Bowl, and Edna Babbish, the apartment building's landlady, who would later marry Frank. Shirley maintained an off-again on-again romance with dancer/singer/boxer Carmine Ragusa. During this period, characters from Happy Days and Laverne & Shirley would make occasional guest appearances on each other's shows. During the fifth season, the girls went into the Army, and they contended with a tough-as-nails drill sergeant named Alvinia T. Plout (Vicki Lawrence). ", "For seven years, Laverne De Fazio and Shirley Feeney \"did it their way\" on the hit TV sitcom, \"Laverne & Shirley.\"  From dating to working at Shotz Brewery together, the female odd couple with a knack for physical comedy took on 1950s Milwaukee and created some of the most memorable moments in TV history - with a little help from their neighbors, Lenny and Squiggy.", "This show, aired on ABC in January of 1976, was a comedy that showcased two single women from Milwaukee. Actress Penny Marshall played Laverne DeFazio and actress Cindy Williams starred as Shirley Feeney. (Laverne & Shirley, n.d.)  This spin-off comedy of Happy Days reveals that the two friends knew Fonzie (character on Happy Days). (Laverne & Shirley, n.d.) Laverne and Shirley worked in a Milwaukee brewery called Shotz Brewery. (Laverne & Shirley, n.d.)", "First came  Laverne and Shirley . Fonzie's friends Laverne De Fazio and Shirley Feeney first appeared in a 1975 Happy Days episode. In 1976 they were given their own show.", "Photo: Cindy Williams and Penny Marshall as Shirley Feeney and Laverne DeFazio from \"Laverne & Shirley.\"", "Now: Most folks will recognize Williams from ‘Laverne & Shirley,’ the smash television comedy where she played Shirley Feeney from 1976 to 1982. She’s worked as an actress on stage and screen since then, and also made a ton of money producing both of the ‘Father of the Bride’ films in the ’90s.", "Twice on Laverne & Shirley, Shirley Feeny was embarrassed to reveal that her middle name was Willamina.", "Klinger's first wife was Laverne Esposito from the Hungarian side of Toledo - He never sees Laverne while they are married since they marry over the radio (Henry wouldn't grant him leave because of his continual efforts to get out of his military service) - 3.6 \"Springtime\" - She asks him for a divorce - 6.20 \"Mail Call Three\" - Later, she moves on with his best friend - 9.7 \"Your Retention Please\"", "Laverne and Shirley are lower-society girls who share an apartment and work together at the Shotz Brewery as bottlecappers. Laverne and Shirley are very different people. Laverne is feisty, quick-tempered, and man-hungry while Shirley is more naive and trusting and quite inexperienced when it comes to romance.", "Edna Babish DeFazio (Betty Garrett) is the five-time-divorced landlady who eventually marries Laverne's father. Edna also occasionally sings and dances in the local brewery talent shows. When the series was extended beyond the intended final season, actress Betty Garrett committed to another project and was written out as having left Frank. ", "Laverne & Shirley was set in the working environment. (Marcus, n.d.) The two single women, worked hard in the city to make a living for themselves. Although this show was based in the fifties, it showcases the idea of feminism. (Marcus, n.d.) The show may not have been set in the 70s, but it aired throughout the 70s. During this time, feminism was popular and the movement towards power for women continued. “Laverne and Shirley’s toughness and willingness to flout social convention could be viewed as either working class, feminism of 1970s icons Mary Tyler Moore and Barbara Walters thus could be enjoyed form a multiplicity of viewing positions.” (Marcus, n.d.) This show allowed women to see the power of womanhood.", "Laverne was the tougher one with a grim (for a sitcom) outlook on life and Shirley was the bright-eyed optimist who could always put a positive twist on any trouble the two of them got into.", "\"Laverne & Shirley\" was so successful, becoming the most-watched show in America in its second season, that many forget it all began as a spin-off of the hit show, \"Happy Days.\" Laverne and Shirley, two 20-somethings, were brought on as a double date for Ritchie and Fonzie.", "* Michael McKean and David L. Lander, of Laverne & Shirley, portrayed their \"Lenny\" and \"Squiggy\" characters in the season-six episode \"Fonzie's Funeral\" (Part 2)", "* Shirley MacLaine .... Louisa \"Ouiser\" Boudreaux - A grouchy but funny and good hearted woman who owns a dog named Rhett and is best friends with Clairee Belcher. She has a strong dislike for movies, plays, and books. She has been married twice to two worthless men and had three ungrateful children. When her former lover Owen Jenkins enters in her life she at first refuses to have a relationship with him but in the end enters a relationship with him by accompaing him to an Easter Get Together at the end.", "Lander and McKean first created the characters in the late 1960s, performing them with their comedy group, The Credibility Gap. The two were hired as writers for \"Laverne & Shirley\" until Penny Marshall suggested they perform their act for her brother, one of the show's executive producers, at a party.", "However, later episodes and spin-offs also firmly state her maiden name was indeed \"Slaghoople,\" based upon the name of Wilma's mother in the original series, Pearl Slaghoople . Flintstones' writer Earl Kress explained the discrepancy as such: \"[I]t's just as simple as [Hanna-Barbera] not caring about the continuity.\" Maybe Mr. Slaghoople was Pearl's second husband and he adopted Wilma when they married. In The Flintstones movie, when Wilma is leaving Fred to live with her Mother, Fred shouts \"Come back here, Wilma Slaghoople\". (\"Sufflehooper\" was also used at least once.)", "Their voices combined with perfect synergy. As Patty remarked in 1971: \"There were just three girls in the family. LaVerne had a very low voice. Maxene's was kind of high, and I was between. It was like God had given us voices to fit our parts.\"", "** LaVerne Andrews, 55, American singer and actress (Andrews Sisters), Road to Rio, Follow the Boys", "actress: All in the Family, LaVerne & Shirley, My Sister Eileen, On the Town, Take Me Out to the Ball Game", "Many of the characters' names were after Lucille Ball's family members or close friends; for example, Marion Strong was one of her best friends and roommate for a time in New York, and also set Lucy and Desi up on their first date. Lillian Appleby was a teacher of Lucy's when she was in an amateur production on the stage. Pauline Lopus was a childhood friend, Fred was also her brother and grandfather's name. Lucy and Desi had a business manager by the name of Mr. Andrew Hickox, and in the first episode of season 4, called the \"The Business Manager\" Lucy and Ricky hire a man named Mr. Hickox.", "Elverna is Granny's longtime rival back in the Hills, a gossip second to none. She makes a brief appearance in a 1963 episode when the Clampetts go back to the Hills to fetch Pearl to California but is not seen again until 1969 when the Clampetts return to their native land for an extended visit. However, both Granny and Jed referred to the character in several episodes throughout the series' run. Elverna (played by Elvia Allman ) and Granny rekindle their feud in a match to see who will be first wed, Elverna's daughter or Elly May. For reasons not really explained, Elverna also moves into the Clampett Beverly Hills mansion during the same period that Shorty does; both of them, however, are gone from the estate for the final 1970–71 season, presumably having returned home. Elverna Bradshaw appears in 13 episodes, 1963–1970.", "Verdie Grant (Lynn Hamilton) is a middle-aged African-American widow, with two adult sons and three daughters, the youngest of whom, Claire, is graduating from college in Richmond. She has been illiterate most of her life, a fact which her fierce pride and mistrust based on bad experience with a white-dominated society has caused her to hide. But she decides to ask John-Boy to secretly teach her to read and write. After resolution of a misunderstanding caused by Elizabeth unknowingly revealing her secret to Miss Hunter, she completes her lessons and becomes a close friend of the Waltons, appearing in a total of 17 episodes. During later seasons, she marries Harley Foster (Hal Williams), an itinerant laborer (who it is later revealed was on the run trying to avoid conviction for a murder which he had not committed) and becomes stepmother to Harley's young son.", "* Betty Garrett and Vincent Gardenia as the liberal and Roman Catholic next-door neighbors Irene and Frank Lorenzo. Both first appeared as a married couple as Irene was trying to use the Bunker's phone. However, during an argument earlier in the episode, Archie and Mike had broken the phone wire. Irene being a 'handyman' of sorts with her own tools, which she carried in her purse, fixed it. Irene fixed many things at the Bunker house during her time on the show. She also had a sister who was a nun and appeared in one episode. It is revealed in the episode Edith's Christmas Story that Irene has had a mastectomy. Archie got her a job as a forklift operator at the plant where Archie worked. Irene was a strongwilled woman of Irish heritage, and Frank was a jovial Italian househusband who loved cooking and singing. He also was a salesman, but it never was said what he sold. Gardenia, who also appeared as Jim Bowman in Episode 8 of Season 1 (as the man who sold his house to the Jeffersons) and as Curtis Rempley in Episode 7 of Season 3 (as a swinger opposite Rue McClanahan), became a semi-regular along with Garrett in 1973. Gardenia only stayed for one season as Frank Lorenzo, but Garrett remained until her character was phased out in late 1975.", "Jacqueline Ingrid Bouvier (née Gurney), voiced by Julie Kavner, is the mother of Marge, Patty and Selma and the widow of Clancy Bouvier. She was first referenced in a flashback in the episode, \"Moaning Lisa\" and made her first appearance in the episode \"Bart vs. Thanksgiving\". She had a sister named Gladys, who is now deceased. Like all Bouvier women, she is voiced by Julie Kavner, and has large, unique hair, resembling Marge's, only a light gray color due to her old age. In her younger days she smoked heavily but now has quit, although she still speaks more raspily than Patty and Selma. Mr. Burns and Abe Simpson once battled for her affections; she became engaged to Burns, but eventually decided not to marry either man. Although it seems that she disapproves of Marge's marriage to Homer, stating that he is never to address her as \"Mom\", she has shown that she does tolerate Homer a lot more than her elder daughters, evident in \"Moe Letter Blues\" when she explained to Homer that Patty and Selma were really at fault for ruining her birthday party and not him. Her name is identical to Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis's maiden name, a reference made to Marge when Lisa wanted to follow the maiden name after uncovering Homer's betting scandal on \"Homer and Lisa Exchange Cross Words\".", "Jacqueline Ingrid Bouvier (née Gurney), voiced by Julie Kavner, is the mother of Marge, Patty and Selma and the widow of Clancy Bouvier. She was first referenced in a flashback in the episode, \"Moaning Lisa\" and made her first appearance in the episode \"Bart vs. Thanksgiving\". She had a sister named Gladys, who is now deceased. Like all Bouvier women, she is voiced by Julie Kavner, and has large, unique hair, resembling Marge's, only a light gray color due to her old age. In her younger days she smoked heavily but now has quit, although she still speaks more raspily than Patty and Selma. Mr. Burns and Abe Simpson once battled for her affections; she became engaged to Burns, but eventually decided not to marry either man. Although it seems that she disapproves of Marge's marriage to Homer, stating that he is never to address her as \"Mom\", she has shown that she does tolerate Homer a lot more than her elder daughters, evident in \"Moe Letter Blues\" when she explained to Homer that Patty and Selma were really at fault for ruining her birthday party and not him. Her name is identical to Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis' maiden name, a reference made to Marge when Lisa wanted to follow the maiden name after uncovering Homer's betting scandal on \"Homer and Lisa Exchange Cross Words\".", "Marie recorded a number of successful duets with Donny and continued to sing country music; she had several top-40 country hits in the mid 1980s, the biggest of which was \"Meet Me in Montana\" with Dan Seals (country #1). She starred in the Broadway musicals The King and I (as Anna) and The Sound of Music (as Maria) in the mid-1990s. She returned to television first in the short-lived 1995 ABC sitcom Maybe This Time and then with Donny in 1998 to co-host Donny & Marie, a talk/entertainment show that lasted two seasons. She also sells a line of high-end dolls. She is the mother of 8 children, 5 of whom were adopted.", "The first American America's Sweetheart starred in motion picture roles from a very early age. Unlike Mary, Shirley acted in movies with sound, illustrating the truth that \"children are noisy brats, get over it.\" Her movies included Stand Up and Jeer! , Heart Transplant , and That Reagan Girl (starring with Ronald Reagan ). In the 1960's, Temple ran for congress as a Republican supporting the Vietnam War, which earned her the new title \"America's Redneck.\" Her ability to tap-dance to various politicians' tunes, to sing the song of whomever was in power, to act out whatever scenario was required, led to political appointments as ambassador to Ghana and Czechoslovakia. Shirley plans to reclaim her sweetheart title in a 2012 film comeback for her 84th birthday, declaring \"if Betty White can still be America's Sweetheart, so can I!\"", "Who was the first character on a hit American sitcom to get married and become a mother during the show's run, AND keep her job?", "An episode of The John Larroquette Show had Betty White, Rue McClanahan, and Estelle Getty appearing as themselves, with White collaborating with Larroquette's character to write The Golden Girls: The Musical . The episode is a Whole Plot Reference to Sunset Boulevard ." ]

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[ "Evening Shade is an American television sitcom that aired on CBS from September 21, 1990 to May 23, 1994. The series stars Burt Reynolds as Wood Newton, an ex-professional football player for the Pittsburgh Steelers, who returns to rural Evening Shade, Arkansas, to coach a high school football team with a long losing streak. Reynolds personally requested to use the Steelers as his character's former team, because he is a fan. ", "This gentle rural sitcom, Evening Shade, starred Burt Reynolds as Wood Newton, an ex-pro football star who returned to his Arkansas home town of Evening Shade to coach the high school football team (the Mules), which had not won a game for two years. His wife Ava was elected the town's prosecuting attorney while pregnant with the couple's fourth child. Although their eldest son Taylor was the team quarterback, he inherited little of his father's sporting prowess. Assisting Wood is Herman Stiles, a fragile mathematics teacher uncommonly unsuited to the task of football coaching. Other regulars included cantankerous Dr Elldridge and Ava's father Evan, who disapproves of Wood's laid-back lifestyle and who has never forgiven him for stealing his daughter away at such a young age. (Ava was 18 when she got hitched to the 30-year-old Wood.) The series was narrated by Ossie Davis as Ponder Blue, the laconic and philosophical proprietor of Ponder Blue's Barbecue Villa, around which much of the action takes place. Evening Shade was marked by its sharp writing and measured, almost leisurely pacing, a style dictated by Reynolds with his deliberately understated performance as Newton (he also produced, wrote and directed episodes). (Adapted from BBC description)moreless", "Still working on TV, Reynolds gained critical acclaim and wide recognition with the starring role of Wood Newton in the 1990 sitcom Evening Shade. Produced by Burt Reynolds Productions in combination with CBS and Mozark Productions, the series became a hit all over America. As for Reynolds, his career rebounded and Reynolds received a Golden Globe for Best Actor, an Emmy for Outstanding Lead Actor and a People�s Choice for Favorite Male Performer in a New TV Series.", "Evening Shade is the sort of town where everyone knows everyone else's business. Marilu Henner plays Wood Newton's wife Ava. They have three children and live with her newspaper editor father, played by Hal Holbrook. Elizabeth Ashley is an eccentric aunt — everyone in the show is a little odd -veteran actor Ossie Davis runs the local cafe and Oscar nominee and Reynolds' friend Charles Durning is the town's redneck doctor. The acting ensemble is first class, award-winning and high-powered, and the scripts have a sassy sense of humour. The series has brought Burt Reynolds back to Hollywood.", "\"Harlan & Merleen\" an unsold hour long pilot for an \"Evening Shade\" spin-off aired as a 2 part special on 7/13 and 7/20/93. It starred Charles Durning and Ann Wedgeworth in their \"Evening Shade\" roles and was written by 'James Hampton' and 'Burt Reynolds' [who also directed]. See more »", "Dillon is a man who prefers the use of logic over the use of the gun but the nature of the people passing through Dodge doesn't always leave him that choice. Aided by various assistants and deputies over the years (played by Dennis Weaver, Burt Reynolds, and Ken Curtis), he does his best to keep the lawless element out of his town and his territory. Matt often solves his crimes through keen observation and deduction, an innovative approach for the times.", "1936 – Burt Reynolds, American actor.  Some of his memorable roles include Lewis Medlock in Deliverance, Paul Crewe in The Longest Yard, Bo ‘Bandit’ Darville in Smokey and the Bandit, J.J. McClure in The Cannonball Run and Jack Horner in Boogie Nights.", "Reynolds is comfortable in the role, as he is in Evening Shade, which starts to be screened in Britain on Channel 4 in February with a one-hour introductory show. It will win many fans. \"A lot of people wanted me to play a guy who was a single father who's still chasing the girls. I wanted to play a man with a family because that's the kind of way I am now. I understand why people are totally crazy over a", "Reynolds was put back in the spotlight when he costarred with Mark Wahlberg and Julianne Moore in director Paul Thomas Anderson�s acclaimed Boogie Nights (1997). Delivering an outstanding, modest comic performance as porn entrepreneur Jack Horner, Reynolds won film critics� hearts, as well as countless awards, including a Golden Globe, a Golden Satellite, a Dallas-Forth Worth Film Critics Association, a Los Angeles Film Critics Association, a Chicago Film Critics Association, an Online Film Critics Society, a New York Film Critics Circle and a National Society of Film Critics for Best Supporting Actor. His brilliant acting also earned Oscar, Screen Actors Guild and BAFTA nominations. Additionally, the role won Reynolds a ShoWest for Supporting Actor of the Year.", "TELEVISION : The Dawning of 'Evening Shade' : How the producing team of Harry and Linda Thomason lured Burt Reynolds and other movie heavyweights to a sitcom - Page 2 - latimes", "Achieved his share of fame through his breakthrough performance in the movie âDeliveranceâ, Burt Reynolds is an American actor, director and a voice artist.", "Burt Reynolds was neighbours of him, and a life-long devoted fan. In an interview for the TC Palm in 2010, Reynolds said how much he admired Stewart and that he was always gracious and kind towards him and others. \"So modest, so wonderful\", Reynolds said. \"He was more than an actor. He was every man you wish you could be\", Reynolds said.", "About ten minutes into The Shootist, Doctor Hostetler (James Stewart) tells aging Western gunfighter John Bernard Books (John Wayne), \"You have a cancer.\" Knowing that his death will be painful and lingering, Books is determined to be shot in the line of \"duty.\" In his remaining two months, Books settles scores with old enemies, including gambler Pulford (Hugh O'Brian) and Marshall Thibido (Harry Morgan) and reaches out to new friends, including a feisty widow (Lauren Bacall) and her hero-worshipping son (Ron Howard). Throughout the film, Books' imminent demise is compared with the decline of the West, as represented by the automobiles and streetcars that have begun to blight the main street of Books' hometown.", "Born on February 11, 1936, in Waycross, Georgia, Burton Leon Reynolds Jr., who would later be famous as Burt Reynolds, was raised in Florida. His father, Burton Leon Reynolds Sr., was a former police chief of Riviera Beach, Florida, and is a half-Cherokee Indian, and her mother, Fern Reynolds, is of Anglo-Saxon heritage.", "Directed by Oscar Micheaux. Cast: Clarence Brooks, Dorothy Van Engle, Laura Bowman, Andrew Bishop, Alec Lovejoy, Bee Freeman. A young woman is murdered at the National Chemical Labs and the nightwatchman is arrested. Then the scene shifts back three years to a man who fell in love with a woman but was unable to express his true feelings. Now he is a lawyer and the woman he loved is the sister of the nightwatchman who is on trial for murder. Together, they find the real murderer and fall in love again. 95 min. 999:2462", "Aside Glance : Burt Reynolds does this when confronted by Funn, Bell, and Eggs in the old Totem Pole Trench guise.", "Whenever asked whether he received any residuals from telecasts of the 1939 classic, Bolger would reply: \"No, just immortality. I'll settle for that.\" He was good friends with actress Margaret Hamilton, who played the Wicked Witch of the West, until her death, and gave a eulogy at her memorial service in 1985. Judy Garland often referred to Bolger as \"My Scarecrow\". Upon the death of Haley in 1979, Bolger said, \"It's going to be very lonely on that Yellow Brick Road now.\" ", "The True Story of Jesse James - Nicholas Ray (Robert Wagner, Jeffrey Hunter, Hope Lange, Agnes Moorehead, Alan Hale Jr, John Carradine)", "Decision at Sundown - Budd Boetticher (Randolph Scott, John Carroll, Karen Steele, Valerie French, John Archer, Andrew Duggan, John Litel, Noah Berry Jr)", "' \\n Debbie Reynolds is best known as the song-and-dance whiz who dazzled us in âSinginâ on the Rain,â âThe Tender Trapâ and âThe Unsinkable Molly Brown.â The woman never stopped working. New generations were introduced to her through âWill &amp; Grace,â âHalloweentown,â âBehind the Candelabraâ and a wealth of other roles. \\n Reynolds, who died Wednesday at age 84, was also a gossip fixture thanks to her friendship with the high priestess of the tabloids, Elizabeth Taylor. The actresses beca...", "The lanky Mr. Weaver became famous for his limping deputy with a drawl, the buddy of Marshal Matt Dillon, a portrayal for which he won an Emmy in 1959. But he starred in nine television series. From 1955 to 1964, he was on \"Gunsmoke,\" the longest-running prime-time drama series on television. He also starred in \"Gentle Ben,\" from 1967 to 1969, playing Tom Wedloe, an Everglades ranger who adopts a black bear as a pet.", "Iconic film-actor Burt Lancaster, one of the best American actors of all time, died at the age of 80 from a heart attack. He had appeared in every conceivable genre, including adventure films, swashbucklers, comedies, and serious dramas. His sole Best Actor Academy Award Oscar was for Elmer Gantry (1960) , although he was also nominated for From Here to Eternity (1953) , Birdman of Alcatraz (1962), and Atlantic City (1981). As an independent film producer, he was responsible for films such as Best Picture-winning Marty (1955) and Sweet Smell of Success (1957) . His screen debut was in the film noir classic The Killers (1946) .", "Character as Himself : In the episode \"Pappy\", James Garner plays Bret and Bart's father, while Jack Kelly plays Uncle Bently Maverick. Pappy is listed as \"Himself\", while Uncle Bently is listed as \"?\".", "Richard Boone stars as the black clad good guy Paladin, a modern day detective working in the old west. In this 60s television western he lived in San Francisco and his services did not come cheap. His standard fee was $1000. He was a West Point graduate and could recite Shakespeare as well as use his colt single action revolver. If you remember he had a calling card he handed out during each episode.", "In THE NIGHT OF THE HUNTER, Mitchum plays \"‘Preacher’ Harry Powell\" a charismatic pretender who seduces and murders in order to get at a fortune stashed by a convict named Harper. He wins the heart of Harper’s widow, \"Willa\" (Shelley Winters) and then eyes her children \"John\" (Billy Chapin) and \"Pearl\" (Sally Jane Bruce) for what they know about the loot. Mitchum plays Powell like a volcano, a man who allows those around him to believe that his brutality is a form of religious ecstasy. If they take him at his word, they will surely die. Powell’s romanticism is a blasphemous one, overloaded with eros and starved of love. In films as diverse as HEAVEN KNOWS; MR. ALLISON; WHERE DANGER LIVES; and THE LUSTY MEN; Mitchum played characters in the grip of romance. Possessed by the spirit of romanticism in NIGHT OF THE HUNTER, he plays on that familiarity, and twists it inside out to portray a man whose whole existence has become nothing more than an expression of his own id. Only a performer who has come to understand the joy of selfless surrender to love so completely as Mitchum could play a character so utterly immersed in his own desires.", "In 1970, Weaver landed the title role of the NBC series McCloud, for which he received two Emmy Award nominations. In 1974, he was nominated for Best Lead Actor in a Limited Series (McCloud) and in 1975, for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited Series. The show, about a modern western lawman who ends up in New York City, was loosely based on the Clint Eastwood film Coogan's Bluff. His frequent use of the affirming Southernism, \"There you go,\" became a catchphrase for the show. During the series, in 1971, Weaver also appeared in Duel, a television movie directed by Steven Spielberg. Spielberg selected Weaver based on the intensity of his earlier performance in Touch of Evil. ", "The Evening Star is a 1996 sequel to Academy Award for Best Picture-winning Terms of Endearment, starring Shirley MacLaine, who reprises the role of Aurora Greenway she won an Oscar for playing in the original film. The script is by Larry McMurtry, based on his novel, and Robert Harling, who also served as director.", "In 1977, Reynolds starred in the movie âSmokey and the Banditâ, along with Jerry Reed, Sally Field and Jackie Gleason. In the same year he turned down an offer to act in âStar Warsâ.", "James Arness with the cast of \"Gunsmoke\" including Milbourn Stone, Amanda Blake, Ken Curtis, Dennis Weaver and Glenn Strange. \"Gunsmoke\" was more then a show - it was a family", "Lampshaded in one of the movies by Zapp Brannigan \"And for once, spare me your exasperated sigh!\"", "*The Midnight Man, directed by and starring Burt Lancaster, with Susan Clark, Cameron Mitchell, Ed Lauter", "On this day in 1981, the actor William Holden, who starred in such movies as Sunset Boulevard, Stalag 17 and Network, dies at the age of 63 in his Santa Monica, California home. The Academy Award-winning actor reportedly died after falling and hitting his head; his body was found several days later." ]

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[ "Chicken Soup is an American sitcom that aired on ABC, starring Jackie Mason and Lynn Redgrave.", "ABC abruptly canceled ''Chicken Soup'' yesterday, the highest rated new program of the television season. The series, starring Jackie Mason, had its final telecast last night.", "''Chicken Soup'' has been consistently losing about a third of the viewers tuned to ''Roseanne.'' Its ratings have also dropped sharply from early in the season. In its opening episode on Sept. 12, the series was the second most popular show of the week, with a 21.8 rating and 34 share. (A rating point represents 921,000 homes; the share is the percentage of viewers watching a given program.) ''Coach,'' which stars Craig T. Nelson, also lost viewers during the summer when it was broadcast after ''Roseanne,'' but the drop in audience was less severe.", "Whoopi Goldberg, original name Caryn Elaine Johnson (born November 13, 1955, New York , New York, U.S.), American comedian, actress, and producer known for her work in theatre , film , television , and recordings. An accomplished performer with a wide repertoire , her work ranged from dramatic leading roles to controversial comedic performances.", "Julia Scarlett Elizabeth Louis-Dreyfus (; born January 13, 1961) is an American actress, comedian, and producer. She is known for her work in television comedy, including Saturday Night Live (1982–85), Seinfeld (1989–98), The New Adventures of Old Christine (2006–10), and Veep (2012–present).", "On September 10, 2006, Comedy Central's Legends: Rodney Dangerfield commemorated his life and legacy. Featured comedians included Adam Sandler, Chris Rock, Jay Leno, Ray Romano, Roseanne Barr, Jerry Seinfeld, Bob Saget, Jerry Stiller, Kevin Kline and Jeff Foxworthy. ", "Edward Regan \"Eddie\" Murphy (born April 3, 1961) is an American comedian, an actor, a writer, a singer, and a producer. ", "Lisa Valerie Kudrow (; born July 30, 1963) is an American actress, comedian, writer and producer. She gained worldwide recognition for her ten-season run as Phoebe Buffay on the television sitcom Friends, for which she received many accolades, including an Emmy Award and two Screen Actors Guild Awards.", "George Denis Patrick Carlin (May 12, 1937 – June 22, 2008) was an American stand-up comedian, actor, social critic and author. Carlin was noted for his black comedy and his thoughts on politics, the English language, psychology, religion, and various taboo subjects. Carlin and his \"Seven dirty words\" comedy routine were central to the 1978 U.S. Supreme Court case F.C.C. v. Pacifica Foundation, in which a 5–4 decision affirmed the government's power to regulate indecent material on the public airwaves.", "William James \"Bill\" Murray (born September 21, 1950) is an American actor, comedian, and writer. He first gained exposure on Saturday Night Live, a role which earned him his first Emmy Award and later went on to star in comedy films, including Meatballs (1979), Caddyshack (1980), Stripes (1981), Tootsie (1982), Ghostbusters (1984), Scrooged (1988), Ghostbusters II (1989), What About Bob? (1991), and Groundhog Day (1993). He also co-directed Quick Change (1990). ", "Seth Benjamin Green (born February 8, 1974) is an American actor, comedian, producer, writer, and director. Green is the creator and executive producer and most-frequent voice on Adult Swim's Robot Chicken, where he is also a writer and director. He directed many of the Robot Chicken specials including Robot Chicken: Star Wars and DC Comics Special. His feature films include Airborne, The Italian Job, Party Monster, Can't Hardly Wait, Without a Paddle and the Austin Powers series. Green is also known for his role as Chris Griffin on Fox's Family Guy and previously as Daniel \"Oz\" Osbourne in Buffy the Vampire Slayer, and Greg the Bunny. He voices Lieutenant Gibbs in Titan Maximum and Jeff \"Joker\" Moreau in the Mass Effect video game series. Green has appeared in movies such as Rat Race, America's Sweethearts, Old Dogs, as a child in Woody Allen's Radio Days, and in the horror films Idle Hands and Stephen King's It.", "Robin McLaurin Williams (July 21, 1951 – August 11, 2014) was an American actor and comedian. Starting as a stand-up comedian in San Francisco and Los Angeles in the mid-1970s, he is credited with leading San Francisco's comedy renaissance. After rising to fame as Mork in the sitcom Mork & Mindy (1978–82), he went on to establish a career in both stand-up comedy and feature film acting. He was known for his improvisational skills.", "Deal Extension Includes McHale Continuing as Host Of Emmy-Nominated Series and Network Retaining First Look Agreement With Comedian's Free Period Productions Company Los Angeles, CA - October 30, 2014 - E! Entertainment announced today that \"The Soup\" host Joel McHale will continue to keep fans laughing over the best moments in pop culture with an extended agree...", "comedian, actor: Roseanne, Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman, Take This Job and Shove It, Portrait of a White Marriage, The History of White People in America", "In a 1992 piece on the eating habits of Bill Clinton, the New York Times  wrote that the president-elect was engaged in a “battle of the bulge” largely resulting from a love of fast food and visits to his hometown “fat factories.” In this classic “SNL” sketch, Phil Hartman’s Clinton explains foreign policy through mouthfuls of other people’s McDonald’s. (At one point, Hartman has so much food in his mouth he nearly breaks into a fit of laughter.) Chris Rock, a cast member for three seasons, appears briefly at the start of the sketch.", "After a long battle with cancer, the comedian passed away at the age of 57. The actor appeared in various films, including Fast Times at Ridgemont High, Nothing But Trouble, and Punchline. But he’s perhaps best known for his guest starring roles on multiple TV shows, such as Fresh Prince of Bel Air, Curb Your Enthusiasm, Friends, ER, and Seinfeld. His last television role was the part of an acting coach in an episode of the first season of The Comedians starring Billy Crystal and Josh Gad.", "Lee Gordon McKillop (born 4 August 1968), known as Lee Mack, is an English stand-up comedian and actor best known for writing the sitcom Not Going Out and starring in it as the main character, also called Lee. Since 2007, Lee has been a team captain on the BBC One comedy panel show Would I Lie to You?. He is also the host of the Sky1 panel show Duck Quacks Don't Echo.", "Sketches include \"\"David Spade In Therapy,\"\" \"\"The Mercury Mistress\"\", \"\"Accruing Equity and Making Hot Sweet Love\"\", \"\"Monica Lewinsky's Interview Auditions,\"\" \"\"The Sergeant,\"\" \"\"Mango,\"\" \"\"Happy Birthday Grandma,\"\" \"\"Felicity,\"\" \"\"Talk Radio with Dr. Laura Schlesinger,\"\" and \"\"Bachelor Party Rules\"\". Eagle Eye Cherry performs: \"\"Save Tonight\"\"", "* Creeley's Soup – a sketch in which Gilda Radner, playing a child eating her soup, is annoyed by the announcer, who tells her that he will give her various things in exchange for her soup. She says \"no\" until she finally becomes frustrated and tells him, \"No! Leave me alone! I'm eating!\" The announcer then proceeds to tell her to take the little pieces of corn and shove them up into her nose. She asks why, and the reply is, \"Because the Soup Man says so\". She complies. After pouring the bowl of soup all over her nose (because according to the announcer \"there's nothing better for a stuffy nose than nice hot soup\"), the slogan for \"Creeley's Soup\" appears on the screen as the announcer intones: \"Creeley's Soup – The Child Handler\". ", "Live From New York, It's...Laraine Newman, Garrett Morris, Bill Murray, Mary Kay Place, Dan Aykroyd, Gilda Radner, John Belushi, & Jane Curtin Sketches include--\"Peppiest Show Ever\", \"Hey, You!\", \"More Insects To Worry About\", \"Total Womanhood\", \"Married In A Minute!\", \"Bad Musical\", \"Hanukkah Explanation\".", "comedian, actor: Saturday Night Live, A League of Their Own, City Slickers: The Legend of Curly�s Gold", "writer, comedian, actor: Saturday Night Live, Just Shoot Me, Police Academy 4: Citizens on Patrol, Coneheads, A Very Brady Sequel, 8 Heads in a Duffel Bag, The Rugrats Movie, Lost & Found", "After working with Chicago's Second City improvisation group, actor Dan Castellaneta landed a gig on \"The Tracey Ullman Show\" in the 1980s. The writers for the show decided to feature a cartoon segment about a dysfunctional family, and asked Castellaneta to provide the voice for the dad, Homer Simpson. The segments were a hit and eventually turned into a nightly animated show. Castellaneta originally modeled Homer's vocals after \"Odd Couple\" star Walter Matthau, but was unable sustain the impression for long amounts of time.", "Emmy Award-winning comedienne, actress: Saturday Night Live [1977-78]; Haunted Honeymoon [w/husband Gene Wilder]; died May 20, 1989", "He was known for his impersonations of celebrities like Jimmy Carter, Vincent Price, Richard Nixon, Rod Serling, Tom Snyder, Julia Child, and others. He was also known for his recurring roles, such as Beldar, father of the Coneheads family; with Steve Martin, Yortuk Festrunk, one of the \"Two Wild and Crazy Guys\" Czech brothers; sleazy late-night cable TV host E. Buzz Miller and his cousin, corrupt maker of children's toys and costumes Irwin Mainway (who extolled the virtues and defended the safety of the \"Bag-o-Glass\" toy, perhaps the retail leader of the \"Bag-o\" series of toys); Fred Garvin – male prostitute; and high-bred but low-brow critic Leonard Pinth-Garnell. He also co-hosted the Weekend Update segment for one season with Jane Curtin, coining the famous catchphrase \"Jane, you ignorant slut\" during point-counterpoint segments.", "Visibly occurred when Chris Farley appeared in a 21st season Spade In America segment as Newt Gingrich. He quickly drops character, stumbles over reading his line then dives into doing Matt Foley shtick before David Spade flat-out asks if he's having trouble reading the cue cards. They then admit Farley is really just there to promote Black Sheep .", "Comedian and actor. Known for his appearance on 'Opportunity Knocks' and in the film 'Funny Bones'.", "Highlights from the former cast member's seven-season run on SNL. Sketches include \"\"Brian Fellow's Safari Planet\"\" (twice), \"\"Woodrow meets Britney Spears\"\" and \"\"The View.\"\"", "  Saturday Night Live (TV Series) (performer - 4 episodes, 1981 - 2014) (writer - 3 episodes, 1986 - 2014)", "Norm on Cheers. Norm sometime says about life, \"It's a dog-eat-dog world, and I'm wearing milkbone underwear!\"", "  Saturday Night Live (TV Series) (performer - 4 episodes, 1977 - 1999) (writer - 1 episode, 2013)", " 2005 Saturday Night Live in the '80s: Lost & Found (TV Special documentary) (performer: \"The Last Worthless Evening\") / (writer: \"The Last Worthless Evening\")" ]

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[ "Debbie Reynolds portrayed Debbie Thompson, a housewife married to Jim, a successful sportswriter for the Los Angeles Sun. Jim was portrayed by actor Don Chastain, his boss by longtime television actor Tom Bosley. Reynolds' attempts to amuse herself were regarded as being reminiscent of those of Lucille Ball on Here's Lucy.", "Debbie Reynolds played the mother of Kevin Kline, a high school drama teacher who is (mistakenly?) outed on national television in the 1997 comedy, \"In & Out.\"", "In 1973, Reynolds starred in a Broadway revival of the musical Irene and was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Lead Actress in a Musical. In 1969 she starred in her own television show The Debbie Reynolds Show, for which she received a Golden Globe nomination. She was also nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for her performance in A Gift of Love (1999) and an Emmy Award for playing Grace's mother Bobbi on Will & Grace. Reynolds is known for her role as Aggie Cromwell in Disney's Halloweentown series. In 1988, she released her autobiography titled, Debbie: My Life. In 2013, she released an updated version titled Unsinkable: A Memoir. ", "Actress Felicia Blake, played by Debbie Reynolds, names a man she remembers for his kisses as Mel in her memoirs.", "His first wife, Debbie Reynolds, was the much-loved star of Singing In The Rain (their daughter Carrie went on to make her name playing Princess Leia in Star Wars) and then there was Liz Taylor, who in 1959 stole Fisher from all-American sweetheart Debbie.", "As Debbie Reynolds was not a trained dancer, Gene Kelly chose Charisse to partner him in the celebrated \"Broadway Melody\" ballet finale from Singin' in the Rain (1952), and she co-starred with Kelly in 1954's Scottish-themed musical film Brigadoon . She again took the lead female role alongside Kelly in his penultimate MGM musical It's Always Fair Weather (1956). [8]", "Debbie Reynolds is the first of two actors in the Top 1000 Biggest Singles Artists that brought Carrie Fisher into the world. Debbie dazzled us in Singing In The Rain which sent her Hollywood career on its way, but appears in this list on the back of her 1957 hit, \"Tammy\", from the The Unsinkable Molly Brown for which she received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress. Debbie has since become just as famous for her collection of movie memorabilia, owning one of the most sought after pieces, a real life Princess Leia!", "She starred in How the West Was Won (1963), and The Unsinkable Molly Brown (1964), a biographical film about the famously boisterous Molly Brown. Her performance as Molly Brown earned her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress. Her other notable films include The Singing Nun (1966), Divorce American Style (1967), What's the Matter with Helen? (1971), Mother (1996 Golden Globe nomination), and In & Out (1997). Reynolds is also a noted cabaret performer. In 1979, she founded the Debbie Reynolds Dance Studio in North Hollywood, which still operates today. ", "In 1994 she played Fred Flintstone’s mother-in-law in “ The Flintstones ,” and in 1996 she made appearances on four CBS sitcoms. In 2001 she and Shirley MacLaine, Joan Collins and Debbie Reynolds made fun of their own images in “ These Old Broads ,” a tepidly received television movie — written by Carrie Fisher, the daughter of Ms. Reynolds and Eddie Fisher — about aging movie stars (with Ms. Taylor, getting little screen time, as their caftan-wearing agent) who despise one another but reunite for a TV special.", "At the peak of her career, actress Debbie Reynolds was America's sweetheart, the archetypal girl next door; best remembered for her work in Hollywood musicals, she appeared in the genre's defining moment, Singin' in the Rain, as well as many other notable successes. Born Mary Frances Reynolds on April 1, 1932 in El Paso, Texas, she entered the film industry by winning the Miss Burbank beauty contest in 1948, resulting in a contract with Warner Bros. However, the studio cast her in small roles in only two films -- 1948's The June Bride and 1950's The Daughter of Rosie O'Grady -- and she soon exited for the greener pastures of MGM, where she first appeared in Three Little Words. A more significant turn in 1950's Two Weeks with Love garnered Reynolds strong notices, and soon she was touted as the new Judy Garland, with a role in 1951's Mr. Imperium also on the horizon.", "Usually typecast as a youthful mother, she auditioned for many other roles in competition with leading stars of the era. With unnerving frequency, however, Debbie Reynolds got the part.", "Good friends: Eddie Fisher, centre, split from Debbie Reynolds, right, for Elizabeth Taylor, left. But Debbie said she remains good friends with her rival", "Michael Todd’s best friend had been all-American star and blue-eyed boy Eddie Fisher, who was married to Debbie “America’s Sweetheart” Reynolds and father to Carrie Fisher and Todd Fisher (named after Michael Todd). While Todd was alive the two couples had spent a lot of time together, and naturally Fisher and Reynolds offered comfort and support following Todd’s death. But Fisher and Taylor soon developed a relationship that went beyond friendship, resulting in a scandal, a divorce, a marriage and a permanent estrangement from Reynolds (years later, Reynolds reported keeping a picture of Taylor at her fattest on the fridge to remind her not to snack. Taylor, to her credit, laughed at this). Taylor and Fisher, meanwhile, starred together in Butterfield 8, which finally bagged Taylor an Oscar win. But it was her next role that proved her most iconic.", "At age 16, attracted by the opportunity to obtain a free blouse and scarf, Debbie Reynolds entered the 1948 Miss Burbank contest -- and won. She also garnered the attention of talent scouts from Warner Brothers and MGM. They flipped a coin, and Warner Brothers won.", "Debbie Reynolds was born Mary Frances Reynolds in El Paso, Texas on April 1, 1932. She is an Oscar-nominated American actress, dancer and singer.", "She’s got a movie star for a mom ( Debbie Reynolds ) and a famous singer for a dad ( Eddie Fisher ) and Elizabeth Taylor and Connie Stevens among her stepmothers.", "*Give a Girl a Break, directed by Stanley Donen, starring Debbie Reynolds, Marge Champion, Gower Champion", "Debbie Reynolds , one of Hollywood's biggest stars in the 1950s and 1960s, died December 28, one day after her daughter, actress Carrie Fisher, passed away. She was 84.", "She was well known for her sense of humor and quick wit. One of her father Eddie Fisher 's first hits in the 1950s was a song entitled \"Oh! My Pa-Pa\". Her father, of course, had a scandalous affair with Elizabeth Taylor and ultimately left her mother, Debbie Reynolds to marry Taylor. When Fisher and Reynolds were making a joint television appearance, Fisher quipped that her mother could sing, too, and should have written and sang a song entitled, \"Oh! My Faux Pas\".", "LOS ANGELES,CA - CIRCA 1957: Debbie Reynolds attends an event with daughter Carrie Fisher in Los Angeles,CA. (Photo by Earl Leaf/Michael Ochs Archives/Getty Images)", "^ Pryor, Thomas M. \"Debbie Reynolds Is Cast By M-G-M.\" The New York Times. January 4, 1958.", "[on Eddie Fisher ] I'm not taking anything away from Debbie [ Debbie Reynolds ] because she never really had it.", "Singer Debbie Reynolds performs Tuesday, Aug. 31, 1999, at the New York State Fair in Geddes, N.Y. It is part of the fair's free concerts daily at Cole Court. (AP Photo/Empire Expo Center, Mike Okoniewski)", "Actress Debbie Reynolds is among the thousand of prospective buyers attending the opening day of a 2½ week auction of thousands of unusual items by MGM studios in Hollywood, May 3, 1970. It is not known if she made any purchases. All items were bid on by number and by flashing a photo of the item on a screen. (AP Photo/George Brich)", "Reynolds, who had two children -- Carrie and Todd Fisher -- with her late ex, opened up about her relationship with Taylor before and after she stole Eddie more than five decades ago.", "During the shows' fourth season,Jenilee Harrison had a short stint as Chrissy's cousin Cindy Snow,who was another ditzy,not so bright,clumsy blonde. After Harrison's departure from the show,former \"Dallas\" star Priscilla Barnes tied things up as registered nurse Terri Alden,who was not like Chrissy or Cindy but this blonde had style and wasn't clumsy or ditzy and very bright. Also during that season,Don Knotts(aka Deputy Fife on Andy Griffith) filled in the gap as the \"bachelor at large\",Ralph Furley. Richard Kline starred as the lovable stud Larry who was a used car salesmen and swinger extraordinaire who was always getting Jack blind dates. In was here that Knotts and Ritter kept the show in the Top 10 for the next five seasons including Emmy nominations for Best Actor.", "ABC – Ron Cochran with the News, Ozzie and Harriet, Donna Reed (Mary brings a classmate home from college), Leave it to Beaver (Beaver makes a foolish bet), My Three Sons (The Douglas’ could lose Tramp after he bites a boy. Alfred Hitchcock – A blackmailer threatens to reveal the names of an adopted daughter’s true parents unless he gets his money), The Law and Mr. Jones, Alcoa Theater", "* Susan Lee Hoffman (played the present day Tina Reynolds in the episode \"Hard Boiled Murder\")", "Amzie was also the saleslady in the Don Loper Salon episode of I LOVE LUCY and one of her last gigs was on the GOLDEN GIRLS episode where Frieda Claxton dies after Rose tells her off at a hearing and the girls end up footing the bill for her funeral. Amzie was the only other person who showed up for the funeral and asked to speak a few words. She goes on about what a fine person the deceased was only to add \"Celia Rubenstein was a friend to all of humanity...\" which prompts Dorothy to yell, \"WHO ? ?\" Once she realizes that she's in the wrong viewing room and asks the girls if Claxton was the lady who lived over on such & such, she kicks the coffin !!", "Ellen (originally titled These Friends of Mine during its first season but was changed so not to be confused with Friends) is an American television sitcom that aired on the ABC network from March 29, 1994, to July 22, 1998, consisting of 109 episodes. The title role is Ellen Morgan, played by stand-up comedian Ellen DeGeneres, a neurotic bookstore owner in her thirties.", "Ellen is an American television sitcom that aired on the ABC network from March 29, 1994, to July 22, 1998, consisting of 109 episodes. The title role is Ellen Morgan, played by stand-up comedian Ellen DeGeneres, a neurotic bookstore owner in her thirties. The title of the series was These Friends of Mine for the first season, but it was subsequently changed to avoid confusion with the NBC series Friends, which premiered in September 1994.", "* Marcia Wallace played a salesclerk in \"Would the Real Jan Brady Please Stand Up\" (season two) and \"Mrs. Robbins\" in \"Getting Davy Jones\" (season three)" ]

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[ "ABCNEWS' Barbara Walters interviewed actor and musician Dudley Moore for 20/20 in the fall of 1999 about his career and the malady that ultimately took his life. The following is a transcript of their conversation.", "Dudley Moore (19 April 1935 – 27 March 2002) was a British musician, actor and comedian. He first achieved fame in the revue Beyond the Fringe.", "Dudley Moore joined Peter Cook, Alan Bennett and Jonathan Miller in the groundbreaking comedy revue Beyond The Fringe. (The group’s offbeat satire set the stage for a later British comedy troupe, Monty Python’s Flying Circus.) Moore was an accomplished pianist who toured as a jazz musician before joining Beyond The Fringe; he often used the instrument in his comedy routines. Cook and Moore (also known as Pete and Dud) later co-starred in the sketch comedy TV show Not Only… But Also and the 1967 film Bedazzled. Moore starred in the hit 1979 film 10 where his diminutive size (he stood 5’2″) made him a perfect comic foil for the statuesque love interest, Bo Derek . Moore was nominated for an Oscar for his work in the 1981 romantic comedy Arthur (with Liza Minnelli ). In 1999 he announced that he was suffering from a rare degenerative disease known as progressive supranuclear palsy. (He ultimately died of pneumonia related to the disease.) Moore was awarded a CBE by Queen Elizabeth II in November of 2001.", "On 30 September 1999, Moore announced that he was suffering from the terminal degenerative brain disorder progressive supranuclear palsy , some of whose early symptoms were so similar to intoxication that he had been accused of being drunk, and that the illness had been diagnosed earlier in the year. [2]", "Dudley Stuart John Moore, CBE (19 April 1935 – 27 March 2002) was an English actor, comedian, composer and musician.", "Dudley Moore, the gifted comedian who had at least three distinct career phases that brought him great acclaim and success, actually started out as a musical prodigy as a child. He was born in Dagenham, Essex, England, in 1935, to working class parents, Ada Francis (Hughes), an English secretary, and John Havlin Moore, a Scottish railway electrician (originally from Glasgow). Dudley won a music scholarship to Magdalen College, Oxford, to study the organ. At university, he also studied composition and became a classically trained pianist, though his forte on the piano for public performance was jazz. After graduating from Magdalen College in 1958, Moore was offered a position as organist at King's College, Cambridge, but turned it down in order to go to London and pursue a music and acting career. Fellow Oxonian Alan Bennett (Exter Colelge, B.A., Medieval History, 1957) had already recommended him to John Bassett, who was putting together a satirical comedy revue called \"Beyond The Fringe\". \"Beyond The Fringe\" was to be Moore's first brush with fame, along with co-stars Bennett, future theatrical director Jonathan Miller (now Sir Jonathan, who studied Medicine at Cambridge and was a physician), and Peter Cook , who was destined to become Moore's comic partner during the 1960s and '70s.", "special feature looking back at the best celebrity interviews over the past year. This, the first of a twopart programme, features interviews with the stars, including Bette Midler, Lauren Banal], Dudley Moore, Little Richard, Bob Hope, Benny Hill, Sting, Patrick Duffy and many others.", "Dudley Moore was born on the 19th of April, 1937. He told the Observer in 1979: \"I was a very serious pompous child. I spent the first seven years of my life siphoned off in hospital beds and wheelchairs with a club foot...It was my leg onto which I projected all my feelings of inadequacy and self-loathing.\" At school he took to clowning to avoid the inevitable bullying and teasing. A keen musician, he went on to study music at Magdalen College, Oxford, where he became interested in the stage and cabaret and developed great skill in the jazz piano.", "In 1994, Dudley Moore, the brilliant comedian and pianist, began to realize that he was losing control of his body. He had trouble talking, playing the piano, even walking. But the big question was why? It would take four years, one devoted friend, and the right medical specialist for Dudley Moore to discover, finally, what he was fighting and what it would take for him to survive.", "It was a deeply unsettling interview in which Moore disclosed for the first time, in a slurred and hesitant voice, that he fully understands his fate. 'I think I am going to die,' he mumbled, propping himself up with a walking stick, pausing and seeming frequently to lose the thread of his thoughts. 'Um... I don't know... I don't think it's going to be, umm... pleasant,' he told Walters.", "Dudley Moore was born in Charing Cross Hospital, London, on Good Friday, 1935. He was at a disadvantage from the start, both physically and economically. According to his official biographer, Barbra Paskin, when his mother, Ada, found she had given birth to a boy with a club foot and a withered leg she said: \"This isn't my baby.\" Ada had to be persuaded to take her son home to the Dagenham council house where she lived with her husband Jock, a railway worker, and his five-year-old sister, Barbara.", "At the same time Dudley Moore the jazz pianist was finding that his fingers were becoming less responsive. and his speech was becoming incoherent.", "In 1987, he was interviewed for the New York Times by the music critic Rena Fruchter , herself an accomplished pianist. They became close friends. At that time Moore’s film career was already on the wane. He was having trouble remembering his lines, a problem he had never previously encountered. He opted to concentrate on the piano, and enlisted Fruchter as an artistic partner. They performed as a duo in the U.S. and Australia. However, his disease soon started to make itself apparent there as well, as his fingers would not always do what he wanted them to do. Symptoms such as slurred speech and loss of balance were misinterpreted by the public and the media as a sign of drunkenness. Moore himself was at a loss to explain this. He moved into Fruchter’s family home in New Jersey and stayed there for five years, but this, however, placed a great strain on both her marriage and her friendship with Moore, and she later set him up in the house next door.", "It was with the greatest sorrow that I learned recently of the very sad and premature passing of actor, comedian and pianist Dudley Moore at the age of 66. (See my Obituary to Dudley Moore.)", "WALTERS: (VO) Dudley Moore, in a way, has always been trapped in his body, always faced physical and emotional adversity.", "WALTERS: (VO) It was probably Dudley Moore's last chance at a comeback. After the disaster on the Streisand set, it was unlikely that he would ever be hired as an actor again.", "Was the first choice to play \"Henry Fine\" in _The Mirror Has Two Faces (1996)_ (qv), only to be replaced by 'George Segal (I)' (qv) (who was, ironically, replaced by Moore in the role of \"George Webber\" in _10 (1979)_ (qv)). In an interview following his announcement that he had supranuclear palsy, he revealed that he was dismissed from the role because he had trouble remembering his lines.", "* Exclusive - TV Series documentary - Episode dated 21 November 1999 - Himself - Interviewee (1999) ", "Was the first choice to play \"Henry Fine\" in The Mirror Has Two Faces (1996), only to be replaced by George Segal (who was, ironically, replaced by Moore in the role of \"George Webber\" in 10 (1979)). In an interview following his announcement that he had supranuclear palsy, he revealed that he was dismissed from the role because he had trouble remembering his lines.", "The Only Fools and Horses actor , famed for his dopey character Trigger, had been suffering from pancreatic cancer.", "In 1995, while appearing in the West End Cell Mates, Fry suffered an acute episode of mental illness and walked out of the production, causing its early closure and incurring the displeasure of co-star Rik Mayall and playwright Simon Gray. Fry went missing for several days and contemplated suicide. He later said that he would have killed himself if he had not had \"the option of disappearing\". He abandoned the idea and left the United Kingdom by ferry, eventually resurfacing in Belgium. Fry has attempted suicide on a number of occasions, most recently in 2012. In an interview with Richard Herring in 2013, Fry revealed that he had attempted suicide the previous year while filming abroad. He said that he took a \"huge number of pills and a huge [amount] of vodka\" and had to be brought back to the UK to be \"looked after\". ", "In 1980, Niven began experiencing fatigue, muscle weakness, and a warble in his voice. His 1981 interviews on the talk shows of Michael Parkinson and Merv Griffin alarmed family and friends; viewers wondered if Niven had either been drinking or suffered a stroke. He blamed his slightly slurred voice on the shooting schedule on the film he had been making, Better Late Than Never. He was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, or \"Lou Gehrig's disease\" in the US and motor neurone disease (MND) in the UK) later that year. His final appearance in Hollywood was hosting the 1981 American Film Institute tribute to Fred Astaire.", "MOORE: (From 1982 interview) Because she knew or thought that I was going to be so unhappy. Of course, this influenced the way I felt about myself, you know, so that I grew up with a great lack of self-confidence. And I spent a lot of time in the hospital, and I wasn't able to cope with it very well — until I discovered comedy.", "In 1998, Gene Siskel was hospitalized for treatment of a brain tumor . For a few weeks, the show was filmed with Siskel on the telephone (from his hospital bed) and Ebert in the studio. Although Siskel would eventually return to the studio, he seemed noticably more lethargic and mellow than usual. In February 1999, Siskel announced he was taking a leave of absence for further treatment of the tumor, hoping to return. Less than three weeks later, Siskel died from complications of the surgery. The weekend following Siskel's death, Ebert devoted the entire half hour as a tribute to him. On the show were various clips from shows past as well their history together as journalists and then on television. Also, Ebert appeared on ABC 's Good Morning America in a tribute to Siskel along with Diane Sawyer , Charles Gibson , Peter Jennings , and fellow critic and friend of Siskel Joel Siegel .", "This is FRESH AIR. I'm David Bianculli, FRESH AIR's TV critic, sitting in for Terry Gross. TV executive Grant Tinker died last week at age 90. Today, we'll listen back to Terry's 1994 interview with him, as well as a 1995 interview with Mary Tyler Moore, Grant Tinker's ex-wife, who starred in two famous and influential sitcoms with which Tinker was involved - \"The Dick Van Dyke Show\" and \"The Mary Tyler Moore Show.\" Grant Tinker was a major influence on and in television for the second half of the 20th century.", "He took cameo roles in several movies, made a dreadful solo album and returned to London in 1977, having squandered most of his fortune. He was fat and unfit, and his health � both mental and physical � was in a precarious state. His death later that year seemed somehow inevitable, although it still took the rock world by surprise to discover that Keith Moon wasn�t indestructible after all. The Who carried on with Kenny Jones and others in the drum seat but were never the same. Moon took with him much of the group�s passion and power, and also its sense of humour, and in the Eighties Townshend�s sense of loss almost led him to follow Moon to an early grave.", "Sir Roger Moore was recently the featured guest on Piers Morgan�s Friday night ITV show (subsequently repeated at the weekend), discussing his long film and TV career � and his rather eventful love life. Dorothy Squires was naturally prominent among the former wives he mentioned.", "Gene Siskel (January 26, 1946 – February 20, 1999) was an American film critic and journalist for the Chicago Tribune. Along with colleague Roger Ebert, he hosted a series of popular review shows on television from 1975 to 1999.", "Gaétan Dugas becomes the face of AIDS as “Patient Zero” on the CBS television program 60 Minutes, November 15, 1987, presented by Harry Reasoner. Image reproduced with permission from BBC Worldwide Americas Inc.", "15. SOUNDBITE (English) Roger Moore, with still of Tony Curtis: (on how he feels about the death of Tony Curtis)", "Feldman's unpredictability proved to be due to an over-active thyroid which left him with the bulging-eyed appearance familiar to television audiences. Took himself, though outwardly unflappable, suffered from stress brought on by overwork - by the end of the 1960s he was co-writing three television and radio series and chairing a panel game called Sounds Familiar - and an unhappy first marriage; he spent four years in analysis.", "He filled in as a last-minute host for David Letterman on February 26, 2003, a show he was supposed to be the guest for. This was Letterman's first \"sick day\" in 20 years (other than his time off for heart surgery)." ]

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[ "    Golden Girls was a show about three older women (Dorothy, Blanche and Rose) sharing a house in Miami. On the very first episode, Dorothy's senile mother Sophia moved in with them after the nursing home she was living in had a fire. The show got away with a lot of raunchy humor because its stars were older women.", "After appearing in the short-lived 1983 sitcom Amanda's (an adaptation of the British series Fawlty Towers), Arthur was cast in The Golden Girls in 1985, in which she played Dorothy Zbornak, a divorced substitute teacher living in a Miami house owned by Blanche Devereaux (Rue McClanahan). Her other roommates included widow Rose Nylund (Betty White) and Dorothy's Sicilian mother, Sophia Petrillo (Estelle Getty). Getty was actually a year younger than Arthur in real life, and was heavily made up to look significantly older. The series was a hit, and remained a top-ten ratings fixture for six of its seven seasons. Her performance led to several Emmy nominations over the course of the series and an Emmy win in 1988. Arthur decided to leave the show after seven years, and in 1992 the show was moved from NBC to CBS and retooled as The Golden Palace in which the other three actresses reprised their roles, with Cheech Marin as their new foil. Arthur made a guest appearance in a two-part episode, but the new series lasted only one season. ", "After appearing in the short-lived 1983 sitcom Amanda's (an adaptation of the British series Fawlty Towers), Arthur was cast in the sitcom The Golden Girls in 1985, in which she played Dorothy Zbornak , a divorced substitute teacher living in a Miami house owned by Blanche Devereaux ( Rue McClanahan ). Her other roommates included widow Rose Nylund ( Betty White ) and Dorothy's Sicilian mother, Sophia Petrillo ( Estelle Getty ). Getty was actually a year younger than Arthur in real life, and was heavily made up to look significantly older. The series became a hit, and remained a top-ten ratings fixture for seven seasons. Her performance led to several Emmy nominations over the course of the series and an Emmy win in 1988. Arthur decided to leave the show after seven years, and in 1992 the show was moved from NBC to CBS and retooled as The Golden Palace in which the other three actresses reprised their roles. Arthur made a guest appearance in a two-part episode.", "9.00pm The Golden Girls THE ARTIST Blanche has some exciting news — her artist friend Laszlo has asked her to pose for one of his sculptures. Oracle subtitles page 888 Dorothy Bea Arthur Sophia Estelle Getty Blanche Rue McClanahan Rose Betty White Laszlo Tony Jay ", "“The Golden Girls” followed the lives of three older women sharing a household in Miami with Dorothy’s widowed mother, Sophia (Estelle Getty), who has suffered a small stroke that frees her from the constraints of tactfulness.", "The Golden Girls made its debut over 30 years ago, but the series still remains fresh for generations of new viewers thanks to great writing and syndicated reruns. Here are 20 things you might not have known about Dorothy, Rose, Blanche, and Sophia.", "It’s hard to imagine NBC making a show like this today—how would four elderly women with clashing personalities attract the coveted 18-39 demo? Dorothy (Bea Arthur) is the put-upon voice of reason. Her snarky mother Sophia (Estelle Getty) is always ready with a pithy one-liner. Blanche (Rue McClanahan) reminisces constantly about nights of passionate romance. And all of this goes right over the head of doe-eyed, naive Rose (Betty White). Through it all, the show has a lot of heart and you can tell that these four women care deeply for each other. And the Golden Girls’ adventures found an eager audience, ranking in the top 10 during its first six seasons.—Liz Shinn", "Estelle Getty, better known as Sophia Petrillo, was the wise cracking mother of Dorothy Zbornak on The Golden Girls. Getty played a woman in her 80’s… but in actuality she was younger than the actress who played her daughter. Golden girls ran from 1985 – 1992 on NBC, winning numerous awards. Getty herself won both […]", "In an exclusive excerpt from Jim Colucci's new book, Golden Girls Forever, the author describes how Dorothy, Rose, Blanche, and Sophia paved the way for shows like Living Single and Looking.", "The cast members of the television series “Golden Girls” were clockwise from left, Bea Arthur, Rue McClanahan, Betty White and Estelle Getty.", "After six consecutive seasons in the top 10, and a seventh season at No. 30, The Golden Girls came to an end when Bea Arthur chose to leave the series. In the hour-long series finale, which aired in May 1992, Dorothy meets and marries Blanche's Uncle Lucas (Leslie Nielsen), and moves to Hollingsworth Manor in Atlanta, Georgia. Sophia was to join her, but in the end, Sophia stays behind with the other women in Miami, leading into the spin-off series, The Golden Palace. The series finale was watched by 27.2 million viewers. As of 2010, the episode ranked at No. 17 of most-watched finales. ", "Four-Girl Ensemble : A textbook example. Rose is the Na�ve Everygirl , Dorothy is the tough, mannish Deadpan Snarker , Blanche is the promiscuous one , and Sophia is the wise Team Mom .", "Dorothy Zbornak (née Petrillo), portrayed by Beatrice Arthur , is a fictional character from the TV series The Golden Girls . Dorothy was the strong, sarcastic, sometimes intimidating, and arguably, most grounded of the four women in the house. In the 1,000th issue of Entertainment Weekly, Dorothy Zbornak was selected as the Grandma for \"The Perfect TV Family\". In flashback sequences in various episodes, a much younger Dorothy is played by actress Lynnie Greene .", "*On \"Questions and Answers\", a season 7 episode of The Golden Girls aired February 8, 1992, Dorothy Zbornak (Bea Arthur) auditions for Jeopardy!, but despite her excellent show of knowledge, she is rejected by a contestant coordinator who feels that America would not root for her. In a dream sequence, Dorothy competes against roommate Rose Nylund (Betty White) and neighbor Charlie Deitz (David Leisure), in a crossover from Empty Nest. Trebek and Griffin appear as themselves in the dream sequence, and Gilbert provides a voice-over. ", "Photo: From left, Estelle Getty, Rue McClanahan, Bea Arthur and Betty White from \"The Golden Girls.\"", "An episode of The Golden Girls featured Lyle Waggoner and Sonny Bono as caricatures of themselves fighting over Dorothy's affections. In the end, it's revealed that the whole thing was All Just a Dream ... and a recurring one, at that.", "After Show : Golden Palace , which had Blanche, Rose, and Sophia buying and operating a hotel. Dorothy appeared in one episode.", "The Andrews Sisters were an American close harmony singing group of the swing and boogie-woogie eras. The group consisted of three sisters: contralto LaVerne Sophia (July 6, 1911 – May 8, 1967), soprano Maxene Angelyn \"Maxene\" (January 3, 1916 – October 21, 1995), and mezzo-soprano Patricia Marie \"Patty\" (February 16, 1918 – January 30, 2013). Throughout their long career, the sisters sold well over 75 million records (the last official count released by MCA Records in the mid-1970s). Their 1941 hit \"Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy\" can be considered an early example of rhythm and blues or jump blues.", "*In The Golden Girls episode \"The Triangle\" (1985), Sophia tells Rose a story of having been childhood friends in Italy with the woman who would go on to become Mama Celeste. Later in the episode, she yells, \"Abbondanza\" into the freezer and makes an obscene gesture.", "\"Thank You For Being a Friend\" was a hit for Andrew Gold in 1978. However, the song is better remembered as the theme tune to The Golden Girls , which used a cover version sung by Cynthia Fee.", "Dorothy Petrillo was born in New York, New York, and was the daughter of Italian immigrants Sophia (Estelle Getty, who was actually a year younger than Arthur) and Salvadore Petrillo. Dorothy states in one episode that she is a Leo (born in July or August). In the season three episode, \"Nothing to Fear But Fear Itself\" (1987), Sophia says Dorothy was conceived in 1931, after Sophia's and Salvadore's first argument as newlyweds. In the show's final season in 1992, Dorothy's age is stated as 60.", "Yeah, yeah, we know, it's not a town—it's the Miami retirement home on \"The Golden Girls\" (1985–1992). But who among us hasn't joked about heading to the fictional place that Sophia (Estelle Getty) may or may not have burned down to get the hell out of?", "The Golden Girls [46] Four previously married women live together in Miami, sharing their various experiences together and enjoying themselves despite hard times.", "The group was formed at Andrew Jackson High School in Cambria Heights, New York, a neighborhood in Queens, New York City, in 1963. It consisted of two sets of sisters: Mary Weiss (lead singer) (born 28 December 1948) and Elizabeth \"Betty\" Weiss (born 1946), and identical twins Marguerite \"Marge\" Ganser (4 February 1948–28 July 1996) and Mary Ann Ganser (4 February 1948–14 March 1970).", "Diana Ernestine Earle Ross (born March 26, 1944) is an American singer, songwriter, actress and record producer. Born and raised in Detroit, she rose to fame as a founding member and lead singer of the vocal group The Supremes, which, during the 1960s, became Motown's most successful act and is to this day America's most successful vocal group as well as one of the world's best-selling girl groups of all time.", "** Creator/DorothyEliasFahn (Dorothy Elias, Dorothy Fahn, Midge Mayes, Dorothy Melendez, Dorothy Melendrez, Jacky Morris, Annie Pastrano, and Johanna Luis).", "The Shangri-Las were an American pop girl group of the 1960s. Between 1964 and 1966 they charted with often heartbreaking teen melodramas, and remain known for \"Leader of the Pack\" and \"Remember (Walkin' in the Sand)\". he group was formed at Andrew Jackson High School in Cambria Heights, a part of Queens in New York in 1963. They consisted of two sets of sisters: Mary Weiss (lead singer) (born 1948 (age 60–61)) and Elizabeth \"Betty\" Weiss (born 1946, and identical twins Marguerite \"Marge\" (1947-1996 and Mary Ann Ganser (1947-1970. The girls often appeared as a trio, Betty Weiss rarely on stage until late 1965, preferring to avoid touring.", "in 1996 - Margie Ganser (MARGUERITE GANSER DORSTE)died. A member of the Sixties girl-group The Shangri-Las along with her twin sister Mary Ann, Margie Ganser was born in Oceanside, Long Island, but raised in Queens, New York. Attending Andrew Jackson High School in Queens, New York, the Ganser twins formed the group with another pair of sisters, Betty (Liz) and Mary Weiss. Margie was the most mature and confident of the group. With all four members growing up in the tough Queens neighbourhood of Cambra Heights, their streetwise attitude would be manifested in their musical output. Discovered by songwriter/producer George �Shadow� Morton, the group passed through several labels before signing with Leiber and Stoller�s Red Bird label; the label sported several other girl groups on their roster, including The Dixie Cups and The Jelly Beans.", "The Marvelettes was an American girl group that achieved popularity in the early- to mid-1960s. They consisted of schoolmates Gladys Horton, Katherine Anderson (now Schaffner), Georgeanna Tillman (later Gordon), Juanita Cowart (now Cowart Motley), and Georgia Dobbins, who was replaced by Wanda Young (now Rogers) prior to the group signing their first deal. They were the first major successful act of Motown Records after the Miracles and its first significantly successful girl group after the release of the 1961 number-one single, \"Please Mr. Postman\", one of the first number-one singles recorded by an all-female vocal group and the first by a Motown recording act.", "The group started out as a five-piece high school harmony group called the Delrons, formed in 1962 at St. Brendan's Catholic School in Brooklyn, New York by the lead singer Mary Aiese. The other original members included Nanette Licari, Regina Gallagher, and Anne Fitzgerald, but they were soon replaced by Sheila Reilly, Carol Drobnicki and Kathy Romeo. Romeo was replaced by Marge McGuire, but McGuire herself then left the group.", "As a little kid in the 60's two females stood out for me -both long haired blondes. Mia Farrow on Peyton Place and Michelle Phillips from the Mamas and the Papas. I think all kinds of young girls copied their 'looks'. Mia cut her hair and a lot of little girls got that stupid awful haircut. If I saw the Mamas & Papas I was much more interested in Michelle than Cass, even though Cass was humourus and had great stage speak.", "* The Golddiggers, an all-girl singing and dancing troupe that appeared on The Dean Martin Show and other TV series" ]

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[ "Sesame Street was conceived in 1966 during discussions between television producer Joan Ganz Cooney and Carnegie Foundation vice president Lloyd Morrisett. Their goal was to create a children's television show that would \"master the addictive qualities of television and do something good with them\", such as helping young children prepare for school. After two years of research the newly formed Children's Television Workshop (CTW) received a combined grant of US$8 million ($ million in dollars) from the Carnegie Foundation, the Ford Foundation, and the U.S. Federal Government to create and produce a new children's television show. The program premiered on public television stations on November 10, 1969. It was the first preschool educational television program to base its contents and production values on laboratory and formative research. Initial responses to the show included adulatory reviews, some controversy, and high ratings. By its 40th anniversary in 2009, Sesame Street was broadcast in over 120 countries, and 20 international versions had been produced.", "The first show that CTW produced was Sesame Street, which proved hugely successful. The Carnegie Corporation, the US Office of Education, and Ford Foundation provided the initial funding for the project. A few years after the success of Sesame Street, The Jim Henson Company worked with the company to develop another series, The Affect Show . However, The Affect Show didn't get past planning stages.", "Sesame Workshop (SW, or \"the Workshop\"), formerly known as the Children's Television Workshop (CTW), is an American non-profit organization behind the production of several educational children's programs—including its first and best-known, Sesame Street—that have run on public broadcasting around the world. Television producer Joan Ganz Cooney and foundation executive Lloyd Morrisett came up with the idea to form an organization to oversee the production of Sesame Street, a television show which would help children, especially those from low-income families, prepare for school. They spent two years, from 1966 to 1968, researching, developing, and raising money for the new show. Cooney was named as the Workshop's first executive director, which was called \"one of the most important television developments of the decade\".", "In 1989, Disney signed an agreement-in-principle to acquire Jim Henson Productions from its founder, Muppet creator Jim Henson. The deal included Henson's programming library and Muppet characters (excluding the Muppets created for Sesame Street), as well as Jim Henson's personal creative services. However, Henson died suddenly in May 1990 before the deal was completed, resulting in the two companies terminating merger negotiations the following December. Named the \"Disney Decade\" by the company, the executive talent attempted to move the company to new heights in the 1990s with huge changes and accomplishments. In September 1990, Disney arranged for financing up to $200 million by a unit of Nomura Securities for Interscope films made for Disney. On October 23, Disney formed Touchwood Pacific Partners I which would supplant the Silver Screen Partnership series as their movie studios' primary source of funding.", "In the summer of 1967, Cooney took a leave of absence from WNDT, and funded by Carnegie Corporation, traveled the U.S. and Canada interviewing experts in child development, education, and television. She reported her findings in a fifty-five-page document entitled \"The Potential Uses of Television in Preschool Education\". The report described what the new show, which became Sesame Street, would look like and proposed the creation of a company that oversaw its production, which eventually became known as the Children's Television Workshop (CTW).", "Early in their history Sesame Street and the CTW began to look for alternative funding sources and turned to creating products and writing licensing agreements. They became, as Cooney put it, \"a multiple-media institution\". In 1970, the CTW created a \"non-broadcast\" division responsible for creating and publishing books and Sesame Street Magazine. They decided that all materials their licensing program created would \"underscore and amplify\" the show's curriculum. In 2004, over 68% of Sesame Streets revenue came from licenses and products such as toys and clothing. By 2008, the Sesame Street Muppets accounted for between $15 million and $17 million per year in licensing and merchandising fees, split between the Sesame Workshop and The Jim Henson Company.", "Sesame Street premiered on PBS in the United States in November 1969, and the Workshop was formally incorporated shortly after, in 1970. Gerald S. Lesser and Edward L. Palmer were hired to conduct research for the show; they were responsible for developing a system of planning, production, and evaluation, and the interaction between television producers and educators, later called the \"CTW model\". They also hired a staff of producers and writers. After the initial success of Sesame Street, they began to plan for its continued survival, which included procuring additional sources of funding and creating other TV shows. The early 1980s were a challenging period for the Workshop; difficulty in finding audiences for their other productions and a series of bad investments hurt the organization until licensing agreements stabilized its revenues by 1985.", "Sesame Street has always had an uncomfortable relationship with money. After the show became a smash success, producers worried that the foundations that paid to get the show off the ground would expect it to sustain itself. Some executives adamantly opposed any attempt at merchandising. Even Jim Henson, who was already making money merchandising his comedic Muppets, opposed doing the same with more the educational Sesame Street characters. Eventually, however, the prospect of become a self-financing model convinced most of the creators that Oscar the Grouch dolls wouldn’t tarnish the program.", "Cooney's proposal included using in-house formative research that would inform and improve production, and independent summative evaluations to test the show's impact on its young viewers' learning. In 1967, Morrisett recruited Harvard professor Gerald S. Lesser, whom he had met while they were both psychology students at Yale, to help develop and lead the Workshop's research department. In 1972, the Markle Foundation donated $72,000 to Harvard to form the Center for Research in Children's Television, which served as a research arm for the CTW. Harvard produced about 20 major research studies about Sesame Street and its effect on young children. Lesser also served as the first chairman of the Workshop's advisory board, a position he held until his retirement in 1997. According to Lesser, the CTW's advisory board was unusual because instead of rubber-stamping the Workshop's decisions like most boards for other children's TV shows, it contributed significantly to the show's design and implementation. Lesser reported in Children and Television: Lessons from Sesame Street, his 1974 book about the beginnings of Sesame Street and the Children's Television Workshop, that roughly 8—10% of the Workshop's initial budget was spent on research. ", "As a result of Cooney's initial proposal in 1968, the Carnegie Institute awarded her an $8 million ($ million in dollars) grant to create a new children's television program and establish the CTW, renamed in June 2000 to Sesame Workshop (SW). Cooney and Morrisett procured additional multimillion-dollar grants from the U.S. federal government, The Arthur Vining Davis Foundations, CPB, and the Ford Foundation. Davis reported that Cooney and Morrisett decided that if they did not procure full funding from the beginning, they would drop the idea of producing the show. As Lesser reported, funds gained from a combination of government agencies and private foundations protected them from the economic pressures experienced by commercial broadcast television networks, but created challenges in procuring future funding.", "But HBO’s contract with “Sesame Street” simultaneously demonstrates, once again, that the show is a valuable commodity, and makes one of the best, most underlooked arguments for public arts funding. It’s not, as I’ve written countless times before, about whether art exists or not. It’s about whether people who don’t live in areas with museums, or who can’t afford cable, much less premium cable subscriptions, have access to arts and culture. Private funding can build museums, but it may take public money to subsidize skyrocketing admission. Elmo products may keep “Sesame Street” alive and cranking out new episodes, but it was the PBS pipeline that made sure children of all economic backgrounds had access to new episodes at the same time.", "Sesame Street used animations and short films commissioned from outside studios, interspersed throughout each episode, to help teach their viewers basic concepts like numbers and letters. Jim Henson was one of the many producers to create short films for the show. Shortly after Sesame Street debuted in the United States, the CTW was approached independently by producers from several countries to produce versions of the show at home. These versions came to be called \"co-productions\". By 2001 there were over 120 million viewers of all international versions of Sesame Street, and in 2006, there were twenty co-productions around the world. By the show's 40th anniversary in 2009, Sesame Street was broadcast in more than 140 countries. In 2005, Doreen Carvajal of The New York Times reported that income from the co-productions and international licensing accounted for $96 million.", "During the 1960s, the characters—notably Kermit and Rowlf the Dog—appeared on skits in several late-night talk shows and advertising commercials, including the The Ed Sullivan Show. Rowlf became the first Muppet with a regular spot on network television when he began appearing as Jimmy Dean's sidekick on The Jimmy Dean Show. In 1966, Joan Ganz Cooney and Lloyd Morrisett began developing an educational television program targeted towards children and approached Henson to design several Muppet characters for the program. Produced by the Children's Television Workshop, the show debuted as Sesame Street in 1969. Henson and his creative team performed and created several characters for the show in the years that followed; Henson waived his performance fee in exchange for retaining ownership rights to the Muppet characters created for the program. Sesame Street received critical acclaim, and the Muppets' involvement in the series was touted to be a vital component of the show's blossoming popularity, providing an \"effective and pleasurable viewing\" method of presentation for the series' educational curriculum. ", "The Merck Company Foundation is proud to support Sesame Street Food for Thought: Eating Well on a Budget, as well as Sesame Street programming in China and Brazil.", "‘Sesame Street’ goes to HBO and makes it clear why we should fund the arts - The Washington Post", ". 1969 ~ \"Can you tell me how to get ... how to get to Sesame Street?\" The classic, \"Sesame Street\" debuted on 170 Public Broadcasting stations and 20 commercial outlets. Created by the Children's Television Workshop, the show starred endearing characters including Gordon, Susan, Bob, Bert, Ernie, the Cookie Monster, Oscar the Grouch and, of course, Big Bird!", "Sesame Street was praised from its debut in 1969. Newsday reported that several newspapers and magazines had written \"glowing\" reports about the CTW and Cooney. The press overwhelmingly praised the new show; several popular magazines and niche magazines lauded it. In 1970, Sesame Street won twenty awards, including a Peabody Award, three Emmys, an award from the Public Relations Society of America, a Clio, and a Prix Jeunesse. By 1995, the show had won two Peabody Awards and four Parents' Choice Awards. In addition, it was the subject of retrospectives at the Smithsonian Institution and the Museum of Modern Art.", "Disney devoted substantial time in his later years funding The California Institute of the Arts (CalArts), which was formed in 1961 through a merger of the Los Angeles Conservatory of Music and the Chouinard Art Institute, which had helped in the training of the animation staff during the 1930s. When he died, one fourth of his estate went towards CalArts, which greatly helped the building of its campus. Walt also donated 38 acres (154,000 m²) of the Golden Oaks ranch in Valencia for the school to be built on. CalArts moved onto the Valencia campus in 1971.", "In December 1950, Walt Disney Productions and The Coca-Cola Company teamed up for Disney's first venture into television, the NBC television network special An Hour in Wonderland. In October 1954, the ABC network launched Disney's first regular television series, Disneyland, which would go on to become one of the longest-running primetime series of all time. Disneyland allowed Disney a platform to introduce new projects and broadcast older ones, and ABC became Disney's partner in the financing and development of Disney's next venture, located in the middle of an orange grove near Anaheim, California.", "Disney devoted substantial time in his later years funding The California Institute of the Arts (CalArts), which was formed in 1961 through a merger of the Los Angeles Conservatory of Music and the Chouinard Art Institute, which had helped in the training of the animation staff during the 1930s. When he died, one fourth of his estate went towards CalArts, which greatly helped the building of its campus. Walt also donated 38 acres (154,000 m²) of the Golden Oaks ranch in Valencia for the school to be built on. CalArts moved onto the Valencia campus in 1971 .", "The creators of Sesame Street and their researchers formulated both cognitive and affective goals for the show. Initially, they focused on cognitive goals, while addressing affective goals indirectly, in the belief that doing so would increase children's self-esteem and feelings of competency. One of their primary goals was preparing very young children for school, especially children from low-income families, using modeling, repetition, and humor to fulfill these goals. They made changes in the show's content to increase their viewers' attention and to increase its appeal, and encouraged \"co-viewing\" to entice older children and parents to watch the show by including more sophisticated humor, cultural references, and celebrity guest appearances.", "Sendak was an early member of the National Board of Advisors of the Children’s Television Workshop during the development stages of the Sesame Street television series. He also adapted his book Bumble Ardy into an animated sequence for the series, with Jim Henson as the voice of Bumble Ardy. He wrote and designed three other animated stories for the series: “Seven Monsters” (which never aired), “Up & Down”, and “Broom Adventures”.", "1969 – The first episode of the children's television series Sesame Street premiered on public broadcasting television stations in the United States, to adulatory reviews, some controversy, and high ratings.", "The Aaron Copland Fund for Music, Inc. Ascent Private Capital Management of U.S. Bank Fred C. and Katherine B. Andersen Foundation Best Buy Children’s Foundation Cargill Foundation Comcast Dorsey & Whitney Foundation Ecolab Foundation", "In 2005, Sesame Workshop, along with Comcast, PBS , and HIT Entertainment , launched a new cable channel called PBS Kids Sprout . Sesame Workshop divested its stake in Sprout in December 2012.", "The move behind the HBO paywall won’t remove “Sesame Street” from the public airwaves entirely; everyone involved was smart enough to anticipate what a disaster that would be. But it does sort children into tiers: those whose parents and schools will pony up for timely new episodes, and those who will have to wait. It’s not slamming the door shut entirely on poorer children and poorer school systems. But the whole affair does inject a note of difference and separation into a show that was always dedicated to the eradication of such distinctions. This may not be the outcome that we want. But it’s the outcome we were willing to pay for.", "The venerable children's show — where the Muppets were born — is heading to HBO. But Big Bird and Oscar still will be available to kids for free, with the HBO episodes repeating on PBS. Says Steve Youngwood, COO of Sesame Workshop, \"We are the only television program whose mission is to educate the world's most vulnerable children.\"", "As ABC prepares to take Kermit and the gang to the small screen with The Muppets this fall, PBS looks back on the life of Jim Henson, the legendary creator who started it all.", "Sam Walton had a strong belief in giving back to the society. The Walmart Foundation was established in 1979 to contribute to the underprivileged, focusing on the core areas of opportunity, sustainability and community.", "Sesame Workshop runs a critically acclaimed website, sesameworkshop.org . In late 2007, the organization launched the Joan Ganz Cooney Center at Sesame Workshop, \"to catalyze and support research, innovation and investment in digital media technologies to advance children's learning.\"", "In 1983, HBO premiered its first original movie, The Terry Fox Story, a biopic about the Canadian runner who embarked on a cross-country run across Canada to raise money and awareness for cancer research; the film was also the first movie ever produced for pay television. That year also saw the premiere of the first children's program to be distributed on the channel: Fraggle Rock (that series' creator, Jim Henson, had earlier produced the special Emmet Otter's Jug-Band Christmas, which won an ACE Award in 1978). HBO continued to air various original programs aimed at children until 2001, when these programs almost completely moved over to HBO Family (which continued to occasionally distributed its own slate of original children's programming until 2003). ", "MUPPETS. Jim Henson, eighteen, and Jane Nebel introduced Kermit and friends on a show called “Sam and Friends” in 1955." ]

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[ "Mr. French, (Sebastian Cabot), the butler from the television series Family Affair, which ran from 1966 to 1971, got his charges Buffy and Jody out of all sorts of scrapes.", "Angus Hudson (1856-?), known, as is traditional, as \"Hudson\" to the Bellamys and \"Mr Hudson\" to the servants, was the Scottish butler of the house at Eaton Place throughout the whole series. He was the son of Ian and Margaret Hudson and had a brother Donald and a sister Fiona. Portrayed by Gordon Jackson, who won an Emmy (Supporting Actor, Single Performance, Comedy or Drama Series, for \"The Beastly Hun.\").", "Geoffrey, the family's sarcastic but dependable butler, completed four years at Oxford and competed in the Olympics before going to work for the Banks in the United States. He was forced to flee his home country of England when it was discovered that he had actually cheated in his Olympic event, which forced him to take the butler position. He becomes very close to the family throughout the series, and is even named as Nicky's godfather. âXFINITY Entertainment Staff (Photo: NBC)", "* Arthur Treacher as Andrews, a butler in the Sesemann household who is always nice to Heidi.", "Inside a tall, Lurch-like butler, Sockett (Bernard Bresslaw) greets them. When they inquire to see the master of the house, Sockett deadpans that the master has been dead for fifteen years, yet still persists in asking him if he can see them. Bemused, the three men enter the gothic manor and wait in the lounge. Watching them through the eyes of a portrait is the voluptuous lady of the manor, Valeria (Fenella Fielding).", "* Michael Gough as Alfred Pennyworth The Wayne family's faithful butler and Bruce's confidant. Alfred also befriends the young Dick Grayson.", "Family Affair, which aired from 1966 to 1971, starred Brian Keith as Bill Davis, a carefree swinging bachelor who suddenly found himself in custody of three orphans, whom he cared for with the assistance of his supercilious valet, Mr. French.", "When camp is over, the plan succeeds: Hallie goes to London, where she meets her mother, her grandfather , and the James family's butler, Martin (Kunz). Annie goes to California, where she meets her father, the Parker family's housekeeper, Chessy (Walter), their dog, Sammy , and Nick's fiancée, a young gold digger named Meredith Blake (Hendrix). Distressed by Meredith's deviousness, Annie telephones Hallie and persuades her to bring Elizabeth to California to break up the engagement. Soon the girls' identities are discovered, and, except for Nick and Meredith, who remain unaware of the switch, their newfound family members tearfully welcome them.", "A scatterbrained socialite hires a vagrant as a family butler...but there's more to Godfrey than meets the eye.", "Family Affair is an American sitcom that aired on CBS from September 12, 1966 to March 4, 1971 (Repeats were broadcast through September 9.) The series explored the trials of well-to-do engineer and bachelor Bill Davis (Brian Keith) as he attempted to raise his brother's orphaned children in his luxury New York City apartment. Davis' traditional English gentleman's gentleman, Mr. Giles French (Sebastian Cabot), also had adjustments to make as he became saddled with the responsibility of caring for 15-year-old Cissy (Kathy Garver) and the 6-year-old twins, Jody (Johnny Whitaker) and Buffy (Anissa Jones). ", "James Stevens (Mr Stevens) – the narrator, an English butler who serves at Darlington Hall. He is a devoted butler with high standards and particularly concerned with \"dignity\"", "A butler is a domestic worker in a large household. In great houses, the household is sometimes divided into departments with the butler in charge of the dining room, wine cellar, and pantry. Some also have charge of the entire parlour floor, and housekeepers caring for the entire house and its appearance. A butler is usually male, and in charge of male servants, while a housekeeper is usually a woman, and in charge of female servants. Traditionally, male servants (such as footmen) were rarer and therefore better paid and of higher status than female servants. The butler, as the senior male servant, has the highest servant status. He can also be sometimes used as a chauffeur.", "Mr. Thomas Rogers, the butler and Mrs. Rogers's husband. He and his weak-willed wife, whom he dominated, killed their former elderly employer by withholding her medicine, causing the elderly woman to die from heart failure, to inherit the money she had left them in her will. The fourth victim, he was killed with an axe while chopping wood.", "Cabot, Sebastian (1918-Aug.23), English-born actor who played the philosophical valet in the television series Family Affair in the 1960s.", "Mr. Butler from the Phryne Fisher novels. He keeps Phryne's eccentric household running like clockwork and is never put out by any request, no matter how odd.", "Cecil Gaines was a sharecropper's son who grew up in the 1920s as a domestic servant for the white family who casually destroyed his. Eventually striking out on his own, Cecil becomes a hotel valet of such efficiency and discreteness in the 1950s that he becomes a butler in the White House itself. There, Cecil would serve numerous US Presidents over the decades as a passive witness of history with the American Civil Rights Movement gaining momentum even as his family has troubles of its own. As his wife, Gloria, struggles with her addictions and his defiant eldest son, Louis, strives for a just world, Cecil must decide whether he should take action in his own way.", "VC, 6' 5\" John Dierkes, who occasionally worked with Jim, was mentioned here a while back. I recently come across some pictures of the 1964 auditions for Lurch in TV's \"The Addams Family\", and John appeared to be one of two \"unidentified actors\" unsuccessfully competing for the butler role that went to Ted Cassidy. The other (younger) guy may have been 6' 5\" actor Paul Wexler, or could have been a very young James Cromwell. Check out Getty images - \"Ted Cassidy\" and see what you think.", "Eugene Allen was the real-life butler who worked for eight different United States presidents over his 30-year career at the White House. His dutiful service inspired the 2013 movie Lee Daniels’ The Butler featuring Forest Whitaker’s character Cecil Gaines.", "Butlers were head of a strict service hierarchy and therein held a position of power and respect. They were more managerial than \"hands on\"—more so than serving, they officiated in service. For example, although the butler was at the door to greet and announce the arrival of a formal guest, the door was actually opened by a footman, who would receive the guest's hat and coat. Even though the butler helped his employer into his coat, this had been handed to him by a footman. However, even the highest-ranking butler would \"pitch in\" when necessary, such as during a staff shortage, to ensure that the household ran smoothly, although some evidence suggests this was so even during normal times. ", "In the season 4 episode \"Mind Games\", it is revealed that Templeton Peck is not his real name. In season five (\"Family Reunion\"), Face learns that his father was a man named A.J. Bancroft and that his birth name is Richard, and he has a half-sister named Ellen. His assumed names in order are Richard Bancroft, Alvin Brennar, Al Brennan, Al Peck, Holmes Morrison, Morrison Holmes, and finally Templeton Arthur Peck. [7]", "In Britain, the butler was originally a middle-ranking member of the staff of a grand household. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the butler gradually became the senior, usually male, member of a household's staff in the very grandest households. However, there was sometimes a steward who ran the outside estate and financial affairs, rather than just the household, and who was senior to the butler in social status into the 19th century. Butlers used always to be attired in a special uniform, distinct from the livery of junior servants, but today a butler is more likely to wear a business suit or business casual clothing and appear in uniform only on special occasions.", "Note that The Jeeves, even if a valet, is not prone to the No Hero to His Valet plot, generally having a clear view of his master's faults and virtues, though he may, on occasion, allow his view of the former to jaundice his view of the latter.Usually a Hypercompetent Sidekick . Complete opposite of the Bumbling Sidekick .", "Unfortunately, some members of the Family Affair cast met with an early demise with two passing under unpleasant circumstances. Sebastian Cabot had a terminal stroke at 59 years of age. Anissa Jone was found dead at age 18 from a drug overdose. While Brian Keith lived to age 75, he took his own life by shooting himself. It is somewhat understandable why he felt the need to do this as he had been suffering from terminal cancer for quite some time. To make matters even much worse, his daughter had also taken her own life just two months earlier!", "In the episode \" The Fleshy Part of the Thigh \", it was disclosed to Paulie that his dying Aunt Dotty, a nun, was actually his mother. She had become pregnant with him by a soldier identified only as \"Russ\" during World War II. Nucci, the woman Paulie had thought of as his mother, was really his aunt who took him in to hide the scandal. This flabbergasting ascertainment sent Paulie into an emotional tailspin, in the grips of which he severed his ties to his Nucci and did not attend Dotty's funeral. The episode ended with Paulie extorting $4,000 per month (the sum of Nucci's retirement home costs) from the son of the late owner of the Barone Sanitation company, unbeknown to Tony. Earlier, Paulie had witnessed Helen Barone meet with Tony to intercede on her son's behalf, and Tony promised that he would not be harmed; hearing this conversation led Paulie to break down emotionally. This means that Little Paulie Germani is not his nephew, but his first cousin once removed, although he still referred to Little Paulie as his nephew.", "After a short while, another client is shown in – a fair, bearded man who goes by the name of Prince Vladiroffsky, and who starts to use the codes communicated to them by Mr Carter. Upon being questioned, the Beresfords tell him that treachery is afoot. \"No. 16\" assumes that Tuppence is an agent known as \"Marise\" and suggests that she lunch with him at the Blitz hotel, and that they then meet Tommy later on at Headquarters. They leave and Tommy communicates with Mr Carter, whose men have been listening in to the conversation in the office. Going to the Blitz, the \"Prince\" and Tuppence dine, served by waiters, some of whom are policemen in disguise. They then go up in the lifts to the \"Prince\"'s suite, but when they fail to appear some time later, the lift man tells Tommy and Mr Carter that he took them to a different floor instead. They have been spotted going into the room of a Mrs Van Snyder of Detroit and, breaking into this room, they find the room's occupant bound and gagged. \"No. 16\" took Tuppence through into an adjoining room booked by an invalid Frenchman and his nurse (more agents of No. 16) and made his escape that way with Tuppence as a hostage, drugged and disguised as the invalid.", "The only family of Tony's to ever visit him on the Street was his brother Pat, who arrived as his best man for his wedding to Carla in December 2008 . However Tony never actually invited Pat, it was his fiancée Carla. Tony was worried about his arrival as he claimed to Liam Connor that he had fallen out with his brother, in order to get him to the stag night to kill him, and also didn't want Maria Connor , Liam's widow, to discover who Pat was. There seemed to be a problem for the two brothers in the past due to Pat having an affair with Tony's first wife Lindsey , many years before Tony's arrival on the street. Pat didn't seem too surprised that Tony had many enemies on the Street, including Kevin Webster , Jed Stone and Roy Cropper . Pat left the Street shortly after the wedding and subsequently disowned Tony when it was discovered that he murdered Liam Connor and was sent to prison.", "The show follows the lives of the Mitchell family – Henry, Alice, and their only child, Dennis, an energetic, trouble-prone, mischievous, but well-meaning boy, who often tangles first with his peace-and-quiet-loving neighbor, George Wilson, a retired salesman, and later with George's brother John, a writer.", "While real butlers are expected to be unobtrusive and discreet, their fictional and film counterparts are often larger than life. Here are a few famous fictional butlers, in no particular order:", "All in the Family's storylines centered on the domestic concerns of the Bunker household in Queens, New York. Family patriarch and breadwinner Archie Bunker ( Carroll O'Connor ) was a bigoted loading dock worker disturbed by the changes occurring in the American society he once knew. To Archie, gains by the \"Spades,\" \"Spics,\" or \"Hebes\" of America (as he referred to Blacks, Hispanics, and Jews, respectively), came at his expense and that of other lower middle class whites. Countering Archie's harsh demeanor was his sweet but flighty \"dingbat\" wife, Edith. Played by Jean Stapleton , Edith usually endured Archie's tirades in a manner meant to avoid confrontation. But that was hardly the case with Archie's live-in son-in-law Mike Stivic ( Rob Reiner ), a liberal college student who was married to the Bunkers' daughter, Gloria (Sally Struthers). The confrontations between Archie and Mike (\"Meathead\") served as the basis for much of All in the Family's comedy. As surely as Archie could be counted upon to be politically conservative and socially misguided, Mike was equally liberal and sensitive to the concerns of minorities and the oppressed, and, because both characters were extremely vocal in their viewpoints, heated conflict between the two was assured.", "However, the FBI finds a potential mafia link to the White House through a woman, Judy Campbell, who shared phone calls, and possibly affairs, with both Kennedy and mob boss Sam \"Momo\" Giancana after being introduced by Sinatra to each. Kennedy's brother, attorney general Robert F. Kennedy, insists that the President cancel his stay at Sinatra's house and cut off all ties to the entertainer. This enrages Sinatra, who had sunk a lot of money and time into the renovation and had been at least partially responsible for Kennedy's being elected president.", "Family Matters is a sitcom about a middle-class African-American family living in Chicago, Illinois, which aired for nine seasons. The series was a spin-off of Perfect Strangers, but revolves around the Winslow family. Midway through the first season, the show introduced the Winslows' nerdy neighbor Steve Urkel (played by Jaleel White), who quickly became its breakout character and eventually a main character. Family Matters aired from 1989 to 1997 on ABC and on CBS from September 1997 to July 1998.", "Family Ties is an sitcom that aired on NBC for seven seasons from 1982 to 1989. The sitcom reflected the move in the United States from the cultural liberalism of the 1960s and 1970s to the conservatism of the 1980s. This was particularly expressed through the relationship between young Republican Alex P. Keaton (Michael J. Fox) and his ex-hippie parents, Elyse and Steven Keaton (Meredith Baxter-Birney and Michael Gross)." ]

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[ "John Logie Baird FRSE (; 14 August 1888 - 14 June 1946) was a Scottish engineer, innovator, one of the inventors of the mechanical television, demonstrating the first working television system on 26 January 1926, and inventor of both the first publicly demonstrated colour television system, and the first purely electronic colour television picture tube. ", "John Logie Baird FRSE (14 August 1888 – 14 June 1946) was a Scottish scientist, engineer, innovator and inventor of the world's first television; the first publicly demonstrated colour television system; and the first purely electronic colour television picture tube. Baird's early technological successes and his role in the practical introduction of broadcast television for home entertainment have earned him a prominent place in television's history.", "John Logie Baird (1888 – 1946) was a Scottish engineer and inventor, who demonstrated the first televised moving objects.", "... JOHN L. BAIRD, 58, British television pioneer, died June 14 at his home at Bexhill, Sussex. He produced one of the first practical tel...", "John Logie Baird was a Scottish inventor and one of the pioneers of the invention of television. Baird was born in 1888 in Helensburgh, Scotland, and was the youngest child of the Reverend John Baird and Jessie Morrison Inglis. He showed signs of resourcefulness even as a child, when he developed a small scale telephone exchange connecting his house with the neighboring ones. He studied at the Technical College in Glasgow but could not finish his degree due to the outbreak of World War I. Due to his persistent ill health, he was not deemed fit for military service, so he worked as the superintendent engineer at the Clyde Valley Electrical Power Company.", "Born in Helensburgh, Dumbarton. John Logie Baird was an engineer who invented the television in 1926 - he was the first to demonstrate a working television set and transmit a recognizable image. This is one of the Scottish inventions that the majority of the world use every day.", "The television was developed by Scotsman John Logie Baird (1888–1946) in the 1920s. In 1932 he made the first television broadcast between London and Glasgow.", "John Logie Baird is remembered as the inventor of mechanical television, radar and fiber optics. Successfully tested in a laboratory in late 1925 and unveiled with much fanfare in London in early 1926, mechanical television technology was quickly usurped by electronic television, the basis of modern video technology. Nonetheless, Baird's achievements, including making the first trans-Atlantic television transmission, were singular and critical scientific accomplishments. Lonely, driven, tireless and often poor, the native Scot defined the pioneering spirit of scientific inquiry.", "In 1932, while in England to raise money for his legal battles with RCA, Farnsworth met with John Logie Baird, a Scottish inventor who had given the world's first public demonstration of a working television system in London in 1926, using an electro-mechanical imaging system, and who was seeking to develop electronic television receivers. Baird demonstrated his mechanical system for Farnsworth. Baird's company directors pursued a merger with Farnsworth, paying $50,000 to supply electronic television equipment and provide access to Farnsworth patents. Baird and Farnsworth competed with EMI for the U.K. standard television system, but EMI merged with the Marconi Company in 1934, gaining access to the RCA Iconoscope patents. After trials of both systems, the BBC committee chose the Marconi-EMI system, which was by then virtually identical to RCA's system. The image dissector scanned well but had poor light sensitivity compared to the Marconi-EMI Iconoscopes, dubbed \"Emitrons.\"", "John Logie Baird ~ 1888-1946 ~ A native of Helensburgh and the actual inventor of television. He was the first to achieve transmission over any distance. He reproduced objects in outline (1924), transmitted recognizable human faces (1925) and on January 26, 1926 at 22 Frith Street in London, before a distinguished audience of scientists and radio engineers he demonstrated the first true television. In 1928 he demonstrated the first practical color television. In the same year, he invented the video disc, sent the first pictures from London to New York and the first from shore to ship. In 1929 Baird had launched his first television service via BBC transmitter and was broadcasting until 1935. In 1930 he marketed the first television sets, the Baird televisions and set up the first big screen in the London Coliseum. He also invented phonovision, a talking picture telephone, noctovision, which enabled sight in the dark, and three-dimensional television. Handicapped throughout his life by ill health and poverty, he had to try many things to keep economically afloat. He was the sometime producer of Osmo boot polish, Speedy Cleaner soap, and Baird's Trinidad Jam, among other things. While employed at a power plant, he even tried to turn coal dust into diamonds. Baird brought a great deal of energy to bear on the coal dust, fuses were blown, Glasgow was blacked out for 11 minutes, and Baird was fired.14, 18", "Baird died in June of 1946. The work of John Logie Baird comprised a crucial break-through in television technology. Today, 95% of modern TV is pre-recorded, an approach recommended by Baird. A large amount of contemporary TV utilizes the film scanning system of Rank-Cintel, which absorbed Baird's Cinema Television. Baird's single electronic gun CRT development work in 1945 was eventually followed in the design of the Sony Trinitron tube. In a manner that today seems commonplace, his initial mechanical solution was quickly supplanted by newer technology, but his inventive work continued and his legacy continues. Baird succeeded in perfecting visual transmission systems others had long abandoned. His single-minded tenacity proves that most obstacles are no greater than the limits of the imagination.", "John Logie Baird (1888 – 1946) – television and self-education, 22 Frith Street. Baird was an electrical engineer who when forced by ill-health into early retirement, pursued a long held interest in transmitting pictures. In the summer of 1924 he rented a two room attic at 22 Frith Street and set it up as a laboratory. For the next 18 months he conducted a series of experiments that led to his demonstrating his “noctovision” to members of the Royal Institution at is laboratory on January 27th, 1926 – the first public demonstration of the medium. A number of people were working on picture transmission at the time. Baird’s system used infrared rays to communicate pictures from a darkened room. From there he went on to transmit pictures between London and Glasgow using telephone lines in 1927. A year later he used radio waves to transmit pictures between London and New York. His company, Baird Television Development Company, made the first programme for the BBC (broadcast on September 30, 1929). His mechanical system was only to have a short lifespan – it was replaced by an electronic system developed by Marconi and EMI.", "When Farnsworth traveled to England in 1932 while raising money in his legal battles with RCA, he met with John Logie Baird, a Scottish inventor who had developed mechanical-scan cameras, and was seeking to develop electronic television receivers. Baird demonstrated his mechanical system for Farnsworth. According to Farnsworth accounts, Baird explained \"the superiority of his system to Farnsworth\", but after watching several minutes of Farnsworth's version, he left the room without a word, \"having realized the futility of his efforts\". Baird had in fact supported a merger with Farnsworth's competitors in the U.K., Marconi. Marconi had a patent-sharing agreement with RCA, however Baird company directors decided instead to merge with Farnsworth. Baird's company directors paid Farnsworth $50,000 to supply electronic television equipment, and provide access to Farnsworth's television patents. Baird and Farnsworth competed with EMI for forming the standard UK television system. EMI however, merged with Marconi in 1934, gaining access to the RCA patents. After trials of both systems, the BBC committee chose the Marconi-EMI system, which was by then virtually identical to RCA's (Zworykin's) system.", "... later. | DEATH OF TELEVISION PIONEER LONDON, Friday. - Mr. John L ... . Baird, television pioneer, died to-day Bo suffered a general bre...", "27/1/1926. Scottish inventor John Logie Baird, aged 38, demonstrated the principle of transmitting moving images by radio. The demonstration was to members of the Royal Institution, at his workshop in Soho, London. He called this �television�.", "<LI>Baird, John Logie, Television and Me: The Memoirs of John Logie Baird. Edinburgh: Mercat Press , 2004. ISBN 1-84183-063-1 <LI>Kamm, Antony, and Malcolm Baird, John Logie Baird: A Life. Edinburgh: NMS Publishing, 2002. ISBN 1-901663-76-0 <LI>McArthur, Tom, and Peter Waddell, The Secret Life of John Logie Baird. London: Hutchinson, 1986. ISBN 0-09-158720-4 . <LI>McLean, Donald F., Restoring Baird's Image. The Institute of Electrical Engineers, 2000. ISBN 0-85296-795-0 . <LI>Rowland, John, The Television Man: The Story of John Logie Baird. New York: Roy Publishers, 1967. <LI>Tiltman, Ronald Frank, Baird of Television. New York: Arno Press, 1974. (Reprint of 1933 ed.) ISBN 0-405-06061-0 . </LI>", "John Logie Baird was born in 1888 near Glasgow. He had made money selling socks and soap. This business he sold off to follow his dream of inventing a television. It became an obsession and to survive he had to borrow money from friends and use whatever materials he could including scraps. By 1925, he was ready to give the first public display of a working television. The chosen place was Selfridges in Oxford Street, London. Shoppers saw slightly blurred but recognisable images of letters.", "According to Waddell, Baird is the only pioneer who deserves to be called the \"inventor\" of TV. \"Baird was the great innovator and pace-setter in television,\" says Waddell. \"He was the first to demonstrate it, and the leader when he died.", "Kerry Packer -�(17 December 1937 � 26 December 2005) Kerry Packer was the wealthiest Australian of his time being the head of a multi-billion dollar industry which included publishing, media and gaming. He owned what is known as the Nine Network and was one of the most influential men in Australia having a net worth of $6.5 billion in AUD at the time of his death in 2005. Kerry Packer was never really good at school and eventually became a victim of polio. Despite the experience Kerry continued to excel in athletics throughout his life and successfully attained great fortune.", "tvhistory.tv: John Logie Baird “On January 23, 1926, John Logie Baird (Scottish engineer and inventor) gave the world’s first public demonstration of a mechanical television apparatus to approximately 40 members of the Royal Institution at his laboratory on Frith Street. These were images of living human faces, not outlines or silhouettes, with complete tonal gradations of light and shade.” 60", "John Logie Baird was born in Scotland. He lived in the small fishing town of Helensburgh. His father John was a Christian church minister. His mother, Jessie Inglis, was from Glasgow.", "Baird came to Hastings, Sussex in the spring of 1923 after suffering a health breakdown. The south coast of England was then considered to have restorative powers, a view which shared by Baird of the sea air, having staged an earlier recovery with the help of the sea. The Baird family rented a house at 1 Station Road, across the road from the train station and London trains. A new company called John Logie Baird Ltd. had been formed to promote his recent inventions which included the \"Telechrome\", the world's first cathode ray tube for colour television.", "In 2002, Logie Baird was ranked number 44 in the BBC's list of the \"100 Greatest Britons\" following a UK-wide vote. In 2006, Logie Baird was also named as one of the 10 greatest Scottish scientists in history, having been listed in the National Library of Scotland's 'Scottish Science Hall of Fame'. The \"Baird\" brand name was first owned by Thorn-EMI and is now owned and used by the Brighthouse retail chain in the UK as a brand name for its televisions.", "Baird briefly dabbled in other business, and moved abroad for a short period of time before returning to London in 1920. It was then that he started to experiment with television. He was living in near poverty and had to borrow money from friends and family, while living in an attic. Yet, his obsession was such that he kept at it and was always sure that he would eventually succeed. Many inventors were keen on doing the same, including one named Arthur Korn, who had successfully transmitted still images up to that point. Baird did not have very sophisticated equipment at his disposal; in fact his “equipment” included an assortment of odds and ends such as a discarded hatbox, a pair of scissors, darning needles, bicycle lights and sealing wax.", "Among the many witnesses from the BBC and industry was one private citizen, John Logie Baird. His contribution was given in 6 parts:", "In 1928, Baird's company (Baird Television Development Company/Cinema Television) broadcast the first transatlantic television signal, between London and New York, and the first shore-to-ship transmission. In 1929, he became involved in the first experimental mechanical television service in Germany. In November of the same year, Baird and Bernard Natan of Pathé established France's first television company, Télévision- Baird -Natan. In 1931, he made the first outdoor remote broadcast, of the Epsom Derby . [19] In 1932, he demonstrated ultra-short wave television. Baird's mechanical system reached a peak of 240-lines of resolution on BBC television broadcasts in 1936, though the mechanical system did not scan the televised scene directly. Instead a 17.5mm film was shot, rapidly developed and then scanned while the film was still wet.", "In 1927 Baird transmitted a long-distance television signal over 438 miles of telephone line between London and Glasgow . He then set up the Baird Television Development Company Ltd, which in 1928 made the first transatlantic television transmission, from London to Hartsdale , New York , and the first television programme for the BBC . He televised the first live transmission of the Epsom Derby in 1931. He demonstrated a theatre television system, with a screen two feet by five feet, in 1930 at the London Coliseum , Berlin , Paris , and Stockholm .<SUP class=reference id=_ref-2> [3] </SUP> By 1939 he had improved his theatre projection system to televise a boxing match on a screen 15 feet by 12 (4.6 by 3.7 m).", "Baird’s success was founded upon being able to create the first moving, live, grayscale television image that came from reflected light. He was successful since he bettered the signal conditioning from both the video amplifier and the photocell. On the back of this success, the Scotsman, in the early 1920s, began to rent a workshop in Hastings, which he would use for his experimentations. After getting a massive electric shock and consequently being evicted by his landlord, Baird took his experiments to a workshop in London’s Soho neighborhood.", "Video: Who invented the television? How people reacted to John Logie Baird's creation 90 years ago - Telegraph", "In 1927 Baird transmitted a long-distance television signal over 438 miles of telephone line between London and Glasgow. He then set up the Baird Television Development Company Ltd, which in 1928 made the first transatlantic television transmission from London to Hartsdale, New York and also made the first television programme for the BBC. He televised the first live transmission of the Epsom Derby in 1931.", "By the late 1930s the Baird family enjoyed an affluent lifestyle in a large house in Sydenham, Kent, near the Baird company's laboratories and factory. This company went into receivership when broadcast television was stopped at the outbreak of war. ", "He became eccentric in later life, removing the carpets and much of the furniture from his home, and keeping three televisions running constantly (respectively tuned to BBC1, BBC2 and ITV, all with the sound turned down) with a fourth BBC2 in colour. One luxury was his Rolls-Royce Phantom. He never married and he died from cancer and heart disease at Boothtown Mansion, Halifax, where he had lived for all but two of his 86 years. Despite rumours of a personal fortune, his personal estate was admitted to probate in December 1976 at a value of £193,500. He was an agnostic, but his funeral was held at Boothtown Methodist Church, and he was cremated in Elland." ]

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[ "Pugsley Addams (Ken Weatherwax)-Pugsley is the son of Gomez and Morticia, who unlike the rest of the family, has a tendency to conform to more conventional standards now and then. He has a pet octopus named, Aristotle, is smart, kind and is very close to both his parents and his sister. Much like his father, he enjoys playing with blasting caps and is incredibly acrobatic, despite the fact that he is slightly overweight.", "Pugsley Addams is Gomez and Morticia's son and Wednesday's older brother. Kind-hearted and smart, occasionally conforming to \"conventional\" standards contrary to his family, he nevertheless shares a close bond with his parents and sister, the latter whom he often plays with. He also enjoys engineering various machines (sometimes with Gomez), playing with blasting caps, and his pet octopus Aristotle. Despite his pudginess, Pugsley is, like his father, exceptionally agile, able to out-climb a gorilla and hang from branches by his teeth.", "Pugsley Addams ( Ken Weatherwax ), Gomez and Morticia' son and Wednesday's older brother. Kind-hearted and smart, occasionally conforming to \"conventional\" standards contrary to his family, he still shares nevertheless a close bond with his parents and sister, the latter whom he often plays with. He also enjoys engineering various machines (sometimes with Gomez), playing with blasting caps, and his pet octopus, \"Aristotle.\" And he switches his electric trains onto the same track; when they collide he says things like, \"Swell wreck!\" Despite his pudginess, Pugsley is, like his father, exceptionally agile, able to out-climb a gorilla and hang from branches by his teeth.", "Hanna-Barbera responded to the popularity of the episode by giving the characters their own series. A total of sixteen half-hour episodes of The Addams Family cartoon series were made. It aired on NBC between September 8, 1973 and May 11, 1974. Jackie Coogan and Ted Cassidy reprised their roles as Uncle Fester and Lurch from the 1960s live-action series but the rest of the voice cast was different. Lennie Weinrib voiced Gomez, Janet Waldo voiced Morticia and Grandmama (called \"Granny\" in the series) and Cindy Henderson voiced Wednesday. A young, and not yet famous, Jodie Foster voiced Pugsley. In the series, the Addams family tour the USA in a strange vehicle which resembles a haunted house on wheels. The relationship between some of the characters is different to that in the 1960s TV series. Uncle Fester changes from being Morticia's uncle to being Gomez's brother and Granny is the mother of Morticia instead of Gomez. The series also introduced two new family pets; an alligator named Ali and an octopus named Ocho.", "The Addams Family is a group of fictional characters created by American cartoonist Charles Addams . The Addams Family characters have traditionally included Gomez , Morticia , Uncle Fester , Lurch , Grandmama , Wednesday , Pugsley , and Thing .", "The Addams Family is a group of fictional characters created by American cartoonist Charles Addams . Addams Family characters include Gomez , Morticia , Uncle Fester , Lurch , Grandmama , Wednesday and Pugsley .", "Gomez also has a brother, known as Cousin Itt (spelled as \"Cousin It\" in the movies and the pinball game), who often visits the family. He is short-statured and has long hair which covers his entire body from scalp to floor. Cousin Itt drives a 3-wheeled car: a Messerschmitt KR175.[3] Although in the series he is shown wearing opera gloves, it is unclear what, if anything, is beneath the hair. He is known to speak in a high-pitched nonsensical gibberish that only the family seems to understand. In the second animated series, Itt is a super-spy for the U.S. Government. In the movies he falls in love with a human woman, Margaret, and marries her after her first husband, Tully the lawyer, is disposed of by the Addams children. He and Margaret go on to have a child in Addams Family Values named \"What\" (from the obstetrician's reaction). In Addams Family Values, Cousin Itt performs the wedding of Fester, demonstrating he has some sort of title and legal power that is not explained in the movie.", "The Addams family consists of Gomez, Morticia, Pugsley, Wednesday, Uncle Fester, Grandmama, and Cousin Itt. The family is tended to by their butler, Lurch, and Thing, a disembodied hand (sometimes in a box) who is a childhood friend of Gomez.", "Pubert - In the 1993 film Addams Family Values , Gomez and Morticia have a third child, a son named Pubert (voiced by Cheryl Chase ), a mustachioed baby who seemed to escape certain death through random chance a number of times. At some points in the movie, flaming arrows that originate off screen fly by, with the implication that Pubert is the one who shot them. Originally conceived by Charles Addams for the character eventually named Pugsley in the 1960s television series, the name was rejected back then due to fears that 1960s network censors would not allow it because of its similarity to the words pubic and puberty. Pubert is referred to in the unrelated 1998 direct-to-video film Addams Family Reunion and the short-lived follow-up series that aired on Fox Family Channel , in which Wednesday stated that there used to be a third sibling, but that they ate it.", "In addition to Thing, the Addams family also have a tall, ghoulish manservant named Lurch. Lurch serves as a shambling, gravelly-voiced, Frankenstein's Monster-esque butler though he is a considerable 'Jack of all trades'. He tries to help around the house, although occasionally he botches tasks due to his great size and strength, but is otherwise considered quite a catch by the Addamses for his skill at more personal tasks (e.g. waxing Fester's head, amusing the children, etc). Surprisingly, he is often seen playing the harpsichord and organ with a great degree of skill and somewhat uncharacteristic enthusiasm. In Addams Family Reunion, Gomez states that Lurch is not really an Addams, and Morticia replies that Lurch has parts of many families, and that he has the heart of an Addams. Lurch also seems to have a certain level of imperviousness; in Addams Family Values, a 20-pound cannonball is dropped from the top of the Addams' mansion, landing directly on his head, seemingly with no ill effect. In the sitcom, he was capable of speech; beckoned by the pull of a noose-shaped rope which rang a loud thunderous gong he would answer with a signature monotone, brusque and bass-voiced, \"You rang?\". In the theatrical movies Lurch never spoke, using only grunts, sighs or simple gesticulations. The New Addams Family returned to the original style, right down to the noose bellrope that rang a gong. Lurch also seemed a little bit more polite than his earlier counterparts.", "In the 1993 film Addams Family Values , Gomez and Morticia have a third child, a son named Pubert (voiced by Cheryl Chase ), a mustachioed baby who seemed to escape certain death through random chance a number of times. At some points in the movie, flaming arrows that originate off-screen fly by, with the implication that Pubert is the one who shot them. Originally conceived by Charles Addams for the character eventually named Pugsley in the 1960s television series, the name was rejected back then due to fears that 1960s network censors would not allow it because of its similarity to the words \"pubic\" and \"puberty\".", "In the 1993 film Addams Family Values, Gomez and Morticia have a third child, a son named Pubert (voiced by Cheryl Chase), a mustachioed baby who seemed to escape certain death through random chance a number of times. At some points in the movie, flaming arrows that originate off-screen fly by, with the implication that Pubert is the one who shot them. Originally conceived by Charles Addams for the character eventually named Pugsley in the 1960s television series, the name was rejected back then due to fears that 1960s network censors would not allow it because of its similarity to the words \"pubic\" and \"puberty\".", "Grandmama is Gomez's mother in the 1960s live-action TV series and also The New Addams Family , where she is given the name \"Eudora Addams\". In both the movies and the animated TV series, the relation between Grandmama and Gomez seems to have changed from mother-son to mother-in-law. However, according to The Lurch Files website, this is not the case. She's only referenced as Morticia's mother in the movie series, having the name Esmeralda Frump (Most Addams Family fans consider the third movie, which actually gives the name, non-canon, so it's conceivable that Grandmama may have had another name. In the first movie, Morticia and Gomez note that \"Mother and Father Addams\" were killed by an angry mob, removing any possibility that Grandmama could be Gomez' mother in the movie-verse). Grandmama is a witch who deals in potions, spells and hexes of all kinds. She even dabbles in fortune-telling. Her trademarks are her shawl and frizzy hair. In the original TV series, Mother Frump exists as a separate character from Grandmama. In the animated series, Grandmama is referred to as \"Granny\". In the 1993 animated series Granny says, \"The name's Granny Frump\". [3] In the remake of the series (in which Pancho Addams does not appear), she is both Gomez and Fester's mother.", "The Addams Family were a macabre and wealthy family who lived on North Cemetary Ridge where the family members included rather odd individuals including Gomez who was the head of the house and had rather destructive instincts. His wife Morticia was the beautiful but somber lady of the house. Their oddball children were son Pugsley and morose daughter Wednesday. Grandmama was the family witch who notorious for casting spells on other family members. Uncle Fester was Gomez's wacky older brother who was always seemed to cause trouble. Lurch, their butler, was a seven-foot-tall warmed-over Frankenstein monster whose dialogue usually consisted solely of two words, \"You rang?\". Other recurring characters were Cousin Itt and Thing, a disembodied hand who was always willing to help out.", "That lovable family of creepy kooks is alive and well and living in their super-spooky mansion in Central Park. The Addams family, led by the elegantly gaunt and seemingly undead Morticia and her ever-devoted husband Gomez, is in turmoil. Their daughter Wednesday, now 18, finds herself falling in love-a sensation that is unsettling for both her and her family of endearing misfits. When the teen invites her new boyfriend, Lucas Beineke, over with his \"normal\" family to get better acquainted with the Addams household, comic chaos (including everything from an amorous giant squid to mixed-up potions to a scorching tango) ensues.", "Gomez is of Castilian origin, loved to smoke cigars, and would play destructively with his model trains. Of the names which Charles Addams suggested for the family, \"Gomez\" was the only one that was not \"ghoulish\" (in the manner of Morticia or Fester). When asked why he suggested the name Gomez for the character, Addams replied that he \"thought he the character had a bit of Spanish blood in him.\" However, Addams had trouble deciding whether the character should be Spanish or Italian. He decided that if he were Spanish he should be called \"Gomez\", but if Italian he would be \"Repelli\" (even though Gomez and Repelli are actually surnames). The final choice of first name was left up to actor John Astin. Gomez was typically seen wearing conservative businesswear long out of fashion, such as pinstripe suits and spats.", "TV ACRES: Fish & Other Marine Creatures > Octopus & Squid > Aristotle (The Addams Family)", "The Addams Family was created by Charles Addams who had worked together with famed sci-fi author Ray Bradbury on an idea about a wealthy, monstrous type family who lived among normal humans and had no idea that they were different in any way or that others were afraid of them. When Addams and Bradbury failed to procure a publisher for their idea, they split up. Bradbury continued the idea as \"The Elliot Family\" and Addams as \"The Addams Family\". The Addams Family appeared as single cartoons in the \"New Yorker Magazine\" from 1938 until Addams' death in 1988. There have been other Addams Family television series, Addams Family movies, and Addams Family video games.", "When the day draws to a close and the dinner bells rings at the Addams family, Morticia serves Gomez a number of strange delicacies. The family's daily diet includes such entrees as baked iguana, breast of alligator, broiled elephant hooves, casserole of spleen (with a pinch of hemlock), dwarf's hair pie, fricassee of toad, marinated gizzard of lizard, souffl� of aardvark, and tongue of yak. MMMM! Can't wait for an invite to dinner.", "* Grandmama Addams (played by Blossom Rock) – The mother of Gomez. She is a witch who conjures up potions, spells and hexes. She also dabbles in painting, playing the bagpipes, and fortune-telling, though with respect to the latter, she is a charlatan. Her given name is thought to be Esmeralda, but is only addressed as that name by Hester \"Franny\" Frump.", "* The games' sequel, The Addams Family: Pugsley's Scavenger Hunt (1993), also by Ocean Software, was based on the ABC animated series and was released for NES, SNES, and Game Boy (although the latter two were just 8-bit remakes of the first SNES game, swapping Pugsley's and Gomez's roles).", "The Addams family are also assisted by the Thing, a disembodied hand which emerges from various boxes around the house. The Thing was usually portrayed by the hand of Ted Cassidy (who also played Lurch) but sometimes by that of assistant director Jack Voghn. The character was always listed in the show's credits as being played by itself.", "Eimar - Referred to as \"Uncle\" by Charles Addams but as \"Cousin\" in the television series. He is a relative of the Addamses with multiple arms; though it is inconsistent as to how many he actually has, it ranges from three to eight. Though he only actually appears in two of Charles Addams's cartoons, he is referenced multiple times, usually in the form of a multi-armed sweater being knitted by Grandmama or Morticia. This reference is carried over to the television series, where Morticia is seen knitting him a turtleneck.", "The Addams Family is not your typical family: they take delight in most of the things that \"normal\" people would be terrified of. Gomez Adams is an extremely wealthy man, and is able to ... See full summary  »", "Cousin It may well be the strangest character in The Addams Family, and that’s saying a lot. (He wasn’t created by Charles Addams, but fits into the world perfectly nonetheless.) It is a short person – or at least we think he’s a person – completely draped in long, flowing hair. No one can see what’s under that mane. Apparently, It is a sexual being, as the movie finds him having an affair with the wife of a corrupt lawyer intent on snatching the Addams family’s money.", "Pugsley Uno Addams is a member of the fictional Addams family, created by cartoonist Charles Addams .", "The octopus ( or; plural: octopuses, octopodes or octopi; see below) is a cephalopod mollusc of the order Octopoda. It has two eyes and four pairs of arms and, like other cephalopods, it is bilaterally symmetric. It has a beak, with its mouth at the center point of the arms. It has no internal or external skeleton (although some species have a vestigial remnant of a shell inside their mantles), allowing it to squeeze through tight places. Octopuses are among the most intelligent and behaviorally diverse of all invertebrates.", "The Addamses are a satirical inversion of the ideal American family: an eccentric wealthy clan who delight in the macabre and are seemingly unaware that other people find them bizarre or frightening. They originally appeared as an unrelated group of 150 single-panel cartoons, about half of which were originally published in The New Yorker between their debut in 1938, and Addams's death in 1988. They have since been adapted to other media, including television series (both live and animated), films, video games and a musical.", "The Addamses are a satirical inversion of the ideal American family; an eccentric, wealthy clan who delight in the macabre and are unaware that people find them bizarre or frightening. They originally appeared as an unrelated group of 150 single panel cartoons, about half of which were originally published in The New Yorker between 1938 and Addams's 1988 death. They have since been adapted to other media, including television series (both live and animated), films, video games and a musical .", "The Addamses are a satirical inversion of the ideal American family; an eccentric, wealthy clan who delight in the macabre and are unaware (or simply don't care) that people find them bizarre or frightening. They originally appeared as an unrelated group of 150 single panel cartoons, about half of which were originally published in The New Yorker between their debut in 1938 and Addams's 1988 death. They have since been adapted to other media, including television series (both live and animated), films, video games and a musical.", "The Addamses are a satirical inversion of the ideal American family; an eccentric, wealthy clan who delight in the macabre and are unaware, or do not care, that other people find them bizarre or frightening. They originally appeared as an unrelated group of 150 single-panel cartoons, about half of which were originally published in The New Yorker between their debut in 1938 and Addams's death in 1988. They have since been adapted to other media, including television series (both live and animated), films, video games and a musical .", "Charles Addams began as a cartoonist in The New Yorker with a sketch of a window washer that ran on February 6, 1932. [5] His cartoons ran regularly in the magazine from 1938, when he drew the first instance of what came to be called The Addams Family, until his death in 1988. [5]" ]

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[ "After the movies hit their creative and economic nadir in the mid-’70s, Toho ended the series. The studio then licensed the character for toys, comics, games, and T-shirts, and even an animated Saturday morning American TV series (in which Godzilla had a wacky nephew named Godzooky). He we finally revived in 1984, with a film that once again raised the issue of nuclear power, and painted Godzilla as a tragic symbol. (The U.S. version downplayed these themes and again added Raymond Burr.) A new, more serious series of Godzilla movies began.", "The series follows the adventures of a team of scientists on the research vessel called the Calico, which is headed by Captain Carl Majors. The rest of the crew include scientist Dr. Quinn Darien, her nephew Pete, her research assistant Brock, and the ship's first mate, Carl. Also along for the ride is Godzooky, the \"cowardly cousin\" of Godzilla and Pete's best friend, who has a lighthearted role in the show. Godzooky can attempt to fly using the small wings under his arms. Whenever Godzooky tries to breathe fire, he usually just coughs up smoke.", "The Colossus of Atlantis is the seventh episode from the first season of Godzilla: The Original Animated Series (1978). The animated series follows the adventures of four sea explorers, which include Captain Carl Majors, scientist Darien Quinn, her nephew Pete and the team's first mate, Brock. In The Colossus of Atlantis, the city of Atlantis rises to the surface and the crew enjoys the opportunity to meet its inhabitants. Danger soon arises, however, when a robot built to guard the city malfunctions and becomes a threat to the city.moreless", "Although King Ghidorah's design has remained largely consistent throughout its appearances (an armless, golden-scaled winged dragon with three heads and two tails), its origin story has varied from being an extraterrestrial demon, a genetically engineered monster from the future, to being a guardian of ancient Japan. The character is usually portrayed as an archenemy of Godzilla and Mothra, though it has had one appearance as an ally of the latter. Despite rumors that Ghidorah was meant to represent the threat posed by China, which had at the time of the character's creation just developed nuclear weapons, director Ishiro Honda denied the connection and stated that Ghidorah is simply a modern take on the dragon Yamata no Orochi. ", "The only reason why characters from the Godzilla series (including Miki Saegusa, Professor Mazaki, Yasuaki Shindo, Ryuzo Dobashi, Chiaki Moriyuma and Takehito Fujio (from Godzilla vs. King Ghidorah), Major Akira Yuki, Koji Shinjo, Kiyoshi Sato, Doctor Okubo and Professor Chinatsu Gondo (from Godzilla vs. SpaceGodzilla)) are guest starring in this film is because those films involve monsters and the main characters (other than Scooby-Doo, Shaggy, and Scrappy-Doo) are monsters.", "Godzilla himself had a cartoon in the 1970s and the 98' Godzilla had an animated sequel starring its son. Logically, both cartoons featured Godzilla fighting other giant monsters.", "The show follows the adventures of the title character, Pac-Man, his wife Pepper Pac-Man, their child Pac-Baby, their dog Chomp-Chomp and their cat Sour Puss. The family lives in Pac-Land, a place in which the geography and architecture seem to revolve primarily around spheres and sphere-like shapes. Most episodes of the series center around the ongoing battle between the Pac family and their only known enemies, the Ghost Monsters: Blinky, Inky, Pinky, Clyde, and Sue. They work for Mezmaron, a mysterious figure who resembles Darth Vader from Star Wars and acts similarly to Gargamel (from another Hanna-Barbera show The Smurfs). His sole mission is to locate and control the source of \"Power Pellets\", which serve as the primary food and power source for the city, and also as the deus ex machina in virtually every episode. The second (and final) season later introduces Super-Pac and Pac-Man's nephew P.J.", "In 1962, Japan’s Toho Studios purchased the rights to King Kong from RKO for King Kong vs. Godzilla, their first color film featuring their popular giant radioactive lizard. It was based on King Kong vs. Frankenstein, an idea Willis O’Brien had conceived as a sequel to King Kong with the big ape battling a creature assembled from parts of giant animals. Unable to find an American studio interested, the project was adapted by Toho who replaced Frankenstein with Godzilla. Fans of O’Brien’s stop-motion work on the original were reportedly horrified by the idea of the big ape being played by a Japanese guy in a suit. While the costume is pretty ragged and expressionless, King Kong vs. Godzilla always been a fan favorite, a big colorful boy’s fantasy with ambitious miniature work, Universal monster stock music, and giants grappling and tumbling like colossal wrestlers. One highlight is when King Kong picks Godzilla up by his tail and whips him around the air like a ragdoll and another is Kong’s lively tussle with an octopus.", "The creature (clearly a man in a rubber suit) was even campier than the original who had debuted some eighteen years earlier in the original \"Godzilla\" (better known in native Japan as \"Gojira\" � the domestic release hit American shores two years later with added Raymond Burr scenes), but the big guy was still as much fun. Equally goofy and charming, and eons before Barney or \"Jurassic Park\" was even a glint in their creators' eyes, the big, lumbering fella (with a penchant for throwing in some martial arts moves), entertained kids of all ages with appearances in some twenty-two films.", "In the 1960s, Toho licensed the character from RKO for the films King Kong vs. Godzilla and King Kong Escapes . For more details on the Toho Kong see below .", "The Godzilla (ゴジラ Gojira?) film franchise is a series of films featuring the character Godzilla created and owned by Toho. The Godzilla film series is so far broken into three eras reflecting a characteristic style and corresponding to the same eras used to classify all kaiju eiga (monster movies) in Japan. The first two eras refer to the Japanese emperor during production: the Shōwa era, and the Heisei era. The third is called the Millennium era as the emperor (Heisei) is the same but these films are considered to have a different style and storyline than the prior era.", "In the animated series \" Frankenstein, Jr. and The Impossibles \" a boy scientist Buzz Conroy and his father Professor Conroy fight supervillains with the aid of a powerful heroic robot named \"Frankenstein Jr.\" who is like a mix between \" Gigantor \" and Frankenstein.", "update: Big Cartoon Database (http://www.bcdb.com/cartoon_characters/19666-Countdown.html) stated that Toho also co-produced the Jana segments as well, though not listed among the IMDB (just the Godzilla cartoon)...So confusing!!!", "The answer was soon forthcoming. Ghidrah (sometimes spelled Ghidorah[20]), a particularly nasty three-headed monster, was introduced and revealed to be Godzilla's mortal enemy. A new axis of evil. Monsters fighting other monsters. Presumably, we can't even create fictional monsters without dividing them into good and evil. Clearly, we are fascinated by the spectacle of a war fought by the monsters we conjure in our minds. In the film Ghidrah: King of the Monsters, it is revealed that Godzilla is a good guy, not a villain — his hatred of humans is the product of a series of unprovoked attacks by humans against him.", "In the 1960s, Japanese studio Toho licensed the character from RKO and produced two films that featured the character, King Kong vs Godzilla (1962) and King Kong Escapes (1967). Toho's interpretation differed greatly from the original in size and abilities.", "In the 1960s, Toho Studios from Japan licensed the character for the films King Kong vs Godzilla and King Kong Escapes. For more details on these versions of the character see below.", "* The Dragmas from the cartoon series Godzilla: The Series have a passing resemblance to dragons except they can't breath fire (or anything for that matter). Though they have two wings equipped with razor sharp claws, armoured hides, Triceratops-like heads (which are filled with razor sharp teeth) and three legs.", "Godzilla vs. Destoroyah , the 40th anniversary film, ended the Heisei series by having Godzilla fight a monster with origins related to the Oxygen Destroyer that killed him in the original film and then killing Godzilla off again; the film even ended with a brief montage of clips from the first film.", "Hedorah: [�Godzilla vs. Hedorah� (Godzilla vs. the Smog Monster)] 60-meter �flying pancake� garbage-eater with bulging eyes that leaves a sulphuric acid trail that grew into 120-meter amorph with red eyes, stumpy legs, pseudopods, long flat tail", "The Godzilla franchise film, The Return of Godzilla (1984), (aka Godzilla 1985, or Gojira) was a reboot and direct sequel to the original film Godzilla (1954) (aka Gojira). It returned to the original horror elements without schlocky, goofy, or campy scenes.", "The sequel ups the ante by starting with a couple missing persons (and one missing toad) cases and a secret admirer, and turns into the creation of Godzilla.", "* ''Franchise/DragonBall'': The manga started in late 1984 and ended in 1995. Three anime series were broadcast between 1986 and 1997, the first two adapting the manga. ''Anime/DragonBallKai'', a re-edit of [[Anime/DragonBallZ the second anime]], was broadcast between 2009 to 2015. Spawned two movies (''Anime/DragonBallZBattleOfGods'' and ''Anime/DragonBallZResurrectionF'') that are considered canon. A fourth anime series, ''Anime/DragonBallSuper'', began airing in June 2015. There are also a number of TV specials and [[OriginalVideoAnimation OVAs]]. Official {{Spin Off}}s like ''Manga/JacoTheGalacticPatrolman'' may also be included.", "In Kyo Kara Maoh! , Wolfram refers to his older (half) brother Gwendal not as 'Onii-san', but as the ultra-respectful 'Ani-ue'. (He doesn't refer to their Half-Human Hybrid middle brother Conrad by either, or acknowledge their relationship in any way, at least at first, due to Fantastic Racism , though he eventually gets over this.)", "Japanese honorifics don't translate well, so Tommy's nameless big brother in Digimon Frontier was named Yutaka in the dub. Tommy thinks of the protagonist, Takuya, as an honorary big brother, and Takuya also has a little brother himself.", "In a dub episode for the 2003 Astro Boy series, there's a guy named Boris Alucard. Eenie meenie mynie mo, catch a bad guy by the toe...", "Science Ninja Team Gatchaman : A Tyrannosaurus skeleton, powered by magnetism, makes an appearance in The Skeleton Curse.", "Being a dragon,he does have that rather unfortunate habit of torching things at random.Although we only ever see white smoke coming out of his nostrils as flames are notoriously difficult to represent using stop-motion animation. But,fortunately,kids of a nervous disposition are regularly reminded that he's only a small,young dragon.And he's also given a softly spoken voice complete with a very disarming lisp to make him even more palatable.And he makes a couple of appearances in the sequel as well.", "is a kaiju film monster that first appeared in the Toho's 1964 film Ghidorah, the Three-Headed Monster. Although Toho officially trademarks the character as King Ghidorah the character is usually referred to as Ghidrah in English markets. ", "Yami no Matsuei (Descendants of Darkness) has played with this. In the Kyoto arc, Muraki goes on a serial killing spree, partially to draw Tsuzuki's attention, and partially to try and create a Frankenstein monster styled body with which to resurrect his hated brother so he can kill him with his own hands. Did I mention this guy's a psycho?", "Animated Adaptation : Two animated series, as noted above, as well as the spin-off film The Lake of Sharks. Steven Spielberg and Peter Jackson's new trilogy is a computer-animated adaptation.", "The Demon's Quest Part 2: Kenji Hachizaki; Nakamura Production, Dong Yang (same as above), Anime Spot (Key, Assistant and In-Between Animation).", "Despite being dubbed by 4Kids, Pok�mon frequently averted this, especially in the movies and during Kanto. It also played it straight as many references to dying and death from the Japanese version were censored or replaced with euphemisms." ]

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[ "When Rue McClanahan and Betty White were first hired for the series, it was with the intent of Betty playing man-hungry Blanche, and Rue the naïve Rose. However, both actresses felt that those roles were too similar to characters they'd recently played: Rue's Vivian on Maude and Betty's Sue Ann Nivens on The Mary Tyler Moore Show. They asked the producers if they could switch roles, and after the first table reading it was agreed that the change was a brilliant idea.", "* The plot of the film has been used numerous times, frequently as an outright homage to the film, with one notable example being a 1974 episode of The Mary Tyler Moore Show, \"A New Sue Ann\". In the episode, the character of Sue Ann Nivens (Betty White), hostess of a popular local cooking show, hires a young, pretty and very eager fan as her apprentice and assistant, but the neophyte quickly begins to sabotage her mentor, in an attempt to replace her as host of the show. Sue Ann, however, unlike Margo Channing, prevails in the end, countering the young woman's attempts to steal her success and sending her on her way. ", "The series also starred Betty White as the naive Rose and Rue McClanahan as the saucy Blanche. All four won Emmys for their portrayals; Arthur's came in 1988.", "*Another episode saw Amnesiac John Doe #6, a recurring character played by Oliver Clark, watching an episode of The Mary Tyler Moore Show on a hospital TV and started believing himself to be that series' lead character Mary Richards; during the episode, Doe greeted a visiting Naval officer (from a concurrent storyline) as Moore's Sue Anne Nivens; the officer, played by Betty White (who played Sue Anne) responds, \"I'm afraid you've mistaken me for someone else.\"", "On Tuesday, January 17, we celebrate a true American treasure. Actress Betty White, famed for her roles as Sue Ann Nivens on \"The Mary Tyler Moore Show\" and Rose Nylund on \"The Golden Girls,\" marks her 95th birthday. White's career has touched every ...", "She was from a tiny town in Minnesota, she was naive and she started stories that she couldn't finish. As played by Betty White, Rose Nylund was a something of a goofball, but a lovable goofball and the soul of \"The Golden Girls.\"", "Rose Lindstrom Nylund (Betty White) is the innocent Minnesota dumb (bleached) blonde of the girls. She is very sweet and kind to animals but can be persistant and annoying. She can be mean and insulting on some occasions, though, especially to...", "After her divorce from Stanley Zbornak, in which she kept her married surname, Dorothy Zbornak moved into a house in Miami, Florida, with widows Blanche Devereaux (owner / co-owner (all the girls decided that they should all own the house in one episode due to the building codes) of the house, played by Rue McClanahan) and Rose Nylund (Betty White). Shortly thereafter, Dorothy's mother, Sophia Petrillo, moved in after her nursing home, Shady Pines, burned down. This was a running gag during the show's run, where Sophia would often refer to Shady Pines as a prison, and Dorothy would defend it as a lovely retirement village. Other times, when Dorothy would become exasperated with her mother or try to get Sophia to listen to her, Dorothy would threaten \"Shady Pines, Ma!\", after which Sophia would immediately fall in line. Dorothy shared a unique relationship with her roommates, one often laced with her famously sardonic comments; the four shared a home for seven years, and in more than one episode it was pointed out that, despite a lack of blood ties, they were as much a family as any other household.", "Perhaps the most classic of all SNL episodes would come in its 35th season, when comedy legend Betty White hosted the Mother’s Day episode. After appearing in a Super Bowl Snickers commercial, a Facebook campaign was started demanding White be allowed to host Saturday Night Live. When the page generated close to half a million “likes”, Lorne Michaels knew he had to give into popular demand. Ms. White, then 88 years old, hosted and gave the show its highest ratings in years, generating 12.1 million viewers. White’s appearance as host also prompted many female cast members who had departed SNL years before to return just to be able to work alongside the comedy legend, including Maya Rudolph, Tina Fey, and Amy Poehler. Former cast members Molly Shannon and Ana Gasteyer also returned, reprising their “Delicious Dish” sketch in which White’s character reveals her “Dusty Muffin”. The episode exposed Betty White to a younger viewing audience and revived her career.", "Bea Arthur and Betty White were personally distant when not working. This never came across publicly in press, and both acted as consummate professionals on set as each knew the importance of the other to the overall success of the show. It also didn't dull the experience or the enjoyment of doing the show for either one. Betty White has always expressed nothing but love and admiration for Bea Arthur. It was only after Arthur's death in 2009 that she revealed their differences were real and due to a fundamental personality clash with Arthur becoming easily irritated by White's positive, perky demeanor. ", "*On \"Questions and Answers\", a season 7 episode of The Golden Girls aired February 8, 1992, Dorothy Zbornak (Bea Arthur) auditions for Jeopardy!, but despite her excellent show of knowledge, she is rejected by a contestant coordinator who feels that America would not root for her. In a dream sequence, Dorothy competes against roommate Rose Nylund (Betty White) and neighbor Charlie Deitz (David Leisure), in a crossover from Empty Nest. Trebek and Griffin appear as themselves in the dream sequence, and Gilbert provides a voice-over. ", "Betty can be considered the least developed character in the show, as she is rarely seen not following the lead of either Barney or Wilma, the latter of whom she often seems merely an echo of, generally. In spite of this, Betty is shown to have a distinctly emotional marriage with Barney, which more often included pet names and a more obvious affection, as opposed to the more dynamic and energetic interaction between Fred and Wilma. The occasions when Betty leads the action are extremely scarce: one episode centers around her working undercover as a gentle old lady to earn money for a present for Barney, and on another occasion the plot for her and Wilma was led by her suspicions of Barney being involved with another woman (which turns out to be Fred in a disguise contrived in order to attend a ball game free of charge). This lack of protagonism (almost as background-set as supporting characters such as Pebbles, Bamm-Bamm or Dino, except for her more continuous presence) makes Betty less of a protagonist as is implied by the general concept of the show.", "Betty is rarely seen failing to follow the lead of Barney or Wilma, so may appear to be the least developed character in the show. In spite of this, Betty is portrayed as having a distinctly emotional marriage with Barney, which often includes pet names and more obvious affection than the dynamic and energetic interaction between Fred and Wilma. Occasions when Betty leads the action are extremely scarce: one episode centers around her working undercover as a gentle old lady to earn money for a present for Barney; in another the plot focuses on her and Wilma's suspicions of Barney being involved with another woman (who turns out to be Fred in a disguise in order to attend a ball game free of charge). This lack of protagonism (her continuous presence almost becoming a backdrop for supporting characters Pebbles, Bamm-Bamm and Dino) makes Betty less of the lead that the show's general concept might imply.", "*In The Golden Girls fifth-season episode \"An Illegitimate Concern\", Sophia (Estelle Getty) and Dorothy (Bea Arthur) dress up as Sonny and Cher, respectively, to rehearse for a mother-daughter talent show, singing \"I Got You Babe\" while Rose (Betty White) accompanies them on the piano. The episode aired February 12, 1990. Bea Arthur often said later in interviews that this was her favorite moment from the series run.", "Her mentor Carol Burnett guest starred on her own talk show in the 1990s more than any other celebrity with at least five appearances. Friend and Actress Betty White appeared four times.", "In the first few episodes of the series, particularly the first episode, Wilma (as is Betty) is portrayed as a domestically abusive wife, throwing a tantrum and physically assaulting her husband (or at least attempting to do so) upon discovering that he and Barney had fooled her and Betty so that they could go bowling, despite the fact that Fred had a bandaged head injury to the point that he and Barney actually run away on the Flintstone Flyer, and even after six hours, she and Betty show no remorse for their behaviour and look forward to hurting their husbands again once they land. Also, in the same episode, she and Betty are shown to be willing to assault their husbands violently in public without second thoughts, demonstrated when they bash Fred and Barney over the heads with their heavy handbags in the bowling alley in front of their teammates and several other players. In subsequent episodes, she is shown to get angry but never harms Fred seriously, often lecturing him or slapping him for his exceptionally bad behaviour. For example, in the 21st episode of Season 2, Wilma can be seen biting Fred's finger when he points at her.", "Romantically, the unattached Betty also had to deal with her ex-boyfriend Walter Tabachnik, who dumped her but wanted back in whether she liked it or not. Betty and Walter were once an item and her family thought he would be the person who would marry her, but he dumped her for Gina Gambarro, the Suarez's next door neighbor. When Betty found out Gina used him just to get a TV (which she later broke), Betty decided she wanted nothing to do with Walter, despite Gina's explanation of what happened. However Betty did take him back and was willing to work out their relationship, which was hampered by Betty's family being more supportive of Walter, especially Hilda, who wanted to keep the two together. But that became more difficult after Betty exhibited feelings towards Henry Grubstick, the accountant working at Betty's workplace.", "The Betty White Show was briefly rerun on Nick at Nite and TV Land in the 1990s.", "Betty Applewhite ( Alfre Woodard ) is a single mother with strong religious beliefs and is a former concert pianist. In the first episode of Season 2, she agrees to be the organist at Rex Van de Kamp 's funeral on the request of Bree Van de Kamp . Betty is an astute woman not to be trifled with, as revealed in the subsequent unpleasant and threatening exchanges with Bree. Her reasons for moving from Chicago to Wisteria Lane are mysterious and rather quick due to the fact she has locked up her son Caleb in her basement. She bought the Wisteria Lane house over the phone and had moved in the middle of the night, arousing the suspicions of the housewives thereafter. She eventually revealed to Bree Van de Kamp that Caleb had murdered Matthew's girlfriend Melanie Foster at a local lumberyard.", "Betty White, who is having her own career resurgence in her 80s, won for TV comedy actress for “Hot in Cleveland.”", "Betty Applewhite is a fictional character played by actress Alfre Woodard on the ABC television series Desperate Housewives. The character is introduced in the last episodes of the series' first season, and becomes the center of the mystery of the second season, along with her two sons, Matthew and Caleb.", "Rhonda Lee (Leslie Easterbrook) is a tall, voluptuous ditzy blonde actress/singer/dancer/model trying to make it big. She is Laverne and Shirley's neighbor and a regular character after they move to Burbank. Rhonda usually (always?) refers to herself in the third person, by her first name. Rhonda often bursts into Laverne and Shirley's apartment (occasionally at inopportune times, much like Lenny and Squiggy often do) to borrow things without really asking and to brag about her social engagements or romantic dates with desirable men with the intention of making the girls envious.", "ORIGINAL EPISODES OF BETTY WHITES OFF THEIR ROCKERS TO AIR JUNE 25 & JULY 9; ED ASNER GUEST STARS IN SEASON FINALE", "After Fatal Attraction was released, Ellen's career started to take off. She appeared in numerous movies, TV shows, and even on Broadway. But possibly her most memorable role was as Randy Quaid's daughter \"Ruby Sue\" in National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation. Considered one of the greatest Christmas movies of all-time, this film still captures the hearts and funny bones of millions around the globe. Ellen won over audiences with her classic scene where she mistakes Chevy Chase for Santa Claus, uttering the now infamous line \"Shittin' bricks\".", "* Mad Men season 2 episode, the comedian Jimmy Barrett suggests that Betty Draper arrive at a party on her horse, \"like Lady Godiva\". In the Mad Men Season 5 episode, \"The Other Woman\", Peggy Olson transforms Michael Ginsberg's ad concept for Château Cheval Blanc, about a leather-jacketed bar patron in London (which the client dislikes), into a Paris-based \"Lady Godiva\"-like pitch (which the client likes) on the spot. ", "During the 1940's and 1950's, Mary Jane became one of a company of much in-demand voice actresses (along with performers Lurene Tuttle , Howard Duff and Bea Benaderet , whom she befriended), comedy inevitably being her forte. She acted on \"The Mel Blanc Show\" (1946), as the love interest \"Leila Ransom\" on \"The Great Gildersleeve\" (1950), \"Blondie\" (1950), \"The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes\" (1950), the family friend on The Adventures of Ozzie & Harriet , and the voice of basset hound \"Cleo\", owned by Jackie Cooper , on The People's Choice (1955-56). Her best-known pre-Lucille role was as \"Daisy Enright\", the nemesis of \"Our Miss Brooks\", which starred Eve Arden and Gale Gordon (both on radio and, subsequently, on TV). Mary Jane re-enacted the part for three seasons in the television series, produced by Desilu.", "* Carol \"Pinky\" Tuscadero (Roz Kelly) (season 4; 3 episodes) – Former girlfriend of Fonzie and a traveling demolition derby driver.", "Betty Rizzo (Stockard Channing) Rizzo is the promiscuous leader of the Pink Ladies. She and Kenickie have a relationship and things take an unexpected turn. She projects a tough exterior and doesn't let anything get to her.", "* Heather Young, best known for playing Betty Hamilton on the television series Land of the Giants", "Rhoda is an American sitcom starring Valerie Harper which aired a total of 109 half-hour episodes and one hour-long episode over five seasons from September 9, 1974 to December 9, 1978. The show was a spin-off of The Mary Tyler Moore Show, in which Harper between the years 1970 and 1974 had played the role of Rhoda Morgenstern, a spunky, weight-conscious, flamboyantly fashioned Jewish neighbor and native New Yorker in the role of Mary Richards' best friend. After four seasons, Rhoda left Minneapolis and returned to her original hometown of New York City. The series is noted for breaking two television records, and was the winner of two Golden Globes and two Emmy Awards.", "Rhoda is an American television sitcom starring Valerie Harper and was a spin-off from The Mary Tyler Moore Show which ran for five seasons between 1974-1978. Harper played the lead role of Rhoda Morgenstern, who was the spunky, weight conscious, flamboyantly-fashioned best friend of Mary Richards who left Minneapolis and returned home to New York City. The series was a ratings success (even beating its parent show) and was also the winner of two Golden Globes and two Emmy Awards. Rhoda was filmed in front of a live audience at CBS Studio Center, Stage 14 in Studio City, California.", "Date of Birth: August 8, 1930 Who is the white dog that is featured with Betty Boop?" ]

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[ "During the course of the series, Roseanne Arnold divorced Tom Arnold and changed her name to simply Roseanne. In the season-opener after the divorce, every cast and crew member in the opening and closing credits was listed onscreen by first name only. See more »", "Roseanne the character announced her pregnancy in Season 7 about three months before Roseanne the person actually conceived via IVF, which explains why the TV character carried her baby for just over a year in TV time. To further confuse matters, in the \"Maybe Baby\" episode, Roseanne and Dan were informed by her obstetrician (after an amniocentesis) that she was carrying a girl. Of course, during a later Halloween episode Roseanne gave birth to a baby boy whom she named Jerry Garcia Conner. The reason for the switch was two-fold; Roseanne Barr Pentland Arnold Thomas wanted her show to reflect her real life (and her real-life baby, Buck, was a boy), plus she wanted to honor the (then) recently deceased Grateful Dead singer, Jerry Garcia.", "Roseanne Barr's story is one of the most controversial of any actresses. She dropped out of high school when she was 17 years old. After a car accident, she was admitted to a mental institution, claiming she was having nightmares and memory loss. She left the institute less than a year later. Soon after, she gave birth to her first daughter, Brandi Brown, and gave her up for adoption. She began working at a restaurant as a dishwasher and waitress. Her hilarious comments to the customers she waited on led her to doing standup comedy at the restaurant. After her first TV appearance on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson (1962) in 1985, she wound up in her own standup comedy HBO show, On Location: The Roseanne Barr Show (1987). This led to the highly popular sitcom Roseanne (1988) , co-starring John Goodman , which dealt with real-life issues in a lower middle-class working family. During its first season on ABC, it leaped to #2. After the sitcom's first season, Roseanne Barr gained notoriety when she gave a screeching, crotch-grabbing performance of \"The Star Spangled Banner\" at a baseball game. When Roseanne divorced her first husband, _Bill Pentland_, after 16 years of marriage in 1990 and married Roseanne (1988) co-star Tom Arnold only four days later, her sitcom was already beginning its downward spiral. In 1991, she started to be billed as Roseanne Arnold.", "Roseanne is an American sitcom that was broadcast on ABC from October 18, 1988, to May 20, 1997 with 222 half-hour episodes produced over nine seasons. [1] Starring Roseanne Barr, the show revolved around the Conners, an Illinois working-class family. The series reached #1 in the Nielsen ratings becoming the most watched television show in the United States from 1989 to 1990, and remained in the top four for six of its nine seasons, and in the top twenty for eight seasons. In 1993, the episode \"A Stash from the Past\" was ranked #21 on TV Guide's 100 Greatest Episodes of All-Time. [2] In 2002, Roseanne was ranked #35 on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time. [3]", "Roseanne is an American sitcom that was broadcast on ABC from October 18, 1988, to May 20, 1997. Starring Roseanne Barr, the show revolved around the Conners, an Illinois working-class family. The series reached #1 in the Nielsen ratings becoming the most watched television show in the United States from 1989 to 1990, and remained in the top four for six of its nine seasons, and in the top twenty for eight seasons. In 1993, the episode \"A Stash from the Past&qu...", "The opening credits of Season 4 change from Season 3 in that the show now stars \"Roseanne Arnold\" instead of \"Roseanne Barr\".", "6. Among those who were on the \"Roseanne\" writing staff or penned episodes of the series: \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" and \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\" creator Joss Whedon; \"Gilmore Girls\" creator Amy Sherman-Palladino; \"The Big Bang Theory\" and \"Two and a Half Men\" creator Chuck Lorre; actor Steve Paymer; \"Saturday Night Live\" alum Norm Macdonald; and Roseanne's first two husbands, Bill Pentland and Tom Arnold. Lorre, in fact, drew Roseanne's ire earlier this month on Twitter , when she accused him of stealing one of her menopause jokes and using it on \"Two and a Half Men.\"", "Natalie West was cast as Roseanne's best friend and co-worker, Crystal Anderson. Crystal was consistently unlucky in love (with several failed marriages in her past) and her character alternated between naïve and just plain goofy. The character of Crystal was conceived during the original \"pitch\" meetings before the Roseanne show was sold \"“ after all, it's a golden rule of sitcoms that every main character needed a wacky friend or neighbor to \"bounce\" off. However, as the series progressed, it became evident that not only did Laurie Metcalf (\"Jackie\") and Roseanne Barr have better chemistry, it was also easier for the writers to concoct situations involving Roseanne and her sister than Roseanne and her best friend (especially since Crystal had a young son to care for). When Roseanne married Tom Arnold and he joined the cast as Arnie, Sandra Bernhard was brought aboard as Arnie's free-wheeling love interest (Nancy) in order to provide story lines for Roseanne's new hubby. With Jackie acting as Roseanne's best friend and Nancy providing the wackiness quotient, there wasn't much left for Crystal to do, so Natalie West was eliminated from the opening credits after Season Four and reduced to \"recurring character\" status.", "The show is centered on the Conners, an American working-class family struggling to get by on a limited household income in the fictional town of Lanford, Illinois. Lanford was nominally located in Fulton County, but other on-air references over the years suggest the town is in the vicinity of Aurora, Elgin, and DeKalb, which are much closer to Chicago. The family consisted of outspoken Roseanne, married to husband Dan, and their 3 children, Becky, Darlene, and DJ. Later in the series, Roseanne becomes pregnant again and giving birth to a boy named Jerry Garcia Conner.", "As the show became a success, the cast found themselves in strange situations, including a bizarre feud with Roseanne Barr and Tom Arnold.", "Season Nine was the final one for Roseanne, and it also marked the first time that the show failed to crack the top 25 in the Nielsen ratings. Not surprising, since the stories and characters had strayed far from their original Blue Collar premise. Sturdy, dependable Dan Conner suddenly left his family to head to California where he had an \"almost\" affair with a nurse. (This story arc was used to accommodate John Goodman's schedule; he had a burgeoning film career and hadn't wanted to return for the show's final season.) Then the Conners won $108 million in the Illinois lottery and went on a variety of bizarre spending spree-type adventures. Since the main source of comedy on the series was the family's never-ending struggle to pay their bills, this plot twist truly confounded the show's fans. However, there was some twisted Roseanne Barr reasoning behind the lottery episodes: she had purchased the U.S. rights to the hit British TV series Absolutely Fabulous, but had been unable to sell it to any of the major networks. So she simply turned her own show into Roseanne-Fab, and even had Joanna Lumley and Jennifer Saunders guest star in one episode for those who didn't \"get\" the joke.", "On the September 21, 1994 Season 7 premier; In celebrating Roseanne's divorce and dropping her last name... All credits (Opening and closing) only included the cast and crew's first names only. This was the only time this ever occurred in an episode during its run.", "*In the episode \"Trouble with the Rubbles\" of Roseanne, new neighbors move in and Jackie asks Roseanne if she knows anything about them. Roseanne jokingly replies, \"Well, okay, the husband, Darrin, he's in advertising, and they have this cute little daughter named Tabitha. But the wife, I don't know, something's wrong with her. I think she's a witch.\" In the episode \"Homecoming\", daughter Becky returns home after an extended absence from the series, and has been recast with a new actress (Sarah Chalke). In the epilogue, the Connors are watching Bewitched on television, discussing Darrin being replaced, and Becky muses, \"Well, I like the second Darrin much better\". In another episode, Roseanne states sarcastically that she tried \"twitching [her] nose\" to clean up the kitchen, but it didn't work.", "The season starts with Becky surprising Roseanne by asking for birth-control pills. Dan and Roseanne begin their new motorcycle repair shop business, Lanford Custom Cycle, while Roseanne continues to work at Rodbell's Department Store. Darlene meets David Healy (Johnny Galecki). (In his first appearance, the character was known as Kevin Healy.) After a brief stint working at a perfume counter, Jackie decides to become a truck driver. Nancy (Sandra Bernhard) is introduced as Arnie's fiancee. After a night of heavy drinking, Jackie discovers she slept with the newly engaged Arnie. Darlene undergoes a personality shift into a sullen goth teen. Booker makes a surprise appearance at a Halloween party. Roseanne's neighbor Kathy moves back to Chicago. Roseanne gets breast reduction surgery. Crystal gives birth to Dan's new half-brother, \"Little Ed.\" Roseanne and Dan accompany Arnie and Nancy to their wedding in Las Vegas. At the end of the season, Lanford Custom Cycle fails, and Rodbell's Luncheonette closes. Nancy is left alone after Arnie is \"abducted by aliens\". ", "In a late-1990s interview on radio's Howard Stern Show, Arnold admitted that his share of his and Barr's estate amounted to \"over $20,000,000\", including a percentage of the Roseanne ABC-TV series, but would not elaborate, citing a confidentiality clause. In 1994, Arnold appeared as the sidekick to Arnold Schwarzenegger's character in the James Cameron feature film True Lies. He was a host of The Best Damn Sports Show Period. He provided the voice for the Arby's \"Oven Mitt\" character in television commercials for the fast-food chain.", "With Thomas, she had her tubal ligation surgery reversed in order to become pregnant with her fifth child, Buck Thomas. In 1997, she slowly tried to be known as \"Roseanne Thomas.\" She was billed as Roseanne Thomas in the last 11 episodes of _Roseanne_ (as executive producer; she was still \"Roseanne\" in the cast credits), and she guest-starred in The Nanny (1993) as Roseanne Thomas in late 1997.", "21. The ninth season of \"Roseanne\" revolved around the Conner family winning $108 million in the lottery and found Goodman MIA in 12 of 24 episodes because of his busy film career. Critics and fans hated the storylines — which Roseanne had reportedly intended to be a \"Roseanne\"-ized version of \"Absolutely Fabulous,\" right down to guest appearances by \"Ab Fab\" stars Jennifer Saunders and Joanna Lumley. In an attempt to call a TV mulligan, the series finale, \"Into That Good Night,\" rewrote the relationships and Conner family fate, with Roseanne, in voice-over, revealing that Dan had actually died at the end of Season 8 when he suffered a heart attack at Darlene's wedding. But it was too little, too late, and the finale is universally regarded as one of the worst series enders ever.", "“A Stash From The Past” (season six, episode four): Roseanne and Dan’s nostalgia for their counterculture past is alluded to sporadically throughout the series (and forms the center of the also-great season-two episode “Born To Be Wild”), but “A Stash From The Past” mines it for one of the most purely funny episodes of the show’s run. The second act, in which Dan, Roseanne, and Jackie hole up in the bathroom after smoking some weed they found in the basement (and presumed to be David’s, before realizing it actually belonged to Roseanne long ago), features Goodman and Metcalf at their goofiest and makes its way toward a refreshingly reasonable anti-drug message: Pot seems a lot less fun the older you get and the more responsibilities you take on. ", "In September of 1998, Roseanne hosted her own syndicated talk show called \"The Roseanne Show\" which lasted until November of 2000. In the summer of 2003, Roseanne took on the dual role of hosting a cooking show called \"Domestic Goddess\" and starring in a reality show called \"The Real Roseanne Show,\" but an emergency hysterectomy put a halt on both projects. In 2004, Roseanne lent her voice to the Disney movie, \"Home on the Range\" as a cow named Maggie.", "Crossover : Eddy and Patsy appeared in a Halloween-themed episode of Roseanne that first aired in 1996. Eddy and Patsy meet Roseanne and Jackie at a high-profile cocktail party in New York. Upon hearing about Roseanne's multi-million dollar lottery winnings, Eddy wastes no time in becoming Roseanne's PR agent and talking her into funding a plan to clone Jackie Kennedy using the method from Jurassic Park. It Makes Sense in Context ...", "Recurring lesbian characters who came out were seen on Married With Children, Mad About You, and Roseanne, in which a highly publicized episode had ABC executives afraid a televised kiss between Roseanne and Mariel Hemingway would destroy ratings and ruin advertising. The episode was instead the week's highest rated. By far the sitcom with the most significant impact to the image of lesbians was Ellen. Publicity surrounding Ellen's coming out episode in 1997 was enormous; Ellen DeGeneres appeared on the cover of Time magazine the week before the airing of \"The Puppy Episode\" with the headline \"Yep, I'm Gay\". Parties were held in many U.S. cities to watch the episode, and the opposition from conservative organizations was intense. WBMA-LP, the ABC affiliate in Birmingham, Alabama, even refused to air the first run of the episode, citing conservative values of the local viewing audience, which earned the station some infamy and ire in the LGBT community. Even still, \"The Puppy Episode\" won an Emmy for writing, but as the show began to deal with Ellen Morgan's sexuality each week, network executives grew uncomfortable with the direction the show took and canceled it. ", "Actually, I think that now it's back to just Anderson, but you're right. Many people have mistakenly called her Lee-Anderson. On a talk show a couple years ago she was going to keep her married name so she'd have the same last name as her children, but I've since heard that she went back to Anderson.", "During the end credits, Tina Louise, Bob Denver, Russell Johnson, and Dawn Wells appeared as their Roseanne character counterparts. Sherwood Schwartz also appeared as himself, although his appearance is edited out in syndication.", "Throughout the run of the series, any \"generic\" nurses (those who had a line or two, but were minor supporting characters otherwise) were generally given the names \"Nurse Able\", \"Nurse Baker\", or \"Nurse Charlie\". During the Korean War, the letters A, B, and C in the phonetic alphabet were Able, Baker, and Charlie (since then, the standard has been updated; A and B are now Alpha and Bravo). In later seasons, it became more common for a real character name to be created, especially as several of the nurse actresses became semiregulars. For example, Kellye Nakahara played both \"Able\" and \"Charlie\" characters in season 3 before becoming the semiregular \"Nurse Kellye\"; however, Judy Farrell (at the time, Mike Farrell's wife) played Nurse Able in eight episodes, including the series finale.", "Ellen (originally titled These Friends of Mine during its first season but was changed so not to be confused with Friends) is an American television sitcom that aired on the ABC network from March 29, 1994, to July 22, 1998, consisting of 109 episodes. The title role is Ellen Morgan, played by stand-up comedian Ellen DeGeneres, a neurotic bookstore owner in her thirties. The series centered on Ellen's dealing with her quirky friends, her family and the problems of daily life. The series is notable for being one of the first with a main character to come out as gay, which DeGeneres' character did in the 1997 episode \"The Puppy Episode\". This event received a great deal of media exposure, ignited controversy, and prompted ABC to place a parental advisory at the beginning of each episode. The series' theme song (used in Season 3 onwards), \"So Called Friend\", is by Scottish band Texas. A running gag during the third and fourth seasons was that each episode had a distinct/different opening credits sequence (often with singing and dancing), resulting from Ellen's ongoing search for the perfect opening credits.", "A proposed American remake that would have starred Carrie Fisher and Barbara Carrera was put into motion by Roseanne Barr but never got off the ground. However, Barr did incorporate many elements of the show into the final season of her eponymous show Roseanne, in which her character wins the lottery: Saunders and Lumley reprised their characters Edina and Patsy, and Mo Gaffney also appeared in the episode, but not as her character Bo.", "While living in Denver, Roseanne gave birth to a daughter named Brandi in 1970, whom she gave up for adoption, but they have since reunited. In 1974, Roseanne married motel clerk Bill Pentland and they had three children: Jessica, Jennifer, and Jake.", "By the time the show was ready for presentation to CBS executives, a few more things had changed. Two of the characters (Geoff and Mike) were merged into one character called “Ronnie.” Ronnie later became “Fred,\" at the direction of Silverman.  The character Kelly was renamed to “Daphne,” Linda was now called “Velma,” and Shaggy (formerly \"W.W.\") was no longer her brother.", "ABC , Arnold family , Danica McKellar , dramedy , Emmy Award , Fred Savage , Paul Pfeiffer , The Wonder Years , TV , Winnie Cooper", "Ellen (originally titled These Friends of Mine during its first season but was changed so not to be confused with Friends) is an American television sitcom that aired on the ABC network from March 29, 1994, to July 22, 1998, consisting of 109 episodes. The title role is Ellen Morgan, played by stand-up comedian Ellen DeGeneres, a neurotic bookstore owner in her thirties.", "In 1997, Ellen made television history when the title character came out as a lesbian in the famous \"Puppy Episode.\" (DeGeneres herself had come out earlier that year on The Oprah Winfrey Show and in TIME.) To ensure a memorable moment, the coming out scene was made into a gag where, at an airport, Ellen turns and tells Laura Dern \"I'm gay!\" - only to realize that she had turned right into the intercom microphone, announcing her sexuality to the entire terminal. Ellen DeGeneres' mother Betty can briefly be seen as one of the people in the terminal with a shocked reaction to the announcement. The revelation ignited a storm of controversy, prompting ABC to place a parental advisory at the beginning of each episode.", "The final season saw Ellen leaving her job at Buy the Book to try new occupations and pay the mortgage on her newly aquired dream home. The final episode was a mock history of Ellen's show business career from vaudeville in the 20's through the birth of television to the present day. Over the credits a chorus sang, \" Who's got a lesbian smile? Ellen!\"" ]

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[ "Fawlty Towers is a British television sitcom produced by the BBC and was originally running from 1975 to 1979. It features twelve episodes in two seasons and was written by John Cleese and his wife Connie Booth and directed by John Howard Davies.[2] The setting of the series is the fictional, run-down sea view hotel called Fawlty Towers in the small city of Torquay on the English Riviera. The main characters are the testy and very rude manager of the hotel, Basil Fawlty (played by John Cleese), his bossy and somewhat disillusioned wife Sybil (Prunella Scales) as well as the two employees of the hotel which do most of the work: the young and very beautiful part-time chambermaid Polly Sherman (Connie Booth) and the Spanish waiter Manuel (Andrew Sachs) who’s goodhearted but not good at speaking English.", "Fawlty Towers is a British sitcom made by the BBC and first broadcast on BBC2 in 1975. Only twelve episodes were produced, but the series has had a lasting and powerful influence on later shows. [...] Fawlty Towers was inspired by the Monty Python team's stay in the Gleneagles Hotel in Torquay in May 1970. Cleese and Booth stayed on at the hotel after filming for the Python show had finished. The owner, Donald Sinclair, was very rude, throwing a bus timetable at a guest who asked when the next bus to town would arrive, and placing Eric Idle's suitcase behind a wall in the garden on the suspicion that it contained a bomb (it actually contained a ticking alarm clock).", "100 Greatest British Television Programmes was a list compiled by the British Film Institute in 2000, chosen by a poll of industry professionals, to determine what were the greatest British television programmes of any genre ever to have been screened. Topping the list was Fawlty Towers, a British sitcom set in a fictional Torquay hotel starring John Cleese.", "Set in a 1970s Torquay Hotel, Fawlty Towers is one of the finest farcical situation comedies British television has ever seen. Manic, arrogant, sycophantic and sadistic, Basil Fawlty is a much put-upon, hard-working hotel manager whose life is plagued by dead guests, hotel inspectors and riff-raff. Of course his biggest headache is his 'little nest of vipers' - his nagging wife Sibyl. Together they run their hotel, Fawlty Towers, with a little help from the unflappable Polly, and Manuel, the trainee waiter from Barcelona with marginally more intelligence than a monkey.", "Fawlty Towers (1975–1979) was a BBC television sitcom about hotel owner Basil Fawlty's incompetence, short fuse, and arrogance that form a combination that ensures accidents and trouble are never far away.", "Torquay is (in)famous as the setting of Fawlty Towers, the hotel owned by Basil and Sybil Fawlty in the classic 1970s British television comedy.", "From 1963-65, Harris co-starred in the sitcom The Bill Dana Show. He played \"Mr. Phillips,\" the pompous manager of a posh hotel who is constantly at odds with his bumbling Bolivian bellhop, the Bill Dana character, \"José Jiménez.\" This formula presaged the popular John Cleese hotel comedy, Fawlty Towers.", "The setting is the fictional hotel Fawlty Towers in the seaside town of Torquay on the \" English Riviera \" (where the Gleneagles hotel that inspired John Cleese was situated). The show was written by Cleese and his then wife Connie Booth , both of whom played main characters. The first series in 1975 was produced and directed by John Howard Davies ; the second in 1979 was produced by Douglas Argent and directed by Bob Spiers .", "Basil and Sybil Fawlty were based on Donald and Beatrice Sinclair, genuine hoteliers who ran the Gleneagles Hotel in Torquay where John Cleese stayed whilst filming on location in early May 1970 with the Monty Python team. Mr Sinclair's irascible antics included: berating Terry Gilliam for eating his meals in \"too American\" a way; throwing Eric Idle's briefcase over a wall because of a \"bomb scare\" (the scare was that Idle left the briefcase in the reception area); disbelief at Michael Palin asking to pre-book the Gleneagles TV to catch a show; after Graham Chapman requested an omelet made with three eggs, Sinclair brought him an omelet with three fried eggs perched on top. When asked by Cleese to call for a taxi, he argued with Cleese and took his time calling for the cab. Mrs Sinclair later complained that the sit-com had been unfair to her husband, and she described John Cleese as an \"utter fool\" who had \"made millions out of our unhappiness\". The Gleneagles Hotel, under new ownership, now runs Fawlty Towers weekends once a month where guests are looked after by actors who play the part of Basil, Sybil and Manuel.", "Even though the comedy series Fawlty Towers was based in Torquay none of the show was ever filmed on the English Riviera. The one strong connection with the show was Hotel Gleneagles, but this property was demolished for redevelopment in 2016. This was where John Cleese and the Monty Python team first encountered hotel proprietor, Donald Sinclair, who would become the inspiration for one of comedy’s most famous characters.", "Fawlty Towers is a British sitcom produced by BBC Television and first broadcast on BBC2 in 1975 and 1979. Twelve episodes were made (two series, each of six episodes). The show was written by John Cleese and his then wife Connie Booth , both of whom also starred in the show. The first series was produced and directed by John Howard Davies ; the second was produced by Douglas Argent and directed by Bob Spiers .", "One popular myth is that the hotel shown in the opening shots of Fawlty Towers was based in Torquay. This particular building was the Wooburn Grange Country Club at Bourne End, Buckinghamshire. Unfortunately in 1991 the building was badly damaged by fire and subsequently demolished. Eight new homes were later built on the grounds.", "“Fawlty Towers” (1975 to 1979) This hilarious British sitcom is a wonderful look at a husband and wife who are the proprietors of an English hotel. \"Fawlty Towers\" provides another stage for the comic brilliance of John Cleese and Connie Booth.", "Fawlty Towers is a British sitcom produced by BBC Television that was first broadcast on BBC2 in 1975 and 1979. Twelve episodes were made. The show was written by John Cleese and his then wife Connie Booth, both of whom also starred in the show.", "Based on an actual hotel Cleese and the MP gang stayed at once, Fawlty Towers is a hilarious British sitcom with great characters and situations. Probably the most famous episode is the one with the Germans, as I hear it referred to the most.", "Broadcast on BBC2 in 1975 and 1979, Fawlty Towers is an all-time British favourite. Written by and starring John Cleese and his wife of the time, Connie Booth, the series reveals the goings-on at Fawlty Towers, a fictional hotel in seaside town Torquay. At the root of the comedy are Basil Fawlty ( John Cleese ), the rude, exasperated owner and his bossy wife Sybil (Prunella Scales) as well as chambermaid Polly (Connie Booth) and Spanish waiter Manuel (Andrew Sachs) who is perpetually lost in translation. Farce arises when they try to make the best of the most hopeless hospitality situations in the face of demanding, often eccentric guests.", "The 1970s is often regarded as the golden era of British sitcom. Well-remembered series include John Cleese and Connie Booth's farcical Fawlty Towers (1975, 1979), John Esmonde and Bob Larbey's self-sufficiency comedy The Good Life (1975–78). Whatever Happened to the Likely Lads? (1973–74), a sequel to the earlier show, surpassed the original, while the same writers (Dick Clement and Ian La Frenais) provided Ronnie Barker with his most successful sitcom vehicle, Porridge (1974–77). Barker also starred (along with David Jason) in the very popular Open All Hours (1973, 1976–85), written by Roy Clarke. Clarke's long-running Last of the Summer Wine began in 1973 and ended in 2010, becoming the world's longest running sitcom.", "The popular sitcoms 3rd Rock from the Sun and Cheers (in both of which Cleese has appeared) have cited Fawlty Towers as an inspiration, especially regarding its depiction of a dysfunctional \"family\" in the workplace. Arthur Mathews and Graham Linehan have cited Fawlty Towers as a major influence on their sitcom Father Ted. Guest House on Pakistan's PTV also resembled the series.", "Three attempted remakes of Fawlty Towers were started for the American market, with two making it into production. The first, Chateau Snavely starring Harvey Korman and Betty White , was produced by ABC for a pilot in 1978, but the transfer from coastal hotel to highway motel proved too much and the series was never produced. The second, also by ABC, was Amanda's starring Bea Arthur , notable for switching the sexes of its 'Basil' and 'Sybil' equivalents. It also failed to pick up a major audience and was dropped. [32] A third remake called Payne (produced by and starring John Larroquette ) was also produced, but was cancelled shortly after. A German pilot based on the sitcom was made in 2001, named Zum letzten Kliff, but further episodes were not made.", "Fawlty Towers, a British television series from the 1970’s, written by John Cleese and Connie Booth is famous for its eccentric characters, farcical humour and unintentionally funny moments. The life of Basil Fawlty, the choleric and perpetually overworked owner of a slightly run-down sea front hotel, his constantly nagging wife Sybil and their good-hearted but maltreated employees, the maid Polly and the Spanish waiter Manuel, is depicted throughout the series. All of them try to keep the hotel running and the guests satisfied despite several incidents and self-made catastrophes.", "In 2000, the British Film Institute voted Fawlty Towers the best British series of all time. The fact that the series was limited to a mere twelve delightful episodes is often claimed to be a national outrage. However, the popularity of Basil and Sybil’s fictional hotel has stood the test of time despite the limited material available.", "The Fawlty Towers hotel remains a popular location for tourists to the Torquay area. Basil Fawlty has been interviewed several times by members of the press, but having never watched the TV show, he tends to be somewhat confused by all the attention.", "Cleese achieved greater prominence in the United Kingdom as the neurotic hotel manager Basil Fawlty in Fawlty Towers, which he co-wrote with his wife Connie Booth. The series won three BAFTA awards when produced and in 2000, it topped the British Film Institute’s list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes. The series also featured Prunella Scales as Basil’s acerbic wife Sybil, Andrew Sachs as the much abused Spanish waiter Manuel (“…he’s from Barcelona”), and Booth as waitress Polly, the series’ voice of sanity. Cleese based Basil Fawlty on a real person, Donald Sinclair, whom he had encountered in 1970 while the Monty Python team were staying at the Gleneagles Hotel in Torquay while filming inserts for their television series. Reportedly, Cleese was inspired by Sinclair’s mantra “I could run this hotel just fine, if it weren’t for the guests.” He later described Sinclair as “the most wonderfully rude man I have ever met,” although Sinclair’s widow has said her husband was totally misrepresented in the series. During the Pythons’ stay, Sinclair allegedly threw Idle’s briefcase out of the hotel “in case it contained a bomb,” complained about Gilliam’s “American” table manners, and threw a bus timetable at another guest after they dared to ask the time of the next bus to town.", "● Anna Johnston, Ash Cooper and Trudi Sheppard in Beaumaris Theatre’s Fawlty Towers. Photo: Debbie Keyt ■ Beaumaris Theatre presents Fawlty Towers from November 13-28 at Beaumaris Theatre, 82 Wells Rd, Beaumaris. Written by John Cleese and Connie Booth, Beaumaris’s show is directed by Georgy Charles. Episodes include The Builders, The Kipper and the Corpse and the Hotel Inspector. Cabaret style seating. BYO drinks and nibbles. Tickets: $25/$22. Bookings: beaumaristheatre.com.au", "Swanage is stated as the hometown of John Cleese's character Basil Fawlty in the sitcom Fawlty Towers.", "They were top of the Fawlty hit list\". \"Farce doesn't normally work on television, but somehow in 'Fawlty Towers' it did. Basil attacking his car with a tree, found straddling Manuel in the hotel lobby, being hit on the head by a stuffed moose… all priceless television moments. Even the hotel sign 'Fatty Owls' had a sense of humour, even if it wasn't a perfect anagram\".", "In a list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes drawn up by the British Film Institute in 2000, voted by industry professionals, Fawlty Towers placed first. [1] It was also voted fifth in the BBC's \" Britain's Best Sitcom \" poll in 2004. [2]", "Much of the time in Fawlty Towers, the comedy comes from how Basil misunderstands a perfectly innocent situation, or when his own natural impatience or high standards keep him from ever coming out on top of a situation. Here though, it’s hard not to see him in the right, as Mrs. Richards finds a flaw in every last detail of her hotel room: the bath is too small, the window doesn’t overlook the sea*, and the radio doesn’t seem to work. She’s the personification of every complaint and slight that Basil’s had to endure in 15 years of hotel management, and you can practically see the steam coming from John Cleese’s ears as he snippily points out the virtues of the hotel, and later downstairs tries to get through to her in writing—though even that fails as she’s misplaced her glasses on top of her head.", "From the very first episode (first aired in 1975) featured a social-climbing Fawlty as perhaps the most rude and insufferable hotel manager in existence, in the resort town of Torquay, on the Channel coast of Britain. Sybil tries to maintain a reasonable level of service, but Fawlty's snobbishness permits him to be gracious (indeed, excessively fawning) toward those he considers 'worthy', which in this episode turns out to be Lord Melbury, who ends up not being Lord Melbury, but rather a confidence trickster, and Fawlty's revenge scares away the real 'posh' guests, whom Fawlty sends off with the hilarious shout, 'Snobs!' In each of the episodes, there is a crisis - one gets the sense that the life of Fawlty is non-stop crisis, with his wife and Polly forever picking up the pieces, Manuel always complicating things, and the others wandering around in a state of disbelief (or, in the case of the Major, perpetual daze). The twelve episodes highlight all the things that could wrong at hotel in classic comedic fashion - the institution of a Gourmet Night falls flat when the not-quite-recovering alcoholic chef starts drinking the night of the main event; a guest dies in the middle of the night, and Fawlty tries to slip him out unnoticed; remodelers install and remove the wrong doors; the health inspector unexpected shows up and gets served a bit of rat with his cheese.", "Fawlty Towers - Series 1 & 2 [1975] [DVD]: Amazon.co.uk: John Cleese, Prunella Scales, Andrew Sachs, Connie Booth, Ballard Berkeley, Gilly Flower, Renee Roberts, Brian Hall, Terence Conoley, Elizabeth Benson, George Lee, Derek Suthern: DVD & Blu-ray", "Basil Fawlty (Cleese) is a grumpy hotel manager, with his domineering wife Sybil, the hotel maid Polly (co-creator and Cleese's wife at the time of the show Connie Booth), the Spanish waiter Manuel (\"I learned classical Spanish, not this strange dialect he's using\"), and the hotel's longest standing resident, the Major. Witty dialogue and hilarious slapstick situations make this a great show.", "Inept and manic English hotel owner and manager, Basil Fawlty, isn't cut out for his job. He's intolerant, rude and paranoid. All hell frequently breaks loose as Basil tries to run the hotel, constantly under verbal (and sometime physical) attack from his unhelpful wife Sybil, and hindered by the incompetent, but easy target, Manuel; their Spanish waiter. Written by Rob Hartill" ]

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[ "Who was the revolutionary who said, “It is better to die on your feet than live on your knees”? The answer is C. Emiliano Zapata.", "\"Better to DIE on our feet than live on our knees.\" Franklin D. Roosevelt made that vow while accepting an honorary degree from Oxford University in 1941. Republican firebrand Dolores Ibarruri (\"La Pasionaria\") said this repeatedly during the 1936-1939 Spanish Civil War. Ibarruri may have been inspired by Mexican revolutionary Emiliano Zapata, who reportedly said two decades earlier, \"Better to die on your feet than live on your knees.\" (\"Es mejor morir de pie que vivir de rodillas.\") Although it is unlikely that Zapata spoke Yiddish, \"Better to die upright than to live on your knees\" is called a Yiddish proverb by proverb scholar Wolfgang Mieder. In 1866, a Quaker teacher in Virginia quoted a recently freed slave as saying, \"It 'pears like, miss, we should live on our knees, for this great blessed freedom we now have.\"", "It is better to die on your feet than to live on your knees. - Emiliano Zapata - BrainyQuote", "The statue was funded by money raised by Trade Unionists and Labour movement supporters. [122] However, the £3000 raised was insufficient to cover the artist's plans for the statue to be cast in bronze. Instead, an armature was welded together from scrap iron and covered in fibreglass. The final version of the monument is a stylised female figure, representing Dolores Ibarruri, in a long dress, standing with legs apart and arms raised. [122] On the plinth, Dooley carved Dolores' famous slogan - 'better to die on your feet than live forever on your knees'. The phrase was first used by the Mexican revolutionary leader, Emiliano Zapata , but Ibarruri gave it new meaning when she used it during the miners strike in Asturias, Spain, in 1934.", "The statue was funded by money raised by Trade Unionists and Labour movement supporters. [109] However, the £3000 raised was insufficient to cover the artist's plans for the statue to be cast in bronze. Instead, an armature was welded together from scrap iron and covered in fibreglass. The final version of the monument is a stylised female figure, representing Dolores Ibarruri, in a long dress, standing with legs apart and arms raised. [109] On the plinth, Dooley carved Dolores' famous slogan - 'better to die on your feet than live forever on your knees'. The phrase was first used by the Mexican revolutionary leader, Emiliano Zapata , but Ibarruri gave it new meaning when she used it during the miners strike in Asturias, Spain, in 1934.", "\"DYING is no big deal, the least of us will manage that. Living is the trick.\" Sportswriter Red Smith is famous for having said this during a eulogy for a friend. In his exhaustive encyclopedia of world proverbs, Wolfgang Mieder cites \"To die is easy, to live is hard\" as a Japanese proverb, and \"It is hard to die but it is harder to live\" as one from the Philippines. In 1942, Bulgarian-British author Elias Canetti wrote, \"Dying is too easy. It ought to be much harder to die,\" and in 1769 Samuel Johnson said, \"It matters not how a man dies, but how he lives.\"", "This quote has been attributed to several sources, including Albert Einstein, Benjamin Franklin and Mark Twain. It may have first appeared in Rita Mae Brown's book, \"Sudden Death,\" published in January 1983. barrypopik.com psychologytoday.com", "Johnson is well remembered for his aphorisms, which contributed to his becoming, after Shakespeare, the most frequently quoted of English writers. Many of these are recorded in Boswell’s The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D., including his famous assertion: “Patriotism is the last refuge of a scoundrel” and his admonition: “Clear your mind of cant.” Others appear in his own writings, including: “Marriage has many pains, but celibacy has no pleasures.” He possessed the gift of contracting “the great rules of life into short sentences.”", "Despite the truth of actor Edmund Gwenn’s last words: “Dying is easy, comedy is hard” I would recommend to those that wish to make a long lasting deathbed comment, to go with funny rather than poetic. These seem to be remembered with more ease and there are a lot fewer quotes out there that deal with wisdom or peace of mind. However I cannot leave the subject without mentioning two such examples: Theodore Roosevelt: \"Put out the light.\" And René Descartes: “My soul, thou has long been held captive; the hour has now come for thee to quit thy prison, to leave the trammels of this body; suffer then, this separation with joy and courage.” A bit longwinded but nevertheless it surpasses by leaps and bound those of General John Sedgwick who died in battle during the US Civil War: \"They couldn't hit an elephant at this dist...\"", "Charles Macklin , Man of the World (1792), Act I, scene 2; reported as a proverb in Hoyt's New Cyclopedia Of Practical Quotations (1922), p. 639. Compare: \"Every fat [vat] must stand upon his bottom\", John Bunyan , The Pilgrim's Progress (1678), Part I; reported as a proverb in Hoyt's New Cyclopedia Of Practical Quotations (1922), p. 639.", "In a famous exchange with the actor Samuel Foote, Sandwich declared, \"Foote, I have often wondered what catastrophe would bring you to your end; but I think, that you must either die of the pox, or the halter.\" \"My lord\", replied Foote instantaneously, \"that will depend upon one of two contingencies; -- whether I embrace your lordship's mistress, or your lordship's principles.\" This retort is often misattributed to John Wilkes.", "Col. John 'Hannibal' Smith : [answers with his own Gandhi quote] \"It is better to be violent, if there is violence in our hearts, than to put on the cloak of nonviolence to cover impotence.\"", "“Cowards die many times before their deaths; The valiant never taste of death but once. ~Julius Ceasar”", "In a famous exchange with John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, where the latter exclaimed, \"Sir, I do not know whether you will die on the gallows or of the pox,\" Wilkes is reported to have replied, \"That depends, my lord, on whether I embrace your lordship's principles or your mistress.\" Fred R. Shapiro, in The Yale Book of Quotations (2006), disputes the attribution based on a claim that it first appeared in a book published in 1935, but it is ascribed to Wilkes in Henry Brougham's Historical Sketches (1844), related from Bernard Howard, 12th Duke of Norfolk, who claims to have been present, as well as in Charles Marsh's Clubs of London (1828). Brougham notes the exchange had in France previously been ascribed to Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau and Cardinal Jean-Sifrein Maury.", "Beilby Porteus , Death, line 178. Quotes reported in Hoyt's New Cyclopedia Of Practical Quotations (1922), p. 841-60.", "In October 1520 the young emperor Charles V was crowned at Aachen. Early in 1521 his first Imperial Diet met at Worms, and Luther was invited to appear there for a hearing of his case. Charles had promised the electors, as a condition of his election, that no subject would be condemned without a hearing. On April 17 and 18, Luther appeared before the assembled dignitaries of the empire, many of whom were his sympathizers, to defend his writings. Asked whether he was willing to stand by what he had written, he stood firm on what he had said. He has been quoted for centuries as having concluded with the words, \"Here I stand, I cannot do otherwise.\" Though these words may not actually have been uttered, they do not essentially falsify his position.", "\"It is better to be a coward for a minute than dead for the rest of your life.\"    ", "Who said, 'If I have seen further than others, it's by standing upon the shoulders of giants'?", "On his deathbed he converted to Catholicism. By becoming a catholic he enacted one of his well known witticisms: The Church of England is the best to live in, but the Catholic Church is the best to die in. He is also reputed to have said, on being presented with an expensive medical bill, ' I suppose that I will have to die beyond my means'.", "If you think you are dying everytime you are confronted with an obstacle or something to be feared, you die a little each time, and have to expend your energy to recover from that feeling each time.  It is mentally and emotionally wearing.  On the other hand, the brave and fearless only die when they actually die.  They don't have to suffer through the ups and downs of all of life's trials.  They are not immune from trials, but it is all about their attitude in the face of those trials.  I think the quote is equally applicable to both sexes.", "A combat betwixt man and death: or A discourse against the immoderate apprehension and feare of death. Written in French by I. Guillemard of Champdenier in Poictou. And translated into English by Edw. Grimeston Sargeant at Armes, attending the Commons House in Parliament", "William Pitt The Elder 's last words are sometimes given as \"If we must fall, then let us fall like men!\" (while giving a speech in the House of Lords about the possibility of Great Britain being invaded by the French during the American Revolutionary War). However, though he collapsed immediately after this, he didn't actually die until some days later.", "16:32. The patient man is better than the valiant: and he that ruleth his spirit, than he that taketh cities.", "in the highest terms of his virtues, saying that he lived a hero and died a", "iii. \"He gave up his life because He willed it, when He willed it, and as He willed it.\" (Augustine)", "It is requisite to choose the most excellent life; for custom will make it pleasant. Wealth is an infirm anchor, glory is still more infirm; and in a similar manner, the body, dominion, and honour. For all these are imbecile and powerless. What then are powerful anchors. Prudence, magnanimity, fortitude. These no tempest can shake. This is the Law of God, that virtue is the only thing that is strong; and that every thing else is a trifle.", "The lives of all are in the hands of Him who knows best whether to preserve it or no, and to His will do I resign myself. My character and good name are in my own keeping. Life with disgrace is dreadful. A glorious death is to be envied, and, if anything happens to me recollect death is a debt we must all pay, and whether now or in a few years hence can be but of little consequence.", "Where does the quote \"A coward dies a thousand deaths, a hero but only one\" come from?", "“Believe me, dear uncle, it is hard to give up the life that is in us without a pang. I am returning to Blois with a heavy grip at my heart; I shall die then, taking with me some useful truths. No personal interest debases my regrets. Is earthly fame a guerdon to those who believe that they will mount to a higher sphere?", "Quotation: \"What martyrdom is greater than making yourself a human bomb detonating it among the enemy? What spiritualism is greater than this spiritualism in which a person loses all feeling of his body and life for the sake of his cause and mission?\"", "\"It is humiliating to remain with our hands folded while others write history. It matters little who wins. To make a people great it is necessary to send them to battle even if you have to kick them in the pants. That is what I shall do.\"", "“It is humiliating to remain with our hands folded while others write history. It matters little who wins. To make a people great it is necessary to send them to battle even if you have to kick them in the pants. That is what I shall do.”" ]

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[ "On 26 April 1964, Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged to form a new republic, the name �Tanzania� being adopted on 29 October 1964. Like the name of the country, the new flag adopted was a merger of that of its constituent parts. The lower green stripe of the Tanganyika flag took the blue of the Zanzibar flag, and the stripes were re-arranged diagonally to give them equal status.", "On 26 April 1964, Tanganyika united with Zanzibar to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar. The country was renamed the United Republic of Tanzania on 29 October of that year. The name Tanzania is a blend of Tanganyika and Zanzibar and previously had no significance. Under the terms of this union, the Zanzibar Government retains considerable local autonomy.", "But Zanzibar’s continued instability worried Nyerere. Its new government quickly accepted aid from China , East Germany, and the U.S.S.R., becoming in the eyes of the West the “ Cuba of East Africa.” In April of 1964, Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged to form a new country, the United Republic of Tanzania, with Nyerere as its president. The union was widely interpreted as a victory for Western interests in the region.", "note: the country's name is a combination of the first letters of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, the two states that merged to form Tanzania in 1964", "Tanganyika and Zanzibar Merge to Form Tanzania (1964) - This Day in History - English - The Free Dictionary Language Forums", "After the Zanzibar Revolution overthrew the Arab dynasty in neighbouring Zanzibar, which had become independent in 1963, the archipelago merged with mainland Tanganyika on 26 April 1964. On 29 October of the same year, the country was renamed the United Republic of Tanzania (\"Tan\" comes from Tanganyika and \"Zan\" from Zanzibar). The union of the two hitherto separate regions was controversial among many Zanzibaris (even those sympathetic to the revolution) but was accepted by both the Nyerere government and the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar owing to shared political values and goals.", "* Zanzibar – Zanzibar merged in 1964 with Tanganyika to become Tanzania. Zanzibar was not annexed, but joined through a free referendum.", "ABU DHABI, 26th April, 2016 (WAM) -- President His Highness Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan has sent a congratulatory cable to the Tanzanian President, John Pombe Joseph Magufuli, on the anniversary of his country's Union Day, when in 1964 the East African countries of Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged to form the United Republic of Tanzania.", "Though this East African country had been a sultanate hundreds of years earlier, it gained independence from Great Britain in December as a constitutional monarchy. A month later, after the violent Zanzibar Revolution, it became the People's Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba. In April 1964, the republic merged with the United Republic of Tanganyika, and they were renamed the United Republic of Tanzania. After one of the shortest histories of any nation, Zanzibar has been a semi-autonomous region ever since.", "European colonialism began in mainland Tanzania during the late 19th century when Germany formed German East Africa, which gave way to British rule following World War I. The mainland was governed as Tanganyika, with the Zanzibar Archipelago remaining a separate colonial jurisdiction. Following their respective independence in 1961 and 1963, the two entities merged in April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanzania. ", "THE unification of Tanganyika and Zanzibar in April 1964 was the first political union between independent countries ever to take place on the African continent in the post-colonial era. And it continues to be a subject of interest among many people more than 40 years after its consummation.", "Tanzania’s history is as old as human civilization, as the discoveries of the earliest human fossils have shown. In the late 19th century, the area was known as German East Africa and after Germany’s defeat in World War 1, it became a British colony, and came to be known as Tanganyika. Tanganyika’s independence struggle began with the Maji Maji movement in 1905. In 1959, Julius Nyerere (TANU party) won the Tanganyika legislative elections and was requested by the British to set up an internal self-government. Tanganyika became independent in 1961. Zanzibar, which was ruled by the Omani Arabs until it became a British protectorate in 1862, finally became independent in 1963. Tanganyika united with Zanzibar in 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, which was renamed United Republic of Tanzania in October 1964. Julius Nyerere became the first President of Tanzania.", "Zanzibar is an island 25–50 km (15–30 mi) off the east coast of Tanzania; it consists of numerous small islands and two large ones: Unguja (the main island known as Zanzibar), and Pemba. Zanzibar was once a separate country with a long trading history within the Arab world; it united (not without bloodshed) with Tanganyika to form Tanzania in 1964, and still enjoys a high degree of autonomy within the union. The capital of Zanzibar is Zanzibar City and its old quarter, known as Stone Town, is a World Heritage Site. Today the islands enjoy a strong tourism industry and the natives–of Arab, Indian and Africa descent–go about their business as usual. This gallery features a visit to the major historic buildings in Stone Town (the museum, palace and Livingstone’s house) and a laid back beach resort called Sunset Bungalows in the northwest coastal village of Kendwa.  ", "In the late 19th century, Imperial Germany conquered the regions that are now Tanzania (minus Zanzibar), Rwanda, and Burundi, and incorporated them into German East Africa. The post-World War I accords and the League of Nations charter designated the area a British Mandate, except for a small area in the northwest, which was ceded to Belgium and later became Rwanda and Burundi. British rule came to an end in 1961 after a relatively peaceful transition to independence. In 1954, Julius Nyerere transformed an organization into the politically oriented Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Nyerere became Minister of British-administered Tanganyika in 1960 and continued as Prime Minister when Tanganyika became officially independent in 1961. After the Zanzibar Revolution overthrew the Arab dynasty in neighboring Zanzibar, which had become independent in 1963, the island merged with mainland Tanganyika to form the nation of Tanzania on 26 April 1964.", "Tanzania Union Day: Celebrating the merger of the two east African countries of Tanganyika and Zanzibar on April 26, 1964, Union Day is celebrated by the whole country of Tanzania with great festivities. The best of these celebrations are held in the city of Dar es Salaam where speeches and parades are held to mark this day. Dignitaries from all the neighbouring countries and other friendly nations join the Tanzanian government officials in celebrating this day. In 2004, to mark the day, the Tanzanian president even pardoned a total of over 4500 prisoners sentenced for minor crimes.", "He traveled throughout the country campaigning for independence (Uhuru in Swahili), continuing on even in the face of numerous threats and obstacles from the colonial government. In 1958 he went in front of the United Nations Organization (UNO) to plea for the independence of Tanganyika which was then under the ordinance of the British Trusteeship Territory. On December 9, 1961, Tanzania received its independence and Nyerere became the first prime minister of Tanganyika. After a few months, he resigned from his position in order to strengthen the party and Rashid Mfaume Kawawa became prime minister. On December 9, 1962, Nyerere was elected the first president of the Republic of Tanganyika. When Tanganyika and Zanzibar united to form the United Republic of Tanzania on April 26, 1964, Nyerere became the first president of Tanzania.", "Under a new constitution, the country became a one-party state in which strikes were outlawed and order maintained by a Preventative Detention Act which enabled Nyerere to arrest and imprison critics. In 1964, the islands of Zanzibar and Femba united with Tanganyika to form the United Republic of Tanzania, within the Commonwealth.", "In 1954, Julius Nyerere and Oscar Kambona transformed the Tanganyika African Association (founded in 1929) into the more politically oriented Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). TANU easily won the general elections of 1958–60, and when Tanganyika became independent on Dec. 9, 1961, Nyerere became its first prime minister. In Dec., 1962, Tanganyika became a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations, and Nyerere was made president. On Apr. 26, 1964, shortly after a leftist revolution in newly independent Zanzibar, Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged; Nyerere became the new country's first president. Abeid Amani Karume, the head of Zanzibar's government and leader of its dominant Afro-Shirazi party (ASP), became Tanzania's first vice president. Although formally united with the mainland, Zanzibar retained considerable independence in internal affairs.", "The history of Zanzibar is incredibly complex and chock full of bloody violence, slavery, a very short war and big shocker…the British. The short version is that until 1890 Zanzibar was a Sultanate which was for awhile, part of Oman and controlled much of East Africa mostly thanks to favorable trade routes (i.e. Africa-Asia slave trade).  in 1890 Zanzibar became a protectorate of Britain which lasted until they became a constitutional monarchy of their own in 1963.  At this time, there was no Tanzania.  The country we know today as Tanzania was then called the Republic of Tanganyika.  A month after Zanzibar’s independence from Britain they fell into a bloody genocide called the Zanzibar Revolution  so in 1964 Zanzibar merged with mainland Tanganyika to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar which was soon renamed simply the United Republic of Tanzania, of which Zanzibar remains a semi-autonomous region.", "Tanganyika achieved independence on 9 December 1961. Zanzibar Achieved independence on 10 December 1963. The United Republic was formed on 27 April 1964, and the name Tanzania was adopted on 29 October 1964.", "When Tanganyika was granted responsible government in 1960, Nyerere became Chief Minister. He led Tanganyika to independence a year later and became the new country's first Prime Minister. The country became a republic in 1962, with Nyerere as the country's first president. During the first years, Nyerere created a One-party state and used \"preventive detention\" to eliminate trade unions and opposition political forces. In 1964, Tanganyika united politically with Zanzibar and was renamed Tanzania, with Nyerere as president of the unified country. He was the sole candidate for president in the unified country's first election, in 1965, and was reelected unopposed every five years until his retirement in 1985.", "Tanganyika was colonized first by Germans (1880s until 1919) then the British (1919 to 1961). It served as a military outpost during World War II and provided financial help as well as munitions. Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere became Prime Minister of British-administered Tanganyika in 1960, and continued as Prime Minister when Tanganyika became independent in 1961. He went on to become the first president of Tanzania, after the unification of Tanganyika and Zanzibar on April 26, 1964. Mwalimu J.K. Nyerere introduced African socialism or Ujamaa, which emphasized justice and equality.", "1964 - Sultanate of Zanzibar overthrown by Afro-Shirazi Party in a violent, left-wing revolution; Tanganyika and Zanzibar merge to become Tanzania with Nyerere as president and Afro-Shirazi leader Abeid Amani Karume as vice-president. Socialism", "..... Click the link for more information. , Uganda's new head of state, signed an agreement to end hostilities. Tanzania supported various movements against white-minority rule in S Africa, and several of these organizations had offices in Dar-es-Salaam. In 1977, TANU and Zanzibar's ASP merged to form the Party of the Revolution (CCM). A new constitution was adopted the same year.", "*Tanganyika (now Tanzania): 9 December 1961 – 9 December 1962 Sir Richard Gordon Turnbull (b. 1909–d. 1998), formerly the last colonial Governor; the country became a republic with Julius Nyerere, formerly Prime Minister, as executive President.", "(United Republic of Tanzania), a state in East Africa. Member of the British Commonwealth of Nations. Tanzania consists of a mainland part, Tanganyika, and the islands of Zanzibar and Pemba. It borders on Uganda to the north, Kenya to the northeast, Mozambique to the south, Malawi and Zambia to the southwest, and Burundi and Rwanda to the northwest. Part of its border is formed by the Indian Ocean in the east, Lake Tanganyika in the west, Lake Nyasa (Malawi) in the southwest, and Lake Victoria in the north. Area, 945,100 sq km, of which 942,600 sq km is in Tanganyika (according to UN data). Population, 14.8 million (1974), of which 14.4 million live in Tanganyika. The city of Dar-es-Salaam is the capital. Administratively, Tanzania is divided into 25 regions.", "Tanzania (officially in Swahili: Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania = United Republic of Tanzania) is a republic in East Africa and consists of the former Tanganyika and the islands of Zanzibar (Unguja actually) and Pemba. The Mafia Archipelago is formed by the 50-km-long island of Mafia, a dozen smaller islands and numerous coral rocks. Tanzania is bordered in the north to Kenya (769 km) and Uganda (396 km), in the south to Mozambique (756 km), Malawi (475 km) and Zambia (338 km) and in the west to the Democratic Republic of Congo (459 km), Rwanda (217 km) and Burundi (451 km). Tanzania is bordered to the east in its entirety to the Indian Ocean and the other limits exist for a large proportion of water in the western Lake Tanganyika, in northwest Lake Victoria and Lake Malawi in the southwest, while the border with Mozambique formed by the Rovuma River. The total area is 945,087 km2 of Tanzania and Tanzania is about 22.5 times as large as the Netherlands or as large as France, Germany and Belgium together. It is also the largest country in East Africa.", "(*) The old name for the continental territory of the modern United Republic of Tanzania made up of Tanganyika and Zanzibar.", "In 1992 Tanzania became a multi-party democracy and in 1995 Benjamin Mkapa became president. In 2005 Jakaya Kikwete was elected president of Tanzania.", "The name \"Tanzania\" was created as a clipped compound of the names of the two states that unified to create the country: Tanganyika and Zanzibar. ", "Tanzania is the largest country in East Africa and includes the islands of Zanzibar, Pemba, and Mafia. About twice the size of California , this African country is bordered by the Indian Ocean and eight countries: Kenya , Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique.", "Tanzania,This approximates the Kiswahili pronunciation. However, is also heard in English. officially the United Republic of Tanzania (), is a large country in Eastern Africa within the African Great Lakes region. Parts of the country are in Southern Africa. It is bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north; Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west; Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique to the south; and by the Indian Ocean to the east. Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest mountain, is in northeastern Tanzania." ]

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[ "Henry Ford not only founded the Ford Motor Company, he helped give birth to the automobile industry in the United States . With his innovations to the manufacturing process and his commitment to his workers, he became a true American legend of the twentieth century. Although Ford died in 1947, his name continues to be stamped on every car and truck that rolls off a Ford assembly line today.", "\"Henry Ford\" . http://www.ford.com/en/heritage/fordFamily/default.htm . Retrieved on 2007-02-14. \"Henry Ford resigned for the second time at the end of World War II. His eldest grandson, Henry Ford II, became president on Sept. 21, 1945. Even as Henry Ford II drove the industry's first postwar car off the assembly line, he was making plans to reorganize and decentralize the company to resume its prewar position as a major force in a fiercely competitive auto industry. Henry Ford II provided strong leadership for Ford Motor Company from the postwar era into the 1980s. He was president from 1945 until 1960 and chief executive officer from 1945 until 1979. He was chairman of the board of directors from 1960 until 1980, and remained as chairman of the finance committee from 1980 until his death in 1987.\"", "^ \"Henry Ford\" . http://www.ford.com/en/heritage/fordFamily/default.htm . Retrieved 2007-02-14. \"Henry Ford resigned for the second time at the end of World War II. His eldest grandson, Henry Ford II, became president on Sept. 21, 1945. Even as Henry Ford II drove the industry's first postwar car off the assembly line, he was making plans to reorganize and decentralize the company to resume its prewar position as a major force in a fiercely competitive auto industry. Henry Ford II provided strong leadership for Ford Motor Company from the postwar era into the 1980s. He was president from 1945 until 1960 and chief executive officer from 1945 until 1979. He was chairman of the board of directors from 1960 until 1980, and remained as chairman of the finance committee from 1980 until his death in 1987.\" ", "Henry Ford died on April 7, 1947, at the age of eighty-three, having outlived the Model T by nearly twenty years. A century has passed since he took the first car he built for a ride. The world remains in large part the one set into motion by Henry Ford: a world in which cars are for everyone. As Will Rogers said, \"It will take a hundred years to tell whether he helped us or hurt us, but he certainly didn't leave us where he found us.\"", "Henry Ford II (September 4, 1917 – September 29, 1987), sometimes known as \"HF2\" or \"Hank the Deuce\", was the oldest son of Edsel Ford and oldest grandson of Henry Ford. He was president of the Ford Motor Company from 1945 to 1960, chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) from 1960 to 1979, and chairman for several months thereafter. Notably, under the leadership of Henry Ford II, Ford Motor Company became a publicly traded corporation in 1956. From 1943 to 1950, he also served as president of the Ford Foundation.", "Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was the American founder of the Ford Motor Company and father of modern assembly lines used in mass production . His introduction of the Model T automobile revolutionized transportation and American industry. He was a prolific inventor and was awarded 161 U.S. patents .", "Henry Ford created the first inexpensive mass-produced automobile -- the Model T -- and revolutionized American industry by developing and refining assembly line manufacturing. Ford began his working life as a machinist, then became an engineer with the Edison Illuminating Company. (He and Thomas Edison remained close friends for decades.) In his spare time Ford tinkered with creating a motorized vehicle, and in 1896 introduced the Quadricycle, a four-wheeled cart with a gasoline engine. (Ford has often been credited with inventing the automobile, though historians now agree he was only one of many people who built motorized cars.) In 1903 the Ford Motor Company was founded, and in 1908 Ford introduced the Model T. By 1924 10 million Model T cars had been sold and Detroit had become the auto-making capital of America. Ford remained one of the country's most famous and influential businessmen until his death in 1947.", "Henry Ford died of a cerebral hemorrhage on April 7, 1947, at the age of 83, near his Dearborn estate, Fair Lane. Ford, considered one of America's leading businessmen , is credited today for helping to build America's economy during the nation's vulnerable early years. His legacy will live on for decades to come.", "Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was the founder of the Ford Motor Company. He was one of the first to apply assembly line manufacturing to the mass production of affordable automobiles.", "American car manufacturer, Henry Ford (1863-1947) invented an improved assembly line and installed the first conveyor belt-based assembly line in his car factory in Ford's Highland Park, Michigan plant, around 1913-14. The assembly line reduced production costs for cars by reducing assembly time. Ford's famous Model T was assembled in ninety-three minutes. Ford made his first car, called the \"Quadricycle,\" in June, 1896. However, success came after he formed the Ford Motor Company in 1903. This was the third car manufacturing company formed to produce the cars he designed. He introduced the Model T in 1908 and it was a success. After installing the moving assembly lines in his factory in 1913, Ford became the world's biggest car manufacturer. By 1927, 15 million Model Ts had been manufactured.", "Ford's last years were frustrating. He never accepted the changes brought about by the Great Depression (a period in the 1930s marked by severe economic hardship) and the 1930s New Deal , President Franklin D. Roosevelt's (1882–1945) plan to help the United States recover from the Great Depression. He fell under the spell of Harry Bennett, a notorious figure with connections to organized crime, who, as head of Ford's security department, influenced every phase of company operations and created friction between Ford and his son Edsel. For various reasons Ford, alone in his industry, refused to cooperate with the National Recovery Administration, a 1930s government agency that prepared and oversaw codes of fair competition for businesses and industries. He did not like labor unions, refused to recognize the United Automobile Workers (UAW), and brutally restricted their attempts to organize the workers of his company.", "US motor manufacturer. He was a pioneer of mass production and had a profound influence on the widespread use of motor vehicles. In 1909 Ford produced his famous Model T, of which 15 million were made over the next 19 years at gradually reducing prices due to large-scale manufacture, a succession of simple assembly tasks, and the use of a conveyor belt. He went on to produce a cheap and effective farm tractor, the Fordson, which had a great effect on agricultural mechanization. Control of the Ford Motor Company passed to his grandson, Henry Ford II (1917–87), in 1945 and is now a huge multinational corporation. Among the first Henry Ford's philanthropic legacies is the Ford Foundation (established 1936), a major charitable trust.", "In ill health, Ford ceded the presidency to his grandson Henry Ford II in September 1945 and went into retirement. He died in 1947 of a cerebral hemorrhage at age 83 in Fair Lane, his Dearborn estate. A public viewing was held at Greenfield Village where up to 5,000 people per hour filed past the casket. Funeral services were held in Detroit's Cathedral Church of St. Paul and he was buried in the Ford Cemetery in Detroit.", "Henry Ford II was president of Ford Motor Company from 1945 to 1960. In 1956, under his leadership, the company became a publicly traded corporation and dedicated its new world headquarters building. When he resigned the presidency, he became CEO of the company. During his term as CEO of Ford, he resided in Grosse Pointe, Michigan. On July 13, 1960 he was additionally elected Chairman; he resigned as CEO on October 1, 1979, and as Chairman in 1980. His nephew, William Clay Ford, Jr. would later assume these positions after 20 years of non-Ford family management of the company. During the interim, the family interests were represented on the board by Henry's younger brother William Clay Ford, Sr., as well as Henry's son Edsel Ford II and his nephew William Clay Ford, Jr.", "A stroke in 1938 slowed Ford, but he did not trust Edsel and so continued to exercise control of his company. During World War II (1939–45; a war fought between the Axis: Germany, Italy, and Japan—and the Allies: England, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States), Ford at first made pacifist, or peace-minded, statements, but changed his mind and contributed greatly to the war effort. Ford's grandson, Henry Ford II, took over the company after the war. Henry Ford died on April 7, 1947, in Dearborn.", "American motor vehicle industry pioneer Henry Ford (1863 - 1947) standing next to the first and the ten millionth Model-T Ford.  Keystone Features / Hulton Archive / Getty Images", "Michigan's economy underwent a transformation at the turn of the 20th century. Many individuals, including Ransom E. Olds, John and Horace Dodge, Henry Leland, David Dunbar Buick, Henry Joy, Charles King, and Henry Ford, provided the concentration of engineering know-how and technological enthusiasm to start the birth of the automotive industry. Ford's development of the moving assembly line in Highland Park marked the beginning of a new era in transportation. Like the steamship and railroad, it was a far-reaching development. More than the forms of public transportation, the automobile transformed private life. It became the major industry of Detroit and Michigan, and permanently altered the socio-economic life of the United States and much of the world.", "It was on October 1,1908, just about a month before William Howard Taft defeated William Jennings Bryan for the Presidency of the United States, that the Ford Motor Company unveiled the little machine that many historians think of as the most significant automobile of all time -- the 1908-1927 Ford Model T.", "Edsel Ford died in 1943, and Henry Ford returned to the presidency of Ford Motor Company briefly before handing it over to his grandson, Henry Ford II, in 1945. He died two years later at his Dearborn home, at the age of 83.", "The car got 25 miles to the gallon and had a 20-horsepower engine running a two speed transmission and could reach 45 mph. Vanadium steel gave the car both durability and a lighter weight. In 1914, Ford put out 308,162 cars, more than all the other car makers combined. More than 15 million of the cars were made before production ceased on May 26, 1927. The next day, the retooling began for Ford’s new Model. Again, not quite following the alphabet, the next Model offered to the general public was the Model A.", "The influence of the aging Henry Ford, however, was declining. Edsel Ford died in 1943 and two year later Henry officially turned over control of the company to Henry II, Edsel’s son. Henry I retired to Fair Lane, his estate in Dearborn, where he died on April 7, 1947 at age 83.", "On May 26, 1943, Edsel Ford died, leaving a vacancy in the company presidency. Henry Ford advocated Harry Bennett to take the spot. Edsel's widow Eleanor, who had inherited Edsel's voting stock, wanted her son Henry Ford II to take over the position. The issue was settled for a period when Henry himself, at the age of 79, took over the presidency personally. Henry Ford II was released from the navy and became an executive vice president, while Harry Bennett had a seat on the board and was responsible for personnel, labor relations, and public relations.", "After this initial success, Ford left Edison Illuminating and, with other investors, formed the Detroit Automobile Company. The Detroit Automobile Company went bankrupt soon afterward because Ford continued to improve the design, instead of selling cars. Ford raced his vehicles against those of other manufacturers to show the superiority of his designs. With his interest in race cars, he formed a second company, the Henry Ford Company. During this period, he personally drove his Quadricycle to victory in a race against Alexander Winton, a well-known driver and the heavy favorite on October 10, 1901. Ford was forced out of the company by the investors, including Henry M. Leland in 1902, and the company was reorganized as Cadillac.", "Henry Ford was born July 30, 1863, on a farm in Greenfield Township (near Detroit, Michigan). His father, William Ford (1826–1905), was born in County Cork, Ireland . His mother, Mary Litogot Ford (1839–1876), was born in Michigan; she was the youngest child of Belgian immigrants; her parents died when Mary was a child and she was adopted by neighbors, the O'Herns. Henry Ford's siblings include Margaret Ford (1867–1938); Jane Ford (c. 1868–1945); William Ford (1871–1917) and Robert Ford (1873–1934).", "When Thomas Edison died in 1941; Henry Ford captured his last dying breath in a bottle.", "On May 26, 1927 Henry Ford and his son Edsel, drove the 15 millionth Model T out of the factory. This marked the famous automobile's official last day of production at the main factory.", "Jim Clark died in a crash at the Hockenheim race circuit in Germany in 1968. It was a tragic and much-too-soon end for a man still considered to rank among the greatest race drivers of all time. The Henry Ford is proud to preserve so many pieces from his seminal Indianapolis 500 win.", "Henry Ford starts production of the Model T Ford car; the Boy Scouts movement is founded by Robert Baden-Powell; Kenneth Graham publishes \"Wind in the Willows\"; the concept of television is expounded by Scotsman A A C Swinton.", "Henry Ford with Thomas Edison and Harvey Firestone. Ft. Myers , Florida , February 11, 1929.", "Henry Ford II resigned as Chairman of the Ford Motor Company after naming Philip Caldwell his successor. With Ford's resignation, the era of the Ford family as an automotive dynasty temporarily ended. Henry II was, like his grandfather, a tough and formidable leader. He reorganized the company and instituted a modern bookkeeping system. His father, Edsel, had been considered a dreamer by Henry I. Edsel had spent much of his energy designing cars and improving Ford's labor relationships. He hadn't been a hard-edged businessman and often drew his father's criticism on those grounds. Like the archetypal ruling families of England, the Ford family followed its own generational legacy: Henry the Great, Edsel the Confessor, and Henry II. It sounds like Shakespeare.", "Henry Ford with Thomas Edison and Harvey Firestone . Ft. Myers , Florida , February 11, 1929.", "Although Henry Ford is commonly referred to as the father of this industry in North America," ]

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[ "Alan \"Al\" Greenwood (born October 20, 1951, New York) is an American rock musician who was a founding member and keyboardist of the rock band Foreigner from 1976 to 1980. He performed on the albums Foreigner (1977), Double Vision (1978) and Head Games (1979).", "Edward John 'Ed' Gagliardi (February 13, 1952 – May 11, 2014) was an American bass guitarist who was the original bass player for the 1970s rock band Foreigner. He was a member of Foreigner from the beginning in 1976. Gagliardi, most notably, played a red Rickenbacker bass guitar, left-handed even though he was naturally right-handed. It is widely known that he did so out of admiration, and devotion to Paul McCartney (most often self-doctored from right handed basses, reengineered and played upside down, by Gagliardi himself). Gagliardi was on the albums Foreigner and Double Vision, but was fired from the group in 1979.", "Gagliardi was part of Foreigner’s original lineup from 1976 to 1979 with founding members Lou Gramm, guitarist Mick Jones, keyboardist Al Greenwood, drummer Dennis Elliott and Ian McDonald. He was part of the group’s early success on its self-titled 1977 debut that spawned hit singles “Feels Like The First Time” and “Cold As Ice” as well as the 1978 follow up Double Vision featuring hit songs “Hot Blooded” and “Double Vision.”", "1952 ● Edward John Gagliardi → Original bassist for arena rock Foreigner , “Double Vision” (#2, 1978), left to form The Spys with Foreigner keyboardist Al Greenwood in 1978", "Despite being based in New York, Jones’s search immediately uncovered a second Brit in ex-King Crimson guitarist and Middlesex-born Ian McDonald, who was first to join the fold. The multi-talented musician was shortly followed by American keyboard player Al Greenwood, English drummer Dennis Elliott and US born Ed Gagliardi on bass.", "Original bassist Ed Gagliardi died on May 11, 2014, aged 62, after an eight-year battle with cancer. Although discussions of an original member reunion had been proposed, the original band had not performed together since 1979.", "The Zombies are an English rock band. Formed in 1961 in St Albans and led by Rod Argent on piano and Colin Blunstone on vocals, the band scored US hits in the mid- and late-1960s with \"She's Not There\", \"Tell Her No\", and \"Time of the Season\". Their 1968 album \"Odessey and Oracle\", is ranked 80 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. ", "The Eagles were an American rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1971 by Glenn Frey, Don Henley, Bernie Leadon, and Randy Meisner. With five number-one singles, six Grammy Awards, five American Music Awards, and six number one albums, the Eagles were one of the most successful musical acts of the 1970s. At the end of the 20th century, two of their albums, Their Greatest Hits (1971–1975) and Hotel California, were ranked among the 20 best-selling albums in the United States according to the Recording Industry Association of America. Hotel California is ranked 37th in Rolling Stones list of \"The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time\" and the band was ranked number 75 on the magazine's 2004 list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. ", "Alabama 3 are an English band mixing rock, electronic, blues, country, gospel, and spoken word styles, founded in Brixton, London in 1995. In the United States, the band is known as A3, allegedly to avoid any possible legal conflict with the country music band Alabama. The group achieved success when the producers of hit TV series The Sopranos chose the track \"Woke Up This Morning\" for the show's opening credits.", "The Hollies are an English pop/rock group known for their pioneering and distinctive three part vocal harmony style. The Hollies became one of the leading British groups of the 1960s (231 weeks on the UK singles charts during the 1960s; the 9th highest of any artist of the decade) and into the mid 1970s. It was formed by Allan Clarke and Graham Nash in late 1962 as a Merseybeat type music group in Manchester, although some of the band members came from towns north of there. Graham Nash left the group in 1968 to form the supergroup Crosby, Stills & Nash.", "Sly and the Family Stone were an American rock, funk, and soul band from San Francisco. Active from 1967 to 1983, the band was pivotal in the development of soul, funk, and psychedelic music. Headed by singer, songwriter, record producer, and multi-instrumentalist Sly Stone, and containing several of his family members and friends, the band was the first major American rock band to have an \"integrated, multi-gender\" lineup.", "Crosby, Stills & Nash (CSN) is a folk rock supergroup made up of David Crosby, Stephen Stills and Graham Nash, and they become Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young (CSNY) when joined by occasional fourth member Neil Young. They are noted for their intricate vocal harmonies, often tumultuous interpersonal relationships, political activism, and lasting influence on American music and culture. All four members of CSNY have been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice, though Young’s inductions were for work not involving the group.", "Tim Rose left The Big 3 in 1964, and Elliot and Hendricks teamed with Canadians Zal Yanovsky and Denny Doherty to form The Mugwumps. This group lasted eight months, after which Cass performed as a solo act for a while. In the meantime, Yanovsky and John Sebastian co-founded The Lovin' Spoonful, while Doherty joined The New Journeymen, a group that also included John Phillips and his wife Michelle. In 1965, Doherty persuaded Phillips that Elliot should join the group, which she did while she and the group members were vacationing in the Virgin Islands.", "Elliott had been in a number of bands, starting out in Gerry Storme and the Falcons formed in 1959. This band became Eddie G. Marten and The Falcons in 1960. Elliott then joined Jazz band The Bob Price Quintet in 1960, which he stayed with until 1962. While playing with Bob Price, Elliott also played in Ricky Shaw and the Dolphins, he replaced their drummer Alan Buck. In 1962 Ricky Shaw and the Dolphins became The Dolphins without their rhythm guitarist John Shaw. This band split later in 1962. In Early 1963 Elliott joined Shane Fenton and the Fentones replacing their drummer George Rodda. Elliott did not stay long and he left in April 1963 and was replaced by drummer Don Burrell (b. Donald Burrell). The Fentones carried on until September 1965, while Elliott joined The Hollies in August 1963. ", "The Zombies were the second UK group following the Beatles to score a #1 hit in America. With gorgeous melodies, breathy vocals, choral back-up harmonies and a jazzy influence, The Zombies ruled the 1960’s with hit singles like “She’s Not There” and “Tell Her No”. Ironically, the group broke-up in 1968 just prior to achieving their greatest success – the chart-topping single “Time of the Season”, from their swan-song album “Odessey & Oracle” (recently ranked #80 in Rolling Stone’s “500 Greatest Albums of All Time”). Lead singer Colin Blunstone went on to develop an acclaimed solo career, while keyboardist/songwriter Rod Argent rocked arenas in the 70’s with his eponymous band ARGENT.", "A set of studio musicians were assembled by Don Kirshner in 1968 to perform various songs. The most famous is \" Sugar, Sugar \", written by Jeff Barry and Andy Kim , which went to #1 on the pop chart in 1969, sold over six million copies, and was awarded a gold disc . [2] In Billboard 's Hot 100 , it was ranked as the number one song of that year, the only time a fictional band has ever claimed Billboard's annual Hot 100 top spot. Other Top 40 songs recorded by The Archies include \"Who's Your Baby?\" (U.S. #40), \"Bang-Shang-A-Lang\" (U.S. #22), and \"Jingle Jangle\" (U.S. #10). \"Jingle Jangle\" also sold over one million copies, garnering a second gold disc award. [2]", "Soft Cell are an electronic music duo that came to prominence in the early 80s. They consist of vocalist Marc Almond and instrumentalist David Ball. The duo is most widely known for their 1981 worldwide hit version of \"Tainted Love\" and influential multi-platinum debut ''Non-Stop Erotic Cabaret''. In the UK, they had five Top 5 hits, including \"Bedsitter\", \"Say Hello, Wave Goodbye\", \"Torch\" and \"What!\", and also had four Top 20 albums between 1981 and 1984. The duo split in 1984, but reformed in the early 2000s to tour and released a new album in 2002. Their songs have been covered by various artists including David Gray, Marilyn Manson, Nouvelle Vague and A-ha.", "During these fertile years, Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff were able to tailor songs for various artists and musical styles. They emphasized Lou Rawls’ deep bass voice for the hit “You’ll Never Find Another Love Like Mine.” When the Jackson Five left Motown in 1976, they recorded their first two Epic LP’s in Philadelphia—with Gamble-Huff songs and the Philadelphia International production crew. Gamble and Huff even wrote hits for the PIR house band, MFSB, creating the long-running theme for the TV dance show Soul Train, “TSOP (The Sound of Philadelphia).”", "In August, Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young score their third USA no.1 in a row (UK no.25) with a greatest hits album. Consisting of 11 tracks compiled from only 22 recorded by the band, Graham Nash describes it as \"absurd\"'. It includes his tracks 'Teach Your Children' and 'Our House'.", "Throughout the History of Popular Music and in particular the \"Swinging Sixties\" the \"Charts\" have been dominated by groups. These inevitably produced a front man, usually with a distinctive vocal style that became that group's signature. The Searchers were one such 60's group, sweeping to fame in 1963 with their first recording, \"Sweets for My Sweet\" which was the first of three No. 1 hits, followed by no less than 14 more chart hits. Voted second only to the Beatles in 1964, the Searchers became a household name on both sides of the Atlantic. After the first two hits, one man emerged as the Creator of the Searchers sound that was to become a legend. The man responsible for those highly distinctive vocals and that \"jangly\" 12-string guitar is Mike Pender. Today the sounds of the sixties are as popular as ever. Mike Pender's Searchers still travel the U.K. and many continents singing, playing and creating that distinctive sound which has become a legend in popular music.", "Johnny Kidd - who led his band The Pirates to the top of the UK chart with \"Shakin' All Over\" in 1960, was killed in an auto accident on October 7th, 1966. He was just 30 years old", "Joe Brown & his Bruvvers; The Crystals; Johnny Kidd and the Pirates; Heinz and the Saints; Daryl Quist; Mike Preston; Manfred Mann; Kevin Kirk.  Al Paige (compere).", "Soft Cell are an English synthpop duo who came to prominence in the early 1980s. They consist of vocalist Marc Almond and instrumentalist David Ball. The duo are principally known for their 1981 hit version of \"Tainted Love\" and 1981 debut album entitled Non-Stop Erotic Cabaret.", "The Hi Rhythm Section was the house band for Willie Mitchell’s Hi Records label in the 1970s, and recorded many successful soul albums with artists including Al Green and Ann Peebles.  The band was originally organized by Mitchell at his Royal Recording Studio during the late 60s. Members of the group include brothers Mabon “Teenie” Hodges on guitar, Leroy Hodges on bass, and Charles Hodges on keyboards, with Al Jackson, Jr. or Howard Grimes on drums.", "\"Stuck in the Middle with You\" (sometimes known as \"Stuck in the Middle\") is a song written by Gerry Rafferty and Joe Egan and originally performed by their band Stealers Wheel.", "The Crystals - The Crystals, a singing group from the New York City area, were one of the most successful girl groups of the early 1960s, best remembered for the hit singles \"He's A Rebel\", \"Da Doo Ron Ron\" and \"Then He Kissed Me\". In the early 1960s, Barbara Alston, Mary Thomas, Dolores \"Dee Dee\" Kenniebrew, Myrna Girard and Patricia \"Patsy\" Wright formed The Crystals through the help of Benny Wells, Barbara's uncle. Soon, the quintet signed with Phil Spector's label Philles Records. Spector then chose Alston to be the group's lead singer by default, which made her very uncomfortable since she had a fear of singing in front of audiences. Their first hit was 1961's \"There's No Other Like My Baby\" (see 1961 in music). This song's A-side \"Oh Yeah, Maybe Baby\" (featuring Wright on lead) didn't generate the interest that the more late 50s R&B-flavored, \"Chantels-like\" B-side did. Their second release, \"Uptown\" was very topical and socially-aware, as it had the group crooning about loving a boy in the ghetto. After the success of \"Uptown\", a pregnant Girard was replaced by Dolores \"LaLa\" Brooks. The next single was 1962's \"He Hit Me (And It Felt Like a Kiss)\", still widely remembered though only rarely played on the radio due to the touchy subject matter of spousal abuse. Sales were sluggish. ' Artist Discography '", "Together with a 4th brother, Vernon, the group originally performed gospel music until Vernon's death. After moving to New York in the late 50s, the group had modest chart successes and first came to prominence in 1959 with their 4th single, \"Shout\", which was written by the three brothers. Initially it was a modest hit but eventually sold over a million copies. Afterwards the group recorded modestly successful works for a variety of labels, including \"Twist and Shout\" and the Motown single, \"This Old Heart of Mine (Is Weak for You)\" before recording and issuing the Grammy Award-winning hit, \"It's Your Thing\" on their own label, T-Neck Records.", "The band began as Jeckell and The Hydes in New Jersey in 1965. The original members were Mark Gutkowski, Floyd Marcus, Pat Karwan, Steve Mortkowitz, and Frank Jeckell - all from Linden, New Jersey.", "The release of Let It Bleed (UK number 1; US 3) came in December. Their last album of the sixties, Let It Bleed featured \" Gimmie Shelter \" (with backing vocals by female vocalist Merry Clayton ), \" You Can't Always Get What You Want \", \" Midnight Rambler \", as well as a cover of Robert Johnson 's \" Love in Vain \". Jones and Taylor are featured on two tracks each. Many of these numbers were played during the band's US tour in November 1969, their first in three years. Just after the tour the band also staged the Altamont Free Concert , at the Altamont Speedway , about 60 km east of San Francisco . The biker gang Hells Angels provided security, which resulted in a fan, Meredith Hunter , being stabbed and beaten to death by the Angels. [46] Part of the tour and the Altamont concert were documented in Albert and David Maysles ' film Gimme Shelter . As a response to the growing popularity of bootleg recordings , the album Get Yer Ya-Yas Out! (UK 1; US 6) was released in 1970; it was declared by critic Lester Bangs to be the best live album ever. [47]", "In October 1979, the group released their second album, Reggatta de Blanc, which topped the UK Albums Chart, and became the first of five consecutive UK No. 1 albums. The album spawned the hit singles \"Message in a Bottle\" (No. 1 UK, No. 2 Canada, No. 5 Australia) and \"Walking on the Moon\" (No. 1 UK). Elsewhere, the album's singles failed to dent the U.S. top 40, but Reggatta de Blanc still hit No. 25 on the U.S. album charts.", "Dennis Lambert was the songwriter behind 60s-80s hits such as \"One Tin Soldier\", �Rhinestone Cowboy�, and �Ain�t No Woman Like the One I Got�. His one and only solo album, Bags and Things, flopped in the US in 1972. After business dried up for him in the music industry, Lambert moved to Florida to sell real estate, only then realizing that he was still huge in the Philippines, where he then went on tour.", "On December 4, 1970, Dennis released his first piece of solo material, a little-known single released only in Europe and the UK under the name \"Dennis Wilson & Rumbo.\" The single featured \"Sound of Free\", on his usual theme of freedom, on the A-side with the romantic \"Lady\" (also known as \"Fallin' In Love\") on the B-side. The song was later covered by American Spring and released as the B-side to their single \"Shyin' Away\"." ]

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[ "But before we dive a little deeper into this song, let's go over the basic sequence of events described in this ballad. As the story unfolds, the speaker is driving on a dark desert highway late at night. He feels the wind in his hair and smells some desert flowers. Before long, he starts to feel drowsy and stops at a hotel for the night. You guessed it: it's the Hotel California. A mysterious woman stands and greets him at the door like a Homeric siren, luring the weary traveler with her seductive song. This female figure plays a central role in the song, though we never learn all that much about her. All the while, the speaker isn't sure what to make of the place. He starts to hear voices singing about how lovely and pleasant it is to stay at the hotel. The woman is rich and fun loving, and her friends are beautiful.", "Eagles - Hotel California On a dark desert highway, cool wind in my hair...this is one of the finest ever made.", "Frey came up with a cinematic scenario of a person who, tired from driving a long distance in a desert, saw a place for a rest and pulled in for the night, but entered \"a weird world peopled by freaky characters\", and became \"quickly spooked by the claustrophobic feeling of being caught in a disturbing web from which he may never escape.\" In an interview with Cameron Crowe, Frey said that he and Henley wanted the song \"to open like an episode of the Twilight Zone\", and added: \"We take this guy and make him like a character in The Magus, where every time he walks through a door there’s a new version of reality. We wanted to write a song just like it was a movie.\" Frey described the song in an interview with NBC's Bob Costas as a cinematic montage \"just one shot to the next ... a picture of a guy on the highway, a picture of the hotel, the guy walks in, the door opens, strange people.\" Frey continued: \"We decided to create something strange, just to see if we could do it.\" Henley then wrote most of the lyrics based on Frey's idea, and sought inspiration for the writing by driving out into the desert as well as from films and theater.", "The song, which is one of their heavier tracks, is frequently played amongst their live sets. During live performances, vocalist Kelly Jones has been known to utilise the two bars without vocals before the final chorus to reference the Motörhead song \"Ace of Spades\". The lyrics therefore are \"The ace of spades, the ace of spades. The bartender and the thief were lovers...\"", "15th Symphony, which Lynch had been listening to regularly while writing the screenplay. Lynch had originally opted to use \"Song To The Siren\" by This Mortal Coil during the scene in which Sandy and Jeffrey share a dance, however he could not obtain the rights for the song at the time. He would go onto use this song in Lost Highway, eleven years later. ", "Kristofferson and Nelson expanded their partnership into a supergroup quartet with the addition of Johnny Cash and Waylon Jennings to create the album Highwayman, released in April 1985. The title track, a song about reincarnation written by Jimmy Webb, with each group member taking a verse, topped the country charts in August and the LP was also a number one country hit, going gold. A second single, Guy Clark's \"Desperados Waiting for a Train,\" made the country Top 20. The recordings were billed to the four participants by name, but the group came to be known informally as \"the Highwaymen,\" though a settlement had to be made with the 1960s folk group of the same name for the name to be used legally.", "*The song was also used in Oliver Stone's 1991 film The Doors, where it plays while the band explored drugs in the desert.", "Then comes the title cut, which kicks off what I’ve always thought of as a three-song nightmare suite: “Highway 61 Revisited”, “Just Like Tom Thumb’s Blues”, and the majestic “Desolation Row”. The songs pile up a series of incongruous images, from the demanding god of Highway 61, where the good, the bad, and the horrid are all quite at home, to the story of Tom Thumb kicking around Juarez.", "Aerosmith's third album includes some of their best known songs, including \"Walk This Way,\" \"Sweet Emotion,\" and the storming title track. \"Walk This Way\" starts out with a two measure drum beat intro by Joey Kramer, followed by the well known guitar riff by Joe Perry. The song proceeds with the main riff made famous by Perry and Brad Whitford on guitar with Tom Hamilton on bass. The song continues with rapid fire lyrics by Steven Tyler. The song originated in December 1974 during a sound check when Aerosmith was opening for The Guess Who in Honolulu. During the sound check, Perry was \"fooling around with riffs and thinking about The Meters\", a group guitarist Jeff Beck had turned him on to. Loving \"their riffy New Orleans funk, especially 'Cissy Strut' and 'People Say'\", he asked the drummer \"to lay down something flat with a groove on the drums.\" The guitar riff to what would become \"Walk This Way\" just \"came off [his] hands.\" Needing a bridge, he: ", "\"Further On Up The Road\" and \"Maria's Bed\" both contain the lines, \"Got on my dead man's suit and smiling skull ring, lucky graveyard boots and a song to sing.\" There's also a line in both songs about being \"out in the desert, doing my time.\"", "A much shortened version of a lengthy Morton composition, �Remember (Walkin� In The Sand)� (1965) with eerie, ethereal vocals and ocean sounds, became The Shangri-Las� first hit. They followed up with the definitive teen death classic, �Leader Of The Pack�, a song about an innocent teenage girl�s romance with a motorcycle-riding hoodlum, and his subsequent death in a bike crash. Other Shangri-Las hits included �Give Him A Great Big Kiss� (1965), another death-rock themed song, �Give Us Your Blessings� (1965), �I Can Never Go Home Anymore� (1965), and �Long Live Our Love� (1966). Projecting both innocence and sensuality, the group members dressed in leather or other skin-tight clothing, wore high boots, and were photographed in provocative poses. While there were four women in the group, most often only three (the Ganser twins and Mary Weiss) would tour at a time. (Recruited by Morton, drummer Joseph Alexander would briefly join the group.) Leaving Red Bird for Mercury Records in 1966, the group faded from the charts. With lawsuits raging between their past record companies, The Shangri-Las disbanded in 1968. Marguerite Ganser then returned to her schooling, earning a high school diploma.", "\" Highway to Hell \" was originally performed by AC/DC in 1979. The song was recorded by Marilyn Manson and released on the soundtrack to the film Detroit Rock City in 1999.", "What's the song playing when they first arrive in the desert and all you see is the line up of hummers coming through the heat waves? (from J in canada)", "8. Set The Fire To The Third Bar(3:24) 9. Headlights On Dark Roads (3:31) 10. Open Your Eyes (5:41) 11. The Finish Line(3:29)", "Dylan commences the title song of his album, \"Highway 61 Revisited\", with the words \"Oh God said to Abraham, 'Kill me a son'/Abe says, 'Man, you must be puttin' me on'\". As Gill has pointed out, Abraham was the name of Dylan's father, which makes the singer the son whom God wants killed. Gill comments that it is befitting that this song, celebrating a highway central to the history of the blues, is a \"raucous blues boogie\". He notes that the scope of the song broadens to make the highway a road of endless possibilities, peopled by dubious characters and culminating in a promoter who \"seriously considers staging World War III out on Highway 61\". The song is punctuated by the sound of a \"Siren Whistle\", credited as \"Police Car\" to Dylan in the album liner notes. \"Highway 61 Revisited\" was released as the B-side of his \"Can You Please Crawl Out Your Window?\" single on November 30, 1965. ", "Wreck On The Highway - by Bruce Springsteen. A great song about a young man dying on the highway, with imagined images of the state trooper breaking the word to girl friend or young wife. Lyrics", "\"Now It's Dark\", a song by American heavy metal band Anthrax on their 1988 album State of Euphoria, was directly inspired by the film, and specifically the character of Frank Booth. The same phrase appeared in the liner notes of Rush's album Roll the Bones, and drummer Neil Peart later explained that \"The phrase occurs in David Lynch's comedy classic Blue Velvet.\"", "Listen To This! - A revisited version of SO MANY ROADS from Along for the Ride (Eagle 2001) - Produced by David Z, w/ Buddy Whittington, Otis Rush, Greg Rzab, Joe Yuele, Reese Wynans. (Listen2)", "* The song \"Death and Hell\" from the album The Road Goes on Forever by the country supergroup The Highwaymen, featuring Johnny Cash and Waylon Jennings, mentions the Pontchartrain.", "Not really a teen death song, but Johnny Cash's 'Long Black Veil' is another death song that I think stands alone, in that the protagonist of the song has been accused of murder, but he doesn't even defend himself, in that the night of the dastardly deed, he had been in the arms of his best friend's wife. And now she walks the hills in a long black veil...", "\"Telegraph Road\" is a song by British rock band Dire Straits and written by Mark Knopfler. It appeared on their 1982 album Love over Gold. ", "The album also contains several references to The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams :", "The track \"Livin' It Up\" on Limp Bizkit's album Chocolate Starfish and the Hot Dog Flavored Water samples the phrase life in the fast lane throughout. Frey, Henley, and Walsh are credited in the \"lyrics by\" portion of the liner notes.", "Nightmare No.5 - by Al Kooper. Ok, a reader suggested this one. I've never heard it but the reader said: a song about a 16-year old boy who died on the road. \"The stranger's name was death\" Lyrics", "\"Me and Billy the Kid\", by Joe Ely on his 1987 album Lord of the Highway. [147]", "In “roadsinger,” the illuminating title track to Yusuf’s new album, he asks, “Where do you go in a world filled with fright? Only a song to warm you through the night.” ", "The song \"Death and Hell\" from the album  The Road Goes on Forever  by the country supergroup  The Highwaymen , featuring the late  Johnny Cash  and  Waylon Jennings , mentions the Pontchartrain.", "The song \"The Eyes of Roberto Durán\" by Tom Russell is featured on the album The Long Way Around, and contains the lyric, \"Panama City it's three in the morning, they're talking 'bout the Hands of Stone.\"", "The song 'The Eyes of Roberto Durán' by Tom Russell is featured on the album 'The Long Way Around' and contains the lyric, \"Panama City it's 3 in the morning, they're talking 'bout the Hands of Stone.\"", "In January 2007, a tribute album , entitled Endless Highway: The Music of The Band , was released which included contributions by My Morning Jacket , Death Cab for Cutie , Gomez , Guster , Bruce Hornsby , Jack Johnson and ALO , Lee Ann Womack , The Allman Brothers Band , Blues Traveler , Jakob Dylan , and Rosanne Cash , amongst others.", "\"Mirage Bedouin.\" It's one of the tracks in the Jarhead sountrack (thanks to Cage Oukami, Birmingham)  add more info", "trekking out into the desert or where ever to listen to our new track - it" ]

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[ "Katharine Hepburn won her third Oscar for \"The Lion in Winter\", playing brassy queen Eleanor of Aquitaine. Her role is sort of an interesting counterbalance to Peter O'Toole, as King Henry II. That is, she's elderly and he's young. Maybe it was an allusion to the growing generation gap in the world at the time.", "Katharine Hepburn in her monumental role as the witty, strong-willed, aging Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine in The Lion in Winter, who battles with co-star Peter O'Toole's King Henry II over the succession of Richard I (Anthony Hopkins). Her nomination (her eleventh of twelve career nominations) was a record-breaker in itself - it was the highest number of nominations ever recorded up to that time in the Academy's history. Hepburn's win was also a record for Oscar winners - it was Hepburn's third Best Actress Oscar - she had just won her second Oscar the year before for Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967) and had won earlier for Morning Glory (1932/3). She became the first person to win three Academy Awards in either the Best Actor or Best Actress categories. Her total of three Oscar wins tied her with Walter Brennan (who also had three Oscar wins - all Best Supporting Actor awards - that were given to him in 1936, 1938, and 1940). [Hepburn would win her fourth and final Oscar thirteen years later for On Golden Pond (1981).]", "The return to the stage was in a play called The Philadelphia Story.  Her portrayal of spoiled socialite Tracy Lord received rave reviews. In 1940 Hepburn returned to Hollywood to make the film version of The Philadelphia Story. The film was one of the biggest hits of the year and earned Hepburn her third Oscar® nomination. After that success she appeared for the first time with Spencer Tracy in 1942’s Woman of the Year. Tracy and Hepburn would make nine films together over the next twenty-five years and become one the greatest screen couples ever. Their final appearance together would be 1967’s Guess Who’s Coming To Dinner, which was a blockbuster hit and earned Hepburn her 2nd Oscar® win. The following year she appeared in The Lion in Winter. She amazingly won her 3rd Oscar® win for Best Actress. Following her back to back Oscar® wins, Hepburn’s movie career took another downward spiral.", "With so many flops, she came to be labeled “box-office poison.” She decided to go back to Broadway to star in “The Philadelphia Story” (1938), and was rewarded with a smash. She quickly bought the film rights, and so was able to negotiate her way back to Hollywood on her own terms, including her choice of director and co-stars. The film version of The Philadelphia Story (1940), was a box-office hit, and Hepburn, who won her third Oscar nomination for the film, was bankable again. For her next film, Woman of the Year (1942), she was paired with Spencer Tracy, and the chemistry between them lasted for eight more films, spanning the course of 25 years, and a romance that lasted that long off-screen. (She received her fourth Oscar nomination for the film.) Their films included the very successful Adam’s Rib (1949), Pat and Mike (1952), and Desk Set (1957).", "With so many flops, she came to be labeled \"box-office poison.\" She decided to go back to Broadway to star in \"The Philadelphia Story\" (1938), and was rewarded with a smash. She quickly bought the film rights, and so was able to negotiate her way back to Hollywood on her own terms, including her choice of director and co-stars. The film version of The Philadelphia Story (1940), was a box-office hit, and Hepburn, who won her third Oscar nomination for the film, was bankable again. For her next film, Woman of the Year (1942), she was paired with Spencer Tracy , and the chemistry between them lasted for eight more films, spanning the course of 25 years, and a romance that lasted that long off-screen. (She received her fourth Oscar nomination for the film.) Their films included the very successful Adam's Rib (1949), Pat and Mike (1952), and Desk Set (1957).", "In just her third film role, Hepburn won her first Oscar as aspiring actress Eva Lovelace, who comes to New York to be a Broadway star, sacrificing all for her goal. Don’t miss the real scene where a slightly tipsy Eva quotes Shakespeare at a party, wowing the jaded audience with her power. Adolphe Menjou and Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. co-star. Morning Glory may be a touch melodramatic, but hey, it's about theater in New York in 1933.", "KATHERINE HEPBURN achieved and still holds the record of four Oscars for Best Female Acting in a Leading and/or Supporting role. Nominated 12 times (and all for Leading Roles only) during a span of 48 years, her four Oscars were awarded for 1933 (\"Morning Glory\"), 1967 (\"Guess Who's Coming To Dinner\"), 1968 (\"The Lion In Winter\") and 1981 (\"On Golden Pond\").", "Following minor appearances in several films, Hepburn starred in the 1951 Broadway play Gigi after being spotted by French novelist Colette, on whose work the play was based. She shot to stardom for playing the lead role in Roman Holiday (1953), for which she was the first actress to win an Academy Award, a Golden Globe and a BAFTA Award for a single performance. The same year Hepburn won a Tony Award for Best Lead Actress in a Play for her performance in Ondine. She went on to star in a number of successful films, such as Sabrina (1954), The Nun's Story (1959), Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961), Charade (1963), My Fair Lady (1964) and Wait Until Dark (1967), for which she received Academy Award, Golden Globe and BAFTA nominations. Hepburn won a record three BAFTA Awards for Best British Actress in a Leading Role. In recognition of her film career, she was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award from BAFTA, the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award, the Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award and the Special Tony Award. She remains one of the few people who have won Academy, Emmy, Grammy and Tony Awards.", "Actress. (b. May 12, 1907, Hartford, Conn.) She was branded \"box-office poison\" by the nation's exhibitors in 1938, but Katharine Hepburn has come to be regarded as a national treasure. One of the most frequently honored screen actresses (with eight Academy nominations and four Oscars to her credit), Hepburn came to films inA Bill of Divorcement (1932), as John Barrymore's daughter, following a sometimes tempestuous career on stage in amateur theatricals, college shows, stock, and finally on Broadway. Her unusual looks and manner-and her unique New England voice-put off some moviegoers at first, but her endearing performance as a naive, impulsive young actress trying to crash Broadway, in 1933'sMorning Glory won her her first Academy Award. Hepburn proved her versatility in such pictures asLittle Women (1933),The Little Minister (1934),Alice Adams (1935, for which she received an Oscar nomination),Mary of Scotland (1936), and the wonderfulStage Door (1937, an interesting companion piece toMorning Glory But for every success in her early Hollywood career, there was also a major misfireincluding such all-time oddities asChristopher Strong (1933, in which she played an aviatrix) andSylvia Scarlett (1935, in which she disguised herself as a boy).", "Some of the early Tracy-Hepburn collaborations were heavy dramas such asKeeper of the Flame (1942) andThe Sea of Grass (1947). Dramatic fireworks flew as well inState of the Union (1948), but the team is best remembered for its humorous skirmishes in the battle of the sexes withWithout Love (1945),Adam's Rib (1949),Pat and Mike (1952), andDesk Set (1957). While Hepburn's work in the 1930s and 1940s receives the most attention today, many of the star's peak achievements were realized in the 1950s and 1960s. She picked up Oscar nominations for her work inThe African Queen (1951, opposite Humphrey Bogart, as a missionary whose personality she patterned after Eleanor Roosevelt),Summertime (1955),The Rainmaker (1956),Suddenly, Last Summer (1959, as Elizabeth Taylor's shrewish, sinister aunt), andLong Day's Journey Into Night (1962). Offscreen for five years, she returned to costar with Tracy inGuess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967), which proved to be his final film; it won her a second Oscar. Hepburn received her third gold statuette the following year for her work in the period dramaThe Lion in Winter as Eleanor of Aquitaine, which showed the aging actress in full command of her inestimable talent. She followed this triumph by making her Broadway musical debut as couturier Coco Chanel in \"Coco.\" Other films around this time include The Madwoman of Chaillot (1969), The Trojan Women (1972), and A Delicate Balance (1973).", "* Best Actress — Win for Katharine Hepburn, tied with Barbra Streisand for Funny Girl (the only time this has happened for actresses in Academy history)", "By her own high standards, Hepburn's next few films during the mid to late 1940's were very average but then she hit top form again with the wonderfully witty 'Adam's Rib' in 1949, her third movie with Tracy. Then in 1951 she co-starred with Humphrey Bogart in 'The African Queen' playing a prim and proper spinster missionary in Africa during World War I, who convinces a hard-drinking riverboat captain (Bogart), to use his boat to attack a German ship. She received her fifth Best Actress nomination, losing out to Vivien Leigh in 'A Streetcar Named Desire'.", "In 1959, for her role in ‘The Nun’s Story’, Hepburn was nominated again for an Oscar, as well as being awarded the New York Film Critics Circle Award and the British Film Academy Award for Best Actress. The film tells the story of Sister Luke, who faces a struggle to overcome her doubts of faith to fulfill her dream of serving in Congo, where she meets love-interest and Atheist Dr Fortunati.", "Katharine Houghton Hepburn ( May 12 , 1907 – June 29 , 2003 ) was a four-time Academy Award -winning American star of film , television and stage , widely recognized for her sharp wit, New England gentility and fierce independence.", "After the failure of Spitfire and The Lake, RKO cast Hepburn in The Little Minister (1934), based on a Victorian novel by James Barrie, in an attempt to repeat the success of Little Women. There was no such recurrence, and the picture was a commercial failure. The romantic drama Break of Hearts (1935) with Charles Boyer was poorly reviewed and also lost money. After three forgettable films, success returned to Hepburn with Alice Adams (1935), the story of a girl's desperation to climb the social ladder. Hepburn loved the book and was delighted to be offered the role. The film was a hit, one of Hepburn's personal favorites, and gave the actress her second Oscar nomination. She received the second most votes, after winner Bette Davis. ", "The film was a commercial success (the 12th highest grossing film of 1968) and won three Academy Awards, including one for Hepburn as Best Actress. There was a television remake in 2003.", "Hepburn was married once, to Philadelphia broker Ludlow Ogden Smith, a union that was dissolved in 1934. While filming Woman of the Year in 1942, she began an enduring, intimate relationship with her costar, Spencer Tracy , with whom she would appear in films such as Adam's Rib (1949) and Pat and Mike (1952). Tracy and Hepburn never married—he was Roman Catholic and would not divorce his wife—but they remained close both personally and professionally until his death in 1967, just days after completing the filming of Guess Who's Coming to Dinner. Hepburn had suspended her own career for nearly five years to nurse Tracy through what turned out to be his final illness. In 1999 the American Film Institute named Hepburn the top female American screen legend of all time.", "After a blockbuster start to her movie career in the early thirties Katharine Hepburn seemed to have run out of gas by 1936. She was labeled box office poison and after a string of flops (including what is now considered to be one of the greatest comedies of all time Bringing Up Baby) took her wounded pride back to the stage in New York. She had immediate success with The Philadelphia Story and was smart enough to use it as a means of re-conquering Hollywood. With her pal George Cukor directing and the impressive combination of Cary Grant and Jimmy Stewart as her co-stars, she hit a home run and remained on top in the picture business for the next half a century.", "Katherine Hepburn (1907-2003) and Barbara Streisand (1942- ) share the Best Actress Oscar; Hepburn breaks the record as the only actress winning three such awards.", "Although she appeared in no new film releases in 1955, Hepburn received the Golden Globe for World Film Favorite that year. Having become one of Hollywood's most popular box-office attractions, she went on to star in a series of successful films during the remainder of the decade, including her BAFTA- and Golden Globe-nominated role as Natasha Rostova in War and Peace (1956), an adaptation of the Tolstoy novel set during the Napoleonic wars, starring Henry Fonda and her husband Mel Ferrer. In 1957, she exhibited her dancing abilities in her debut musical film, Funny Face (1957) wherein Fred Astaire, a fashion photographer, discovers a beatnik bookstore clerk (Hepburn) who, lured by a free trip to Paris, becomes a beautiful model. The same year Hepburn starred in another romantic comedy, Love in the Afternoon, alongside Gary Cooper and Maurice Chevalier.", "In 1939 Hepburn again returned to New York to star on Broadway, this time in The Philadelphia Story as Tracy Lord, a role playwright Philip Barry had written for her. The play was a tremendous success, and Hepburn, who owned the film rights (Howard Hughes had bought them for her), sold them to L.B. Mayer and MGM on the condition that she would star. The movie, like the play, was successful, earning Hepburn, Cary Grant and James Stewart Academy Award nominations (Stewart won).", "Elizabeth Taylor (with her third of four consecutive nominations) as Hepburn's mentally-disturbed niece Catherine Holly in Suddenly, Last Summer", "Audrey Hepburn also Received Academy Award Nominations for The Nun’s Story (1959), Charade (1963), Sabrina (1954), Breakfast at Tiffany’s (1961), and Wait Until Dark (1967). She gave up much of her Film Career to become an Engaged World Wide Humanitarian. Such Humanitarian Projects were done to Relieve Human Suffering. In 1992, President George H.W. Bush, Personally Presented Audrey Hepburn with America’s Most Coveted Honor – The Presidential Medal of Freedom. This honor could not have been bestowed upon a more deserving recipient.", "The film opened to enormous critical acclaim and broke box-office records around the country. Among its Oscar nominations in 1940 were Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress. In the end only James Stewart (Best Actor) and Donald Ogden Stewart (Best Screenplay) won. Hepburn lost to Ginger Rogers , but there was no doubt that it was her picture. The slur of \"box-office poison\" had finally been refuted. Hepburn had made the part of Tracy Lord so much her own that it might have seemed hubris for anyone to try to compete.", "Audrey Hepburn as Eliza Doolittle in 1963's \"My Fair Lady.\" For the movie version of the Lehner & Loewe musical Hepburn got the role that Julie Andrews made famous on the stage. But Andrews copped the Oscar for Best Actress for \"Mary Poppins.\"", "Fortunately for filmgoers everywhere, Katharine Hepburn overcame this great tragedy of her childhood to become one of the most enduring legends in cinema history. Over the course of more than six decades in Hollywood, she earned twelve Academy Award nominations and won an unprecedented four Best Actress Oscars.", "Katharine Hepburn was not present at the awards ceremony. George Cukor accepted the award on her behalf.", "With the prestigious Selznick picture Rebecca in 1940 , Hitchcock made his first American movie, set in England and based on a novel by English author Daphne du Maurier. The film starred Laurence Olivier and Joan Fontaine. This Gothic melodrama explores the fears of a naive young bride who enters a great English country home and must adapt to the extreme formality and coldness she finds there. The film won the Academy Award for Best Picture of 1940. The statuette was given to Selznick, as the film's producer. The film did not win the Best Director award for Hitchcock.", "The film won the BAFTA Award of 1966 as Best Picture, The Cinema Writers Circle Awards in Spain, was named best foreign production at the David di Donatello Awards, won the best Road Show and Musical Performance (Rex Harrison) at the Laurel Awards, was named Best Film by the New York Critics Circle, and won three Golden Globes, Best Motion Picture (Musical or Comedy), Best Motion Picture Director (George Cukor) and Best Motion Picture Actor (Rex Harrison). Audrey Hepburn won very few awards for the film but secured many nominations.", "The 208-minute long American 1956 version was directed by King Vidor and starred Audrey Hepburn (Natasha), Henry Fonda (Pierre) and Mel Ferrer (Andrei). Audrey Hepburn was nominated for a BAFTA Award for best British actress and for a Golden Globe Award for best actress in a drama production.", "Hepburn was recognized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for the following performances:", "Spencer Tracy won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his work in this film. The movie was also nominated for three other Academy Awards:" ]

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[ "According to the first film First Blood, Rambo's full name is John Rambo. He was born on July 6, 1947 in Bowie, Arizona, to a Navajo father (whose name according to the last film was probably R. Rambo) and an Italian American mother Marie Drago. However, in Rambo: First Blood Part II, Marshall Murdock states that Rambo is of American Indian and German descent. Rambo enlisted in the U.S. Army at the age of 18 on August 6, 1964, although he states in Rambo IV he was \"drafted into Vietnam.\" After he graduated from Rangeford High School in 1965, his military service began in January 1966. Rambo was deployed to South Vietnam in September 1966. He returned to the U.S. in 1967 and began training with the U.S. Army Special Forces at Fort Bragg, North Carolina under Colonel Trautman's tutelage.", "David Morrell says that in choosing the name Rambo he was inspired by \"the sound of force\" in the name of Rambo apples, which he encountered in Pennsylvania. Peter Gunnarsson Rambo sailed from Sweden to New Sweden (SE Pennsylvania/Southern NJ/Northern Delaware) in the 1640s, and soon the name would flourish in New Sweden. The name Rambo was likely derived from a shortened form of \"Ramberget\" (a hill on the Hisingen island near Gothenburg, where Peter Gunnarsson was born) plus \"bo\" (meaning \"resident of\"). Today, many of his descendants can still be found in this region of the US. Morrell felt that its pronunciation was similar to the surname of Arthur Rimbaud, the title of whose most famous work A Season in Hell, seemed to him \"an apt metaphor for the prisoner-of-war experiences that I imagined Rambo suffering\". Furthermore, an Arthur J. Rambo was an actual U.S. soldier in Vietnam, but he never returned. His name can be seen on the Vietnam War Memorial wall in Washington, DC. By sheer coincidence, the Japanese word \"rambō\" (乱暴) means \"violent\" or \"rough\". He was granted the first name \"John\" as a reference to the song \"When Johnny Comes Marching Home Again\".", "David Morrell says that in choosing the name Rambo he was inspired by \"the sound of force\" in the name of Rambo apples, which he encountered in Pennsylvania. Peter Gunnarsson Rambo sailed from Sweden to New Sweden in the 1640s, and soon the name would flourish in New Sweden. Today, many of his descendants can still be found in this region of the US. Morrell felt that its pronunciation was similar to the surname of Arthur Rimbaud, the title of whose most famous work A Season in Hell, seemed to him \"an apt metaphor for the prisoner-of-war experiences that I imagined Rambo suffering\". Furthermore, an Arthur J. Rambo was an actual U.S. soldier in Vietnam, but he never returned. His name can be seen on the Vietnam War Memorial wall in Washington, DC. By sheer coincidence, the Japanese word \"rambō\" (乱暴) means \"violent\" or \"rough.\" He was granted the first name \"John\" as a reference to the song \"When Johnny Comes Marching Home Again\".", "Rambo has also been mentioned or referenced in many films, such as Die Hard, TV shows, cartoons, novels and comic books. The character of John Rambo has been featured in many lists of greatest action heroes. In 2007, the film Son of Rambow is set during the early 1980s; the film is a coming of age story about two schoolboys and their attempts to make an amateur film inspired by First Blood. In 2013, Rambo was #6 in a list of the top 50 action movie heroes in Total Magazine. In 2013, Rambo was voted #1 in WatchMojo.com's top 10 film soldiers of all times.", "Of course, Rocky didn’t lose; Rocky III was another popular hit. Stallone’s transformation from underdog to ubermensch was cemented by his next film, First Blood. Based on a novel by David Morrell, it follows a combat-shocked Vietnam vet who wages a private war against a small-town sheriff who mistreats him. The vet was named John Rambo.", "John Rambo is considered a cultural icon. The character influenced many action heroes and films in the 1980s and '90s. The John Rambo character became a prominent part of pop culture, and \"Rambo\", a word that can function as a noun, adjective, or a verb, became part of the English language. Perhaps more crucial from a cultural perspective, Rambo is a word that can be found in the prestigious Oxford English Dictionary. According to this source, Rambo is \"a Vietnam War veteran represented as macho, self sufficient and bent on violent retribution.\" As well, it is widely popular to use adjectives such as Ramboesque, Ramboid, or Ramboism, to denote an ideological position that resembles Rambo’s attitude and behavior.", "The fictional character of John J. Rambo was born on July 6, 1947 in Bowie, Arizona to a Native American Navajo father (R. Rambo according to the last film) and a mother of German descent. Rambo graduated from Rangeford High School in 1965, and then was drafted into the United States Army at the age of 18 on January 2, 1966. He was deployed to South Vietnam in September of 1966. He returned to the U.S. in 1967 and began training in the Special Forces ( Green Berets ) at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. In late 1969, Rambo was re-deployed to Vietnam. In November 1971, he was captured by North Vietnamese forces near the Chinese-Vietnamese border and held at a POW camp, where he and other American POWs were repeatedly tortured. Rambo escaped captivity in May 1972, but was then re-deployed.", "Rambo is a film series based on the David Morrell novel First Blood and starring Sylvester Stallone as John Rambo, a troubled Vietnam War veteran and former U.S. Army Special Forces soldier who is skilled in many aspects of survival, weaponry, hand-to-hand combat and guerrilla warfare. The series consists of the films First Blood (1982), Rambo: First Blood Part II (1985), Rambo III (1988), and Rambo (2008).", "The film First Blood takes place in December 1981, and begins with John Rambo (now a homeless, out-of-work drifter) searching for Delmore Barry, an old friend with whom he served in Vietnam. He goes to Barry's home but is told by his mother that he died from cancer due to Agent Orange exposure. This means that Rambo has now become the last surviving member of his Special Forces unit (with unit members Delmore, Westmore, Bronson, Danforth and Ortega now all dead). He then travels to the small town of Hope, Washington (the movie was filmed in Hope, British Columbia, evidenced by the town sign), where he is quickly spotted by the town's arrogant and abusive sheriff, Will Teasle, due to his long, unkempt hair, army jacket and all-around scruffy appearance. Teasle soon picks him up and drives him to the edge of town, refusing to let him have a meal (Rambo only wanted something to eat) while stressing his dislike of drifters and \"trouble makers\". Rambo begins heading back into town immediately after being dropped off, and Teasle then arrests him and takes him to the local police station.", "Not content to simply rely on the Rocky series, Stallone created another iconic action hero with disillusioned Vietnam veteran John Rambo. First Blood tackled a number of powerful themes regarding the nature of war and features standout supporting turns by Brian Dennehy and Richard Crenna. Despite its heavy subject matter and extreme violence, the film was a box office success and became a phenomenon that included three sequels (the last of which Stallone directed), an animated series, novels, and comic books. If not for his signature Philly boxer, Rambo would be Stallone’s most famous role.", "first blood the hunt begins: tracking dogs seek out fugitive john rambo in the woods; (opposite) rambo (sylvester stallone) surprises sheriff teasle (brian dennehy).", "One of the most popular action stars in cinematic history, Oscar nominee Sylvester Stallone is best known for portraying boxer Rocky Balboa and Vietnam War veteran John Rambo.", "He was very interested in playing John Rambo in the adaptation of the novel \"First Blood\". He was actually slated to star, but did not due to his death. Sylvester Stallone got the role instead in First Blood (1982).", "Samuel Trautman was named after Uncle Sam, according to author David Morrell . Uncle Sam created the soldier John Rambo. See more »", "At this point, Colonel Samuel Trautman (played by Richard Crenna), [2] the former commanding officer of Rambo's old Special Forces unit, arrives in Hope. Trautman warns that continuing the manhunt is dangerous to the authorities, as Rambo is too experienced to be captured easily in the wilderness where he thrives. Instead, Trautman recommends giving Rambo time to return to his senses by allowing him to be by himself in the Pacific Northwest back country, after which he could presumably settle down after some time and be arrested without incident. However, the authorities reject Trautman's recommendation and continue the manhunt, and Rambo's subsequent rampage culminates in the destruction of the sheriff's office and most of the town's main street. Rambo stands poised to eliminate the sheriff, but Trautman finally confronts Rambo face-to-face, and ultimately convinces his former soldier to surrender to the authorities.", "Stallone’s continuing fascination with underdogs and his continuing expansion of his musculature began to produce some truly bizarre films. The only way to maintain this he-man’s status as a scrappy David was to cast him opposite increasingly imposing Goliaths. In 1985’s Rambo: First Blood Part II, Rambo returned to Southeast Asia to rescue prisoners of war, his mental trauma conveniently healed after a few years on a chain gang. But his superiors deliberately abandon him behind enemy lines, which means he has to rescue the men and fight his way back to safety, killing hundreds of men all by himself.", "Upon returning to the United States, Rambo has difficulty adjusting to civilian life and wanders the country as a drifter for almost a decade. In December 1981, Rambo travels to the fictional town of Hope, Washington, in search of a U.S. Army Special Forces buddy named Delmore Barry. Rambo arrives at Delmore's supposed residence and finds Delmore's little daughter and his depressed widow. Delmore's widow tells Rambo that her husband died from cancer the previous summer due to exposure to Agent Orange, and that she must seek out a living as a cleaning lady and on Delmore's Service member's Group Life Insurance. Rambo, attempting some cold comfort, gives Mrs. Barry the photograph of Delmore's unit.", "With The Expendables and The Expendables 2 proving that aging action stars still have some box office juice, it's worth noting that one of the signature roles of Sylvester Stallone's career had literary roots. Nope, not Rocky. That was an original screenplay by Sly himself. But the avenging veteran Rambo first appeared in the novel First Blood by David Morrell. Published in 1972, the book made it to the silver screen a decade later and has spawned 3 sequels so far, plus a short-lived animated series.", "Rambo is sent to a part of the jungle where Murdock receives confirmation that no POWs were being held at the time. Rambo works with a Vietnamese woman known as Co, who is an anti-communist Vietnamese rebel serving as an intelligence agent for Rambo. However, Rambo discovers that there is a POW camp where he was dropped. The POWs are rotated from location to location, and coincidentally are in the same area as Rambo when he was dropped. Rambo breaks one POW out of the camp and attempts to escape, only to be refused access to the base by Murdock and to have himself and the POW recaptured by the Vietnamese soldiers. Rambo is immobilized in a pit of sewage and leeches, then tortured by Soviet soldiers, who are allied with the Vietnamese and training Vietnamese soldiers. Co enters the base under the guise of a prostitute for hire, where she aids Rambo in escaping. After Rambo expresses his deepest gratitude for rescuing him, the two share a kiss, after Co implores him to take her back to America with him. However, as they prepared to move on, Co is shot down by surprise gunfire.", "But it turns out I misjudged Rambo, and maybe also Sylvester Stallone , who directed and wrote (with Art Monterastelli) the newest “Rambo,” and who plays the title character. When we first encounter him, this weary warrior has retreated from geopolitics, passing the time at a remote river station in the Thai jungle, where he hunts poisonous snakes and dabbles in blacksmithing. Old Rambo seems kind of depressed, to tell the truth, until his wrath is stirred by the viciousness of the Burmese Army.", "Sylvester Stallone directs and stars in the first Rambo movie in 20 years (and the first one called \"Rambo\"). This time the bad guys are Burmese. Credit Karen Ballard/Lionsgate", "Fact: <p> Tommy Lee Jones is set to take on the role created by late movie star Richard Crenna in the upcoming RAMBO IV. The actor will play COLONEL TRAUTMAN in the new film, which will star Sylvester Stallone . </p>", "The film was released in the United States on October 22, 1982. Despite initial mixed reviews, the film was a box office success, grossing $47.2 million at the box office. Since its release, First Blood has received reappraisal from critics, with many praising the roles of Stallone, Dennehy, and Crenna, and has been recognized as a cult classic and an influential film in the action genre. The film's success spawned a franchise, consisting of three sequels (all which were co-written by and starred Stallone), an animated series, comic books, and novels. A fifth film, tentatively titled Rambo: Last Stand, was cancelled in January 2016 when Stallone stated that he was retiring the character. ", "In the second installment of the series in 1985, Rambo is tasked by Col. Trautman to return to Vietnam to search for American POWs remaining in Vietnamese captivity. Marshall Murdock (Charles Napier), the official in charge of the mission, is portrayed as a corrupt military figure who does not want to expose the truth. Rambo is ordered to take photographs of a Vietnamese military base to prove to the American public there are no more POWs in Vietnam, although Murdock knows that there are.", "In the original novel, Rambo is hitch-hiking in Madison, Kentucky. He is picked up by Sheriff Teasle and dropped off at the city limits. Repeatedly coming back, Rambo is arrested by Teasle and driven to the station. He is charged with vagrancy and resisting arrest, and is sentenced to 35 days in jail. Being trapped inside the cold, wet, small cells gives Rambo a flashback of his days as a POW in Vietnam, and he fights off the cops as they attempt to cut his hair and shave him, beating one man and slashing another with the straight razor, killing him. He flees, steals a motorcycle, and hides in the nearby mountains. He becomes the focus of a manhunt that results in the deaths of many police officers, civilians, and National Guardsmen.", "Rambo's hair is still very long though it is straighter and neater than before. He wears a dark grey t-shirt and black pants, along with black boots. Rambo wears a red patterned sweatband at the beginning, but switches to a blue one later. Rambo also bares a constant scowling expression throughout the vast majority of the film.", "The 2008 film, Rambo , was advertised with Drowning Pool's Bodies and features two songs in the film written and performed by Jake La Botz, who portrays the mercenary \"Reese\" in the movie.", "During his tour of duty in Vietnam, and imprisonment, Rambo wore his hair in a shorter style, and also sported a mustache. He wore a jungle camouflage patterned headband.", "Sylvester Stallone is reloading for another \"Rambo\" movie, and it may be the haunted Vietnam vet's last hurrah.", "Per dialogue in Rambo: First Blood Part II, during his Vietnam era service, Rambo was awarded:", "In the first film he wears blue jeans with a red t-shirt over a gray tank top and a thick green M-1965 military jacket. Rambo's hair is shorter than the other films in the series.", "In the sequel, his hair is longer, the rest of his appearance remains the same. During the film, Rambo gains a new scar, on his left cheek." ]

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[ "Field hockey has been a men’s Olympic sport since the 1908 Olympic Games in London. The women’s game is a recent addition first recognized at the Moscow Olympics in 1980. Field Hockey stages both a men’s and women’s World Cup as well as competitions at other International Games including the Commonwealth Games.", "Hockey, or more specifically, field hockey, was introduced at the Olympic Games as a men’s competition at the 1908 Games in London, with six teams, including four from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.", "Hockey, or more specifically, field hockey, was introduced at the Olympic Games as a men's competition at the 1908 Games in London, with six teams, including four from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. ", "The governing body is the 126-member International Hockey Federation (FIH). Men's field hockey has been played at each Summer Olympic Games since 1908 except for 1912 and 1924, while women's field hockey has been played at the Summer Olympic Games since 1980.", "The governing body is the 116-member International Hockey Federation (FIH). Men’s field hockey has been played at each summer Olympic Games since 1908 (except 1912 and 1924), while women’s field hockey has been played at the Summer Olympic Games since 1980.", "Men’s hockey was first featured in the Olympics in 1908. Women’s hockey debuted at the 1980 games in Moscow, Russia. In 2012, teams will compete on a water-based synthetic grass field, which allows the ball to move more smoothly and quickly.", "Game played with hooked sticks and a small, solid ball, the object being to hit the ball into the goal. It is played between two teams, each of not more than 11 players. Hockey has been an Olympic sport since 1908 for men and since 1980 for women.", "After a first appearance at the 1908 Games in London, hockey became a firm fixture on the Olympic programme as from the Antwerp Games in 1920. Women made their entrance in this sport in 1980 at the Moscow Games. Since the 2000 Games in Sydney, men have competed in a 12-team tournament and women in a 10-team one.", "Until the mid-1970s, India dominated international field hockey, winning eight Olympic gold medals and won the men's Hockey World Cup held in 1975. Since then, barring a gold medal in the 1980 Olympics, India's performance in field hockey has been dismal, with other hockey-playing nations such as Australia, Netherlands and Germany improving their standards and catching up with India. Its decline is also due to the change in rules of the game, introduction of artificial turf, and internal politics in Indian field hockey bodies. The popularity of field hockey has also declined massively parallel to the decline of the Indian hockey team. In recent years, the standard of Indian hockey has gone from bad to worse, with the Indian hockey team not qualifying for the 2008 Olympics and finishing last in the 2012 Olympics. Currently, the Indian team is 11th in the rankings of the Fédération Internationale de Hockey sur Gazon (FIH, English:International Hockey Federation), the international governing body of field hockey and indoor field hockey. ", "India's association with the Olympics started when the country was still striving for its independence. The national sport, Hockey was the primary sport to give the country feel of gold. India's Men's Field Hockey Team won the gold for six successive Olympic years from 1928-1956. Though, nothing can beat the craze of the Indians for cricket but Abhinav Bindra's phenomenal performance at the 2008 Beijing Olympics has proven to be a catalyst to evoke interest of the Indians in the mammoth sporting event. The country for the first time welcomed and appreciated, a sports personality not hailing from the cricket background with so much admiration and reverence. Even the athletes were motivated to put up a better show. It is worth noting that India's performance at the Olympics has improved considerably after the year 1994 with more athletes getting individual medals for the country.", "Men- Dating back to 1968, the Netherlands never finished outside of the top six in the men's Olympic field hockey tournament. During that stretch, the Dutch placed fourth on three occasions and won bronze in 1988. Finally, in Atlanta, the nation cleared the semifinal hurdle, and defeated an upstart Spanish team, 3-1, in the final.", "The first ever Olympic hockey game was won by Scotland, who beat Germany 4-0. Apart from 1912 and 1924, hockey has appeared at every subsequent Games, with a women’s event being added to the programme in 1980. India, who won every Olympic tournament between 1928 and 1956, have won the most gold medals overall (eight, all of them in the men’s competition) and they are followed by Australia (four golds), Great Britain (three), Netherlands (three) and Pakistan (three). Three of Australia’s gold medals and one of the Netherlands’ came in the women’s event.", "Field hockey originated in England in the late 19th century, and quickly became established across Europe, including in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. However, it really took off in the British colony of India, with 11 of the first 15 Olympic men’s gold medals being won either by India or Pakistan. Hockey’s subsequent growth reflected these colonial influences, and complementary developments in the informal empire of trade and business. The Asian Games introduced hockey in 1958, the Pan-American Games in 1967. In the women’s championship in 2010, Argentina took the title, although the Netherlands, as current world and Olympic champions, retained number one spot in the rankings. The Fédération Internationale de Hockey sur Gazon (FIH) was formed in Paris in 1924 to represent the sport’s interests at future Olympics,", "Ice hockey is another traditional favorite of the Winter Games with an interesting history . It has evolved considerably since the men’s tournament was first introduced at the 1920 Summer Olympic Games and became a permanent fixture at the Winter Games in 1924. In July 1992, the International Olympic Committee voted to approve women's hockey as an Olympic event; the women’s tournament was first included at the 1998 Winter Olympics. Olympic hockey competition was originally intended for amateur athletes and only after extensive controversy were National Hockey League players finally eligible to compete in 1998. From 1924 to 1988, the tournament started with a round-robin series of games and ended with the medal round. Medals were awarded based on points accumulated during that round. Since then, the Olympic competitions are overseen by the International Ice Hockey Federation , whose rules differ slightly from the NHL.", "Hockey has been played at the Winter Olympics since 1924 (and at the summer games in 1920 ). Canada won six of the first seven gold medals to 1952 , the exception occurring in 1936 when Great Britain won. The USSR won all but two gold medals from 1956 to 1988 as well as a final time as the Unified Team at the 1992 Albertville Olympics . The United States won their first gold medal in 1960 . On the way to winning the gold medal at the 1980 Lake Placid Olympics amateur US college players defeated the heavily favored Soviet squad – an event known as the \" Miracle on ice \" in the United States. Since the 1998 games in Nagano all top players from the NHL have been able to take part, with Vancouver 2010 being the first time held in an NHL market since the inclusion of NHL players. Nowadays Winter Olympics games are the most highly regarded international tournament by ice hockey fans.", "Despite the restrictions on sports for ladies during the Victorian era, hockey became increasingly popular among women . Although women’s teams had played regular friendly games since 1895, serious international competition did not begin until the 1970s. The first Women’s World Cup was held in 1974, and women’s hockey became an Olympic event in 1980. The international governing body, the International Federation of Women’s Hockey Associations, was formed in 1927. The game was introduced into the United States in 1901 by Constance M.K. Applebee, and field hockey subsequently became a popular outdoor team sport among women there, being played in schools, colleges, and clubs.", "While the game developed across the globe in the late 1800’s, so too did field hockey in Canada. Both men’s and women’s field hockey was established and flourishing in British Columbia before the end of the nineteenth century. Records show that as early as 1896 clubs in Vancouver and on Vancouver Island were enjoying regular fixtures. Schools also started playing the game with the earliest record being a match played between a girls and boys team in 1903 at Vancouver High School.", "Canada is considered the birthplace of this sport, which was first assigned rules at Montreal's McGill University in the late 1800's. Surprisingly, men's ice hockey made its Olympic debut during the Summer Games in 1920, in Antwerp, Belgium, but was switched over during the inaugural Olympic Winter Games four years later in Chamonix, France. It took more than 50 years for women's ice hockey to make its debut, during the 1998 Games in Nagano – the same year the event was opened for the first time to professional hockey players. Olympic hockey, however, follows the rules of the International Ice Hockey Federation, which differ significantly from those used in the NHL.", "Field hockey at the 2012 Olympic Games in London took place from 29 July to 11 August at the Riverbank Arena within the Olympic Park.", "By the early 1970s there were 22 associations with women's sections in the FIH and 36 associations in the IFWHA. Discussions started about a common rule book. The FIH introduced competitive tournaments in 1974, forcing the acceptance of the principle of competitive hockey by the IFWHA in 1973. It took until 1982 for the two bodies to merge, but this allowed the introduction of women's hockey to the Olympic games from 1980 where, as in the men's game, The Netherlands, Germany, and Australia have been consistently strong.", "Dhyan Chand is widely considered as the greatest field hockey player of All Time. He is most remembered for his extraordinary goal-scoring feats, in addition to earning three Olympic gold medals (1928, 1932, and 1936) in field hockey, during an era where India was the most dominant team in Hockey.", "Hockey was the first sport that had the world take notice of Indian presence at Olympics. For 28 years, Indian hockey team at the biggest sports carnival, the Summer Olympics, was unbeatable. The sheer dominance was accentuated by the fact that the British played against an Indian team only when after it ceased to be their colony. This they did, apparently, to avoid the humiliation of getting defeated by one of their colonies. Hockey has earned India a total of 11 Olympic medals. This includes eight gold, one silver and two bronze medals and the last of those, a gold medal, came way back in 1980 at Moscow Games. The whole world would gasp in awe as Dhyan Chand and his teammates displayed their magic with the hockey sticks enthralling thousands of fans all over the planet, making India the undisputable champion team.", "Field hockey in India is administered by Hockey India. The Indian national hockey team won the 1975 Hockey World Cup and have, , taken eight gold, one silver, and two bronze Olympic medals, making it the sport's most successful team in the Olympics.", "Men's water polo at the Olympics was the first team sport introduced at the 1900 games , along with cricket, rugby, football, polo (with horses), rowing and tug of war. [18] Women's water polo became an Olympic sport at the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games after political protests from the Australian women's team .", "Field Hockey is an eleven aside game played on a pitch 100 yards by 60 yards with a ball which has a 23cm circumference. Each player has a stick with a rounded head to play the ball with and the objective is to score goals by putting the ball in the opposing team’s goal. Sticks are anywhere between 28 inches and 39 inches long and weigh between 340g and 790g. Protective equipment is worn in the form of full body armour, pads, gloves, kickers and a helmet for the goal keepers and shin guards and mouth guards for outfield players.", "Template:Note Note 2. A men's ice hockey tournament was held at the 1920 Summer Olympics .", "The Hockey World Cup was first conceived by Pakistan's Air Marshal Nur Khan. He proposed his idea to the FIH through Patrick Rowley, the first editor of World Hockey magazine. Their idea was approved on October 26, 1969, and adopted by the FIH Council at a meeting in Brussels on April 12, 1970. The FIH decided that the inaugural World Cup would be held in October 1971, in Pakistan.", "Having won a bronze medal with the England team at the 1986 World Cup, Kulbir Bhaura followed it up with another silver at the Eurohockey Nations Cup a year later. But then came 1988 when he won his Olympic gold medal.", "* Paul Barber, Stephen Batchelor, Kulbir Bhaura, Robert Clift, Richard Dodds, David Faulkner, Russell Garcia, Martyn Grimley, Sean Kerly, Jimmy Kirkwood, Richard Leman, Stephen Martin, Veryan Pappin, Jon Potter, Imran Sherwani, and Ian Taylor — Field Hockey, Men's Team Competition", "For the first time, the men’s ice hockey tournament was opened to all professionals, and women’s ice hockey was introduced to the Olympic programme. The inspired team from the Czech Republic scored a surprise victory.", "Thirteen nations participated in the field hockey competition. The tournament was ultimately won by India, who defeated Great Britain to claim the country's first gold medal as an independent nation.", "5. In which Olympic Games did the Indian team make its debut and win the gold medal in the Field Hockey event ?" ]

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[ "A newspaper and magazine publisher who transformed The Washington Post into one of the most influential newspapers in the country. She took control of the paper in 1963, after the suicide of her husband, Phil Graham. In 1971 she gave her editors approval to publish the Pentagon Papers after a federal court enjoined The New York Times from doing so. Three years later she encouraged reporters Bernstein and Woodward in their relentless investigation of the Watergate scandal. She won a Pulitzer Prize in 1998 for her memoir, Personal History.", "Describes the life of the humanitarian, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature and her work in China during the early twentieth century. Provides the historical backdrop against which she wrote her Pulitzer Prize-winning novel, The Good Earth (RC 37294). Covers her later advocacy of the rights of women, children, and racial minorities. 1996.", "Lumley admires Eleanor. \"She was the most powerful and enlightened woman of her age, and even now she is always popping up on lists of the 100 most influential women. A great linguist, she was also brave – she rode all the way to Damascus, an amazing feat for a woman in those days. She also introduced the notion of courtly love.\"", "With all of these amazing credits to her name, her best-known story remains, \"A Big Blonde\" published in Bookman Magazine and awarded the O. Henry Award as the most outstanding short story of 1929. Her short stories were sparse and incisive, relying heavily on dialog rather than description. She attributed this characteristic to her love of Ernest Hemingway . They were witty, but in a bittersweet, rather than comedic, sense.", "After Franklin Roosevelt's death in April 1945, she asked Harry Truman, \"Is there any way we can help you?\" Within a week, she had left the White House. But her work was not yet nearly over. President Truman made her a delegate to the fledgling United Nations in 1946. There, she became chairman of the Human Rights Commission. Eleanor Roosevelt turned down several offers to run for political office, preferring to remain free to express her opinions as she saw fit. She was, however, a force in the Democratic party throughout the 1950s. Upon her death in 1962, the world knew that it had lost a unique individual. In the words of Winston Churchill, \"she left golden footprints behind.\"", "A case of mistaken identity involving an artist with a similar name led Manning to a better-paid job antiquing furniture, at which she worked for more than two years, still writing in her spare time. She recalled this as \"one of the happiest seasons\" of her life. [20] With Miles' encouragement she completed a novel, The Wind Changes, and saw it published by Jonathan Cape in April 1937. [18] [21] The novel, set in Dublin in June 1921 during \" The Troubles \", revolved around a woman torn between an Irish patriot and an English writer with pro-Republican sympathies. It was well received, with one reviewer commenting that \"the novel shows unusual promise\". [2] [22] [23] Soon after, however, Miles learnt that he had an inoperable brain tumour, and disappeared from Manning's life. Since the affair had been kept secret she had difficulty obtaining information about him, and could not afford to visit him in the Edinburgh hospital where he lay dying. She lost her job at Peter Jones, moved to a well-paid job at the Medici Society , but was sacked when she refused her boss's order to give up novel-writing in the evening so as to conserve her energy for the day job. [24] Manning obtained other work assessing new novels for their potential as films for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , but by the time she had saved sufficient money for a trip to Edinburgh, Miles was too ill to see her. He died in December 1937. [16] [25]", "Katharine Houghton Hepburn ( May 12 , 1907 – June 29 , 2003 ) was a four-time Academy Award -winning American star of film , television and stage , widely recognized for her sharp wit, New England gentility and fierce independence.", "In January 1907 Travers Goff feared he was about to be demoted yet again; he became ill with a high fever, and died several days later. His daughter Lyndon was seven, the oldest of three little girls. Some time afterwards her mother, still grieving, ran out of the house during a thunderstorm, crying that she was going to drown herself in a nearby river. Lyndon wrapped a quilt around herself and her two younger sisters, and told them the story of a magical white horse that could fly even though it had no wings. Retelling this tale in adulthood, Travers identified it as the origin of her authorial identity; as Lawson observes, 'Lyndon believed the magic horse ran underground, and came up eventually as Mary Poppins.'", "Mary Lennox starts out as a spoiled, self-centred child. When she finds the key to a secret garden she embarks on a journey of self-discovery and helps many others including her sickly cousin Colin open the door to happiness. While it was initially written for children The Secret Garden was soon being read by an audience of all ages in North America and Europe. During her lifetime Burnett was a financially successful writer, often supporting the rest of her family with her earnings. Not an easy task when Victorian values looked down on a woman who sought independence in a realm dominated by men. Many female writers of the time including Louisa May Alcott used pseudonyms (A. N. Barnard) or published anonymously at first until their works stood up to scrutiny and they gained respect as writers. At times compared to such authors as Charlotte Bronte and Henry James , many of Burnett�s stories have proven to transcend the bounds of time and changing generations of readers. While much of her adult fiction is not read anymore due to over-sentimentality, many of her works are still in print. They have been translated to dozens of languages and inspired other authors� writings and television and feature film adaptations.", "As a child she worried because her mother and other members of her family were somewhat disappointed in young Eleanor's appearance. When she was 15 the family decided that it would be better to supplement her social chances by a finishing trip abroad. In 1900 she was taken to England and placed in Allenswood, a school conducted by a Miss Souvestre, whom her grandmother remembered as a stimulating and cultured lady who had instructed her in her own youth.", "NELLIE CORNISH (1915-1994): Nellie Cornish founded the Cornish School of Allied Arts on Seattle's Capital Hill in 1914. Cornish also became famous for the staff she hired ballerina Mary Ann Wells, composer John Cage, dancer Merce Cunningham, and artist Mark Tobey. In later years she wrote her autobiography, \"Miss Aunt Nellie\".", "She was born Marianne Craig Moore in Kirkwood, Missouri, the daughter of John Milton Moore, a construction engineer and inventor, and Mary Warner. ... Four (including \"That Harp You Play So Well\" about David the psalmist, and two about Robert Browning and George Bernard Shaw) appeared in Poetry: A Magazine of Verse (Chicago), which featured innovative writers quickly admired and influential. And five (including two on William Blake and George Moore) were published in Others, a magazine Alfred Kreymborg coedited. ...", "It had languished so long because the title of the book was so similar to one of her tales published in 1949 that it was assumed to be the same one. However, it transpires the new discovery is a completely different story by the much-loved author of Noddy, the Famous Five, the Secret Seven and The Magic Faraway Tree.", "Rachel Carson may have been one of the few people capable of writing with the scientific thoroughness her subject required and the sincerity and engaging writing style that riveted a nation’s attention. Carson was born in 1907 in Springdale, Pa., a rural river town outside of Pittsburgh. Carson’s mother Maria encouraged her daughter to write, and by age 11, Carson was winning writing competitions. In 1925, she entered the Pennsylvania College for Women (now Chatham University) to pursue a writing career, but after classes in biology Carson changed majors, graduating with honors in 1929. She completed a master’s degree in zoology from Johns Hopkins University in 1932.", "Dorothy Parker ( August 22 , 1893 – June 7 , 1967 ) was an American writer, poet, and critic. A fixture of 1920s literary society known for her acerbic wit and low opinion of romantic relationships, she became a member of the famous Algonquin Round Table .", "- Claude McKay’s Home to Harlem is published, becoming the first bestseller by a black author", "Lucy Maud Montgomery was born on the north shore of Prince Edward Island in 1874 and raised in Cavendish by her grandparents. It was here that she penned her most famous novel, Anne of Green Gables, which is beloved around the globe and has been translated into 15 different languages. ", "Vita Sackville-West was both a writer - poet, novelist, and biographer - and a gardener. She had a regular gardening column in The Observer. Her garden at Sissinghurst is one of the most admired and influential English gardens of the 20th century and in 1955 she was awarded the gold Veitch medal of the Royal Horticultural Society.", "Ms. James was one of those rare authors whose work stood up to the inevitable and usually invidious comparisons with classic authors of the detective genre, such as Agatha Christie, Dorothy L. Sayers and Margery Allingham. A consummate stylist, she accumulated numerous awards for the 18 crime novels produced during a writing career spanning a half-century. Seven of her mysteries were adapted for the public-television series “!” and were broadcast in Britain and the United States.", "Claude McKay’s book of poetry, Harlem Shadows, was among the first books published during the Harlem Renaissance. McKay was part of a literary community with widespread influence.", "Carson was born on May 27, 1907, on a small family farm near Springdale, Pennsylvania, just up the Allegheny River from Pittsburgh. She was the daughter of Maria Frazier (McLean) and Robert Warden Carson, an insurance salesman.An avid reader, she also spent a lot of time exploring around her family's 65-acre (26 ha) farm. She began writing stories (often involving animals) at age eight, and had her first story published at age eleven. She especially enjoyed the St. Nicholas Magazine (which carried her first published stories), the works of Beatrix Potter, and the novels of Gene Stratton Porter, and in her teen years, Herman Melville, Joseph Conrad and Robert Louis Stevenson. The natural world, particularly the ocean, was the common thread of her favorite literature. Carson attended Springdale's small school through tenth grade, then completed high school in nearby Parnassus, Pennsylvania, graduating in 1925 at the top of her class of forty-five students.", "The first novelist really to attempt local publication was Anastasia English (c.1862- 1959), Only a Fisherman’s Daughter [1899], Faithless: A Newfoundland Romance [1901], The Queen of Fairy Dell and Other Tales [1912. However, Margaret Duley (1894 – 1968) was arguably Newfoundland's first novelist of either sex, to gain an international audience. Amongst her works are The Eyes of the Gull (1936), Cold Pastoral (1939} and Highway to Valour (1941). Harold Horwood (1923 – 2006) Tomorrow Will Be Sunday (1966), White Eskimo (1972) Percy Janes (1922 - 1999), House of Hate (1970). are important later Newfoundland novelists. ", "The author of the famous Canadian novel Anne of Green Gables, Lucy Maud Montgomery, was born at Clifton, Prince Edward Island, Nov. 30, 1874. She came to live at Leaskdale, north of Uxbridge Ontario, in 1911 after her wedding with Rev. Ewen Macdonald on July 11, 1911 in Prince Edward Island. Her three children were born at Leaskdale, and she wrote close to a dozen books while she was living in the Leaskdale Manse before the Macdonald family moved to Norval, Ontario in 1926.", "In 1908, Montgomery published her first book, Anne of Green Gables. An immediate success, it established Montgomery's career, and she would write and publish material (Including numerous sequels to Anne) continuously for the rest of her life. Shortly after her grandmother's death in 1911, she married Ewen (spelled in her notes and letters as \"Ewan\" ) Macdonald (1870–1943), a Presbyterian minister, and they moved to Ontario where he had taken the position of minister of St. Paul's Presbyterian Church, Leaskdale in present-day Uxbridge Township, also affiliated with the congregation in nearby Zephyr. Montgomery wrote her next eleven books from the Leaskdale manse. The structure was subsequently sold by the congregation and is now the Lucy Maud Montgomery Leaskdale Manse Museum.", "Burnett and her novels exemplify a broader phenomenon occurring on both sides of the Atlantic at this time: educated women eschewing conventional medicine in favor of faith healing movements such as New Thought. These women had legitimate complaints about the mainstream medical practitioners of their day. Nineteenth-century neurologists held essentialist views of women that interfered with their ability to treat female patients with fairness and dignity. The Dawn of a To-morrow and The Secret Garden vividly demonstrate the appeal that New Thought must have had for women seeking new cures for mental ills along with a degree of autonomy in their medical decision-making. By packaging her persuasive message about healing in a delightful children’s story, Burnett ensured that it would be read and internalized by future generations.", "Many notable works have been written by non-indigenous Australians on aboriginal themes. Eleanor Dark's (1901–1985) The Timeless Land (1941) is the first of The Timeless Land trilogy of novels about European settlement and exploration of Australia. The narrative is told from English and Aboriginal points of view. The novel begins with two Aboriginal men watching the arrival of the First Fleet at Sydney Harbour on 26 January 1788. Other examples include the poems of Judith Wright, The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith by Thomas Keneally, Ilbarana by Donald Stuart, and the short story by David Malouf: \"The Only Speaker of his Tongue\". ", "Born in New York circa 1797, Sojourner Truth was the self-given name, from 1843 onward, of Isabella Baumfree, an African-American abolitionist and women’s rights activist. Truth was born into slavery in Swartekill, New York, but escaped with her infant daughter to freedom in 1826. Her best-known speech on racial inequalities, “Ain’t I a Woman?” was delivered extemporaneously in 1851 at the Ohio Women’s Rights Convention.", "Mary Eleanor Wilkins Freeman (October 31, 1852-March 13, 1930) was a prominent 19th century American author.", "At the age of thirty-four, Haggard had become a household name. He published anywhere from one to three books a year, in which the setting ranged from Iceland to the South Seas. Haggard also tried his hand in several forms of the novel: psychological (Mr. Meeson's Will), historical (Cleopatra) and fantastic (Stella Fregelius). During his career, he wrote over forty books. Many of his titles referred to a female character or attribute - Montezuma's Daughter (1894), Pearl Maiden (1903), Queen Sheba's Ring (1910), and The Virgin of the Sun (1922).", "Edwin Muir (15 May 1887 – 3 January 1959) was a Scottish poet, novelist and translator, born in Deerness, on the Orkney Islands.", "Veteran freelance writer Alice Stein resides in Tonawanda, N.Y. For further reading, see: Cyclone in Calico: The Story of Mary Ann Bickerdyke, by Nina Brown Baker; or Dorothea Dix, Forgotten Samaritan, by Helen E. Marshall.", "Mitchell developed an appreciation for the works of Southern writer James Branch Cabell, and his 1919 classic, Jurgen, A Comedy of Justice. She read books about sexology, and took particular interest in the case studies of Havelock Ellis, a British physician who studied human sexuality. During this period in which Mitchell was reading pornography and sexology, she was also writing Gone with the Wind. " ]

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[ "8/1/1889. The first electric computer for data processing was patented by Dr Herman Hollerith in New York. The company Dr Hollerith formed to market his invention became the giant IBM. Charles Babbage had designed and partially built a mechanical �Analytical Engine� between 1821 and 1871. The 1889 computer was designed to compute the results of the 1890 census, using punched cards. The inspiration for this machine came from a scheme on the US railways to enter the physical details of every passenger on their ticket by means of a punched hole card system � so that train robbers could be identified when they posed as ordinary travellers. The railway sceheme did not win wide acceptance.", "In the 1880s, Herman Hollerith invented the recording of data on a medium that could then be read by a machine. Prior uses of machine readable media, above, had been for lists of instructions (not data) to drive programmed machines such as Jacquard looms and mechanized musical instruments. \"After some initial trials with paper tape, he settled on punched cards...\" To process these punched cards, first known as \"Hollerith cards\" he invented the keypunch, sorter, and tabulator unit record machines. These inventions were the foundation of the data processing industry. In 1896 he founded the Tabulating Machine Company (which later became the core of IBM). The addition of a control panel (plugboard) to his 1906 Type I Tabulator allowed it to do different jobs without having to be physically rebuilt. By the late 1940s, there were several unit record calculators, such as the IBM 602 and IBM 604, whose control panels specified a sequence (list) of operations and thus were programmable machines.", "English mathematician Charles Babbage (1792–1871) designed a mechanical computing machine called the \"analytical engine.\" It is considered the forerunner of the digital computer, a programmable electronic device that stores, retrieves, and processes data.", "Charles Babbage, FRS ( / ˈ b æ b ɪ dʒ / ; 26 December 1791 – 18 October 1871) was an English polymath . [1] He was a mathematician, philosopher, inventor and mechanical engineer, who is best remembered now for originating the concept of a programmable computer.", "While attending Cambridge University in 1812, Babbage conceived of the idea of a machine that could calculate data more rapidly than existing computing methods, and without human error. The Industrial Revolution (a period of technological development; c. 1750–c. 1850) had been underway for more than half a century, and the world was becoming increasingly complex. Human errors in mathematical tables posed serious problems for many rapidly growing industries. After graduating from Cambridge, Babbage returned to the idea of developing a device to facilitate computation. Beginning work in 1834, he spent the rest of his life and much of his fortune trying to build such a machine. Babbage's device used punch cards to store data, and was intended to print answers. Although he was unable to complete his invention, the \"analytical engine\" was the forerunner of the modern digital computer.", "Charles Babbage, an English mechanical engineer and polymath, originated the concept of a programmable computer. Considered the \"father of the computer\", he conceptualized and invented the first mechanical computer in the early 19th century. After working on his revolutionary difference engine, designed to aid in navigational calculations, in 1833 he realized that a much more general design, an Analytical Engine, was possible. The input of programs and data was to be provided to the machine via punched cards, a method being used at the time to direct mechanical looms such as the Jacquard loom. For output, the machine would have a printer, a curve plotter and a bell. The machine would also be able to punch numbers onto cards to be read in later. It employed ordinary base-10 fixed-point arithmetic.", "The 19th century also saw the designs of Charles Babbage calculating machines, first with his difference engine, started in 1822, which was the first automatic calculator since it continuously used the results of the previous operation for the next one, and second with his analytical engine, which was the first programmable calculator, using Jacquard's cards to read program and data, that he started in 1834, and which gave the blueprint of the mainframe computers built in the middle of the 20th century.\"The calculating engines of English mathematician Charles Babbage (1791-1871) are among the most celebrated icons in the prehistory of computing. Babbage’s Difference Engine No.1 was the first successful automatic calculator and remains one of the finest examples of precision engineering of the time. Babbage is sometimes referred to as \"father of computing.\" The International Charles Babbage Society (later the Charles Babbage Institute) took his name to honor his intellectual contributions and their relation to modern computers.\" [http://www.cbi.umn.edu/about/babbage.html Charles Babbage Institute] (page retrieved on 01/02/2012).", "� The precursor to the modern digital computer came in 1936, when the British mathematician Alan Turing developed the Turing Machine - a device looking like a typewriter that could process equations without human direction. From this machine the idea of buttons and keyboard for a computer was developed.", "The Antikythera Mechanism is a surprisingly sophisticated Greek mechanical calculator from ca. 100 BC, maybe used to track dates of the Ancient Olympic Games. Other devices such as the abacus have been used to aid computation for centuries. The German polymath Wilhelm Schickard built a calculating machine in 1623, but both the machine and its designer perished in the Thirty Years War. Schickard is not mentioned by Murray. Other machines by Blaise Pascal (1642) and Gottfried Leibniz (1671) followed but were not used to the extent that was hoped, partly because they provided little advantage in speed. Leibniz in 1679 realized that two digits – 1 and 0, or on and off in an electronic language – were all that were needed for a positional number system. This binary numeral system is now used in virtually all computers.", "Babbage’s analytical engine includes all the components of a modern computer. There is the memory- the ‘store’, the central processing unit- the ‘mill’, and the program or software- the punched cards.  Babbage understood that one can use numbers as codes or as data. He spent two years figuring out this scheme of computations.", "The first modern analog computer was a tide-predicting machine, invented by Sir William Thomson in 1872. The differential analyser, a mechanical analog computer designed to solve differential equations by integration using wheel-and-disc mechanisms, was conceptualized in 1876 by James Thomson, the brother of the more famous Lord Kelvin.", "Charles Babbage (1792-1871) designed his first mechanical computer, the first prototype for the difference engine. Babbage invented 2 machines the Analytical Engine (a general purpose mathematical device, see 1834) and the Difference Engine (a re-invention of Mueller's 1786 machine for solving polynomials), both machines were too complicated to be built (although attempt was made in 1832) - but the theories worked. The analytical engine (outlined in 1833) involved many processes similar to the early electronic computers - notably the use of punched cards for input.", "Charles Babbage FRS ( 26 December 1791 London , England – 18 October 1871 Marylebone , London , England ) was an English mathematician , philosopher , and mechanical engineer who originated the concept of a programmable computer . Parts of his uncompleted mechanisms are on display in the London Science Museum . In 1991 a perfectly functioning difference engine was constructed from Babbage’s original plans. Built to tolerances achievable in the 19th century, the success of the finished engine indicated that Babbage’s machine would have worked. Nine years later, the Science Museum completed the printer Babbage had designed for the difference engine, an astonishingly complex device for the 19th century. Babbage is credited with inventing the first mechanical computer that eventually led to more complex designs.", "* 1943–1944: The Colossus computer - the world's first programmable, electronic, digital computer - invented by Tommy Flowers (1905–1988). ", "� The first successful digital computer, the Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer (ENIAC), was invented by the American, John Mauchly, at the University of Pennsylvania in 1945. Many of ENIAC's first tasks were for military purposes, such as calculating ballistic firing tables and designing atomic weapons. Mauchly and a partner formed their own company, and produced the Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC), which was used for a broader variety of commercial applications.", "The world's first stored-program electronic digital computer, the English Small Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM, nicknamed the Baby) successfully executed its first program on 21st June 1948. That program was written by Tom Kilburn, who actually built the machine, designed by his mentor—Frederic (Freddie) Williams.", "The first modern analog computer was a tide-predicting machine, invented by Sir William Thomson, later Lord Kelvin, in 1872. It used a system of pulleys and wires to automatically calculate predicted tide levels for a set period at a particular location and was of great utility to navigation in shallow waters. His device was the foundation for further developments in analog computing. ", "� The first programmable computer was developed in 1804 when the Frenchman, Joseph-Marie Jacquard, invented a spinning loom which used punched cards to program preselected patterns. Jacquard was rewarded by Napoleon Bonaparte for his work, but was forced to flee Lyon when he was attacked by weavers who saw themselves being replaced by his invention. His looms are however still used today, especially in the manufacture of fine furniture fabrics.", "The University of Manchester built the world's first programmable computer, the Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine, on 21 June 1948; the Williams–Kilburn tube on the machine was the world's first computer memory, and the beginning of random-access memory (RAM); the baby computer was made from 550 Mullard valves. The first commercially available computer, the Ferranti Mark 1, was made in Manchester and sold in February 1951 to the University of Manchester. The world's first transitorised computer was the Manchester Transistor Computer in November 1953. Atlas was another important computer developed at the University of Manchester, largely developed by Tom Kilburn; at the time in 1962 it was most powerful computer in the world. The government had dropped its financial support of this computer, and was only funded by Ferranti—the total development cost was around £1m. Britain was leading the world at this time in computing, with the only main competitor being IBM; after the mid-1950s America took over the industry. The spreadsheet was invented in 1974, known as the Works Record System, and used an ADABAS database on a IBM 3270 at ICI in Northwich; it was developed by Dr Robert Mais and it was around four years before (the more well-known) VisiCalc in 1978. The University of Manchester has collected 25 Nobel prizes, though recent years have been less notable.", "In the beginning, tools (for example, axes) were extensions of human physical powers; at first powered by human muscle; then by domesticated beasts and in situ forces of nature, such as water and wind. The steam engine put fire in their bellies; machines became self-propelled, endowed with vestiges of self-control (as by Watt’s 1788 centrifugal governor); and the rest is modern history. Meanwhile, automation of intellectual labor had begun. Blaise Pascal developed an early adding/subtracting machine, the Pascaline (circa 1642). Gottfried Leibniz added multiplication and division functions with his Stepped Reckoner (circa 1671). The first programmable device, however, plied fabric not numerals. The Jacquard loom developed (circa 1801) by Joseph-Marie Jacquard used a system of punched cards to automate the weaving of programmable patterns and designs: in one striking demonstration, the loom was programmed to weave a silk tapestry portrait of Jacquard himself.", "The UNIVAC I was designed as a commercial data-processing computer, intended to replace the punched-card accounting machines of the day. It could read 7,200 decimal digits per second (it did not use binary numbers), making it by far the fastest business machine yet built. Its use of Eckert’s mercury delay lines greatly reduced the number of vacuum tubes needed (to 5,000), thus enabling the main processor to occupy a “mere” 14.5 by 7.5 by 9 feet (approximately 4.4 by 2.3 by 2.7 metres) of space. It was a true business machine, signaling the convergence of academic computational research with the office automation trend of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. As such, it ushered in the era of “Big Iron”—or large, mass-produced computing equipment.", "Charles Babbage is known as the Father of the modern computer (even though none of his computers worked or were even constructed in their entirety). He first designed plans to build, what he called the Automatic Difference Engine. It was designed to help in the construction of mathematical tables for navigation. Unfortunately, engineering limitations of his time made it impossible for the computer to be built. His next project was much more ambitious.", "Eccentric, English mathematician who is considered to have conceptualized the modern computer a century before technology let it be built. He conceptualized the Difference Engine , a machine that would have computed lengthy scientific tables, but money, labor, and health problems prevented its completion. The Analytical Engine , a more ambitious plan, would have done a wide range of calculating tasks. With it, Babbage recognized the need for an input device, memory, a central processing unit, and an output device, and for this he is known as the Father of Computing.", "The 1820s saw Babbage work on his 'Difference Engine', a machine which could perform mathematical calculations. A six-wheeled model was initially constructed and demonstrated to a number of audiences. He then developed plans for a bigger, better, machine - Difference Engine 2. He also worked on another invention, the more complex Analytical Engine, a revolutionary device on which his fame as a computer pioneer now largely rests. It was intended to be able to perform any arithmetical calculation using punched cards that would deliver the instructions, as well as a memory unit to store numbers and many other fundamental components of today's computers. The remarkable British mathematician Ada Lovelace completed a program for the Analytical Engine but neither it, nor Difference Engine 2, were finished in Babbage's lifetime.", "Colossus, the world's first programmable electronic computer, at Bletchley Park. It was designed by engineer Tommy Flowers based on theoretical work by mathematician Alan Turing.", "German who invented the first machine that could easily add, subtract, multiply and divide. He was also an advocate of the binary system.", "One feature of the Analytical Engine was its ability to place numbers and instructions temporarily in its store and return them to its mill for processing at an appropriate time. This was accomplished by the proper sequencing of instructions and data in its reader, and the ability to reorder instructions and data gave the machine a flexibility and power that was hard to grasp. The first electronic digital computers of a century later lacked this ability. It was remarkable that a young scholar realized its importance in 1840, and it would be 100 years before anyone would understand it so well again. In the intervening century, attention would be diverted to the calculator and other business machines.", "He is known to some as the \"Father of Computing\" for his contributions to the basic design of the computer through his Analytical machine.", "He was an English mathematician, philosopher, and mechanical engineer who originated the idea of a programmable computer.", "Colossus , the world's first electronic programmable computer, had a simpler predecessor: an electromechanical machine created in 1943 used by", "* May 6 – EDSAC, the first practicable stored-program computer, runs its first program at Cambridge University. ", "This man was a pioneer in computing, being the primary engineer behind IBM's Harvard Mark I computer." ]

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[ "Bill Cosby once said, “In order to succeed, your desire for success should be greater than your fear of failure.”  “No Fear” should be this guy’s middle name.  He is the kind of guy who would play basketball with you in your backyard if you asked him.  A good-looking guy; when you see him, you like him immediately.  He is a born entertainer.  At 6’ 4” tall, with a 45-inch vertical leap, he can jump out of your area code and light up a scoreboard like an old-fashioned pinball machine.  He can stuff a basketball faster then you can say “Sweet Georgia Brown” and is worth the price of admission all by him self.  Some around here say he is the medical definition of “goose bumps,” and you can’t fake goose bumps.  He loves nothing more than posterizing the competition.  He plays the game for keeps, as if behind enemy lines, and is more versatile than a Swiss Army knife.  “I love it,” he said to me.  ", "Born William Henry Cosby, Jr. on this day in 1937, he grew up in the Germantown section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. After a four-year stint in the U.S. Navy, Bill entered Temple University in Philadelphia where he was active in football and track. But it was comedy that came naturally to the young Cosby, and he was soon on the road, doing stand-up comedy at nightclubs, concert halls and theaters. Having made a name for himself in this area, Bill Cosby auditioned for the co-starring (with Robert Culp) role of Alexander Scott in \"I Spy\" in 1965, the same year he married Camille Hanks. \"I Spy\" was the world�s first dramatic TV series starring an African-American, and Cosby�s first attempt at drama. He won three Best-Actor Emmys for his effort. A sitcom, \"The Bill Cosby Show\" was next, featuring Cosby as high school basketball coach, Chet Kincaid.", "The casting of Bill Cosby was a bold decision by producer Sheldon Leonard. While Culp came to the series as a veteran television actor who had starred in a Western program of moderate success, Trackdown, Cosby was a story-telling comedian whose greatest exposure on TV had been on Johnny Carson's Tonight program. Cosby was not only an unknown dramatic quantity, his role could have been played by a white man. Casting Cosby as Alexander Scott, the tennis trainer and traveling companion of Culp's character, fellow agent Kelly Robinson, broke the color line as had no series in TV history.", "A Pennsylvania judge today ordered Bill Cosby to stand trial on accusations of sexual assault, the most serious setback so far for a man who epitomized the all-American dad on the 1980s sitcom The Cosby Show. A trial date has not yet been set. Cosby faces up to 10 years in prison if convicted of the most serious charge against him, aggravated indecent assault.", "Ali toys with the finely combed hair of television sports commentator Howard Cosell before the start of the Olympic boxing trials, Aug. 7, 1972, in West Point, N.Y.", "Muhammad Ali, former world heavyweight boxing champion, toys with the finely combed hair of television sports commentator Howard Cosell before the start of the Olympic boxing trials, August 7, 1972, in West Point, N.Y.", "October 1 - Erik Roner, an extreme athlete whose feats were seen regularly on MTV and Outside Television, died Monday in a parachuting accident, California authorities said... \"Saturday Night Live\" kicked off its 41st season strong, with help from host Miley Cyrus and a special guest: presidential candidate Hillary Rodham Clinton. The season premiere scored a 4.5 household rating and 11 share in metered market households, up 13% versus last year's premiere, according to Nielsen. The Cyrus-Clinton episode earned a 2.0/10 in the desired 18- to 49-year-old demographic... Model Chloe Goins who has accused Bill Cosby of drugging her at the Playboy Mansion in 2008 sued the comedian on Tuesday for sexual assault. This suite does fall within the statute of limitations and could be significant. \"Bill Cosby touched an intimate part of Chloe Goins' body while she was seriously disabled and/or unconscious,\" the lawsuit states... Passing - Billy Joe Royal - known for his big 1965 hit, “Down in the Boondocks.” He was 73.", "FILE - In this Aug. 7, 1972, file photo, Muhammad Ali jokes with television sports commentator Howard Cosell before the start of the Olympic boxing trials, in West Point, NY. Ali, the magnificent heavyweight champion whose fast fists and irrepressible personality transcended sports and captivated the world, has died according to a statement released by his family Friday, June 3, 2016. He was 74. (AP Photo/File)", "The O. J. Simpson murder case (People v. Simpson) was a criminal trial held in the Los Angeles County, California Superior Court in which former American football star and actor O. J. Simpson was charged with the 1994 murder of his ex-wife Nicole Brown Simpson and her friend Ronald Goldman . The case has been described as the most publicized criminal trial in American history. [1] Simpson was acquitted [2] after a lengthy trial that lasted over nine months—the longest jury trial in California history. [3]", "On February 6, 1967, Ali returned to a  Houston   boxing ring  to fight Terrell in what is regarded as one of the uglier fights in boxing. Terrell had angered Ali by calling him Clay, and the champion vowed to punish him for this insult. During the fight, Ali kept shouting at his opponent, \"What's my name,  Uncle Tom  ... What's my name?\" Terrell suffered 15 rounds of brutal punishment, losing 13 rounds on two judges' scorecards, but Ali did not knock him out. Analysts, including several who spoke to  ESPN  on the sports channel's \"Ali Rap\" special, speculated that the fight continued only because Ali wanted to thoroughly punish and humiliate Terrell. After the fight,  Tex Maule  wrote, \"It was a wonderful demonstration of boxing skill and a barbarous display of cruelty.\" When asked about this during a replay of the fight on ABC's popular \"Wide World of Sports\" by host Howard Cosell, Ali said he was not unduly cruel to Terrell- that boxers are paid to punch all their opponents into submission or defeat. He pointed out that if he had not hit and hurt Terrell, Terrell would have hit and hurt him, which is standard practice. Cosell's repeated reference to the topic surprised Ali. Following his final defense against  Zora Folley  in March 1967 Ali would be stripped of his title the following month for refusing to be drafted into the Army [5]  and had his professional boxing license suspended.", "Allen Greg Cowlings (born June 16, 1947) is a former American football player. He played in the NFL (NFL) from 1970 to 1979 for the Buffalo Bills, Houston Oilers, Los Angeles Rams, Seattle Seahawks, and San Francisco 49ers. Cowlings was taken 5th overall in the first round by the Buffalo Bills in the 1970 NFL Draft. Marcin (1971), p. 56.Ebony (Nov 1974), p. 170. Ebony (Nov 1977), pp. 170–172. Cowlings is also known for his role in O. J. Simpson's murder trial.", "Author Appeal : Cosby is a huge fan of the blues and jazz, which is why several artists ended up on the show (see Celebrity Cameo).", "Brown was acquitted of assaulting a man after a traffic accident in 1969. He was fined $500 and spent a day in jail after beating up a golfing partner in 1978. He was charged with rape, sexual battery and assault in 1985, but the charges were dropped when the 33-year-old woman gave inconsistent testimony.", "Bill Cosby has touched our lives not only on television, but as an actor, producer, director and screenwriter of films; as an author of the bestsellers, \"Fatherhood\", \"Time Flies\" and \"Congratulations! Now What? : A Book for Graduates\", to name a few titles; as a recording artist (five Grammy Awards for Best Comedy Album), as a spokesperson (Kodak, JELL-O, Coca-Cola, et al.); as a board member of several organizations, including president of the Rhythm and Blues Hall of Fame, and as a philanthropist.", "* Bill Cosby parodied The Green Hornet in his c. 1970 syndicated five-minutes-a-day radio program, The Brown Hornet, which he revived in the late 1970s for his Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids cartoon show.", "The Cosby Show is an American television situation comedy starring Bill Cosby, first airing on September 20, 1984 and running for eight seasons on the NBC television network, until April 30, 1992. The show focused on the Huxtable family, an upper-middle class African-American family living in a brownstone building in Brooklyn, New York", "During the run of the series, Cosby continued to do stand-up comedy performances and recorded a half-dozen record albums for Warner Bros. Records. He also began to dabble in singing, recording Silver Throat: Bill Cosby Sings in 1967, which provided him with a hit single with his recording of Little Ole Man (Uptight, Everything's Alright). As a single, the song sold over one million copies in the U.S. (achieving \"gold\" status), and hit number 4 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart. He would record several more musical albums into the early 1970s, but he continued to record primarily stand-up comedy work.", "Deadpan Snarker : Cliff and Sondra are the primary examples. (Well, this is Bill Cosby , after all.)", "Stars: Bill Cosby, Phylicia Rash?d, Lisa Bonet, Malcolm-Jamal Warner, Tempestt Bledsoe, Keshia Knight Pulliam, Sabrina Le Beauf, Geoffrey Owens, Joseph C. Phillips, Raven-Symoné, Erika Alexander", "Supermodel Janice Dickinson has become the latest in a string of women to accuse comedian Bill Cosby of sexual assault. In an interview with Entertainment Tonight, Ms Dickinson, 59, alleged that Cosby had drugged and raped her in 1982, after he invited her to visit him at a hotel in Lake Tahoe, California, where he was performing a stand-up show.", "The Cosby Show is a sitcom starring Bill Cosby that aired for eight seasons on NBC from 1984 until 1992. The show focuses on the Huxtable family, an affluent African-American family living in Brooklyn, New York.", "Cosby proved uniquely qualified for the part. His talent for subtle comedy was matched by a dramatic skill which allowed him to range with apparent ease between emotions of patriotism and self-doubt, romance and intrigue. Cosby was successful in the series. During the three seasons I Spy was on the air, he won three Emmy awards as the most outstanding actor in a continuing dramatic role. And he was popular with audiences. According to a TVQ performer-study by the Home Testing Institute in 1966, Cosby was one of the most popular stars in video—ranking first with children twelve to seventeen years of age, third with those eighteen to thirty-four years of age, and tying for eighth with the total audience.", "1998 - A jury in Santa Monica, CA, convicted Mikail Markhasev of murdering Ennis Cosby, Bill Cosby's only son, during a roadside robbery.", "Cosby has been the subject of publicized sexual assault allegations. With the earliest alleged incidents allegedly taking place in the mid-1960s, Cosby has been accused by more than 50 women of either rape, drug facilitated sexual assault, sexual battery, child sexual abuse, and/or sexual misconduct. Earlier sexual assault allegations against Cosby became more public after an October 2014 accusation as part of an onstage performance by comedian Hannibal Buress went viral, and many additional claims were made after that date. The dates of the alleged incidents span from 1965 to 2008 across 10 U.S. states and one Canadian province. ", "In 1965, Cosby was cast alongside Robert Culp in the I Spy espionage adventure series on NBC. I Spy became the first weekly dramatic television series to feature an African American in a starring role. At first Cosby and NBC executives were concerned that some affiliates might be unwilling to carry the series. At the beginning of the 1965 season, four stations declined the show; they were in Georgia, Florida, and Alabama. Viewers were taken with the show's exotic locales and the authentic chemistry between the stars, and it became one of the ratings hits of that television season. I Spy finished among the twenty most-watched shows that year, and Cosby would be honored with three consecutive Emmy Awards for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series. When accepting his third Emmy for the show, Cosby told the audience: \"Let the message be known to bigots and racists that they don’t count!\"", "The trial began on June 27, 1921 in Chicago, though author Pietrusza has its beginning date at July 18th, 1921. Player Shano Collins was named as the wronged party in the indictments, accusing his corrupt teammates of having cost him $1,784 as a result of the scandal. Before the trial, key evidence went missing from the Cook County courthouse, including the signed confessions of Cicotte and Jackson, who subsequently recanted their confessions. Some years later, the missing confessions reappeared in the possession of Comiskey's lawyer. ", "A lawsuit was filed in 2014 alleging that Cosby molested Judy, and earlier this month a judge ordered Cosby to give a second deposition.", "*Director John Sayles' Eight Men Out, a 1988 film based on Asinof's book, is a dramatization of the scandal, focusing largely on Buck Weaver (played by John Cusack) as the one banned player who did not take any money. Also starring in the film were Charlie Sheen (Hap Felsch), Michael Rooker (Chick Gandil), David Strathairn (Eddie Cicotte), John Mahoney (Kid Gleason), Christopher Lloyd (\"Sleepy\" Bill Burns), Clifton James (Charles Comiskey) and D. B. Sweeney as Shoeless Joe Jackson. Sayles himself portrayed sports writer Ring Lardner.", "Controversy, however, followed King. In 1981, Barnett filed an unprecedented palimony suit against King in Los Angeles, successfully outing King, who became the first professional athlete to acknowledge a homosexual relationship. Despite being an outcast to her peers and shunned by her sponsors, King bravely plowed on with her playing career.", "* She was parodied on The Cosby Show in the 1984 episode \"Bon Jour Sondra\" by characters Cliff and Theo Huxtable. ", "Howard Cosell (Cohen) was born on this day in 1918. Cosell came to be the most liked -- and the most disliked -- sports journalist across America.", "Shawn likes to tell people that Gus played Bud on The Cosby Show (1984). Dulé Hill who plays Gus, guest starred on \"Cosby\" once." ]

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[ "Hollywood’s master of suspense, Alfred Hitchcock, was born on August 13, 1899, in Leytonstone, England. As a director, Hitchcock had a career that spanned half a century and made films with some of Hollywood’s most impressive actors, such as Jimmy Stewart, Carey Grant, Ingrid Bergman, and Grace Kelly.  For a great director, Alfred Hitchcock’s career began with an inauspicious start.  Hitchcock's first few films faced a string of bad luck. His first directing project came in 1922 with the aptly titled Number 13, which was cancelled before it was released, due to financial problems. Hitchcock then went on to direct a film called The Pleasure Garden, which was a commercial flop. After this, he had difficulty getting another opportunity to direct a film. Many people faced with repeated failures would have given up, but not Alfred Hitchcock.", "Alfred Hitchcock was born in 1899 to a middle-class London family. In 1914 he found a job with the Famous Players—Lasky Corporation as a title card designer, beginning his long career in the film industry. Within a few years he had moved up in the company to directing films. Working with the Lasky Corporation in Berlin, Hitchcock made his first two pictures. A few years later Hitchcock made the film he would note as the beginning of his career. THE LODGER (1926), a retelling of the story of Jack the Ripper, began a string of suspense films that would bring him to the top of the English cinema. Among the other well-known films of his English period were BLACKMAIL (1929), THE MAN WHO KNEW TOO MUCH (1934), and THE THIRTY-NINE STEPS (1935). The English cinema had little money, and Hitchcock longed to be in Hollywood, where the world’s best films were being made.", "The Lodger changed Hitchcock’s fortunes as the film won critical acclaim. In December of1926, Hitchcock married his assistant director, Alma Reville. After this came a string of successful movies such as The Man Who Knew Too Much, and 39 Steps. Hitchcock said he owed his success to the collaborative efforts of his wife. By 1940, Alfred Hitchcock was ready to move from England to the bright lights of Hollywood. His first American film was Rebecca, based upon the novel by Daphne du Maurier.  During the 1940s with America at war, films such as Saboteur and Life Boat, the tale of the few survivors of a German U-boat attack, won critical acclaim. However, it is Alfred Hitchcock’s later works that are most remembered, such as Rear Window, starring Grace Kelly and Jimmy Stewart, the story of a man confined to a wheelchair while recovering from a broken leg who witnesses a man murdering his wife in the apartment building across the street; North by Northwest, staring Carey Grant as an advertising executive who is framed for a political assassination; The Birds, a disturbing film about an ecological disaster in a small seaside town in which birds of all types begin to attack people, and his most famous movie; and the most terrifying, Psycho.", "British film-maker Sir Alfred Hitchcock [1899-1980] began making movies in 1921 and ended with Family Plot in 1976. In between, he made dozens and dozens of films, some of which (the earlier ones) have been lost. Some of his more well-known and best-loved movies include Rebecca (1940), Suspicion (1941), Spellbound (1945), Notorious (1946), Rope (1948), Strangers on a Train (1951), Dial M for Murder (1954), Rear Window (1954), Vertigo (1958), North by Northwest (1959), Psycho (1960), and The Birds (1963).", "Hitchcock’s first film as a director was the comedy Mrs. Peabody (1922; also called Number 13), which was not completed, for lack of funding. His first released film was Always Tell Your Wife (1923), which he codirected with its star Seymour Hicks, but he did not receive credit. Solo credit did not come for another two years, with the melodrama The Pleasure Garden (1925). That was followed by The Mountain Eagle (1926), a drama set in the Kentucky mountains. But it was The Lodger: A Story of the London Fog (1927) that both he and students of the cinema would come to regard as his first “real” work—and one that very much drew on his youthful surroundings. Adapted from a popular novel by Marie Belloc Lowndes , the suspenseful story introduces the structure of many Hitchcock films to come: a London man ( Ivor Novello ) is accused of being a Jack the Ripper -like killer and finds it nearly impossible to prove his innocence. The film became his first hit and also was the first film in which he made his trademark cameo appearance.", "While Hitchcock is held up as one of filmmaking history’s true auteurs, his first Hollywood feature is, in many ways, a studio film, as it was his first picture directed under contract to David O Selznick. By 1940, this legendary producer had made his name by creating lavish adaptations of literary epics, such as Anna Karenina, A Tale Of Two Cities, and the high-grossing, Oscar-nabbing Gone With The Wind. ", "Hitchcock came to America in 1939 as an already very established filmmaker. «Rebecca», released in 1940, was Hitchcock's first American film and was a huge success, winning best picture. During this decade Hitchcock also created two other Masterpieces: «Shadow of a Doubt in 1943, and «Notorious» in 1946. It wasn't until the 1950s however, that Hitchcock really took off in the US and became a household name. This era produced some of his best work such «Strangers on a Train» in 1951, «To Catch a Thief» in 1955, and «Vertigo» in 1958. 1960 is arguably the pinnacle of Hitchcock's career when he released the hit «Psycho», which generated over 18 times more money than was put into it. His final work came in 1976 when he released «Family Plot», putting an end to one of the most amazing directing careers in the history of film (Giannetti 279-81).", "By now contracted to Gaumont British, Alfred Hitchcock had settled on the thriller genre by the mid-1930s with The Man Who Knew Too Much (1934), The 39 Steps (1935) and The Lady Vanishes (1938). Lauded in Britain where he was dubbed \"Alfred the Great\" by Picturegoer magazine, Hitchcock's reputation was beginning to develop overseas, with a New York Times feature writer asserting; \"Three unique and valuable institutions the British have that we in America have not. Magna Carta, the Tower Bridge and Alfred Hitchcock, the greatest director of screen melodramas in the world.\" Hitchcock was then signed up to a seven-year contract by Selznick and moved to Hollywood.", "Alfred Hitchcock's first American film, Rebecca (1940) , won Best Picture at the awards ceremony in 1941. It competed against another Hitchcock film, his second American film - Foreign Correspondent .", "Hitchcock's first few films faced a string of bad luck. His first directing project came in 1922 with the aptly-titled Number 13. However, the production was canceled due to financial problems and the few scenes that were finished at that point were apparently lost. In 1925, Michael Balcon of Gainsborough Pictures gave Hitchcock another opportunity for a directing credit with The Pleasure Garden made at UFA Studios in Germany. Unfortunately, The film was a commercial flop. Next, Hitchcock directed a drama called The Mountain Eagle (released under the title Fear o' God in the United States). This film was also eventually lost. In 1926, Hitchcock's luck changed with his first thriller, The Lodger: A Story of the London Fog . The film, released in January 1927, was a major commercial and critical success in the United Kingdom. As with many of his earlier works, this film was influenced by Expressionist techniques. Hitchcock had witnessed first-hand in Germany. Some commentators regard this piece as the first truly \"Hitchcockian\" film, incorporating such themes as the \"wrong man\".", "Simpson.  Ingrid Bergman, Joseph Cotten, Michael Wilding, Margaret Leighton, Cecil Parker.  Australia, 1831.  A new Governor has arrived.  With him is his nephew, Charles Adare, who soon finds himself invited to dinner by Sam Flusky, a prospering ex-convict, and his wife Lady Henrietta, who had been a friend of Charles's sister in Ireland.  The Fluskys are childless and Henrietta is an alcoholic.  Charles undertakes to try and rehabilitate Henrietta.  Emotions flare.  Flusky becomes jealous of Charles, accidentally shooting and seriously wounding him.  It gets deeper...  Rope was Hitchcock's first film as producer, Under Capricorn his second.  He believed it was his \"juvenile\" behavior that sent his company, Transatlantic Pictures, into bankruptcy. Under Capricorn was shot in England (standing in for 1830s Australia), and Hitchcock, seduced by the idea of returning to England with Hollywood's biggest star, arrived in London, flashbulbs popping, with Ingrid Bergman in tow.  Her presence proved too costly. Audiences expecting excitement from Hitchcock were frustrated to discover a costume love story. True, it was beautifully photographed, but it was not a thriller.  Out of Print.  A real sought-after rarity.", "Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock, KBE, (13 August 1899 – 29 April 1980) was an English film director and producer, at times referred to as \"The Master of Suspense\". He pioneered many elements of the suspense and psychological thriller genres. He had a successful career in British cinema with both silent films and early talkies and became renowned as England's best director. Hitchcock moved to Hollywood in 1939 and became a US citizen in 1955. ", "Alfred Hitchcock was a British film director and producer, best known for his suspense thrillers 'Psycho' and 'The Birds'.", "Part I: Alfred the Great. This first program traces the early years of Hitchcock's life and career, looking at his upbringing, education, and rise as a director. Details his apprenticeship with Fritz Lang, his production of the first British \"talkie,\" his move to Hollywood and his tumultuous collaboration with David O. Selznick and the formation of his own short-lived studio. Features extensive film clips, interviews, commentary, and previously unavailable materials, including outtakes, filmed auditions, and Hitchcock's own home movies. 1999. 52 min. DVD 2337", "Director Alfred Hitchcock's first R-rated film was about a serial killer who specialized in using neckties to strangle his female victims.", "Alfred Hitchcock was a film director (b. 1899 d. 1980) whose most famous work include Vertigo, The Birds, Psycho, etc, etc.", "English film director Alfred Hitchcock made cameo appearances in 39 of his 52 surviving major films (his second film, The Mountain Eagle, is lost). For the films in which he appeared, he would be seen for a brief moment boarding a bus, crossing in front of a building, standing in an apartment across the courtyard, or even appearing in a newspaper photograph (as seen in the film Lifeboat, which otherwise provided no other opportunity for him to appear).", "With the prestigious Selznick picture Rebecca in 1940 , Hitchcock made his first American movie, set in England and based on a novel by English author Daphne du Maurier. The film starred Laurence Olivier and Joan Fontaine. This Gothic melodrama explores the fears of a naive young bride who enters a great English country home and must adapt to the extreme formality and coldness she finds there. The film won the Academy Award for Best Picture of 1940. The statuette was given to Selznick, as the film's producer. The film did not win the Best Director award for Hitchcock.", "Following the success of The Lodger, Hitchcock began his first efforts to promote himself in the media, and hired a publicist to cement his growing reputation as one of the British film industry's rising stars. In 1926, he was to marry his assistant director Alma Reville. They had a daughter, Patricia, in 1928. Alma was Hitchcock's closest collaborator. She wrote some of his screenplays and worked with him on every one of his films.", "Following the success of The Lodger, Hitchcock began initial efforts to promote himself in the media, and hired a publicist to imbue his growing reputation as one of the British film industry's rising stars. On December 2, 1926 , Hitchcock married his assistant director, Alma Reville at the Brompton Oratory. Their first child, daughter Patricia, was born in 1928. Alma was to become Hitchcock's closest collaborator. She wrote some of his screenplays and (though often uncredited) worked with him on every one of his films.", "Hitchcock arrived in Hollywood in 1939 and although he worked with a number of distinguished American authors including Robert E. Sherwood and Dorothy Parker, these early efforts were largely stories set in England, or reworkings of his British successes. The director did not establish a truly American voice until his collaboration with playwright Thornton Wilder on Shadow of a Doubt. \"This was one of those rare occasions when suspense and melodrama combined well with character,\" said Hitchcock. An even more fruitful association with Ben Hecht followed.", "Sir Alfred Hitchcock was an English movie director, famously dubbed as the âThe Master of Suspenseâ. He was an extraordinary director who entertained his audience with his engaging and captivating suspense thrillers. His fascination with crime and its consequences began at an early age, when he was punished by his father and he spent several minutes inside a prison for his mischief. Hence his movies are symbolic of the guilt and innocence of a victim. He possessed a knack for creating stories that consisted of deceit, fraud, murder, blackmail and other criminal offences with incredible plot twists in the storyline. The protagonists in his movies were the common people most of the time, caught in unwanted and unavoidable critical situations. He had the sense of spellbinding the people and engaging them as a part of his suspense thrillers. He was a prolific story-teller with a fine sense of judgment about his body of work which is considered to be engrossing and enthralling by the critics. Most of his movies have stood the test of time and are considered to be masterpieces. He is remembered by other filmmakers for he inspired them to be passionate about their work, and by the people around the world for his entertaining and thrilling stories.", "Shadow of a Doubt (1943), Hitchcock's personal favourite of all his films and the second of the early Universal films, was about young Charlotte \"Charlie\" Newton (Teresa Wright), who suspects her beloved uncle Charlie Oakley (Joseph Cotten) of being a serial murderer. Critics have said that in its use of overlapping characters, dialogue, and closeups it has provided a generation of film theorists with psychoanalytic potential, including Jacques Lacan and Slavoj Žižek. Hitchcock again filmed extensively on location, this time in the Northern California city of Santa Rosa, California, during the summer of 1942. The director showcased his own personal fascination with crime and criminals when he had two of his characters discuss various ways of killing people, to the obvious annoyance of Charlotte.", "Alfred Joseph Hitchcock, or ‘The Master of Suspense’, was born in August 13, 1899, in Leytonstone, London, England. He was a British filmmaker... and producer who, in his 50 year career, greatly contributed to filmmaking’s growth as an art. His brilliance was sometimes too bright: He was hated as well as loved, oversimplified as well as overanalyzed. Hitchcock was eccentric, challenging, creative, and impassioned. Hitchcock started working as a title card designer for the London branch of what would...", "This film must have caused quite a stir when it was released in London. Alfred Hitchcock became the first British director to produce a complete talking picture in \"our mother tongue as it should be -- spoken.\"", "Alfred Hitchcock was born on 13 August 1899 in Leytonstone, Essex, the second son and the youngest of three children of William Hitchcock (1862–1914), a greengrocer and poulterer, and Emma Jane Hitchcock (née Whelan; 1863–1942), named after his father's brother. Hitchcock was brought up as a Roman Catholic and was sent to Salesian College and the Jesuit Classic school St Ignatius' College in Stamford Hill, London. His parents were both of half-English and half-Irish ancestry. He often described a lonely and sheltered childhood worsened by his obesity. Around age five, Hitchcock said that he was sent by his father to the local police station with a note asking the officer to lock him away for five minutes as punishment for behaving badly. This incident implanted a lifetime fear of policemen in Hitchcock, and such harsh treatment and wrongful accusations were frequent themes in his films.", "Alfred Hitchcock was born on 13 August 1899 in Leytonstone, which at the time was part of Essex. He was the second son and the youngest of three children of William Hitchcock (1862–1914), a greengrocer and poulterer, and Emma Jane Hitchcock (born Whelan; 1863–1942). He was named after his father's brother. Hitchcock was brought up as a Roman Catholic and was sent to Salesian College and the Jesuit Classic school St Ignatius' College in Stamford Hill, London. His parents were both of half-English and half-Irish ancestry. He often described a lonely and sheltered childhood worsened by his obesity. Around age five, Hitchcock said that he was sent by his father to the local police station with a note asking the officer to lock him away for five minutes as punishment for behaving badly. This incident implanted a lifetime fear of policemen in Hitchcock, and such harsh treatment and wrongful accusations are frequent themes in his films. ", "Hitchcock became famous for his expert and largely unrivalled control of pace and suspense, and his films draw heavily on both fear and fantasy. The films are known for their droll humour and witticisms, and these cinematic works often portray innocent people caught up in circumstances beyond their control or understanding.", "Opening dedication: This film is dedicated to the Master of Suspense Alfred Hitchcock See more »", "Directed by Alfred Hitchcock . Screenplay written by Joseph Stefano , based on the novel by Robert Bloch .", "Alfred Joseph Hitchcock was born on 13 August 1899 in Leytonstone, at the time part of Essex (now part of the London Borough of Waltham Forest).", "Directed by Alfred Hitchcock . Written by John Michael Hayes , based on the novel by David Dodge ." ]

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[ "\"Main Street\" and \"High Street\" are common names for the major street in the middle of a shopping area in the United States and the United Kingdom, respectively. The most common street name in the US is \"2nd\" or \"Second\". ", "Church Lane is the UK's third most-common street name. Of the remaining names in the top four, put these in order of popularity:", "What is the most common road name in the UK? - General in Kettering - Zoopla", "So, I was on a one hour bus journey today, it was rather boring, so I decided to look for funny street names. Whilst looking, I saw three roads called Church Road, which made me wonder what the most common road name is.", "Some street names in large cities can become metonyms, and stand for whole types of businesses or ways of life. \"Fleet Street\" in London still represents the British press, and \"Wall Street\" in New York City stands for American finance, though the former does not serve its respective industry any more. In London, a top surgeon with a private practice is liable to be referred to as a Harley Street surgeon even if she or he does not actually maintain an office in Harley Street. Also Saville Row is a world-known metonym for a good tailor. The cachet of streets like Park Avenue and Fifth Avenue can prove effective branding, as for the Buick Park Avenue luxury car, and Saks Department Store being always known as \"Saks Fifth Avenue\". In the opposite way, 42nd Street still symbolizes a street of pleasure, but also sin and decadence. Like Wall Street, Toronto's Bay Street represented Canadian finance and still serves it today.", "In the City of London, according to tradition, there are no \"Roads\"; all the streets there are called \"Street\", \"Lane\", \"Court\", \"Hill\", \"Row\" or \"Alley\", or have no suffix (e.g. Cheapside). However, since 1994, part of Goswell Road now lies in the City of London, making this a unique anomaly. ", "Oxford Street has been ranked as the most important retail location in Britain and the busiest shopping street in Europe. The street is often congested both on the pavements, due to the large number of shoppers and tourists, many of whom arrive at one of the tube stations, and on the roadway as a result of the many buses routed along the street.", "Rhyming slang is used mainly in London in England but can to some degree be understood across the country. Some constructions, however, rely on particular regional accents for the rhymes to work. For instance, the term \"Charing Cross\" (a place in London), used to mean \"horse\" since the mid-19th century, does not work for a speaker without the lot–cloth split, common in London at that time but not nowadays. A similar example is \"Joanna\" meaning \"piano\", which is based on the pronunciation of \"piano\" as \"pianna\". Unique formations also exist in other parts of the United Kingdom, such as in the East Midlands, where the local accent has formed \"Derby Road\", which rhymes with \"cold\".", "The Shambles, derived from the Anglo-Saxon term fleshammels (\"meat shelves\" in butchers' stalls), is a historical street name which still exists in various cities and towns around England. The best-known example is in York. ", "Some major roads, particularly motorways and freeways, are given road numbers rather than, or in addition to, names. Examples include the M1 and Interstate 5. Many roads in Britain are numbered as part of the Great Britain road numbering scheme, and the same applies in many other countries. The same is also common in the United States; for example, in Washington, D.C., much of New York Avenue is U.S. Route 50. In York Region, Ontario, the former provincial Highway 7 (currently signed as York Regional Road 7) is still referred to as Highway 7 on road signs and in everyday use, even though the road has not been part of Ontario's provincial highway system since 1998. ", "St Annes is one of the few English towns whose centre was designed from the outset with a grid layout, albeit one which follows the curvature of the coast. Many principal streets are named after saints, such as St Annes Road West, the main shopping street, and St Annes Road East which is residential. The west/east demarcation is mostly according to the railway. The other axis consists of the two St Annes Roads. Roads which intersect either of these are named accordingly, for example St David's Road North and St David's Road South, St Andrew's Road North and St Andrew's Road South, St Patrick's Road North and St Patrick's Road South, North Promenade and South Promenade, Crosland Road North and Crosland Road South, Beverley Road North and Beverley Road South, and Clifton Drive North and Clifton Drive South. Roads from west-east that are named in this way include St Leonard's Road West and St Leonard's Road East, and Highbury Road West and Highbury Road East. Another lesser-known naming convention applies to back alleys, which are named after rivers, for example Tyne Street, Ribble Street, Avon Street, Tweed Street, Don Street and Goyt Street. Many of these streets no longer have properties in their own right, being used only for access to the rear of properties on neighbouring streets, and so many do not have name plates.", "Several place names on the route have the suffix -cester or -chester, which is from the Latin castra meaning military camp. Some settlements are named after the road itself, such as Fosse-, or -on-Fosse, while others have a more generic form, such as Street, Strete, -le-Street, Stratton, Stretton, Stratford, and Stretford, from the Latin strata, meaning paved road.", "Formerly Clarence Street. As Liverpool absorbed neighbouring townships, street names were often duplicated. As a result, names, usually in the district taken over, were sometimes changed. In this way, Clarence Street, Everton, became Fitzclarence Street, the name given to the Duke of Clarence's children by Mrs Jordan.", "These resemble a typical roundabout but are signalised and have a straight-through section of carriageway for one of the major routes. The hamburger name derives from the fact that the plan view resembles the cross-section through a hamburger. The United Kingdom has examples on the A580 East Lancashire Road in St Helens, on Haydock Island in Merseyside (which also features the M6 passing overhead), and on the Astley/Boothstown border. More examples are the A6003 at Kettering, the A538 near Manchester Airport, the \"Showcase\" junction on A329 at Winnersh, Berkshire and the A63/A1079 Mytongate junction in Hull. Examples also exist in Bracknell, Hull, Bramcote in Nottinghamshire and Reading, as well as on the N2/M50 intersection in Dublin, Ireland. In Perth, Western Australia, one is found at the intersection of The Strand, Morley and Alexander Drives. Throughabouts are very common in Spain, where they are called raquetas (Spanish for \"racket (sports equipment)|[tennis] racket\") or glorieta/rotonda partida (\"split roundabout\"). ", "Street origin = british \"roman road� original derivation = old english from latin), places in england.", "Oxford Street is a major road in the City of Westminster in the West End of London. It is Europe's busiest shopping street, with around half a million daily visitors, and as of 2012 had approximately 300 shops. It is designated as part of the A40, a major road between London and Fishguard, though it is not signed as such, and traffic is regularly restricted to buses and taxis.", "*The UK's first pedestrian diagonal X-crossing was pioneered at the intersection with Balham High Road, Balham Station Road, and Chestnut Grove in 2005. This was later adopted at Oxford Circus in 2009 which was the second X-crossing in the UK. ", "Major roads in the area include the A1 (Gateshead Newcastle Western Bypass), stretching north to Edinburgh and south to London; the A19 heading south past Sunderland and Middlesbrough to York and Doncaster; the A69 heading west to Carlisle; the A696, which becomes the A68 heads past Newcastle Airport and up through central Northumberland and central Scottish Borders, the A167, the old \"Great North Road\", heading south to Gateshead, Chester-le-Street, Durham and Darlington; and the A1058 \"Coast Road\", which runs from Jesmond to the east coast between Tynemouth and Cullercoats. Many of these designations are recent—upon completion of the Western Bypass, and its designation as the new line of the A1, the roads between this and the A1's former alignment through the Tyne Tunnel were renumbered, with many city centre roads changing from a 6-prefix to their present 1-prefix numbers. In November 2011 the capacity of the Tyne Tunnel was increased when a project to build a second road tunnel and refurbish the first tunnel was completed. ", "There must be many claimants for the title of shortest classified road in GB. Most are urban link roads, which were allocated separate numbers many years ago, whereas these days they would simply be a spur of the main route.", "High Street etc. Pedestrianized. Usual high street shops plus a few one-offs. Adjacent pedestrianized shopping streets include Friar Street, The Shambles, Mealcheapen Street and Pump Street.   edit", "High Street ran west from the Cornhill, converged with Orlove and St. Mary streets to form a triangular area, called the Orfair in 1399, and continued as Pynel Street to the west gate. (fn. 88) Both Pynel and Orlove seem to have been personal names. (fn. 89) Orlove Street (later Back Street) was called Clare Street in the 20th century, Pynel Street (later Prickett's Lane) was called Market Street, and the junction with High Street and St. Mary Street was called Penel Orlieu. (fn. 90)", "The extent of new building notwithstanding, the grid pattern of the streets of Hull remained basically unchanged. Sections of the original long thoroughfares were given separate names, however: in the 16th century Beverley Street came to comprise Fish Street (fn. 680) and Land of Green Ginger, the last a name of uncertain origin; (fn. 681) part of Church Lane was called Posterngate; (fn. 682) and part of Blackfriargate became Blanket Row. (fn. 683) By the late 17th century another part of Beverley Street was called Sewer Lane, (fn. 684) and a section of Whitefriargate was called Silver Street. (fn. 685) Some smaller streets also had new names: by the early 16th century Daggard Lane had become Dagger Lane, (fn. 686) and by the end of the 17th century Denton Lane was called Bowlalley Lane. (fn. 687) Other streets seem to have had temporary alternative names: Chapel Lane was apparently called St. Mary Lane in the early 16th century; (fn. 688) the names Oggar Lane, Hutchinson's Row, and Bruer Lane were applied respectively to Sewer Lane, Dagger Lane, and Fish Street in the mid-17th century; (fn. 689) and Lowgate was otherwise known as Manor Side later in that century. (fn. 690)", "Brook Street was first called Little Brook Street, and afterwards Lower Brook Street. It takes its name from the Tyburn, which flowed down the course of South Molton Lane and Avery Row, by Bruton Mews to the bottom of Hay Hill, and through the gardens of Lansdowne House to Shepherd's Market. It then crossed Piccadilly at Engine Street, and flowed through the Green Park to Buckingham Palace. [Pg 20]", "The UK has many eccentric-sounding place names, but where would you find the street known as Whip-Ma-Whop-Ma-Gate?", "At the northern end of the market place, a street called Galgate runs north-east following the ancient course of a Roman road that ran from Stainmore to join Dere Street near West Auckland. The name Galgate originates from post Roman times and is so called because it once led to the gallows where public hangings took place, (as at Gallowgate in Newcastle upon Tyne ).", "Each week we get the odd email from various media outlets asking us some strange questions for whatever article they are currently writing. Time upon time, we get asked ‘What is the most popular pub name in the UK?’ We thought we’d share with you what they are – is your local named the same?", "A street or road name or odonym is an identifying name given to a street. The street name usually forms part of the address (though addresses in some parts of the world, notably most of Japan, make no reference to street names). Buildings are often given numbers along the street to further help identify them.", "Take the train on the same line as above, and get off at Fulwell. Walk south on Wellington Road, and then turn right onto Park Road. Follow this road as it joins the A312 for about 1.5 km in total. Just below the A316 bridge, which you will see ahead of you as you follow the A312, there is a roundabout. The first left turn on this roundabout is an on-ramp for the A316. There is a bus stop and a pedestrian crossing here, and traffic is going uphill, and so is quite slow. One user waited here for about 30 minutes with a sign saying \"M3\".", "The Cambridge Road you want was off Boundary road. It was an early built up road in that area (built up by the 1870s), but the houses were demolished (or bombed, I don't know which) and in the 1960s, a tower block was built there, and the name Cambridge road disappeared. The tower block was in turn demolished in the 1980s/90s (?) and now there are small houses there. There is a Saxon Close at about the place Cambridge road used to be.", "Manningham Lane, part of the A650, stretches from Hamm Strasse to Lister Park (also known as Manningham Park) where it becomes Keighley Road. It is a busy road in terms of both traffic and commerce, lined with shops and businesses for practically its entire length.", "There are three old roads out of the Market Place: Saddler Street heads south-east, towards Elvet Bridge , The Bailey and Prebends Bridge . Elvet Bridge leads to the Elvet area of the city, Durham Prison and the South; Prebends Bridge is smaller and provides access from The Bailey to South Durham. Heading west, Silver Street leads out of the Market Place towards Framwellgate Bridge and North Road, the other main shopping area of the city. From here, the city spreads out into the Framwelgate , Crossgate , Neville's Cross and viaduct districts, the other main shopping area of the city. Beyond the viaduct lie the outlying districts of Framwellgate Moor and Neville's Cross . Heading north from the Market Place leads to Claypath . The road curves back round to the east and beyond it lie Gilesgate , Gilesgate Moor and Dragonville .", "Manningham Lane, part of the A650 , stretches from Hamm Strasse to Lister Park where it becomes Keighley Road. It is a busy road in terms of both traffic and commerce: it is lined with shops and businesses for practically its entire length." ]

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[ "Bujumbura International Airport is an airport in Bujumbura, the capital of Burundi. It is Burundi's only international airport and the only one with a paved runway. ", "This page provides all the information you need to know about Bujumbura International Airport, Burundi. This page is created with the aim of helping travelers and tourists visiting Burundi or traveling to Bujumbura Airport.", "Looking for information on Bujumbura International Airport, Bujumbura, Burundi? Know about Bujumbura International Airport in detail. Find out the location of Bujumbura International Airport on Burundi map and also find out airports near to Bujumbura. This airport locator is a very useful tool for travelers to know where is Bujumbura International Airport located and also provide information like hotels near Bujumbura International Airport, airlines operating to Bujumbura International Airport etc... IATA Code and ICAO Code of all airports in Burundi. Scroll down to know more about Bujumbura International Airport or Bujumbura Airport, Burundi.", "*On 4 Dec 2000, flight from Brussels to Bujumbura, Burundi to Nairobi, Kenya was struck by machine gun fire as it approached Bujumbura, injuring a passenger and crew member. The Airbus A330, carrying 170 passengers and crew, was struck in an attack blamed by the government on Hutu rebels, who denied responsibility. The plane, which was due to fly on to Nairobi and return to Brussels, landed safely but did not continue the flight. ", "Burundi (pronounced [buˈɾundi] ), officially the Republic of Burundi, is a small landlocked country in the Great Lakes region of Eastern Africa bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. Its size is just under 28,000 km² with an estimated population of almost 8,700,000. Its capital is Bujumbura . Although the country is landlocked , much of the southwestern border is adjacent to Lake Tanganyika .", "Travel outside the capital, Bujumbura, presents significant risks, especially after nightfall.  Note the U.S. embassy limits and monitors the travel of its personnel in Burundi.  All movement by embassy employees outside the city from 6:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. is prohibited.  Likewise, U.S. citizens should not travel on national highways from dusk to dawn.  Armed criminals ambush vehicles, particularly on the roads leading out of Bujumbura.  Keep vehicle doors locked and windows up when stopped in heavy traffic.", "The plane flying from Nairobi to Bujumbura, the capital of Burundi, was very small and had no spare seats so stretch legs so I decided to kill time [by] chatting to him,\" wrote Mekki Elmograbi in Saturday's edition of the privately owned al-Sudani newspaper.", "Burundi has the University of Burundi. There are museums in the cities, such as the Burundi Geological Museum in Bujumbura and the Burundi National Museum and the Burundi Museum of Life in Gitega.", "On 17 April 2008, the FLN bombarded Bujumbura. The Burundian army fought back and the FLN suffered heavy losses. A new ceasefire was signed on 26 May 2008. In August 2008, President Nkurunziza met with the FLN leader Agathon Rwasa, with the mediation of Charles Nqakula, South Africa’s Minister for Safety and Security. This was the first direct meeting since June 2007. Both agreed to meet twice a week to establish a commission to resolve any disputes that might arise during the peace negotiations. ", "The Capital City of Burundi (officially named Republic of Burundi) is the city of Bujumbura. The population of Bujumbura in the year 1994 was 300,000.", "capital of Burundi - the capital and largest city of Burundi; \"Usumbura was renamed Bujumbura when Burundi became independent in 1962\"", "U.S. Embassy Bujumbura requests U.S. citizens who plan to use this option to depart Burundi to contact us at  BurundiEmergencyUSC@state.gov  to confirm your plans and obtain additional flight information, even if you already contacted us to express your interest.", "Uganda, officially the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked country in East Africa. Uganda is bordered on the east by Kenya, on the north by South Sudan, on the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, on the southwest by Rwanda, and on the south by Tanzania. The southern part of the country includes a substantial portion of Lake Victoria, also being shared by Kenya and Tanzania.", "      Air transport is well suited to Africa's geographic vastness, and it has become the primary means of international and sometimes of national travel in Africa. During the late 1940s and the '50s, as great advances were made in the extension and improvement of rail and road services, a new transport factor emerged in the introduction of internal and international scheduled air services. The rapid development of air transport increased the movement of goods and people and began to open up the hitherto largely closed interior of the continent. Transport became much quicker and usually cheaper. Since then, internal air services have steadily increased, and intercontinental air transport, especially of passengers, has developed greatly. The largest international airports are at Casablanca, Mor.; Las Palmas, Canary Islands; Cairo; Dakar, Senegal; Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; Lagos, Nigeria; Douala, Cameroon; Addis Ababa, Eth.; Nairobi, Kenya; and Johannesburg, S.Af.", "UPDF soldiers man Juba International Airport. Uganda and Burundi led the rest of East Africa in military spending last year allocating 2.2 and 2.3 per cent of GDP respectively to defence. Photo/Courtesy  ", "Bole International Airport ( IATA : ADD), the busiest airport in East Africa and the hub of Ethiopian Airlines , is serviced by several international airlines with daily flights to Europe, the United States, Asia, and many African cities including Accra , Bamako , Brazzaville , Cairo , Dakar , Dar es Salaam , Djibouti , Khartoum , Harare , Johannesburg , Nairobi . There are two terminals. T1 (the older, smaller one) is for all domestic flights and most flights to neighbouring nations (but not Kenya). T2 (the newer 2003 building) is for all other international flights – arrangements may change so check first.", "Burundi's first democratically elected president was assassinated in October 1993 after only 100 days in office, triggering widespread ethnic violence between Hutu and Tutsi factions. More than 200,000 Burundians perished during the conflict that spanned almost a dozen years. Hundreds of thousands of Burundians were internally displaced or became refugees in neighboring countries. An internationally brokered power-sharing agreement between the Tutsi-dominated government and the Hutu rebels in 2003 paved the way for a transition process that led to an integrated defense force, established a new constitution in 2005, and elected a majority Hutu government in 2005. The new government, led by President Pierre NKURUNZIZA, signed a South African brokered ceasefire with the country's last rebel group in September of 2006 but still faces many challenges.", "In 2015, Burundi’s economy suffered from political turmoil over President NKURUNZIZA’s controversial third term. Blocked transportation routes disrupted the flow of agricultural goods. And donors withdrew aid, increasing Burundi’s budget deficit. When the unrest ends, regional infrastructure improvements driven by the EAC and funded by the World Bank may help improve Burundi’s transport connections and lower transportation costs.", "Internationally, a cease-fire with President Joseph Kabila of DROC signed in 2003 was threatened by alleged evidence of rebel ADF bases in neighboring Ituri province. Additionally, though most Ugandan troops were withdrawn from Congolese territory in early 2003, the Ugandan government was likely to send troops back in if Rwanda were to do the same. Relations with Sudan continued to be unsettled because of unanswered questions following the crash of John Garang's helicopter in July 2005. Garang, former leader of the SPLA, had been a long-time friend of Museveni, but speculation that Uganda was connected to the crash chilled relations with the South Sudan government. For Uganda, this meant that insecurity in the north would likely continue, especially with the rebel group, the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) able to operate from Sudanese territory.", "The Tanzania Government Flight Agency operates a Gulfstream G550 for VIP transports. They are 2 other VIP aircraft a Fokker F-50 and F-28 for internal and regional destinations as well.", "Rwanda lacks a railroad system, although it is linked to the Ugandan- Kenya railroad system by road. Since Rwanda is landlocked, most of its international trade is transported through the Kenyan port of Mombasa . Rwanda has several airports, but the main international airport is in Rwanda's capital, Kigali.", "The nearest international airport to the Serengeti is Kilimanjaro Airport ( IATA : JRO) [1] near Arusha . International airlines flying into JRO from outside Africa include KLM , Qatar, Turkish, with Ethopian and Kenyan also offering services connecting via their home ports.", "Juba Airport (JUB) near the capital is the main gateway to South Sudan, with flights to/from Nairobi , Khartoum , Entebbe , Cairo and Addis Ababa .", "Current time and date at Bujumbura International Airport is 12:38:47 PM (CAT) on Sunday, Dec 18, 2016", "December 3, 1995 - Cameroon Airlines Flight 3701, a 737-200 (registration TJ-CBE) crashed after it lost control and on approach to the Douala International Airport in Douala, Littoral Province, Cameroon. 71 passengers and crew lost their lives, but there were 5 survivors.", "Bujumbura International Airport Code - IATA Code (3 letter airport codes) and ICAO Code (4 letter airport codes)", "*Julius Nyerere International Airport, (renamed from Dar es Salaam International Airport in 2005) the nation's largest and busiest airport", "The city has an international airport, Kigali International Airport, with passenger flights to (among others) Amsterdam, Brussels, Nairobi, Entebbe, Johannesburg, and Istanbul. The airport is somewhat limited by its location on the top of a hill, and a brand new one is being considered in the Nyamata area, some 40 km from Kigali.", "the surrounding areas had to travel long distances to get to Buka Airport for their travel needs. “The resumption of Air Niugini services will greatly help the people of Buin, Panguna, Torokina, Wakunai and others who now have easy access for their air travel needs as they do not have to travel all the way to Buka to get on an aircraft.” He said: “Air Niugini fully supports the National Government initiative to restore and expand services to Aropa.” To commemorate the significance of the reopening, Air Niugini named one of its Dash 8-Q400 aircraft Kieta. Following an inaugural flight into Aropa Airport on December 12, Air Niugini started commercial flights on December 16 and is now operating services every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday. The flights are in the airline’s Dash 8-Q400 aircraft. n", "Higher Education. There is one university, located in Bujumbura, which was opened in 1960. There are two technical colleges in the capital that train people in crafts, mechanics, carpentry, and other skilled labor. Several institutions provide training in teaching and other professions.", "The Juba International Airport is once again operating on weekends.  However, the airport remains closed daily from 3:30 p.m. to 4:30 a.m., and emergency departures by air from Juba for medical or other reasons are not possible during these times. ", "Scheduled and charter flights from Arusha, Lake Manyara and Mwanza. Drive from Arusha, Lake Manyara, Tarangire or Ngorongoro Crater." ]

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[ "On 12 February 1994, the same day as the opening of the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer , two men broke into the National Gallery, Oslo, and stole its version of The Scream, leaving a note reading “Thanks for the poor security”. [20] [21] The painting had been moved down to a second-story gallery [22] as part of the Olympic festivities. [23] After the gallery refused to pay a ransom demand of US$1 million in March 1994, Norwegian police set up a sting operation with assistance from the British police ( SO10 ) and the Getty Museum and the painting was recovered undamaged on 7 May 1994. [22] In January 1996, four men were convicted in connection with the theft, including Pål Enger, who had been convicted of stealing Munch’s Vampire in 1988. [24] They were released on appeal on legal grounds: the British agents involved in the sting operation had entered Norway under false identities. [25]", "On 12th February 1994 The Scream by Edvard Munch, Norway's most famous and iconic painting, was stolen from their National Gallery, the same day as the opening of the Winter Olympics opening ceremony in Lillehammer.", "On May 7, 1994, Norway’s most famous painting, “The Scream” by Edvard Munch, was recovered almost three months after it was stolen from a museum in Oslo. Thefragile painting was recovered undamaged at a hotel in Asgardstrand, about 40 miles south of Oslo, police said.", "It’s a good thing the Norwegian painter Edvard Munch created several iterations of his most famous work, “The Scream,” since two of them have fallen into the hands of art thieves in the last two decades. First, in February 1994, four men broke into the National Art Museum in Oslo and stole its version of the iconic painting, leaving behind a note that read, “Thanks for the poor security.” It was recovered three months later through a sting operation. In August 2004, two masked robbers entered Oslo’s Munch Museum, holding tourists and employees at gunpoint as they tore another version of “The Scream” as well as Munch’s “The Madonna” off the wall. Norwegian police tracked down the paintings, which had both sustained tears and water damage, and apprehended the thieves in 2006.", "The theft of \"The Scream\" was the second time in a decade that a version of Munch's iconic painting was stolen. One of the other versions was taken from Oslo's National Gallery in February 1994, but recovered three months later.", "On 12 February 1994, the same day as the opening of the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, two men broke into the National Gallery, Oslo, and stole its version of The Scream, leaving a note reading \"Thanks for the poor security\". The painting had been moved down to a second-story gallery as part of the Olympic festivities. After the gallery refused to pay a ransom demand of US$1 million in March 1994, Norwegian police set up a sting operation with assistance from the British police (SO10) and the Getty Museum and the painting was recovered undamaged on 7 May 1994. In January 1996, four men were convicted in connection with the theft, including Pål Enger, who had been convicted of stealing Munch's Vampire in 1988. They were released on appeal on legal grounds: the British agents involved in the sting operation had entered Norway under false identities. ", "Second such robberyIt’s the second time in a decade that a version of the painting had been stolen. Another version of “The Scream” was taken from Oslo’s National Gallery in February 1994, but recovered three months later.", "Art Theft Expert Tony Russell of Art Recovery Ltd Available to Comment on Today's Theft of Edvard Munch's ''The Scream'' from Museum in Oslo", "It is the second time in a decade that a version of the painting has been stolen. Another version of the Scream was taken from Oslo's National Gallery in February 1994, but was recovered three months later.", "2004 - A version of The Scream and Madonna, two paintings by Edvard Munch, are stolen at gunpoint from a museum in Oslo, Norway.", "The 1910 tempera on board version of The Scream was stolen on 22 August 2004, during daylight hours, when masked gunmen entered the Munch Museum in Oslo and stole it and Munch’s Madonna . [26] A bystander photographed the robbers as they escaped to their car with the artwork. On 8 April 2005, Norwegian police arrested a suspect in connection with the theft, but the paintings remained missing and it was rumored that they had been burned by the thieves to destroy evidence. [27] [28] On 1 June 2005, with four suspects already in custody in connection with the crime, the city government of Oslo offered a reward of 2 million Norwegian krone (roughly US$313,500 or €231,200) for information that could help locate the paintings. [29] Although the paintings remained missing, six men went on trial in early 2006, variously charged with either helping to plan or participating in the robbery. Three of the men were convicted and sentenced to between four and eight years in prison in May 2006, and two of the convicted, Bjørn Hoen and Petter Tharaldsen, were also ordered to pay compensation of 750 million kroner (roughly US$117.6 million or €86.7 million) to the City of Oslo. [30] The Munch Museum was closed for ten months for a security overhaul. [31]", "The Scream, painted in 1893 by Norwegian artist Edvard Munch, is one of the world’s most iconic works of art (Munch actually created four versions between 1893 and 1910). The haunting image of the skeletal figure clutching its head and wailing before the setting sun is famous for its depiction of despair. And it’s why on the morning of 12 February 1994, it was stolen.", "In August 2004, another version of The Scream was stolen in Oslo along with Munch’s The Madonna, this time from the Munch Museum. Three men were found guilty of charges relating to the theft of these two paintings by a court in Norway in May 2006.", "The August 2004 theft was the second time in a decade that a version of Munch's most famous work had been stolen. In 1994, on the opening day of the Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway, thieves broke into the National Gallery in Oslo and stole another rendering of the work.", "One version of The Scream was stolen from the National Gallery in 1994. In 2004, another version of The Scream, along with one of Madonna, were stolen from the Munch Museum in a daring daylight robbery. All were eventually recovered, but the paintings stolen in the 2004 robbery were extensively damaged. They have been meticulously restored and are on display again. Three Munch works were stolen from the Hotel Refsnes Gods in 2005; they were shortly recovered, although one of the works was damaged during the robbery. [97]", "Frustrated, the thieves agreed to sell the masterpiece to a pair of art dealers for £250,000 that May. The dodgy dealers, however, turned out to be undercover British police officers, and the thieves were arrested. The Scream was found undamaged in the southern seaside town of Aasgaarstrand, and returned to the gallery. Four men were convicted of the theft in January 1996.", "Eleven paintings by Andy Warhol (Andy Warhol) were stolen from the mansion collector Richard Wiseman (Richard Weisman) in Los Angeles. Ten of them are well-known series of images of famous athletes: soccer players Pele (Pele) and Simpson (OJ Simpson), boxer Muhammad Ali (Muhammad Ali), and others had also been kidnapped by a portrait of the owner.", "1990 – In the largest art theft in US history, 12 paintings, collectively worth around $300 million, are stolen from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston, Massachusetts.", "Art thief Patrick Vialaneix says he became so obsessed with a Rembrandt he had to steal it. I can sympathise Art thieves are usually a great disappointment to anyone cherishing romantic fictional... ideas of gentleman burglars or fanatical collectors. Most of the best-known art thefts of recent years are connected with gangland. Paintings from Munch's Scream to Rembrandt's Christ in the Storm on the Sea of Galilee were taken not by art-lovers, but career criminals on the look-out for forms of underworld collateral. Patrick Vialaneix appears to be an exception. This French unemployed technician turned up at a police station earlier this year to confess to the theft of Child with a Soap Bubble, a painting often attributed to Rembrandt, from a museum near Cannes in 1999.", "BBC Radio 5 live - 5 live Daily - 'I was there': Theft of Munch's 'The Scream' in 1994", "In the late twentieth century, The Scream acquired iconic status in popular culture. It was used on the cover of some editions of Arthur Janov's book The Primal Scream. In 1983–1984, pop artist Andy Warhol made a series of silk prints of works by Munch, including Scream. The idea was to desacralize the painting by making it into a mass-reproducible object, though Munch had already begun that process himself, by making a lithograph of the work for reproduction. Furthermore, characteristic of post-modern art is Erró's ironic and irreverent treatment of Munch's masterpiece in his acrylic paintings The Second Scream (1967) and Ding Dong (1979). Cartoonist Gary Larson included a \"tribute\" to The Scream (entitled The Howl) in his \"Wiener Dog Art\" painting and cartoon compilation, in which the central figure is replaced by a howling dachshund.", "The painting was stolen from the Musee Marmottan Monet in 1985 by Philippe Jamin and Youssef Khimoun but recovered in 1990. Since 1991, it has been back on display in the museum.", "The Scream has been the target of a number of thefts and theft attempts. Some damage has been suffered in these thefts. ", "The unlikeliest venue for Dalí's work was the  Rikers Island  jail in New York City; a sketch of the  Crucifixion  he donated to the jail hung in the inmate dining room for 16 years before it was moved to the prison lobby for safekeeping. Ironically, the drawing was stolen from that location in March 2003 and has not been recovered. [ 76 ]", "The Mona Lisa disappeared from the Louvre in France in 1911. Pablo Picasso was on the original list of suspects questioned and jailed for the theft, but he was later exonerated. For two years, the masterpiece was thought to be forever lost. However in 1913, Italian patriot Vincenzo Perugia was arrested for the crime of stealing the famous painting, and the original artwork returned to its home at the Louvre in Paris. Perugia was an employee of the Louvre at the time, and he believed the painting belonged to Italy. For two years he kept the famous piece of art housed in his apartment, but was discovered when he tried selling to a gallery in Florence, Italy.", "The unlikeliest venue for Dalí's work was the Rikers Island jail in New York City; a sketch of the Crucifixion he donated to the jail hung in the inmate dining room for 16 years before it was moved to the prison lobby for safekeeping. Ironically, the drawing was stolen from that location in March 2003 and has not been recovered.", "On the morning of March 18, 1990, thieves disguised as police officers broke into the museum and stole The Storm on the Sea of Galilee and 12 other works. It is considered the biggest art theft in US history and remains unsolved. The museum still displays the paintings' empty frames in their original locations. ", "On 20 December 2011, her 1969 sculpture Two Forms (Divided Circle) was stolen, from its plinth in Dulwich Park , South London , suspicions are that the theft was by scrap metal thieves. The piece, which had been in the park since 1970, was insured for £500,000, a spokesman for Southwark Council said. [45]", "On 20 December 2011, her 1969 sculpture Two Forms (Divided Circle) was stolen, from its plinth in Dulwich Park, South London, suspicions are that the theft was by scrap metal thieves. The piece, which had been in the park since 1970, was insured for £500,000, a spokesman for Southwark Council said.", "1971 An El Greco sketch, \"The Immaculate Conception,\" was recovered in New York City by the FBI. The work had been stolen 35 years earlier.", "Image caption Matisse's Le Jardin was stolen from the Museum of Modern Art in Stockholm in 1987 and recovered in 2012", "Stolen: How the Mona Lisa Became the World’s Most Famous Painting | Arts & Culture | Smithsonian" ]

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[ "Actor Paul Newman (b.1925) died on September 26 after a battle with cancer. Newman's first role was in the television series \"Tales of Tomorrow\" in the episode \"Ice from Space.\" He also appeared in the 1979 film \"Quintet.\" Newman is best known for his non-genre roles, including \"The Hustler,\" \"The Sting,\" \"Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid,\" \"Hud,\" and more. He was nominated for ten Academy Awards and won one for his reprisal of the role of Fast Eddie Felton in \"The Color of Money.\"", "Paul Leonard Newman (January 26, 1925 – September 26, 2008) was an American actor, film director, entrepreneur, professional racing driver and team owner, environmentalist, activist and philanthropist. He won numerous awards, including an Academy Award for his performance in the 1986 film The Color of Money, a BAFTA Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, a Cannes Film Festival Award, an Emmy Award, and many honorary awards. Newman's other films include The Hustler (1961), Cool Hand Luke (1967), Butch Cassidy in Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969), The Sting (1973), and The Verdict (1982).", "He was offered the lead role in The Silver Chalice (1954), but he and his agent thought the script was poor and he passed on it. This became Paul Newman 's film debut, to his great embarrassment. While shooting East of Eden (1955), Dean went over to visit Newman on the set of this film, where he met the love of his short life, Pier Angeli , Newman's co-star.", "Newman began his career on the stage, making his Broadway debut in the 1953 production of William Inge's \"Picnic. \" The following year, Newman made his first appearance on the big screen in \"The Silver Chalice,\" but it was his portrayal of boxer Rocky Graziano in 1956's \"Somebody Up There Likes Me\" that catapulted him to stardom. Over the next decade, the actor starred in two dozen films, including \"The Long, Hot Summer,\" for which he was named Best Actor at the Cannes Film Festival, \"The Left-Handed Gun,\" \"Exodus,\" and \"Sweet Bird of Youth,\" as well as his aforementioned Oscar-nominated roles in \"Cat on a Hot Tin Roof,\" \"The Hustler,\" \"Hud\" and \"Cool Hand Luke. \"", "PAUL NEWMAN (John Rooney), a true screen legend, has been one of the American cinema's most important and most prolific actors for over half a century. In 1987, he won an Academy Award� for Best Actor for his performance as pool shark \"Fast\" Eddie Felson in Martin Scorsese's \"The Color of Money. \" It marked a reprisal of the role he had played 25 years earlier in \"The Hustler,\" which had brought him his second of eight Best Actor Oscar� nominations. He received his first Oscar� nomination in 1959 for his work opposite Elizabeth Taylor in \"Cat on a Hot Tin Roof,\" and has also been Oscar�-nominated for his performances in the films \"Hud,\" \"Cool Hand Luke,\" \"Absence of Malice,\" \"The Verdict\" and \"Nobody's Fool. \"", "by Jeff Shannon You would think that every film Paul Newman ever appeared in would be readily available on home video, right? Guess again. One of the best films from Newman's early career has managed to slip through the cracks of home-video distribution for decades, and unless you're old enough to have seen it in theaters or on TV over the years, it's possible you've never even heard of it. So when I heard that \"The Rack\" (1956) was available on home video for the very first time, I couldn't wait to break the news to Stewart Stern.", "The Sting (1973) was the first encounter I had with it’s two stars, Paul Newman and Robert Redford. Each are as charming as ever, and it is their presence alone that makes the film worth watching. That, and awesome music.", "Newman's first acting job was in Herman Wouk's first comedy, Nature's Way , in which he played a jazz musician who, coincidentally, played saxophone, for which Newman received his very first Broadway review, in which New York critic Richard Watts called him, \" The creme of the Jesters\". This was followed by a featured part in the play Maybe Tuesday, written by Mel Tolkin, Sid Caesar's head writer, and Lucille Kallen, Imogene Coca's head writer. ", "In addition to starring in and directing Harry & Son, Newman directed four feature films starring Woodward. They were Rachel, Rachel (1968), based on Margaret Laurence's A Jest of God, the screen version of the Pulitzer Prize–winning play The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds (1972), the television screen version of the Pulitzer Prize–winning play The Shadow Box (1980), and a screen version of Tennessee Williams' The Glass Menagerie (1987). Twenty-five years after The Hustler, Newman reprised his role of \"Fast Eddie\" Felson in the Martin Scorsese–directed film The Color of Money (1986), for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor.", "In two films, Paul Newman portrayed investigative detective Lew Harper: Jack Smight's Harper (1966), and The Drowning Pool (1975).", "Paul Newman as 'Fast' Eddie Felson in The Hustler (1961) and The Color of Money (1986)*", "Paul Newman won numerous awards, including an Academy Award for his performance in the The Color of Money , a BAFTA Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, a Cannes Film Festival Award, an Emmy Award, and many honorary awards. Despite being colorblind, he won several national championships as a driver in Sports Car Club of America road racing...", "Paul Newman was also nominated during the eighties for Absence of Malice and The Verdict which are two of my favorites with him. Unfortunately in the first he was up against Henry Fonda who had been similarly snubbed for years by the Academy and was dying during the Oscar voting. The second time Ben Kingsley portrayal of the title role in the massive blockbuster Gandhi obscured what I think is Newman's finest performance in The Verdict.", "[In 1974] When I was touring in \"Don Juan in Hell,\" we played a college town near New Orleans. Paul [ Paul Newman ] happened to be there shooting The Drowning Pool (1975), so I went to see him that afternoon. I remember walking down a country road past every kid in town waiting to glimpse Paul Newman. When he saw me he rushed over, threw his arms around me, and kissed me, eliciting a collective swoon from those kids, who were probably wondering, \"Who's that lucky old lady?\" We went off and talked until they called him back to work.", "Paul Newman was nominated as Best Actor for his role as alcoholic, ambulance-chasing, Boston trial lawyer Frank P. Galvin in The Verdict (1982)", "From that point of view, “Cat on a Hot Tin Roof” is Paul Newman’s vehicle from opening to final scene. We first see Newman’s character of Brick intoxicated and poised to reclaim a lost glory from his high school days by jumping high hurdles in an empty athletic field at 3 o’clock in the morning. Against a backdrop of imagined cheers of onlookers long since gone, Brick clears two hurdles before crashing down onto the third one and breaking his ankle.", "Newman's iconic status has never waned over the years. His long list of film credits also includes \"The Life and Times of Judge Roy Bean,\" \"The Towering Inferno,\" \"The Drowning Pool,\" \"Slap Shot,\" \"Fort Apache, The Bronx,\" \"Fat Man and Little Boy,\" \"Blaze,\" \"The Hudsucker Proxy\" and \"Message in a Bottle,\" to name only a portion.", "*Harry & Son, directed by and starring Paul Newman, with Robby Benson, Ellen Barkin, Judith Ivey, Ossie Davis, Joanne Woodward", "The late Paul Newman racked up a total of 10 Academy Award nominations throughout his amazing career. Newman only took home the Oscar in 1986 for his role in \"The Color of Money.\" âXFINITY Entertainment Staff (AP Photo/Julie Jacobson)", "These two movie stars first met in 1953 while performing in the Broadway play Picnic, but it wasnât until they starred in the film The Long Hot Summer that they began a relationship and fell in love. They married on Jan. 29, 1958 in Las Vegas and had three daughters together (Newman already had a son and two daughters with first wife Jacqueline Witte). The happy marriage for this celebrity couple lasted for 50 years, until Newmanâs death in 2008.", "Irwin Allen made a career out of cinematic spectacles, an entertainer at heart who, despite his kitschy subject matter, knew the movie business inside and out. Made in 1974 perhaps in response to the skyscraper battle between the World Trade Centre (1970) and the Sears Tower (1973), Allen’s story is set at the opening of the world's tallest building in San Francisco. Paul Newman plays the building's architect, Doug Roberts, who arrives to attend the lavish party arranged by the builder, Jim Duncan (William Holden). It doesn’t take long before the building engineers discover a fault in the electrical capacity of the wiring. All it takes is a spark from a cut-rate wire barely above safety code to start a fire.", "He made his Broadway theatre debut in the original production of William Inge's Picnic with Kim Stanley in 1953 and appeared in the original Broadway production of The Desperate Hours in 1955. In 1959, he was in the original Broadway production of Sweet Bird of Youth with Geraldine Page and three years later starred with Page in the film version. During this time Newman started acting in television. His first credited role was in a 1952 episode of Tales of Tomorrow entitled \"Ice from Space\". In the mid-1950s, he appeared twice on CBS's Appointment with Adventure anthology series.", "NEWMAN’S OWN $400: 1969 film in which Paul Newman tells Robert Redford, “Boy, I got vision, and the rest of the world wears bifocals”", "[1972 comment on Paul Newman ] Paul is the most generous man with whom I've ever worked. We had a fantastic rapport shooting [ Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969)]. It was one of the happiest experiences of my life.", "[on Paul Newman's performance in The Verdict (1982)] That was the first time I was very aware of good acting.", "Newman was eventually cast for the role of Cassidy. Marlon Brando was seriously considered to team with Newman for one of the roles. He turned it down due to his commitment to Burn. He also felt that it was too similar to his role in One-Eyed Jacks (1961).", "Paul Newman would have been a much more important star if he hadn't always tried to be an anti-hero, to show the human feet of clay.", "Was named the #1 Box Office Star by Quigley Publications in its annual Top Ten Money Making Stars poll of movie exhibitors two years in a row, 1969 and 1970. Newman had been #2 in 1968 and #3 in '67 and would rank #3 in both 1971 and 1974. Newman, who entered the list for the first time in 1963 at #9 and the last time in 1986 at #10, has made the list 17 times.", "Director Richard C. Sarafian's original choice for the role of Kowalski was Gene Hackman but the studio, 20th Century Fox, insisted on using Newman. The film was not initially a success in the United States when it first opened in 1971 but received critical acclaim and was a commercial success in Europe.", "The name of that great movie that was written by the same guy who wrote M*A*S*H about a doctor and his patients in a psychiatric ward was titled CAPTAIN NEWMAN,M.D. that was released by Universal Pictures in 1963. This movie had a brilliant cast that included not only Gregory Peck and Tony Curtis,but also on board this drama is Bobby Darin and Angie Dickinson. The movie dealt with Captain Newman(Gregory Peck),and his patients in the psychiatric ward that were going through the effects of PTSD after WWII. The screenplay was written by Ring Lardner,Jr.  This movie is available on DVD from MCA/Universal Home Video and it is seen from time to time on Turner Classic Movies.", "On \"the big screen\" Jerry has been featured in such films as \"Radio Days\", \"The Chosen\", \"One Crazy Summer\", \"The Sicks O'Clock News\", \"Almost An Angel\", \"Tax Season\", \"Sunset Strip\" and \"Paulie\". He portrayed \"Merton the Farmer\" in the film, \"Torque\" produced by the same production team that brought us \"Fast and Furious\" and \"XXX\". Jerry was recently in production for the films \"The Red Cape\" and \"Bolden\" to be released in 2016.", "While he played similar system-bucking, troubled young men as such near contemporaries as Marlon Brando and James Dean , Newman's characters were often more humorous, introspective and self-assured. Newman's character's conflicts were often ironic and (intentionally) borderline-absurd." ]

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[ "The early 1960s exuded bigness and tidiness. Bigness of outlook, of ambition, of Impala tail fins, of turbine beehives atop ladies’ heads. Tidiness of sensibility and appearance: the decade hadn’t yet gone all pubic and patchouli-scented, and a hat-wearing populace still thronged the city streets. The Brill Building sound, as heard in such songs as “On Broadway,” “Up on the Roof,” “Be My Baby,” and “This Magic Moment,” was the sound of bigness and tidiness, of exuberance underpinned by professionalism—the fulcrum between the shiny craftsmanship of Tin Pan Alley and the primal energy of 60s soul and rock. It represented the last great era of assembly-line-manufactured pop—before the success of the Beatles and Bob Dylan lent a stigma to not writing your own material, and before prefab pop’s current comeback as joyless song-product written and produced by reclusive Swedes for Orlando-farmed hunks and totsies.", "By Barclay James Harvest . Song takes a nostalgic look at the hippie era of the 1960�s. Many references to people and places of the era. �My Little Red Book, Day Tripper, UFO Club, Pink Floyd, Soft Machine. Talk about a heavy scene. I�m a psychedelic child�Talk about love and the power of rock and roll��", "part Two 12 Act Naturally: The Beatles 13 Needles and Pins: The Beat Boom 14 Who’s Driving Your Plane? The Rolling Stones 15 This Is My Prayer: The Birth of Soul 16 The Rake’s Progress: Bob Dylan 17 America Strikes Back: The Byrds and Folk Rock 18 Up the Ladder to the Roof: Tamla Motown 19 1966: The London Look 20 Endless Summer: The Beach Boys 21 The Golden Road: San Francisco and Psychedelia 22 Pop Gets Sophisticated: Soft Rock 23 Crying in the Streets: Deep Soul 24 I Can’t Sing, I Ain’t Pretty and My Legs Are Thin: Hard Rock 25 Bubblegum Is the Naked Truth: The Monkees", "Artists include: Buffalo Springfield (4/8/67): \"For What Its Worth,\" \"Mr. Soul.\" The Cyrkle (4/22/67): \"Turn Down Day.\" The Association (9/5/67): \"Never My Love.\" Ravi Shankar (9/5/67): \"Evening Raga.\" Annette Funicello (9/12/67): \"Promise Me Anything.\" Spanky & Our Gang (9/19/67): \"Makin Every Minute Count.\" The Grass Roots (12/5/67): \"Lets Live For Today.\" Boyce & Hart (12/12/67): \"I Wanna Be Free,\" The Last Train to Clarksville,\" \"I Wonder What Shes Doing Tonight.\" Dino, Desi & Billy (2/10/68): \"My What a Shame.\" Merry Go Round (3/16/68): \"Live,\" \"Listen, Listen.\" The Hollies (3/23/68): \"Jennifer Eccles.\" The Beatles (3/30/68): \"Lady Madonna\" promo film. Every Mothers Son (4/20/68): \"Put Your Mind at Ease.\" Janis Joplin & Big Brother and the Holding Company (10/26/68): \"Summertime,\" \"I Need a Man to Love.\" Spanky & Our Gang (11/2/68): \"Give a Damn,\" \"Yesterdays Rain.\" Aretha Franklin (11/2/68): \"I Say a Little Prayer.\" Donovan (11/9/68): \"Jennifer Juniper,\" \"Lalena.\" Donovan with Sergio Mendes (11/9/68): \"There is a Mountain.\" The Bee Gees (11/23/68): \"Massachusetts,\" \"Ive Gotta Get a Message to You.\" Marvin Gaye (1/11/69): \"I Heard it Through the Grapevine.\" Sweetwater (10/11/69): \"Motherless Child.\" The Youngbloods (11/22/69): \"Get Together,\" \"Sunlight.\" The Brooklyn Bridge (1/17/70): \"Hes Not a Happy Man.\"", "Recently on a ham radio net I host, a discussion developed around a 1960s band that, I must confess, I had forgotten about and had not heard their music on the 'oldies' airwaves in decades-- The Five Americans. The group from Dallas, Texas, had four Top 40 hits in 1966-1967, most notably \"Western Union\" that charted all the way to #5 on the Billboard Hot 100 Chart in March 1967. One of the net members asked me when I mentioned the name of this major hit if this was the song where the group sings the refrain in \"Morse code\"-like harmony, to which I replied, \"Yes, it certainly is\"! Singing in \"Morse code\"-like fashion, I must assume, was perhaps used to identify/reference the days when Western Union telegrams were indeed sent in Morse code via telegraph.", "However, from these early sessions emerged \" Brown Eyed Girl \". Captured on the 22nd take on the first day, [59 ] this song was released as a single in mid-June 1967, [60 ] reaching number ten in the US charts in 1967. \"Brown Eyed Girl\" became Morrison's most played song and over the years it has remained a classic; forty years later in 2007, it was the fourth most requested song of  DJs  in the US. [61 ]", "The prolific songwriting partnership formed by the composer Burt Bacharach and the lyricist Hal David soundtracked the Sixties as much as Lennon and McCartney or Holland-Dozier-Holland. The run of hits they penned, most famously for Dionne Warwick, the backing vocalist and session singer they plucked from obscurity, included her signature tunes \"Walk On By\", \"You'll Never Get To Heaven (If You Break My Heart)\" and \"Do You Know The Way To San Jose\", as well as several songs she originated but other female artists rerecorded to even greater success.", "In the 1960s, rock mirrored the social and political tensions of the Vietnam War era. The spirit-possessed performances of Otis Redding (crossover gospel singer) to the hyperkinetic screams of James Brown (\"Say it Loud—I'm Black and I'm Proud,\" 1968) asserted black pride, gave expression to the Civil Rights Movement, and stunned white audiences. Motown artists also employed the African American tradition of \"masking\" messages within their songs. Marvin Gaye and Kim Weston's hit, \"It Takes Two\" (1967), for example, was a love song as well as a masked call for desegregation. The lyrics of other rock songs turned toward rebellion, social protest, sex, and drugs. Groups, such as the Jimi Hendrix Experience, approximated in music the aural experience of psychedelic drugs, creating a genre known as \"acid rock,\" featuring long, repetitive songs with surreal lyrics. During the later 1960s, rock festivals became a fixture of American popular culture and a site of important protest activity. The most famous of these was Woodstock (1969), held in rural New York.", "Herman's Hermits: \"Show Me Girl\" [Columbia DB 7408, charts, UK #19]   BBC-1.Top of the Pops [episode 48]:  Petula Clark (\"Downtown\"); Val Doonican (\"Walk Tall\"); The Pretty Things (\"Don't Bring Me Down\"). Videos: Gene Pitney (\"I'm Gonna Be Strong\"); The Kinks (\"All Day and All of the Night\"); The Rockin' Berries (\"He's in Town\"); Wayne Fontana and the Mindbenders (\"Um Um Um Um Um\").   Britain: Income tax raised; welfare benefits broadened 20 Rediffusion ITV. Ready Steady Go! [episode 69]: The Rolling Stones (\"Off the Hook,\" interview with Brian & Mick, \"Little Red Rooster\" & \"Around and Around\"); Jerry Lee Lewis (with the Plebs) ( \"High Heel Sneakers\" & \"Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On\"); Marvin Gaye (\"How Sweet It Is\" & \"Can I Get a Witness\"); Them (\"Baby, Please Don't Go\"); The Zephyrs (\"What Am I Gonna Do\"); Kenny Lynch (\"On My Own Two Feet\"); Simon Scott (\"My Baby's Got Soul\"); Samantha Jones 21 Melody Maker: Jennings Musical Instruments, Ltd. (Vox) announce sales of $1,500,000 in the US.   ABC. Thank Your Lucky Stars: Brian Matthew (host) with The Beatles, Freddie & The Dreamers, The Karl Denver Trio, Françoise Hardy, Janice Nichols, and Tommy Quickly. 23 BBC-2. The Beat Room: Marvin Gaye, The Poets   The Beatles: \"I Feel Fine\" / \"She's a Woman\" [US release, US#1/12/64] 24 London: The Who begin an extended residence on Tuesday nights at the Marquee", "Through the mid-1960s, he enjoyed considerable success as a recording artist on both sides of the Atlantic. As a performer, he charted 16 Top 40 hit singles in the U.S., four of which reached the Top Ten. In the UK, the figures were even more impressive: 22 top 40 hits, and 11 Top Tens. As a songwriter, he also penned the big early 1960s hits \"He's A Rebel\" by The Crystals, and \"Hello Mary Lou\" by Rick Nelson.", "By David Crosby . A political and social activism song about disillusionment , frustration and loss of innocence. Song was written as a response or in reaction to the series of assassinations during the tumultuous 1960's in particular that of Robert Kennedy \"...Hear, you must hear what the people say. You know there's something that's goin on around here... Speak out, you got to speak out against the madness, you got to speak your mind, if you dare. But don't no don't now try to get yourself elected. If you do you had better cut your hair...\"", "The South African-born British musician Manfred Mann released an instrumental track entitled \"Konekuf\" (\"Fuk Enok\" backwards) in the 1970s, indicating his opinion of Powell. John Cale 's \" Graham Greene \" also mentions Powell, although the context is more obscure, and in 1970 ska and reggae singer Millie sang \"Enoch Power\" against Powell. The song began with the German national anthem . The Beatles ' song \" Get Back \" was originally conceived as a critical and satirical commentary of Powell's \"Rivers of Blood\" speech. Earlier versions of the song, titled \"Commonwealth\" and \"No Pakistanis,\" the latter of which very closely resembles the finished product, are circulated with bootlegs of the Let It Be sessions. The Beatles ultimately decided against releasing the song in this earlier form, fearing that the ironic intent might go over some people's heads and that the song might lead listeners to mistakenly believe that the group were actually endorsing Powell's views rather than criticising them.[ citation needed ]", "* 1966 Lee Hazlewood, the songwriter's own version, a humorous take on Sinatra's original recording sessions (\"this is the part of the song where Billy Strange raised his hand and asked if he could please leave the room\", \"this is the part of the record where the engineer Eddy Brackett said if we don't fade this thing out, we're all gonna be arrested...\") and the song's worldwide success (\"and this is the part of the record where everybody said, 'Aw, that can't be no.1...!'\", \"You'll put on yer boots an' I'll put on mine, we'll sell a million ol' records any ol' time, yeah!\")", "Today in history in 1960's: March 11: Born: Mike Hugg, Manfred Mann (1940) Mark Stein , Vanilla Fudge (1947) Events: Otis Redding posthumously receives gold record for \"(Sittin' On) the Dock of the Bay\" (1968) Vince Edwards actor ( Ben Casey ), dies of cancer at 67 (1996) March 12: Born: Barbara Feldon Pittsburgh PA, actress (Agent 99-Get Smart) (1939) Al Jarreau (1940) Paul Kantner , Jefferson Starship (1942) James Taylor , singer (1948) Jon Provost actor (Timmy-Lassie) (1950) Events: \"Runaway,\" Del Shannon 's first hit, makes the charts. (1961) \" Good Lovin \" by The Rascals charts. (1966) Paul Mccartney and Linda Eastman wed. (1969) The 60s had its own special places to enjoy our high calorie, high fat meals. They became part of our daily routine especially during the summer. We cruised to these places as part of our weekly or nightly cruisin' activities. These meals were high in fat and calories and we didn't have the obesity problem that we see today. People weren't on diet programs like The Medifast Plan ...", "Ellis also had a hit song in the mid 1960s \"The Clapping Game, That song was based on two children's handclap rhymes {\"3 6 9 the goose drank wine\" and \"my mother told me if I was goody\"}. But, for whatever reason, I don't remember this song at all. However, I definitely remember Shirley Ellis' other big hit-\"The Nitty Gritty\" {1964}, though that's not a novelty song.", "66. “You Really Got A Hold On Me” – The Beatles. Originally performed by The Miracles.", "In 1961 the Temperance Seven achieved national fame with the #1 hit \"You're Driving Me Crazy\", arranged by Frank Skinner and produced by George Martin. It was quickly followed by \"Pasadena\", which reached No. 4 in the UK Singles Chart. They toured the UK widely that year, and their performances acquired a set routine beginning with the last few bars of \"Pasadena\" (which became their signature tune) and ending with the stirring strains of the \"Gaumont-British News\". By the summer of 1961 their fame was such that they appeared at the London Palladium.", "In the US, their recordings were released by the small New York City record label Laurie in 1963, with whom they issued four singles during 1963 without success (as listed below). When the Beatles broke through in January 1964, Laurie's next regular single release of \"Don't Let the Sun Catch You Crying became a big hit and during 1964 Laurie coupled \"How Do You Do It?\" with \"You'll Never Walk Alone\" (Laurie 3261) and \"I Like It\" with \"Jambalaya (On the Bayou)\" (Laurie 3271) with some success.", "Sinatra was signed to her father's label, Reprise Records, in 1961. Her first single, \"Cuff Links and a Tie Clip\", went largely unnoticed. However, subsequent singles charted in Europe and Japan. Without a hit in the US by 1965, she was on the verge of being dropped. Her singing career received a boost with the help of songwriter/producer/arranger Lee Hazlewood, who had been making records for ten years, notably with Duane Eddy. Hazlewood became Sinatra's inspiration. He had her sing in a lower key and crafted songs for her. Bolstered by an image overhaul — including bleached-blonde hair, frosted lips, heavy eye make-up and Carnaby Street fashions — Sinatra made her mark on the American (and British) music scene in early 1966 with \"These Boots Are Made for Walkin''\", its title inspired by a line in Robert Aldrich's 1963 western comedy 4 for Texas starring her father and Dean Martin. One of her many hits written by Hazlewood, it received three Grammy Award nominations, including two for Sinatra and one for arranger Billy Strange. It sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc. She appeared on TV in high boots, and with colorfully dressed go-go dancers, a craze during the late Sixties, and created a popular and enduring image of the Swinging Sixties.", "MITCH MILLER NEARLY SANK Sinatra with silly, quickly-dated novelty numbers at Columbia, and Frank responded by digging his heels in and focusing on the kind of classics that held the fort against the apparently threatening depredations posed by rock 'n roll during the Capitol years. Frank could afford to ignore the generation gap during the Fifties because, at least until Reprise, he had the numbers. With the Sixties, things changed and Frank responded in two, unfortunate, ways. His voice, which had become slightly less supple but deeper and richer in the fifties, took on an ugly blare, a stridency that seemed to hint at arrogance and intransigence, all the more ironic since it was in the face of outright hostility from a generation that had no time for him or his audience that Frank -- totally in control of his career as he had never been before -- made concessions for the sake of fashion.", "       Note to wise-asses: this came out in the '60's but was also a hit in the '70's", "In 1964, Armstrong knocked The Beatles off the top of the Billboard Hot 100 chart with \" Hello, Dolly! \", which gave the 63-year-old performer a U.S. record as the oldest artist to have a number one song. His 1964 song \"Bout Time\" was later featured in the film Bewitched .", "In 1964, Armstrong knocked The Beatles off the top of the Billboard Hot 100 chart with \"Hello, Dolly!\", which gave the 63-year-old performer a U.S. record as the oldest artist to have a number one song. His 1964 song \"Bout Time\" was later featured in the film Bewitched.", "The Twist dance would come to be seen as emblematic of the early 1960s in later years, with popular songs,", "the early 1960s. It begins by arresting the listener with the call of the drums, after which", "I reuploaded this song from my old youtube account to this one. Hope you enjoy. I could'nt find an album version of this song on youtube so here it is. Subscribe and check out my channel for other videos including top 10 lists from the 60s and 70s.", "by • Artists - C , Music - 1950s , Music - 1960s • Tags: Soul music", "In fact, the 1960s has a lot to answer for when it comes to experimental music and flower child names.", "\"In the 1960s, you didn't have the 24-hour news cycle, saturation of personality journalism that you have today. So what appealed to people was the fact that the songs were so extraordinary. Her singing was so great. Everything about her was so refreshing and country,\" he said.", "broadcast the message of the singer which by the late 1960s and the 1970s was consonant", "The production is actually a very good sixties production. One of the best psychadelic productions from that time.", "I was born in the sixties, sop i knew sixties music later. anyway I think it was the great age of music not only in UK, but in America. Very good bands that I enjoy listening almost everyday. People who lived that period are lucky!!" ]

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[ "The city is home to the University of Wisconsin–Madison, Edgewood College, Madison Area Technical College, and Madison Media Institute, giving the city a post-secondary student population of nearly 50,000. The University of Wisconsin accounts for the vast majority of students, with an enrollment of roughly 41,000, of whom 30,750 are undergraduates. In a Forbes magazine city ranking from 2003, Madison had the highest number of Ph.D.s per capita, and third highest college graduates per capita, among cities in the United States. ", "Founded in 1848, the University of Wisconsin, Madison is the flagship institution of the University of Wisconsin system. The school is consistently one of the highest ranking public schools in the nation that draws top high school students far past state lines. Last year an out-of-state enrollment cap of 27.5% was lifted, but the school continues to guarantee the enrollment of at least 3,500 Wisconsin high school graduates each year. Students can choose 232 undergraduate majors and certificates within the university’s eight undergraduate schools and colleges. The most common majors are biological and biomedical sciences, social sciences, engineering and business. Approximately 13% of the undergraduates are members of the more than 55 fraternities or sororities. There are also more than 900 student organizations, such as Wildlife Disease association, Women in Business, American Society of Civil Engineers and others. Campus traditions include the Cane Toss, when graduating law students march down the football field and throw white canes over the crossbar of the goal post. If students catch their canes on the other side, they will supposedly win their first case. The Wisconsin Badgers compete in the NCAA Division I Big 10 Conference. More »", "Wisconsin, United States.Founded when Wisconsinachieved statehood in 1848, UW–Madison isthe official state university of Wisconsin, and the flagship campus oftheUniversity of Wisconsin System. It was the first university established inWisconsin and remains the oldest and largest university in the state. It becamea land-grant institution in 1866.[4] The 933-acre(378 ha) main campus includes fourNational Historic Landmarks.[5]ACER Aspire 5742Laptop Keyboard", "Today, public post-secondary education in Wisconsin includes both the 26-campus University of Wisconsin System, with the flagship university University of Wisconsin–Madison, and the 16-campus Wisconsin Technical College System. Private colleges and universities include Alverno College, Beloit College, Cardinal Stritch University, Carroll University, Carthage College, Concordia University Wisconsin, Edgewood College, Lakeland College, Lawrence University, Marquette University, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee School of Engineering, Ripon College, St. Norbert College, Wisconsin Lutheran College, and others.", "CUT UW–Madison is organized into20 schools which enrolled 29,153 undergraduate, 8,710 graduate, and 2,570professional students and granted 6,040 bachelor's, 3,328 graduate andprofessional degrees in 2008.[6] The university employs 2,054faculty members. Its comprehensive academic program offers 135 undergraduatemajors, along with 151 master's degree programs and107 doctoral programs.[7]FUJITSU Lifebook T4215Laptop Keyboard", "The University of Wisconsin–Madison, the flagship campus of the University of Wisconsin System, is a large, four-year research university comprising twenty associated colleges and schools. In addition to undergraduate and graduate divisions in agriculture and life sciences, business, education, engineering, human ecology, journalism and mass communication, letters and science, music, nursing, pharmacy, and social welfare, the university also maintains graduate and professional schools in environmental studies, law, library and information studies, medicine and public health (School of Medicine and Public Health), public affairs, and veterinary medicine.", "TheUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison is considered a Public Ivy, or a publicinstitution that offers an education comparable to those of the IvyLeague.[12]", "The Wisconsin Badgers are the athletic teams representing the University of Wisconsin–Madison (University of Wisconsin). They compete as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I level (Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) sub-level), primarily competing in the Big Ten Conference for all sports since the 1896-97 season. Men's sports include basketball, cross country, football, golf, ice hockey, rowing, soccer, swimming & diving, tennis, track & field and wrestling; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, golf, ice hockey, rowing, lightweight rowing, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis, track & field and volleyball. The women's ice hockey team competes in the Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA), while the men's and lightweight women's crew team compete in the Eastern Association of Rowing Colleges (EARC). ", "The University of Wisconsin-Madison was founded in 1848. Since then, the highly regarded public school has built up a reputation of academic excellence and been described as one of America’s “public Ivies.” Wisconsin-Madison graduate and two-time Nobel winning physicist John Bardeen (1956, 1972) is seen as one of the most influential Americans of the 20th century. Nobel-winning Wisconsin-Madison students also include 2011 Peace Prize winner and president of Liberia Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, writer Saul Bellow (1976), Chemistry winner Alan G. MacDiarmid (2000) and biologist Günter Blobel (1999). Nobel-winning staff members include geneticist Howard M. Temin, who received the honor in 1975, molecular biologist Joshua Lederberg (1958) and biochemist Har Gobind Khorana (1968).", "Enrollment on the WSU Pullman campus in the fall of 1998 reaches 17,912. System-wide WSU registration totaled 20,998. The 2,877 new freshmen comprised the largest incoming class since 2,970 enrolled in 1980.", " In 2007, the Chronicleof Higher Education reported that 57 disciplines at the UW–Madison werein the top 10 in the U.S. in scholarly productivity, which placed it secondafter UC-Berkeley in the number of top ten programs.[46] The UWplaced 30th among national universities in Washington Monthly's2009 rankings, SONY VAIO VGN-AR770Laptop Keyboard", "Madison's reputation as a sports city exists largely because of the University of Wisconsin. In 2004 Sports Illustrated on Campus named Madison the #1 college sports town in the nation. Scott Van Pelt also proclaimed Madison the best college sports town in America. ", "The Wisconsin School for the Blind and Visually Impaired [32] has been located in Janesville since 1850. A two-year community college, the University of Wisconsin–Rock County , located on the southwest side of Janesville, is part of the University of Wisconsin System . A two-year technical college, Blackhawk Technical College , is located midway between Janesville and Beloit; Blackhawk also offers degree programs through Upper Iowa University .", "The University of Wisconsin is a participant in the Big Ten Academic Alliance. The Big Ten Academic Alliance (BTAA) is the academic consortium of the universities in the Big Ten Conference. Engaging in $10 billion in research in 2014-2015, BTAA universities provide powerful insight into important issues in medicine, technology, agriculture, and communities. Students at participating schools are also allowed \"in-house\" borrowing privileges at other schools' libraries. The BTAA uses collective purchasing and licensing, and has saved member institutions $19 million to date. Course sharing, professional development programs, study abroad and international collaborations, and other initiatives are also part of the BTAA.", "The University of Wisconsin–Madison has two student unions. The older, Memorial Union, was built in 1928 to honor American World War I veterans. Also known as the Union or the Terrace, it has gained a reputation as one of the most beautiful student centers on a university campus. Located on the shore of Lake Mendota, it is a popular spot for socializing among both students and the public, who enjoy gazing at the lake and its sailboats. The union is known for the Rathskeller, a German pub adjacent to the lake terrace. Political debates and backgammon and sheepshead games over a beer on the terrace are common among students. The Rathskeller serves \"Rathskeller Ale\", a beer brewed expressly for the Terrace. Memorial Union was the first union at a public university to serve beer. ", "Lumina began reporting the attainment rate (associate degree and higher) in 2008. That year, the rate in Wisconsin stood at 38 percent. In 2014, the most recent year for which data are available, the rate reached 42.1 percent.", "From University of Wisconsin: Jessie Gerry, of Merrimac, Wis.; Jessie Jordan, of Urbana, Ohio; Alexis Nelson, of Madison, Wis.; and Kris Yoo, of Schaumburg, Ill. ", "UW students include 136 Fulbright Scholars, 35 Rhodes Scholars, 7 Marshall Scholars and 4 Gates Cambridge Scholars. As of the 2011–12 autumn term, the university had 42,428 students, making it the largest university (in terms of student population) on the west coast. About 33% of all undergraduates are members of minority groups. ", "UW students include 136 Fulbright Scholars, 35 Rhodes Scholars, 7 Marshall Scholars and 4 Gates Cambridge Scholars. As of the 2011–12 autumn term, the university had 42,428 students, making it the largest university (in terms of student population) on the west coast. About 33% of all undergraduates are members of minority groups.", ". UW is also the largest recipient of federal research funding among public universities and second among all public and private universities in the country, a position that the university has held each year since 1974. The university is an elected member of the Association of American Universities .", "The University of Wisconsin has been involved in disputes with a number of high schools, including Westside High School in Omaha, Nebraska, and schools in Iowa, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Texas, and West Virginia, as well as with D-II Washburn University in Topeka, Kansas. The issue involved the use of the Badger's athletic logo, the \"motion W\". As a result of the litigation, the high schools involved were required to change their logos.", "Wright attended Madison High School, but there is no evidence he ever graduated. He was admitted to the University of Wisconsin–Madison as a special student in 1886. There he joined Phi Delta Theta fraternity, took classes part-time for two semesters, and worked with a professor of civil engineering, Allan D. Conover. ", "Many other schools in the University of Wisconsin system compete in the Wisconsin Intercollegiate Athletic Conference at the Division III level. The conference is one of the most successful in the nation, claiming 107 NCAA national championships in 15 different sports as of March 30, 2015. ", "The Times Higher Education Supplement placed it 50th worldwide, based primarily on surveys administered to students, faculty, and recruiters. Additionally, the professional ranking of world universities from École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, based in part on the number of senior managerial positions occupied by alumni, placed UW–Madison 35th in the world. ", "JL Terrence P. Jeffrey, “Two-Thirds of Wisconsin Public-School 8th Graders Can't Read Proficiently—Despite Highest Per Pupil Spending in the Midwest,\" CNSNews.com, February 22, 20 11. 286", "Wisconsin is a U.S. state located in the north-central United States, in the Midwest and Great Lakes regions. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Michigan to the northeast, and Lake Superior to the north. Wisconsin is the 23rd largest state by total area and the 20th most populous. The state capital is Madison, and its largest city is Milwaukee, which is located on the western shore of Lake Michigan. The state is divided into 72 counties.", "Graduated from University of Wisconsin-Superior with a major in international marketing of fitness and business administration. [1979]", "Wisconsin ranked 20th in population in the US (down from 16th in 1990) with an estimated total of 5,441,196 in 2002, an increase of 1.4% since 2000. Between 1990 and 2000, Wisconsin's population grew from 4,891,769 to 5,363,675, an increase of 9.6%. The population is projected to reach 5.9 million by 2025. The population density in 2000 was 98.8 persons per sq mi.", "10 largest cities (2010 est.): Milwaukee , 594,833; Madison , 233,209; Green Bay , 104,057; Kenosha , 99,218; Racine , 78,860; Appleton , 72,623; Waukesha , 70,718; Oshkosh , 66,083; Eau Claire , 65,883; Janesville, 63,575", "The majority of Wisconsinites live in urban areas, most of them in the heavily urbanized southeastern region. Milwaukee, the largest city in Wisconsin and the 19th largest in the US, had a population of 590,895 in 2002. Other large cities, with their 2002 population estimates, were Madison, 215,211, and Green Bay, 101,515. Racine had 81,855 residents in 2000, and Kenosha had 90,352. The state's largest metropolitan area, Milwaukee-Racine, had an estimated 1,648,199 residents as of 1999.", "The City of Marquette is served by the Marquette Area Public Schools. The district is the largest school district in the Upper Peninsula and Northern Wisconsin, with about 3,100 students and 420 Faculty and Staff.", "The women's basketball team plays at the Kohl Center. The 2006–2007 season resulted with the Badgers recording 23 wins and becoming the WNIT runners-up. Previously, the team had won the WNIT in 2000." ]

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[ ", 1931–2007, Soviet and Russian politician, president of Russia (1991–99). Born in Yekaterinburg (then Sverdlovsk) and educated at the Urals Polytechnic Institute, Yeltsin began his career as a construction worker (1953–68).", "Yeltsin began his career in the construction business (1953-1968). He joined the Communist Party in 1961 and became first secretary of the party in the Sverdlovsk Region in 1976 and a member of the party's central committee in 1981. In 1985, then Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev appointed Yeltsin to head the Communist Party's Moscow branch, and in 1986 made him a non-voting member of the party's ruling Politburo.", "Russian president (1991-9). Born on February 1, 1931, in Bukta, Russia. Boris (Nikolayevich) Yeltsin was the first freely elected president of Russia. Growing up in the rural Sverdlovsk region, he studied at the Urals Polytechnic, and began his career in the construction industry.", "Yeltsin was demoted to a deputy minister for construction but then staged the most remarkable comeback in Soviet history. His popularity with Soviet voters as an advocate of democracy and economic reform had survived his fall, and he took advantage of Gorbachev’s introduction of competitive elections to the U.S.S.R. Congress of People’s Deputies (i.e., the new Soviet parliament) to win a seat in that body in March 1989 with a landslide vote from a Moscow constituency . A year later, on May 29, 1990, the parliament of the Russian S.F.S.R. elected him president of the Russian republic against Gorbachev’s wishes. In his new role, Yeltsin publicly supported the right of Soviet republics to greater autonomy within the Soviet Union , took steps to give the Russian republic more autonomy, and declared himself in favour of a market-oriented economy and a multiparty political system .", "Until he was handpicked in August by then-President Boris Yeltsin to become prime minister, Putin had never been a public figure. He spent 17 years as a mid-level agent in the Soviet KGB's foreign intelligence wing, rising only to the rank of lieutenant colonel. Later, as an aide to a prickly, controversial mayor of St. Petersburg, Russia's second-largest city and Putin's home town, he made a point of staying in the background.", "Boris Yeltsin, Russian born February 1, 1931, was the first freely elected President of Russia. Once Yeltsin took power, he moved to reform the newly capitalist and democratic country, but occasionally used force to quell dissent. After nine years as President, he decided Russia needed new leadership and resigned the position to Vladimir Putin.", "He later became a bodyguard for Boris Yeltsin, the former Russian president, and his prime minister Yegor Gaidar as part of the Federal Protective Service, before setting up his own private security firm in the mid-1990s and making his fortune through his contacts with powerful Russians.", "Although restored to his position, Gorbachev had been destroyed politically. Neither union nor Russian power structures heeded his commands as support had swung over to Yeltsin. Taking advantage of the situation, Yeltsin began taking what remained of the Soviet government, ministry by ministry—including the Kremlin. On 6 November 1991, Yeltsin issued a decree banning all Communist Party activities on Russian soil. In early December 1991, Ukraine voted for independence from the Soviet Union. A week later, on 8 December, Yeltsin met Ukrainian president Leonid Kravchuk and the leader of Belarus, Stanislav Shushkevich, in Belovezhskaya Pushcha. In the Belavezha Accords, the three presidents announced the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the formation of a voluntary Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in its place. ", "Mr. Yeltsin’s accomplishments are all the more remarkable given the odds against him. Bill Keller, who covered the Soviet Union for The New York Times from 1986 to 1991 and is now the newspaper’s executive editor, observed that when “Yeltsin emerged in the mid-1980s as the Communist Party boss of Moscow, a rambunctious, crowd- pleasing reformer, Western officials viewed him as an uninvited guest at the Gorbachev honeymoon.", "Martin Sixsmith: Gudkov's bitterness at the humiliation visited on the KGB is typical of the resentment the Yeltsin/Bakatin reforms engendered. Like thousands of his colleagues, he resigned and moved into the private security business. The rich badly-needed protection in the law and order meltdown of 1990s Russia.", "But that was not enough for Boris Yeltsin: he wanted a popular mandate, and called for elections. He stunned his fellow delegates when he resigned from the Communist Party and still won the popular vote for the presidency on June 12, 1991, getting more than 50 percent of the vote in the first round.", "* In December 1993, Yeltsin announced with great fanfare that he was scrapping the hated KGB. \"The Ministry of Security, the body which conducted political surveillance of people for nearly 75 years, has been abolished as a whole,\" he declared. His decree was widely publicized, and undoubtedly served to further convince many Americans that he was truly committed to the sort of meaningful reforms that could justify further infusions of U.S. foreign aid and other assistance. Less publicized was his action one day earlier in promoting 27 senior Security Ministry officers to the rank of general.", "He arrived as a former student and rubber-duck salesman who had made a killing as the protege of Boris Berezovsky, one of the businessmen who snapped up Russia's state assets at bargain prices as the country plunged into capitalism.", "However, by 1996, at the age of 30, Abramovich had become so rich and politically well-connected that he had become close to President Boris Yeltsin, and had moved into an apartment in the Kremlin at the invitation of the Yeltsin family. In 1999, and now a tycoon, Abramovich was elected governor of Russia's remote, far eastern province of Chukotka, and has since lavished £112m on charity to rebuild the impoverished region. The identikit image being pieced together for us was of a self-made man who was not only powerful and wealthy, but acutely aware of those who had done less well in the tumultuous 1990s, when the Soviet Union fell.", "Boris Yeltsin was best known for his role as the President of Russia, but he also had another unique claim to fame: Moscow’s biggest Elvis Presley fan. According to sources, Yeltsin was a huge fan of Presley and would often listen to his recording of “Are You Lonesome Tonight?” during times of stress, such as in August, 1991, when he prevented a coup by standing on top of a tank. But while Yeltsin loved Presley, he hated staples with an equal amount of passion, as reflected in a memo from a Yeltsin aide demanding that no one use staples on any papers given to their fearless leader, as \"this practice holds up the President’s very decisions.”", "Born in St Petersburg in 1952, Vladimir Putin began his career in the KGB, the Soviet-era secret police. From 1990 he worked in the St Petersburg administration before moving to Moscow in 1996. By August 1999 he was prime minister.", "Yeltsin's personal and health problems received a great deal of attention in the global press. As the years went on, he was often viewed as an increasingly unstable leader, rather than the inspiring figure he was once seen as. The possibility that he might die in office was often discussed. Starting in the last years of his presidential term, Yeltsin's primary residence was the Gorki-9 presidential dacha west of Moscow. He made frequent stays at the nearby government sanatorium in Barvikha.", "Yeltsin was born in Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg) in 1931 and trained at the local Urals Polytechnic Institute.", "Vladimir Putin, in full Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (born October 7, 1952, Leningrad, Russia, U.S.S.R. [now St. Petersburg, Russia]), Russian intelligence officer and politician who served as president (1999–2008, 2012– ) of Russia and also was the country’s prime minister (1999, 2008–12).", "Abramovich started his multibillion-dollar business during his army service. After a brief stint in the Soviet Army, Abramovich married his first wife, Olga. Abramovich first worked as a street-trader and then as a mechanic at a local factory. At the peak of perestroika, Abramovich sold imported rubber ducks from his Moscow apartment. ", "Yet Mr Yeltsin, though he let the agency survive, did not use it as his power base. In fact, the KGB was cut off from the post-Soviet redistribution of assets. Worse still, it was upstaged and outwitted by a tiny group of opportunists, many of them Jews (not a people beloved by the KGB), who became known as the oligarchs. Between them, they grabbed most of the country's natural resources and other privatised assets. KGB officers watched the oligarchs get super-rich while they stayed cash-strapped and sometimes even unpaid.", "At the WEF meeting, seven Russian oligarchs, led by Boris Berezovsky, formed an alliance during private meetings, where they decided to fund Yeltsin’s re-election and work together to “reshape their country’s future.” This alliance (or cartel, as some may refer to it), was the key to Yeltsin’s re-election victory later that year, as they held weekly meetings with Yeltsin’s chief of staff, Anatoly Chubais, the architect of Russia’s privatization program that made them all so rich.", "1989 - The first free elections took place in the Soviet Union. Boris Yeltsin was elected.", "Larger than life during his tenure, Yeltsin shrank from public view following his retirement on New Year's Eve 1999 and in recent years has rarely given interviews. Only after his death was the big, bumptious politician with the soft pink features and wave of white hair seen again in file footage on Russian television.", "Mr Abramovich's big break came in 1992, when Boris Berezovsky, then the most powerful of Russia's tycoons, befriended him and brought him into the inner circle of former president Boris Yeltsin.", "Azarov, born in the Russian SSR (in the USSR), is known primarily as a successful technocrat. Like Victor Yanukovych, Azarov began his career in Donetsk, where he rose to lead the Ukrainian State Geological Institute in the late 80s and early 90s. Mykola Azarov served as head of the State Tax Administration under President Kuchma from 1996 until 2002. He also served as Minister of Finance and Deputy Prime Minister in Yanukovych’s tenure in the premiership. He has been Prime Minister since 2010.", "During his first term in office, Putin moved to curb the political ambitions of some of the Yeltsin-era oligarchs , resulting in the exile or imprisonment of such people as Boris Berezovsky , Vladimir Gusinsky , Mikhail Khodorkovsky ; other oligarchs soon joined Putin's camp.[ citation needed ]", "Bout is a former lieutenant in the Russian military who quit the armed forces in 1991. He then allegedly transformed himself into an international arms dealer, earning the nickname 'the Merchant of Death.' The Western media has consistently referred to him as a \"former KGB officer.\"", ". In 1995, Abramovich and Boris Berezovsky , an associate of President Boris Yeltsin , acquired the controlling interest in the large oil company Sibneft . ^  ", "In 1993, Abramovich founded Mekong. He began selling oil from Noyabrsk. Eventually, he met Boris Berezovsky .", "On 20 August, Yeltsin spoke by telephone with then-U.S. President Bush, who told him Washington would not recognize the Yanayev government. In the evening, with reports of tanks moving toward the White House, Yeltsin offered amnesty to all military personnel and police who switched their allegiances and ignored the GKChP's orders.", "Putin's influence grew under Sobchak, but he remained in the shadows. \"In the Petersburg days, it was always other people in front of the television cameras,\" said Igor Artemyev, leader of the Yabloko party. \"Almost all the other vice mayors lined up next to the boss. Putin was always in the farthest corner.\"" ]

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[ "Harry Stevens was 103 years old when he married 84-year-old Thelma Lucas at the Caravilla Retirement Home, Wisconsin, USA, in December 1984.", "♥ Harry Stevens became the world’s oldest groom at 103 when he married 84 year old Thelma Lucas at the Caravilla Retirement Home in Wisconsin on December 3, 1984.", "In time, he married singer Connie Stevens, with whom he had two children. This was followed, when he was 50, by a ten-month marriage to a 21-year-old beauty queen.", "At age 18, Brightman married Stewart, a music manager. She met Webber performing in Cats; Lloyd Webber later divorced his first wife, Sarah Hugill, to marry Brightman on March 22 1984. During their partnership, the couple faced intense media and tabloid scrutiny. Brightman acknowledged the marriage in a 1999 interview as a \"difficult time\" but also one of much creative output. Currently they are on friendly terms; at the 20th London anniversary of The Phantom of the Opera, Lloyd Webber publicly pronounced Brightman a \"wonderful woman\" and \"absolutely beloved mentor\". He also appeared as special guest in her 1997 concert at the Royal Albert Hall (London).", "Bettye Marshall was diagnosed with early signs of Alzheimer's in 1982. That's when J. Howard hit the strip joints. There, the 77-year-old met 42-year-old Jewell Dianne (\"Lady\") Walker who was living with a boyfriend while still married to her fourth husband. Over the next nine years, he lavished over $15 million of gifts on her. Lady Walker died suddenly in 1991, a few months before Bettye. Then Marshall learned that she lived with two other lovers", "Kitty Howard & Daniel Donohoue Ken Huseman Jim Juarros Michael & Sheryl Kays Kenneth & Judy Kurtz Kathleen Leavitt Jim & Elizabeth Maddox Ed & Priscilla McDaniel Mike & Pam McAtee Karen S. Nemetz Malvina & Eugene Nisman Karl & Carolyn Okamoto Frank Pajerski Ray & Ellie Peck James & Carol Peterson Lisa Richmond Photography Douglas & Susanne Quayle Buzz & Cindy Raley Toni Raney Ted & Leslie Reed Beth & Paul Rees Julia Rinne Wayne & Ann Schindler Allen Schmeltz Gary & Marlys Schmitt Bob Shuken Lane & Sharon Siebenthal Steve & Cherryl Simms Candace Smallwood Ron & Diane Smith Stephen Stark Brian & Jennifer Sweeney Larry & Marilyn Taylor The Sauer Bahro Trust Dennis & Judy Tsuboi Robert Vassar & Sandy Burgner Mr. & Mrs. L.L. Victorino K. M. Warnock Greg Warzecka Dr. Jim & Mary Ann Wendling Thomas & Linda West Dee & Beverly West Gail White Anson & Marien Wong Friend Level The Abbotts & The Reithers Randy & Stefanie Abernathy Warren Adams, Inc. Christine & Gary Allen Joyce A. Amlick D. Anderly Anonymous Scott & Cynthia Austin Albert Shafsky House B&B Scot & Christina Bailey Boyce Baldwin Wes & Patti Ball William D. Bandes & Lise A. St. Andre Wilma Barber Carolyn Baum, Mindy Medeiros, Cindy Altus Sally Bennett", "After the war and in college Harry met his wife Marilyn. They had five children, later moving to Sacramento where they operated several photographic studios. After retiring from these businesses, he thought he would stay home and build and fly models full time.", "jet fighter crash), Ricci Martin (born 1953) and Gina Martin (born 1956). Her marriage made Martin the father-in-law of the Beach Boys' Carl Wilson. Figure skater Dorothy Hamill and actress Olivia Hussey were his daughters-in-law during their marriages to Dean Paul Martin. Martin's third marriage to Catherine Hawn lasted three years. Martin initiated the divorce proceedings. Martin adopted Hawn's daughter, Sasha. Martin's uncle was Leonard Barr, who appeared in several of his shows. In the 1960s and early 1970s he lived at 363 Copa De Oro Road in Bel Air, Los Angeles, before selling it to Tom Jones for $500,000 in June 1976. ", "Shares the same birthday as long-time White House correspondent and journalism legend, Helen Thomas . On her 89th birthday (and his 48th), they celebrated by blowing birthday cupcakes together in front of the press corps.", "With financial assistance from his mother, Gacy bought a house in Norwood Park Township, an unincorporated area of Cook County. The address, 8213 West Summerdale Avenue, would be where he resided until his arrest in 1978 and where all his known murders would be committed. In August 1971, shortly after Gacy and his mother moved into the house, he became engaged to Carole Hoff, a divorcee with two young daughters. Hoff, whom he had briefly dated in high school, had been a friend of his younger sister. His fiancée moved into his home soon after the couple announced their engagement. Gacy's mother subsequently moved out of the house shortly before his wedding, which was held on July 1, 1972.", "Michael Barratt , known by the stage name of \"Shakin' Stevens\" (born 4 March 1948), is a platinum-selling Welsh rock and roll singer and songwriter who was the UK's biggest-selling singles artist of the 1980s. His recording and performing career began in the late 1960s, although it was not until 1980 that he saw commercial success in his native land. In the UK alone, Stevens has charted 33 Top 40 hit singles.", "In 1950, Taylor turned 18 and had her first hit as an adult, the classic \"Father of the Bride,\" in which she played Spencer Tracy's soon-to-be-married daughter. Real life mirrored art when Taylor decided to marry hotel heir Conrad \"Nicky\" Hilton Jr., but the marriage wasn't nearly as successful as the film: It lasted just eight months.", "In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Jackson developed a reputation as an eccentric recluse. He moved to a 2,700-acre ranch called Neverland, which he outfitted with wild animals and a Ferris wheel. He underwent a facelift and nose job and was rumored to have lightened his skin through chemical treatment, though he claimed his increasing pallor was due to a skin disease. In 1993, scandal broke when Jackson was publicly accused of child molestation and underwent investigation. The case settled out of court. In 1994, Jackson married Lisa Marie Presley; the couple later divorced. Jackson married Deborah Rowe in 1996, and the couple had two sons, Prince and Paris, before divorcing in 1999.", "On 8 November 1950, she married 41-year-old George Ellis, a divorced dentist with two sons, at the register office in Tonbridge, Kent. He had been a customer at the Court Club. He was a violent alcoholic, jealous and possessive, and the marriage deteriorated rapidly because he was convinced she was having an affair. Ruth left him several times but always returned.", "On December 18, 1938, Malden married Mona Greenberg (born 1918), who survives him. Their marriage was one of the longest in Hollywood's history, lasting nearly 71 years. In addition to his wife, Malden was survived by his daughters Mila and Carla, his sons-in-law, his three granddaughters and his four great-grandchildren. In 2008, he and Mona celebrated their 70th wedding anniversary", "In 1974, John Calvin Peoples, a real estate broker and retired Air Force lieutenant, became her third husband, and they were together until his death, in 1999. Ms. Russell had had previous problems with alcohol, but they became worse after she was widowed again; her grown children insisted that she undergo rehabilitation at the age of 79.", "He married actress Robin Givens on 7 February 1988. The marriage lasted for just one year as it was marred by allegations of mental instability, spousal abuse and violence on Tyson. She once openly described her horrible marriage life in an interview to ABC TV show 20/20 in September 1988, when Tyson was watching nearby calmly.", "Garfunkel again left the music scene when his father died, leading Garfunkel further into depression. In the fall of 1985, he met his future wife, Kathryn (Kim) Cermack. They were married in September 1988. Garfunkel's retirement lasted a full seven years, until his 1988 album, Lefty (US, #134), which produced three singles, \"So Much in Love\" (US #76 AC #11), \"When A Man Loves A Woman\", and \"This Is The Moment\".", "Stein is Jewish (although he is not practising) and was born to Jewish parents in Brooklyn, New York. While in Blondie, Stein and Harry maintained a romantic relationship but never married. In 1989, the couple went their separate ways but have continued to work together on a professional basis. Stein was co-host of TV Party, a public-access television cable TV show in New York City, that ran from 1978 to 1982.", "Joel and Brinkley married in 1985, by which time the couple's largely unwanted immersion into celebrity culture was threatening to overshadow his music. A typical gag for talk show hosts of the time suggested Joel's naturally bug-eyed expression was the result of waking up each morning and not believing he had bagged one of the most beautiful women in the world.", "* Bob married Florida attorney and longtime family friend Michelle Alvarez in December 2010 at the Ancient Spanish Monastery in Miami, Fl; the couple resides in Sunny Isles Beach, Florida with their 3 children.", "On 18 December 2003, Ellison married Melanie Craft, a romance novelist, at his Woodside estate. Ellison's late friend Steve Jobs, former CEO and co-founder of Apple, Inc, was the official wedding photographer, and Representative Tom Lantos officiated.", "A year after Louise died, Byron married Peggy Simmons in 1986. The couple had met briefly in June 1981 at a charity golf outing at NCR Country Club in Ohio in which Nelson was playing and they reconnected at the same event five years later.", "Personal Life: Between 1950 and 1996, Taylor was married eight times to seven husbands. This began with Conrad Hilton between May 1950 and January 1951. Following that, Taylor married Michael Wilding in February 1952 and the couple separated in January, 1957. The following month, Taylor married Mike Todd, yet the marriage was cut short when Todd died in March, 1958. In May, 1959, she married Eddie Fisher, Todd's best friend, and they remained married until March, 1964. ", "Jeffrey and Mary Archer will have been married for 50 years in 2016, but their relationship appears to have changed of late. ", "Williams and his first wife, Valerie Velardi, join a huge number of photographers packed into singer Paul Simon's apartment to celebrate Simon's wedding to actress Carrie Fisher in New York City on August 16, 1983.", "While at a record label party in London in 1985, Tina met German music executive Erwin Bach. Initially starting out as a friendship, Turner and Bach began dating the following year and have remained together since. In July 2013, after a 27-year romantic partnership, the couple married in a civil ceremony on the banks of Lake Zurich in Küsnacht, northern Switzerland.", "1938 Birthday - Connie Stevens, born in Brooklyn, singer and actress, Hawaiian Eye, Back to Beach", "Williams was marrried four times. Her third marriage to thesp Fernando Lamas lasted from 1969 until his death in 1982. She wed Edward Bell in 1994. In addition to Bell, her survivors include two children and three grandchildren.", "She married Los Angeles Rams football star Bob Waterfield in 1943, a union that lasted until 1968. Her second husband, Roger Barrett, died less than three months after their marriage. In recent years, Russell lived in the Santa Barbara area, where she was active in numerous charities. She received the Women’s International Center Living Legacy Award in 1989.", "In 1977, she married retired clergyman Mel Hanson, and lived with him on a cattle ranch in Southern California. She also owned an alfalfa ranch in Northern California which she later sold. Her husband died in a tragic automobile accident 18 years after they were married.", "In 1978, Cocker moved onto a ranch Jane Fonda owned in Santa Barbara, California. Pam Baker, a local summer camp director and fan of Cocker's music, persuaded the actress to lend the house to Cocker. Baker began dating Cocker, and they married on 11 October 1987. The couple resided on the Mad Dog Ranch in Crawford, Colorado." ]

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[ "Diane Hall (born January 5, 1946), better known by her stage name Diane Keaton, is an American film actress, director, producer and screenwriter. She began her career on stage and made her screen debut in 1970. Her first major film role was as Kay Adams-Corleone in The Godfather (1972), but the films that shaped her early career were those with director and co-star Woody Allen, beginning with Play It Again, Sam in 1972. Her next two films with Allen, Sleeper (1973) and Love and Death (1975), established her as a comic actor. Her fourth, Annie Hall (1977), won her the Academy Award for Best Actress.", "Diane Keaton (born Diane Hall; January 5, 1946) is an American film actress, director and producer. Read Less", "Diane Keaton (born Diane Hall on January 5, 1946) is an Academy Award-winning American film actress, director and producer. Keaton began her career on stage, and made her screen debut in 1970. Her first major film role was as Kay Adams in The Godfather (1972), but the films that shaped her early career were those with director and co-star Woody Allen, beginning with Play It Again, Sam (1972). Her next two films for Allen, Sleeper (1973) and Love and Death (1975), established her as a comic actress. Her fourth, Annie Hall (1977), won her the Academy Award for Best Actress. Keaton has claimed that she is \"tailor-made for comedy\". Keaton took on different kinds of roles to avoid becoming typecast as her Annie Hall persona. She became an accomplished dramatic actress, starting in Looking fo...", "Actor Michael Keaton was actually named Michael Douglas, but when he moved to Los Angeles and started auditioning for TV roles, he had to change his name to avoid confusion with the more well-known star. He chose Keaton for a surname because he'd read an article about actress Diane Keaton and thought her name sounded good. Years later, Michael called Diane and thanked her for her name, but the two have more in common than he realized: Diane Keaton was actually born Diane Hall. Photo by Retna.", "Also, the woman who inspired Michael to adopt the name Keaton wasn't originally called that. Diane Hall (\" Annie \" to her friends and family) switched to Keaton, her mother's maiden name, for the same reason Michael did: someone else was already using her real name . However, some say the change was partly inspired by her being a fan of legendary comedy actor Buster Keaton, after whom her cat is named , and whose films she tributed in Woody Allen's Sleeper.", "Keaton first appeared on TV in several episodes of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood . He left Pittsburgh and moved to Los Angeles to begin auditioning for TV. He began cropping up in popular TV shows including Maude and The Mary Tyler Moore Hour . Around this time, Keaton decided to use an alternative surname to remove confusion with better-known actor Michael Douglas . After reading an article on actress Diane Keaton , he decided that Michael Keaton sounded good. His next break was scoring a co-starring role alongside Jim Belushi in the short-lived comedy series Working Stiffs , which showcased his comedic talent and led to his co-starring role in Night Shift . Keaton next scored the lead in the comedy hits Mr. Mom , Johnny Dangerously , Gung Ho and the Tim Burton horror-comedy Beetlejuice .", "Joseph Frank \"Buster\" Keaton (October 4, 1895 – February 1, 1966) was an American actor, director, producer, writer, and stunt performer. He was best known for his silent films, in which his trademark was physical comedy with a consistently stoic, deadpan expression, earning him the nickname \"The Great Stone Face\". Keaton was recognized as the seventh-greatest film director by Entertainment Weekly. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Keaton the 21st greatest male star of Classic Hollywood Cinema. Critic Roger Ebert wrote of Keaton's \"extraordinary period from 1920 to 1929, [when] he worked without interruption on a series of films that make him, arguably, the greatest actor-director in the history of the movies\". His career declined afterward with a dispiriting loss of his artistic independence when he was hired by MGM, which resulted in a crippling alcoholism that ruined his family life. He recovered in the 1940s, remarried, and revived his career to a degree as an honored comic performer for the rest of his life, earning an Academy Honorary Award in 1959.", "Silkwood-Diane Keaton - she was branching out from Woody Allen and Warren Beatty around then so she could have had it-----or maybe Debra Winger", "When he realized he needed to change his name to join the union, he was in the K's for surnames and thought it inoffensive so chose Keaton. It is a misconception that it was after Diane Keaton .", "Keaton subsequently expanded her range to avoid becoming typecast as her Annie Hall persona. She became an accomplished dramatic performer, starring in Looking for Mr. Goodbar (1977) and received Academy Award nominations for Reds (1981), Marvin's Room (1996) and Something's Gotta Give (2003). Some of her popular later films include Baby Boom (1987), Father of the Bride (1991), The First Wives Club (1996), and The Family Stone (2005). Keaton's films have earned a cumulative gross of over US$1.1 billion in North America. In addition to acting, she is also a photographer, real estate developer, author, and occasional singer.", "Actress Diane Keaton became a mom in 1996 when she adopted daughter Dexter. She also adopted son Duke in 2001.", "Keaton was born Michael John Douglas on September 5, 1951 in Coraopolis, Pennsylvannia, to Leona Elizabeth (Loftus), a homemaker, and George A. Douglas, a civil engineer and surveyor. He is of Irish, as well as English, Scottish, and German, descent. Michael studied speech for two years at Kent State, before dropping out and moving to Pittsburgh. An unsuccessful attempt at stand-up comedy led Keaton to working as a TV cameraman in a cable station, and he came to realize he wanted to work in front of the cameras.", "Actors Diane Keaton, left, and Lisa Kudrow, right, pose together backstage at the Film Society of Lincoln Center's 34th Gala Tribute in New York, Monday, April 9, 2007. Keaton was the honoree. The two appeared as sisters in the film \"Hanging Up.\"", "Michael John Douglas (born September 5, 1951), known professionally as Michael Keaton, is an American actor, comedian, producer, and director. Keaton first rose to fame for his comedic film roles in Night Shift (1982), Mr. Mom (1983), Johnny Dangerously (1984) and Beetlejuice (1988), and he earned further acclaim for his dramatic portrayal of Bruce Wayne / Batman in Tim Burton's Batman (1989) and Batman Returns (1992). Since then, he has appeared in a variety of films ranging from dramas and romantic comedies to thriller and action films; such as Clean and Sober (1988), The Dream Team (1989), Pacific Heights (1990), Much Ado About Nothing (1993), My Life (1993), The Paper (1994), Multiplicity (1996), Jackie Brown (1997), The Other Guys (2010), Need for Speed (2014), RoboCop (2014), Birdman (2014) and Spotlight (2015), and he also provided voices for characters in the animated films Cars (2006), Toy Story 3 (2010) and Minions (2015).", "Diane Keaton poses with her Oscar statuette after winning the Best Actress Award for \"Annie Hall\" (an exceptionally rare win for a comic performance), at the 50th Annual Academy Awards in Los Angeles, Ca., April 3, 1978.", "Wearing gloves, another of her trademarks, Diane Keaton appears on \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" on Feb. 13, 2004, at the NBC Studios, in Burbank, Calif.", "Diane Keaton attends the 61st Annual Golden Globe Awards at the Beverly Hilton Hotel on Jan. 25, 2004, in Beverly Hills, Calif. The actress was nominated nine times for a Golden Globe and she won the statuette twice.", "Diane Keaton is seen here in Woody Allen's Bergman-esque drama, \"Interior\" (1978), also featuring Kristin Griffith and Mary Beth Hurt.", "ANNIE HALL - (Late 1970's) In the movie \"Annie Hall,\" the actress Diane Keaton popularized a fashion consisting of a drooping hat, long vest, wide tie, baggy pants and a man's shirt.", "Diane Keaton (1978) – Diane Keaton places her Oscar on a restaurant table after the Academy Awards ceremony in 1978. She received the award for her role in \"Annie Hall.\"", "Keaton moved to blockbuster fare in 1989, taking on the role of one of the country's most famous comic book characters in Batman (1989) and its sequel, Batman Returns (1992). The films reunited Keaton with director Burton, and Keaton played the famous Batman character with a darker edge than had been portrayed in previous incarnations. Keaton's Batman was edgy, moody, and emotionally wounded. In the films, he battled such legendary bad guys as the Joker (played by Jack Nicholson ) and the Penguin (played by Danny DeVito ). Val Kilmer replaced Keaton for the third installment. George Clooney and Christian Bale also followed in Keaton's footsteps in the later Batman films.", "She was Oscar-nominated for her luminescent performance in Warren Beatty 's politically-charged masterpiece Reds, and was lauded for her work in Bruce Beresford 's compelling saga of three sisters, Crimes of the Heart with Jessica Lange and Sissy Spacek . Keaton's career probably peaked with the overwrought comedy Baby Boom and another well-received collaboration with Allen, Radio Days. After that, she starred in The Good Mother, a controversial and unpopular drama of romance and child abuse, and her career has never quite regained its early heights.", "That role went to Susan Saint James. Shortly after, Keaton was cast as Kay in Francis Ford Coppola's landmark 1972 Oscar-winner \"The Godfather.\" A few years later, Keaton earned a lead actress Oscar and became a fashion icon in Woody Allen's 1977 best picture masterpiece \"Annie Hall.\"", "After being nominated for a Tony Award for Play It Again, Sam, Keaton made her film debut in Lovers and Other Strangers (1970). She followed with guest roles on the television series Love, American Style and Night Gallery, and Mannix. Between films, Keaton appeared in a series of deodorant commercials.", "\"And So It Goes\" marks the first time that Keaton, 68, has worked with Douglas and Reiner, although she auditioned for a long-forgotten 1971 youth drama, \"Summertree,\" that starred Douglas, with Reiner as his best friend. She didn't get the gig.", "Keaton's first film appearance was in \"Lovers and Other Stranger\" in 1970. Her many early TV credits include appearances on \"Mannix,\" \"The F.B.I.,\" \"Night Gallery\" and \"Love, American Style.\"", "Keaton returned to work with Ron Howard in The Paper and then worked alongside Andie MacDowell in Multiplicity. In the Quentin Tarantino movie Jackie Brown, Keaton performed alongside Pam Grier and Samuel L. Jackson. He then starred in the Steven Soderbergh-directed Out of Sight, with George Clooney and Jennifer Lopez.", "In 1997, Keaton worked with director Quentin Tarantino on the crime thriller Jackie Brown, a film adaptation of an Elmore Leonard novel. He played a supporting role as an ATF agent who busts a stewardess Jackie Brown (played by Pam Grier ) for smuggling cash for an arms dealer (played by Samuel L. Jackson ). Reprising his role, Keaton made a cameo appearance in Steven Soderbergh 's Out of Sight (1998).", "He played the title character in Tim Burton's 1988 horror-comedy Beetlejuice, which co-starred Alec Baldwin, Geena Davis, Catherine O'Hara and Winona Ryder, earned Keaton widespread acclaim and boosted him to movieland's A list. He originally turned down the role, then reconsidered like most of the cast. He now considers Beetlejuice his favorite of his own films. That same year, he also gave an acclaimed dramatic performance as a drug-addicted businessman in Clean and Sober. Newsweek featured him in a story during this time.", "Keaton remained active during the 1990s, appearing in a wide range of films, including Pacific Heights (1990), One Good Cop (1991), My Life (1993) and the star-studded Shakespearean story Much Ado About Nothing (1993). He also starred in another Ron Howard film, The Paper (1994), as well as with Andie MacDowell in Multiplicity (1996) and twice in the same role, Elmore Leonard character Agent Ray Nicolette, in Jackie Brown (1997) and Out of Sight (1998).", "Keaton has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame : 6619 Hollywood Boulevard (for motion pictures); and 6321 Hollywood Boulevard (for television).", "Keaton has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame: 6619 Hollywood Boulevard (for motion pictures); and 6321 Hollywood Boulevard (for television)." ]

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[ "San Francisco Ballet is a ballet company, founded in 1933 as the San Francisco Opera Ballet under the leadership of ballet master Adolph Bolm. The company is currently based in the War Memorial Opera House, San Francisco, under the direction of Helgi Tomasson. San Francisco Ballet was the first professional ballet company in the United States. It is among the world's leading dance companies, presenting over 100 performances annually, with a repertoire that spans both classical and contemporary ballet. Along with American Ballet Theatre and the New York City Ballet, San Francisco Ballet has been described as part of the \"triumvirate of great classical companies defining the American style on the world stage today.\" ", "Please note: The term War Memorial Opera House and/or San Francisco Ballet: The Nutcracker as well as all associated graphics, logos, and/or other tradermarks, tradenames or copyrights are the property of the War Memorial Opera House and/or San Francisco Ballet: The Nutcracker and are used herein for factual descriptive purposes only. We are in no way associated with or authorized by the War Memorial Opera House and/or San Francisco Ballet: The Nutcracker and neither that entity nor any of its affiliates have licensed or endorsed us to sell tickets, goods and or services in conjunction with their events.", "\"San Francisco Ballet, the oldest professional ballet company in America, has emerged as a world-class arts organization since it was founded as the San Francisco Opera Ballet in 1933. Initially, its primary purpose was to train dancers to appear in lavish, full-length opera productions.\"", "San Francisco Ballet Association, a professional ballet company, operates a dance training school. The company conducts dance performances in the United States and internationally. It also offers community programs for school children, teachers, seniors, families, fellow artists, volunteers, hospitals, and the general public. The company was formerly known as San Francisco Ballet and changed its name to San Francisco Ballet Association in January 1972. San Francisco Ballet Association was founded in 1933 and is based in San Francisco, California.", "In 1973, Michael Smuin became co-artistic director of San Francisco Ballet with Lew Christensen; Smuin had danced with the Company from 1953 to 1961. Under his direction, the national and international profile of SF Ballet was raised significantly by the broad success of productions such as 1977’s Romeo and Juliet, which aired on the PBS series “Great Performances: Dance in America” in 1978. This televised performance marked the first time that a West Coast ballet company, and a full-length ballet, was shown on the PBS TV series. PBS televised three more of Smuin’s SF Ballet productions, and his productions of The Tempest and A Song for Dead Warriors went on to win Emmys. Smuin led the company until 1985.", "In 1940,  San Francisco Ballet  became the first American company to stage a complete production of Swan Lake. The enormously successful production starred  Lew Christensen  as Prince Siegfried, Jacqueline Martin as Odette, and Janet Reed as Odile.  Willam Christensen  based his choreography on the Petipa-Ivanov production, turning to San Francisco’s large population of Russian  émigrés , headed by Princess and  Prince Vasili Alexandrovich of Russia , to help him ensure that the production succeeded in its goal of preserving Russian culture in San Francisco. [12 ]", "*1990, San Francisco, with San Francisco Ballet as choreographed by Helgi Tómasson in tribute to Tchaikovsky, and with a focus on maintaining the Russian-French connection ", "The SFBO toured with the SF Ballet’s touring company from 1978 until 1984. It has accompanied many prestigious international ballet companies that have toured to the San Francisco Bay Area, including The Royal Ballet, the Royal Danish Ballet, Stuttgart Ballet, the Bolshoi Ballet, Paul Taylor Dance Company, American Ballet Theatre, and the Paris Opéra Ballet. In 1995, the orchestra took on the remarkable task of accompanying 13 international dance companies over the space of a single week in the UNited We Dance Festival.", "I ITUC ADTICTC Richard Carter will lend his artistic talents to the San Francisco Ballet, company -..in ;", "In a version danced by  San Francisco Ballet  in 2009, Siegfried and Odette throw themselves into the lake, as in the 1895 Mariinsky revival, and von Rothbart is destroyed. Two swans, implied to be the lovers, are then seen flying past the Moon.", "The 49-member orchestra accompanies SF Ballet throughout its winter and spring repertory seasons. It also performs apart from the Company; it debuted solely as an orchestra in 1979 at the Herbst Theatre in San Francisco’s War Memorial Veterans Building, playing a program that included works by Haydn, Ives, and Vivaldi.", "San Francisco's War Memorial and Performing Arts Center hosts some of the most enduring performing-arts companies in the U.S. The War Memorial Opera House houses the San Francisco Opera, the second-largest opera company in North America as well as the San Francisco Ballet, while the San Francisco Symphony plays in Davies Symphony Hall.", "SMUIN BALLET. A San Francisco company known for its vigor and theatricality offers two contrasting works by its founding choreographer, Michael Smuin. ''Dancin' With Gershwin'' is an exuberant extravaganza to recordings of Gershwin songs by such artists as Lena Horne, Nat King Cole, Fred Astaire and Ella Fitzgerald. ''Stabat Mater,'' to a major choral work by Dvorak, offers a choreographic meditation on the loss experienced on Sept. 11, 2001. Tonight at 8, tomorrow at 2 and 8 p.m., Joyce Theater, 175 Eighth Avenue, at 19th Street, Chelsea, (Anderson).", "San Francisco Ballet also performed in frequent overseas tours, including engagements at prestigious venues such as the famed Opéra de Paris-Palais Garnier in Paris (1994, 2001); London’s Sadler’s Wells Theatre (1999, 2004, 2012) and Royal Opera House in Covent Garden (2002); Athens’ Megaron Theatre (2002) and Herod Atticus Amphitheatre (2004); Copenhagen’s Tivoli Gardens (1998, 2010); and the Edinburgh International Festival at the Edinburgh Playhouse (1997, 2003). In fall 2009, San Francisco Ballet made its first trip to the People’s Republic of China, with performances in Shanghai and Beijing.", "The first complete performance outside Russia took place in London was on 30 January 1934, at the Sadler's Wells Theatre, staged by Nicholas Sergeyev. An abridged version was staged at the 51st Street Theater in New York on 17 October 1940 by the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo, choreographed by Alexandra Fedorova. William Christensen's production with the San Francisco Ballet on 24 December 1944 was the first complete performance in the United States.", "San Francisco Ballet's 2013 season included Trio, Ghost and Borderlands as well as Suite en blanc, In the night, Nijinsky, The Rite of Spring, Onegin, Raymonda Act III and Cinderella. ", "The San Francisco Ballet Auxiliary is a group of 100 dedicated women who volunteer to raise over $1 million in net contributions annually. In addition to individual fundraising, the group produces three annual productions: the Opening Night Gala, Fashion Show, and Student Showcase, with proceeds benefiting the Ballet and the San Francisco Ballet School. ", "ADAGE (French), ADAGIO (Italian) In song, Adagio means \"slowly\", and in ballet it means slow, enfolding movements. In a classical ballet class, the Adagio portion of the lesson concentrates on slow movements to improve the dancer's ability to control the leg and increase extension (i.e., to bring the leg into high positions with control and ease). In a Grand Pas (or Classical Pas de deux; Grand Pas d'action; etc.), the Adagio is usually referred to as the Grand adage, and often follows the Entrée. This Adage is typically the outward movement of the Grand Pas where the Ballerina is partnered by the lead male Danseur and/or one or more suitors. In ballet, the word adagio does not refer to the music accompanying the dance but rather the type of balletic movement being performed. For example, the Grand adage of the famous Black Swan Pas de deux from Swan Lake is musically an Andante, while the choreography is Adagio. It is a very important pose in ballet.", "Changé is a classical ballet term meaning “changed.” A changé is not a step on its own, instead it is added on to names of other steps to describe a dancer’s feet changing places.  Simply, if the right foot started in front at the beginning of the step, but is now in the back with […]", "The French plural form of the name, “Ballets Russes,” specifically refers to the company founded by Sergei Diaghilev and active during his lifetime. (In some publicity the company was advertised as Les Ballets Russes de Serge Diaghileff.) In English, the company is now commonly referred to as \"the Ballets Russes\" (plural, without italics), although in the early part of the 20th century, it was sometimes referred to as “The Russian Ballet” or “Diaghilev’s Russian Ballet.” To add to the confusion, some publicity material spelt the name in the singular.", "Ballet emerged in the late 15th-century Renaissance court culture of Italy as a dance interpretation of fencing, and further developed in the French court from the time of Louis XIV in the 17th century. This is reflected in the largely French vocabulary of ballet. Despite the great reforms of Noverre in the 18th century, ballet went into decline in France after 1830, though it was continued in Denmark, Italy, and Russia. It was reintroduced to western Europe on the eve of World War I by a Russian company: the Ballets Russes of Sergei Diaghilev, who came to be influential around the world. Diaghilev's company came to be a destination for many of the Russian trained dancers fleeing the famine and unrest that followed the Bolshevik revolution. These dancers brought many of the choreographic and stylistic innovations that had been flourishing under the czars back to their place of origin.", "Founder of the Joffrey Ballet. Joffrey Ballet is known for being a modern ballet company, performing in highly imaginative ways. Originally founded in Chicago in 1954, other known names include the Robert Joffrey Ballet and Joffrey Ballet of Chicago. But, since its permanent residence in New York, the name is now simply known as the Joffrey Ballet (Anawalt, 1997; Gruen, 1975; Robert Joffrey, 2009).", "London.  Its' original members were from the Tsar's Imperial Ballet of St. Petersburg, Russia where all its dancers were associated and trained. The company consisted of 13 members, all attaining a very high standard of dance.  The company featured and premiered now-famous works by the great choreographers Marius Petipa , Michel Fokine, Bronislava Nijinska , Leonide Massine , Vaslav Nijinsky , and a", "Sadler's Wells Theatre is bombed during the war and consequently the company begins to tour widely throughout the country. At this point the name of the company is changed to the Sadler's Wells Ballet.", "SAN FRANCISCO OPERA The world-renowned San Francisco Opera is the second largest opera company in North America. Founded in 1923, the company’s first performance was Puccini’s La Bohème. Opera had been popular in San Francisco since Gold Rush days, but until 1923 had only been performed by visiting opera companies. Today, opening night is a festive occasion, with the War Memorial Opera House always packed, above. A scene from a recent production of La Bohème appears above right.", "Sissonne is a classical ballet term that describes a dancer jumping from two feet and splitting their legs “like scissors” in the air before landing.  It is a very common and popular ballet step, seen in performances and throughout classes of most skill levels. A sissonne in its most simplest form is commonly taught to […]", "For many, the Mariinsky symbolises ballet's grand past. This was the company where The Sleeping Beauty was created, the home of Swan Lake. In the 20th century, dancers from St Petersburg helped to repopularise ballet across the world. Diaghilev's Ballets Russes brought the art form back into fashion, bringing music by Stravinsky, designs by Bakst and Benois – and choreographers and dancers from the Mariinsky. Pavlova's world tours created a lasting, global image of the ballerina: a dying swan, trained in St Petersburg . Most Western companies cherish links with the imperial Russian past, through repertory, teaching and inspiration.", "The Mariinsky Ballet is the resident classical ballet company of the Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Founded in the 18th century and originally known as the Imperial Russian Ballet, the Mariinsky Ballet is one of the world's leading ballet companies. Internationally, the Mariinsky Ballet continues to be known by its former Soviet name the Kirov Ballet. The Mariinsky Ballet is the parent company of the Vaganova Ballet Academy, a leading international ballet school.", "The cultural development of San Francisco had been virtually assured since the days of the Gold Rush. Those who came to California often had cosmopolitan tastes, and a voracious appetite for books, literary journals, lectures, newspapers, art galleries, and theatrical and musical performances. Nevertheless, the number of bookstores, art galleries, and opera companies paled beside the number of saloons and gambling houses.", "The Bolshoi Ballet and Bolshoi Opera are amongst the oldest and most renowned ballet and opera companies in the world. It is by far the world's biggest ballet company, having more than 200 dancers. The theatre is the parent company of The Bolshoi Ballet Academy, a world-famous leading school of ballet. It has a branch at the Bolshoi Theatre School in Joinville, Brazil.", "The company began as a dancing academy founded in St. Petersburg in 1738. Its early performances were before the royal court, and, after 1780, in the Petrovsky (now Bolshoi) Theatre. The Imperial Russian Ballet was established as a professional company and became the centre of Russian ballet. In the late 19th century the company moved to the Mariinsky Theatre, where it became the resident ballet company, acquiring the Mariinsky name. With the October Revolution of 1917, the company lost 40 percent of its personnel but was able to maintain its repertoire and its technical proficiency under the teacher Agrippina Vaganova and artistic director Konstantin Sergeyev . During the Soviet period the theatre was renamed the S.M. Kirov State Academic Theatre of Opera and Ballet, and the company became known as the Kirov Ballet. New works on heroic themes were produced, as well as such experimental works as Igor Belsky’s The Coast of Hope (1959). After 1961 the company toured western Europe, the United States , and Canada. With the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, the theatre and company reclaimed their Mariinsky name.", "Upon graduation in 1897 from the Russian Imperial School of Ballet, St. Petersburg, she joined the Mariinsky Theatre, where she became known as \"queen of variations\" for her soaring leaps and brilliant footwork. Although she danced the ballerina roles of Odette-Odile (Swan Lake), the Tsar-Maiden (The Humpbacked Horse), and the Mazurka (Chopiniana), she was not given official ballerina ranking until 1915, two years before her retirement from the stage." ]

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[ "The list of people on the cover of Rolling Stone magazine, besides musicians, whom Rolling Stone primarily covers, includes politicians, movie and TV stars, comedians, sports figures, among others, including some fictional characters.Wenner, Jann (2006).[http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/10224178/our_1000th_issue \"Our 1000th Issue – Jann Wenner looks back on 39 years of Rolling Stone\"] RollingStone.com . Retrieved September 21, 2006. The Beatles, as individuals or as the band, have appeared over 30 times. Madonna has appeared on more covers than any other female, either alone or in a \"collage\" cover.", "She photographed Clapton for Rolling Stone magazine, becoming the first woman to have a photograph featured on the front cover (May 11, 1968). She and husband Paul also appeared on the cover of Rolling Stone on January 31, 1974, making her the only person to have taken a photograph, and to have been photographed, for the front cover of the magazine. Her photographs were later exhibited in more than 50 galleries internationally, as well as at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. A collection of photographs from that time, Linda McCartney's Sixties: Portrait of an Era, was published in 1993. She also took the photograph for the cover of Paul McCartney's and Michael Jackson's single, \"The Girl Is Mine\".", "W. Axl Rose (born William Bruce Rose, Jr.; raised as William Bruce Bailey; February 6, 1962) is an American singer, songwriter and musician. He is the lead vocalist of the hard rock band Guns N' Roses, a position he has held since its inception in 1985. Due to his powerful and wide vocal range and energetic live performances, Rose has been named one of the greatest singers of all time by various media outlets, including Rolling Stone and NME. ", "Bob Dylan (; born Robert Allen Zimmerman, May 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter, artist and writer. He has been influential in popular music and culture for more than five decades. Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s when his songs chronicled social unrest, although Dylan repudiated suggestions from journalists that he was a spokesman for his generation. Nevertheless, early songs such as \"Blowin' in the Wind\" and \"The Times They Are a-Changin'\" became anthems for the American civil rights and anti-war movements. After he left his initial base in the American folk music revival, his six-minute single \"Like a Rolling Stone\" altered the range of popular music in 1965. His mid-1960s recordings, backed by rock musicians, reached the top end of the United States music charts while also attracting denunciation and criticism from others in the folk movement.", "Kurt Donald Cobain (February 20, 1967 – c. April 5, 1994) was an American singer-songwriter, musician and artist, best known as the lead singer and guitarist of the grunge band Nirvana. Cobain formed Nirvana with Krist Novoselic in Aberdeen, Washington in 1985 and established it as part of the Seattle music scene, having its debut album Bleach released on the independent record label Sub Pop in 1989. After signing with major label DGC Records, the band found breakthrough success with \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" from its second album Nevermind (1991).", "Jerry Lee Lewis - Jerry Lee Lewis (born September 29, 1935) is an American rock and roll and country music singer, songwriter and pianist. An early pioneer of rock and roll music, Lewis was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1986 and his pioneering contribution to the genre has been recognized by the Rockabilly Hall of Fame. In 2004, Rolling Stone Magazine ranked him #24 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. In 2003, they listed his box set All Killer, No Filler: The Anthology #242 on their list of \"500 greatest albums of all time\". His earliest influences were country stars Jimmie Rodgers and Gene Autry, and the more rocking music of local black groups, along with the gospel hymns.", "Mary Isobel Catherine Bernadette O'Brien OBE (16 April 1939 – 2 March 1999), known professionally as Dusty Springfield, was an English pop singer and record producer whose career extended from the late 1950s to the 1990s. With her distinctive sensual sound, she was an important blue-eyed soul singer and at her peak was one of the most successful British female performers, with six top 20 singles on the United States Billboard Hot 100 and sixteen on the United Kingdom Singles Chart from 1963 to 1989. She is a member of both the US Rock and Roll and UK Music Halls of Fame. International polls have named Springfield among the best female rock artists of all time. Her image, supported by a peroxide blonde bouffant hairstyle, evening gowns, and heavy make-up, made her an icon of the Swinging Sixties.", "Sir Roderick David \"Rod\" Stewart, (born 10 January 1945) is a British rock singer-songwriter. Born and raised in London, he is of Scottish and English ancestry. Stewart is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold over 100 million records worldwide. He has had six consecutive number one albums in the UK and his tally of 62 UK hit singles includes 31 that reached the top ten, six of which gained the #1 position. Stewart has had 16 top ten singles in the US, with four reaching #1 on the Billboard Hot 100. He was knighted in the 2016 Birthday Honours for services to music and charity. ", "*Mick Jagger – lead singer, The Rolling Stones (15, 19, 49, 65, 112, 129, 191, 195, 268, 273, 324, 359/360, 409, 441, 454, 560, 573, 689, 723, 775, 828/829, 855, 946, 951, 983, 1000, 1050, 1092, 1105, 1183)", "Has appeared on the cover of Rolling Stone Magazine twenty times. The first time was in 1968, and the last one (so far) was in 2005.", "Vivienne Patricia \"Patti\" Scialfa ( ;; born July 29, 1953) is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist. Scialfa has been a member of the E Street Band since 1984 and has been married to Bruce Springsteen since 1991. In 2014, Scialfa was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the E Street Band.", "Neil Leslie Diamond (born January 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter and musician with a career that began in the 1960s. Diamond has sold over 100 million records worldwide, making him one of the world's best-selling artists of all time. He is the second most successful adult contemporary artist ever on the Billboard charts. His songs have been covered internationally by many performers from various musical genres.", "More July - TV for housewives - a show called “ Girl Talk ” with Virginia Graham - each weekday on ABC-TV. The chatter can range from hair curlers to the atomic bomb to sex and perhaps husband changing….Grand Ole Opry star Roy Acuff is seriously injured in a two-car collision near Sparta, Tennessee. Two others were also injured. Acuff suffered broken ribs, pelvis collarbone… Columbia Records releases two versions of a new single by Bob Dylan - “Like A Rolling Stone” to radio stations. On one version - “Like A Rolling Stone” is backed with “Gates of Eden.” Interesting, because each song is about 6 minutes, giving the single 12 minutes of music. So as not to completely frighten top-40 disc jockeys, where the average song is just over two minutes, a special DJ single has been created featuring parts one and two of “Like A Rolling Stone.” The song fades out about midway, flip it over and it continues ...  The Kinks are set for a second U.S tour in October. The Britishers launched a four-week tour June 18 that included 18 cities…", "The Golden Gate Bridge appeared on the cover of Rolling Stone Magazine on February 26, 1976. It was the backdrop for five well-known rock stars of the era.", "In 2004 six of his songs were included in the Rolling Stone magazine's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time list, namely \"Johnny B. Goode\" (# 7), \"Maybellene\" (# 18), \"Roll Over Beethoven\" (# 97), \"Rock and Roll Music\" (#128), \"Sweet Little Sixteen\" (# 272) and \"Brown Eyed Handsome Man\" (# 374).", "Turner was listed on Rolling Stone's list \"The Immortals — The Greatest Artists of All Time\". [6] Turner is a Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductee, [61] and two of her recordings, \"River Deep - Mountain High\" (1999) and \"Proud Mary\" (2003), are in the Grammy Hall of Fame. [62] Turner has won eight Grammy Awards. [9]", "Nicknamed both the “First Lady of Rock” and the “Queen of Rock,” at the height of her career, the 10-time Grammy winner became a fixture on the covers of magazines like Rolling Stone, Newsweek, and even Time.", "With 3,000 songs to her name — including more than 20 Number One country singles —Dolly Parton has enjoyed one of country's most impressive songwriting careers. Parton tapped her hardscrabble Tennessee-hills upbringing on songs like \"Coat of Many Colors\" and \"The Bargain Store,\" and throughout the Seventies, her songs broke new ground in describing romantic heartache and marital hardship. On \"Travelin' Man,\" from her 1971 masterpiece Coat of Many Colors, Parton's mom runs off with her man, and on the gut-wrenching \"If I Lose My Mind,\" also on that album, Parton watches while her boyfriend has sex with another woman. Over the years, her songs have been covered by everyone from the White Stripes to LeAnn Rimes to Whitney Houston, who had an enormous hit with her version of Parton's ballad \"I Will Always Love You.\" Parton has always had a self-deprecating sense of humor (she once described her voice as \"a cross between Tiny Tim and a nanny goat\"). But she doesn't do much joking around when it comes to the art of songwriting. \"I've always prided myself as a songwriter more than anything else\" she once said, adding \"nothing is more sacred and more precious to me than when I really can get in that zone where it's just God and me.\"", "eil Young is a unique rock icon, with a career unrivaled in its breadth and innovation. This celebration of the man and his music tells Young’s story through classic and rare images, record artwork, contemporary press materials, and more. It traces his work with Crazy Horse, Buffalo Springfield, and Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young; his solo albums and tours; and his activism. With a background as a musician on the ‘60s rock scene, Mike Evans began writing about popular music as a journalist on local radio and for magazines such as Sounds, Cream, and Melody Maker. He’s written several books, including the bestselling Elvis: A Celebration (2002), as well as Sterling’s own Fleetwood Mac: The Definitive History (2011) and Woodstock: Three Days That Rocked the World (2009). He lives and works in London, England.", "Canadian Alannah Myles was one of the big stars that helped kick off the 90's in brilliant style. There are countless songs written about Elvis Presley, and Alannah Myles had one of the biggest, named after the colour he used in his hair, Sullivan's Black Velvet Hair Dye. Taking us through his child, into the height of his career, and then his unfortunate death, the song won Alannah the Grammy for Best Female Rock Performance. Three further albums during the 90's failed to match the success of her debut.", "Bruce Springsteen is perhaps best known for his 1984 album, Born in the U.S.A.. The album saw seven hit singles released — including \"Dancing in the Dark,\" \"Cover Me,\" \"Born in the U.S.A.,\" \"I'm on Fire,\" \"Glory Days,\" \"I'm Goin' Down,\" and \"My Hometown\" — and sold over ten million copies. At that time, the album was the best-selling album in the history of Columbia Records, and the single \"Dancing in the Dark\" won a 1984 Grammy Award for Best Male Rock Vocal Performance. The song was so popular upon release that former President Ronald Reagan used it during his re-election campaign. Today, with a 15x platinum rating, it remains Bruce Springsteen's best-selling album.", "In 1989, Cher released the album Heart of Stone. As on her previous album, Michael Bolton, Jon Bon Jovi, Diane Warren and Desmond Child handled songwriting and/or producing duties. The album was originally released with cover artwork featuring Cher sitting in front of a heart made of stone, creating the illusion of a skull. Heart of Stone would prove to be very successful, having sold 11,000,000 copies worldwide, and certified 3x Platinum by the RIAA. The album's biggest hit came with the rock hymn \"If I Could Turn Back Time\", which topped the charts in Australia for seven non-consecutive weeks, peaked at #3 in the U.S., reached #6 in the UK and charted in various other countries around the globe. Further hits from the album were \"Just Like Jesse James\", \"Heart of Stone\", and it also contained the hit duet with Peter Cetera, \"After All\", #6 in U.S.", "With a career spanning more than three decades, Joel has proven his musical range to his loyal audience with a diverse collection of pop and rock hits that have become American standards. Perhaps best known for his soulful ballads, the multi-platinum-selling, Grammy-winning singer/songwriter rose to mega-stardom during the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, and continued his successes well into the next millennium. His albums have been among those decade's biggest sellers: singles like \"Piano Man,\" \"Just the Way You Are,\" \"It's Still Rock and Roll to Me,\" \"An Innocent Man,\" and \"We Didn't Start the Fire\" have garnered much commercial and critical acclaim.", "Morning Trivia: She's a singer-songwriter. She joined the band she's a famous part of at the end of 1974. Her solo career began in 1981. The two between them, have produced over forty Top 50 hits and sold over 140 million albums. After the release of her first solo album, Rolling Stone deemed her The Reigning Queen of Rock and Roll. Having overcome cocaine addiction and dependency on tranquilizers, she remains a popular solo performer. As a solo artist, she has garnered eight Grammy Award nominations and, with her band, has a further five nominations. As a member of her band, she was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998. Who is she?", "Though Lee grew up in the South surrounded by country and rockabilly, her influences as a vocalist were surprisingly diverse, tending more toward the likes of Judy Garland, Edith Piaf and Frank Sinatra than any rock and roll peers. Her broad musical overview, assured stage presence and consummate vocal skills allowed her to continue long after many of her contemporaries fell by the wayside. After the pop hits subsided, she became a highly successful country-music artist in the Seventies and Eighties – even though, as she noted, “I was still sort of recording the same way I’d always recorded....But music had changed so much, and what we knew as rock was no longer rock or even pop at that time.” She had Top Ten country hits with material by the likes of Kris Kristofferson (“Nobody Wins”) and Shel Silverstein (“Big Four Poster Bed”). Again, Lee remained consistent in her approach; it was the musical landscape that had changed around her.", "Joel began playing in local bands before releasing a debut album in 1971 that was indifferently received, before 1973's \"Piano Man\" provided his signature song and put him on the road towards superstardom. During the next two decades, he released a string of hit singles and albums, winning Grammy awards for Album of The Year in 1978 and Song of The Year, and Record of The Year for \"Just The Way You Are.\" He dated Elle Macpherson and married another supermodel – Christine Brinkley – and in 1987 he became the first American rock star to play Russia since the building of the Berlin Wall. He seemed to have it all, but the one thing that eluded him was critical acclaim.", "musician: guitar, singer: group: The Fourmost: Hello Little Girl, I�m in Love, A Little Loving, Baby I Need Your Loving; died June 27, 1999", "From RollingStone.com, June 16, 2009. Copywright Rolling Stone LLC 2009. All Rights Reserved. Reprinted by Permission.", "This article appeared in the June 24, 2010 issue of Rolling Stone. The issue is available in the online archive .", "During the 1960s, Stewart was a part of several different bands. In 1966, he joined the blues-influenced Jeff Beck Group and experienced his first taste of success. The group toured the United Kingdom and the United States and released two hit albums. In 1969, he joined what became known as the Faces. Ron Wood was one of his bandmates and became a member of the Rolling Stones. Stewart also performed as a solo artist and scored his first big solo success with the album Every Picture Tells A Story, which featured the hit single \"Maggie May\" in 1971. That same year, the Faces had a hit with the song \"Stay With Me.\"", "The late 1970's saw him surprisingly re-invented as a mildly-heavy rocker, and he finally achieved the US recognition that had eluded him for so long when \"Devil Woman\" reached the top ten there. In 1979 he released \"We Don't Talk Anymore\", which became his biggest-selling single worldwide, and more hits followed. In 1983, he marked his 25th anniversary in the business with a retrospective album \"Silver\" and new material in unusual styles. In late 2013, he released his 100th album, \"The Fabulous Rock 'N' Roll Songbook\".", "His 1992 release of this album featured the hit single \"Every Time I Roll the Dice\", which made it to #13 on the US Mainstream Rock charts, While the album only made it to #113. He has written for and recorded with a group of musicians that reads like the who's who or the music industry, including John Lennon." ]

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[ "Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu, now known as Mother Teresa, was the third and final child born to her Albanian Catholic parents, Nikola and Dranafile Bojaxhiu, in the city of Skopje (a predominantly Muslim city in the Balkans).", "Mother Teresa was born Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu of Albanian parents in Macedonia in 1910 in what was then part of the Ottoman Empire.", "Mother Teresa was born Anjeze Gonxhe Bojaxhiu of Albanian parents in Macedonia in 1910 in what was then part of the Ottoman Empire. After having lived in Macedonia for some 18 years, she moved to Ireland and then to India, where she lived for most of her life.", "Though her parents were ethnic Albanians, Mother Teresa was born in what is now Macedonia and what was then part of the Ottoman Empire. Some sources give her date of birth as August 26th, not August 27th… After beatification she became known as the Blessed Mother Teresa of Kolkata.", "Mother Teresa (born Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu; 26 August 1910 – 5 September 1997) also known as Blessed Teresa of Calcutta, MC,\"Blessed Mother Teresa\". (2007). Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 4 July 2010. was an Albanian Roman Catholic nun and missionary. She was born in Skopje (modern Republic of Macedonia), then part of the Kosovo Vilayet in the Ottoman Empire. After having lived in Macedonia for eighteen years, she moved to Ireland and then to India, where she lived for most of her life.", "September 5th, 1997-Humanitarian and Catholic Nun, Mother Teresa dies.  Mother Teresa was born in the country of Albania on August 26th ,1910.  Her given name was Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu.  For over 45 years, she ministered to the poor, sick, orphaned, and dying, while guiding the Missionaries of Charity's expansion, first throughout India and then in other countries.  In 1979, she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her work. When Mother Teresa received the Nobel Peace Prize, she was asked, \"What can we do to promote world peace?\" She answered, \"Go home and love your family.\" During her lifetime, Mother Teresa was named 18 times in the yearly Gallup's most admired man and woman poll as one of the ten women around the world that Americans admired most.", "Mother Teresa of Calcutta was born Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu in Albania in 1910. Her father was a businessman whose death when she was 9 years old left the family in difficult financial circumstances. But their faith sustained them. With her mother and brother and sister, Agnes attended church every day, and she sang in the church choir. Her widowed mother, though nearly destitute herself, volunteered in the neighborhood, caring for an invalid alcoholic woman and later taking six orphaned children into her own home. It was a model of servanthood that did not go unnoticed by young Agnes.", "Born as Agnes Gonxhe Bojaxiu in Yugoslavia, Mother Teresa became an Indian citizen later and was awarded Nobel Prize for Peace in 1979 for her commendable service towards healing the poor and diseases. Her Charitable Mission “Nirmal Hriday” at Calcutta served poor and those suffering from Leprosy.", "Mother Teresa was born and named Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu in 1910 in Macedonia under the rule of the Ottoman Empire (See Gertrude Bell profile in wisdom). At 12 years old she knew that she wanted to work for the poor, and during her teenage years she gained clarity and focus on what she wanted to do.", "At age 18, Mother Teresa left home and joined the Sisters of Loretto, a community of Irish nuns who ran schools in India. She took the name Teresa as a tribute to the French saint Thèrése de Lisieux and Teresa of Avila (See Teresa of Avila profile). Mother Teresa received training in Dublin, Ireland and Darjeeling, India – she took her first religious vows in 1928 and her final vows in 1937. One of her first assignment, which lasted 17 years, was to teach – catechism, history and geography – at St Mary’s High School (1930 – 1944) and subsequently served as principal at a school (1944 – 1948) for privileged Bengali girls in Calcutta.", "Mother Teresa's date of birth is disputed: So unconcerned was she about accuracy in relation to the chronicling of her own life, and so disinclined actually to read anything written about her, that for many years and in a succession of books her birth date was erroneously recorded as 27 August 1910. It even appeared in the Indian Loreto Entrance Book as her date of birth. In fact, as she confided to her friend, co-worker and American author, Eileen Egan, that was the date on which she was christened Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu. The date which marked the beginning of her Christian life was undoubtedly the more important to Mother Teresa, but she was none the less actually born in Skopje, Serbia, on the previous day.\" (Spink, Kathryn: Mother Teresa: A Complete Authorized Biography, HarperSanFrancisco, 1997)", "Mother Teresa (1910-1997 -- interestingly enough, the same birth and death years as Jacques Cousteau) is a Roman Catholic nun who from 1928 until her death was involved in missionary and charity work in India and elsewhere. She was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979.", "Gonxha (Agnes) Bojaxhiu was born on August 26, 1910 to Albanian parents in Skopje, which at the time was under the rule of the O ttoman Empire. (The city is now the capital of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia). Five children were born to Nikola and Dronda Bojaxhiu, yet only three survived. Gonxha was the youngest, with an older sister, Aga, and brother, Lazar. Her father was a successful and well known contractor, her mother was a housewife. She was the youngest of three children. Gonxha's family was a devoted catholic family, they prayed every evening and went to church almost everyday. It was her family's generosity, care for the poor and the less fortunate, that made a great impact on young Mother Teresa's life. By age 12, she had made up her mind; she realized that her vocation was aiding the poor. When she was 18, she entered the Order of the Sisters of Our Lady of Loreto in Ireland. She trained in Dublin and in Darjeeling, India, before taking her religious vows in 1937. She took the name Teresa from Saint Teresa of Lisieux, the patron saint of foreign missionaries.", "However, despite the enormous scale of her charitable activities and the millions of lives she touched, to her dying day she held only the most humble conception of her own achievements. Summing up her life in characteristically self-effacing fashion, Mother Teresa said, \"By blood, I am Albanian. By citizenship, an Indian. By faith, I am a Catholic nun. As to my calling, I belong to the world. As to my heart, I belong entirely to the Heart of Jesus.\"", "Agnes Gonxhe Bojaxhiu, known as Blessed Teresa of Calcutta (Mother Teresa). PLACE OF BIRTH: Skopje, Macedonia BORN: August 26,1910. DIED: September 05,1997. At the age of twelve, the Catholic Albanian girl Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu heard a call. She entered a nunnery, received an education, and was sent to Calcutta in India to be a teacher. Her new name was Teresa. ❤️", "Mother Teresa was born in 1910 in Skopje, capital of the Republic of Macedonia. Little is known about her early life, but at a young age she felt a calling to be a nun and serve through helping the poor. At the age of 18 she was given permission to join a group of nuns in Ireland. After a few months of training, with the Sisters of Loreto, she was then given permission to travel to India. She took her formal religious vows in 1931, and chose to be named after St Therese of Lisieux – the patron saint of missionaries.", "Mother Teresa was born in what is now Macedonia's capital city, Skopje, on 26th August 1910. Back then, Skopje was known as Ãsküb and was a city in the Ottoman Empire. Mother Teresa was born Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu. It would have been a bit weird calling her Mother Teresa at birth.", "Mother Teresa, whose original name was Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu, was born on August 26, 1910 in what is now Skopje, Macedonia. She always wrote her birthday as the 27th of August because that was the day of her baptism, which was always more important to her than her birth. For her work with the poor around the world she received the 1979 Nobel Peace Prize.", "In January, 2012, documents obtained by an investigative journalist working at SF Weekly, a successful alternative weekly newspaper in San Francisco, California, revealed that an Albanian nun, Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu, better known to the world today as Mother Teresa of Calcutta (1910-1997), supported and praised a Catholic priest knowing that he was an accused serial abuser of young boys in his care. He was Fr. Donald McGuire, and he was associated with Mother Teresa and her nuns since 1981. He was subsequently appointed a confessor and spiritual advisor to Mother Teresa and her religious order, the Missionaries of Charity.", "This book is based heavily on the first complete biography of Mother Teresa published in the Albanian language, written by Lush Gjergji, an Albanian priest and journalist, who is a cousin of Mother Teresa. Porter has expanded much of the original work, adding background material and his own comments. Includes black-and-white photographs and an epilogue", "Mother Teresa �The Angel of Mercy �was born in Albania (now Macedonia) on 26th August 1910. Her original name was Agnes Gonxa Bojaxhiu.", "Mother Teresa was born on 27 August 1910 in a small town called Skopje, which is in modern-day Macedonia, in Eastern Europe. She was christened Agnes Bojaxhiu and grew up in a very Catholic home. As a small child she heard stories of the work that Catholic missionaries did with poor people in India and she was inspired by those stories. She decided to become a missionary nun herself.", "She was the only child of Ernest Richard Hartley, an English broker, and his wife, Gertrude Mary Frances (née Yackjee; she also used her mother's maiden name of Robinson). Her father was born in Scotland in 1882, while her mother, a devout Roman Catholic, was born in Darjeeling in 1888 and may have been of Irish and Parsi Indian ancestry. Gertrude's parents, who lived in India, were Michael John Yackjee (born 1840), a man of independent means, and Mary Teresa Robinson (born 1856), who was born to an Irish family killed during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and grew up in an orphanage, where she met Yackjee; they married in 1872 and had five children, of whom Gertrude was the youngest. Ernest and Gertrude Hartley were married in 1912 in Kensington, London. Read Less", "Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu was born to Albanian parents in Skopje, in what is now Macedonia, on Aug. 26, 1910. At 18, she became a nun and took the name Sister Teresa after Saint Teresa of Lisieux, the patroness of missionaries. She said it was in 1946 that she heard a voice from God, calling on her to serve the poorest of the poor. Soon after, she began ministering to Calcutta's downtrodden, opening her Nirmal Hriday, or \"Pure Heart,\" clinic.", "(1910-97). One of the most highly respected women in the world, Saint Mother Teresa was internationally known for her charitable work among the victims of poverty and neglect-particularly in the slums of Calcutta (now Kolkata), India. She is also called Saint Teresa of Calcutta. In 1979 she was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in recognition of her humanitarian efforts. She also received the Jewel of India, India’s highest civilian medal, as well as honorary degrees from academic institutions worldwide. The Roman Catholic Church declared her a saint in 2016.", "Mother Teresa of Calcutta (Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu) (1910 - 1997). Nobel Peace Prize...Mother Teresa of Calcutta (Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu) (1910 - 1997). Nobel Peace Prize winner in 1979 and founder of the order, Missionaries of Charity. She is addressing an audience at St James' Church, Piccadilly, London in a prayer for peace in Northern Ireland. LessMore", "The author of this work has been a Co-Worker of Mother Teresa since 1955 and has known her personally for years. This is the definitive, in-depth account of Mother Teresa's life and the spirit behind her work. Black-and-white photographs. Appendices include dates and institutions of the Missionary Sisters and Brothers of Charity Worldwide and U.S.A., and of the International Association of Co-Workers of Mother Teresa. Index", "* Actress Geraldine Chaplin played Mother Teresa in Mother Teresa: In the Name of God's Poor which won an 1997 Art Film Festival award. ", "* Mother Teresa was played by Juliet Stevenson in the 2014 film The Letters which is heavily based on her letters to Vatican priest Celeste van Exem.", "A controversial figure during her life and after her death , Teresa was admired by many for her charitable work. She was praised and criticised for her opposition to abortion , and criticised for poor conditions in her houses for the dying. Her authorised biography was written by Navin Chawla and published in 1992, and she has been the subject of films and other books .", "In 1979, Teresa received the Nobel Peace Prize \"for work undertaken in the struggle to overcome poverty and distress, which also constitutes a threat to peace\". [105] She refused the conventional ceremonial banquet for laureates, asking that its $192,000 cost be given to the poor in India [106] and saying that earthly rewards were important only if they helped her to help the world's needy. When Teresa received the prize she was asked, \"What can we do to promote world peace?\" She answered, \"Go home and love your family.\" Building on this theme in her Nobel lecture , she said: \"Around the world, not only in the poor countries, but I found the poverty of the West so much more difficult to remove. When I pick up a person from the street, hungry, I give him a plate of rice, a piece of bread, I have satisfied. I have removed that hunger. But a person that is shut out, that feels unwanted, unloved, terrified, the person that has been thrown out from society—that poverty is so hurtable [ sic ] and so much, and I find that very difficult.\" Teresa singled out abortion as \"the greatest destroyer of peace today. Because if a mother can kill her own child—what is left for me to kill you and you kill me—there is nothing between.\" [107]", "And so it was on September 23, 1955, Mother Teresa opened the first Shishu Bhavan, a home for children. Located near Creek Lane, and just a short walk from the Mother House, the small unpainted bungalow was the first of several children�s homes established by the Missionaries of Charity. Mother Teresa never turned away a child, even if it meant that infants slept three to a cot." ]

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[ "\"I'm Telling You Now\" is a song by Freddie Garrity and Mitch Murray, originally performed by Freddie and the Dreamers that hit number one on the American Billboard Hot 100 in 1965. Murray also wrote songs for other British artists during the 1960s, including Gerry and the Pacemakers, Manfred Mann, and Georgie Fame. \"I'm Telling You Now\" was first released in 1963 on Capitol Records, USA/Canada and on Columbia, UK/India/Netherlands/Sweden, and was not successful. Two years later, Capitol's subsidiary, Tower Records, re-released the song, which became extremely popular, and propelled Freddie and the Dreamers to pop-music stardom.", "illy, Don't Be a Hero\" was a tale about the Civil War, composed by two British songwriters. Mitch Murray had already scored a number one single in America with Freddie and the Dreamers (\"I'm Telling You Now\") as well as hits by Gerry and the Pacemakers (\"How Do You Do It,\" \"I Like It\"). His partner Peter Callander had written for Cliff Richard, Sandie Shaw and Tom Jones, among others. After collaborating for six years, they formed their own British company in 1974, Bus Stop Records. One of the first acts signed to the label was a group from Nottingham, Paper Lace.", "1942, Born on this day, Derek Quinn, Freddie and the Dreamers, (1963 UK No.3 single 'You Were Made For Me', 1965 US No.1 single 'I'm Telling You Now').", "It was a single that I remember, growing up, as being in all of my friends' parents' record collections. On the black RCA label, in its maroon and white sleeve, It's Now Or Never had been the biggest international hit of Elvis Presley's career, eventually selling an astonishing 25 million copies worldwide. It had been number one in America over the summer of 1960, but British fans had to wait until just before Christmas 1960 to get a copy – this led to huge advance orders and the single entered the charts at number one, back in the days when this was an extraordinarily rare achievement.", "Pat Boone - Charles Eugene \"Pat\" Boone (born June 1, 1934) is an American singer, actor and writer who was one of the biggest stars in the United States and the world in the 1950s. He sold over 45 million albums, had 38 top-40 hits and starred in over 12 popular Hollywood movies. Boone's talent as a singer and actor, his all-american good looks, his charisma and his old-fashioned values all contributed to his status as an American icon. He was an international superstar during the 1950s and 1960s and continues to entertain and perform today, at age 74. Boone was very successful in multiple ways. He hosted a very popular network TV show, \"The Pat Boone Chevy Show\" from 1957-1959. He has written many books and had a No. 1 Bestseller in the 1950s (\"Twixt Twelve and Twenty\", Prentice-Hall). His cover versions of African-American rhythm and blues hits had a noticeable impact on the development of the broad popularity of rock and roll. During his tours in the 1950s, Elvis Presley was one of his opening acts. In the 1960s, he focused on gospel music and is a member of the Gospel Music Hall of Fame. Many today believe strongly that he should be a member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, including Mike Curb, founder of Curb Records. Boone still holds the Billboard record for spending 220 consecutive weeks on the charts with more than one song. ' Artist Discography '", "Petula Clark - born 15 November 1932, is an English singer, actress and composer best known for her upbeat popular international hits of the 1960s, including \"Downtown\", \"I Know a Place\", \"My Love\". \"Colour My World\", \"A Sign of the Times\" and \"Don't Sleep in the Subway\". With more than 70 million records sold worldwide, she is the most successful British female solo recording artist and is cited as such in the Guinness Book of World Records. She also holds the distinction of having the longest span on the UK pop charts of any British female artist — 54 years — from 1954, when \"The Little Shoemaker\" made the UK Top Twenty, to 2008, when her CD Then & Now: The Very Best of Petula Clark debuted at #17 on the UK Albums Chart .Throughout the forties and fifties Petula was a regular guest on a vast number of radio shows and became something of a television \"pioneer\" in England, first appearing on experimental TV in the forties and later as host of several of her own television series during the very early years of British programming, with Pet's Parlour being her longest running and most popular. Although she sang regularly in concert, on radio and TV all through the forties, it wasn't until 1949 that she recorded her first song Music, Music, Music and that pretty much sums up her very prolific recording career. ' Artist Discography '", "Born on January 24, 1941, in Brooklyn, New York, Neil Leslie Diamond was is best known as a successful pop music singer who scored a number of hits during the 1960s, '70s and '80s. Diamond wrote the hits \"I'm A Believer\" (1966) and \"A Little Bit Me, A Little Bit You\" (1967) for the Monkees, and had his own first No. 1 hit with \"Cracklin' Rosie\" (1970).", "Philadelphia producer Bob Crewe started working with the Seasons in 1962, and his contributions would be inestimable in the following years. Not only did he produce all of their big '60s hits, but he would write much of their material in collaboration with group member Bob Gaudio. It was Valli's near-soprano, though, that dominated their number one hit \"Sherry,\" as it would on the rest of their hits. \"Big Girls Don't Cry,\" \"Walk Like a Man,\" and \"Candy Girl\" all followed within the next year -- big smashes all, the first two (like \"Sherry\") featuring stomping, almost martial handclaps. \"Candy Girl\" offered evidence of versatility, with its samba-like rhythms and glissando flourishes.", "The year 1966 brought several new artists to Fontana, two of which debuted with #1 hits in the US. The earlier of these was the Troggs, whose classic version of American songwriter Chip Taylor's \"Wild Thing\" [Fontana 1548] made #1 over the summer. The Troggs came from Andover in England. Lead singer Reg Presley (nee Reginald Maurice Ball) had been a bass player in the original band called the Troggs, but the band lost half of their personnel and combined with another band (Ten Feet Five) who had similar personnel problems. Ten Feet Five (five members had ten feet altogether) provided bassist Peter Staples and guitarist Chris Britton. The new amalgamation was left with two bassists and no drummer, so Presley stepped up to the microphone and they recruited Ronnie Bond (nee Bullis) to play drums. Presley's conversion to lead singer proved to be a good move, as his sneer came through both on stage and on record as \"an arrogant attitude,\" which became a sort of trademark of the group.", "Lynn released her first Decca single, \"Success,\" in 1962, and it went straight to #6, beginning a string of Top 10 singles that would run through the rest of the decade and throughout the next. She was a hard honky-tonk singer for the first half of the 1960s and rarely strayed from the genre. Between this time, Lynn soon began to regularly hit the Top 10 after 1964 with \"Before I'm Over You\", which peaked at No. 4, followed by \"Wine, Women and Song,\" which peaked at No. 3. In late 1964, she recorded a duet album with Ernest Tubb. Their lead single, \"Mr. and Mrs. Used to Be\", peaked within the Top 15. Together, the pair recorded two more albums, \"Singin' Again\" (1967) and \"If we Put Our Heads Together\" (1969). In 1965, her solo career continued with three major hits, \"Happy Birthday\", \"Blue Kentucky Girl\" (later recorded and made a Top 10 hit in the 1970s by Emmylou Harris), and \"The Home You're Tearing Down\". Lynn's label issued two albums that year, \"Songs from My Heart\" and \"Blue Kentucky Girl\". While most were Top 10 Country hits, none reached #1.", "This was his follow-up to \"Stuck On You\" (song 32) which had been a number three hit in April 1960.  Written by the classic Rock 'n' Roll songwriters Pomus & Shuman, it confirmed that Presley's two years away in the US Army had not diminished his popularity in the UK.  The record peaked at a lowly number 32 on the American charts, but that was because the song was only a B-side to \"It's Now Or Never\" - number one in the USA and later in the UK as well.  ", "Following McPhatter's departure in 1956, Treadwell ran through six different lead singers in two years before firing the entire group in 1958 and starting over from scratch. Version 2.0 of the Drifters was a group centered around lead singer Benjamin Nelson and originally called the Five Crowns. With that group taking on the new name \"the Drifters,\" and with Nelson changing his to Ben E. King, a new era of success for the group began. Placed in the hands of producer Jerry Lieber and Mike Stoller by their label, Atlantic Records, these new Drifters scored immediate hits with \"There Goes My Baby\" (1959) and \"This Magic Moment\" (1960) followed by the song that topped the Billboard pop charts on this day in 1960, \"Save The Last Dance For Me.\"", "Her last top ten single on the pop charts in the United States was 1963's \"Losing You\" (No.6), though she continued to have other chart hits such as 1964's \"As Usual\" (which peaked at No.12 in the US and made No.5 in the UK), her 1966 song \"Coming on Strong\" (which peaked at No.11 in the US) and \"Is It True\" (No.17 in both the US and the UK) in 1964. The latter, featuring Big Jim Sullivan, Jimmy Page on guitars, Bobby Graham on drums, was her only hit single recorded in London, England, and was produced by Mickie Most (but the slide guitar and background singers were overdubbed in Nashville). It was recorded at Decca Records' number two studio at their West Hampstead complex, as was the UK B-side, a version of Ray Charles' 1959 classic cut, \"What'd I Say?\", which wasn't released in America. The A-side \"Is It True?\" was composed by noted British songwriting team Ken Lewis (b: 120340; d: 080215) and John Carter, who were also members of UK hitmakers the Ivy League.", "From the same session as “It’s Now or Never”, and a No 2 hit in the UK in 1960. Another Pomus/Shuman classic and an early reminder that, even with his hair still shaved army-style, the King still had it.", "Bessie Banks later commented:I remember 1963 Kennedy was assassinated; it was announced over the radio. At the time, I was rehearsing in the office of Leiber and Stoller. We called it a day. Everyone was in tears. \"Come back next week and we will be ready to record 'Go Now'\"; and we did so. I was happy and excited that maybe this time I’ll make it. 'Go Now' was released in January 1964, and right away it was chosen Pick Hit of the Week on W.I.N.S. Radio. That means your record is played for seven days. Four days went by, I was so thrilled. On day five, when I heard the first line, I thought it was me, but all of a sudden, I realized it wasn’t. At the end of the song it was announced, \"The Moody Blues singing 'Go Now'.\" I was too out-done. This was the time of the English Invasion and the end of Bessie Banks’ career, so I thought. America's DJs had stopped promoting American artists.", "\"Then You Can Tell Me Goodbye\" was a pop hit for One-Hit Wonder act The Casinos in the 1960s. One year after its release, Eddy Arnold had a #1 country hit with it, and Neal McCoy sent a cover to #4 in 1996. But before all that, its writer, John D. Loudermilk, recorded it.", "During the sixties, with King writing the music and Goffin the lyrics, the two wrote a string of classic songs for a variety of artists. King and Goffin were also the songwriting team behind Don Kirshner's Dimension Records, which produced songs including \"Chains\" (later covered by the Beatles), \"The Loco-Motion\" for their babysitter Little Eva, and \"It Might as Well Rain Until September\" which King recorded herself in 1962—her first hit. King would record a few follow-up singles in the wake of \"September\", but none of them sold much, and her already sporadic recording career was entirely abandoned (albeit temporarily) by 1966.", "In early 1960 the Drifters came out with \"Dance With Me\", which reached #15 on the pop chart and #2 R&B. \"This Magic Moment\" reached #16 on the pop chart, and their classic rendition of Doc Pomus' poignant \" Save The Last Dance For Me \" became a major international pop hit, reaching #1 in the USA and #2 in the UK. However, in May 1960, after only one year and just 10 recordings with the Drifters, lead singer Benjamin Nelson left the group due to a dispute with manager George Treadwell. Assuming the stage name Ben E. King , he launched a successful solo career, although the Drifters went on to score several more big hits.", "In the early 60's, Cliff Richard came second with \"Congratulations\". Who came first: what was the song and what year???", "His other Top 20 singles included ''Hats Off to Larry'' (1961), ''Little Town Flirt'' (1962) and ''Keep Searchin' '' (1965). He became the first American to record a John Lennon-Paul McCartney song with his 1963 version of ''From Me to You.''", "On 18 June 1940, country duo Bob Atcher and Bonnie Blue Eyes recorded Red River Dave's number and released it with the title \"(I Won't Care) A Hundred Years From Now,\" firstly on Okeh 05755 and later on Conqueror 9595 and Columbia 37751. The label specifically credits \"McEnery\" as the songwriter.", "“Hold On, I’m A-Comin” (R&B#1/Pop#21), released in March 1966, was the first Sam and Dave record to make a significant impact on the pop charts. It was also the first Sam and Dave single where the higher voiced Sam Moore took over primary lead vocals on the first verse and the deeper, rougher voiced Dave Prater was given the “response” role and second verse (at Hayes and Porter’s suggestion.) The duo stayed with this winning formula on most of their future songs.", "• Jerry Butler - Make It Easy On Yourself (1962): Jerry Butler - Whatever You Want - The Best Of Jerry Butler", "1943 ● Chris Montez (Ezekiel Christopher Montanez) → One hit wonder rock ‘n roll singer, “Let’s Dance” (#4, 1962), then MOR-pop balladeer, “Call Me” (Easy Listening #2, 1966)", "\"Do You Know The Way To San Jose\", Originally by Dionne Warwick , Remade by Frankie Goes To Hollywood", "Musician. Best known as the lead vocalist for the music ensemble \"Bo Donaldson and the Heywoods\". They scored a gold record with \"Billy, Don't Be a Hero\" in 1974.", "Billy J. Kramer & The Dakotas - Do You Want To Know A Secret - 05-63", "His cover of \"If I Had a Hammer\" from his first album, which was released in 1963, made it to #3 on the charts, eventually earning a gold disc with sales exceeding one million copies. His other big hits were \"Lemon Tree\" and \"I'm Comin' Home, Cindy\", both of which made it to #2 on the Easy Listening chart, and \"Michael\", \"Gonna Get Along Without Ya Now\" and \"The Bramble Bush\", which made it to $7, #6 and #4, respectively.", "1968 saw two major hits, \"World\" and \"I Gotta Get a Message to You\". These are the band's golden years before any of their unforgettable disco hits.", "*Stop the World – I Want to Get Off (with Newley) (1961) – includes \"Once in a Lifetime\" and \"What Kind of Fool Am I?\"", "He was signed to Immediate Records in 1965 and his first single for the label was “The Fool” b/w “Treat Her Good”", "performer: \"WAITIN' FOR THE TRAIN TO COME IN\" 1945, \"WHY DON'T YOU DO RIGHT? GET ME SOME MONEY TOO\" 1947" ]

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[ "Guernsey plates consist of up to six digits, with no letters. Plates may be either silver on a black background, or black on the white/yellow backgrounds as in the UK. An oval containing the letters 'GBG', the island's international vehicle registration, is sometimes included. Plates with lower numbers are of a higher value.", "The country in which a motor vehicle's vehicle registration plate was issued is indicated by an international licence plate country code, formerly known as an International Registration Letter or International Circulation Mark, displayed in bold block uppercase on a small white oval plate or sticker near the number plate on the rear of a vehicle.", "Guernsey has its own separate international vehicle registrations (GBG – Guernsey, GBA – Alderney), internet domain ( .gg – Guernsey), and ISO 3166-2 codes, first reserved on behalf of the Universal Postal Union (GGY – Guernsey) and then added officially by the International Organization for Standardization on 29 March 2006. In any case the GBG on a numberplate is only put on the number plate of a car or motorbike at the request of the vehicle owner and is not compulsory, however a motorbike/scooter can have an identical number as a car, i.e. 5432 on 2 wheels and on 4 wheels.", "Each plate has 2 white letters (AT, CD or CC) on a colored background (green or blue) on the left hand side, while other characters have a black lettering on a white background. The first 2 characters of the registration represent the Canton’s code and they are followed by a serial number bearing up to 3 numerals and an additional number representing the embassy or the organization to which the vehicle belongs to.  The AT code stands for administrative and technical staff of the embassies located in the Bern canton. The blue color corresponds to the international institutions and permanent missions, as the green color is dedicated to embassies located in Bern.", "The Act stated that all motor vehicles used on the roads after 1 January 1904 had to be registered with the appropriate local council or county borough. Each authority was allocated a set of letters to use for their area, for example London was given A, Lancashire B etc. When single letters ran out, two were used – AA for Hampshire, AB for Worcestershire and so on. Letters thought to cause offence, such as BF, DF and the royal cypher, ER, were omitted. Each set of letters was followed by a series of up to four numbers. Separate registers were kept for ordinary cars, lorries/buses and motorcycles. One discrepancy that arose from this was that a car and a motorcycle could be allocated the same number.", "The Bahamas country code 1-242 will allow you to call Bahamas from another country. Bahamas telephone code 1-242 is dialed after the IDD. Bahamas international dialing 1-242 is followed by an area code.", "Personalised plates, have recently become available that allow motorists to choose any seven letters, overlaid on a map of the island with \"Bermuda\" printed across the top, on a plate of identical dimensions to plates from the United States & Canada. Similar sized plates are used for classic cars, designated by a preceding 'CL'.", "Personalised plates, have recently become available that allow motorists to choose any seven letters, overlaid on a map of the island with \"Bermuda\" printed across the top, on a plate of identical dimensions to plates from the United States and Canada. Similar sized plates are used for classic cars, designated by a preceding 'CL'.", "Bahamas: island group of British West Indies, British Commonwealth Independent State; currency: 12 pence = 1 shilling; 20 shillings = 1 pound, 100 cents = 1 dollar (1966), 1760s: letters known, 1763: became a British colony, 1804: Bahamas straight line cancel used, 1841: \"Crown Paid\" handstamp initiated by Royal Mail Line, 1858-59, Apr.: stamps of Great Britain used, 1859, June 10: \"Interinsular Postage\" inter-island mail inscription for first stamps issued since external mails were under control of London until May 1860, 1860: No.1, 1 penny dull lake; first stamp, 1860, May: \"Interinsular Postage\" inscription removed from stamps, 1863: Bahamas inscription used, 1915-16: Bahamas stamps sold in Canada, 1916: first special delivery stamp, 1917, May 18: first semipostal stamp, 1918, Feb. 21: first War Tax stamp issued, 1964, Jan. 7: internal self-government, 1973, July 10: independence, 1974, April 24: joined UPU. 1983, Oct. 13: first air mail stamp issued", "registered in other countries: 241 (Bahamas 15, Cyprus 1, France 5, Greece 3, Hong Kong 20, Isle of Man 7, Liberia 4, Malta 15, Marshall Islands 35, Netherlands 1, Norway 24, Panama 27, Philippines 47, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1, Singapore 25, UK 6, US 5) (2010)", "Yellow plates are issued to motorcycles and large vehicles, such as coaches and buses. Black plates are issued to vehicles belong to diplomatic missions and foreigners (including Hong Kong and Macau). Vehicles registered in Hong Kong or Macau and are permitted to enter China would be required a separate black plate from China as Hong Kong and Macau operate their own vehicles registration system. The Chinese plates for these cars followed the pattern of the provincial character for Guangdong (粤), the Latin letter \"Z\", 4 letters and/or numbers, ending in the abbreviated character for the territory (e.g. 港 for Hong Kong and 澳 for Macau).", "The International Distinguishing Sign is an oval standardized sign composed of three black capital letters on a white background, indicating where the vehicle is registered.", "Normal vehicles have number plates starting with the letter B, followed by three digits, followed by three letters. The digits and letters are assigned by a registrar. The three letters never include the letter Q, to avoid confusion with O. Botswana number plates have either a reflective white front and yellow rear background, and black lettering.", "Since 1979 cars operated by foreign embassies, high commissions, consular staff, and various international organisations have been given plates with a distinguishing format of three numbers, one letter, three numbers. The letter is D for diplomats or X for accredited non-diplomatic staff. The first group of three numbers identifies the country or organisation to whom the plate has been issued, the second group of three numbers is a serial number, starting at 101 for diplomats (although some embassies were erroneously issued 100), 400 for non-diplomatic staff of international organisations, and 700 for consular staff. Thus, for example, 101 D 101 identifies the first plate allocated to the Afghan embassy, 900 X 400 is the first plate allocated to the Commonwealth Secretariat.", "Car for use in (country): Date Required:. I am interested in: 8(K) Series fj New 600 Series Q 400 Series fj 2(X) Saloon fj 200 Coupe 200 Cabriolet FJ Montcgo Estate Q Metro fj Mini Q) Land Rover Defender Land Rover Discovery G Range Rover Q TAX FREE FOR EXPORT fj TAX PAID FOR I'K USE Post to SCE Ltd, FRHEPOST. Faringdon, Oxon SN: 5BR (No stamp required if mailed in IK or BFPO).", "Within the United Kingdom, motorists with vehicles registered in Great Britain may use number plates featuring the national flag of England, Scotland and Wales, or alternatively the Union Flag, together with the code name \"ENG\" for England, \"SCO\" for Scotland, \"Wales\" or \"CYM\" for Wales, \"GB\" for Great Britain or \"UK\" for United Kingdom respectively. Although not officially recognised outside the UK, they are authorised by the nation's Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency. However, motorists with vehicles registered in Northern Ireland fall within the jurisdiction of the Driver & Vehicle Agency, which does not permit the letters NI to appear alongside any flag; only the Union Flag alongside GB/UK or the EU format (featuring in this case the letters GB), being optionally permitted. The British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar, unlike the Crown dependencies of Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man, counts as part of the EU and, therefore, uses number plates in the EU format.", "registered in other countries: 207 (Antigua and Barbuda 1, Bahamas 4, Barbados 7, Bermuda 20, Cook Islands 8, Cyprus 2, Denmark 6, Finland 2, France 9, Germany 1, Gibraltar 13, Isle of Man 1, Italy 1, Liberia 10, Malaysia 3, Malta 2, Marshall Islands 1, Netherlands 28, Netherlands Antilles 1, Norway 31, Norway 3, Panama 6, Portugal 3, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2, Singapore 20, UK 17, US 5) (2008)", "This is commercial towing vehicle Nostromo out of the Solomons. Registration number 180924609 calling Antarctica Traffic Control. Do you read me? Over.", "* Jersey (GBJ): J followed by up to six digits (JSY vanity plates are also issued);", "Government vehicles all have the prefix \"BX\" - these number plates have a white reflective background with red lettering at the front and white on red at the rear. After 'BX' is the last two numerals of the date of issue and then up to four serial numbers.", "In the United States, 19 states – Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, and West Virginia – do not require an official front licence plate, nor do the U.S. Virgin Islands or the commonwealth of Puerto Rico. In 2004, Puerto Rico established the designs of the United States plates and the requirements of the United States plates. In Nevada, front plates are optional if the vehicle was not designed for a front plate and the manufacturer did not provide an add-on bracket or other means of displaying the front plate. In Massachusetts, certain old rear-only plates are grandfathered, but newly issued registrations require both front and rear plates. Vehicles owned by the United States Postal Service, unlike other federally owned civilian vehicles, do not bear licence plates, but rather a postal service number such as on the Grumman LLV. ", "It is a requirement of The Government of The Bahamas that all boats/skis to be used privately, must be registered. The registration process at the Port Department is one designed to assist the private boat owners in getting their licences in an efficient manner.", "Jersey (GBJ) - J followed by up to seven digits (JSY vanity plates are also issued);", "Cars belonging to foreigners and imported into Bulgaria for a limited period of time are light blue with white characters, starting with \"ХХ\", followed by four (semantically meaningless) digits and two small digits denoting the expiry year.", "Yellow plates are issued for large vehicles of Chinese nationality. Blue plates, the most common sort, are issued for vehicles of Chinese nationality, which are small or compact in size. Black plates are issued for vehicles belonging to foreigners and persons from Hong Kong and Macau . Please note this is the license plates for the car originated from Hong Kong or Macau and traveling in mainland China, which means the car has two sets of license plates, this one for use in mainland China, while the other one is the original Hong Kong/Macau license, which is totally different from this numbering system and colors. And it is not easy to get two licenses on the car unless the owner has significant investment in mainland China. For other Hong Kong / Macau cars which have just one license, they can only operate in Hong Kong or Macau respectively. The mainland Chinese plates of these cars follow the pattern of the provincial character for Guangdong (粤), the Latin letter \"Z\", 4 letters and/or numbers, ending in the abbreviated character for the territory (e.g. 粤Z-AE54港 for Hong Kong) (Black license plates are handed to vehicles of any size, as long as they are from one of the special administrative regions.)", "Below is an extensive listing of all independent countries of the world and their international car code.", "BritisH MoBiLe MeCHAniCs Fully qualified. Home visits. No call-out charge. Guaranteed, reasonably priced servicing and repairs for all car makes. For ITVs we come to you. For more info: 951400189, or mobile 695913592 (157)p www.mbcmechanics.com ---------------------------------------------eMBArgos or finance no (0)ghf problem. 618808837 ---------------------------------------------CAr trAnsfers and imports, problems with embargos or road tax, same day collection or papers. (0)ghf 633271274", "See main article: Roads in Jersey . Each of the three largest islands has a distinct vehicle registration scheme:", "Driving.   The traffic system is as in the UK, with driving on the left side of the road.  However most vehicles are imported from the USA, and therefore have the steering wheel on the left side.  There are no traffic lights.  The top speed allowed is 40 m.p.h.  Foreign driving licences are legitimate for a period of 30 days, and are accepted as the basis of issue of a Turks & Caicos licence.", "We represent Chana Automobile Co. which produces light commercial vehicles and small to medium size buses. Weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve been representing them for about four years now. We also represent King Long full size buses which are used for City Bus operations.", "Vehicles from the UK may be imported into Cyprus for up to 6 months in any period of 12 months. When driving in Cyprus the following documents should be carried:", "Nassau/New Providence have a system of buses called jitneys, discussed in the Nassau article. Bus travel on the other islands (with the exception of Grand Bahama) is very limited." ]

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[ "<biography, history of philosophy> german-american political philosopher associated with the Frankfurt School (1898-1979). Author of Eros and Civilization (1955) and One-Dimensional Man (1964). Marcuse combined Marx's economic analysis with Freudian psychology in an effort to show that a fundamental social transformation could liberate individual human beings from the alienation and repression that characterize patriarchal capitalist societies.", "Eros and civilization is a piece of literary work done by one Herbert Marcuse who was a German philosopher who lived in the 20th century. The literature revolves around a critique approach to Freud's sociological titled 'civilization and its discontents.' Marcuse begins by giving an elaborate description of biology, which he argues is a fight against suppression of instincts, hence is a force that tries to bring out the best of intuition or the sixth sense as many call it. He continues to argue that capitalism, which is the economic lifestyle that has overtaken society, is up in arms trying all it can to prevent us from reaching the level of a non-repressive society. Herbert continues to say that the theory put forth by Freud that repression is a necessary condition if civilization is to survive in the current. On the contrary, Herbert thinks that Eros is more superficial, constructive and liberating (Herbert, p.16).", "Herbert Marcuse(1898-1979) was born in Berlin and educated at the universities of Berlin and Freiburg. He fled Germany in 1933 and arrived in the United States in 1934. Marcuse taught at Columbia, Harvard, Brandeis, and the University of California, San Diego, where he met Andrew Feenberg and William Leiss as graduate students. He is the author of numerous books, including\"One-Dimensional Man\"and\"Eros and Civilization.\"\" --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.", "Although Marcuse had read Freud in the 1920s and 1930s, his serious engagement did not begin until the 1950s. Marcuse was invited to give a series of lectures in 1950–51 by the Washington School of Psychiatry. The result of this engagement was one of Marcuse's most famous books, Eros and Civilization: A Philosophical Inquiry into Freud. Marcuse's book is a response to the pessimism of Freud's Civilization and its Discontents (1930 [1961]). Freud's book paints a bleak picture of the evolution of civilization as the evolution of greater and greater repression from which there seems to be no escape. The death and life instincts are engaged in a battle for dominance with no clear winner in sight. According to Marcuse, Freud fails to develop the emancipatory possibility of his own theory. Marcuse's task is two-fold. First, he must show that human instincts or drives are not merely biological and fixed, but rather, are social, historical, and malleable. Secondly, he must show that the repressive society also produces the possibility of the abolition of repression (Marcuse 1955: 5).", "Although Eros and Civilization is one of Marcuse's more optimistic works and it offered a new and radical interpretation of Freud as well, it is not without controversy. Marcuse's attempt to make Freud's drive theory central to an emancipatory critical theory drew criticisms from several sources. I will discuss the response by some feminists in a later section.", "Robert Young, in a 1969 New Statesman review, called Marcuse's philosophy a merger of Freud and Marx that provided an \"eroticized Marx.\" Psychoanalyst Erich Fromm, however, considered Eros and Civilization an incompetent distortion of Freud. Literary critic Frederick Crews argued that Marcuse's proposed liberation of instinct was not a real challenge to the status quo, since by taking the position that such a liberation could only be attempted \"after culture has done its work and created the mankind and the world that could be free\", Marcuse was accommodating society's institutions. Crews found Marcuse to be guilty of sentimentalism. Psychotherapist Joel D. Hencken writes that Eros and Civilization is an \"interesting precursor\" to a \"study of the psychological processes in the internalization of oppression\", but that aspects of the work have unfortunately limited its audience. ", "Sexual desire is theme that is sharply projected in Herbert's work of Eros and civilization. To Marcuse, the ability to freely express and satisfy sexual desires equate to human liberation. This, he says, has become a preserve for the rich and the elite, while the poor and the less educated are left with nothing but alienated labor that forces them to suppress their desires, with a false hope of becoming civilized. He adopts the Marxist approach and advocates that human beings should adopt play, phantasm and art in order to be able to fully express their real needs and desires. Marcuse sees human beings as the vessels of abundance, with the full potential of gratification of energies and other faculties of existence. Non-repressive civilization is a concept that Marcuse is fond of referring to, having borrowed the idea from Marx, with a great emphasis on sexual liberation.", "Marxist writer Paul Mattick reviewed Eros and Civilization in Western Socialist, writing that Marcuse \"renews the endeavor to read Marx into Freud\", following the unsuccessful attempts of Wilhelm Reich. Brown, a classicist, commended the work in Life Against Death (1959), calling it \"the first book, after...Reich's ill-fated adventures, to reopen the possibility of the abolition of repression.\" ", "Culture, two purposes of: to protect us against nature, and to regulate our affairs with each other. To adapt to life in a culture, one must repress one's drives (repress one's sexuality and aggression, displacing the second onto suitable targets outside the culture and sublimating the first into other achievements). \"Man is a savage beast,\" and to repeat a quotation from Plautus which Freud liked, \"Homo homini lupus\" (\"Man is a wolf to man\"--written, presumably, by a wolf). So Eros and Ananke (Love and Necessity) are the parents of civilization, and social restrictions on sexuality are unavoidable.", "Marcuse argues that \"the irreconcilable conflict is not between work (reality principle - life without leisure) and Eros (pleasure principle - leisure and pleasure), but between alienated labour (performance principle - economic stratification) and Eros.\" Sex is allowed for \"the betters\" (capitalists and others in power), and for workers only when not disturbing performance. Marcuse believes that a socialist society could be a society without needing the performance of the \"poor\" and without as strong a suppression of our sexual drives: it could replace \"alienated labor\" with \"non-alienated libidinal work\" resulting in \"a non-repressive civilization based on 'non-repressive sublimation'\".", "One-Dimensional Man is a further analysis of the worry at the center of Reason and Revolution, the whittling down of critical or negative thinking. As we saw earlier, negative thinking is two-dimensional as it sees the contradictions by which society is constituted and it is aware of forces of domination. The person who thinks critically demands social change. One-dimensional thinking does not demand change nor does it recognize the degree to which the individual is a victim of forces of domination in society.", "Socrates is one of the few individuals whom one could say has so-shaped the cultural and intellectual development of the world that, without him, history would be profoundly different.  He is best known for his association with the Socratic method of question and answer, his claim that he was ignorant (or aware of his own absence of knowledge), and his claim that the unexamined life is not worth living, for human beings. He was the inspiration for Plato, the thinker widely held to be the founder of the Western philosophical tradition.  Plato in turn served as the teacher of Aristotle, thus establishing the famous triad of ancient philosophers: Socrates, Plato , and Aristotle .  Unlike other philosophers of his time and ours, Socrates never wrote anything down but was committed to living simply and to interrogating the everyday views and popular opinions of those in his home city of Athens.  At the age of 70, he was put to death at the hands of his fellow citizens on charges of impiety and corruption of the youth.  His trial, along with the social and political context in which occurred, has warranted as much treatment from historians and classicists as his arguments and methods have from philosophers.", "Some modern scholarship holds that, with so much of his own thought obscured and possibly altered by Plato, it is impossible to gain a clear picture of Socrates amid all the contradictory evidence. That both Cynicism and Stoicism, which carried heavy influence from Socratic thought, were unlike or even contrary to Platonism further illustrates this. The ambiguity and lack of reliability serves as the modern basis of criticism—that it is nearly impossible to know the real Socrates. Some controversy also exists about Socrates' attitude towards homosexuality and as to whether or not he believed in the Olympian gods, was monotheistic, or held some other religious viewpoint. However, it is still commonly taught and held with little exception that Socrates is the progenitor of subsequent Western philosophy, to the point that philosophers before him are referred to as pre-Socratic.", "His main books are \"The Gay Science\", \"Thus Spoke Zarathustra\", \"Beyond Good and Evil\", \"Twilight of the Idols\" and the radical \"Antichrist\". Nietzsche analyzed foundations of values and morality through transformations of human nature and society. His contention that traditional values, religion and God, are not working in the modernized world, led to his conceptual statement: \"God is dead.\" In replacement of God comes his concept of a superman - a rational, secure and highly independent individual. He lists Jesus, Socrates, Leonardo da Vinci, Shakespeare, Goethe and Napoleon as models or prototypes of a superman. His idealistic superman was often misinterpreted as a role for a dictator in a totalitarian society. Nitzsche's goal for this concept was mainly individualistic because of his despise of any crowd and attention to him. He considered any crowd as a main source of lies and manipulations. According to Nietzsche it is the independence that allows a superman to be truly original and creative.", "GLOBALIZATION Manfred Steger HEGEL Peter Singer HEIDEGGER Michael Inwood HIEROGLYPHS Penelope Wilson HINDUISM Kim Knott HISTORY John H. Arnold HOBBES Richard Tuck HUME A. J. Ayer IDEOLOGY Michael Freeden Indian Philosophy Sue Hamilton Intelligence Ian J. Deary ISLAM Malise Ruthven JUDAISM Norman Solomon Jung Anthony Stevens KAFKA Ritchie Robertson KANT Roger Scruton KIERKEGAARD Patrick Gardiner THE KORAN Michael Cook LINGUISTICS Peter Matthews LITERARY THEORY Jonathan Culler LOCKE John Dunn LOGIC Graham Priest MACHIAVELLI Quentin Skinner MARX Peter Singer MATHEMATICS Timothy Gowers MEDIEVAL BRITAIN John Gillingham and Ralph A. Griffiths MODERN IRELAND Senia Pasˇeta MOLECULES Philip Ball MUSIC Nicholas Cook Myth Robert A. Segal NIETZSCHE Michael Tanner NINETEENTH-CENTURY BRITAIN Christopher Harvie and H. C. G. Matthew NORTHERN IRELAND Marc Mulholland PARTICLE PHYSICS Frank Close paul E. P. Sanders Philosophy Edward Craig PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Samir Okasha", "Beginning in the 1950s, Vlastos (1991, 45–80) recommended a set of mutually supportive premises that together provide a plausible framework in the analytic tradition for Socratic philosophy as a pursuit distinct from Platonic philosophy. Although the premises have deep roots in early attempts to solve the Socratic problem (see the supplementary document linked above), the beauty of Vlastos's particular configuration is its fecundity. The first premise marks a break with a tradition of regarding Plato as a dialectician who held his assumptions tentatively and revised them constantly; rather,", "Many historians have focused on these broad cultural spheres and have treated civilizations as discrete units. Early twentieth-century philosopher Oswald Spengler, uses the German word \"Kultur,\" \"culture,\" for what many call a \"civilization\". Spengler believes a civilization's coherence is based on a single primary cultural symbol. Cultures experience cycles of birth, life, decline, and death, often supplanted by a potent new culture, formed around a compelling new cultural symbol. Spengler states civilization is the beginning of the decline of a culture as, \"...the most external and artificial states of which a species of developed humanity is capable.\"", "Set of philosophical ideas whose principal modern advocate was Jean-Paul Sartre. The term existentialist is applied to plays by Sartre and others which illustrate these views. Sartre's central thesis was that there are no fixed standards or values by which one can live, and that each individual must create his or her own code of conduct regardless of conventions imposed by society.", "Yet Socrates’ reasoning about the soul at 78c-79a states an important feature of Plato’s middle period metaphysics, sometimes referred to as his “two-world theory.”  In this picture of reality, the world perceived by the senses is set against the world of Forms, with each world being populated by fundamentally different kinds of entities:", "Sorokin argued that the macro cultures in Western Civilization evolved through stages that could be understood in terms of their central meanings. At one end of a continuum, these underlying meanings were essentially sensate, that is reality was defined entirely in terms of the physical world and the truth of the senses. At the other end, reality was \"ideational,\" by which Sorokin meant spiritual in the sense that the eternal infinite spiritual reality is real, while the material world is an illusion. In this case truth of faith is the only truth. Halfway along this continuum was the \"idealistic\" point, where truth of faith and truth of senses were balanced through \"truth of reason.\" Sorokin identified seven types of culture mentality on the sensate-ideational continuum. Table 1 gives the main elements of the sensate, ideational and idealistic forms.", "Plotinus (ca. 204 - 270 CE) was a major philosopher of the ancient world. In his system of theory there are the three principles: the One, the Intellect, and the Soul.His teacher was Ammonius Saccas and he is of the Platonic tradition. Historians of the 19th century invented the term Neoplatonism and applied it to him and his philosophy which was influential in Late Antiquity. Much of the biographical information about Plotinus comes from Porphyry's preface to his edition of Plotinus' Enneads. His metaphysical writings have inspired centuries of Pagan, Christian, Jewish, Islamic and Gnostic metaphysicians and mystics.", "Before concluding with a prognosis of Sartre's philosophical relevance in the twenty-first century, let me note the several “biographies” that he produced of important literary figures in addition to his autobiography, Words. Each of these studies constitutes a form of existential psychoanalysis. The subject's literary production is submitted to a kind of “hermeneutic” in which the underlying life-project is uncovered. He begins to employ the progressive-regressive method in the late ‘50s whereby the historical and socioeconomic conditions of the subject are uncovered in a “regressive” argument from biographical and social facts to the conditions of their possibility followed by a “progressive” account of the subjects process of “personalization.” The most extensive, if not the most successful, of these “biographies” is his analysis of the life and times of Gustave Flaubert, The Family Idiot.", "This century represents the peak of a period in human history popularly known as Axial Age. This period saw the emergence of five major thought streams springing from five great thinkers in different parts of the world: Buddha and Mahavira in India, Zoroaster in Persia, Pythagoras in Greece and Confucius in China.", "�Thorough interpretations of civilizations are not given by Huntington, with one major exception. According to Huntington the essence of Western civilization is based on Greek rationalism, Roman law, Catholicism and Protestantism, the variety of European languages, the division of church and state power, rule of law, social pluralism, representative public bodies and individualism. With slight exaggeration he even argues that these characteristics are Western but not modern in the Western world. The essential characteristics of the West are much older.�", "*In 'The Myth of Sisyphus' the French existentialist Albert Camus comments that the age of thirty is a crucial period in the life of a man, for at that age he gains a new awareness of the meaning of time.", "* Feliks Koneczny in his work \"On the Plurality of Civilizations\" calls his study the science on civilizations. Civilizations fall not because they must or there exist some cyclical or a \"biological\" life span. There still exist two ancient civilizations Brahmin-Hindu and Chinese which by no means are ready to fall any time soon. Koneczny claimed that civilizations cannot be mixed into hybrids, an inferior civilization when given equal rights within a highly developed civilization will overcome it. One of Koneczny's claims in his study on civilizations is that \"a person cannot be civilized in two or more ways\" without falling into what he calls an \"abcivilized state\" (as in abnormal). He also stated that when two or more civilizations exist next to one another and as long as they are vital, they will be in an existential combat imposing its own \"method of organizing social life\" upon the other. Absorbing alien \"method of organizing social life\" that is civilization and giving it equal rights yields a process of decay and decomposition.", "philosopher who advocated governments forming to protect individual freedoms and liberties. Governments must have the approval of the people. Wrote Two Treatsies on Government. Natural Rights.", "Gordon, Lewis R.  Fanon and the Crisis of European Man: An Essay on Philosophy and the Human Sciences.  New York: Routledge, 1995.", "Parmenides attempted to distinguish between the unity of nature and its variety, insisting in the Way of Truth upon the reality of its unity, which is therefore the object of knowledge, and upon the unreality of its variety, which is therefore the object, not of knowledge, but of opinion. In the Way of Opinion he propounded a theory of the world of seeming and its development, pointing out however that, in accordance with the principles already laid down, these cosmological speculations do not pretend to anything more than mere appearance.", "Algerian-born French philosopher who developed the theory of deconstruction. His widely influential works include Speech and Phenomena, Writing and Difference, and Of Grammatology, all published in 1967.", "Wiener was not unaware of the ironies through which cybernetics would imperil the very liberal humanistic subject whose origins are enmeshed with self-regulating machinery. Throughout his mature writings, he struggled to reconcile the tradition of liberalism with the new cybernetic paradigm he was in the process of creating. When I think of him, I imagine him laboring mightily to construct the mirror of the cyborg. He stands proudly before this product of his reflection, urging us to look into it so we can see ourselves as control-communication devices, differing in no substantial regard from our mechanical brethren. Then he happens to glance over his shoulder, sees himself as a cyborg, and makes a horrified withdrawal. What assumptions underlie this intense ambivalence? What threads bind them together into something we might call a world view? How are the ambivalences negotiated, and when do they become so intense that the only way to resolve them is to withdraw? What can these complex negotiations tell us about he pleasures and dangers of the posthuman subjectivity that would soon displace the liberal humanist self?", "\"In the life of a man, his time is but a moment, his being an incessant flux, his senses a dim rushlight, his body a prey of worms, his soul an unquiet eddy, his fortune dark, and his fame doubtful. In short, all that is of the body is as coursing waters, all that is of the soul as dreams and vapours: life a warfare, a brief sojourning in an alien land; and after repute, oblivion. Where, then, can man find the power to guide and guard his steps? In one thing and one alone: philosophy.\"" ]

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[ "Pennsylvania was the 2nd state to ratify the U.S. constitution and gained statehood on December 12th, 1787. Pennsylvania is located in the Mid-Atlantic region of the U.S. and has an area of 46,058 sq. miles. The state population is 12.7 million people, making it the 6th most populous state in the country.", "Latitude: 40° 53.8'N   Borders Pennsylvania is bordered by New York and Lake Erie to the north. In the south, Pennsylvania shares borders with West Virginia , Maryland , Delaware , and New Jersey . To the east, New York and New Jersey line up on the Pennsylvania border. Pennsylvania meets Ohio and an arm of West Virginia on the West. Total Area Pennsylvania covers 46,058 square miles, making it the 33rd largest of the 50 states . Land Area 44,820 square miles of Pennsylvania are land areas. Water Area 1,239 square miles of Pennsylvania are covered by water. Highest Point The highest point in Pennsylvania is Mt. Davis at 3,213 feet. Lowest Point The lowest point in Pennsylvania is in The Delaware River at sea level. Mean Elevation The Mean Elevation of the state of Pennsylvania is 1,100 feet above sea level. Major Rivers Allegheny River, Susquehanna River, Delaware River, Ohio River Major Lakes Lake Erie", "Pennsylvania is 170 mi north to south and 283 mi east to west. Of a total 46055 sqmi, 44817 sqmi are land, 490 sqmi are inland waters, and 749 sqmi are waters in Lake Erie.[http://compendia/statab/tables/06s0347.xls 2006 Statistical Abstract: Geography & Environment: Land and Land Use] It is the 33rd largest state in the United States. ", "Bethlehem lies in the center of the Lehigh Valley, a region of 731 square miles (1,893 km²) that is home to more than 800,000 people. Together with Allentown and Easton, the Valley embraces the Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ metropolitan area, including Lehigh, Northampton, and Carbon counties within Pennsylvania, and Warren County in the adjacent state of New Jersey. Smaller than Allentown but larger than Easton, Bethlehem is the Lehigh Valley's second most populous city. In turn, this metropolitan area comprises Pennsylvania's third-largest metropolitan area and the state's largest and most populous contribution to the greater New York City metropolitan area.", "The Great Lakes Plain meets the Appalachian Plateau in the extreme northwestern part of the state. The Appalachian Plateau stretches across the western and northern sections of Pennsylvania and covers more than half the area of the state. The Allegheny Mts. line the eastern edge of the plateau and run southwest to northeast, overlooking the Great Appalachian Valley. The Jacks, Tuscarora, and Blue Mts. comprise a ridge and valley section bordered by the Great Appalachian Valley to the southeast and east. The Piedmont Plateau gives way to the Atlantic Coastal Plain in the extreme southeastern portion of the state.", "According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 517.9 square miles (1,341 km2); 516.7 square miles (1,338 km2) of it is land and 1.2 square miles (0.6 km², or 0.2%) of it is water. Even though it is the 6th most populated city, the large area gives it a low density rate of approximately 2,797 people per square mile. In comparison, Philadelphia, the 5th most populous city has a density of over 11,000. ", "Pittsburgh ( ) is the second-largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and the county seat of Allegheny County; only Philadelphia is larger. The Combined Statistical Area (CSA) population of 2,659,937 is the largest in both the Ohio Valley and Appalachia and the 20th-largest in the U.S. Located at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers, which form the Ohio River, Pittsburgh is known as both \"the Steel City\" for its more than 300 steel-related businesses, and as the \"City of Bridges\" for its 446 bridges. The city features 30 skyscrapers, two inclines, a pre-revolutionary fortification and the Point State Park at the confluence of the rivers. The city developed as a vital link of the Atlantic coast and Midwest. The mineral-rich Allegheny Mountains made the area coveted by the French and British empires, Virginia, Whiskey Rebels, and Civil War raiders. ", "Western Pennsylvania refers to the western third of the state of Pennsylvania in the United States. Pittsburgh is the region's principal city, with a metropolitan area population of about 2.4 million people, and serves as its economic and cultural center. Erie, Altoona, and Johnstown are its other metropolitan centers. As of the 2010 census, Western Pennsylvania's total population is nearly 4 million.", "Philadelphia is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the fifth-most populous in the United States, with an estimated population in 2014 of 1,560,297. In the Northeastern United States, at the confluence of the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers, Philadelphia is the economic and cultural anchor of the Delaware Valley, a metropolitan area home to 7.2 million people and the eighth-largest combined statistical area in the United States.", "The Delaware River's watershed drains an area of 14119 sqmi and encompasses 42 counties and 838 municipalities in five U.S. states—New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Delaware. This total area constitutes approximately 0.4% of the land mass in the United States. In 2001, the watershed was 18% agricultural land, 14% developed land, and 68% forested land.", "Located on the Lehigh River, Allentown is the largest of three adjacent cities, in Northampton and Lehigh counties, that make up a region of eastern Pennsylvania known as the Lehigh Valley. Allentown is 50 mi north-northwest of Philadelphia, the fifth most populous city in the United States, 90 mi east-northeast of Harrisburg, the state capital, and 90 mi west of New York City, the nation's largest city.", ", one of the Middle Atlantic states of the United States. It is bounded by Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean (E), the District of Columbia (S), Virginia and West Virginia, largely across the Potomac River (S, W), and Pennsylvania (N).", "Long recognized as a powerhouse of American industry, Western Pennsylvania is a large geophysical and socio-economic entity. It encompasses that portion of the state to the west of the Appalachian divide and included within the Mississippi drainage system of rivers.", "Land area. 115,026 square miles. (The combined area of the New England States and New York, U. S. A., is 109,593 square miles.)", "West Virginia is a state located in the Appalachian region of the Southern United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, Ohio to the northwest, Pennsylvania to the north (and, slightly, east), and Maryland to the northeast. West Virginia is the 41st largest by area and the 38th most populous of the 50 United States. The capital and largest city is Charleston.", "The Minisink is a buried valley where the Delaware flows in a bed of glacial till that buried the eroded bedrock during the last glacial period. It then skirts the Kittatinny ridge, which it crosses at the Delaware Water Gap, between nearly vertical walls of sandstone, quartzite, and conglomerate, and then passes through a quiet and charming country of farm and forest, diversified with plateaus and escarpments, until it crosses the Appalachian plain and enters the hills again at Easton, Pennsylvania. From this point it is flanked at intervals by fine hills, and in places by cliffs, of which the finest are the Nockamixon Rocks, 3 mi long and above 200 ft high.", "*Pennsylvania - New York, New Jersey, Delaware, or Maryland to the Atlantic Ocean or Chesapeake Bay; or Ontario (water boundary) to James Bay", "Pennsylvania's population in 2010 was 12,702,379. Of these, 6,838,440 (53.8%) were estimated to belong to some sort of organized religion. According to the Association of religion data archives (ARDA) at Pennsylvania State University, the largest religions in Pennsylvania by adherents are the Roman Catholic Church with 3,503,028 adherents, the United Methodist Church with 591,734 members, and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America with 501,974 members. The third largest single denomination is the Presbyterian Church (USA) with 250,000 members and 1,011 congregations. Pennsylvania, especially western part and Pittsburgh area has one of the highest percentage of Presbyterians in the nation. The Presbyterian Church in America has also significant, 112 congregations and 23,000 adherents, the EPC has around 50 congregations, as well as ECO. The next largest Protestant denomination, the United Church of Christ, has 180,000 members and 627 congregations. Pennsylvania was the center state of the German Reformed denomination since the 1700s. Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, is one of the headquarters of the Moravian Church in America. Pennsylvania also has a very large Amish population, second only to Ohio among the states. American Baptist Churches USA (Northern Baptist Convention) is based in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania. While Pennsylvania owes its existence to Quakers, and much of the historic character of the Commonwealth is ideologically rooted in the teachings of the Religious Society of Friends (as they are officially known), practicing Quakers are a small minority today.", "Pennsylvania Amish Country is a picturesque landscape that must be witnessed in person to be fully appreciated. Rolling hills with lush grasses and crops, farms with windmills dotting the horizon and horse and buggies sharing the road remind you that things are simpler here in Lancaster County.", "In early years, most of the present Adams County, Pennsylvania, was claimed by Maryland - that is, the land lying south of the 40th parallel. This parallel is an east-west line, which passes through middle of Philadelphia and about a mile north of Bendersville in Adams County. Thus, the original grants for rand tracts in this area came from Lord Baltimore through his agent, John Carroll, and his heirs.", "Cities include Philadelphia, Reading, Lebanon and Lancaster in the southeast, Pittsburgh in the southwest, the tri-cities of Allentown, Bethlehem, and Easton in the central east (known as the Lehigh Valley), the tri-cities of Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, and Hazleton in the northeast, and Erie in the northwest. Williamsport serves as the commonwealth's north-central region, with York and the state capital Harrisburg on the Susquehanna River in the east-central region of the Commonwealth and Altoona and Johnstown in the west-central region.", "U.S. Route 6 is a long, rural, scenic drive across Pennsylvania's \"Northern Tier\". Go west from the northern Poconos through the valley of Scranton and its suburbs, follow the Susquehanna River through the \"Endless Mountains\", spend three hours through state and national forest land, and end near Lake Erie.", "Pennsylvania - Philadelphia, population of 1,526,006. Philadelphia is the sixth largest city in the USA, and served as a temporary capital while D.C. was under construction. ", "Linking the panhandle of Maryland's mountainous western area with the rest of the state is a geographic anomaly, a 1-mile-wide strip squeezed between Pennsylvania and West Virginia.", "At elevation 1221.4, it would contain 28,945,000 acre-feet. An acre-foot is the amount of water required to cover 1 acre to a depth of 1 foot, or approximately 326,000 gallons. The reservoir will store the entire average flow of the river for 2 years. That is enough water to cover the State of Pennsylvania to a depth of one foot.", "Philadelphia in the southeast corner, Pittsburgh in the southwest corner, Erie in the northwest corner, Scranton-Wilkes-Barre in the northeast corner, and Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton in the east central region are urban manufacturing centers. Much of the Commonwealth is rural; this dichotomy affects state politics as well as the state economy. Philadelphia is home to six Fortune 500 companies, with more located in suburbs like King of Prussia; it is a leader in the financial and insurance industry.", "Philadelphia's central city was created in the 17th century following the plan by William Penn's surveyor Thomas Holme. Center City is structured with long straight streets running east-west and north-south forming a grid pattern. The original city plan was designed to allow for easy travel and to keep residences separated by open space that would help prevent the spread of fire. The Delaware River and Schuylkill Rivers served as early boundaries between which the city's early street plan was kept within. In addition, Penn planned the creation of five public parks in the city which were renamed in 1824 (in parenthesis): Centre Square, North East Publick Square (Franklin Square), Northwest Square (Logan Square), Southwest Square (Rittenhouse Square), and Southeast Square (Washington Square). Center City has grown into the second-most populated downtown area in the United States, after Midtown Manhattan in New York City, with an estimated 183,240 residents in 2015. ", "The lines are 24 miles apart in both directions. The grid thus delineated contains 24 mile square areas called checks, which in turn are divided into 16 townships, each township being six miles square.", "* Center City is bounded by the Monocacy Creek to the west, Hanover and Bethlehem townships (both Northampton County) to the north, and Stefko Boulevard to the east.", "The total parkland amounts to about 10334 acre. Philadelphia's largest park, Fairmount Park, encompasses 9200 acre of this parkland and includes 63 neighborhood and regional parks. The largest tract of Fairmount Park is on the west side of the city along the Schuylkill River and Wissahickon Creek and includes the Philadelphia Zoo.", "The Pennsylvania Capitol Grounds, officially the Capitol Park, comprises 45 acre and 26.4 square perches (7,187 ft2; 668 m2). The grounds are bounded by North Street on the north, 7th Street on the east, Walnut Street on the south and 3rd Street on the west. Arnold Brunner designed the layout of the grounds, which originally totaled only 15 acre from the land Harris and Maclay gave to the state. The remaining 29 acre were added when the state bought the Eighth Ward.", "The city is the county seat of Lehigh County. The adjacent counties are Carbon County to the north; Northampton County to the northeast and east; Bucks County to the southeast; Montgomery County to the south; and Berks County and Schuylkill County to the west." ]

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[ "Sri Lanka’s old vehicles using the licence number plates with Sinhala auspicious letter 'Sri' are now being issued with new registration numbers with English letters. This was initiated by the Department of Motor Traffic with the approval of the cabinet, Commissioner General of Motor Traffic, B.D.L Dharmapriya said. He added that owners of 36 vehicles have changed their number plates from the 'Sri' numbers to English letters, so far. Old vehicles that bear 'Sri' numbers can obtain numbers with English letters after paying Rs. 20,000 to the Registrar of Motor Vehicles Department. The old vehicles will be issued numbers from AA 0001 to FZ 9999, he added. The issue of English numbers has commenced from GA 0001.", "Sri Lanka shifted from 'Sri' numbers to two English letters smoothly in 2000 although the introduction of Sinhala 'Sri' letter in the 1950s roused Tamil protest and communal violence following it. The current series of car registrations in Sri Lanka was introduced in 2000 and is on yellow number plates with black characters and a black border. On the left hand side of the number plate is the country emblem, below which a two-letter region identifier is e.g. WP represents the Western Province. The format of the remainder of the registration is LL – DDDD, with L being a letter and D being a number. The previous series of registrations had been in effect since 1956 and was on brighter yellow plates with the format DD – DDDD. Also they didn’t have any national emblem or region identifier. Taxis have white number plates with red lettering, Mr. Dharmapriya said.", "The country in which a motor vehicle's vehicle registration plate was issued is indicated by an international licence plate country code, formerly known as an International Registration Letter or International Circulation Mark, displayed in bold block uppercase on a small white oval plate or sticker near the number plate on the rear of a vehicle.", "In case a registered motor vehicle is removed from Sri Lanka, or destroyed or has been dismantled or rendered unusable  permanently, the registered owner should inform the Commissioner General of Motor Traffic within 14 days, for the cancellation of its registration. It is appropriate to refer such requests directly to this department. A request for cancellation should be made through MTA 67 and request for removal from the country should be made through MTA 140.", "The International Distinguishing Sign is an oval standardized sign composed of three black capital letters on a white background, indicating where the vehicle is registered.", "There are 220 km of roads in the country, the main road being the San Marino Highway. Authorities license private vehicles with distinctive Sammarinese license plates, which are white with blue figures and the coat of arms, usually a letter followed by up to four numbers. Many vehicles also carry the international vehicle identification code (in black on a white oval sticker), which is \"RSM\".", "The first three characters would originally have been able to identify the area of the country in which the registration was issued (in the above example the FVL indicates that this registration would have been released in Lincoln). And the number is simply a way of uniquely identifying one registration from the possible 999 alternatives with the same prefix and suffix combinations that could be out there. As these registrations have an age identifier (the suffix), you can only assign them to vehicles of the same age as the registration or younger. As with all registrations that carry a year identifier you can make your vehicle look as old as you want, but not one day newer. So, for example, the above registration - FVL 144M - could be assigned to any vehicle first manufactured after 01/08/1973, but you'd be unable to put it on a vehicle that was manufactured before that date as you would be giving the impression that the vehicle was more modern than it is.", "Sri Lanka's road network consists of 35 A grade highways and two Controlled-access highways (E01)and(E03). The railway network, operated by the state-run national railway operator, Sri Lanka Railways, spans 1447 km. Sri Lanka also has three deep-water ports, at Colombo, Galle, and Trincomalee, in addition to the newest port being built at Hambantota. The port at Trincomalee is the fifth largest natural harbour in the world: during World War II the British stated that they could place their entire navy in the harbour with room to spare. Sri Lanka's flag carrier airline is SriLankan Airlines. Fitch Ratings has affirmed Sri Lanka's Foreign- and Local-Currency Issuer Default Ratings (IDRs) at 'BB-' with a \"stable\" outlook. With a grant of 20 million dollars from the US and help from China, a space academy has been set up for the purpose of developing an indigenous space sector to launch satellites of other nations as well as of Sri Lanka. This dual use of launching technology will also serve to develop missile technology. On 26 September 2012 China launched Sri Lanka's first satellite, with plans for more launches in the coming years. ", "Within the United Kingdom, motorists with vehicles registered in Great Britain may use number plates featuring the national flag of England, Scotland and Wales, or alternatively the Union Flag, together with the code name \"ENG\" for England, \"SCO\" for Scotland, \"Wales\" or \"CYM\" for Wales, \"GB\" for Great Britain or \"UK\" for United Kingdom respectively. Although not officially recognised outside the UK, they are authorised by the nation's Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency. However, motorists with vehicles registered in Northern Ireland fall within the jurisdiction of the Driver & Vehicle Agency, which does not permit the letters NI to appear alongside any flag; only the Union Flag alongside GB/UK or the EU format (featuring in this case the letters GB), being optionally permitted. The British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar, unlike the Crown dependencies of Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man, counts as part of the EU and, therefore, uses number plates in the EU format.", "In the prefectural system, the top line names the office at which the vehicle is registered, and includes a numeric code that indicates the class of vehicle. The bottom contains one serial letter (typically a kana), and up to four digits. The classes of registration plate are divided by vehicle type and engine size. For private vehicles less than 660 cc, registration plates have black text on a yellow background. Above 660 cc, a white plate with green text is used. For commercial, non-private vehicles, the colors of the numberplate are inverted. An official seal is applied over one (typically the left) screw, preventing the plate being removed and applied to another car.", "In the British Virgin Islands private vehicles have 'PV' followed by four digits, 'VI' was used as the prefix for one year 1995-96; before 1995 only numbers were used. Commercial vehicles have 'CM' followed by four digits; rental vehicles have 'RT', and taxis have 'TX'. Government vehicles have 'GV' followed by four digits and have white letters on red. Many plates have 'Virgin Islands' and 'Nature's Little Secret' above and below the plates respectively. Before 1996, British standard sizes were used, but this has since reduced to a size more familiar in the US Virgin Islands.", "As of 2008, International plates for private cars are available from the DLT upon request, for a fee. The prefix characters are translated via code-matching into two alphanumeric Roman characters. The country name THAILAND is displayed in capital letters below the registration number, and the numerical provincial code is shown in the bottom right. The plates are black on white. They are required for transport into Burma, Cambodia, Southern China, Laos, Vietnam and Malaysia. However, they are not legal inside Thailand, and must be removed upon re-entering the country.", "As you can see, these items were normally shipped with a 'MADE IN SRI LANKA' sticker.", "From November 1985, the first 100 numbers of each series were withheld for use as cherished registrations. From April 1989, the numbers 101-999 were also withheld in this way. Even multiples of 1000 and 1111 (\"four-of-a-kind\") are deemed cherished by the Driver & Vehicle Agency (DVA) in Northern Ireland and thus withheld. Each series ends at 9998 and follows on to the next letter/number combination in the series.", "From November 1985, the first 100 numbers of each series were withheld for use as cherished registrations. From April 1989, the numbers 101-999 were also withheld in this way. Even multiples of 1000 and 1111 (\"four-of-a-kind\") are deemed cherished by the Driver & Vehicle Agency (DVA) in Northern Ireland and thus withheld. Each series ends normally at 9500, and the remaining numbers are used mostly for security type re-registrations.", "* Current registrations allocated in Romania and the United Kingdom (where the registration contains two digits) are both of the form AB12 CDE). The Romanian rear plates are white whereas UK ones are yellow. There is also a difference in the spacing and the font.", "This European custom became an international requirement in many countries after the U.N.’s Geneva Convention on Road Traffic (1949) and Vienna Convention on Road Traffic (1968). It was agreed upon that a distinguishing sign of the country of registration had to be displayed on the rear of the vehicle. It also stipulated that the sign could either be placed separately from the registration plate or could be incorporated into the vehicle’s number plate and if the international registration letter was incorporated into the licence plate, it also had to appear on the front number plate.", "Government vehicles all have the prefix \"BX\" - these number plates have a white reflective background with red lettering at the front and white on red at the rear. After 'BX' is the last two numerals of the date of issue and then up to four serial numbers.", "As in England , traffic moves on the left side of the road. Sri Lanka permits import of left-hand-drive vehicles, but for safety and resale value, it is wise to import only right-hand-drive vehicles.", "Americans living in or visiting Sri Lanka are encouraged to register at the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy in Colombo and obtain updated information on travel and security within Sri Lanka. The U.S. Embassy is located at 210 Galle Road, Colombo 3, Sri Lanka. The Embassy's telephone number during normal business hours Monday through Friday is (94)(1) 448-007. The after-hours and emergency telephone number is (94)(1) 447-601. The Consular Section fax number is (94)-(1)-436-943. The Embassy's Internet address is http://usembassy.state.gov/srilanka. The e-mail address for the consular section is consularcolombo@state.gov . The Embassy in Colombo also covers the Republic of the Maldives. U.S. citizens are strongly encouraged to register at the Embassy upon arrival in Sri Lanka or by e-mail.", "SRI LANKA: A COUNTRY STUDY replaces the edition of this work published in 1982. Like its predecessor, this study attempts to treat in a concise and objective manner the dominant social, political, economic, and military aspects of Sri Lankan society. Central to the study of contemporary Sri Lanka is the SinhaleseTamil conflict, its history, ramifications, and the toll it has taken on the country. For all intents and purposes, The National Capital of Sri Lanka is Colombo--the site of its government ministries and foreign embassies. In 1982, however, a new parliamentary compiles opened in Sri Jayenardenepura, bottle a suburb of Colombo, and the administrative capital was moved there. Contemporary place names used in this book are those approved by the United States Board Geographic Names. Sources of information included books, scholarly journals, foreign and domestic newspapers, and numerous periodicals. Measurements are given in the metric system. The Bibliography lists published sources thought to be particularly helpful to the reader.", "The general format of vehicle registration plates in Bangladesh is \"City - Vehicle Class alphabet and No - Vehicle No\". For example, : \"DHAKA-D-11-9999\". The \"DHAKA\" field represents the city name in Bengali alphabets, the \"D\" field represents the vehicle class in Bengali alphabets, the \"11\" field represents the vehicle class in Bengali numerals and the \"9999\" field represents the vehicle number of the vehicle in Bengali numerals.", "In case a motor vehicle removed from the country is brought back to the country and registration needs to be reactivated, the registration certification issued on the removal of the vehicle, the documents relevant to the cancellation of registration in a foreign country if such has been the case, should be submitted along with the customs documents.", "Please Note: All reduced numbers are subject to VAT and a DVLA fee of £80, all subject to availability. Car Reg arrange all reg transfers via DVLA Swansea. DVLA is a registered trade mark of the Driver & Vehicle Licensing Agency. Classic Enterprises (UK) LTD is in no way affiliated to the DVLA. Classic Enterprises (UK) LTD is a registered frequent buyer of DVLA registrations and a registered DVLA number plates supplier (No: 27154).", "instance, a flashing right-side indicator can mean the vehicle in front wants you to overtake, not that he is turning right), self-drive cars are available from a number of international companies. Rates start at US$50 per day, unlimited mileage. These companies also have chauffeur-driven vehicles with a maximum of 100km per day at US$60, and extra charges for driver’s nights away from base. If you going to drive yourself, a local driving permit (show your International Driving Permit) is necessary and can be obtained through the Colombo Automobile Association’s office (tel: 011 242 1528), at a cost of Rs2,500. Make sure you have adequate personal accident insurance.", "Sri Lanka (Honourary Consulate), 17th Line, 60 (Vasilievsky Island), ☎ +7 (812) 305-0185. Mon-Fri 11AM - 6PM.   edit", "As responsible personalised number plates agents we feel it is important that our visitors and customers understand the law regarding the supply and display of cherished number plates as they are valuable assets and should be protected. It was once possible to buy cheap number plates from any private car numberplates maker without any evidence of your entitlement to the car registration numbers. These days you need to provide the private registration plates manufacturer with a V948 number plate authorisation certificate which is issued by the DVLA only after your keeper’s entitlement has been checked. Your numberplates are an important identifying feature of your vehicle and can be cloned to provide a false identity to any vehicle for those engaged in vehicle related crime. There are now many stories that tell of speeding fines collected in areas of the UK where car owners have never visited, due to the display of duplicate number plates  by criminals.", "Fire Brigade vehicles. The vehicle has 2 plates identical to the format of the current series.", "The Morris Minor was replaced as the convenient taxi of Colombo and the country towns following the importation of these vehicles from India in the 1980s. It had taken 100 years after the first Ceylonese three-wheeler took to the roads for a motorised version to be introduced here for hire.", "If a mortgage / an absolute ownership / a lease has been registered, a letter issued from the relevant institution intimating that it does not object to the issue of a duplicate of the number plate / sticker.", "If you want to buy a new plate for a trailer or caravan or to replace a broken one on your car you will have to show the registered supplier documents to prove both who you are and also that you have entitlement to the registration mark.", "■ Zambian Third Party Insurance on vehicles and trailers are bought at border post - valid for 1 month" ]

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[ "East of Eden is a 1955 film, directed by Elia Kazan, and loosely based on the second half of the novel of the same name by John Steinbeck. It is about a wayward young man who, while seeking his own identity, vies for the affection of his deeply religious father against his favored brother, thus retelling the story of Cain and Abel.", "East of Eden is a 1955 film, directed by Elia Kazan, and loosely based on the second half of the 1952 novel of the same name by John Steinbeck. It is about a wayward young man who, while seeking his own identity, vies for the affection of his deeply religious father against his favored brother, thus retelling the story of Cain and Abel.", "Despite harsh criticism, East of Eden became an instant best-seller and is considered by some to be one of Steinbeck's finest achievements. East of Eden remains Steinbeck's most controversial book - a disputed classic. The book was adapted as the 1955 film East of Eden by director Elia Kazan, starring James Dean and Julie Harris. The 1981 TV miniseries starred Timothy Bottoms and Jane Seymour. The novel recently saw a remarkable upsurge in popularity when television personality Oprah Winfrey selected East of Eden for her classics-only book club. Another film adaptation directed by Ron Howard is set to be released in 2006.", "The 1940s marked Steinbeck’s time as a war correspondent during the second world war. He spent time working throughout Europe and Africa. After returning home to the United States, Steinbeck wrote and published a number of successful novellas including 1945’s Cannery Row and 1947’s The Pearl. 1952 saw the publication of what is commonly regarded as his most boldly impressive novel, East of Eden. Steinbeck’s biblically inspired epic, a fictional musing of the Old Testament’s story of brothers Cain and Abel, East of Eden is a domestic drama centered on the emotional journeys of the Hamiltons and the Trasks living in California’s Salinas Valley. In a masterfully balanced thematic matrix exploring impulses of self-destruction, lustful temptation and the complex relationship existing between freedom and guilt, East of Eden remains not only a standout within its author’s canon, but in the canon of American literature. Much like its predecessors Of Mice and Men and The Grapes of Wrath, East of Eden was given the Hollywood treatment in a highly successful adaptation starring James Dean and directed by the much-admired Elia Kazan.", "Few movies have made more of an impression on me than East of Eden. Although at 15, I was at a very impressionable age, it is an outstanding movie. Today, it is best known for making a young unknown actor a Hollywood megastar. James Dean interpreted Caleb's tormented character in an unforgettable manner. But there were excellent performances from all the principal actors. And the film was directed by the Greek-American director and author Elia Kazan, who had a long list of memorable films to his credit, including A streetcar named Desire, Viva Zapata, and On the Waterfront starring a young Marlon Brando, Baby Doll and Splendor in the Grass. (I have not seen his later films.)", "East of Eden (1952) marks the end of Steinbeck's prime period. The sprawling novel is partly a three-generation history of settlers in the Salinas Valley and partly a modern retelling of the biblical Cain and Abel story. Some critics consider East of Eden Steinbeck's best work, although others see it as flawed, a rambling account with some incredibly well-drawn segments that never quite coalesce as a novel. A movie adaptation of East of Eden, focusing on the Cain-Abel theme and with James Dean as Cal (the Cain character), raised the book's profile higher yet in 1955.", "Unknown to film audiences in 1954, Dean appeared to be an \"overnight success\" in his film debut as Cal Trask in Elia Kazan's production of East of Eden. But behind this exquisitely nuanced screen performance lay Dean's considerable experience in live television and Broadway productions during his \"New York years.\" Rebel Without a Cause was, and still is, Dean's signature film, but his portrayal of the unloved son in East of Eden was virtually a self-portrait. It was not a stretch for Dean to play the son of an emotionally wooden father and an absent mother, for in truth, this was his own biography. Kazan gave the role to Dean not because he could play Cal Trask, but because he was Cal Trask.", "6. Jo Van Fleet in East of Eden (1955) Her performance is sometimes overlooked just because this is one of the three films made by legendary movie icon James Dean. East of Eden is immortal for movie fans as being \"James Dean's film debut.\" James was nominated, too, but Jo took home an Oscar for her performance as a murderous prostitute.", "As a \"Deaner,\" what can be said that hasn't already been said?eh Dean was brilliant in every frame of this cinematic masterpiece. \"East of Eden\" also marked one of two posthumous Academy Award nominations. His second being for \"Giant.\" The only actor to achieve such a feat. Sidenote: for those of you who want to see a truer version of Steinbeck's novel, you may want to look into the OOP (out-of-print) t.v. miniseries version, \"East of Eden\" (1981), which runs 6hrs in length. It stars Timothy Bottoms, Sam Bottoms, Bruce Boxleitner, and Jane Seymour. It traces the entire history of the Trasks. Kazan simply focused on one segment - that of the grandchildren of Cyrus Trask.", "John Steinbeck's East of Eden - Religious References - Religious References in East of Eden Religion constantly appears throughout Steinbeck's East of Eden. Among these religious appearances are the similarities between the Cain and Abel story and the characters, the Hebrew word timshel, and the presence of God/Fate in the novel. First, East of Eden is a reenactment of the Cain and Abel tale. Many similarities are seen between the two. The title East of Eden comes from the biblical tale when \" 'Cain went out from the presence of the Lord and dwelt in the land of Nod on the east of Eden' \" (Steinbeck 352)....   [tags: East Eden Essays]", "Yet it is James Dean that everyone remembers. Marlon Brando and Montgomery Clift had helped popularize method acting in Hollywood, but James Dean brought an entirely new and fresh perspective to it. East of Eden is set in 1917 but Dean feels completely modern and contemporary, a boy not quite comfortable in his body. He's never still, constantly fidgeting or shrugging or pacing. He drops his eyes in uncomfortable moments and slips into giggles when conversations become too personal. In the opening scenes, as he stalks Kate through back alleys to her brothel on the outskirts of town, he runs with his hands jammed into his pockets, as if to stop them from acting on their own. And sure enough, when he takes them out of his pockets while pacing in front of her house, they instinctively pick up a rock and throw it at her window. It's a strikingly articulate portrait of an inarticulate man-boy; you can practically hear his mind whirring just by observing his body language. In many ways, this is the first take on the troubled teen that he immortalized in Rebel Without a Cause (1955).", "Fifty years later, film critic Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times, was much more positive, saying East of Eden is \"not only one of Kazan's richest films and Dean's first significant role, it is also arguably the actor's best performance.\" The film's depiction of the interaction between Dean and Massey was characterized by Turan as \"the paradigmatic generational conflict in all of American film.\"", "East of Eden is a contemporary version of the story of Cain and Abel. James Dean plays Cain (called Cal in this story), Richard Davalos plays Abel (called Aron in this story), Raymond Massey plays their father Adam and Jo Van Fleet plays Eve (called Kate in this story). So to make it simple I'm just going to call them by their names in the story of Cain and Abel :)", "Noted for drawing out the best dramatic performances from his actors, he directed 21 actors to Oscar nominations, resulting in nine wins. He directed a string of successful films, including A Streetcar Named Desire (1951), On the Waterfront (1954), and East of Eden (1955). During his career, he won two Oscars as Best Director and received an Honorary Oscar, won three Tony Awards, and four Golden Globes.", "   East of Eden story is primarily set in the Salinas Valley, California, between the beginning of the 20th century and the end of World War I (1952) James Dean & Raymond Massey starred in this Cain & Abel fable based on a novel by John Steinbeck", "Widescreen movies were still fairly new, hence the big \"in CinemaScope!\" announcement in the opening credits. (Allegedly just as exciting: \"in Warnercolor!\" Which really just meant it was in color. It's not like Warner Bros. went out and invented new ones.) Visually speaking, East of Eden is a quintessential example of Hollywood filmmaking in the mid-1950s: widescreen, vivid colors, unobtrusive camera movement, unhurried editing. Leonard Rosenman's musical score is also typical, with its sweeping, all-purpose melodies that could have been written for any drama.", "John Steinbeck published his highly controversial novel East of Eden , the work that he referred to as \"the big one\", in 1952. A symbolic recreation of the biblical story of Cain and Abel set in California's Salinas Valley, Steinbeck wrote the novel late in his life, in hopes of reclaiming his status as a major novelist. Described as Steinbeck's most ambitious novel, East of Eden centers on two families, the Trasks and the Hamiltons, both early inhabitants of California's Salinas Valley.", "Principal photography of East of Eden lasted ten weeks. Before filming began, Kazan sent Dean off to Palm Springs to gain some weight and get some sun so that he looked like a \"real\" farm boy. Dean hated getting a tan, having his hair cut, and drinking a pint of cream a day to put on pounds.", "His first film, \"East of Eden\", cast him firmly into the spotlight and many critics believe he had a glittering Hollywood future ahead of him.", "East of Eden, meanwhile, is slightly more palatable. A rich biblical allegory set in 1917, it casts Dean in the role of a wayward son trying to win his overbearing father's affection. The performance was lauded at the time and nominated for an Oscar (as was his turn in Giant). But these days it feels histrionic; he fidgets, he giggles, he pouts, he skips, he rolls his eyes – much like Brando did when he first made his name.", "- East of Eden was filmed on location, east of Eden, in a place called Los Angeles.", "On the Waterfront (1954) (win), East of Eden (1955) , and America, America (1963). He also had one unsuccessful nomination for Best Original Story and Screenplay for America, America (1963).", "In recognition of his performance in East of Eden, Dean was nominated posthumously for the 1956 Academy Awards as Best Actor in a Leading Role of 1955, the first official posthumous acting nomination in Academy Awards history. (Jeanne Eagels was nominated for Best Actress in 1929, when the rules for selection of the winner were different.) East of Eden was the only film starring Dean that he would see released in his lifetime.", "Empire of the Sun is a 1987 American epic coming-of-age war film based on J. G. Ballard's semi-autobiographical novel of the same name. Steven Spielberg directed the film, which stars Christian Bale, John Malkovich, Miranda Richardson, and Nigel Havers. The film tells the story of Jamie \"Jim\" Graham, a young boy who goes from living in a wealthy British family in Shanghai, to becoming a prisoner of war in a Japanese internment camp, during World War II.", "In 1998, he won the Man Booker Prize for Amsterdam. His next novel, Atonement (2001), received considerable acclaim; Time magazine named it the best novel of 2002, and it was shortlisted for the Booker Prize. In 2007, the critically acclaimed movie Atonement, directed by Joe Wright and starring Keira Knightley and James McAvoy, was released in cinemas worldwide. His next work, Saturday (2005), follows an especially eventful day in the life of a successful neurosurgeon. Saturday won the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for 2005, and his novel On Chesil Beach (2007) was shortlisted for the 2007 Booker Prize.", "The most famous adaptation is Francis Ford Coppola's 1979 motion picture Apocalypse Now based on the screenplay by John Milius, which moves the story from the Congo to Vietnam and Cambodia during the Vietnam War. In Apocalypse Now, Martin Sheen plays Captain Benjamin L. Willard, a U.S. Army Captain assigned to \"terminate the command\" of Colonel Walter E. Kurtz. Marlon Brando played Kurtz, in one of his most famous roles. A production documentary of the film, titled Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse, exposed some of the major difficulties which director Coppola faced in seeing the movie through to completion. The difficulties that Coppola and his crew faced mirrored some of the themes of the book.", "The World Is Not Enough is the nineteenth film in the James Bond series. Set in Turkey, it stars Pierce Brosnan as James Bond, Sophie Marceau as Elektra King, Robert Carlyle as Renard, Denise Richards as Dr. Christmas Jones, Robbie Coltrane as Valentin Zukovsky and Serena Thomas as Molly Warmflesh.", "Was the first actor to receive an Academy Award nomination posthumously, for his role in East of Eden (1955). However, he did not win.", "Academy Award-winning director: Lawrence of Arabia [1962], The Bridge on the River Kwai [1957]; Dr. Zhivago, A Passage to India, Oliver Twist, Great Expectations; died Apr 16, 1991", "*Eden and After (L'Eden et après / Eden a potom), directed by Alain Robbe-Grillet - (France/Czechoslovakia)", "Gates of Eden, a collection of short stories written by Ethan Coen, was published in 1998. The same year, Ethan co-wrote the comedy The Naked Man, directed by their storyboard artist J. Todd Anderson. ", "In addition to feature films, Apted has continued directing documentaries, including Bring on the Night, a feature-length concert film about the making of Sting's first solo album. In 1988/9 he directed the documentary The Long Way Home, which chronicled the UK, US and USSR adventures of Boris Grebenshikov, the first Soviet underground musician allowed to record in the West. Before the making of Thunderheart, Apted made the documentary Incident at Oglala about convicted murderer Leonard Peltier. Incident at Oglala then informed Thunderheart in the casting of actors for the fiction film. In 1997, he explored the creative process in Inspirations through candid discussion with seven artists from diverse media, including music, painting, dance, sculpture, and architecture." ]

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[ "Basie died of pancreatic cancer in Hollywood, Florida on April 26, 1984 at the age of 79.[1]", "Count Basie, byname of William Basie (born August 21, 1904, Red Bank, New Jersey , U.S.—died April 26, 1984, Hollywood , Florida ), American jazz musician noted for his spare, economical piano style and for his leadership of influential and widely heralded big bands .", "William “Count” Basie (August 21, 1904 – April 26, 1984) was an American jazz pianist , organist , bandleader , and composer . Basie led his jazz orchestra almost continuously for nearly 50 years. Many notable musicians came to prominence under his direction, including tenor saxophonists Lester Young and Herschel Evans , trumpeters Buck Clayton and Harry “Sweets” Edison and singers Jimmy Rushing and Joe Williams . Basie’s theme songs were “ One O’Clock Jump ” and “ April In Paris “.", "William James \"Count\" Basie (August 21, 1904 – April 26, 1984) was an American jazz pianist, organist, bandleader, and composer. His mother taught him to play the piano and he started performing in his teens. Dropping out of school, he learned to operat...", "Basie suffered from health issues in his later years, and died from cancer in Hollywood, Florida, on April 26, 1984. He left the world an almost unparalleled legacy of musical greatness, having recorded or been affiliated with dozens upon dozens of albums during his lifetime.", "Basie died of pancreatic cancer in Hollywood, Florida on April 26, 1984 at the age of 79.  His “Ghost Band” has carried on without him, keeping him “alive”.", "In 1976 Basie suffered a heart attack, but he returned to the bandstand half a year later. During his last years he had difficulty walking and so rode out on stage in a motorized wheelchair. He died of cancer in Hollywood, Florida, on April 26, 1984. His wife, Catherine, had died in 1983. They had one daughter. The band survived Basie's death, with trumpeter Thad Jones directing until his own death in 1986.", "In 1976 Basie suffered a heart attack, but returned to the bandstand half a year later. During his last years he had difficulty walking and so rode out on stage in a motorized wheelchair, his playing now largely reduced to his longtime musical signature, the three soft notes that punctuated his compositional endings. His home for many years was in Freeport, the Bahamas; he died of cancer at Doctors' Hospital in Hollywood, Florida, on April 26, 1984. His wife, Catherine, had died in 1983; they had one daughter. The band survived Basie's death, with ex-Basie-ite trumpeter Thad Jones directing until his death in 1986.", "Count Basie was among the most important bandleaders of the swing era. With the exception of a brief period in the early '50s, he led a big band from 1935 until his death almost 50 years later, and the band continued to perform after he died. Basie 's orchestra was characterized by a light, swinging rhythm section that he led from the piano, lively ensemble work, and generous soloing. Basie was not a composer like Duke Ellington or an important soloist like Benny Goodman . His instrument was his band, which was considered the epitome of swing and became broadly influential on jazz.", "Basie 's health gradually deteriorated during the last eight years of his life. He suffered a heart attack in 1976 that put him out of commission for several months. He was back in the hospital in 1981, and when he returned to action, he was driving an electric wheel chair onto the stage. He died of cancer at 79.", "The big bands' decline in popularity in the late '40s hit Basie as it did his peers, and he broke up his orchestra at the end of the decade, opting to lead smaller units for the next couple of years. But he was able to reform the big band in 1952, responding to increased opportunities for touring. For example, he went overseas for the first time to play in Scandinavia in 1954, and thereafter international touring played a large part in his schedule. An important addition to the band in late 1954 was vocalist Joe Williams . The orchestra was re-established commercially by the 1955 album Count Basie Swings - Joe Williams Sings (released on Clef Records), particularly by the single \"Every Day (I Have the Blues),\" which reached the Top Five of the R&B charts and was later inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. Another key recording of this period was an instrumental reading of \"April in Paris\" that made the pop Top 40 and the R&B Top Ten in early 1956; it also was enshrined in the Grammy Hall of Fame. These hits made what Albert Murray (co-author of Basie 's autobiography, Good Morning Blues) called the \"new testament\" edition of the Basie band a major success. Williams remained with Basie until 1960, and even after his departure, the band continued to prosper.", "By 1937 Basie's band was, with the possible exception of Duke Ellington's (1899–1974), the most famous African American band in America. Basie's band regularly worked some of the better big city hotel ballrooms. With many of the other big bands of the swing era he also shared the less appealing one-nighters (a series of single night performances in a number of small cities and towns that were traveled to by bus).", "The loss of key personnel (some to the military service), the wartime ban on recordings, the 1943 musicians' strike, the economic infeasibility of one-nighters, and the bebop revolution of the mid-1940s all played a role in the death of the big band era. The number of 12 to 15 piece bands diminished drastically, and Basie was driven to some soul-searching: despite his international reputation and the band's still first-rate personnel, Basie decided in 1950 to disband and to form a medium-sized band (first an octet and later a septet), juggling combinations of all-star musicians, among them tenorists Georgie Auld, Gene Ammons, and Wardell Gray; trumpeters Harry Edison and Clark Terry; and clarinetist Buddy DeFranco. The groups' recordings (Jam Sessions #2 & #3) are, predictably, of the highest quality, but in 1951 Basie reverted to his first love—the big band— and it thrived, thanks largely to the enlistment of two Basie-oriented composer-arrangers, Neil Hefti and Ernie Wilkins; to the solo work of tenorists Frank Wess and Frank Foster and trumpeters Joe Newman and Thad Jones; and to the singing of Joe Williams. Another boost was provided in the late 1950s by jazz organist Wild Bill Davis's arrangement of \"April in Paris\" which, with its series of \"one more time\" false endings, came to be a trademark of the band for the next quarter of a century.", "Basie appeared in musical films during World War II , most notably the 1943 review Stage Door Canteen. Following the end of the war in 1945, the big-band sound began to decline in popularity. The Count Basie Orchestra, which was plagued by financial problems and poor management, broke up for a time. In the interim, Basie formed an eight-member band that included Clark Terry, Wardell Gray on tenor, and Buddy DeFranco on clarinet. However, in 1952, he resurrected the Count Basie Orchestra. With the addition of singer Joe Williams, the band enjoyed success with records like “Every Day (I Have the Blues)” and “April in Paris .” The band embarked on a tour of European cities, and performed before enthusiastic crowds. In 1957, the Count Basie Orchestra became the first African American band to play the Waldorf-Astoria in New York City.", "At the end of 1936, Basie and his band, now billed as Count Basie and His Barons of Rhythm, moved from Kansas City and honed their repertoire at a long engagement at the Grand Terrace Ballroom in Chicago. [26] Right from the start, Basie’s band was noted for its rhythm section. Another Basie innovation was the use of two tenor saxophone players; at the time, most bands had just one. When Lester Young complained of Herschel Evans ‘ vibrato, the two were split apart and placed one on each side of the alto players, and soon Basie had the tenor players engaged in “duels”. Many other bands later adapted the split tenor arrangement. [27]", "At the end of 1936, Basie and his band, now billed as \"Count Basie and His Barons of Rhythm,\" moved from Kansas City to Chicago, where they honed their repertoire at a long engagement at the Grand Terrace Ballroom.[29] Right from the start, Basie's band was noted for its rhythm section. Another Basie innovation was the use of two tenor saxophone players; at the time, most bands had just one. When Young complained of Herschel Evans' vibrato, Basie placed them on either side of the alto players, and soon had the tenor players engaged in \"duels\". Many other bands later adapted the split tenor arrangement.[30]", "(William Basie) , 1904–84, American jazz pianist, bandleader, and composer, b. Red Bank, N.J. After working in dance halls and vaudeville in New York City, Basie moved to Kansas City, a major jazz center.", "A stocky, handsome man with heavy-lidded eyes and a sly smile, Basie was a shrewd judge of talent and character, and he was extremely patient in dealing with the egos of his musicians. He and his band recorded with many other famous artists, including Duke Ellington (1899–1974), Frank Sinatra (1915–1998), Ella Fitzgerald (1917–1996), and Sarah Vaughan (1924–1990). Perhaps the most startling of the band's achievements was its fifty-year survival in a culture that experienced so many changes in musical fashion, especially after the mid-1960s, when jazz lost much of its audience to other forms of music.", "Benny Goodman, born Benjamin David Goodman, (May 30, 1909 – June 13, 1986) was an American jazz musician, known as King of Swing, Patriarch of the Clarinet, The Professor, and Swing's Senior Statesman.", "At the end of 1936, Basie and his band, now billed as “Count Basie and His Barons of Rhythm,” moved from Kansas City to Chicago, where they honed their repertoire at a long engagement at the Grand Terrace Ballroom.  Right from the start, Basie’s band was noted for its rhythm section. Another Basie innovation was the use of two tenor saxophone players; at the time, most bands had just one. When Young complained of Herschel Evans ‘ vibrato, Basie placed them on either side of the alto players, and soon had the tenor players engaged in “duels”. Many other bands later adapted the split tenor arrangement.", "[1]  Count Basie, performer, One Note Samba, Recorded May 11, 2009, Synergie OMP, 2009, Streaming Audio, Accessed April 6, 2015, http://search.alexanderstreet.com/view/work/1019835. ", "In 1928, Basie was in Tulsa and heard Walter Page and his Famous Blue Devils, one of the first big bands, which featured Jimmy Rushing on vocals. A few months later, he was invited to join the band, which played mostly in Texas and Oklahoma. It was at this time that he began to be known as \"Count\" Basie (see Jazz royalty). ", "In 1957, Basie released the live album Count Basie at Newport. \"April in Paris\" (arrangement by Wild Bill Davis) was a best-selling instrumental and the title song for the hit album.[61] The Basie band made two tours in the British Isles and on the second, they put on a command performance for Queen Elizabeth II, along with Judy Garland, Vera Lynn, and Mario Lanza.[62] He was a guest on ABC's The Pat Boone Chevy Showroom, a venue also opened to several other black entertainers. In 1959, Basie's band recorded a \"greatest hits\" double album The Count Basie Story (Frank Foster, arranger) and \"Basie and Eckstine, Inc.\": album featuring Billy Eckstine, Quincy Jones (as arranger) and the Count Basie Orchestra. It was released by Roulette Records, then later reissued by Capitol Records.", "In 1957, Basie released the live album Count Basie at Newport. \"April in Paris\" (arrangement by Wild Bill Davis) was a best-selling instrumental and the title song for the hit album. The Basie band made two tours in the British Isles and on the second, they put on a command performance for Queen Elizabeth II, along with Judy Garland, Vera Lynn, and Mario Lanza. He was a guest on ABC's The Pat Boone Chevy Showroom, a venue also opened to several other black entertainers. In 1959, Basie's band recorded a \"greatest hits\" double album The Count Basie Story (Frank Foster, arranger) and \"Basie and Eckstine, Inc.\": album featuring Billy Eckstine, Quincy Jones (as arranger) and the Count Basie Orchestra. It was released by Roulette Records, then later reissued by Capitol Records.", "In 1957, Basie released the live album Count Basie at Newport. \"April in Paris\" (arrangement by Wild Bill Davis) was a best-selling instrumental and the title song for the hit album. The Basie band made two tours in the British Isles and on the second, they put on a command performance for Queen Elizabeth II, along with Judy Garland, Vera Lynn, and Mario Lanza. He was a guest on ABC's The Pat Boone Chevy Showroom, a venue also opened to several other black entertainers. In 1959, Basie's band recorded a \"greatest hits\" double album The Count Basie Story (Frank Foster, arranger) and \"Basie and Eckstine, Inc.\": album featuring Billy Eckstine, Quincy Jones (as arranger) and the Count Basie Orchestra. It was released by Roulette Records, then later reissued by Capitol Records.", "one of those cities, possibly the only one that could rival New York and Chicago in the early 1930s. It was also the city where the Count Basie Orchestra (listen [spotify♫]) first came to prominence. Count Basie, along with Duke Ellington, is regarded by jazz historians as one of the two most important and innovative bandleaders of the swing era. We devote a large portion of this lesson to an examination of Count Basie as a bandleader, his talents on the piano, and his orchestra members.", "One of the all time greats of jazz is William “Count” Basie. He was an American jazz pianist, bandleader, and composer. Widely regarded as one of the most important jazz bandleaders of his time, Basie led his popular Count Basie Orchestra for almost 50 years.", "↑ Robinson, J. Bradford. Count Basie. in Kernfeld, Barry. ed. The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz, 2nd Edition, Vol. 1. London: MacMillan, 2002. p. 155.", "Count Basie introduced several generations of listeners to the Big Band sound and left an influential catalog. Basie is remembered by many who worked for him as being considerate of musicians and their opinions, modest, relaxed, fun-loving, dryly witty, and always enthusiastic about his music. [74] In his autobiography, he wrote, \"I think the band can really swing when it swings easy, when it can just play along like you are cutting butter.\" [75]", "Count Basie introduced several generations of listeners to the Big Band sound and left an influential catalog. Basie is remembered by many who worked for him as being considerate of musicians and their opinions, modest, relaxed, fun-loving, dryly witty, and always enthusiastic about his music.[71] In his autobiography, he wrote, \"I think the band can really swing when it swings easy, when it can just play along like you are cutting butter.\"[72]", "Prolific recording dates, tours to Europe and Asia , regular appearances at Broadway ’s Birdland, and an endless stream of dances, festivals, and concerts led to many honors for Basie and his band, including royal command performances in England and recognition by Presidents Kennedy and Reagan. In addition to some of the seminal hits, later audiences demanded to hear such new Basie staples as “Li’l Darlin’,” “Cute,” “Every Day I Have the Blues,” “All Right, OK, You Win,” and “April In Paris .” Despite their differences, both bands exhibited a devotion to blues-based swinging and an uncluttered pulse; both also relied on effective use of dynamics, more subtle in the early band, more dramatic in the later, when Green’s unamplified guitar chords often gave way to shouting brass.", "For more information about the life and career of William \"Count\" Basie, visit www.countbasie.com . Also available is Good Morning Blues , Basie's autobiography as told to Albert Murray, and The World of Count Basie , a collection of interviews with various Basie musicians by Stanley Dance (C. Scribner's Sons)." ]

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[ "The Bridge is about modern society. The title refers to the Brooklyn Bridge in New York, where Crane wrote the poem.", "* American Modernist poet Hart Crane used the Brooklyn Bridge as a central metaphor and organizing structure for his second and most important book of poetry, The Bridge. This book takes the form of a long poem spanning eight parts, beginning with an ode (\"Proem: To Brooklyn Bridge\") and ending with a transfigured vision of the bridge as the unifying symbol of America (\"Atlantis\"). Crane briefly lived in an apartment overlooking the bridge that, he later learned, once housed Washington Roebling, the Brooklyn Bridge's builder and son of its architect, John A. Roebling.", "Hart Crane was a tormented young poet who committed suicide at age 33 by leaping into the sea. He left striking poems, including an epic, The Bridge (1930), which was inspired by the Brooklyn Bridge, in which he ambitiously attempted to review the American cultural experience and recast it in affirmative terms. His luscious, overheated style works best in short poems such as “Voyages” (1923, 1926) and “At Melville’s Tomb” (1926), whose ending is a suitable epitaph for Crane:", "In his second book The Bridge, Hart Crane begins with a poem entitled \"Poem: To Brooklyn Bridge.\" The bridge was a source of inspiration for Crane and he owned different apartments specifically to have different views of the bridge.", "Cutty Sark is also preserved in literature in Hart Crane's long poem \"The Bridge\" which was published in 1930.", "In Paris in February 1929, Harry Crosby, who with his wife Caresse Crosby owned the fine arts press Black Sun Press, offered Crane the use of their country retreat, Le Moulin du Soleil in Ermenonville. They hoped he could use the time to concentrate on completing The Bridge. Crane spent several weeks at their estate where he roughed out a draft of the \"Cape Hatteras\" section, a key part of his epic poem. In late June that year, Crane returned from the south of France to Paris. Harry noted in his journal, \"Hart C. back from Marseilles where he slept with his thirty sailors and he began again to drink Cutty Sark.\" Crane got drunk at the Cafe Select and fought with waiters over his tab. When the Paris police were called, he fought with them and was beaten. They arrested and jailed him, fining him 800 francs. After Hart had spent six days in prison at La Santé, Harry Crosby paid Crane's fine and advanced him money for the passage back to the United States where he finally finished The Bridge. The work received poor reviews, and Crane’s sense of his own failure became crushing.", "Tower Bridge (built 1886-1894) is a combined bascule and suspension bridge in London, England, over the River Thames. It is close to the Tower of London, from which it takes its name. It has become an iconic symbol of London.", "The bridge is named for Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano, the first known European navigator to enter New York Harbor and the Hudson River, while crossing The Narrows. It has a center span of 4,260 feet and was the largest suspension bridge in the world at the time of its completion in 1964, until it was surpassed by the Humber Bridge in the United Kingdom in 1981. It now has the eighth longest center span in the world, and is the largest suspension bridge in the United States. Its massive towers can be seen throughout a good part of the New York metropolitan area, including from spots in all five boroughs of New York City. ( wikipedia )", "Golden Gate Bridge, suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate , in California , U.S. It links San Francisco with Marin county to the north. From its completion in 1937 to the completion of the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge in New York City in 1964, it had the longest main span in the world, and it remains incomparable in the magnificence of its setting. Its construction, under the supervision of Joseph B. Strauss , involved many difficulties: rapidly running tides, frequent storms and fogs (during one of which a cargo vessel collided with the access trestle, causing serious damage), and the problem of blasting rock under deep water to plant earthquake-proof foundations. The main span, 4,200 feet (1,280 metres) long, is suspended from two cables hung from towers 746 feet (227 metres) high; at midpoint the roadway is 265 feet (81 metres) above mean high water.", "The bridge-opening celebration began on May 27, 1937 and lasted for one week. The day before vehicle traffic was allowed, 200,000 people crossed either on foot or on roller skates. On opening day, Mayor Angelo Rossi and other officials rode the ferry to Marin, then crossed the bridge in a motorcade past three ceremonial \"barriers\", the last a blockade of beauty queens who required Joseph Strauss to present the bridge to the Highway District before allowing him to pass. An official song, \"There's a Silver Moon on the Golden Gate\", was chosen to commemorate the event. Strauss wrote a poem that is now on the Golden Gate Bridge entitled \"The Mighty Task is Done.\" The next day, President Roosevelt pushed a button in Washington, D.C. signaling the official start of vehicle traffic over the Bridge at noon. As the celebration got out of hand there was a small riot in the uptown Polk Gulch area. Weeks of civil and cultural activities called \"the Fiesta\" followed. A statue of Strauss was moved in 1955 to a site near the bridge.", "Tower Bridge is a combined bascule and suspension bridge in London, over the River Thames. It is close to the Tower of London, which gives it its name and has become an iconic symbol of London . Construction started in 1886 and took eight years to build. The bridge consists of two towers which are tied together at the upper level by means of two horizontal walkways which are designed to withstand the forces of the suspended sections of the bridge.", "The Brooklyn Bridge is a bridge in New York City and is one of the oldest suspension bridges in the United States. Completed in 1883, it connects the boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn by spanning the East River. With a main span of 1,595.5 feet, it was the longest suspension bridge in the world from its opening until 1903, and the first steel-wire suspension bridge. Originally referred to as the New York and Brooklyn Bridge and as the East River Bridge, it was dubbed the Brooklyn Bridge, a name from an earlier January 25, 1867, letter to the editor of the Brooklyn Daily Eagle, and formally so named by the city government in 1915. Since its opening, it has become an icon of New York City, and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1964 and a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark in 1972.", "The Brooklyn Bridge is a hybrid cable-stayed/suspension bridge in New York City and is one of the oldest bridges of either type in the United States. Completed in 1883, it connects the boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn by spanning the East River. It has a main span of , and was the first steel-wire suspension bridge constructed. It was originally referred to as the New York and Brooklyn Bridge and as the East River Bridge, but it was later dubbed the Brooklyn Bridge, a name coming from an earlier January 25, 1867, letter to the editor of the Brooklyn Daily Eagle, and formally so named by the city government in 1915. Since its opening, it has become an icon of New York City, and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1964 and a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark in 1972. ", "The landmark bridge is seen in many movies set in New York, mostly in establishing shots. The bridge is featured, along with the nearby Little Red Lighthouse, in Hildegarde Swift's 1942 children's book The Little Red Lighthouse and the Great Gray Bridge. The bridge is also featured in Francis Ford Coppola's The Godfather, Woody Allen's Broadway Danny Rose, Mike Newell's Donnie Brasco, and Abraham Polonsky's Force of Evil. On Sesame Street, Ernie often sang the words \"George Washington Bridge\" to the tune of Sobre las Olas (\"The Loveliest Night of the Year\").", "On this day in 1933, construction starts on what will become one of America’s most famous landmarks: the Golden Gate Bridge. When completed in 1937, the Golden Gate has a 4,200-foot-long suspension span, making it the world’s longest suspension bridge. Since opening to the public in May 1937, almost 2 billion vehicles have crossed the bridge, in both the north- and southbound directions.", "Bridge (built 1886–1894) is a combined bascule and suspension bridge in London which crosses the River Thames. It is close to the Tower of London, from which it takes its name, and has become an iconic symbol of London.", "The Brooklyn Bridge is one of the oldest suspension bridges in the United States , stretching 5,989 feet (1825 m) over the East River, connecting the New York City boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn. Upon completion in 1883, it was the longest suspension bridge in the world, the first steel-wire suspension bridge, and the first bridge to connect to Long Island .", "In the 1976 film Network, the character Max Schumacher (William Holden) tells a funny story to his friend Howard Beale (Peter Finch), in which the young Schumacher, who overslept for a news shoot about the new lower deck at the bridge, gets into a cab wearing a raincoat over his pajamas and tells the cabbie to: \"Take me to the middle of the George Washington Bridge.\" The cabbie, concerned that Schumacher intended to jump from the bridge, turns around and begs him: \"Don't do it buddy! You're a young man! You got your whole life ahead of you!\", .", "The Brooklyn Bridge opened in 1883. At the time, it was the longest suspension bridge. It has been designated a National Historic Landmark by the National Park Service, and a New York City Landmark by the Landmarks Preservation Commission.", "The Bridge, a novel by Iain Banks, is mainly set on a fictionalised version of the bridge. [95]", "I find the poems of The Bridge to be of a piece with the period of American literature I connect most strongly with—the ages of Realism and Modernism, roughly from 1890 to 1960. I can almost pinpoint the literary start of my connection—in eighth grade, reading Ernest Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea in my reading class. Three years later, I was reading The Great Gatsby by Hemingway’s antithesis, F. Scott Fitzgerald. That year, my junior year in high school, I wrote my term paper on the Realists, focusing on Willa Cather, Jack London, and Edith Wharton.", "The success of the George Washington Bridge —especially its extremely small ratio of girder depth to span—had a great influence on suspension bridge design in the 1930s. Its revolutionary design led to the building of several major bridges, such as the Golden Gate (1937), the Deer Isle (1939), and the Bronx-Whitestone (1939). The Golden Gate Bridge , built over the entrance to San Francisco Bay under the direction of Joseph Strauss , was upon its completion the world’s longest span at 1,260 metres (4,200 feet); its towers rise 224 metres (746 feet) above the water. Deer Isle Bridge in Maine , U.S., was designed by David Steinman with only plate girders to stiffen the deck, which was 7.5 metres (25 feet) wide yet had a central span of 324 metres (1,080 feet). Likewise, the deck for Othmar Ammann ’s Bronx-Whitestone Bridge in New York was originally stiffened only by plate girders; its span reached 690 metres (2,300 feet). Both the Deer Isle and the Bronx-Whitestone bridges later oscillated in wind and had to be modified following the Tacoma Narrows disaster.", "The Bridge on the River Kwai is a 1957 British-American World War II epic film directed by David Lean and starring William Holden, Jack Hawkins, Alec Guinness, and Sessue Hayakawa. Based on the novel Le Pont de la Rivière Kwai (1952) by Pierre Boulle, the film is a work of fiction, but borrows the construction of the Burma Railway in 1942–43 for its historical setting. The movie was filmed in Ceylon (now known as Sri Lanka). The bridge in the film was near Kitulgala.", "At the time of his death, Crane was considered an important figure in American literature. After he was nearly forgotten for two decades, critics revived interest in his life and work. Crane's writing is characterized by vivid intensity, distinctive dialects, and irony. Common themes involve fear, spiritual crises and social isolation. Although recognized primarily for The Red Badge of Courage, which has become an American classic, Crane is also known for his poetry, journalism, and short stories such as \"The Open Boat\", \"The Blue Hotel\", \"The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky\", and The Monster. His writing made a deep impression on 20th-century writers, most prominent among them Ernest Hemingway, and is thought to have inspired the Modernists and the Imagists.", "Sowerby Bridge features in George Gissing's 1891 novel The Emancipated as the hometown of the protagonist Ross Mallard.", "The first bridge on the site was designed in 1809-10 by John Rennie for the Strand Bridge Company and opened in 1817 as a toll bridge. The granite bridge had nine arches, each of 120 feet (36.6 m) span, separated by double Grecian-Doric stone columns and was 2,456 feet (748.6 m) long, including approaches. Before its opening it was known as 'Strand Bridge'. During the 1840s the bridge gained a reputation as a popular place for suicide attempts. In 1841, the American daredevil Samuel Gilbert Scott was killed while performing an act in which he hung by a rope from a scaffold on the bridge. In 1844 Thomas Hood wrote the poem The Bridge of Sighs about the suicide of a prostitute there. Paintings of the bridge were created by the French Impressionist Claude Monet and the English Romantic, John Constable. The bridge was nationalised in 1878 and given to the Metropolitan Board of Works, who removed the toll from it.", "Today, the Bridge is a main crossing of the East river. This is the greatest heavily trafficked bridges people built until now. The truth is that it took Jon Roebling over 14 years in order to get the agreement of the city for building this bridge.", "The bridge is a combination of the suspension and bascule type. The width of the river between the abutments of the bridge on the north and south sides is 880 feet. This is crossed by three spans. The two side spans, each 270 feet long, are of the suspension type. They are carried on stout chains that pass at their landward ends over abutment towers of moderate height to anchorages in the shore. At their river ends the chains pass over lofty towers which are themselves connected at an elevation of 143 feet above high water. Heavy tie bars, at the level of the connecting girders, unite the two pairs of chains so that one acts as anchorage for the other at the centre.", "Which bridge was the longest suspension bridge in the world when it was completed in 1937?", "In 1855, John Roebling, the owner of a wire-rope company and a famous bridge designer,  proposed a suspension bridge over the East River after becoming impatient with the Atlantic Avenue-Fulton Street Ferry. Roebling worked out every detail of the bridge, from its massive granite towers to its four steel cables. He thought his design entitled the bridge \"to be ranked as a national monument… a great work of art.\"", "American engineer Joseph B. Strauss oversaw the building of the bridge. American architect Irving Morrow chose the bridge's Art Deco design and orange color, which he selected to harmonize with the natural colors of the bridge's setting. Strauss began making plans for the bridge in 1921, but construction was delayed for years. Among those opposed to the strait's being bridged were ferry operators, the Sierra Club , and photographer Ansel Adams , who thought that the bridge would ruin the view.", "A. E. Housman wrote of the area this verse, which mentions the bridges of the town: " ]

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[ "Although the RKO Picture version of the Tarzan yell was putatively that of Weissmuller, different stories exist as to how the Tarzan Yell was created. Many speculate that a man named Lloyd Thomas Leech was the original voice behind the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Tarzan Yell. He was an opera singer from the 1940s into the '60s, winning the Chicagoland Music Festival on August 17, 1946, and going on to sing throughout the U.S., touring with several opera companies. There are recordings of his recollections of creating the Tarzan yell, a story supported by his children and grandchildren. According to the newspaper columnist L. M. Boyd (circa 1970), \"Blended in with that voice are the growl of a dog, a trill sung by a soprano, a note played on a violin's G string and the howl of a hyena recorded backward.\" According to Bill Moyers, it was created by combining the recordings of three men: one baritone, one tenor, and one hog caller from Arkansas. Another widely published notion concerns the use of an Austrian yodel played backwards at abnormally fast speed. But Weissmuller claimed that the yell was actually his own voice. His version is supported by his son and by his Tarzan co-star, Maureen O'Sullivan.", "The Tarzan yell is the yodel-like call of the character Tarzan, as portrayed by actor Johnny Weissmuller in the films based on the character created by Edgar Rice Burroughs, starting with Tarzan the Ape Man (1932). The yell was a creation of the movies, based on what Burroughs described in his books as \"the victory cry of the bull ape.\"", "Yodeling (or yodelling, jodeling) is a form of singing that involves singing an extended note which rapidly and repeatedly changes in pitch from the vocal or chest register (or \"chest voice\") to the falsetto/head register; making a high-low-high-low sound. The English word yodel is derived from a German word jodeln (originally Austro-Bavarian language) meaning \"to utter the syllable jo\" (pronounced \"yo\" in English). This vocal technique is used in many cultures throughout the world.[1] Although traveling minstrels were yodeling in their performances in the United Kingdom and the United States as early as the eighteen-hundreds, the first country music recording to include yodeling was cut by singer Riley Puckett in 1924. In 1928, blending traditional work, blues, hobo and cowboy music, Jimmie Rodgers released his first recording \"Blue Yodel No.1\", and created an instant national craze for yodeling in the United States. The popularity lasted through the 1940s, but by the 1950s it became rare to hear yodeling in Country or Western music.", "On January 20, 1984, Weissmuller died from pulmonary edema at the age of 79. [14] At his request, he was buried in Acapulco at Valley of the Light Cemetery where, also at his request, a recording of the Tarzan yell he invented was played. [13]", "On January 20, 1984, Weissmuller died from pulmonary edema at the age of 79. [24] He was buried just outside Acapulco, Valle de La Luz at the Valley of the Light Cemetery. As his coffin was lowered into the ground, a recording of the Tarzan yell he invented was played three times, at his request. [23]", "Tarzan (John Clayton, Viscount Greystoke) is a fictional character, an archetypal feral child raised in the African jungles by the Mangani great apes; he later experiences civilization only to largely reject it and return to the wild as a heroic adventurer. Created by Edgar Rice Burroughs, Tarzan first appeared in the novel Tarzan of the Apes (magazine publication 1912, book publication 1914), and subsequently in twenty-five sequels, several authorized books by other authors, and innumerable works in other media, both authorized and unauthorized.", "In 1912, Edgar Rice Burroughs created the character of the loinclothed legend, a white man swinging through the African jungle on a fever dream of paternalistic imperialism. Hollywood followed, and through more than 40 screen versions over a century was careful to leave actual Africans out of the picture, except as broad stereotypes. Tarzan is back in theaters again. Here, in a 1959 publicity shot for the film, \"Tarzan, the Ape Man\", Denny Miller strikes the classic pose for the Tarzan yell.", "Even though the copyright on Tarzan of the Apes has public domain|expired in the United States of America , the name TARZAN is still protected as a trademark of Edgar Rice Burroughs, Inc. Also, the work remains under copyright in some other countries where copyright terms are longer.", "Even though the copyright on Tarzan of the Apes has expired in the United States of America, the name Tarzan is still protected as a trademark of Edgar Rice Burroughs, Inc. Also, the work remains under copyright in some other countries where copyright terms are longer.", "The first Tarzan movies were eight silent features and serials released between 1918 and 1928, most based on novels in the original series. Elmo Lincoln starred in the first Tarzan feature, Tarzan of the Apes (1918), which may be the most faithful cinematic rendering of Burroughs's first Tarzan novel to date. Lincoln appeared in two sequels. Additional silents in the 1920s continued the pattern with other actors (three of these films -- The Romance of Tarzan (1918, Elmo Lincoln), The Revenge of Tarzan (1920, Gene Pollar), and Tarzan the Mighty (1928, Frank Merrill) -- have been lost). One of the silents, Tarzan and the Golden Lion (1927), featured the then-unknown Boris Karloff as a villainous native chieftan. The first Tarzan sound film was Tarzan the Tiger (1929), featuring Frank Merrill as the Ape Man, shot as a silent but partially dubbed for release. It was Merrill’s second Tarzan movie, and it cost him the role, as his voice was deemed unsuitable for the part.", "Best known as one of the most popular on screen Tarzan and for inventing his trademark roar.", "The Land That Time Forgot is a classic by Edgar Rice Burroughs (better known for his Tarzan series). I was familiar with it only through the 1975 movie (it's so bad it is a joy to watch). I recently had the opportunity to listen to the audio book narrated by David Stifel. I had previously heard a book narrated by him which is why I chose this particular version. His narration did not disappoint.", "Yodel -- A style of singing or calling that involves switching the registers of the voice rapidly from head voice to chest voice (or falsetto and natural voice). Although this type of singing is typically associated with the high warbling of the Swiss and Tyrolean mountaineers, forms of yodeling can be found in several cultures, including African, Persian, and cowboy singers in the United States such as Roy Rogers and Gene Autry", "The Austro-Hungarian born, five-times Olympic gold medallist swimmer played Tarzan in 12 films between 1932 and 1948. His distinctive yodel-like yell has become a Tarzan trademark that subsequent films ignored at their peril. It was even played from speakers as his coffin was lowered at his funeral in 1984.", "Tarzan Presley (novel)|Tarzan Presley (2004). This novel combines aspects of Tarzan and Elvis Presley into a single character named Ted Nugent, within New Zealand and United States|American settings. Upon its release, it was subject to legal action in the United States, and has not been reprinted since its initial publication.", "The famous Tarzan yell, imitated by children the world over, is really a combination of five sound tracks. When you hear Weissmuller shouting his call, you are hearing not only his voice but also those of a dog , a hyena , a soprano, and the G string of a violin.", "At his request, a recording of his trademark Tarzan yell which he invented was played as his coffin was lowered into the ground.", "It is thought that yodeling was first introduced to the United States by German immigrants in Pennsylvania in the early 1800s. As the new settlers traveled south through the Appalachian Mountains and beyond into the Deep South they came into contact with Scots-Irish immigrants, Scandinavians (practitioners of a unique yodeling called kölning), and other nationalities including African slaves who communicated with \"field hollers\", described by Frederick Law Olmsted in 1853 as a \"long, loud, musical shout, rising and falling and breaking into falsetto\".", "Tarzan of the Apes is a novel written by Edgar Rice Burroughs , the first in a series of books about the title character Tarzan. It was first published in the pulp magazine All-Story Magazine in October, 1912; the first book edition was published in 1914. So popular was the character that Burroughs continued the series into the 1940s with two dozen sequels.", "^ a b Weissmuller, Jr., Johnny; Weissmuller, Johnny; Reed, William (2002). Tarzan, My Father. Burroughs, Danton. ECW Press. pp. 25–28. ISBN  1-550-22522-7. ", "The story goes that the real Tarzan was originally trained by Ken to respond to voice commands (during their silent films) rather than hand signals.  In their sound films, Ken was constantly chit-chattin' with Tarzan.  Above are the real Tarzan and Ken in a scene from WHEELS OF DESTINY (Universal, 1933) --- while I didn't check the videotape of this scene, Ken's probably saying somethin' like: \"c'mon ol' man ... untie the rope ... that's it old man ... pull the rope loose!\"", "Donkey Kong has also been known to use the Tarzan yell (although it sounds like \"Ooo-wa-ooo-aaooaaooaa-ooo!\"). His Tarzan yell is first heard in Donkey Kong: Jungle Beat and later was used in DK Jungle Climber, Donkey Kong Country Returns and later in Donkey Kong Country: Tropical Freeze.", "\"Me Tarzan, you Jane\" - was a catch-phrase inaccurately-quoted from Tarzan, the Ape Man (1932) . In a 1932 interview, Johnny Weissmuller (as Tarzan) actually claimed: \"I didn't have to act in Tarzan, the Ape Man, just said: 'Me Tarzan, You Jane.\"", "In Central Africa Pygmy singers use yodels within their elaborate polyphonic singing, and the Shona people of Zimbabwe sometimes yodel while playing the mbira. The Mbuti of the Congo incorporate distinctive whistles and yodels", "The word \"nigger\" appears in children's literature. \"How the Leopard Got His Spots\", in the Just So Stories (1902) by Rudyard Kipling, tells of an Ethiopian man and a leopard, both originally sand-colored, deciding to camouflage themselves with painted spots, for hunting in tropical forest. The story originally included a scene wherein the leopard (now spotted) asks the Ethiopian man why he does not want spots. In contemporary editions of \"How the Leopard Got His Spots\", the Ethiopian's original reply (\"Oh, plain black's best for a nigger\") has been edited to, \"Oh, plain black's best for me.\" The counting rhyme known as \"Eenie Meenie Mainee, Mo\" has been attested from 1820, with many variants; when Kipling included it as \"A Counting-Out Song\" in Land and Sea Tales for Scouts and Guides (1923), he gave as its second line, \"Catch a nigger by the toe!\" This version became widely used for much of the twentieth century; the rhyme is still in use, but the second line now uses \"tiger\" instead.", "Tarzan also spoke the tongues of the Waziris and the Oparians. The ape-man learned dialects of both the African east and west coasts. His encounters with Germans gave him the opportunity to learn the German language. Tarzan communicated with the Ant Men or the Minunians. He picked up the sign language of the Alalus and spoke the dialect of the Bagalla tribe.", "Tarzan's yell is used as a melodic refrain in the Baltimora single \"Tarzan Boy\". This refrain ironically plays in place of an ordinary Tarzan yell when Haru climbs and struggles to keep his balance on the top of a palm tree in Beverly Hills Ninja. The refrain was also used in a 1993 jungle-themed advert for Listerine's Cool Mint mouthwash. ", "In the 1999 Disney film Tarzan , the song \"Trashin' the Camp\" is this trope, with instruments ranging from a typewriter and glass bell-jar percussion to an (elephant-enhanced) gramophone trumpet.", "In many of the old Tarzan movies, the jungle sounds were often recordings of the laughing kookaburra call, which lives nowhere near Africa.", "Al Jolson introduced the song,I Love To Singa, in the feature film THE SINGING KID (1936). Tommy Bond (“Butch” from the OUR GANG shorts, “Jimmy Olsen” in the SUPERMAN serials) was the voice of “Owl Jolson”.", "DO YOU KNOW IF THE 1936 WARNER BROS. CARTOON “I LOVE TO SINGA” (by Tex Avery), FEATURING OWL JOLSON SINGING THE TITLE SONG, IS AVAILABLE ON ANY VIDEO COLLECTION?", "who recorded scat choruses in his song \"King of the Bungaloos\" and several others between 1911 and 1917. Entertainer" ]

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[ "78 Which musical features the songs “The Simple Joys Of Maidenhood” and “How To Handle A Woman”?", "S2. The songs How to handle a Woman and If ever I would leave you are from which 1960 musical?", "Music and theatre have had a close relationship since ancient times—Athenian tragedy, for example, was a form of dance-drama that employed a chorus whose parts were sung (to the accompaniment of an aulos—an instrument comparable to the modern clarinet), as were some of the actors' responses and their 'solo songs' (monodies). Modern musical theatre is a form of theatre that also combines music, spoken dialogue, and dance. It emerged from comic opera (especially Gilbert and Sullivan), variety, vaudeville, and music hall genres of the late 19th and early 20th century. After the Edwardian musical comedy that began in the 1890s, the Princess Theatre musicals of the early 20th century, and comedies in the 1920s and 1930s (such as the works of Rodgers and Hammerstein), with Oklahoma! (1943), musicals moved in a more dramatic direction. Famous musicals over the subsequent decades included My Fair Lady (1956), West Side Story (1957), The Fantasticks (1960), Hair (1967), A Chorus Line (1975), Les Misérables (1980) and The Phantom of the Opera (1986), as well as more contemporary hits including Rent (1994), The Lion King (1997) and Wicked (2003).", "Anything Goes is one of America’s most popular musicals. It has frequently been re-written, although the current licensed version reflects the changes made in the 1987 Broadway revival. The show features music and lyrics by Cole Porter, and book by Guy Bolton, P.G Wodehouse, Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse. The show is set in the American Jazz age aboard a cruise liner from New York to London. The musical features a famous score of songs including ‘Anything Goes’, ‘I Get A Kick Out of You’ and ‘You’re the Top’ which have since become show standards.", "“Send in the Clowns,” Sondheim’s most popular and well versed song. From the musical “A Little Night Music” by Patrick Quentin. It had re-composed and has had the most artists cover it over the last 30+ years. It was written to suit the actress Glynis Johns, structured as 4 verses and bridge, with a compound-complex meter,", "Cabaret (1972, Allied Artists/ABC , dir. Bob Fosse, based on the book by Christopher Isherwood) is an unusual musical about an American singer Sally Bowles (Liza Minnelli) at a German cabaret while the Nazis come to power, as she deals with several men in the establishment, including bisexual Brian (Michael York). This film was considered one of the first to present homosexuality less unfavorably. The title song is famous.", "The Sound of Music is a musical with music by Richard Rodgers, lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II, and a book by Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse. It is based on the memoir of Maria von Trapp, The Story of the Trapp Family Singers. Songs from the musical that have become standards include \"The Sound of Music\", \"Edelweiss\", \"My Favorite Things\", \"Climb Ev'ry Mountain\", and \"Do-Re-Mi\".", "Parker wrote the book for a stage adaptation of Bugsy Malone, using Williams' music. This premiered in the West End in 1983 at Her Majesty's Theatre and ran for 300 performances. It was directed by Michael Dolenz , and the cast featured Catherine Zeta-Jones as Tallulah. In 1997, the National Youth Music Theatre mounted an all-youth version. It was revived at the Queens Theatre in 1997, starring Sheridan Smith . [20] Another revival played in 2015 and again in 2016 at the Lyric Hammersmith theatre, [21] where it was nominated for the Olivier Award for best musical revival. [22]", "The musical opened in London's West End, with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber, lyrics by David Zippel, and book by Charlotte Jones, freely adapted from the novel. Directed by Trevor Nunn, it opened 15 September 2004 at the Palace Theatre. Bird, Allen. [http://www.londontheatre.co.uk/londontheatre/reviews/womaninwhite04.htm?_ga", "Come and celebrate the 53th anniversary of this madcap musical that originally took Broadway by storm in 1954 winning 6 Tony Awards including Best Musical, Best Score and Best Book. 15 beautifully written songs with the most mememorable, \"Hey There,\" \"Steam Heat,\" \"Hernandos Hideaway,\" and I'm Not All in Love.", "This versatile writer's fresh, humorous, well-crafted lyrics made his songs appealing to adults and children alike. Teamed with composer Alan Menken , Ashman did much to revive the American stage and screen musical in the late 20th Century. Their unsuccessful Off-Broadway project God Bless You Mr. Rosewater (1979) was followed by the ingenious spoof Little Shop of Horrors (1982), one of the highest grossing musicals in Off-Broadway history. The story of a man-eating plant attempting to take over the world from a dingy skid row flower shop, its tuneful score included the witty \"Somewhere That's Green\" and \"Suddenly Seymour.\" The 1986 movie version brought the team their first Oscar nomination for the added song \"I'm a Mean Green Mother From Outer Space.\"", "Anything Goes is a musical with music and lyrics by Cole Porter. The original book was a collaborative effort by Guy Bolton and P.G. Wodehouse, heavily revised by the team of Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse. The story concerns madcap antics aboard an ocean liner bound from New York to London. Billy Crocker is a stowaway in love with heiress Hope Harcourt, who is engaged to Lord Evelyn Oakleigh. Nightclub singer Reno Sweeney and Public Enemy #13 Moonface Martin aid Billy in his quest to win Hope. The musical introduced such songs as \"Anything Goes\", \"You're the Top\", and \"I Get a Kick Out of You.\"", "Side By Side By Sondheim (1976), Marry Me A Little (1980), Putting It Together (1993) and Sondheim on Sondheim (2010): Anthologies or revues of Sondheim's work as composer and lyricist, with songs performed or cut from productions. Jerome Robbins' Broadway features \"You Gotta Have a Gimmick\" from Gypsy, \"Suite of Dances\" from West Side Story and \"Comedy Tonight\" from A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum. A new revue, Secret Sondheim ... a celebration of his lesser known work, conceived and directed by Tim McArthur, was produced at the Jermyn Street Theatre in July 2010. Sondheim's \"Pretty Women\" and \"Everybody Ought to Have a Maid\" are featured in The Madwoman of Central Park West. ", "Movies have long relied on Broadway musicals for prestige-picture fodder, but in recent years Broadway has become increasingly dependent on stage versions of popular movies. Cinephiles looking for an evening of live entertainment on The Great White Way can currently choose from musical versions of films like Kinky Boots, Newsies, Once, and The Lion King. The musical of Tim Burton’s Big Fish just opened, and the musical of Sylvester Stallone’s Rocky is on its way. You laugh, but I’ve heard “Cut Me, Mick,” is an emotionally devastating duet.", "The bittersweet story of a young girl who falls in love with a carousel barker, adapted from the play Liliom by Hungarian-Jewish playwright Ferenc Molnar, is considered the finest musical of the 20th century. It features such unforgettable songs as \"June is bustin\" out all over\"If I loved You\" and \"Youגll never walk alone", "Cabaret continues to be revived worldwide by professional and amateur companies and had a run on Broadway in the late 1990s which exceeded the length of the original engagement, running for 2,378 performances in a theatre converted to a more cabaret-style environment. While some productions remain entirely faithful to the original script and score, most tend to make additions, deletions or changes, meaning that this is a constantly evolving musical. For example, Cliff's bisexuality, never really suggested in the original script, is sometimes retained from the movie version and both 'Money, Money' and 'Maybe This Time' are frequently inserted into the score of revival versions. Also, various numbers such as 'Sitting Pretty', 'Meeskite', 'The Telephone Song' and 'Why Should I Wake Up?' are dropped from the score, depending on the director's interpretation of the show and occasionally a number cut from the original, such as 'I Don't Care Much' (a song originally intended to be sung by a nameless prostitute, now appropriated by the Emcee) is interpolated. A new song, 'Don't Go', was written for a Broadway revival in 1987, but has not been used in subsequent productions and the song 'And the World Goes Round' from the film New York, New York (also by Kander and Ebb) has been used in some European productions.", "Sunset Boulevard was adapted into a musical with a book written by Don Black and Christopher Hampton, and music and lyrics by Andrew Lloyd Webber. It reached Broadway in 1994, with Glenn Close playing Norma Desmond. The production staged 17 previews beginning November 1, 1994, and played 977 performances at the Minskoff Theatre from November 17, 1994 through March 22, 1997.", "Musical about striptease artist Gypsy Rose Lee and her relationship with her ambitious mother, who was determined to make stars of both her daughters. The only place Rose can find work is in a burlesque house, where the established strippers help her make it to the top. Starring Rosalind Russell and Natalie Wood. Stephen Sondheim's songs include Everything's Coming Up Roses, Let Me Entertain You and Small World.", "In 1988 American musical theatre composer Maury Yeston released a studio cast album of his own musical, Goya: A Life In Song. Plácido Domingo again starred as Goya, with Jennifer Rush , Gloria Estefan , Joseph Cerisano , Dionne Warwick , Richie Havens , and Seiko Matsuda singing supporting roles. Music and lyrics were by Yeston, and the recording was released by CBS/Sony (483294-2). The score featured one break-out song, “Till I Loved You,” sung by Placido Domingo and Gloria Estefan. It was subsequently a Top 40 hit by Barbra Streisand . In spite of that commercial success, the piece has not received a major staging.", "“Ain’t Misbehavin” is a musical tribute to the incomparable, Fats Waller. It originated at Broadway’s Longacre Theatre on May 9, 1978. The original cast included: Nell Carter , André DeShields , Armelia McQueen , Ken Page , and Charlayne Woodard . It ran for 1604 performances and closed on February 21, 1982. The book was by –   Murray Horwitz and Richard Maltby, Jr. , and music by various composers and lyricists as arranged and orchestrated by Luther Henderson . It won the Tony Award for Best Musical.", "\"Anything You Can Do\" is a song composed by Irving Berlin for the 1946 Broadway musical, Annie Get Your Gun. The song is a duet, with one male singer and one female singer attempting to outdo each other in increasingly complex tasks. ", "In the Broadway version of the musical “Thoroughly Modern Millie”, set in 1920’s New York, George Gershwin and his wife make a cameo appearance, with George finding the inspiration for “Rhapsody in Blue” from a dress.", "TUESDAY 4JAN A Little Night Music Lavish film version of the stage musical, which was in turn based on the Ingmar Bergman film Smiles of a Summer Night. Stephen Sondheim's score includes the hit Send in the Clowns, rendered here by Elizabeth Taylor. 1977", "Brigadoon is a musical with a book and lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner and music by Frederick Loewe. Songs from the musical, such as “Almost Like Being in Love” have become standards.", "1980 - Linda Ronstadt debuted on Broadway in the production of Gilbert and Sullivan�s, The Pirates of Penzance.", "A Broadway musical revue showcasing Waller tunes entitled Ain't Misbehavin' was produced in 1978. (The show and a star of the show, Nell Carter, won Tony Awards.) The show opened at the Longacre Theatre and ran for more than 1600 performances. It was revived on Broadway in 1988. Performed by five African-American actors, the show included such songs as \"Honeysuckle Rose\", \"This Joint Is Jumpin'\", and \"Ain't Misbehavin'\".", "Linda Ronstadt starred as Mabel, Rex Smith as Frederic, Kevin Kline as the Pirate King, Patricia Routledge as Ruth (replaced by Estelle Parsons for the Broadway transfer), George Rose as the Major-General, and Tony Azito as the Sergeant of Police. Notable replacements during the Broadway run included Pam Dawber, Karla DeVito and Maureen McGovern as Mabel; Robby Benson, Patrick Cassidy and Peter Noone as Frederic; James Belushi, Gary Sandy, Wally Kurth, and Treat Williams as the Pirate King; David Garrison as the Sergeant; George S. Irving as the Major-General; and Kaye Ballard as Ruth. The national tour of the production featured Barry Bostwick as the Pirate King, Jo Anne Worley as Ruth, Clive Revill as the Major-General, Dawber as Mabel, Paxton Whitehead as the Sergeant, and Andy Gibb as Frederic.", "Shows listed are stage musicals unless otherwise noted. (Where the show was later made into a film, the year refers to the stage version.)", "Lyricist:     August Rigo ;  Billie Joe ;  James Mollica Destri ;  Oscar Hammerstein II ;  Rodney Jerkins ;  Stephen Sondheim", "73. The songs \"One Night In Bangkok\" and \"I Know Him So Well\" come from what 1980s musical?", "Pragmatic Adaptation : The Movie is a very intact adaptation of the stage show, but song placement is shuffled around, to excellent effect. \"Gee, Officer Krupke\" and \"I Feel Pretty\" were both moved to Act I, which is lighter and more fun in tone. \"Cool,\" an edgy and angry song, was moved into the similarly tense and dark Act II, averting the show's Mood Whiplash .", "A musical that has previously played on broadway and is remounted on broadway with significate changes is called?" ]

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[ "Baldwin is one of the few Hollywood actors versatile enough to boast roles in everything from The Usual Suspects (1995) to Bio-Dome (1996). Equally adept at comedy and drama, Baldwin's popularity surged in the '90s and carried the increasingly busy actor into a series of low-budget action thrillers. A Massapequa, NY, native, Baldwin gained notice in his teens as a successful opera singer and took home top prizes in numerous local competitions. Opting for a career as an actor a few short years later, the aspiring thespian refined his talents at The American Academy of Dramatic Arts before making his way to the screen in the mid-'80s. Baldwin made his film debut in the 1987 made-for-TV feature The Prodigious Mr. Hickey, with small screen appearances in Family Ties and China Beach soon to follow. In 1989, he took a featured role in the short-lived television Western The Young Riders. His feature career gained momentum with the adaptation of Hubert Selby Jr.'s Last Exit to Brooklyn (1989), and it wasn't long before he was turning up in such highbrow Hollywood fare as Born on the Fourth of July.", "The appearance of The Fire Next Time in 1963, just as the civil rights movement was exploding across the American South, galvanized the nation and continues to reverberate as perhaps the most prophetic and defining statement ever written of the continuing costs of Americans' refusal to face their own history. It became a national bestseller, and Baldwin was featured on the cover of Time magazine. Critic Irving Howe said that The Fire Next Time achieved \"heights of passionate exhortation unmatched in modern American writing.\" In 1964 Blues for Mister Charlie, his play based on the murder of a young black man in Mississippi, was produced by the Actors Studio in New York. That same year, Baldwin was made a member of the National Institute of Arts and Letters and collaborated with the photographer Richard Avedon on Nothing Personal, a series of portraits of America intended as a eulogy for the slain Medger Evers. A collection of short stories, Going to Meet the Man, was published in 1965, and in 1968, Tell Me How Long the Train's Been Gone, his last novel of the 1960s appeared.", "Alec Baldwin was born Alexander Rae Baldwin III on April 3, 1958 in Long Island, New York to Alexander Rae Baldwin, Jr. , a high school history/social studies teacher and football coach and Carol Martineau , founder of the Carol M. Baldwin Breast Care Center of the University Hospital and Medical Center at Stony Brook, NY.", "Baldwin's film career began in the 1980s, with roles in movies such as \"Working Girl\" and \"Beetlejuice.\" His role as Jack Ryan in the 1990 film \"The Hunt for Red October\" gave his acting career a huge boost. Baldwin's satirical comedic approach earned him a role as the host of \"Saturday Night Live\" 14 times and landed him on \"30 Rock\" in 2006. He has won an Emmy and two Golden Globes for his role on \"30 Rock,\" which he also co-produces.", "Baldwin was born April 3, 1958, in Amityville, New York, and raised in the Nassau Shores neighborhood of nearby Massapequa, the eldest son of Carol Newcomb (née Martineau; born 1930) and Alexander Rae Baldwin, Jr. (October 26, 1927 – April 15, 1983), a high school history/social studies teacher and football coach. He has three younger brothers, Daniel, William, and Stephen, who also became actors. He also has two sisters, Beth and Jane. Alec and his siblings were raised as Roman Catholics. They are of English, Irish, Scottish, French, and German ancestry. Through his father, Baldwin is descended from Mayflower passenger John Howland, and through this line, is the 13th generation of his family born in North America and the 14th generation to live in North America. ", "Stephen Andrew Baldwin (born May 12, 1966) is an American actor, director, producer, and author. He is known for starring in the films Born on the Fourth of July (1989), Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle (1994), Threesome (1994), The Usual Suspects (1995), Bio-Dome (1996), Fled (1996), The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas (2000), Fred Claus (2007), and The Flyboys (2008). He also starred in the television series The Young Riders (1989–92) and as himself in the reality shows Celebrity Big Brother 7 (UK) and Celebrity Apprentice. In 2004, he directed Livin' It, a Christian-themed skateboarding DVD. He is also known for being the youngest of the Baldwin brothers and for being a Christian evangelist.", "Daniel Baldwin was born on October 5, 1960. He is an American actor, producer and director. He is one of the \"Baldwin brothers\", with brothers William, Stephen and Alec.", "Alec Baldwin first gained recognition appearing on seasons 6 and 7 of the CBS television drama Knots Landing, in the role of Joshua Rush. He has since played both leading and supporting roles in films such as the horror comedy fantasy film Beetlejuice (1988), as Jack Ryan in the action thriller The Hunt for Red October (1990), the romantic comedy The Marrying Man (1991), the superhero film The Shadow (1994), and two films directed by Martin Scorsese: the Howard Hughes biopic The Aviator (2004) and the neo-noir crime drama The Departed (2006). His performance in the 2003 romantic drama The Cooler garnered him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.", "* Alec Baldwin, American actor, producer, and comedian was a busboy at Studio 54, a New York City disco.", "Sir Alec Guinness, CH, CBE (2 April 1914 – 5 August 2000) was an English actor. He was featured in several of the Ealing Comedies, including Kind Hearts and Coronets in which he played eight different characters. He later won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his role as Colonel Nicholson in The Bridge on the River Kwai. His most prominent role in his later career was as Obi-Wan Kenobi in the original Star Wars trilogy.", "3 The Baldwin as Crusader. Alec has been the most outspoken politically. Touted as a potential Democratic senatorial candidate in New York, he was the main attraction of a bus tour in the Northeast, promoting campaign finance reform. He has also lobbied for funding for the arts. Alec makes news with his caustic condemnations: He called Newt Gingrich \"evil\" and Alfonse D'Amato \"the bozo pool attendant from Island Park.\" After graduating from the State University of New York at Binghamton, Billy interned for Congressman Tom Downey. Both Billy and Alec have headed the liberal actors' advocacy group the Creative Coalition. Stephen and Daniel are apolitical.", "With the second highest number of hosting appearances, Alec Baldwin was another one of those people who surprised everybody by being amazingly funny right from the start. It seems hard to believe now, but Baldwin made his name in Hollywood as a serious actor and romantic lead. It wasn’t until he appeared on SNL that people even knew he could do comedy. These days, he recognized as one of the funniest comedic actors of his generation, and a lot of that has to do with the incredible stuff he did on SNL. Which of course led to him being cast on 30 Rock, where he continues to rack up the comedy accolades and awards. In a way, SNL allowed him to make the transition from dramatic lead to hilarious character actor. Well, that and his expanding waistline .", "Pretty people doing ugly things: that’s, alas, the experience of watching the leaden Neil Simon–penned 1991 The Marrying Man. Alec Baldwin and Kim Basinger met on the set of the picture, and while the chemistry they display isn’t exactly light—they come off like an aspiring power couple throughout—it’s evident. The two married in 1993, had a tempestuous (to say the least) marriage, and divorced, in 2002, with a daughter and one other bad movie (a very ill-advised remake of the Ali MacGraw–Steve McQueen classic, The Getaway) to their credit.", "2The Stanislavskian Baldwin. All the Baldwins claim to have been schooled in Method acting, studying under teachers with Russian-sounding names. Alec especially worships Marlon Brando, quoting incessantly from On the Waterfront and playing Stanley Kowalski in the Broadway revival of A Streetcar Named Desire. Film critics like to gripe that none of the Baldwins has any range: They're character actors with leading-man bodies. (Each has a niche: Alec is the ideal psychopathic villain, Daniel the hard-drinking cop, Billy the slimy pretty boy, Stephen the screwball comedian.) Several studio executives have jokingly responded that if their talents were combined in a single actor, he would be the next Cary Grant.", "First comes Alec (pictured on the right, with brother William on the left). He is the eldest and best-known Baldwin. You may remember him from such films as THE HUNT FOR RED OCTOBER and THE JUROR.", "By far the most successful of the Baldwin brothers has been Alec, who has established himself as a venerable and adaptable actor able to play in both comedies and dramas . Although he has had his share of personal troubles, Alec has starred in such high-profile films and television series as “The Hunt for Red October,” “The Aviator” and the hit comedy series “30 Rock .”", "Baldwin shifted towards character acting, beginning with Pearl Harbor in 2001. He played Lt. Col. James Doolittle in the film. With a worldwide box office of $449,220,945, this film remains the highest-grossing film Baldwin has appeared in during his acting career. Baldwin was nominated for an Academy Award, a Golden Globe, and the Screen Actors Guild Award for his performance in the 2003 gambling drama The Cooler. He appeared in Martin Scorsese's The Aviator (2004) and The Departed (2006). In 2006, he starred in the film Mini's First Time. He performed opposite Sarah Michelle Gellar in Suburban Girl (2007). Two years later, he co-starred in the hit romantic comedy It's Complicated with Meryl Streep and Steve Martin.", "Alec Baldwin had a varying career in television and movies before joining the Thomas brand in 1998 under the banner of ‘Thomas the Tough Guy’ in the media, citing his various movie roles.  Sadly, Alec did not appear to have the great deal of enthusiasm for the role that his predecessors before him had, and often came across as being flat and uninterested in the storylines.  However, certain aspects of his voice acting did allow him to inject some of himself into the characters, particularly James, who was made to sound rather camp under Baldwin’s narrative – something he was pulled up on by Talk Show host Conan O’Brien.", "Alec Baldwin won his fifth-straight guild award for best actor in a comedy series for “30 Rock.”", "Daniel Baldwin is an American actor who is a member of the famous Baldwin family. His brothers, Alec, Stephen and William are also actors.", "Alec Baldwin appeared in a Saturday Night Live skit as a similar character but as an elf in Santa's workshop. He flubbed the line \"Always Be Cobbling\" as \"Always Be Closing\" See more »", "Directed by Phil Joanou. Starring Alec Baldwin, Kelly Lynch, Eric Roberts, Teri Hatcher, Mary Stuart Masterson.", "- Alec Baldwin/Jonas Brothers (2009) ... (performer: \"Ask the Wizard\", \"Struck by Lightning\", \"Tonight\", \"Video Girl\")", "The 1992 film adaptation directed by James Foley was released using an expanded script featuring a role specifically written for Alec Baldwin.", "James Baldwin, 1924 � 1987  Go Tell It on the Mountain, Nobody Knows My Name, The Fire Next Time, James Baldwin called Harlem \"the only human part of New York\", but left it anyway", "Born Elia Kazanjoglous in Constantinople, now Istanbul, Elia Kazan (1909-2003) immigrated to New York City with his family in 1913. A graduate of Williams College, Kazan studied at Yale, acted with the Group Theatre, and cofounded the Actor's Studio, emphasizing the importance for the actor to personalize each role through the prism of his experience. Known as \"The Method,\" it became the hallmark of Kazan's achievements as a theatre and screen director. After attaining enormous success with a string of stage productions now considered classics, Kazan directed the first of his 19 films, 1945's A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, for which James Dunn and Peggy Ann Garner gave the first two of what would turn out to be 10 Oscar-winning performances guided by him. Kazan twice won directing Oscars - 1947's Gentleman's Agreement and 1954's On the Waterfront, both of which also won Best Picture. He was awarded a Career Achievement Oscar in 1999.", "After graduating from high school, Baldwin enrolled at George Washington University in 1976, but then transferred to New York University to read for a Bachelor of Arts degree in Drama. He curtailed his studies, however, and didn’t actually return to complete his degree until 1994. Instead, he opted to study acting at the famous Lee Strasberg Theatre Institute, where his tutors were Elaine Aiken and Geoffrey Horne.", "The sports-obsessed Goldberg graduated from Lafayette High School but then got kicked out of Brandeis University and Hofstra University. In 1969, while holding down a job as a waiter at the Village Gate nightclub in New York’s Greenwich Village, he met his future wife, Pan Am flight attendant Diana Meehan. They hitchhiked around the world for more than a year with Ubu -- something Alex Keaton's hippie parents might have done -- opened an \"organic\" day care center in Berkeley, Calif., and eventually moved to Southern California.", "In October 1995, Baldwin allegedly assaulted a photographer for videotaping his wife, Kim Basinger, and their 3-day-old daughter. The couple was returning from the hospital and were confronted by the photographer outside their Los Angeles home. Whoopi Goldberg praised Baldwin for his actions during her opening monologue while hosting the 68th Academy Awards. ", "In 1975, Douglas produced One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, having acquired the rights to the Ken Kesey novel from his father. The film received critical and popular acclaim, and won the Academy Award for Best Picture, earning Douglas his first Oscar as one of the film's producers. After leaving The Streets of San Francisco in 1976, Douglas went on to produce films including The China Syndrome (1979) and Romancing the Stone (1984). He won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy for Romancing the Stone, which he also starred in, thus reintroducing himself to audiences as a capable leading man.", "In 1968, Worth commissioned a screenplay from novelist James Baldwin, who was later joined by Arnold Perl, a screenwriter who had been a victim of McCarthy-era blacklisting. However, the screenplay took longer to develop than anticipated. Perl died in 1971.", "His real name was Erik Weisz and he was born in Budapest, Austria-Hungary. He came to the United States at age four, when his father accepted a job as a Rabbi in Appleton, Wisconsin. Two years later, his father lost his job and the family moved to New York City. He was always more athletic than everyone else. At age nine he gave public performances swinging on a trapeze, and he became a champion cross country runner." ]

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[ "As of 2013, there were 14 states with more than 100,000 American Indian and Alaska Native Residents: California, Oklahoma, Arizona, Texas, New Mexico, Washington, New York, North Carolina, Florida, Alaska, Michigan, Oregon, Colorado, and Minnesota.[3]", "The Cree tribe is one of the largest American Indian groups in North America. There are 200,000 Cree people today living in communities throughout Canada and in parts of the northern United States ( North Dakota and Montana ). Here is a map showing the traditional territories of the Cree and some of their neighbors. There are also more than 100,000 Metis people in Canada. Many Metis people descend from Cree Indians and French Canadian voyageurs.", "The Cree are one of the largest groups of First Nations / Native Americans in North America, with 200,000 members living in Canada. The major proportion of Cree in Canada live north and west of Lake Superior, in Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and the Northwest Territories. About 15,000 live in eastern Quebec. In the United States, this Algonquian-speaking people historically lived from Lake Superior westward. Today, they live mostly in Montana, where they share a reservation with the Ojibwe (Chippewa). The documented westward migration over time has been strongly associated with their roles as traders and hunters in the North American Fur Trade.", "No, those are just English names that describe how different Cree bands lived. Cree Indians from prairie regions, especially in southern Manitoba and Alberta, are often known as the Plains Cree. Cree Indians who live in the forested land further to the north and east are often known as the Woodland Cree. Woodland and Plains Cree people share the same language and customs, but they had some differences in traditional lifestyle based on their environment. For example, the Woodland Crees built houses out of birchbark, but the Plains Crees built teepees out of buffalo hide.", "Each Cree community lives on its own reserve (or reservation, in the United States.) Reserves are lands that belong to the Crees and are under their control. Cree Indian bands are called First Nations in Canada and tribes in the United States. Each Cree tribe or First Nation is politically independent and has its own government, laws, police, and services, just like a small country. Some Cree nations have also formed coalitions to address common problems.", "* Pitikwahanapiwiyin (Pîhtokahânapiwiyin - ‘Poundmaker’, Chief of the River Cree, born about 1842 in the North Battleford Region in Saskatchewan; son of Sikakwayan (‘Skunk Skin’), a shaman of the Assiniboine and a Franco-Canadian Métis woman who was the sister of Mistāwasis (\"Big Child\"). Pitikwahanapiwiyin was chief of a band consisting of Plains River Cree (Sīpīwininiwak-paskwāwiyiniwak), Woods River Cree (‘Sīpīwininiwak-sakāwiyiniwak’), Western Woodland Cree (Sakāwiyiniwak) and Nakoda (Stoney), was adopted in 1873 by the Siksika chief Crowfoot as son, lived several years by the Blackfeet-name Makoyi-koh-kin (‘Wolf Thin Legs’) under the Siksika, returned to the Cree, became counsellor to Pihew-kamihkosit (‘Red Pheasant’), was involved in the negotiations for the Treaty 6 in 1876 and went in 1879 in the Poundmaker reservation, later he participated in the siege of Battleford and the Battle of Cut Knife, died 4 July 1886 in Blackfoot Crossing, Alberta) ", "Northern Cree peoples lived along Hudson Bay and throughout the northern landscape of what it now called Manitoba. Many Cree men became friends with European fur traders who worked for the Hudson’s Bay Company. They became middlemen for the Hudson’s Bay Company, transporting goods from the north to the inland people, making trade for furs, and returning to Hudson Bay with the furs.", "* Mistahi-maskwa (recorded as Mistihui'muskwa or as Mistahimusqua; better known as Big Bear in English and as Gros Ours in French), Chief of the Plains Cree, born about 1825, son of the Ojibwa leader Mukitou (‘Black Powder’), mastered his native language, the Cree language, as well as Ojibwe language, led the last resistance to the dispersal of the Cree on many reservations and asked for a big total reserve, a revolt of the young warriors under the leadership of one of his sons in 1885 destroyed these plans, died 17 January 1888 on the Poundmaker reservation in North Battleford in Saskatchewan.", "The Cree are the largest group of First Nations in Canada, with 220,000 members and 135 registered bands. This large population may be a result of the Crees' traditional openness to intertribal marriage. Together, their reserve lands are the largest of any First Nations group in the country. The largest Cree band and the second largest First Nations Band in Canada after the Six Nations Iroquois is the Lac La Ronge Band in northern Saskatchewan.", "The name \"Cree\" is derived from the Algonkian-language exonym Kirištino˙, which the Ojibwa used for tribes around Hudson Bay. The French colonists and explorers, who spelled the term Kilistinon, Kiristinon, Knisteneaux, Cristenaux, and Cristinaux, used the term for numerous tribes which they encountered north of Lake Superior, in Manitoba, and west of there. The French used these terms to refer to various groups of peoples in Canada, some of which are now better distinguished as Severn Anishinaabe (Ojibwa), who speak dialects different from the Algonquin. ", "While it is not known exactly how many Seneca there are, approximately 10,000 Seneca live near Lake Erie. About 7,800 people are citizens of the Seneca Nation of Indians. These members live or work on five reservations in New York: the Allegany (which contains the city of Salamanca); the Cattaraugus near Gowanda, New York; the Buffalo Creek Territory located in downtown Buffalo; the Niagara Falls Territory located in Niagara Falls, New York; and the Oil Springs Reservation, near Cuba. Few Seneca reside at the Oil Springs, Buffalo Creek, or Niagara territories due to the small amount of land at each. The last two territories are held and used specifically for the gaming casinos which the tribe has developed.", "Key Representatives of First Nations Groups: Crowfoot ( Blackfoot Nation ), Big Bear ( Cree Nation ), Chief Powassin (Ojibwe Nation), Chief Keenooshayoo (Athabasca First Nations)", "The Cree language (also known in the most broad classification as Cree-Montagnais, Cree-Montagnais-Naskapi, to show the groups included within it) is the name for a group of closely related Algonquian languages spoken by approximately 117,000 people across Canada, from the Northwest Territories to Labrador. It is the most widely spoken aboriginal language in Canada. The only region where Cree has official status is in the Northwest Territories, together with eight other aboriginal languages. ", "The Cree Indians were primarily hunting people. Northern Cree hunters pursued caribou, elk, and moose, as well as smaller game like beaver and rabbits. The Plains Cree followed the buffalo herds in a nomadic lifestyle. For the Eastern Cree, fishing and hunting seals from canoes were more important. Cree women gathered nuts and fruits, and in southern bands, they also grew some corn. The Cree Indian man in this photo is pounding pemmican, a traditional Cree food made from dried meat. Here is a website with more information about Native Canadian food.", "55. This language family was the most widely distributed in the Northeast United States and Canada at the time European colonization began. Identify the language family that today includes Cree, Ojibwa, and Cheyenne.", "The Potawatomis originated in the Great Lakes area near present-day Green Bay, Wisconsin. In the 1830s and 1840s they fled the advance of white settlement. Most of the tribe moved to Kansas and Oklahoma, but one group allied itself with the Kickapoos and settled at the headwaters of the Sabine and Trinity rivers in 1852. They were involved in the Dove Creek massacre incident in 1865.", "Wikuchela Waters sleeps on his parents’ bed in Allen, South Dakota. Allen, part of the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, has been called the poorest city in America, with a per capita income of $1,539. Over 90% of the population on the Pine Ridge Reservation lives below the federal poverty line, while unemployment ranges from 85% to 90%.", "The 44th state was another heavily Metis and Native populated northern state of the Great Plains. The state reverted back to a classic naming convention when it chose as its namesake the major river flowing through its heart. The Cree called it the kisiskāciwani-sīpiy or swift flowing river. This worked its way into English over the centuries as Kisskachewan.", "In the 1600s there were two major groups of Indians living in the Eastern Woodlands (the land east of the Mississippi River), the Iroquois and the Algonquian groups.  These two groups of Indians had some similarities.  They both farmed and hunted for food, used canoes to travel the waterways of North America and used wood and bark for building shelter.", "create 250,000 new jobs before he launches his 2014 re-election bid, extolled the project in his recent State of the State address. He even surrounded himself with hard-hatted union members he said want to work at the mine during the speech. But the Bad River reservation lies just north of the mine site, where the Bad River empties into Lake Superior. According to lore, the tribe settled in the forests and marshes here long before European settlers arrived because the wild rice fulfilled a prophecy that the tribe’s wanderings would end when it found food growing on water. Most of the tribe’s weathered houses and mobile homes and its casino, one of the state’s smallest, sit in the woods along U.S. Highway 2 about 80 miles east of Duluth, Minn. Per capita income was $12,352, according to the latest Census Bureau estimates. But tribal leaders hold fast to their connection with the natural world. Signs on the reservation’s borders inform travelers the land is sacred, and tribal members still rely on the land for sustenance. “The view you get here is the view your ancestors had,” tribal chairman Mike Wiggins Jr. said as he scrolled through photos of the reservation’s beaches and spectacular sunsets on his laptop. “These things really do matter.”", "The last group of prehistoric peoples to live along the northern Red River was called the Selkirk Culture. They are the ancestors of the modern Cree Indians. They were dominant along the Red River all the way from Lockport to north of Selkirk.", "In recorded times, the Dane-zaa (historically called the \"Beaver tribe\"), the Chipewyan people, the South Slavey (Dene Tha'), and Woods Cree people are known to have inhabited, and sometimes quarrelled over, the region. The Dane-zaa, Chipewyan, and South Slavey speak (or spoke) languages from the Northern Athabaskan family which is also common in the regions to the north and west of the park, and call themselves the \"Dene\" collectively. The Cree, by contrast, are an Algonquian people and are thought to have migrated here from the east within the timeframe of recorded history.", "Plains Indians, Interior Plains Indians or Indigenous people of the Great Plains and Canadian Prairies are the Native American tribes and First Nation band governments who have traditionally lived on the greater Interior Plains (i.e. the Great Plains and the Canadian Prairies) in North America. Their historic nomadic culture and development of equestrian culture and resistance to domination by the government and military forces of Canada and the United States have made the Plains Indian culture groups an archetype in literature and art for American Indians everywhere.", "In 2010, more than 45,000 enrolled Six Nations people lived in Canada, and about 80,000 in the United States.", "* Kahkewistahaw Chief of the Rabbit Skin Cree (Wāpošwayānak) and Saulteaux, signed on 15 September 1874 the Treaty 4, his tribal group was hunting in the area around Wood Mountain and the Cypress Hills and went back to the Qu'Appelle Valley once a year to get their payments and gifts until a reserve was established in 1881) ", "Morse, J., D. Young, and L. Swartz. 1991. Cree Indian healing practices and Western health care: a comparative analysis. Soc. Sci. Med. 32:1361-1366.", "* Kee-a-kee-ka-sa-coo-way (‘The Man Who gives the War Whoop’), Chief of the Plains Cree, was in the middle of the 19th century the leading chief of the Plains Cree, had also a large following among the Plains Ojibwa around Fort Pitt, his sub-chief was Mukitou (‘Black Powder’), the father of Mistahi-maskwa.", "Plains Cree people were early residents of the St. Clements region. They traded with other First Nations people to the south and with French and English/Scottish fur traders when they came to the region.", "From the interaction of its native inhabitants with its newer visitors and residents, including fur traders, gold miners, homesteaders, and cattlemen, to the development of its political systems, the state's rich heritage is captured here. By placing the opportunities and challenges of the last century--rural electrification, interstate highways, agricultural consolidation, ongoing dialogues among American Indians and non-Indians--in context, Miller contends that the state's citizens will be better able to forge its future in the new millennium.", "The Plains Cree, after acquiring horses and firearms, were more militant than the Woodlands Cree, raiding and warring against many other Plains tribes. Though reportedly divided into 12 bands, each with its own chief, the Plains Cree had but one integrated military society. Religion and ceremony were highly valued, seemingly as means of fostering success in war and the bison hunt. The Assiniboin were the traditional allies of both the Plains and Woodland Cree.", "Although the Haudenosaunee's bond to the land remains, most no longer live as farmers. Census data from 1980 show that two-thirds of the Iroquois people lived in urban areas. About half of those living outside urban settings actually lived on reservations. Ties to the homeland and the tribal culture are strong, however, and those who live off the reservation return from time to time to visit relatives and to spiritually renew themselves.", "HURON. A French appellation bestowed upon the lake bearing this name and also to the tribe of Wyandots living on its banks - Schoolcraft." ]

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[ "combat resulted in the transformation of one of the most remarkable men in modern American politics. He is known to history as one of the greatest legislators ever to serve in the Senate. But before he moved into politics, Bob Dole — once a high school basketball star renowned for his two-hand set shot and later an advocate for the disabled — was blown apart by a shell on the side of an Italian mountain while leading his troops in the last months of the war, injured so badly that a platoon sergeant gave him a shot of morphine but didn’t think he would survive. He almost didn’t. “We had two ski guys with us,’’ Dole, then 92, told me last winter. “I was no mountain guy, but they were. They dragged me to safety, and then they stayed with me far too long, or at least longer than they probably should have.’’ Dole was so profoundly injured that his weight dropped to 122 pounds. One day his temperature spiked to 107.8 degrees. He lost his right kidney. He was hospitalized for four years. At his very depths, Dole was a symbol of the hardship the mountain troops endured — hardships shared even by those who returned fit enough to ski and go on to found scores of mountain resorts in the peacetime primes of their lives.", "Robert Joseph \"Bob\" Dole (born July 22, 1923) is an American politician who represented Kansas in the United States Senate from 1969 to 1996 and in the House of Representatives from 1961 to 1969. In the 1976 presidential election, Dole was the Republican Party nominee for Vice President and incumbent President Gerald Ford's running mate. He ran unsuccessfully for the Republican presidential nomination in 1980 and 1988. In 1996, Dole was able to secure the Republican nomination for President of the United States, but lost the general election to incumbent President Bill Clinton.", " Sept. 21, 1947 -- Future presidential candidate Bob Dole underwent physical therapy at Topeka's VA hospital for treatment of battle wounds sustained while serving with the U.S. Army in Italy (60th anniversary).", "Dole has written several books, including one on jokes told by the Presidents of the United States, in which he ranks the presidents according to their level of humor. On January 18, 1989, Dole was presented with the Presidential Citizens Medal by President Reagan. Then, on January 17, 1997, President Clinton awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom for his service in the military and his political career. Dole received the American Patriot Award in 2004 for his lifelong dedication to America and his service in World War II.", "Elizabeth Hanford Dole (2000) – In January 1999, Elizabeth Hanford Dole resigned her position as president of the American Red Cross, a position she had held since 1991, to consider a run for the Republican nomination for the U.S. presidency. She dropped out of the race in October, 1999. During the 1996 presidential campaign, Dole took a leave of absence from the Red Cross to campaign with her husband, Senator Robert Dole. She has held two cabinet posts: Secretary of Transportation (1983-87) and Secretary of Labor (1989-91). An attorney, Dole served as White House aide in the Johnson and Reagan administrations and was appointed by President Nixon to the Federal Trade Commission. She left her Reagan administration cabinet post to work for the presidential campaign of her husband. She was later appointed as Secretary of Labor by President Bush. She was elected as a U.S. Senator from North Carolina in 2002.", "43.  George W. Bush: Graduated Yale University (1968).  He earned a Master of Business Administration Degree from Harvard Business School in 1975.  Bush worked in the energy business, and was once part owner of the Texas Rangers baseball franchise.  Governor of Texas from 1995- 2000.  Elected President of the US in 2001.  Bush's first initiative was the No Child Left Behind Act, a measure that raised schools standards, requiring accountability in return for tax dollars and lead to measurable gains in achievement, especially among minority students.  Most significant event during his tenure was the 9/11/2001 terrorist attacks that killed nearly 3,000 people in the United States, after which began the War on Terror.  Having lost the 2000 election (for his second term) by more than a half-million popular votes, Bush is the first president since 1888 ( President Benjamin Harrison) to become President without winning the popular votes.  Bush lost the popular vote to Al Core by 500,000 votes, then won a disputed recount in Florida by a few hundred.  George W. Bush is the second father and son to be elected as presidents in the U.S. Presidential history.", "Ronald Wilson Reagan (; February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. Prior to his presidency, he was the 33rd Governor of California from 1967 to 1975, following a career as a Hollywood actor and union leader.", "Ahead of the 1996 primary contest, Senate majority leader and former vice-presidential nominee Bob Dole was seen as the most likely winner. However, Steve Forbes finished first in Delaware and Arizona while paleoconservative firebrand Pat Buchanan managed early victories in Alaska and Louisiana, in addition to a strong second place in the Iowa caucuses and a surprising victory in the small but key New Hampshire primary. Buchanan's New Hampshire win alarmed the Republican \"establishment\" sufficiently as to provoke prominent Republicans to quickly coalesce around Dole, and Dole won every primary starting with North and South Dakota. Dole resigned his Senate seat on June 11 and the Republican National Convention formally nominated Dole on August 15, 1996 for President.", "Ahead of the 1996 primary contest, Senate majority leader and former vice-presidential nominee Bob Dole was seen as the most likely winner. However, Steve Forbes finished first in Delaware and Arizona while paleoconservative firebrand Pat Buchanan managed early victories in Alaska and Louisiana, in addition to a strong second place in the Iowa Caucus and a surprising victory in the small but key New Hampshire primary. Buchanan's New Hampshire win alarmed the Republican \"establishment\" sufficiently as to provoke prominent Republicans to quickly coalesce around Dole, and Dole won every primary starting with North and South Dakota. Dole resigned his Senate seat on June 11 and the Republican National Convention formally nominated Dole on August 15, 1996 as the GOP's nominee for President.", "Bill Clinton was born William Jefferson Blythe III in Hope, Arkansas, to Virginia Dell (Cassidy) and William Jefferson Blythe, Jr., a traveling salesman. His father died in a car crash three months before Bill was born. He was raised by his grandparents for four years while his mother was in Louisiana studying nursing, in order to support herself and her son. In 1950, his mother married Roger Clinton, whose surname young Bill took; his half-brother, Roger Clinton , was born in 1956. Always interested in politics and working to help people, Clinton majored in International Affairs at Georgetown University. He graduated in 1968 and won a Rhodes Scholarship, which he used to study government at Oxford University. Clinton graduated from Yale Law School in 1973. He then taught law in Arkansas, and ran for political office. He was elected Arkansas Attorney General in 1976, then Governor in 1978. He won re-election in 1982, and served until he won the US Presidency in 1992, becoming the 42nd President of the United States, and winning re-election in 1996.", "Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was the 40th President of the United States (1981–1989) and the 33rd Governor of California (1967–1975). Born in Tampico, Illinois , Reagan moved to Los Angeles, California in the 1930s, where he was an actor , president of the Screen Actors Guild (SAG), and a spokesman for General Electric (GE). His start in politics occurred during his work for GE. Originally a member of the Democratic Party , he switched to the Republican Party in 1962, at the age of 51. After delivering a rousing speech in support of Barry Goldwater 's presidential candidacy in 1964 , he was persuaded to seek the California governorship, winning two years later and again in 1970 . He was defeated in his run for the Republican presidential nomination in 1968 as well as 1976 , but won both the nomination and election in 1980 .", "Dole is the only person in the history of the two major U.S. political parties to have been a party's nominee for both President and Vice President, but who was never elected to either office.", "Without meaningful primary opposition, Clinton was able to focus on the general election early, while Dole was forced to move to the right and spend his campaign reserves fighting off challengers. Political adviser Dick Morris urged Clinton to raise huge sums of campaign funds via soft money for an unprecedented early TV blitz of swing states promoting Clinton's agenda and record. As a result, Clinton could run a campaign through the summer defining his opponent as an aged conservative far from the mainstream before Dole was in a position to respond. Compared to the 50-year-old Clinton, then 73-year-old Dole appeared especially old and frail, as illustrated by an embarrassing fall off a stage during a campaign event. Dole further enhanced this contrast on September 18 when he made a reference to a no-hitter thrown the day before by Hideo Nomo of the \"Brooklyn Dodgers\", a team that had left Brooklyn for Los Angeles four decades earlier. A few days later Dole would make a joke about the remark saying \"And I'd like to congratulate the St. Louis Cardinals on winning the N.L. Central. Notice I said the St. Louis Cardinals not the St. Louis Browns.\" (The Browns had left St. Louis after the 1954 season to become the Baltimore Orioles.)", "The producers of 60 Minutes (1968) originally wanted to pair Clinton with right-wing talk-show host Rush Limbaugh in their (now failed) Point/Counterpoint segment, but Clinton's people nixed the idea. They also rejected former Republican Congressman Newt Gingrich , conservative author William J. Bennett , former Christian Coalition executive Ralph Reed and conservative businessman and former Republican presidential candidate Steve Forbes as possible adversaries in debate, before settling on former Senator/Republican Presidential candidate Bob Dole .", "Dole was a World War Two hero who suffered a permanent injury to his right arm. He later served four terms in the House of Representatives. He was elected to the Senate in nineteen sixty-eight and re-elected four times.", "* Pat Buchanan's 2nd place showing in the 1992 and win in the 1996 New Hampshire primaries coincided with the weakness of the future nominees, incumbent George H. W. Bush, and Senator Bob Dole respectively, Bush and Dole subsequently lost the general election.", "Dole was the early front runner for the GOP nomination in the 1996 presidential race. Dole was expected to win the nomination against underdog candidates such as the more conservative Senator Phil Gramm of Texas and more moderate Senator Arlen Specter of Pennsylvania. Pat Buchanan upset Dole in the early New Hampshire primary, however, with Dole finishing second and former Tennessee governor Lamar Alexander finishing third. Publisher Steve Forbes also ran and broadcast a stream of negative ads. At least eight candidates ran for the nomination.", "Dole ran for the 1980 Republican presidential nomination, eventually won by Ronald Reagan. Despite Dole's fame from the '76 campaign, Dole was viewed as a lower-tier candidate, trailing not only Reagan but George Bush, Howard Baker, John Connally, and John Anderson. Dole received only 597 votes (less than 1%) in the New Hampshire primary and immediately withdrew. In March 1980, Dole urged former President Ford to jump into the race as a stop-Reagan candidate.", "Raised in a poor family in small towns of northern Illinois, Ronald Reagan graduated from Eureka College in 1932 and worked as a sports announcer on several regional radio stations. After moving to Hollywood in 1937, he became an actor and starred in a few major productions. Reagan was twice elected as President of the Screen Actors Guild, the labor union for actors, where he worked to root out Communist influence. In the 1950s, he moved into television and was a motivational speaker at General Electric factories. Having been a lifelong Democrat, his views changed. He became a conservative and in 1962 switched to the Republican Party. In 1964, Reagan's speech, \"A Time for Choosing\", in support of Barry Goldwater's floundering presidential campaign, earned him national attention as a new conservative spokesman. Building a network of supporters, he was elected Governor of California in 1966. As governor, Reagan raised taxes, turned a state budget deficit to a surplus, challenged the protesters at the University of California, ordered National Guard troops in during a period of protest movements in 1969, and was re-elected in 1970. He twice ran unsuccessfully for the Republican nominations in 1968 and 1976; four years later, he easily won the nomination outright, going on to be elected the oldest President, defeating incumbent Jimmy Carter in 1980.", "In June 1999, while Governor of Texas, Bush announced his candidacy for President of the United States. With no incumbent running, Bush entered a large field of candidates for the Republican Party presidential nomination consisting of John McCain, Alan Keyes, Steve Forbes, Gary Bauer, Orrin Hatch, Elizabeth Dole, Dan Quayle, Pat Buchanan, Lamar Alexander, John Kasich, and Bob Smith.", "Cronauer is a member of Mensa and a \"lifelong card-carrying Republican\", having taken an \"active role\" in both Bob Dole's 1996 unsuccessful presidential campaign and George W. Bush's 2004 successful presidential re-election campaign.", "Ronald Reagan's popularity helped George Bush gain the Republican nomination. Neither Dole nor Robertson won enough votes in the primary election season to be a threat. Bush was nominated on the first vote at the party convention. The delegates accepted his choice for vice president, Senator Dan Quayle of Indiana.", "March 26 : Robert Dole captures the Republican presidential primaries in California, Nevada, and Washington. Together with the delegates the Kansas senator won in earlier primaries and caucuses, he now has a sufficient number of delegates to gain the Republican presidential nomination.", "Dan Quayle even worked in different committees like Budget Committee, Human Resource and Labor Committee and Committee on the Armed Services. He even worked with Edward Kennedy in the year 1982.Dan Quayle jointly worked with Edward Kennedy in the Job Training Partnership Act. His career in politics began at 29 when he was elected to the US Congress in 1976. At the age of 41 he became the Vice President of USA.", "At the Republican National Convention in August 1976, Ford fought off a serious challenge from Californian Governor Ronald Reagan to be nominated as his party's presidential candidate. He chose Senator Robert Dole of Kansas as his running mate.", "A lifelong supporter of the Democratic Party, Peck was suggested in 1970 as a possible Democratic candidate to run against Ronald Reagan for the office of California Governor. Although he later admitted that he had no interest in being a candidate himself for public office, Peck encouraged one of his sons, Carey Peck, to run for political office. Carey was defeated both times by slim margins in races in 1978 and 1980 against Republican U.S. Representative Bob Dornan, another former actor.", "Barry was a businessman and five-term United States Senator from Arizona (1953–65, 1969–87) and the Republican Party's nominee for president in the 1964 election. An articulate and charismatic figure during the first half of the 1960s, he was known as \"Mr. Conservative\".", "The incumbent president, George W. Bush, was ineligible to be elected to a third term due to term limits in the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution. McCain secured the Republican nomination by March 2008, but the Democratic nomination was marked by a sharp contest between Obama and initial front-runner Senator Hillary Clinton, with Obama not securing the nomination until early June. Early campaigning had focused heavily on the Iraq War and the unpopularity of outgoing Republican President George W. Bush, but all candidates focused on domestic concerns as well, which grew more prominent as the economy experienced the onset of the Great Recession and a major financial crisis that peaked in September 2008.", "In 1984, former vice president and presidential candidate Walter Mondale, seen as an underdog, selected Ferraro to be his running mate in the upcoming election. Ferraro became the only Italian American to be a major-party national nominee in addition to being the first woman. The positive polling the Mondale-Ferraro ticket received when she joined soon faded, as damaging questions arose about her and her businessman husband's finances and wealth and her Congressional disclosure statements. In the general election, Mondale and Ferraro were defeated in a landslide by incumbent President Ronald Reagan and Vice President George H. W. Bush.", "In 1982, McDougal made a failed bid for the United States House of Representatives against the Republican incumbent John Paul Hammerschmidt in Arkansas's northwesterly Third Congressional District. Hammerschmidt polled 133,909 votes (66 percent) to McDougal's 69,089 (34 percent). Coincidentally, Clinton himself had been defeated by Hammerschmidt in this same district in 1974. McDougal entered the political arena again at the height of the Whitewater controversy, running in the 1994 Democratic Primary in Arkansas' Fourth Congressional District in South Arkansas. McDougal ran last in a three-man race, getting twenty-three percent of the vote in a primary won by State Senator Jay Bradford of Pine Bluff, who in turn lost the general election to first-term Republican Congressman Jay Dickey in 1994's \"Battle of the Jays\".", "\"Although we planned and met our objective of campaigning in all fifty states--the only candidate to do so--by June 2000, only a small fraction of the audience was reached, compared to the forty to ninety million people who were expected to watch each of the nationally televised debates. The CPD was the barrier, and for obvious reasons. Organized as a private corporation in 1988 by the Republican and Democratic parties, this supposedly educational organization was actually an exclusionary mechanism to keep out third-party competitors. Funded heavily by companies such as Philip Morris, Anheuser-Busch, Ford Motor Co., and AT&T, the CPD decided all the rules, including the number of debates, their location, the format, and who would ask questions. No one close to this hybrid had any doubts that the two nominees were the final decision makers.", "     On January 6th, The Commission on Presidential Debates, a non-governmental entity funded by corporations and foundations, ruled that participation in three nationally-televised debates in the fall of 2000 (October 3, October 11, and October 17) would be limited to those presidential candidates who received an average of 15% or more voter support from five national polls--USA TODAY/CNN/Gallup, ABC/Washington Post, CBS/New York Times,Fox/Opinion Dynamics and NBC/Wall Street Journal (the average poll rating would be calculated at the end of September, before the first debate). In addition, presidential candidates would have to be on the ballot in enough states to achieve an electoral college vote majority of at least 270 votes. It was unlikely that any third party candidate would be able to meet both of these eligibility criteria." ]

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[ "In its 11 seasons on the air, Happy Days still remains one of ABC 's longest-running sitcoms (behind The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet , which ran 14 seasons, from 1952 to 1966), and one of the longest-running prime time programs in the network's history. It is also unique in that it remained in the Tuesday at 8:00 p.m. time slot for the series' first ten seasons. The network has not had an entertainment series that has run consistently in the same slot since.", "* In its 11 seasons on the air, Happy Days is the second-longest running sitcom in ABC's history (behind The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet, which ran 14 seasons, from 1952 to 1966), and one of the longest-running primetime programs in the network's history. It is also unique in that it remained in the Tuesday at 8:00 p.m. time slot for the series' first ten seasons. Tuesdays at 8 p.m. became a signature timeslot for ABC, with Who's The Boss? instantly becoming a Top 10 hit when it was moved from Thursdays and staying in that time slot for six seasons, followed by the equally family-friendly sitcom Full House (another Miller-Boyett co-production). That sitcom also hit the Top 10 immediately after inheriting the Tuesday at 8 p.m. slot and then stayed there for four seasons.", "Marshall created the hit show \"Happy Days,\" which ran for 11 seasons through 1984. During its peak, \"Happy Days\" was the No. 1 show on television during the 1976-77 season, No. 2 in 1977-78 and No. 4 the following year, and Henry Winkler's the Fonz became a cultural touchstone, with his leather jacket eventually landing in the Smithsonian.", "Happy Days is an American television sitcom that originally aired from 1974 to 1984 on ABC . The show presents an idealized vision of life in mid 1950s to mid 1960s America. The family consists of Howard Cunningham, a hardware store owner, his homemaker wife Marion and the couple's two children, Richie , an optimistic if somewhat naïve teenager, and Joanie , Richie's sweet but feisty younger sister. The Cunninghams also had an older son named Chuck, a character who disappeared during the second season.", "The series became an instant hit in the first season when it finished tied in third place with Happy Days in the Nielsen ratings. The series was nominated for an Emmy for Outstanding Comedy Series. Robin Williams received an Emmy nomination for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series. He won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor � Television Series Musical or Comedy in 1979. Some changes to the stories and cast were made in the second season. It was also moved to a different night and timeslot. The show never recovered in the ratings. Williams' idol Jonathan Winters was brought in the final season as Mork and Mindy's child, Mearth. They still had a nice run for four seasons and 95 episodes. Williams also appeared as Mork in the premiere episode of the ABC sitcom Out of the Blue. He returned as Mork in the sixth season Happy Days episode titled \"Mork Returns.\" He also voiced the character in the animated series the Mork & Mindy/Laverne & Shirley/Fonz Hour in 1982-1983.", "Happy Days is ABC’s second-longest running sitcom in television history. Coming in only behind “The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet” which was on for fourteen seasons.", "Happy Days would appear in the top 20 several other seasons during the shows run. It finished #16 with a 21.5 during the 1974 (first season). During the 1975-76 season, it finished 11th with a 23.9 rating. Following the #1 rated season of 1976-77, it finished 2nd in 1977-78 with a 31.4 rating. A year later, Happy Days finished tied for 3rd with a 28.6 rating with Mork and Mindy behind Laverne & Shirley and Three's Company. It finished the 1979-80 season at #17 with a 21.7 rating. For the 1980-81 season, it was #15 with a 20.8 rating. 1981-1982 found Happy Days at #18 with a 20.6 rating. During the 1982-83 season, it finished #28 with a 17.4 rating. If anyone can fill me on the missing years, please contact me.", "Happy Days was a better 1970s show than a 1980s—they’d already literally jumped the shark before the Reagan era began. But the show endures—in our hearts and on our late-night TV blocks—all these years because of its endearing innocence, whether from Marion Cunningham or her kids Richie and Joanie. When Ron Howard left after seven seasons (gone off to the army), Fonzie carried the series on his leather-jacket-clad shoulders.—Josh Jackson", "CBS programming head Fred Silverman scheduled Good Times directly against Happy Days during their respective second seasons in an attempt to kill the ABC show's growing popularity. However, he was named president of ABC in 1975 , and so was given the task of saving Happy Days during its third season (which saw a rapid increase in ratings). This explains Happy Days appearing in the Top 20 for the 1973–74 and 1975–76 seasons, but being completely absent from the Top 30 in 1974–75.", "Richie, Potsie and Ralph learned from the Fonz as they navigated the mean streets of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and spent time at their fave hang-out, Arnold’s Drive-In. Created by director Garry Marshall, Happy Days was his first series after working on several hits including The Dick Van Dyke Show, The Joey Bishop Show and The Danny Thomas Show. The series had a strong secondary cast with the Cunningham family – Howard, Marion and Joanie as well as Pat Morita as Arnold, and eventually newer characters such as Scott Baio as Chachi, Fonzie’s cousin, and Al Molinaro as Big Al, a replacement for Pat Morita.", "During its peak, “Happy Days” was the No. 1 show on television during the 1976-77 season, No. 2 in 1977-78 and No. 4 the following year, and Winkler’s the Fonz became a cultural touchstone, with his leather jacket eventually landing in the Smithsonian. Years later Marshall acknowledged being the one behind the idea, for a 1977 episode, of putting Fonzie on water skis — an idea so outlandish that it spawned the phrase “jumped the shark,” said in reference to a show that is clearly past its prime.", "This long-running show spawned several other television series, including Laverne & Shirley , Mork & Mindy , and Joanie Loves Chachi , and is currently a musical touring the United States. The show has been syndicated under the title Happy Days Again.", "* Happy Days also proved to be quite popular in daytime reruns; they joined the ABC daytime schedule in 1975, airing reruns at 11:30 a.m. (ET), being moved to 11 a.m. in 1977, paired with Family Feud following at 11:30 a.m. It was replaced on the daytime schedule by reruns of its spin-off, Laverne & Shirley, in April 1979.", "The show's closing theme song in season 1 was a fragment from \"Happy Days,\" written by Charles Fox and Norman Gimbel . According to SAG, this version was performed by Jimmy Haas (lead vocal), Ron Hicklin , Stan Farber, Jerry Whitman and Gary Garrett (backing vocals), plus studio musicians.", "Friends received acclaim throughout its run, becoming one of the most popular television shows of all time. The series was nominated for 62 Primetime Emmy Awards, winning the Outstanding Comedy Series award in 2002 for its eighth season. The show ranked no. 21 on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time and no. 7 on Empire magazine's The 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time. In 1997, the episode \"The One with the Prom Video\" was ranked no. 100 on TV Guide's 100 Greatest Episodes of All-Time. In 2013, Friends ranked no. 24 on the Writers Guild of America's 101 Best Written TV Series of All Time and no. 28 on TV Guide's 60 Best TV Series of All Time.", "Photo: Clockwise from left, \"Happy Days\" co-stars Ron Howard, Anson Williams, Henry Winkler as The Fonz, Al Molinari and Tom Bosley.", "The Happy Days softball team included many cast members, writers, and other people relating to the show. Many other actors/actresses would play on their team including Tom Hanks, Robin Williams, Tony Danza, Penny Marshall, and Rob Reiner. They would play across the US in major league ballparks before MLBB games. They also would make a trip to Germany and a trip to Okinawa for the troops. Henry Winkler was reportedly a great pitcher for the team.", "I've always thought Happy Days is one of the best shows ever. It was cool, the Cunninghams were great, as was the Fonz, Potsie and Ralph. In later years the love of Joanie and Chachi made the show worthwhile viewing after Richie and Ralph left.", "In Italy, Happy Days receives higher ratings than other US shows such as Baywatch, Friends, Beverly Hills 90210, and Star Trek.", "The show moved to Sunday nights during seasons 3-13 from September 24,1961 until April 11,1971. It was here between 1961-1967,that the show was within the top ten of the Nielsens.", "Every episode of Happy Days ends with offscreen singers reprising the last few lines of the theme song (\"These happy days are yours and mine, happy days!\").", "What do Grey's Anatomy and Happy Days have in common? They debuted at midseason. What other shows hit the midseason jackpot? Check out our list!", "• Based on the average audience, according to Nielsen, Super Bowls account for eight of the top 15 most-watched television programs ever.", "I am 14 years old and I love Happy Days- there should be more programs like it now! I am a fan of older TV shows, as well as new ones [I love Starsky and Hutch], but If I ever need cheering up- I always put Happy Days on. I think I watch at least one episode a day and it puts me in a good mood!", "by • TV Shows - 1960s , TV Shows - 1970s , TV Shows - 1980s , TV Shows - 1990s , Variety", "Mark Goodson-Bill Todman Productions created this unique show which was aired from 1950 to 1967, and consisted of several brief revivals until 1975. This show underwent several modifications by John Charles Daly, and several celebrities were featured in over 2000 episodes for 25 seasons.", "A veteran of more than 150 live TV dramas, Nielsen graduated to supporting and starring roles in movies like The Poseidon Adventures and Forbidden Planet. He played many, many roles on television shows of the 50s and 60s including guest shots on The Fugitive , Peyton Place , The Wild Wild West , and the pilot of Hawaii Five-0 . Later TV appearances include those on Murder, She Wrote , Who’s the Boss , Kung Fu , M*A*S*H , Fantasy Island , and the finale of The Golden Girls .", "From the late 1950s through the 1960s, Horne was a staple of TV variety shows, appearing multiple times", "The Brady Bunch is an American sitcom created by Sherwood Schwartz that aired from September 26, 1969, to March 8, 1974, on ABC. The series revolves around a large blended family with six children.", "Stars from sitcoms including 'Friends'��, 'Cheers'��, and 'Frasier'�� are taking part in a one-off show to celebrate veteran sitcom director James Burrows's 1000th episode behind the camera. Mark Kelly reports. Image: Friends Television Stills", "The 1960s premiered some of the major series considered classic television today. It was also the decade that westerns and urban sitcoms flourished.", "Over the last 50 years, there have been many significant dates in Australian television history. Here are some of the highlights:" ]

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[ "Watership Down is a heroic fantasy novel about a small group of rabbits, written by British author Richard Adams. Although the animals in the story live in their natural environment, they are anthropomorphised, possessing their own culture, language, proverbs, poetry, and mythology. Evoking epic themes, the novel recounts the rabbits' odyssey as they escape the destruction of their warren to seek a place in which to establish a new home, encountering perils and temptations along the way. The novel takes its name from the rabbits' destination, Watership Down, a hill in the north of Hampshire, England, near the area where Adams grew up. The story is based on a collection of tales that Adams told to his young children to pass the time on trips to the countryside. Published in 1972, Watership Down was Richard Adams' first novel, and is by far his most successful to date. Though it was initially rejected by thirteen publishers before eventually being accepted by Rex Collings Ltd, Watership Down has never been out of print, and was the recipient of several prestigious awards. Adapted into an acclaimed classic film and a television series, it is Penguin Books' best-selling novel of all time. In 1996, Adams published Tales from Watership Down, a follow-up collection of 19 short stories about El-ahrairah and the rabbits of the Watership Down warren.", "Watership Down is a classic adventure novel, written by English author Richard Adams, published by Rex Collings Ltd of London in 1972. Set in southern England, the story features a small group of rabbits. Although they live in their natural environment, they are anthropomorphised, possessing their own culture, language, proverbs, poetry, and mythology. Evoking epic themes, the novel follows the rabbits as they escape the destruction of their warren and seek a place to establish a new home, encountering perils and temptations along the way.", "In 1972 Richard Adams wrote a novel, Watership Down, which told the story of a small group of rabbits that were unhappy in the warren they lived in and decided to break out. The book recounts the rabbits' odyssey as they sought a place in which to establish a new home - a sort of utopian society - encountering perils and temptations along the way. Although thirteen publishers initially rejected the story before it was accepted by Rex Collings Ltd, the book has subsequently never been out of print, and in 1978 an English adventure drama animated film was produced based on the tale.", "Richard Adams, in full Richard George Adams (born May 9, 1920, Wash Common, Berkshire [now West Berkshire], England —died December 24, 2016), English author known for redefining anthropomorphic fiction, most notably with Watership Down (1972; film 1978), a novel that naturalistically depicts the travails of a group of wild European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) seeking a new home.", "Watership Down, Richard Adams' first novel, was published in 1974. The modern fairy tale opened with Fiver, a young rabbit with the gift of prophecy, having a vision of his and his tribe's home being destroyed. Believing that the destruction is imminent, Fiver and his brother Hazel meet with the chief rabbit.", "Richard Adams’ 1972 novel Watership Down, an anthropomorphic adventure starring rabbits, is set on the non-fictional Watership Down between Newbury and Basingstoke. If you haven’t read the book or seen the cartoon adaptation, the gigantic views from the down are still ample reward for the legwork.", "Richard Adams' classic novel Watership Down isn't just about rabbits. Tackling the big ideas, including the importance of storytelling to society, Adams weaves an adult tale of human struggle cloaked as a book about bunnies.", "Hedgehogs appear peripherally in the 1972 novel Watership Down by Richard Adams, such as in stories that the rabbits tell each other; the journeying rabbits encounter one as roadkill.", "This is a list of characters in Watership Down, a 1972 novel by Richard Adams. The majority also appear in the 1978 feature film adaptation, the 1999 television series adaptation and/or 1996 follow-up collection of short stories.", "I've noticed both \"timrew\" and \"Padfoot\" posted on other threads that Watership Down , by Richard Adams, is a great read. That is one of the most favorite books in my family, all of us avid readers. (after we're past making jokes about \"the rabbit book\") I began reading it only because my fiance (now husband) insisted, so I thought that the first chapter moved pretty slowly. But then it became very absorbing; I didn't want to put the book down for anything. It's a suspenseful depiction of military strategy.", "Richard Adams's Watership Down (1972) is like a psychic-Rabbit equivalent of The Grapes of Wrath , except Richard Adams is not quite the writer that John Steinbeck is. At the start, a small group of rabbits from a relatively peaceful, advantageous warren leave their home at the urging of a small, mysterious rabbit with the gift of foresight. They traverse across the wide countryside, encountering roads, rivers, and floating devices for the very first time. They also make unlikely friends, and dangerous foes.", "Fiver - Fiver is a main character in Richard Adams', Watership Down. He was born in a warren at Sandleford, and is the younger brother of Hazel. Fiver's Lapine name, literally \"little thousand\" comes from the fact that he was the smallest rabbit of at least five in his litter. We are told that rabbits cannot count beyond four, so all numbers greater than this are hrair, or \"thousand\", although in this case Adams renders it into English as \"five\". He is also clairvoyant which allows him to sense when when there is danger.", "Watership Down, a story Richard Adams made up to scare his kids in the car, was rejected seven times before it became a classic. As a new illustrated edition is published, the author tells Alison Flood why he loves making children wince and weep", "Home | Latest at the Library | Kc Unbound | Classic Review: Watership Down by Richard Adams", "In all, he wrote more than 20 books, including The Girl in a Swing, a ghostly love story with an undercurrent of eroticism, and a prequel to Shardik - entitled Maia - which was criticised for its sexual and sado-masochistic content. None of these books achieved the success of Watership Down and even a 1997 sequel, Tales from Watership Down, failed to capture the magic of the original. Richard Adams was essentially a traditional Englishman with a love of the countryside and a belief that, somehow, things were better in the past. It is perhaps surprising that this natural conservative, from a conventional middle-class background, should have written a book which had such a revolutionary impact on children's literature.", "Richard Adams was born in Berkshire in 1920 and studied history at Bradfield and Worcester College, Oxford. He served in the Second World War and in 1948 joined the Civil Service. In the mid-sixties he completed his first novel, Watership Down, the story of which he originally told to his children to while away a long car journey. Watership Down was awarded both the Carnegie Medal and the Guardian award for children's fiction for 1972.", "In 1988, I wrote a review of Watership Down for the very first issue of HRJ. For many, this 1972 fictional story of wild European rabbits (who are in fact the ancestors of our domesticated companion bunnies) represents the spirit of real rabbits, by giving the rabbits complete personalities and looking at the world from the rabbits' viewpoint. Watership Down is a story about survival and Nature, following the trials of a small band of displaced wild rabbits trying to establish a colony of their own. It is also a novel about community and camaraderie, qualities also found in real-life domestic rabbit groupings. The following is an abbreviated version of HRS member Jamie Cohen's visit with author Richard Adams. (See www.houserabbit.org/BaltWashDC for the complete article)-B.W.", "Rex Collings, the intrepid publisher who took a chance on the then-unknown Adams, was the first to suggest calling the novel Watership Down. The original title was Hazel and Fiver, after the quiet leader Hazel and his seer brother, Fiver, whose visions of the destruction of their home inspires the group’s epic adventure.", "Adams wrote his first novel, Watership Down, while still a civil servant in 1972. The novel won him the Carnegie Medal and was a large success in England, but did not bring him true fame until it was widely heralded in the United States. Adams has written several other novels, including Shardik (1974), The Plague Dogs (1977), and Traveller (1988). In 1991, he published an autobiography, The Day Gone By, and five years later published the sequel to Watership Down, entitled Tales From Watership Down (1996). Watership Down has remained Adams's most successful novel, popular with both adults and children. Although several of his other books have sold well, none of them has ever come close to reaching the critical acclaim of Watership Down. Adams is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature and the Royal Society of Arts.", "Much of \"Watership Down\" takes place where Adams grew up. He described in detail the natural world in which the rabbits live. Adams’ work is viewed as a statement about nature, an attempt to give readers a glimpse into the grasslands. The book often carries a tone that suggests that humanity has lost something it used to have, the ability to live free, as the rabbits do, and the notion that people should live as a part of nature rather than a part from it.", "Thirteen publishers rejected Adams’s first novel before Rex Collings Ltd took it on in 1972. Since then it has become one of Penguin’s best-selling books of all time, with sales surpassing five million. Something of a rabbit’s odyssey, and drawing on Homeric and Virgilian quest themes, the novel recounts a group of rabbits’ epic journey from their endangered warren to their new home in Watership Down, facing perils and temptations along the way.", "26            Who are these “Adams” – Author of Watership Down; Author of The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy; British Female boxing champion?", "A picture book of the animated film was also produced, titled The Watership Down Film Picture Book. Two editions of the book were published, one a hard-cover, the other a reinforced cloth-bound edition. The contents include multiple stills from the film linked with a combination of narration and extracts from the script, as well as a preface written by Richard Adams and a foreword written by Martin Rosen.", "* American singer-songwriter Vanessa Carlton's 2011 album Rabbits on the Run was inspired by Watership Down and A Brief History of Time. ", "Roald Dahl (; ; 13 September 1916 – 23 November 1990) was a British novelist, short story writer, poet, screenwriter, and fighter pilot. His books have sold over 200 million copies worldwide.", "Watership Down starts in Sandleford Warren, a real place in rural(ish) Berkshire, England, which is quite likely home to many rabbits. But perhaps not for much longer: In February 2012, the West Berkshire council approved a plan to bulldoze and pave over what was Sandleford Warren to make way for 2000 new homes , despite protests from Adams and others. As of this writing, however, the proposed development, Sandleford Park , was still in its early planning stages.", "'Watership Down has the science-fiction pleasures of inventive world building as well as a struggle against invasive totalitarianism'. Photo: Juniors Bildarchiv GmbH/Alamy", "Kenneth Grahame's The Wind in the Willows, written in 1908, is set in the middle to upper reaches of the river. It starts as a tale of anthropomorphic characters \"simply messing about in boats\" but develops into a more complex story combining elements of mysticism with adventure and reflection on Edwardian society. It is generally considered one of the most beloved works of children's literature and the illustrations by E.H.Shepard and Arthur Rackham feature the Thames and its surroundings.", "Kenneth Grahame was a Scottish writer, most famous for The Wind in the Willows (1908), one of the classics of children's literature. He also wrote The Reluctant Dragon; both books were later adapted into Disney films.", "Here are a few things that you might not have known about the phenomenon that became Watership Down.", "¹ Humphrey Carpenter, Secret Gardens: The Golden Age of Children’s Literature (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1985) p. 186", "¹ Humphrey Carpenter, Secret Gardens: The Golden Age of Children’s Literature (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1985) p. 174" ]

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[ "Robert James Lee \"Bob\" Hawke, Sr. (born 9 December 1929) is an Australian politician who was the Prime Minister of Australia and the Leader of the Labor Party from 1983 to 1991.", "Robert Hawke, in full Robert James Lee Hawke, byname Bob Hawke (born Dec. 9, 1929, Bordertown, S.Aus., Australia ), Australian labour leader and prime minister of Australia from 1983 to 1991.", "Robert James Lee Hawke, Prime Minister of Australia (1983–1991), Rhodes Scholar (Western Australia and University College, 1953) | Art UK Art UK | Discover Artworks Robert James Lee Hawke, Prime Minister of Australia (1983–1991), Rhodes Scholar (Western Australia and University College, 1953)", "On 11 March 1983 Bob Hawke was sworn in as Prime Minister. His new ministry included Lionel Bowen as deputy Prime Minister, Bill Hayden as Minister for Foreign Affairs and Paul Keating as Treasurer. Keating’s closest associates in the first ministry were Hayden, Industry Minister John Button , Housing Minister Chris Hurford , Education Minister Susan Ryan and Finance Minister John Dawkins .", "1983/--/-- 25 - The Labor party returns to power in Australia; Robert Hawke becomes prime minister.", "1983/--/-- 8 - The Labor party returns to power in Australia; Robert Hawke becomes prime minister.", "As of July 2016, there are six living former Prime Ministers of Australia, the oldest being Bob Hawke (born 1929). The most recent former prime minister to die was Malcolm Fraser (1975–1983), on 20 March 2015.", "During his period as Treasurer, Howard became a staunch adherent of Thatcherism (usually known as \" economic rationalism \" in Australia). Like Thatcher, he embraced the fiscal policies of neoliberalism without the more \" libertarian \" perspectives of the Chicago school on social issues . He favoured cuts to personal income tax and business tax, lower government spending , the dismantling of the centralised wage-fixing system, the abolition of compulsory trade unionism and the privatization of government-owned enterprises , views that have dominated his subsequent career. He became frustrated with the more moderate and pragmatic Fraser, who would not embark on these steps. In 1982 Howard nearly resigned in protest at Fraser's big-spending pre-election budget. As Federal Treasurer, John Howard presided over a period of very high interest rates, peaking at 22% on 8 April 1982 [6] (see: RBA: Bulletin Statistical Tables ). After the 1983 defeat of the Fraser Government, Howard was attacked by the incoming Hawke government for supposedly lying to Parliament about the size of the budget deficit left by the outgoing Fraser government.", "Paul Keating was Australia’s 24th Prime Minister and held office from 20 December 1991 to 11 March 1996.", "John Winston Howard, (born 26 July 1939), was the 25th Prime Minister of Australia, serving from 11 March 1996 to 3 December 2007. Only Sir Robert Menzies has served in the position longer.", "In December 1983 the government made an historic economic change with the decision to float the Australian dollar, rather than have its value tied to another currency or fixed by government regulation. The change was supported by shadow Treasurer John Howard. But the Leader of the Opposition Andrew Peacock, the National Party and some of Keating’s Labor colleagues opposed the float. It was also against the advice of John Stone, and indicated Keating’s increasing confidence in his portfolio and his drawing advice from other senior Treasury officials like Bernie Fraser.", "In 1983 the Keatings had three small children and continued to live in the Sydney suburb of Condell Park. With Labor now in government, the family faced the problem common to front bench parliamentarians. Paul Keating spent much of his time working in Canberra, while his family lived in Sydney. Both John Howard and John Stone encouraged Annita Keating to make the decision to come to Canberra. By mid-1983 the couple had rented a house as their Canberra base, and Keating no longer stayed at the Hotel Kurrajong for his frequent and extended trips to Canberra.", "* March 5 – Bob Hawke is elected Prime Minister of Australia, ending over 7 years of Conservative rule under Malcolm Fraser.", "Australian Prime Minister John Howard , \"Reagan greatest post-WWII president\" in Sydney Morning Herald (6 June 2004)", "Bob Hawke , a less polarising Labor leader than  Whitlam , defeated Fraser at the  1983 Election . The new government stopped the Franklin Dam project via the  High Court of Australia . Hawke, together with treasurer  Paul Keating undertook micro-economic and industrial relations reform designed to increase efficiency and competitiveness. After the initial failure of the Whitlam model and partial dismantling under Fraser, Hawke re-established a new, universal system of health insurance called  Medicare . Hawke and Keating abandoned traditional Labor support for tariffs to protect industry and jobs. They moved to deregulate Australia’s financial system and ‘floated’ the Australian dollar .", "Julia Eileen Gillard (born 29 September 1961) is the 27th and current Prime Minister of Australia, in office since 24 June 2010.", "Three years later, he led Labor to a landslide election victory at the 1983 election and was sworn in as Prime Minister. He led Labor to victory at three more elections in 1984, 1987 and 1990, thus making him the most electorally successful Labor Leader in history. The Hawke Government created Medicare and Landcare, brokered the Prices and Incomes Accord, formed APEC, floated the Australian dollar, deregulated the financial sector, introduced the Family Assistance Scheme, announced \"Advance Australia Fair\" as the official national anthem and initiated superannuation pension schemes for all workers.", "Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott was elected in 2013 which brought rise to a new political leader in Australia – The Liberal/National Coalition Party", "Tony Abbott, in full Anthony John Abbott (born November 4, 1957, London , England ), Australian politician who served as a member of the Australian House of Representatives (1994– ), leader of the Liberal Party of Australia (2009–15), and prime minister of Australia (2013–15).", "Kevin Rudd, in full Kevin Michael Rudd (born September 21, 1957, Nambour, Queensland, Australia ), Australian politician, who served as leader of the Australian Labor Party (ALP; 2006–10; 2013) and prime minister of Australia (2007–10; 2013).", "John Howard, who was Australian prime minister from 1996 to 2007, has also been appointed a member of the Order of Merit.", "Anthony John \"Tony\" Abbott (born 4 November 1957) is an Australian politician who was the 28th Prime Minister of Australia, from 18 September 2013 to 15 September 2015. Abbott was leader of the Liberal Party of Australia from 2009 to 2015, and has been a member of parliament for Warringah since 1994.", "Julia Gillard, in full Julia Eileen Gillard (born September 29, 1961, Barry , Vale of Glamorgan , Wales ), Australian politician who served as leader of the Australian Labor Party (ALP; 2010–13) and as prime minister of Australia (2010–13). She was the first woman to hold either office.", "Kevin Michael Rudd (born 21 September 1957) is a former Australian politician who was twice Prime Minister of Australia, from 2007 to 2010 and again in 2013.", "Tony Abbott is the Member for Warringah. He served as the 28th Prime Minister of Australia from 2013 to 2015 and Leader of the Liberal Party from 2009 to 2015.", "The first person born after the First World War to serve as prime minister was Malcolm Fraser , born 21 May 1930. ( Bob Hawke , who succeeded Fraser, was born 9 December 1929, and is the earliest-born of the prime ministers born after WWI.)", "Labor won the 2007 election by a landslide, with a 23-seat swing in its favour, and Rudd was sworn in as the 26th Prime Minister of Australia on 3 December. The Rudd Government's first acts included signing the Kyoto Protocol and delivering an apology to Indigenous Australians for the Stolen Generations. The previous government's industrial relations legislation, WorkChoices, was largely dismantled, Australia's remaining Iraq War combat personnel were withdrawn, and the \"Australia 2020 Summit\" was held. In response to the global financial crisis, the government provided economic stimulus packages, and Australia was one of the few developed countries to avoid the late-2000s recession.", "Neil Kinnock, Baron Kinnock of Bedwellty, in full Neil Gordon Kinnock, Baron Kinnock of Bedwellty in the County of Gwent (born March 28, 1942, Tredegar, Monmouthshire, Wales ), British politician who was leader of the Labour Party from 1983 to 1992.", "The British Labor Party politician Neil Kinnock (born 1942) served as a member of Parliament beginning in 1970. He also served as a member of the Labor Party's national executive committee beginning in 1977 and was elected party leader in 1983.", "In April 2002, Howard was the first Australian prime minister to attend a royal funeral, that of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother. In October Howard responded to the 2002 Bali bombing, in which 88 Australian citizens were killed, by calling on Australians to \"wrap their arms around the people of Indonesia\" and said that, while affected, Australia remained \"strong and free and open and tolerant\". Howard re-dedicated his government to the \"War on Terror\", saying the Bali bombing was proof that no country was \"immune\" to the effects of terrorism.", "Hawke brought the ALP back into government at the general election on 5 March 1983, by gaining a 15-seat majority over the Liberal-National coalition in the House of Representatives. He also held 30 Senate seats, compared to the 28 of the coalition, 5 of the Democrats and 1 Independent.", "Choose two events from the 1980s that you think were influential on how Australians regard themselves. Give reasons for your answer." ]

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[ "James Belushi was born June 15, 1954 in Chicago but grew up in Wheaton, Illinois. He is the third of four children of Adam Belushi, an Albanian immigrant who left his native Qytezë village in 1934 at the age of 15, and Agnes, who was born in the U.S. of Albanian immigrants. He attended the College of DuPage and graduated from Southern Illinois University with a degree in Speech and Theater Arts. From 1976-80 he became a resident member of Chicago’s famed Second City.", "James Adam \"Jim\" Belushi (born June 15, 1954) is an American actor, comedian and musician. He is the younger brother of comic actor John Belushi and father of actor Robert Belushi, best known for playing the role of James \"Jim\" Orenthal on the long-running sitcom According to Jim (2001-2009).", "In 1982, John Belushi died of a drug overdose at the Chateau Marmont hotel in Hollywood, adjacent to WeHo. On the night of his death, he was visited separately by friends Robin Williams (at the height of his own drug exploits) and Robert De Niro, each of whom left the premises, leaving Belushi in the company of assorted others, including Cathy Smith. This is just one of many notable sordid events at the location. A 1930s movie executive reportedly said, 'If you must get into trouble, do it at the Chateau Marmont'.", "trotted out his showbiz patter beneath a protective layer of irony (“I’m Chevy Chase. And you’re not” was his typical sign-off line). If Curtin’s prim-butendearing turns on the show are less widely remembered, that may be because she didn’t progress to a movie career that consolidated her fame in the manner of her male co-stars – in itself an indictment of Hollywood’s failure to make the most of its promising female performers. But it was Belushi who was the lifeblood of early SNL. Bustling with frantic energy that jarred with his plump frame, he was the spirit of anarchy and live television was his natural home. In fact, while he was the first SNL member to have a huge movie hit on his hands – National Lampoon’s Animal House in 1978 – he was also strangely unlucky in never finding another film in his brief life that could accommodate his raucous persona. The Blues Brothers was a tiring piece of work, funny only in theory, while Neighbors, an attempt to reunite Belushi and Aykroyd for a second time, was notable for its weird lack of gags. The connection between SNL and Hollywood was established fairly early in the show’s history, when several performers accepted film offers in the late ’70s. Movies themselves had emulated >>", "James Adam Belushi was born June 15, 1954, in Chicago, to Agnes Demetri (Samaras) and Adam Anastos Belushi, a restaurant owner. His father was an Albanian immigrant, from Qytezë, and his mother was also of Albanian descent. The third of four children - his brother was John Belushi - he grew up in Wheaton, Illinois. A high school teacher, impressed by his improvisational skills while giving speeches, convinced him to to be in a school play. After that, he joined the school's drama club. Today, if asked why he got involved in acting, he will jokingly say, \"Because of girls. In the drama club, there were about 20 girls and six guys. And the same thing with choir - more girls!\". He attended the College of DuPage and Southern Illinois University, where he graduated with a degree in Speech and Theater Arts.", "The Blues Brothers is a 1980 American musical crime comedy film directed by John Landis. It stars John Belushi and Dan Aykroyd as \"Joliet\" Jake and Elwood Blues, characters developed from \"The Blues Brothers\" musical sketch on the NBC variety series Saturday Night Live. The film's screenplay was written by Aykroyd and Landis. It features musical numbers by rhythm and blues (R&B), soul, and blues singers James Brown, Cab Calloway, Aretha Franklin, Ray Charles, and John Lee Hooker. The film is set in and around Chicago, Illinois, where it was filmed. It features non-musical supporting performances by John Candy, Carrie Fisher, Charles Napier, and Henry Gibson.", "The Blues Brothers is a 1980 musical comedy directed by John Landis and starring John Belushi and Dan Aykroyd as \"Joliet\" Jake and Elwood Blues, characters developed from a \"Saturday Night Live\" musical sketch . It features musical numbers by R&B and soul singers James Brown, Cab Calloway, Aretha Franklin, Ray Charles, and John Lee Hooker. The film is set in and around Chicago, Illinois, and also features non-musical supporting performances by John Candy, Carrie Fisher and Henry Gibson.", "Belushi, John Chateau Marmont Hotel Bungalow #3 8221 Sunset Boulevard Hollywood, California 800-242-8328 Built in 1929, this hotel has been host to many major stars of Hollywood and visiting celebrities from all over the world. And it was here that comic actor John Belushi died from a drug overdose. The last day of his life, Belushi had stopped at the Guitar Center to pick up a guitar that had been custom-made for Les Paul. After that, he started drinking at a club above the Roxy Theater called On the Rox. Lastly, he visited the Rainbow Bar & Grill, where he had a bowl of lentil soup. Then it was back to bungalow 3 at the Chateau Marmont. Belushi was with Catherine Smith by now, and he had her inject him with a speedball—a combination of heroin and cocaine. Belushi overdosed, but Smith thought he had just passed out, so she left for a while, only to return to find pandemonium had broken out after Bill Wallace—one of Belushi’s friends—had discovered his body. They tried frantically to resuscitate him, but were unsuccessful. John Belushi was pronounced dead the morning of March 5, 1982. Catherine Smith was released after questioning, but then gave an interview to the National Enquirer, admitting that she had injected John Belushi with the speedball. She was re-arrested and later served time in prison for the administration of the deadly combination of drugs.", "in 1982 - John Belushi dies at age 33. American comedian, actor and musician, notable for his work on Saturday Night Live, National Lampoon's Animal House and The Blues Brothers. The Blues Brothers were a Grammy Award-nominated American blues and soul revivalist band founded in 1978 by comedians John and his friend Dan Aykroyd as part of a musical sketch on Saturday Night Live. John as lead vocalist \"Joliet\" Jake Blues and Dan as harpist/vocalist Elwood Blues, they fronted the band, which was composed of well-known and respected musicians. The band made its debut as the musical guest on the April 22, 1978, episode of Saturday Night Live. The band then began to take on a life beyond the confines of the television screen, releasing an album, Briefcase Full of Blues, in 1978, and then having a Hollywood film, The Blues Brothers, created around its characters in 1980 (sadly John died of an overdose of cocaine & heroin) b. January 24th 1949.", "In January 1982, John began work on the screenplay for another movie to be titled \"Noble Rot\". Also, John had checked into a bungalow at the Chateau Marmont, a popular celebrity hotel in Los Angeles. John's drug use had been steadily increasing for over a year now, which alarmed his wife and friends, but he continued to promise Judy that he would quit someday. On March 5, 1982, John Belushi was found dead in his hotel room at the age of 33. The local coroner gave the cause of death as a lethal injection of cocaine and heroin. Several years later, John's drug dealing/drug user companion during his final weeks, Cathy Smith, was tried and sentenced to three years in prison for supplying John with the drugs. Close friend James Taylor sang \"That Lonesome Road\" at a memorial service at Martha's Vineyard cemetery where John was buried.", "James Francis Cagney, Jr. (July 17, 1899 - March 30, 1986) was an American actor and dancer, both on stage and in film, though he had his greatest impact in film. Known for his consistently energetic performances, distinctive vocal style, and deadpan comic timing, he won acclaim and major awards for a wide variety of performances. He is best remembered for playing multifaceted tough guys in movies such as The Public Enemy (1931), Taxi! (1932), Angels with Dirty Faces (1938), and White Heat (1949) and was even typecast or limited by this view earlier in his career. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked him eighth among its list of greatest male stars of Classic Hollywood Cinema. Orson Welles said of Cagney, \"[he was] maybe the greatest actor who ever appeared in front of a camera\", and Stanley Kubrick considered him to be one of the best actors of all time. ", "In the real 1940-41, antiwar entertainers were blacklisted for daring to speak their minds. (The case of Lillian Gish was notably disgusting.) In Roth’s world, the pro-war radio gossip Walter Winchell is fired by Jergens Lotion when he denounces President Lindbergh. Winchell then declares his candidacy for president and barnstorms the black heart of America. He is baited and mocked in South Boston, Little Italy, and wherever papist brutes foregather. (In fact, it was America First speakers who were harassed in 1941, heckled by warhawks and denied permits in jingo towns.)", "Belushi died on the morning of March 5, 1982 at the age of 33 in Hollywood, California, specifically at the Chateau Marmont, after being injected with a mixture of cocaine and heroin, known as a \"speedball\", which led to combined drug intoxication. He was posthumously honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, on April 1, 2004.", "National Lampoon's Animal House is a 1978 American comedy film from Universal Pictures, produced by Ivan Reitman and Matty Simmons, directed by John Landis, and starring John Belushi, Tim Matheson, John Vernon, Verna Bloom, Thomas Hulce, and Donald Sutherland. The film, a direct spin-off from National Lampoon magazine, is about a misfit group of fraternity members who challenge the authority of the dean of Faber College.", "The story opens on V-J Day in 1945. A massive celebration in a New York City nightclub is underway, music provided by the Tommy Dorsey Orchestra. While there Jimmy Doyle (Robert De Niro), a selfish and smooth-talking saxophone player, meets Francine Evans (Liza Minnelli), a small-time singer. Francine is lonely but still, she wants nothing to do with Jimmy, who keeps pestering her for her phone number.", "The only film Belushi made without Aykroyd following his departure from SNL was the romantic comedy Continental Divide (directed by Michael Apted). Released in September 1981, it starred Belushi as Chicago home town hero writer Ernie Souchack (loosely based on newspaper columnist and long-time family friend Mike Royko), who gets put on assignment researching a scientist (played by Blair Brown) studying birds of prey in the remote Rocky Mountains.", "Born in Chicago on January 24th, 1949, John Belushi was the second child and eldest son of restaurateur Adam (an Albanian immigrant) and his vivacious wife, Agnes (whose parents were Albanian immigrants). From a very young age, John and his older sister, Marian where allowed to roam their neighborhood of Humboldt Park unsupervised by adults. This fostered in John an early sense of independence and love of adventure.", "John Belushi, 33: The American comedian and leader of \"The Blues Brothers\" died at Hollywood's Chateau Marmont hotel in 1982 after getting a \"speedball\" injection of crack and heroin.", "On March 5, 1982, John Belushi died of a drug overdose in Los Angeles, California, and was buried four days later in Abel's Hill Cemetery in Chilmark. Belushi often visited the Vineyard and his family felt it fitting to bury him there. On his gravestone is the quote: \"Though I may be gone, Rock 'N' Roll lives on.\" Because of the many visitors to his grave and the threat of vandalism, his body was moved somewhere nearby the grave site. His grave remains a popular site for visitors to Chilmark and they often leave tokens in memory of the late comedian. ", "*John Belushi – comedian, actor, and member of the Blues Brothers (271, 285, 361, 368, 431, 1000, 1229)", "Comedian John Belushi died there on March 5, 1982, at the age of 33. Belushi died from a speedball, a combined injection of cocaine and heroin. On the night of his death, he was reportedly visited separately by friends Robin Williams and Robert De Niro, each of whom left the premises, leaving Belushi in the company of others. Belushi was one of the original members of Saturday Night Live. Animal House and The Blues Brothers were his most famous films.", "Actor, comedian and musician John Belushi died from a drug overdose at age 33 on March 5, 1982. He was well known for his acting roles in \"The Blues Brothers\" and \"Animal House,\" and was a regular on the sketch comedy show \"Saturday Night Live.\"", "Another member of NBC's SNL cast (originally a member of the Second City comedy troupe in Chicago) was John Belushi. Often considered the most famous and popular of the group, he was best noted for two films both directed by John Landis: National Lampoon's Animal House (1978), a classic college frat-based comedy of 'misfit slobs vs. elite snobs'; and The Blues Brothers (1980) in which he acted as vocalist Jake Blues opposite Dan Aykroyd as harpist Elwood Blues (characters derived from skits and appearances on SNL). In between those films, he also starred in Steven Spielberg's strange action comedy 1941 (1979), a satirical disaster film that bombed. On March 5, 1982, Belushi died in Hollywood of an accidental drug overdose, ironically repeated in 1997 by Chris Farley, another overweight SNL cast member who idolized Belushi. [Farley also went on to films from SNL, and starred with fellow former cast member David Spade in slapstick low-brow comedies such as Tommy Boy (1995) and Black Sheep (1996).]", "Live From New York, It's...John Belushi Sketches include-- \"Don Corleone\", \"A Message From the President of the United States\", \"Mamorex\", \"Howdy Doody's Widow\", \"Tomorrow\", \"The Young Caucasians\", \"Ray Charles Medley\", \"Franklyn Ajaye\", \"Evelyn Woodski Slow Reading Course\", \"Blackout Burglary\", \"Buck Henry Announcement\".", "Two of America's most popular entertainers, Eddie Cantor and Al Jolson were of Russian descent. Cantor, born Edward Israel Iskowitz to Russian immigrants in New York's Lower East Side secured great popularity as a performer in vaudeville and burlesque with his famous \"rolling banjo eyes\" and unique speech patterns. He starred in \"Ziegfeld Follies\", and several Broadway productions. He made his film debut in 1926, and his popularity only grew following the advent of sound.", "On March 5, 1982, John Belushi died in Hollywood of an accidental overdose of heroin and cocaine.", "The first thing you need to know about Jim Belushi is that he's a performer. Not an actor, not a comedian, not a singer, but a performer. Which is pretty much all those things put together and multiplied by two or five or something. The second thing you need to know—and this is in some ways more important than the first thing—is that he has absolutely no shame. None. Zip. Zero.", " 2005 Saturday Night Live: The Best of John Belushi (TV Special) (writer: \"With a Little Help from My Friends\" - uncredited)", "In an appearance on the Today show, Aykroyd referred to himself and John Belushi as \"kindred spirits.\" In the biography \"Belushi,\" Aykroyd claims that Belushi was the only man he could ever dance with.", "Preferring to learn as he went, Bogart never took acting lessons. He was persistent and worked steadily at his craft, appearing in at least seventeen Broadway productions between 1922 and 1935.[41] He played juveniles or romantic second-leads in drawing room comedies, and is said to have been the first actor to ask \"Tennis, anyone?\" on stage.[42] Critic Alexander Woollcott wrote of Bogart's early work that he \"is what is usually and mercifully described as inadequate.\"[43] Some reviews were kinder. Heywood Broun , reviewing Nerves wrote, \"Humphrey Bogart gives the most effective performance ... both dry and fresh, if that be possible\".[44] He played juvenile lead, reporter Gregory Brown, in the comedy Meet the Wife , written by Lynn Starling, which had a successful run of 232 performances at the Klaw Theatre from November 1923 through July 1924. Bogart loathed these trivial, effeminate parts he had to play early in his career, calling them \"White Pants Willie\" roles.", "A reference to the late comedian John Belushi who was often made fun of after a sudden weight gain.", "Which notable Chicago theater group launched the careers of John Belushi, Mike Meyers and Bill Murray?" ]

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[ "The Kariba Dam was constructed on the Zambezi River between Zimbabwe and Zambia in the 1950’s by the then ‘Federation of Northern and Southern Rhodesia and Nyasaland’ (Zambia, Zimbabwe and Malawi). At the time it was one of the world’s largest dams, with a wall measuring 128m (420ft) tall and 579m (633 yards) long, and a surface area of 5,400km² (2,085sqmi). Construction of the dam resulted in the resettlement of 57,000 people and many thousands of livestock and wild animals.", "Kariba Dam (kärēˈbä) [ key ], hydroelectric project, in Kariba Gorge of the Zambezi River, on the Zambia-Zimbabwe border, S central Africa; built 1955–59. One of the world's largest dams, it is 420 ft (128 m) high and 1,900 ft (579 m) long. The Kariba project's generators supply electricity to the Copperbelt in Zambia and to parts of Zimbabwe. Kariba Lake, the vast reservoir created by the dam, extends c.175 mi (280 km) and has a maximum width of 20 mi (32 km). The creation of the lake forced resettlement of about 50,000 people living along the Zambezi. In 1960–61, Operation Noah captured and removed the animals threatened by the lake's rising waters.", "Kariba dam, on the Zambezi river between Zimbabwe and Zambia, was built in the late 1950’s to provide hydro-electric power. Now it seems the dam wall on the Zimbabwean side is cracking and is in danger of collapsing.", "Britain tried to administer Northern Rhodesia in a federation with Nysaland (Malawi) and Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) however this was opposed by Northern Rhodesian which was concerned that the majority of the investment and money would flow to the south. During this period to help build the economy the British built the Kariba Dam on the Zambezi River creating Lake Kariba, one of Africa's largest lakes and providing hydro electric power for the area. The British granted self rule to their colonies in the period after the Second World War and after abandoning the federation idea Northern Rhodesia transferred to self government.", "The town of Kariba, built at the site of the hydro-electric dam across the Zambezi River, is a focus for tourism, and provides a starting point for access to the vast inland sea of Lake Kariba.", "The Power of the Zambezi River has been harnessed along its journey at two points, the first being Kariba Dam in Zimbabwe and the second Cahora Bassa Dam in Mozambique. Both these dams are sources of hydroelectric power and supply a large portion of power to Zambia, Zimbabwe and South Africa.", "...Large rivers descending from the plateau into the rifted troughs of the Zambezi provide scope for hydropower development, and a major gorge on the middle Zambezi enabled it to be dammed to form Lake Kariba. The first power station at Kariba was built on the south side of the river, but a 600-megawatt station on the Zambian side was completed in 1977, shortly after the completion of a...", "The Nyaminyami is said to reside in the Zambezi River and control the life in and on the river. The spirits of Nyaminyami and his wife residing in the Kariba Gorge are God and Goddess of the underworld. The Tonga people believe the building of the Kariba Dam deeply offended Nyami Nyami, separating him from his wife. The regular flooding and many deaths during the dam's construction were attributed to his wrath. After the Dam was completed the Tonga believe that Nyami Nyami withdrew from the world of men.", "...the major energy sources for rail transport, however), and there has also been considerable electrification of low-cost housing in urban townships. Electric power is also generated at the huge Kariba Dam, which Zimbabwe shares with Zambia, on the Zambezi River. Although Zimbabwe has great hydroelectric potential, it has not been realized, and the country imports about two-fifths of the...", "Zambezi River, also spelled Zambesi, river draining a large portion of south-central Africa. Together with its tributaries, it forms the fourth largest river basin of the continent. The river flows eastward for about 2,200 miles (3,540 kilometres) from its source on the Central African Plateau to empty into the Indian Ocean . With its tributaries, it drains an area of more than 500,000 square miles (1,300,000 square kilometres). The Zambezi (meaning “Great River” in the language of the Tonga people) includes along its course the Victoria Falls , one of the world’s greatest natural wonders, and the Kariba and Cahora Bassa dams, two of Africa’s largest hydroelectric projects. The river either crosses or forms the boundaries of six countries—Angola, Zambia, Namibia , Botswana , Zimbabwe , and Mozambique —and the use of its waters has been the subject of a series of international agreements.", "The Zambezi’s middle course extends about 600 miles from Victoria Falls to the eastern end of Lake Cahora Bassa in Mozambique. It continues to form the boundary between Zambia and Zimbabwe until it crosses the Mozambique border at Luangwa. Below the falls a gorge some 60 miles long has been formed by the trench-scouring process, through which the river descends in a series of rapids. Just upstream of Lake Kariba the river valley widens and is contained by escarpments nearly 2,000 feet high. The middle Zambezi is notable for the two man-made lakes, Kariba and Cahora Bassa (see below), that constitute much of this stretch of the river. Between the two lakes the Zambezi trends northeast for nearly 40 miles before it turns east below the confluence with the Kafue River , the Zambezi’s largest tributary. In this section the river rushes through two rocky, narrow gorges, the first just below the Kariba Dam and the other above the confluence with the Luangwa River .", "The other outstanding feature is Africa's fourth largest and least spoilt river the Zambezi , which marks the countries northern border with Zambia and which gave birth in the 1960's to what was then the world's largest man-made lake; Kariba.", "landlocked; the Zambezi forms a natural riverine boundary with Zimbabwe; Lake Kariba on the Zambia-Zimbabwe border forms the world's largest reservoir by volume (180 cu km; 43 cu mi)", "Lake Kariba and the Lower Zambezi - Located at the eastern end of Lake Kariba is a popular vacation area for Zimbabweans. Many national parks, such as Mana Pools National Park, are situated on the shores of the Zambezi River and provide good opportunities for game viewing.", "The river drops 250m over the 200 km before entering Lake Kariba. The Kariba Dam which was completed in 1959 is one of the largest man-made lakes in the world. The hydroelectric power generated at the dam provides electricity for much of Zambia and Zimbabwe.", "Eventually the large lake trapped at Makgadikgadi (or a tributary of it) was captured by the Middle Zambezi cutting back towards it, and emptied eastwards. The Upper Zambezi was captured as well. The Middle Zambezi was about 300 metres (984 ft) lower than the Upper Zambezi, and a high waterfall formed at the edge of the basalt plateau across which the upper river flows. This was the first Victoria Falls, somewhere down the Batoka Gorge near where Lake Kariba is now. For details of how the falls cuts back its bed to form the gorge, see How the Victoria Falls formed.", "3. Zambia’s Lake Kariba was Africa’s largest man-made lake until Egypt’s Aswan Dam was put up in 1971.", "At this point, the river enters Lake Kariba, created in 1959 following the completion of the Kariba Dam. The lake is one of the largest man-made lakes in the world, and the hydroelectric power-generating facilities at the dam provide electricity to much of Zambia and Zimbabwe.", "Eventually the large lake trapped at Makgadikgadi (or a tributary of it) was captured by the Middle Zambezi cutting back towards it, and emptied eastwards. The Upper Zambezi was captured as well. The Middle Zambezi was about 300 metres (980 ft) lower than the Upper Zambezi, and a high waterfall formed at the edge of the basalt plateau across which the upper river flows. This was the first Victoria Falls , somewhere down the Batoka Gorge near where Lake Kariba is now.", "From the Kariba dam wall the river heads east again towards Chirundu. Beyond this the river is flanked by Lower Zambezi National Park in Zambia and Mana Pools National Park in Zimbabwe. This is the stretch of the river that the famous canoe safaris are run.", "You are here: Homepage > What to see > Vast Lakes > Lake Kariba > History of the Building of Lake Kariba", "There are two main sources of hydroelectric power on the river. These are the Kariba Dam , which provides power to Zambia and Zimbabwe and the Cahora Bassa Dam in Mozambique which provides power to both Mozambique and South Africa. There is also a smaller power station at Victoria Falls.", "The Victoria Falls or Mosi-oa-Tunya are situated on the Zambezi River, on the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe, (17° 55′24.05″S, 25° 51′22.32″E) and are roughly 1.7 km (1 mile) wide and 128 m (420 ft) high. They are considered a remarkable spectacle because of the peculiar narrow slot-like chasm into which the water falls, so one can view the falls face-on.", "The river valley is rich in mineral deposits and fossil fuels , and coal mining is important in places. The dams along its length also provide employment for many people near them, in maintaining the hydroelectric power stations and the dams themselves. Several parts of the river are also very popular tourist destinations. Victoria Falls receives over 1.5 million visitors annually, while Mana Pools and Lake Kariba also draw substantial tourist numbers.", "The river valley is rich in mineral deposits and fossil fuels, and coal mining is important in places. The dams along its length also provide employment for many people near them, in maintaining the hydroelectric power stations and the dams themselves. Several parts of the river are also very popular tourist destinations. Victoria Falls receives over 1.5 million visitors annually, while Mana Pools and Lake Kariba also draw substantial tourist numbers.", ", river, c.250 mi (400 km) long, flowing from the southern end of Lake Nyasa, Malawi, SE Africa, to the Zambezi River in central Mozambique. It is navigable to Nsanje. The upper Shire has been developed for irrigation and power production.", "The sources of the Congo are in the Albertine Rift Mountains that flank the western branch of the East African Rift, as well as Lake Tanganyika and Lake Mweru. The river flows generally west from Kisangani just below Boyoma Falls, then gradually bends southwest, passing by Mbandaka, joining with the Ubangi River, and running into the Pool Malebo (Stanley Pool). Kinshasa and Brazzaville are on opposite sides of the river at the Pool (see NASA image). Then the river narrows and falls through a number of cataracts in deep canyons, collectively known as the Livingstone Falls, and runs past Boma into the Atlantic Ocean. The river also has the second-largest flow and the second-largest watershed of any river in the world (trailing the Amazon in both respects). The river and a 37 km wide strip of coastline on its north bank provide the country's only outlet to the Atlantic. ", "On January 18 2016 It was reported that water levels at the Kariba dam had dropped to 12% of capacity. Levels fell to 477.25 metres, just above the minimum operating level for the hydropower dam. Low rainfalls and overuse of the water by the power plants at the reservoir have left it near empty, raising the prospect that both Zimbabwe and Zambia will face water shortages.", "Lake Victoria is economically important to the surrounding region, which has one of Africa's highest population densities. Fishing and boat building are the most significant economic activities. At the city of Jinja, Uganda, where the Victoria Nile flows out of the lake, the Owen Falls Dam was completed in 1954. The dam turned the lake into a large reservoir that produces hydroelectricity for the surrounding area. The dam also submerged Ripon Falls, the dramatic cataract flowing from the lake, which Speke named in 1862. The vegetation and flowers by post dam completion sprouted from a very rich soil bed along the lake shores.", "via  Kariba dam on verge of collapsing | Radio Dialogue  by Sanele Njini March 19, 2014", "Formerly the site of dangerous rapids known as Kebrabassa, and which had blocked the early navigation of the river into the interior, the lake was created in 1974 by the construction of the Cahora Bassa Dam, and provides hydroelectric power to South Africa. Located a short distance downstream of the Cahora Bassa Dam is the regional centre of Tete on the main transport highway connecting Zimbabwe and Malawi.", "* Mzingwane Dam, built in 1962, with a full supply capacity of 42 MCM (million cubic metres). It is located near the source of the river and supplies water to the city of Bulawayo." ]

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[ "Diana Ernestine Earle Ross (born March 26, 1944) is an American singer, songwriter, actress and record producer. Born and raised in Detroit, she rose to fame as a founding member and lead singer of the vocal group The Supremes, which, during the 1960s, became Motown's most successful act and is to this day America's most successful vocal group as well as one of the world's best-selling girl groups of all time.", "Diana Ernestine Earle Ross (born March 26, 1944) is an American singer, songwriter, actress and record producer. Born and raised in Detroit, she rose to fame as a founding member and lead singer of the vocal group The Supremes, which, during the 1960s, became Motown's most successful act and is to this day America's most successful vocal group as well as one of the world's best-selling girl groups of all time. As part of the Supremes, her success made it possible for future African American R&B and soul acts to find mainstream success. The group released a record setting, twelve number-one hit singles on the Billboard Hot 100 including the hits \"Where Did Our Love Go\", \"Baby Love\", \"Come See About Me\", \"Stop! In the Name of Love\", \"You Can't Hurry Love\", \"You Keep Me Hangin' On\", \"Love Child\" and \"Someday We'll Be Together\".", "1944 – Diana Ross (Diane Earle) is born in Detroit. She is the lead singer of the Supremes from 1961-69. Her solo No. 1 singles include “Ain’t No Mountain High Enough” and “Upside Down.”", "Diane Earnestine Earle Ross was born on March 26, 1944, in Detroit, Michigan. Developing a reputation as an accomplished performer, Ross began singing in the group the Primettes with friends Mary Wilson , Florence Ballard  and Barbara Martin as a teenager. Martin eventually dropped out, but the remaining members of the group went on to become the internationally successful 1960s R&B and pop trio, the Supremes (later named Diana Ross and the Supremes).", "Diana Ernestine Earle Ross is an American singer, songwriter, actress and record producer. Born and raised in Detroit, she rose to fame as a founding member and lead singer of the vocal group The S...", "Diana Ross (born Diane Ernestine Earle Ross on 26 March 1944 in Detroit, Michigan, USA) is an American soul, R&B and pop singer and actress. Ross…", "1944 ● Diana Ross (Diane Earle) → Motown R&B/soul-pop diva, lead vocals and eventual frontwoman for The Supremes , “Baby Love” (#1, 1964), then highly successful solo career, “Endless Love” (#1, 1981) and 22 other Top 40 hits", "LaDonna Adrian Gaines (December 31, 1948 - May 17, 2012), known by her stage name Donna Summer, was an American singer, songwriter, and painter. She gained prominence during the disco era of the late-1970s. A five-time Grammy Award winner, she was the first artist to have three consecutive double albums reach No. 1 on the United States Billboard 200 and charted four number-one singles in the U.S. within a 12-month period. Summer has reportedly sold over 140 million records , making her one of the world's best-selling artists of all time. She also charted two number-one singles on the R&B charts in the U.S. and one number-one in the U.K. ", "LaDonna Adrian Gaines, known by her stage name Donna Summer, was an American singer, songwriter, painter, and actress. She gained prominence during the disco era of the late-1970s. A five-time Grammy Award winner, she was the first artist to have three consecutive double albums reach No. 1 on the United States Billboard 200 chart and charted four number-one singles in the U.S. within a 12-month period. Summer has reportedly sold over 140 million records, making her one of the world's best-selling artists of all time. She also charted two number-one singles on the R&B charts in the U.S. and one number-one in the U.K.", "Madonna (born Madonna Louise Ciccone; August 16, 1958) is an American recording artist, actress and entrepreneur. Born in Bay City, Michigan , she moved to New York City in 1977 to pursue a career in modern dance. After performing in pop groups, she released her debut album in 1983. She followed it with a series of albums in which she found immense popularity by pushing the boundaries of lyrical content in mainstream popular music and imagery in her music videos, which became a fixture on MTV. Throughout her career, most of her songs have hit number one on the record charts, including \" Like a Virgin \", \" Papa Don't Preach \", \" Like a Prayer \", \" Vogue \", \" Frozen \", \" Music \", \" Hung Up \", and \" 4 Minutes \". Madonna has been praised by critics for her diverse musical productions while at the same time serving as a lightning rod for religious controversy.", "In 1979, Ross reunited with Nickolas Ashford & Valerie Simpson for the album The Boss, which became Ross' first gold-certified album (Motown sales records before 1977 were not audited by the RIAA, and therefore none of Motown's pre-1977 releases were awarded certifications). In 1980, Ross released her first RIAA platinum-certified disc, \"diana\", produced by Chic's front men Nile Rodgers and Bernard Edwards. The album included two of Ross' most successful and familiar solo hits, her fifth number-one single, \"Upside Down\", and the Top 5 single \"I'm Coming Out\". diana was the singer's most successful studio album to date, peaking at number-two on the Billboard 200 chart for three weeks and selling over 6 million copies in the United States alone.", "Cher (born Cherilyn Sarkisian; May 20, 1946) is an American singer and actress. Called the Goddess of Pop, she is described as embodying female autonomy in a male-dominated industry. She is known for her distinctive contralto singing voice and for having worked in numerous areas of entertainment, as well as adopting a variety of styles and appearances during her five-decade-long career. <br /><br />Cher gained popularity in 1965 as one half of the folk rock husband-wife duo Sonny & Cher after their song \"I Got You Babe\" reached number one on the American and British charts. She began her solo career simultaneously, releasing in 1966 her first million-seller song, \"Bang Bang (My Baby Shot Me Down)\". She became a television personality in the 1970s with her shows The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour, watched by over 30 million viewers weekly during its three-year run, and Cher. She emerged as a fashion trendsetter by wearing elaborate outfits on her television shows. While working on television, she established herself as a solo artist with the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart-topping singles \"Gypsys, Tramps & Thieves\", \"Half-Breed\", and \"Dark Lady\". Read Less", "Dolly Rebecca Parton (born January 19, 1946 ) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, author, businesswoman, and humanitarian, known primarily for her work in country music. Parton is the most honored female country performer of all time. Achieving 25 RIAA certified gold, platinum, and multi-platinum awards, she has had 25 songs reach No. 1 on the Billboard Country charts, a record for a female artist. She has 41 career top 10 country albums, a record for any artist, and she has 110 career charted singles over the past 40 years. All-inclusive sales of singles, albums, hits collections, and digital downloads during her career have topped 100 million worldwide. She has garnered eight Grammy Awards, two Academy Award nominations, ten Country Music Association Awards, seven Academy of Country Music Awards, three American Music Awards, and is one of only seven female artists to win the Country Music Association's Entertainer of the Year Award. Parton has received 46 Grammy nominations, tying her with Bruce Springsteen for the most Grammy nominations and placing her in tenth place overall. ", "Mary Wilson, Florence Ballard and Diane Ross grew up together in Detroit’s Brewster housing project and started out as co-equals in a singing group they called “the Primettes.” It took them several years of toiling within the hit factory Berry Gordy was assembling before the girls made their breakthrough in 1964. Those years included a Gordy-inspired name change for the group; a Gordy-mandated buffing and polishing in Motown’s in-house finishing school; and, eventually, a Gordy-dictated elevation of Diana over her childhood friends, Flo and Mary.", "LaDonna Adrian Gaines, known by her stage name, Donna Summer is an American singer who gained prominence and notoriety during the \"disco\" era of the seventies with the majority of her early work produced by the team of Giorgio Moroder and Pete Belotte.", "Aretha Louise Franklin (born March 25, 1942) is an American singer, songwriter and pianist commonly referred to as The Queen of Soul. Although renowned for her soul recordings, Franklin is also adept at jazz, blues, R&B and gospel music. Rolling Stone magazine ranked Franklin No. 1 on its list of The Greatest Singers of All Time. Franklin is one of the most honored artists by the Grammy Awards, with 18 competitive Grammys to date, and two honorary Grammys. She has scored a total of 20 No. 1 singles on the Billboard R&B Singles Chart, one of which also became her first No. 1 hit on the Billboard Hot 100: \"Respect\" (1967). \"I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)\" (1987), a duet with George Michael, became her second No. 1 on the latter chart. Since 1961, Franklin has scored a total of 45 \"Top 40\" hits on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. Franklin has the most million-selling singles of any female artist with 14. Franklin has the female record for the most #1 R&B albums. In 1987, Franklin became the first female artist to be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Franklin was the only featured singer at the 2009 presidential inauguration for Barack Obama. Franklin was born in Memphis,", "1996: Arthur 'T-Boy' Ross (46) American songwriter, brother of Diana Ross; he and Leon Ware wrote hits for acts such as Michael Jackson, The Miracles and Marvin Gaye. (T-Boy and his wife Patricia, were found murdered in a basement of a house in Detroit's Oak Park area, the double murder is still unsolved) b. February 28th 1949.", "Katheryn Elizabeth “Katy” Hudson (born October 25, 1984), better known by her stage name Katy Perry, is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. After singing in church during her childhood, she pursued a career in gospel music as a teenager. Perry signed with Red Hill Records and released her debut studio album Katy Hudson in 2001, which was commercially unsuccessful. She moved to Los Angeles the following year to venture into secular music after Red Hill ceased operations. After being dropped by The Island Def Jam Music Group and Columbia Records, Perry signed a recording contract with Capitol Records in April 2007.", "Bio: LaDonna Adrian Gaines, known by the stage name Donna Summer, was an American singer and songwriter who gained prominence during the disco era of the late 1970s.", "Natalie Maria Cole (February 6, 1950 – December 31, 2015) was an American singer-songwriter, and actress. The daughter of Nat King Cole, she rose to musical success in the mid-1970s as an R&B artist with the hits \"This Will Be\", \"Inseparable\", and \"Our Love\". After a period of failing sales and performances due to a heavy drug addiction, Cole re-emerged as a pop artist with the 1987 album Everlasting and her cover of Bruce Springsteen's \"Pink Cadillac\". In the 1990s, she re-recorded standards by her father, resulting in her biggest success, Unforgettable... with Love, which sold over seven million copies and also won Cole numerous Grammy Awards. She sold over 30 million records worldwide. ", "Carrie Marie Underwood (born March 10, 1983) is an American singer, songwriter and actress. She rose to fame as the winner of the fourth season of American Idol in 2005, and has since become one of the most successful artists in any musical genre. Her achievements led her to be inducted into the Grand Ole Opry in 2008 and into the Oklahoma Music Hall of Fame in 2009. She has won numerous music awards, including 7 Grammy Awards, 17 Billboard Music Awards, 12 Academy of Country Music Awards and 9 American Music Awards.", "6. orig. Reginald Kenneth Dwight; born March 25, 1947, Pinner, Middlesex, Eng. British rock singer, pianist and songwriter. He played piano by ear as a child, winning a scholarship to the Royal Academy of Music at age 11. In the late 1960s he began a successful partnership with lyricist Bernie Taupin (b. 1950) that would produce hit albums such as Goodbye Yellow Brick Road (1973) and songs such as \"Rocket Man,\" \"Bennie and the Jets,\" and \"Philadelphia Freedom.\" The two returned with more hits in the early 1980s, including \"I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues.\" In 1997 John performed a new version of \"Candle in the Wind\" (1973) at the funeral of his friend Diana, princess of Wales; his recording immediately became the best-selling single of all time.", "Dana Elaine Owens (born March 18, 1970), known professionally by her stage name Queen Latifah, is an American rapper, songwriter, singer, actress, model, television producer, record producer, comedian, and talk show host. Born in Newark, New Jersey, she signed with Tommy Boy Records in 1989 and released her debut album All Hail the Queen the same year, featuring the hit single \"Ladies First\". Her second album, Nature of a Sista (1991), was her final album with Tommy Boy Records.", "Peggy Lee Peggy Lee (May 26, 1920 – January 21, 2002) was an American jazz and popular music singer, songwriter, composer and actress, in a career spanning six decades. From her beginning as a vocalist on local radio to singing with Benny Goodman’s big band, she forged a sophisticated persona, evolving into a multi-faceted artist and performer. She wrote music for films, acted, and created conceptual record albums—encompassing poetry, jazz, chamber pop, and art songs.", "Marcy duetted with Alice Cooper on his 1978 album From the Inside on the song \"Millie and Billie\". She provided backing vocals on the 1980 hit Lookin' for Love (#5 Pop and #1 Country) by Johnny Lee. Also in 1980, she sang a duet with Robin Gibb, \"Help Me!\", which was featured on the official soundtrack of the film Times Square. The song was released as a single, and reached number 50 on the US Billboard Hot 100. She also sung a duet on Jimmy Ruffin's album Sunrise; \"Where Do I Go\", and in 1981 was featured on the official soundtrack of American Pop on \"Somebody to Love\". During this period, Detroit was signed to Epic Records and released her debut album, Marcella in 1982. The album failed to appear on any major charts, and after the commercial failure of the album, Epic Records refused Detroit tour allowance with John Mellencamp, and she was later dropped by the label. She wrote and provided back vocals for \"Tangled in Love\" with Richard Feldman, which appeared on Eric Clapton's 1985 album Behind the Sun. Following this, she was asked by Clapton to start to work with him again, and after another year of touring with him, she again left to pursue her own solo career again. Detroit was featured in 1988 on the official soundtrack of Mac and Me, on the song \"You Knew What You Were Doing\".", "Peggy Lee (born Norma Deloris Egstrom; May 26, 1920 – January 21, 2002) was an American jazz and popular music singer, songwriter, composer, and actress, in a career spanning six decades. From her beginning as a vocalist on local radio to singing with Benny Goodman's big band, she forged a sophisticated persona, evolving into a multi-faceted artist and performer. During her career, she wrote music for films, acted, and recorded conceptual record albums that combined poetry and music.", "Martha Rose Reeves (born July 18, 1941) is an American R&B and pop singer and former politician, and is the lead singer of the Motown girl group Martha Reeves and the Vandellas. They scored over a dozen hit singles, including \"Come and Get These Memories\", \"Nowhere to Run\", \"Heat Wave\", \"Jimmy Mack\", and their signature \"Dancing In The Street\". From 2005 until 2009, Reeves served as an elected council woman for the city of Detroit, Michigan.", "Diana Jean Krall, OC, OBC (born November 16, 1964) is a Canadian jazz pianist and singer, known for her contralto vocals. She has sold more than 6 million albums in the US and over 15 million worldwide. On December 11, 2009, Billboard magazine named her the second Jazz artist of the 2000-09 decade, establishing her as one of the best-selling artists of her time.", "Reba Nell McEntire (born March 28, 1955) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, actress, and television producer. She began her career in the music industry as a high school student singing in the Kiowa High School band, on local radio shows with her siblings, and at rodeos. While a sophomore in college, she performed the National Anthem at the National Rodeo in Oklahoma City and caught the attention of country artist Red Steagall who brought her to Nashville, Tennessee. She signed a contract with Mercury Records a year later in 1975. She released her first solo album in 1977 and released five additional studio albums under the label until 1983.", "歌曲名:Detroit歌手:Marcella Detroit专辑:JewelJohn Rich - Shuttin' Detroit DownMy daddy taught meIn this county everyone's the sameYou work hard for your dollar__...", "In the mid-80's, Detroit collaborated with songwriters Billie Hughes and Roxanne Seeman. Among the songs they wrote together is Philip Bailey's \"Walking On The Chinese Wall\", which hit #34 in the UK and #46 in the USA. They also wrote songs for Randy Crawford, Al Jarreau and Pernilla Wahlgren.", "Florence Ballard (born Florence Glenda Ballard on June 30, 1943 in Detroit, Michigan) was one of the founding members of the Supremes." ]

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[ "\"God Bless America\" is an American patriotic song written by Irving Berlin in 1918 and revised by him in 1938. The later version has notably been recorded by Kate Smith, becoming her signature song. ", "God Bless America is an American patriotic song written by Irving Berlin in 1918 and revised by him in 1938. The later version was recorded by Kate Smith, and became her signature song.", "\"God Bless America\" is an American patriotic song written by Irving Berlin in 1918 and revised by him in 1938, as sung by Kate Smith (becoming her signature song).", "Originally composed by Irving Berlin in 1918, and reworked by him in 1938, \"God Bless America\" has become the nation's de facto anthem. Songstress Kate Smith performed her soon-to-be signature song for the first time on her radio show on November 11, 1938. It was an immediate sensation whose power and patriotism has not been diminished in the decades since. Though subsequently covered by innumerable other artists, Smith's resounding version remains the best known and most beloved rendition. Selected for the 2002 registry.", "The unofficial national anthem of the United States was composed by an immigrant who left his home in Siberia for the USA when he was only five years old. The original version of \"God Bless America\" was written by Irving Berlin (1888-1989) during the summer of 1918 at Camp Upton, located in Yaphank, Long Island, for his Ziegfeld-style revue, Yip, Yip, Yaphank. \"Make her victorious on land and foam, God Bless America...\" ran the original lyrics. However, Irving decided that the solemn tone of \"God Bless America\" was somewhat out of keeping with the more comedic elements of the show, so the song was laid aside.", "An earlier and much more obscure song called \"God Bless America!\" was written by Robert Montgomery Bird and published in 1834. Sheet music for this version is [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/S?ammem/mussm:@FILREQ(@field(TITLE+@od1(God+bless+America!++))+@FIELD(COLLID+sm1820)) available online] from the Library of Congress. The lyrics begin:", "When I started working on this article a while ago my initial aim was only to put together the story of \"This Land Is Your Land\" and this song's relationship to Irving Berlin's \"God Bless America\". Much to my surprise I ended up writing the story of Berlin’s song. Reading newspaper articles from that era and correlating them with his ethnic background and the political situation of that years offered a perspective on “God Bless America” and the songwriter himself that is very different from what I can read in most of the literature available today.  It strikes me as very odd that the points raised here aren't discussed. All these sources are freely available.", ". 1938 ~ Kate Smith sang God Bless America for the very first time. It would later become her signature song. Irving Berlin penned the tune in 1917 but never released it until Miss Smith sang it for the first time on her radio broadcast. Actually, the song was then 20 years old, but it had never been publicly performed before.", "In the fall of 1938, as fascism and war threatened Europe, Irving Berlin decided to write a peace song. He recalled an unpublished version of a song that he had set aside in a trunk, took it out and shaped it into a second national anthem, \"God Bless America.\"", "Today, “God Bless America” is often used as a symbol of support for war, sung by soldiers in uniform at baseball games and other events. But when Irving Berlin rediscovered his old song in 1938, he had been looking for a “peace song” as a response to the escalating conflict in Europe. He made changes to it and gave it to radio star Kate Smith to perform on her radio show on the eve of the first official celebration of Armistice Day—a holiday originally conceived to commemorate world peace and honor veterans of the Great War. (The peace part would be dropped in 1954, when it became Veteran’s Day.) In announcing the song’s premiere on her daytime talk show, Kate Smith declared, “As I stand before the microphone and sing it with all my heart, I’ll be thinking of our veterans and I’ll be praying with every breath I draw that we shall never have another war.”", "The following is an excerpt from God Bless America: The Surprising History of an Iconic Song by Sheryl Kaskowitz, out now from Oxford University Press .", "This Land Is Your Land – Woody Guthrie – One of greatest of all American patriotic songs.And yes, it was written as a humanist Marxist response to Irving Berlin's \"God Bless America\". I cant think of many national songs that compete with this. Though not dusty and rough hewn like the Guthrie version this is a great version sung with passion.", "Once Berlin decided to re-work the song, he worked in typical style: with speed and attention to detail. The first manuscript of \"God Bless America\" (in the hand of musical secretary Helmy Kresa) is dated October 31, 1938, and the earliest \"final\" version of the song is dated November 2.", "Guthrie was tired of the radio overplaying Irving Berlin 's \"God Bless America\". He thought the lyrics were unrealistic and complacent. Partly inspired by his experiences during a cross-country trip and his distaste for God Bless America, he penned his most famous song, \"This Land Is Your Land\", in February 1940; it was subtitled \"God Blessed America.\" The melody is based on the gospel song \"Oh My Loving Brother\", best-known as \"Little Darling, Pal of Mine\", sung by the country group The Carter Family. Guthrie signed the manuscript with the comment \"All you can write is what you see, Woody G., N.Y., N.Y., N.Y.\". He protested against class inequality in the final verses:", "Guthrie was tired of the radio overplaying Irving Berlin's \"God Bless America.\" He thought the song was unrealistic and complacent. Partly inspired by his experiences during a cross-country trip and his distaste for God Bless America, he penned his most famous song, \"This Land Is Your Land\" in February 1940. It was titled \"God Blessed America.\" The melody is based on the gospel song \"Oh My Loving Brother\", best known as \"Little Darling, Pal of Mine\", sung by the country group The Carter Family. Guthrie signed the manuscript with the comment \"All you can write is what you see, Woody G., N.Y., N.Y., N.Y.\". He protested class inequality in the final verses:", "Guthrie was tired of the radio overplaying Irving Berlin's \"God Bless America\". He thought the lyrics were unrealistic and complacent. Partly inspired by his experiences during a cross-country trip and his distaste for \"God Bless America\", he wrote his most famous song, \"This Land Is Your Land\", in February 1940; it was subtitled: \"God Blessed America for Me\". The melody is adapted from an old gospel song, \"Oh My Loving Brother\". This was best known as \"When The World's On Fire\", sung by the country group The Carter Family. Guthrie signed the manuscript with the comment, \"All you can write is what you see, Woody G., N.Y., N.Y., N.Y.\" He protested against class inequality in the fourth and sixth verses:", "With heightened tensions and war breaking out throughout Europe, Smith needed a patriotic song for her radio show.  She and her manager Ted Collins visited Berlin’s music studio in New York City, and asked the famed songwriter if he had anything that was both patriotic and reverent.  Berlin reached into a file drawer and pulled out “God Bless America.”", " Joe Klein, biographer of Woody Guthrie, dismisses “God Bless America” as a “patriotic pop tune” (p. 136 ). I think he - besides his deplorable lack of knowledge about Berlin and the song’s historical background - massively underestimates Berlin’s songwriting skills, his empathy for the people and his ability to be there a the right moment with the right song. For Berlin the songwriter was “not much more than a mirror which reflects” people’s feelings (Rosen, 2000) and here he managed to produce a song that “both registered Americans’ anxiety and provided a sense of reassurance and communal uplift” (dto.). But at the same time he was also way ahead of them.", "Woody Guthrie disliked the song, and wrote \"This Land Is Your Land\", originally titled \"God Blessed America For Me\", as a response to \"God Bless America\". \"This Land Is Your Land\" has also often been proposed as an American national anthem.", "\"He was always a staunch protector of his copyrights,\" said musicologist Sheryl Kaskowitz, who wrote her Harvard University Ph.D. dissertation on the song, and who is working on a book about it for Oxford University Press. \"For him to do this with 'God Bless America' was his sincere thank you to the country.\"", "“God Bless America” was re-released over the years – sometimes with Smith’s original 1939 version, other times with a new recording.  In 1947, she re-recorded “God Bless America” with a B-side of “Bless This House” on MGM Records.  In 1959, she released an LP called Kate Smith Sings God Bless America.  On November 2, 1963, a Kate Smith concert performance, which contained “God Bless America,” was recorded by RCA Victor and released as Kate Smith at Carnegie Hall.  The Carnegie Hall version of “God Bless America” was released as the flip side of the John F. Kennedy tribute song “In The Summer Of His Years”, which was released one week after the Kennedy assassination.", "It was, in fact, written as a rebuttal to \"God Bless America\" and intended as a \"worker's national anthem.\" When Pete Seeger and Bruce Springsteen performed it at President Obama's inaugural celebration, they included the missing verse.", "\"God Bless America\" takes the form of a prayer (intro lyrics \"as we raise our voices, in a solemn prayer\") for God's blessing and peace for the nation (\"...stand beside her and guide her through the night...\").", "By 2009, \"America the Beautiful\" was re-added to the ceremonies, with a different artist each year. In 1999, Lee Greenwood did a special performance of \"God Bless the USA\", and in 2003, Darryl Worley performed \"Have You Forgotten?\".", "Although it has become a part of our American consciousness, the history of “God Bless America” is more complex than it seems. Here are some things about the song that may surprise you:", "Popular Songs in America are “God Bless America”, “Over the Rainbow”, and “I’ll Never Smile Again.”", "If you grew up in the United States, chances are you can sing “God Bless America.” You might not remember exactly where you learned it, but you probably know most of the words, and you may find yourself singing along with the simple melody.", "“My Country ‘Tis of Thee” (also known as: “America”) was first sung at Park Street Church in Boston. Words by Samuel Francis Smith, set to the tune of “God Save the King.”", "---- Kathleen Krull and Allen Garns: I Hear America Singing!: Folk Songs for American Families (New York: A. A. Knopf, 2003)", "---- Kathleen Krull and Allen Garns: I Hear America Singing!: Folk Songs for American Families (New York: A. A. Knopf, 2003)", "\"America\" was the official campaign song for Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1940, as well as his Republican opponent, Wendell Willkie. At that time, the song represented cultural and religious tolerance. ", "By Grand Funk Railroad. Song talks about America's bicentennial and how the American people must continue to take pride in their country and not take our beautiful lands for granted. \"Oh, happy birthday America. Lord knows this ain't no sweet sixteen. Oh no, but you're beautiful America. We still believe in the American dream...God put man on this planet. But man forgot that he was heaven sent. Man takes the planet for granted. You would thought the American people had more sense...We all better pick up the sticks, in 1976...\"" ]

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[ "Sean Penn wrote and directed his first movie, The Indian Runner (1991), loosely based on Springsteen's song, \"Highway Patrolman\", from his \"Nebraska\" album from 1982, which was practically a demo tape made in Springsteen's house.", "Sean Justin Penn (born August 17, 1960) is an American actor, screenwriter and film director, also known for his political and social activism. He is a two-time Academy Award winner for his roles in Mystic River (2003) and Milk (2008), as well as the recipient of a Golden Globe Award for the former and a Screen Actors Guild Award for the latter. Penn began his acting career in television with a brief appearance in a 1974 episode of Little House on the Prairie, directed by his father Leo Penn. Following his film debut in 1981's Taps and a diverse range of film roles in the 1980s, Penn emerged as a prominent leading actor with the 1995 drama film Dead Man Walking, for which he earned his first Academy Award nomination and the Best Actor Award at the Berlin Film Festival. Penn subsequently received another two Oscar nominations for Sweet and Lowdown (1999) and I Am Sam (2001), before winning his first Academy Award for Best Actor in 2003 for Mystic River and a second one in 2008 for Milk. He has also won a Best Actor Award of the Cannes Film Festival for She's So Lovely (1997), and two Best Actor Awards at the Venice Film Festival for Hurlyburly (1998) and 21 Grams (2003).", "Sean Justin Penn (born August 17, 1960) is an American actor, screenwriter and film director, also known for his political and social activism. He is a two-time Academy Award winner for his roles in Mystic River (2003) and Milk (2008), as well as the recipient of a Golden Globe Award for the former and a Screen Actors Guild Award for the latter. Penn began his acting career in television with a brief appearance in a 1974 episode of Little House on the Prairie, directed by his father Leo Penn. Following his film debut in 1981's Taps and a diverse range of film roles in the 1980s, Penn emerged as a prominent leading actor with the 1995 drama film Dead Man Walking, for which he earned his first Academy Award nomination and the Best Actor Award at the Berlin Film Festival. Penn subsequently received another two Oscar nominations for Sweet and Lowdown (1999) and I Am Sam (2001), before winning his first Academy Award for Best Actor in 2003 for Mystic River and a second one in 2008 for Milk. He has also won a Best Actor Award of the Cannes Film Festival for She's So Lovely (1997), and two Best Actor Awards at the Venice Film Festival for Hurlyburly (1998) and 21 Grams (2003).", "Long the bad boy of Hollywood, Sean Penn is also among the most fiercely talented actors of his generation. He was born August 17, 1960, in Burbank, CA, the second son of actress Eileen Ryan and director Leo Penn . He grew up in Santa Monica, in a neighborhood populated by future celebrities Charlie Sheen and Emilio Estevez , the sons of actor Martin Sheen . Penn 's older brother, Michael , is a singer/songwriter-turned- director, while younger sibling Chris is a noted character actor. The children spent much of their free time together, making a number of amateur films shot with Super-8 cameras. Still, Penn 's original intention was to attend law school, although he ultimately skipped college to join the Los Angeles Repertory Theater. After making his professional debut on an episode of television's Barnaby Jones , he relocated to New York, where he soon appeared in the play Heartland. A TV-movie, The Killing of Randy Webster , followed in 1981 before he made his feature debut later that same year in Taps .", "Almost unrecognisable with frizzy hair and thin rimmed glasses, Penn was simply brilliant as corrupt lawyer David Kleinfeld in the Brian De Palma gangster movie Carlito's Way (1993) and he was still in trouble with authority as a Death Row inmate pleading with a caring nun to save his life in Dead Man Walking (1995), for which he received his first Oscar nomination. Sean then played the brother of wealthy Michael Douglas , involving him in a mind-snapping scheme in The Game (1997) and also landed the lead role of Sgt. Eddie Walsh in the star-studded anti-war film The Thin Red Line (1998), before finishing the 1990s playing an offbeat jazz musician (and scoring another Oscar nomination) in Sweet and Lowdown (1999).", "Penn made his feature film directorial debut with 1991's The Indian Runner, followed by the drama film The Crossing Guard (1995) and the mystery film The Pledge (2001). In 2002, Penn directed one of the 11 segments of 11'09\"01 September 11, a compilation film made in response to the September 11 attacks. In 2007, Penn directed his fourth feature film Into the Wild, which garnered critical acclaim and two Academy Award nominations.", "Penn made his feature film directorial debut with The Indian Runner , followed by the drama film The Crossing Guard and the mystery film The Pledge (2001). In 2002, Penn directed one of the 11 segments of 11'09\"01 September 11, a compilation film made in response to the September 11th attacks. In 2007, Penn directed his fourth feature film Into the Wild , which garnered critical acclaim and two Academy Award nominations.", "Sean Justin Penn (born August 17, 1960)  is an American actor, film director and political activist. He has won two Academy Awards, for his roles in the mystery drama Mystic River (2003) and the biopic Milk (2008).", "Sean Justin Penn (born August 17, 1960) is an American actor, film director and political activist. He has won two Academy Awards, for his roles in the mystery drama Mystic River (2003) and the biopic Milk (2008).", "Penn shot to stardom with 1982's Fast Times at Ridgemont High ; as the stoned surfer dude Jeff Spicoli, he stole every scene in which he appeared, helping to elevate the picture into a classic of the teen comedy genre; however, the quirkiness which would define his career quickly surfaced as he turned down any number of Spicoli-like roles to star in the 1983 drama Bad Boys , followed a year later by the Louis Malle caper comedy Crackers and the period romance Racing With the Moon . While none of the pictures performed well at the box office, critics consistently praised Penn 's depth as an actor. A turn as a drug addict turned government spy in John Schlesinger 's 1985 political thriller The Falcon and the Snowman earned some of his best notices to date, but Penn 's performance was quickly lost in the glare of the media attention surrounding his very public romance with pop singer Madonna , which culminated in the couple's 1985 media-circus wedding.", "Sean Penn and his wife, Robin Wright Penn, arrive at the world premiere of his new film \" Milk\" on Tuesday, Oct. 28, 2008, in San Francisco. The film is story of California's first openly gay elected official, Harvey Milk, a San Francisco supervisor who was assassinated along with Mayor George Moscone.", "Actor Sean Penn, nominated for best actor in a leading role for his work in \"Milk,\" arrives at the Academy Award luncheon in Beverly Hills Calif., on Monday, Feb. 2, 2009. Penn is also a filmmaker, political activist and member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences since 2004. His interest in progressive or liberal politics is reflected in some of his recent work.", "Milk is a 2008 American biographical film on the life of gay rights activist and politician Harvey Milk, who was the first openly gay man to be elected to public office in the United States of America as a member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors. Directed by Gus Van Sant, the film stars Sean Penn as Milk and Josh Brolin as Dan White. The film was released to much acclaim and earned numerous accolades from film critics and guilds. Ultimately, it received eight Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, winning two for Best Actor in a Leading Role for Penn and Best Original Screenplay for Dustin Lance Black.", "Nicole Kidman is a star who consistently finds dramatic challenges and takes chances. Consider her in \" Birth ,\" \" The Human Stain ,\" \" Dogville ,\" \" The Hours ,\" \" The Others \" and \" Moulin Rouge .\" Here, with a vaguely South African accent and a little-girl fear peering out from behind her big-girl occupation, she sidesteps her glamour and is convincing as a person of strong convictions. Sean Penn matches her with a weary professionalism, a way of sitting there and just looking at her, as if she will finally break down and tell him what he thinks she knows. It's intriguing the way his character keeps several possibilities in his mind at once, instead of just signing on with the theory that has the most sympathy from the audience.", "Sean Penn’s film performances have earned him a reputation for dramatic intensity, but to many filmgoers he will always be remembered as Jeff Spicoli, the teenage stoner from Fast Times at Ridgemont High (1982).", "The Tree of Life is a drama written and directed by Terrence Malick, starring Sean Penn, Brad Pitt and Jessica Chastain. The film mixes experimental clips of the origins of the universe and inception of life on Earth with the story of a middle-aged man's (Penn) memories of his childhood in 1950s Texas. The film won the Palme d'Or at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival and has received widespread acclaim. The film received an 84 percent on Rotten Tomatoes.", "Sean Penn, center, holds hands with his wife, actress Robin Wright Penn, left, and his mother, Eileen, as they arrive at the Kodak Theatre for the 76th annual Academy Awards ceremony in Los Angeles, Calif., Feb. 29, 2004. Later that evening, Penn won an Oscar for best actor in a leading role for \"Mystic River.\"", "Directed by Sean Penn. Cast: Jack Nicholson, Aaron Eckhart, Helen Mirren, Robin Wright Penn, Vanessa Redgrave, Sam Shepard, Benicio Del Toro, Tom Noonan, Mickey Rourke, Lois Smith, Harry Dean Stanton, Patricia Clarkson. A veteran police detective, on the day of his retirement, handles the case of a seven-year-old girl who has been brutally murdered. When a mentally retarded man confesses to the murder and then kills himself, the detectives consider the case closed, but was he actually the murderer? Before long evidence is uncovered that suggests the girl was just one in a series of brutal killings involving young girls and a mysterious man. 124 min. vhs 999:3242", "Directed by Clint Eastwood. Cast: Sean Penn, Tim Robbins, Kevin Bacon, Laurence Fishburne, Marcia Gay Harden, Laura Linney, Kevin Chapman, Adam Nelson, Tom Guiry. Boston childhood friends Jimmy, Sean and Dave are reunited after a brutal murder. Reformed convict Jimmy and his devoted wife Annabeth find out that their teenage daughter Katie has been beaten and killed. Jimmy's old friend Sean is the homicide detective assigned to the case. Jimmy gets his relatives, the Savage brothers to conduct their own investigation. Jimmy and Sean soon suspect their old pal Dave, who now lives a quite life, but harbors some disturbing secrets of his own. 138 min. DVD 7143", "Sean Penn accepts his Academy Award for Best Actor at the ceremony in Los Angeles on Feb. 22, 2009. He won for his role in Gus Van Sant's \"Milk.\" It was his second Oscar and his sixth nomination.", "Hopper Jack Penn, left, and Sean Penn, right, are seen in Hollywood, Calif. on May 7, 2015.", "Twenty-eight years later, the boys are grown and still live in Boston, but they are no longer close friends. Jimmy (Sean Penn) is an ex-convict running a neighborhood store, while Dave (Tim Robbins) is a blue-collar worker. The two are still neighbors and related by marriage. Sean (Kevin Bacon) has become a detective with the Massachusetts State Police. Several months prior, his wife left him for another man.", "* December 11, 2008, Sean Penn received one Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor, the film's only nomination.", "Directed by Amy Heckerling. Starring Sean Penn, Jennifer Jason Leigh, Phoebe Cates, Judge Reinhold, Brian Backer, Robert Romanus, Ray Watson.", "Then commences the main plot. On the same street, in the same weather, we see the three boys grown up: Dave (Tim Robbins) is a lost soul barely held together by his wife Celeste (Marcia Gay Harden). Jimmy (Sean Penn) is an ex-con with a second wife who walks the straight and narrow as proprietor of a mom-and-pop grocery. Sean (Kevin Baker) is a police detective who has split from the neighborhood.", "Milk director Gus Van Sant, who describes Penn as \"the Brando of our generation,\" said the actor was his first choice for the role.", "The film's screenwriter Dustin Lance Black said Penn's performance was uncannily realistic. \"I don't know how he did it,\" Black said. \"Sean physically inhabited the body and soul of Harvey Milk.\"", "Sean Penn and Tim Robbins Turn in Award Winning Performances in Mystic River - Read expert review at epinions.com", "Sean Penn co-owns a restaurant in Paris, named Man-Ray, with Johnny Depp, John Malkovich and Mick Hucknall.", "Best Actor: Sean Penn — If Mickey Rourke’s dog had died even a week earlier that might have put him over the top.", "Directed by Arthur Penn. Starring Warren Beatty, Faye Dunaway, Michael J. Pollard, Gene Hackman, Estelle Parsons, Gene Wilder, Denver Pyle.", "Over the years the film has obtained an iconic status. In an interview, Penn stated \"None of us had any idea it would take on a life of its own.\"" ]

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[ "\"The Tide Is High\" is a 1966 song written by John Holt, originally produced by Duke Reid and performed by the Jamaican group the Paragons, with John Holt as lead singer. The song gained international attention in 1980, when a version by the American band Blondie became a US/UK number one hit. The British girl group Atomic Kitten also had a number one hit with their version of the song in 2002, and a version of the song was a minor hit for Canadian rapper Kardinal Offishall in 2008.", "\"The Tide Is High\" was covered by US New Wave band Blondie in 1980, in a reggae/ska style that included horns and strings. It was released as a single, and appeared on the band's fifth album, Autoamerican. It reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100, and was popular outside the USA, reaching number one on the UK singles chart, number four in Australia, and number fifteen in the former West Germany. It was the last UK number one single for the band until \"Maria\" in 1999.", "\"The Tide Is High\" was covered by the American new wave band Blondie in 1980, in a reggae style that included horns and strings. It was released as the lead single from the band's fifth studio album, Autoamerican (1980). It was Blondie's third number one smash on the Billboard Hot 100 and their fifth in the UK. It also went on to reach the top three of Billboard's Adult Contemporary chart, and was popular throughout the world, reaching no. 4 in Australia, and no. 15 in Germany. It was the last UK number one single for the band until \"Maria\" in 1999. The B-side of \"The Tide Is High\" was \"Suzie and Jeffrey\", which appeared as a bonus track on the original 1980 cassette edition of the album Autoamerican and was also included on EMI-Capitol's re-issue of Autoamerican in 2001.", "The Tide is High by Blondie becomes the No. 1 U.S. single replacing John Lennon's Just Like Starting Over .", "In November 1980, Blondie's fifth studio album, Autoamerican (UK No. 3, US No. 7, Australia No. 8) was released and contained two more No. 1 US hits: the reggae-styled \"The Tide Is High\", a cover version of a 1967 song by the Paragons, and the rap-flavored \"Rapture\", which was the first song featuring rapping to reach number one in the U.S. In the song Harry mentions the hip hop and graffiti artist Fab Five Freddy who also appears in the video for the song. Autoamerican featured a far wider stylistic range than previous Blondie albums, including the avant-garde instrumental \"Europa\", the acoustic jazz of \"Faces\", and \"Follow Me\" (from the Broadway show \"Camelot\"). The album went on to achieve platinum success in both the United States and the United Kingdom.", "The first single off the album was \"It's OK!\", which peaked at number three in the United Kingdom. The next single was \" The Tide Is High (Get the Feeling) \", a remake of the 1965 song by  The Paragons  (also made famous by  Blondie  in 1980), which gave the group their third number-one single in the UK and New Zealand. In April 2002, Hamilton announced that she was pregnant, but rather than leave the group, she opted to continue with the scheduled 2002 tour. Their third single off the album was \"The Last Goodbye\" and Hamilton filmed the music video for \"The Tide Is High (Get the Feeling)\", and made an appearance at  Party in the Park  before finally going on maternity leave", "Blondie 's \"The Tide Is High\" is a gender-flipped cover of a Paragons song from 1967. Apparently it's been covered since and accredited to Debbie Harry in one of the newer versions.", "The band’s first hit was 1978’s Denis, which peaked at Number 2. Their fifth Top 40 hit turned into their first Number 1 – Heart Of Glass in 1979. Five more followed: Sunday Girl (1979), Atomic, Call Me and The Tide Is High (all 1980). The group had renewed chart success in the mid-90s thanks to a rerelease of a greatest hits album and remix package. The band have enjoyed eight Top 10 albums.", "Elvis Costello - (born Declan Patrick MacManus; 25 August 1954) is an English musician and singer-songwriter. Costello came to prominence as an early participant in London's pub rock scene in the mid-1970s, and later became associated with the punk rock and New Wave musical genres, before establishing his own unique voice in the 1980s. Steeped in wordplay, the vocabulary of Costello's lyrics is broader than that of most popular songs. His work has drawn on many diverse musical genres.", "During the 1980s, country artists saw their records perform well on the pop charts. Willie Nelson and Juice Newton each had two songs in the Billboard Top 5 in the early eighties: Nelson charted \"Always On My Mind\" (#5, 1982) and \"To All The Girls I've Loved Before\" (#5, 1984), and Newton achieved success with \"Queen of Hearts\" (#2, 1981) and \"Angel of the Morning\" (#4, 1981). Four country songs topped the Billboard Hot 100 in the 1980s: \"Lady\" by Kenny Rogers, which was the #3 song for the entire year in 1981, \"9 to 5\" by Dolly Parton, \"I Love a Rainy Night\" by Eddie Rabbitt (these two back to back at the Top in 1981), and \"Islands in the Stream\", a duet by Dolly Parton and Kenny Rogers in 1983, a pop-country crossover hit written by Barry, Robin, and Maurice Gibb of the Bee Gees. Newton's \"Queen of Hearts\" almost reached #1, but was kept out of the spot by the pop ballad juggernaut \"Endless Love\" by Diana Ross and Lionel Richie.", "Billy Ocean (born Leslie Sebastian Charles; 21 January 1950) is a Trinidadian-born English recording artist who had a string of R&B international pop hits in the 1970s and 1980s. He was the most popular British R&B singer-songwriter of the early to mid-1980s. After scoring his first four UK Top 20 successes, seven years passed before he accumulated a series of transatlantic successes, including three U.S. number ones. In 1985, Ocean won the Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance for his worldwide hit, \"Caribbean Queen\", and in 1987 was nominated for the Brit Award for Best British Male Artist. ", "Aretha Louise Franklin (born March 25, 1942) is an American singer, songwriter and pianist commonly referred to as The Queen of Soul. Although renowned for her soul recordings, Franklin is also adept at jazz, blues, R&B and gospel music. Rolling Stone magazine ranked Franklin No. 1 on its list of The Greatest Singers of All Time. Franklin is one of the most honored artists by the Grammy Awards, with 18 competitive Grammys to date, and two honorary Grammys. She has scored a total of 20 No. 1 singles on the Billboard R&B Singles Chart, one of which also became her first No. 1 hit on the Billboard Hot 100: \"Respect\" (1967). \"I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)\" (1987), a duet with George Michael, became her second No. 1 on the latter chart. Since 1961, Franklin has scored a total of 45 \"Top 40\" hits on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. Franklin has the most million-selling singles of any female artist with 14. Franklin has the female record for the most #1 R&B albums. In 1987, Franklin became the first female artist to be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Franklin was the only featured singer at the 2009 presidential inauguration for Barack Obama. Franklin was born in Memphis,", "Grace Jones (born 19 May 1948) is a Jamaican singer, songwriter, lyricist, supermodel, record producer, and actress. She was born in Spanish Town, Jamaica and raised by her grandparents. At 13 she moved with her siblings to their parents' home in Syracuse, New York. Jones started out as a model, initially in New York state, then in Paris, working for Yves St. Laurent, Claude Montana, and Kenzo Takada, and appearing on the covers of Elle, Vogue, and Stern working with Helmut Newton, Guy Bourdin, and Hans Feurer.", "Bryan Ferry CBE (born 26 September 1945 in Washington, County Durham, England) is an English singer, songwriter and musician. His vocal style has been described as an \"elegant, seductive croon\". He also established a distinctive image and sartorial style; according to The Independent, in common with his contemporary David Bowie, he influenced a generation with both his music and his appearance. ", "Michael Barratt (born 4 March 1948) better known by his stage name Shakin' Stevens is a platinum-selling Welsh rock and roll singer and songwriter who was the UK's biggest-selling singles artist of the 1980s. His recording and performing career began in the late 1960s, although it was not until 1980 that he saw commercial success in his native land. In the UK alone, Stevens has charted 33 Top 40 hit singles.", "Bonnie Tyler (born Gaynor Hopkins on 8 June 1951- Skewen, Wales, United Kingdom) is a Welsh singer, songwriter and businesswoman. Beginning as a local singer in Swansea, Tyler came to prominence with the release of her 1976 album The World Starts Tonight and its singles Lost In France and More Than A Lover . Her 1978 single It's A Heartache was a hit on both sides of the Atlantic, reaching number one in several European countries and breaking the American charts… read more", "Robin and Barry Gibb released various solo albums in the 1980s, but only with sporadic and moderate chart success. However, the brothers had continuing success behind the scenes, writing and producing for artists such as Barbra Streisand, Dionne Warwick, Diana Ross and Kenny Rogers, including Rogers' multi-million seller and U.S. #1 hit with Dolly Parton, \"Islands in the Stream\".", "Bonnie Tyler (born Gaynor Hopkins; 8 June 1951) is a Welsh singer and occasional songwriter. ...  Mehr", "*The Tide Is High (Get The Feeling) (Version en español 'Ser tu pasión eres mi obsesión') – 3:27", "The single \"Ghost Town\", released in June 1981, spent three weeks at number one and ten weeks in the top 40 of the UK Singles Chart. The b-side song, \"Friday Night Saturday Morning\", penned by Terry Hall, described a night out at the Coventry Locarno. [4]", "Catherine \"Kate\" Bush, CBE (born 30 July 1958) is an English singer-songwriter, musician and record producer, who is known for her eclectic musical style and her idiosyncratic vocal performances. In 1978, at the age of 19, Bush topped the UK Singles Chart for four weeks with her debut single \"Wuthering Heights\", becoming the first woman to have a UK number one with a self-written song. She has since released ten albums, three of which topped the UK Albums Chart. She has had 25 UK Top 40 hit singles, including the Top 10 hits \"Wuthering Heights\", \"The Man with the Child in His Eyes\", \"Babooshka\", \"Running Up That Hill\" (as well as its 2012 remix), \"Don't Give Up\" (a duet with Peter Gabriel), and \"King of the Mountain\". Ocultar", "Marc Almond (born Peter Mark Sinclair Almond on 9 July 1957 in Southport, Lancashire) is an English singer, songwriter and recording artist, who originally found fame as half of the seminal synthpop/New Wave duo Soft Cell.", "Karen Anne Carpenter (March 2, 1950 – February 4, 1983) was an American singer and drummer. She and her brother, Richard Carpenter, formed the 1970s duo The Carpenters. Although her skills as a drummer earned admiration from drumming luminaries and peers, she is best known for her vocal performances. She had a contralto vocal range.", "* Robyn Hitchcock, folk-rock musician, lived near Yarmouth during the 1980s and 1990s, and still spends much of his time in the Isle of Wight", "June 8th 1953, Born on this day, Bonnie Tyler, Welsh singer, who scored the 1983 UK & US No.1 single 'Total Eclipse Of The Heart', as well as hits with 'Lost in France' and 'It's a Heartache'.", "Henley achieved arguably the greatest commercial solo success of any former Eagle. In 1981, he sang a duet with Stevie Nicks of Fleetwood Mac fame, \"Leather and Lace.\" In 1982, he released I Can't Stand Still, featuring the hit \"Dirty Laundry.\" This album would pale in comparison to his next release, Building the Perfect Beast (1984), which features the classic rock radio staples \"The Boys of Summer\" (a Billboard number 5 hit), \"All She Wants to Do Is Dance (number 9),\" \"Not Enough Love in the World\" (number 34) and \"Sunset Grill\" (number 22). Henley's next album, The End of the Innocence (1989), was also a major success. It includes \"The End of the Innocence,\" \"The Last Worthless Evening\" and \"The Heart of the Matter.\" His solo career was cut short due to a contract dispute with his record company, which was finally resolved when the Eagles reunited in 1994.", "For those with any nostalgia for the decade of Pac-Man and leg warmers, The Motels' \"Suddenly Last Summer,\" which peaked on the Hot 100 in 1983, will satisfy any craving for '80s summer music. Over a catchy drum beat and spacey guitar, the emotionally distraught Martha Davis explains in a hot, dusty voice that though the seasons change, that doesn't mean the summer has to end.", "1947 ● Pete Waterman → Member of the multi-hit UK songwriting and production trio Stock-Aitken-Waterman (SAW), wrote “Respectable” (#1 for Rick Astley, 1987)", "\"Bonnie Tyler\" (born \"Gaynor Hopkins\" on June 8, 1951 in Skewen, Neath) is a Welsh singer.", "Avalon is the RIAA Platinum-certified eighth and final studio album by the English rock band Roxy Music. Released in May 1982, it was recorded in 1981–82 at Compass Point Studios in Nassau, Bahamas, and is generally regarded as the culmination of the smoother, more adult-oriented sound of the band's later work. It was the band's most successful studio album, reaching No. 1 in the UK (for 3 weeks) and staying on the album charts for over a year. Although it only climbed as high as No. 53, Avalon is notable for being the band's only million-selling record in the United States. ", "'Seaside Woman'/'B Side To Seaside', a single by Suzy And The Red Stripes (Linda McCartney and Wings), was issued by A&cM Records on AMS 7461 on Wednesday 10 August 1979.", "Permanent Waves was released on January 1, 1980. This is the first track on the album, making it arguably the first song released in the '80s. >>" ]

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[ "Britt Ekland (born Britt-Marie Eklund; 6 October 1942) is a Swedish film, stage, and television actress, and singer. She appeared in numerous films in her heyday throughout the 1960s and 1970s, including critically acclaimed roles in William Friedkin's The Night They Raided Minsky's (1968), and the British crime film Get Carter (1971), which established her as a movie sex symbol. She also starred in the British cult horror film The Wicker Man (1973) and appeared as a Bond girl in The Man with the Golden Gun (1974). ", "Britt Ekland (born Britt-Marie Eklund; 6 October 1942) is a Swedish film, stage, and television actress, and singer. She appeared in numerous films in her heyday throughout the 1960s and 1970s, including critically acclaimed roles in William Friedkin's The Night They Raided Minsky's (1968), and the British crime film Get Carter (1971), which established her as a movie sex symbol. She also appeared as a Bond girl in The Man with the Golden Gun (1974), and starred in the British cult horror film The Wicker Man (1973).", "Britt-Marie Eklund, better known as Britt Ekland, is a Swedish actress and singer who played Bond girl Mary Goodnight in the film The Man with the Golden Gun with Roger Moore . A long-time resident of the United Kingdom, Ekland is best known for playing Goodnight, appearing in the British cult horror film The Wicker Man, her high-profile social life and her whirlwind marriage to actor Peter Sellers , which was one of the reasons Sellers had so much trouble on the set of Casino Royale.", "Britt Ekland, the star of the James Bond film 'The Man with the Golden Gun', has become a grandmother 'at last'.", "Britt Ekland (born Britt-Marie Eklund; 6 October 1942) is a Swedish film, stage, and television actress, and singer. She appeared in numerous films in her heyday throughout the 1960s and 1970s, including critically acclaimed roles in William Friedkin's The Night They Raided Minsky's (1968), and the British crime film Get Carter (1971), which established her as a movie sex symbol. She also appeared as a Bond girl in The Man with the Golden Gun (1974), and starred in the British cult horror film The Wicker Man (1973). Her high-profile social lif ... (展开) e and her 1964 marriage to actor Peter Sellers attracted considerable press attention, leading to her being one of the most photographed celebrities in the world during the 1970s.", "Britt Ekland was born October 6, 1942 in Stockholm, Sweden. She made her film debut with a small part in the Elvis Presley film G.I. Blues in 1960. She is probably best known for her role as a \"Bond girl\" in the 1974 spy flick The Man with the Golden Gun. A year later she provided sexy whispers for her then boyfriend Rod Stewart's hit single \"Tonight's the Night (Gonna Be Alright).\" Though she has not appeared in feature films since 1990, Britt has continued acting on the stage and occasionally on television.", "* Britt Ekland as Mary Goodnight: Bond's assistant. Described by the critic of the The Sunday Mirror as being \"an astoundingly stupid blonde British agent\". Ekland had previously been married to Peter Sellers, who appeared in the 1967 Bond film, Casino Royale.", "Other roles included in the thriller The Ultimate Thrill (1974) and the British drama Baxter! (1973). On television, she was cast in the TV film The Six Million Dollar Man: Wine, Women and War (1973) opposite Lee Majors. Ekland's next prominent role came when she was cast as the lead Bond girl, Mary Goodnight, in the 1974 James Bond film The Man with the Golden Gun, which received mixed reviews but furthered Ekland's status as a sex symbol. In 1976 she provided the French spoken part at the end of then boyfriend Rod Stewart's hit single \"Tonight's the Night (Gonna Be Alright)\". Ekland also portrayed biographical characters, such as the one based on real-life actress Anny Ondra (boxer Max Schmeling's wife) in the television movie Ring of Passion (1978). Ekland was also featured in the horror pictures The Monster Club (1980) and Satan's Mistress (1982). ", "'\\n <mark>Britt Ekland</mark> is 20 years, minus a day, older than James Bond, it turns out. \\n\\n The Swedish star, still a dazzler on the eve of her 50th birthday, remembers very fondly her time as a Bond Girl in Man With The Golden Gun (1974), and especially her clinches with Bond of that era, Roger Moore. \\n\\n <mark>Britt Ekland</mark> with her James Bond of choice, Roger Moore \\n\\n Moore, as the joker Bond, sometimes gets sandwiched these days between the memorable charisma of ...", "1974 31 Years Old Ekland's next prominent role came when she was cast as the lead Bond girl, Mary Goodnight, in the 1974 James Bond film The Man with the Golden Gun, which received mixed reviews but furthered Ekland's status as a sex symbol.", "\"The Man with The Golden\" Gun Britt Ekland as Mary Goodnight with James Bond (Roger Moore) Nick Nack", "Swedish actress Britt Ekland plays Mary Goodnight in THE MAN WITH THE GOLDEN GUN. Here, she answers your questions…", "Mary Goodnight first appeared as 00-Section secretary in the Ian Fleming novels On Her Majesty's Secret Service , You Only Live Twice and The Man with the Golden Gun . In 1974 the character appeared in the film adaptation of The Man with the Golden Gun as an inexperienced field operative. She was portrayed by Britt Ekland .", "Wicker Man actress Britt Ekland appeared on the British TV show Friday Night with Jonathan Ross on BBC1 on February 1, 2008. Ross described the movie as one of his \"all time favourites\", and presented the infamous \"wall slapping\" scene from the film. Britt explained that she had refused to dance fully nude in the scene because she recently learned she was pregnant; Scottish housewife Jane Jackson appeared as a body double. [13]", "Britt Ekland is still a Bond Girl, even if she's closer to 70 than 007. The former Swedish bombshell, who hits the seven-decade mark on Oct. 6, emerged this week looking ready for more international intrigue. Cameras spied her as she attended a 50th anniversary James Bond celebration in London.", "Britt Ekland as Goodnight or Barbara Bach as XXX: which of these 2 Roger Moore Bond girls gave the better acting performance in her respective Bond film?", "If the \"unofficial\" James Bond films, Casino Royale and Never Say Never Again, are included, several actresses have also been a Bond girl more than once: Ursula Andress in Dr. No (1962) and Casino Royale; Angela Scoular, in On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1969) and Casino Royale; Valerie Leon in The Spy Who Loved Me (1977) and Never Say Never Again.", "Bond Girls: Andrea Anders (Maud Adams), Saida (Carmen du Sautoy), Miss Mary Goodnight (Britt Ekland), Chew Mee (Francoise Therry)", "What do you think of Mary Goodnight in TMWTGG? Do you think she was competent enough to be a spy? Some folks think that Maud Adams should have been the main Bond girl in that movie. Do you like Britt Ekland as an actress?", "Although Barbara Bach has the looks and does do a god job portraying XXX I defiantly think that Britt Ekland's performance surpasses Bach's even thought her looks are below Bach's in a Bond Girl sense.", "Maud Adams went on to play another lead role in a second Bond film (in Octopussy (1983)) as another Bond girl, the only actress to have done so.", "Halle Berry was probably the most famous actress cast as a Bond girl. Already well-established, Berry won her Oscar for \"Monster's Ball\" in 2002, while filming \"Die Another Day.\" As Bond girl Giacinta 'Jinx' Johnson, Berry recreated the scene made famous by Ursula Andress 40 years earlier in \"Dr. No,\" when she emerges from the water to be greeted by James Bond, played by Pierce Brosnan. Berry wore an unforgettable orange bikini and a knife as an homage to Andress. The actress told Ebony that the scene was \"sexy\" and \"provocative\" and \"will keep me still out there after winning an Oscar.\"", "007 first meets Jinx coming out of the sea in a Honey Ryder ( Ursula Andress in 'Dr. No' ) homage. Unknown to Bond, at the time, she too is investigating the Gene Therapy Clinic for the American NSA.", "Ursula Andress was later mentioned by name in the novel On Her Majesty's Secret Service, and described as a \"beautiful movie star\". As such, Andress is the first of only two entertainers that have actually starred in a Bond film to be mentioned by Fleming in his James Bond novels. The other is David Niven who co-starred as James Bond in the 1967 film adaptation of Casino Royale which also starred Andress.", "(11 of ) Kristina Wayborn is shown in a scene from the 1983 James Bond series film \"Octopussy\" in this undated publicity photograph. Wayborn is one of the \"Bond Girls\" women who have starred opposite the character of James Bond in the action film series. Courtesy of MGM", "One of North Koreans most feared generals is developing a powerful weapon to invade the South. Bond (Pierce Brosnan)'s mission leads him from the North Korean dungeons, over Hong Kong and Cuba, to Iceland. Millionaire Gustav Graves (Toby Stephens) invites him there for a spectacular presentation in the Ice Palace. Surrounded by two beautiful Bond girls (Halle Berry and Rosamund Pike), Bond tries to unravel the mystery and destroy the weapon that threatens South Korea.", "Bond (Moore) is partnered with Russian agent Anya Amasova (Barbara Bach - most beautiful of all the many Bond girls) to solve the mysterious disappearance of two nuclear submarines, one British the other Russian. They follow the clues to the underwater lair of Karl Stromberg (Curt Jurgens), an elegant and educated psychopath with a plan to destroy the world in a nuclear holocaust and retreat to his undersea empire. To add to their complications, Anya learns that her recently killed boyfriend was eliminated by Bond during an assignment.", "Madonna also makes a cameo appearance in the movie (as Verity the fencing instructor), which was was the final scene shot during principal filming. She plays a Lesbian fencing instructor (she demands for it) She is the only bond girl that not is kissing the super spy", "Jinx next appeared at diamond merchant Gustav Graves' (Toby Stephens) Ice Palace demonstration in Iceland, driving a dark red Ford Thunderbird. At the evening's formal event, she met Bond at the bar, noting that she had left him \"in an explosive situation. You're a big boy. Figured you could handle yourself.\" She said she was a girl \"who doesn't like to get tied down.\"", "After Bond exchanged a flirtatious smile with \"the next girl\" (Xenia Onatopp (Famke Janssen)) - the red-gloved brunette driver of the other car, they engaged in a dangerous car race down the hill, evading obstacles such as a hay-truck and a group of ascending cyclists. She eventually outmaneuvered Bond and sped away into the distance, when Bond obeyed Caroline's order to stop his car. He deferred to her: \"As you can see, I have no problem with female authority.\"", "Halle Berry says that the character she plays is a strong and modern woman. \"I play the feminine James Bond,\" she said. \"She's the next step in the evolution of women in the Bond movies. She's more modern - more intelligent - and not the classic villain.\"", "It's 45 minutes into the movie when Madonna herself makes her appearance. Bond arrives for some fencing lessons and when he enters the room, Madonna is standing there, with her back to him. Bond points his epee at her and when she raises her own sword to parry, he evades it. Appreciately Madonna grins:\"I see you know how to handle your weapon well\", to which Bond replies: \"I have been known to raise my tip from time to time\". Meanwhile we see two fencers in full action; they turn out to be Miranda (Rosamund Pike) and Gustav Graves (Toby Stephens). Madonna first talks about Miranda, with the complementary innuendo. Then she talks about Gustav and asks if Bond wants her to introduce him. Before Bond and Gustav get to their fight, they ask Verity if she wants to place a bet, to which she replies with her already famous end line \"No thanks, I don't like cock fights\". Once they start fencing, we don't get to see Verity anymore. The cameo is just a few minutes, but it's a cool scene and Madonna really pulls it off very good. She acts pretty natural for a change and the scene flows very well. The lesbian innuendo has been largely exaggerated by the press and stays limited to some double remarks about Miranda, and some looks between the two girls. As reported earlier, other lines were cut from the movie." ]

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[ "Sir Michael Philip \"Mick\" Jagger (born 26 July 1943) is an English singer, songwriter and actor, best known as the lead singer and a co-founder of the Rolling Stones.", "Sir Michael Philip \"Mick\" Jagger (born 26 July 1943) is an English musician, singer-songwriter, actor, and producer, best known as the lead vocalist of rock band, The Rolling Stones. Jagger has also acted in and produced several films.", "Sir Michael Philip \"Mick\" Jagger (26 July 1943) is an English singer, songwriter and actor, best known as the lead singer and a co-founder of the Rolling Stones .", "Raised in a middle-class English family, Michael Philip Jagger attended the London School of Economics but left without graduating in order to pursue a career in music. In the early 1960s, Jagger, along with Brian Jones, Keith Richards and Ian Stewart, founded the Rolling Stones, which would become one of the world’s most popular and enduring rock and roll bands. The group’s many hit songs include “(I Can’t Get No) Satisfaction,” “Jumpin’ Jack Flash” and “You Can’t Always Get What You Want.” In his personal life, Jagger became famous for his wild rock-star lifestyle and glamorous girlfriends and wives.", "English musician, singer, songwriter and actor, Mick Jagger, best known as the lead vocalist and a co-founder of the Rolling Stones, has seven children with four women, first with black American singer, actress, model and novelist Marsha Hunt, he has daughter Karis Hunt Jagger (born November 4, 1970), his first wife Nicaraguan-born former actress, social and human rights advocate Bianca De Macias, he has daughter Jade Sheena Jezebel Jagger (born October 21, 1971), with his second wife Jerry Hall, he has daughter Elizabeth “Lizzie” Scarlett Jagger (born March 2, 1984), son James Leroy Augustin Jagger (born August 28, 1985), daughter Georgia May Ayeesha Jagger (born January 12, 1992) and son Gabriel Luke Beauregard Jagger (born December 9, 1997) and a son Lucas Maurice Morad Jagger (born May 18, 1999) with Luciana Gimenez. Mick Jagger also has four grandchildren, and expects to become a great-grandfather in 2014 through Assisi, his granddaughter, who is the daughter of Jade Jagger.", "Michael Philip Jagger was born in 1943, in Dartford, Kent. A good student, Mick attended grammar school and then won a place at the prestigious London School of Economics. As has been well documented, he was a childhood friend of future Stones bandmate, guitarist and co-writer Keith Richards, with whom he lost touch during adolescence, before a chance meeting on the platform of the local railway station in 1960 brought them back together in their late teens. Discovering a shared passion for American rhythm and blues and rock’n’roll, they started hanging out, playing records and then making music.", "Michael Philip Jagger was born in Dartford, Kent on 26th July 1943. When he was 4 he met Keith Richards until they went into secondary schools and lost touch. But one day in 1960 they accidentally met on the Dartford train line and both realized that they had an interest in rock n roll combined with blues. Between 1960-1962 The Rolling Stones formed. It comprised of Mick on lead vocal and harmonica, Keith Richards on guitar, Bill Wyman on bass, Charlie Watts on drums and Brian Jones on guitar.", "Born Michael Philip Jagger in Dartford, Kent, in 1943, he met Keith Richards at Wentworth Primary School a few years later. The pair lost touch but reconnected at the local railway station in 1960. By then, they both shared a deep love and understanding of American rhythm and blues, including Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Howlin’ Wolf, Jimmy Reed and Muddy Waters whose song, ‘Rollin’ Stone’ inspired the name of the band they eventually formed in 1962 with guitarist Brian Jones.", "Keith Richards and Mick Jagger were childhood friends and classmates in Dartford, Kent until the Jaggers moved to Wilmington.[1] Jagger had formed a garage band with Dick Taylor, mainly playing Muddy Waters, Chuck Berry, Little Richard, Howlin’ Wolf and Bo Diddley songs. Jagger became reacquainted with Keith Richards in 1960 at Dartford railway station. The Chuck Berry and Muddy Waters records Jagger had in his hands revealed a mutual interest and prompted their musical partnership. Richards joined Jagger and Taylor at frequent meetings at Jagger’s house. The meetings switched to Taylor’s house in late 1961, where the three were joined by Allen Etherington and Bob Beckwith. The five adopted the moniker the Blue Boys.", "In the early 1950s Keith Richards and Mick Jagger were classmates at Wentworth Primary School in Dartford, Kent . [2] They met again in 1960 while Richards was attending Sidcup Art College . [3] Richards recalled, \"I was still going to school, and he was going up to the London School of Economics ... So I get on this train one morning, and there's Jagger and under his arm he has four or five albums... He's got Chuck Berry and Muddy Waters\". [4] With mutual friend Dick Taylor (later of Pretty Things ), they formed the band Little Boy Blue and the Blue Boys. [3] Stones founders Brian Jones and pianist Ian Stewart were active in the London R&B scene fostered by Cyril Davies and Alexis Korner . Jagger and Richards met Jones while he was playing slide guitar sitting in with Korner's Blues Incorporated . Korner also had hired Jagger periodically and frequently future Stones drummer Charlie Watts . [5] Their first rehearsal was organised by Jones and included Stewart, Jagger and Richards - the latter came along at Jagger's invitation. In June 1962 the lineup was: Jagger, Richards, Stewart, Jones, Taylor, and drummer Tony Chapman. Taylor then left the group. Jones named the band The Rollin' Stones, after the song \" Rollin' Stone \" by Muddy Waters . [6] [7]", "Mick Jagger, otherwise known as the front-man of the Rolling Stones, studied Business at London School of Economics during the 1960s. Somewhat predictably, he dropped out in 1963 to pursue one of the most successful music careers in the history of Rock’n’Roll!", "Mick Jagger and Keith Richards were school friends who lost touch, met up again at Dartford train station in 1960, and bonded over a shared love of rock'n'roll and Chicago blues. Within a couple of years, they were joined by guitarist Brian Jones and pianist Ian Stewart and became part of the rich rhythm and blues scene that gravitated around Alexis Korner and Cyril Davies in London. By January 1963, they had added drummer Charlie Watts and bassist Bill Wyman and were playing a repertoire of Chess Records favourites Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Muddy Waters - whose Rollin' Stone composition provided their name - and Howlin' Wolf - whose \"Little Red Rooster\" became their second UK number one in 1964. Jagger and Richards forged a creative partnership that endures to this day and has produced some of the most memorable songs in music history, including the much-covered Ruby Tuesday and Wild Horses.", "2003: Rolling Stones singer Mick Jagger was knighted by Prince Charles at Buckingham Palace. Jagger brought his 92-year-old father Joe to the ceremony.", "Throughout their career, Mick Jagger (vocals) and Keith Richards (guitar, vocals) remained at the core of the Rolling Stones. The pair initially met as children at Dartford Maypole County Primary School. They drifted apart over the next ten years, eventually making each other’s acquaintance again in 1960, when they met through a mutual friend, Dick Taylor, who was attending Sidcup Art School with Richards. At the time, Jagger was studying at the London School of Economics and playing with Taylor in the blues band Little Boy Blue and the Blue Boys. Shortly afterward, Richards joined the band. Within a year, they had met Brian Jones (guitar, vocals), a Cheltenham native who had dropped out of school to play saxophone and clarinet. By the time he became a fixture on the British blues scene, Jones had already had a wild life. He ran away to Scandinavia when he was 16; by that time, he had already fathered two illegitimate children. He returned to Cheltenham after a few months, where he began playing with the Ramrods. Shortly afterward, he moved to London, where he played in Alexis Korner’s group, Blues Inc. Jones quickly decided he wanted to form his own group and advertised for members; among those he recruited was the heavyset blues pianist Ian Stewart.", "Throughout their career, Mick Jagger (vocals) and Keith Richards (guitar, vocals) remained at the core of the Rolling Stones. The pair initially met as children at Dartford Maypole County Primary School. They drifted apart over the next ten years, eventually making each other's acquaintance again in 1960, when they met through a mutual friend, Dick Taylor, who was attending Sidcup Art School with Richards. At the time, Jagger was studying at the London School of Economics and playing with Taylor in the blues band Little Boy Blue & the Blue Boys. Shortly afterward, Richards joined the band. Within a year, they had met Brian Jones (guitar, vocals), a Cheltenham native who had dropped out of school to play saxophone and clarinet. By the time he became a fixture on the British blues scene, Jones had already had a wild life. He ran away to Scandinavia when he was 16 and had already fathered two illegitimate children. He returned to Cheltenham after a few months, where he began playing with the Ramrods. Shortly afterward, he moved to London, where he played in Alexis Korner's group, Blues Inc. Jones quickly decided he wanted to form his own group and advertised for members; among those he recruited was the heavyset blues pianist Ian Stewart.", "The snarling, strutting lead singer of the Rolling Stones spent his early life in conventional, middle-class style, working hard in school and participating enthusiastically in sports. In 1962, he went to the London School of Economics to study for a career in business. There he met up with art student and guitarist Keith Richards, whom he had known when the two were 5-year-olds attending school in Dartford, England. They discovered a mutual love of rhythm and blues and were quickly caught up in the musical revolution then sweeping England. After moving into a flat in Chelsea with guitarist Brian Jones, they began planning their own rock and roll band while Jagger prudently continued his business courses.", "1969 - Mick Jagger of The Rolling Stones, celebrated his 26th birthday with the release of the album, Beggar�s Banquet. It was the first time that Jagger�s guitar playing had been featured on any of the Stone�s records.", "Throughout their career, Mick Jagger (vocals) and Keith Richards (guitar, vocals) remained at the core of the Rolling Stones . The pair initially met as children at Dartford Maypole County Primary School. They drifted apart over the next ten years, eventually making each other's acquaintance again in 1960, when they met through a mutual friend, Dick Taylor , who was attending Sidcup Art School with Richards . At the time, Jagger was studying at the London School of Economics and playing with Taylor in the blues band Little Boy Blue & the Blue Boys. Shortly afterward, Richards joined the band. Within a year, they had met Brian Jones (guitar, vocals), a Cheltenham native who had dropped out of school to play saxophone and clarinet. By the time he became a fixture on the British blues scene, Jones had already had a wild life. He ran away to Scandinavia when he was 16 and had already fathered two illegitimate children. He returned to Cheltenham after a few months, where he began playing with the Ramrods . Shortly afterward, he moved to London, where he played in Alexis Korner 's group, Blues Inc . Jones quickly decided he wanted to form his own group and advertised for members; among those he recruited was the heavyset blues pianist Ian Stewart .", "In February, the Stones are in Paris recording Dirty Work at Pathe-Marconi Studio. Mick Jagger releases his first solo album, She's The Boss. In June he duets with David Bowie on the specially recorded version of \"Dancing In The Street\" for Live Aid. Mick also appears at the all-day event in Philadelphia, singing a saucy duet with Tina Turner in which he whips off her skirt. It's his first ever live solo set performed in front of 1.5 billion viewers. Later that day, Keith and Ronnie flank Bob Dylan for an acoustic set to close the show at JFK Stadium. Three months later, Keith and Ronnie repeat their acoustic act, backing Bono for a version of \"Silver And Gold,\" which appears on the Artists United Against Apartheid album.", "In 1971, Mick Jagger married Bianca Perez Morena de Macias in St. Tropez, France. Guests included other members of the Rolling Stones, plus Eric Clapton, Paul McCartney, Ringo Starr and Stephen Stills. They are now divorced.", "Ev’rywhere I hear the sound of marching, charging feet, boy ‘Cause summer’s here and the time is right for fighting in the street, boy But what can a poor boy do Except to sing for a rock ‘n’ roll band ‘Cause in sleepy London town There’s just no place for a street fighting man No First verse of ‘Street Fighting Man’ by The Rolling Stones, from the album Beggars Banquet, released on Decca Records in 1968. Mick Jagger wrote this song after going on the anti-Vietnam demonstration in Grosvenor Square. The song was banned by a number of UK radio stations.", "The person who said this song was about Mick Jagger and David Bowie's wife. It wasn't even written by Mick. Keith Richards wrote it about Anita Pallenberg. HE said meant \"Anita I Need Ya\".", " 2011 The Roaring 20s: Mick Jagger's Glory Years (Video documentary) (performer: \"Out of Sight\") / (writer: \"Out of Sight\")", "In the late 1960s, Jagger began acting in films (starting with Performance and Ned Kelly), to mixed reception. In 1985, he released his first solo album, She's the Boss. In early 2009, Jagger joined the electric supergroup SuperHeavy. In 1989 he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and in 2004 into the UK Music Hall of Fame with the Rolling Stones. In 2003, he was knighted for his services to popular music.", "While continuing to tour and release albums with the Rolling Stones, Jagger began a solo career. In 1985 he released his first solo album She's the Boss, produced by Nile Rodgers and Bill Laswell, and featuring Herbie Hancock, Jeff Beck, Jan Hammer, Pete Townshend and the Compass Point All Stars. It sold fairly well, and the single \"Just Another Night\" was a Top Ten hit. During this period, he collaborated with the Jacksons on the song \"State of Shock\", sharing lead vocals with Michael Jackson.", "After Jones's death and their move in 1971 to the south of France as tax exiles, Jagger and the rest of the band changed their look and style as the 1970s progressed. He also learned to play guitar and contributed guitar parts for certain songs on Sticky Fingers (1971) and all subsequent albums (with the exception of Dirty Work in 1986). For the Rolling Stones' highly publicised 1972 American tour, Jagger wore glam-rock clothing and glittery makeup on stage. Later in the decade they ventured into genres like disco and punk with the album Some Girls (1978). Their interest in the blues, however, had been made manifest in the 1972 album Exile on Main St. His emotional singing on the gospel-influenced \"Let It Loose\", one of the album's tracks, has been described by music critic Russell Hall as having been Jagger's finest-ever vocal achievement. ", "Why Mick Jagger still can't forgive Keith Richards for that (very personal) little insult in his biography | Daily Mail Online", "That loss of adventure brought a sense of boredom and restlessness. Dissension among the Stones became quite intense, and Jagger and Richards began to snipe openly at each other in the rock press. Both eventually turned to solo projects. Jagger released the LP She's the Boss in 1985 and Primitive Cool in 1987; the albums had disappointing sales and Anthony DeCurtis noted in Rolling Stone that the songs \"ranged from bad to ordinary.\"", "Wandering Spirit was the third solo album by Jagger and was released in 1993. It would be his only solo album release of the 1990s. Jagger aimed to re-introduce himself as a solo artist in a musical climate vastly changed from that of his first two albums, She's the Boss and Primitive Cool.", "Much has been made of Jagger's milestone birthdays since turning 40, none more so than his 60th birthday in 2003. This was spent on the road with the Rolling Stones during their Forty Licks tour. In Prague, the guests included Vaclav Havel, the dissident writer who eventually became the Czech president.", "Can you complete the title of the first song co-written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards of the Rolling Stones?", "In addition to his on-camera appearances, Jagger’s music has been featured in a long list of movie soundtracks, including Apocalypse Now (1979), Goodfellas (1990) and Jerry Maguire (1996). Jagger won a Golden Globe award for Best Original Song for “Old Habits Die Hard,” which was featured on the soundtrack of Alfie (2004)." ]

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[ "in 1988 - Rick Astley went to No.1 on the US singles chart with 'Together Forever', his second US No.1, a No.2 hit in the UK.", "Then: Rick Astley was the smooth-singing, British sensation who took both sides of the Atlantic by storm with 1980s hits like “Car Jam,” “Together Forever,” and “Never Gonna Give You Up,” the latter of which became the biggest selling single of 1987 and propelled the singer to his more than 40 million records sold worldwide over his career.", "Rick Astley was the smooth-singing, British sensation who took both sides of the Atlantic by storm with 1980s hits like \"Car Jam,\" \"Together Forever,\" and \"Never Gonna Give You Up,\" the latter of which became the biggest selling single of 1987 and propelled the singer to his more than 40 million records sold worldwide over his career.", "Neil Leslie Diamond (born January 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter and musician with a career that began in the 1960s. Diamond has sold over 100 million records worldwide, making him one of the world's best-selling artists of all time. He is the second most successful adult contemporary artist ever on the Billboard charts. His songs have been covered internationally by many performers from various musical genres.", "On February 11, 2012, after the sudden death of Whitney Houston , Dolly Parton stated, \"Mine is only one of the millions of hearts broken over the death of Whitney Houston. I will always be grateful and in awe of the wonderful performance she did on my song, and I can truly say from the bottom of my heart, \"Whitney, I will always love you. You will be missed.\" [44] In 2013, Parton joined Lulu Roman for a recording of \"I Will Always Love You\" for Roman's album, \"At Last\". [45] In 2013, Parton and Kenny Rogers reunited for the title song of his album You Can't Make Old Friends . For their performance, they were nominated at the 2014 Grammy Awards for Grammy Award for Best Country Duo/Group Performance . [46]", "The first number one song of the Hot 100 was \"Poor Little Fool\" by Ricky Nelson on August 4, 1958. As of the issue for the week ending December 17, 2011, the Hot 100 has had 1,009 different number-one hits. Its current number-one is \"We Found Love\" by Rihanna featuring Calvin Harris.", "In September 2014, she released Partners, a new album of duets that features collaborations with Elvis Presley, Andrea Bocelli, Stevie Wonder, Lionel Richie, Billy Joel, Babyface, Michael Bublé, Josh Groban, John Mayer, John Legend, Blake Shelton and Jason Gould. This album topped the Billboard 200 with sales of 196,000 copies in the first week, making Streisand the only recording artist to have a number-one album in each of the last six decades. It was also certified gold in November 2014 and platinum in January 2015, thus becoming Streisand's 52nd gold and 31st Platinum album, more than any other female artist in history. ", "\"Eternal Flame\" is a ballad and love song by American band the Bangles from their 1988 album Everything. It became a hit single, when released in 1989, peaking at number one in the charts in nine countries, including Australia, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States. It was written by the established songwriting partnership of Billy Steinberg and Tom Kelly (becoming the pair's fifth Billboard Hot 100 number one in five years) along with the Bangles' Susanna Hoffs. Having previously reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 in December 1986 with \"Walk Like an Egyptian\", the Bangles became only the third girl group to score multiple number-ones in the United States, after the Supremes (twelve) and the Shirelles (two).", "2012 release, the fourth album from the internationally successful singer/songwriter. Swift co-wrote the album with people ”from all different places in music”. Collaborators include Dan Wilson, Butch Walker, Max Martin, Lori McKenna, Ed Sheeran and Mark Foster of Foster The People. Rolling Stone has described the album as ”Swift’s most eclectic set ever, ranging from ‘State Of Grace’, a howling, U2-style epic with reverb-drenched guitars, to a sweet acoustic duet with U.K. singer Ed Sheeran. Another key track even features a Dubstep-inspired bass breakdown. The album’s lead single, ‘We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together’, became Swift’s first number one single on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart, recording the highest ever one-week sales figures for a female artist.", "Reba McEntire is the only artist to amass No. 1 singles in the past four decades.", "Marie Osmond (born Olive Marie Osmond; October 13, 1959) is an American singer, film screenwriter, actress, doll designer, and a member of the show business family the Osmonds. Although she was never part of her family's singing group, she gained success as a solo country music artist in the 1970s and 1980s. Her best known song is a cover of the country pop ballad \"Paper Roses\". From 1976 to 1979, she and her singer brother Donny Osmond hosted the television variety show Donny & Marie.", "This 1999 hit granted Carey more history: she became the first, and remains the only, artist to spend time at No. 1 in every year of a decade (1990-99). (She extended her run to 2000, via \"Thank God I Found You,\" featuring Joe and 98 Degrees.)", "Kiss ended the decade with the October 1989 release Hot in the Shade. Although the album failed to achieve platinum status, it spawned the hit ballad \"Forever\", co-written by Michael Bolton. Peaking at number 8 in the US, it was the group's highest-charting single since \"Beth\" and was the band's second Top 10 single.", "Produced by Gus Dudgeon and issued as Elton John and Kiki Dee, the million-selling \"Don't Go Breakin' My Heart\" went to number one pop for four weeks and number one adult contemporary in the fall of 1976. It earned the duo a Grammy nomination for Best Pop Vocal Performance By a Duo, Group or Chorus. The track also marked John's first appearance as an artist on his own MCA-distributed Rocket imprint John and Dee also dueted on such songs as \"Loving You Is Sweeter Than Ever,\" \"True Love,\" and \"Wrap Her Up.\" In 1994, John redid \"Don't Go Breakin' My Heart\" as a dance version duet with RuPaul.", "The partnership would prove fruitful. Bacharach and Sager, who married in 1982 (Sager gave birth to their only child, Christopher, in 1986) collaborated on hits for Sager (\"Stronger Than Before,\" 1981), Roberta Flack (\"Making Love,\" 1982), and Dionne Warwick and Jeffrey Osborne (\"Love Power,\" 1987). Also Dionne Warwick and Friends (\"That's What Friends Are For\" 1985), Patty Labelle and Michael McDonald (\"On My Own\" 1986) among others. As well as \"Arthur's Theme\" the last two mentioned were also No. 1 hits.", "Donny, and to a lesser extent, Marie and Jimmy, soon began to emerge as solo artists. Jimmy was becoming “big in Japan,” and in 1972 had a #1 hit in the United Kingdom with \"Long Haired Lover from Liverpool\". Marie, then 13 years old, hit #1 on the US country chart in 1973 with \"Paper Roses\" (a song originally recorded by Anita Bryant a decade prior). Donny had a string of pop hits with a string of covers of earlier teen-pop songs, including \"Go Away Little Girl\" (#1, originally by Steve Lawrence), \"Puppy Love\" (#3, a Paul Anka composition) and \"The Twelfth of Never\" (#8, originally recorded by Johnny Mathis). From 1971 to 1976, he had 12 Top 40 hits, including 5 in the Top 10; for most of these, the Osmonds were still performing as a full band, but backing and giving star billing to Donny for songs on which he sang lead.", "Goffin was born in Brooklyn in 1939. Twenty years later, he married King, whom he'd met while both were attending Queens College, when he was 20 and she was 17. Over the course of his career, he cowrote seven songs that reached Number One on the charts and dozens of Top 40 hits, among them the Monkees ' \"Pleasant Valley Sunday,\" the Everly Brothers ' \"Crying in the Rain,\" Bobby Vee's \"Take Good Care of My Baby\" and James Taylor 's \"You've Got a Friend.\" In 1990, Goffin was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame along with King.", "Curt Boettcher (aka Curt Boetcher and Curt Becher) (Curtis Roy Boettcher) - Died 6-14-1987 - Liver complications ( Rock - Pop ) Born 1-7-1944 in Eau Claire, WI, U.S. - Singer - Was a member of The Goldbriars, Summer's Children, Sagittarius (They did,\"From You Unto Us\" and \"My World Fell Down\") and The Millennium (They did, \"I Just Want To Be Your Friend\" and \"5.A.M.\") - (He produced The Association's, \"Along Comes Mary\" and \"Cherish\") - Worked with Ballroom, Your Gang and Friar Tuck - Was a co-founder of Together Records.", "The two would continue to collaborate on occasional projects through subsequent years, including a 2013 duet single \"You Can't Make Old Friends\".<br /><br /> Despite the success of \"Islands in the Stream,\" however, RCA insisted on releasing Eyes title track as the first UK single, and the song stalled at a disappointing No. 61 there, although it did stay in the top 100 for several weeks. (When it was eventually released in the United States, it was more successful, charting high on the Adult Contemporary chart and making the country top 30.) \"Islands in the Stream\" was issued as a follow-up single in Britain and sold well, making No. 7. The album itself reached No. 1 on the country charts on both sides of the Atlantic and enjoyed multi-million sales. \"Buried Treasure,\" \"This Woman\" and \"Evening Star\"/\"Midsummer Nights\" were also all successful singles from the album. Read Less", "By the early 1980s, Bacharach's marriage to Angie Dickinson had ended, but a new partnership with lyricist Carole Bayer Sager proved rewarding, both commercially and personally. The two married and collaborated on several major hits during the decade, including \"Arthur's Theme (Best That You Can Do)\" (Christopher Cross), co-written with Cross and Peter Allen; \"Heartlight\" (Neil Diamond); \"Making Love\" (Roberta Flack); \"On My Own\" (Patti LaBelle with Michael McDonald), and perhaps most memorably, \"That's What Friends Are For\" in 1985, actually the second single which reunited Bacharach and singer Warwick. The profits for the latter song were given to AIDS research. Bacharach's 1980s tunes showed a new sound.", "Jack White married British model Karen Elson , whom he had met on the set of the \"Blue Orchid\" music video, on June 4, 2005. The White Stripes released a cover version of Tegan and Sara 's song \" Walking with a Ghost \" on iTunes in November 2005. The song was later released in December as the Walking with a Ghost EP featuring four other live tracks.", "\"Get Together\" is best known for the 1967 version by The Youngbloods, but was first recorded in 1964 by The Kingston Trio (under the title \"Let's Get Together\"). Neither artist actually wrote the song - it was written by Chet Powers, best known for founding Psychedelic Rock group Quicksilver Messenger Service (under the Stage Name Dino Valenti).", "54.  “I Think We’re Alone Now”  (R. Cordell, B. Gentry) – Tommy James and The Shondells;  Roulette label,  # 4 Billboard Hot 100 - 1967.   Inducted in 2011.", "In 2013, Armstrong and singer-songwriter Norah Jones released the album Foreverly, consisting of covers of songs from The Everly Brothers' album Songs Our Daddy Taught Us. The first single from the album, \"Long Time Gone\", was released on October 23.", "21. At the age of fourteen, this singer moved to Nashville and quickly became the youngest songwriter ever hired by Sony Music. In 2008, she crossed over into pop music with her singles \"Love Story\" and \"You Belong With Me.\" Which musical icon declares that \"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together\"?", "\"Forever in Blue Jeans\" is a song by Neil Diamond which was co-written with his guitarist Richard Bennett. This up-tempo track, released as a single by Columbia in February 1979, was taken from the previous year's Neil Diamond album You Don't Bring Me Flowers.", "Wynette also designed and sold her own line of jewelry in the 1990s. In 1995, she and George Jones recorded their first new duet album in fifteen years titled, One, which spawned a single of the same name. The single was the duo's first music video together. They last performed together in 1997 at Lanierland Music Park.", "Billboard listed \"We Belong Together\" ninth on The Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Songs and was declared the most popular song of the 2000s decade by Billboard. Read Less", "The oddball pair will per- form No 1 hit I Know Him So Well from the musical Chess.", "songwriter, musician, singer: Alone Together, Hole in My Shoe, Just for You, Feelin� Alright, We Just Disagree, So High", "\"Truly Madly Deeply\" \"Summer Love\" \"Heart Attack\" \"Back For You\" \"Change My Mind\" \"Last First Kiss\" \"Blame It All On You\" \"I Can Love You More\" \"Kiss You\" \"Nobody Compares\" \"Still The One\" \"Magic\" \"Live While We're Young\"", " 2002 Unconditional Love (writer: \"(They Long to Be) Close to You\", \"Raindrops Keep Falling on My Head\")" ]

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[ "Jack Dempsey (auch The Manassa Mauler; * 24. Juni 1895 in Manassa, Colorado als William Harrison Dempsey; † 31. Mai 1983 in New York City) war ein US-amerikanischer Boxer und zwischen 1922 und 1926 unumstrittener Schwergewichts-Boxweltmeister.", "Jack Dempsey est un boxeur américain né le à Manassa dans le Colorado et mort le à New York.", "Jack Dempsey est un boxeur américain né le à Manassa dans le Colorado et mort le à New York.", "Jack Dempsey One of boxing’s best-known fighters, Jack Dempsey, seen here in 1927, did much to popularize the sport. Nicknamed the Manassa Mauler for his hometown in Colorado and his aggressive fighting style, Dempsey became heavyweight champion in 1919 and held the title until Gene Tunney defeated him in 1926. After losing a controversial rematch with Tunney in 1927, Dempsey retired from boxing.", "In every sport there emerges one person who stands out so prominently that he is referred to as “The Idol.” Such as a man was Jack Dempsey in boxing. While in there tossing punches, he was the one of the most spectacular heavyweights since John L Sullivan. Jack Dempsey was one of the toughest heavyweights in the world. He was born William Harrison Dempsey, in Manassa, Colorado, on 24th June 1895.", "* Jack Dempsey (born in Manassa) – professional boxer, nicknamed \"the Manassa Mauler\", regarded as boxing's World Heavyweight Champion from 1919 to 1926 Inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame (1990); author of two books relating to hand-to-hand combat", "Following their move from West Virginia, Dempsey’s father and his two older brothers worked as miners, and the family moved frequently around Colorado and Utah in pursuit of mining jobs. At the age of 8, Jack Dempsey took his first job picking crops on a farm near Steamboat Springs, Colarado. Over the next few years, he worked as a farm hand, miner and cowboy to help support his struggling family. As an adult, Dempsey often said that he loved three kinds of work—boxing, mining and cowboying—and would have been equally happy doing any of the three. During these years, Dempsey’s older brother, Bernie, earned extra money as a prizefighter in the saloons of hardscrabble Rocky Mountain towns. It was Bernie who taught young Jack how to fight, instructing him to chew pine tar gum to strengthen his jaw and soak his face in brine to toughen his skin.", "Born William Harrison Dempsey on June 24, 1895, in Manassa, Colorado, Jack Dempsey’s parents, Hyrum and Celia Dempsey, were originally from West Virginia, where his father had worked as a schoolteacher. Around 1880, a missionary group of Latter-Day Saints visited Dempsey’s parents and converted them to Mormonism. Soon after, they moved west to the tiny Mormon village of Manassa in southern Colorado, where Dempsey was born.", "William Harrison \"Jack\" Dempsey (June 24, 1895 – May 31, 1983), known as the The Manassa Mauler, was an American professional boxer. He was a cultural icon of the 1920s. He held the World Heavyweight Championship from 1919 to 1926. Dempsey's aggressive style and exceptional punching power made him one of the most popular boxers in history.", "It may not be that well-known, but Colorado has a rich history in boxing. Some great pugilists have come through the Centennial State, but none had more of an impact on the Sweet Science than Jack Dempsey.", "Jack \"Manassa Mauler\" Dempsey (June 24, 1895 – May 31, 1983) was an American boxer who held the world heavyweight title from 1919 to 1926. Dempsey's aggressive style and his punching power made him one of the most popular boxers in history. Many of his fights set financial and attendance records. He is listed #7 on Ring Magazine's list of 100 greatest punchers of all time.", "Jack Dempsey (1895 - 1983) Boxer, world heavyweight champion from 1919-26; born in Manassa.Heavyweight Champion of the World from 1919 to 1926, Jack Dempsey, also known as the Manassa Mauler, began his boxing career as a skinny boy of sixteen, riding the rails and participating in hastily staged saloon bouts against miners and lumberjacks. In this incisive, fast-paced biography, Randy Roberts charts the life and career of a man widely regarded as one of the toughest ever to enter the ring. He details Dempsey's transition from barroom fights to professional boxing and his emerging reputation for fast, brutal knockouts. Roberts draws on a wealth of newspaper articles and interviews to chronicle Dempsey's rise to the heavyweight championship and his six title defenses. Also included are accounts of the eventual loss of his title to Gene Tunney in 1926, and the rematch in 1927, which Dempsey also lost in the infamous \"long count.\" After continuing to fight in exhibitions, Dempsey retired from boxing in 1940 with an astonishing 64 victories, 49 of them knockouts. � Jack Dempsey Books", "The 1919-1926 Heavyweight world champion , Jack Dempsey, fought in professional boxing in 1914-1940. He first got his title from Jess Willard in Toledo, OH (July 4, 1919). He then lost the title in September 1926 after defeated by Gene Tuney in Chicago, IL.", "Jack Dempsey - Also known as \"Kid Blackie\" and \"The Manassa Mauler\", was an American professional boxer who became a cultural icon of the 1920s. Dempsey held the World Heavyweight Championship from 1919 to 1926, and his aggressive style and exceptional punching power made him one of the most popular boxers in history.", "July 15: Boxer Jack Dempsey defeats wrestler Bull Curry in 1: 05 of the second round of a match in Detroit.", "The great boxing icon Jack Dempsey who held the World Heavyweight Championship title from 1919 to 1926 was a boxer famous for his aggression, powerful punches, and amazing speed. Counted amongst the Top 100 Greatest Punchers for all time, Dempsey is one of the most popular boxers ever in history. This boxing champion was born as William Harrison Dempsey and discovered his talent for fighting as a youngster. During his initial years he used to box under the pseudonym âKid Blackieâ before adopting the name âJack Dempseyâ as a tribute to his idol, the 19th century boxing champion Jack âNonpareliâ Dempsey. He started boxing as a means to earn money as a teenager. Confident of his powerful build and strength, he challenged people to fight him at saloons. He won most of these fights and decided to train as a boxer. Soon he gained the reputation for being a powerful puncher who could knock out his opponents within seconds. His moment of crowing glory occurred when he beat the boxing giant Jess Willard to win the heavyweight titleâthis victory earned him the epithet âManassa Maulerâ, a name which inspired fear in the minds of his opponents for years to come. He was inducted into the Boxing hall of Fame in 1951.", "A 5'8\" middleweight born in Ireland but fighting out of the U.S., \"Nonpareil\" Dempsey was perhaps the greatest boxer of the 19th century.", "* Jack Dempsey, the American boxer, dies at the age of 87. Dempsey was the world heavyweight boxing champion from 1919 to 1926. Four of his bouts are featured on the CED title \"The Big Fights, Volume 2.\"", "Jack Dempsey was known as “The Manasa Mauler” and was celebrated for his offensive style and powerful blows. Of his 65 recorded wins in the ring, 51 were by knockout. Dempsey was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 1990. His fights drew in large crowds, often setting attendance records. Additionally, The Associated Press named Dempsey as being the best boxer to fight during the span of 1900 to 1950.", "After the United States entered World War I in 1917, Dempsey worked in a shipyard and continued to box. Afterward, he was accused by some boxing fans of being a slacker for not enlisting. This remained a black mark on his reputation until 1920, when evidence produced showed he had attempted to enlist in the U.S. Army, but had been classified 4-F. After the war, Dempsey spent two years in Salt Lake City, \"bumming around\" as he called it, before returning to the ring. ", "In September 1926, Dempsey fought Irish-American former U.S. Marine Gene Tunney in Philadelphia . [12] Tunney was an excellent boxer who had lost only once in his career. Nevertheless, Tunney was still considered the underdog.", "On March 4, 1928, Jack Dempsey, the most successful athlete of the \"Golden Age of Sports,\" announced his retirement from professional prizefighting. However, after losing $3 million in the 1929 stock market crash and divorcing Estelle Taylor in 1930, Dempsey needed some money. In 1931, he started a barnstorming tour of the United States and Canada. From August 1931 to September 1932, he boxed over 100 exhibitions. The crowds were big and the money was good. On February 18, 1931, Dempsey, who was considering a comeback, tested himself in an exhibition with heavyweight contender King Levinsky before a crowd of 23,322 people at Chicago Stadium. Levinsky clearly got the better of the action and Dempsey abandoned his plans for a comeback.", "In 1926 a worldâs championship boxing contest took place in Philadelphia as part of the entertainment of the Sesquicentennial Exposition. The attendance was estimated at one hundred and twenty-five thousand, not including the millions who listened to the thud of the boxing gloves over the radio. The public paid $1,895,000 for admission, of which Jack Dempsey, who was that day uncrowned as king of the pugilistic world, drew $700,000. Thus was celebrated the hundred and fiftieth year of American independence! Other heavyweight contests were almost as plutocratic. Spectators paid $1,626,000 to see Jack Dempsey defeat the gallant French challenger Georges Carpentier in 1921. Two years later he defeated the Argentine giant Firpo before a crowd which had paid more than a million to see him do it. But the record athletic event was Dempseyâs return match against Gene Tunney, the new world champion, in 1927, a contest with gate receipts of more than $2,650,000. So rapid was the development of pugilism from a sport into an industry, that nineteen fights between 1918 and the end of 1924 yielded more than $100,000 each, as compared with only four such costly contests for all previous history.", "Heavyweight Champion Jack Dempsey The “Manassa Mauler” and his history at Kingsborough – The Kingsborough Blog", "* Heavyweight champion boxer Jack Dempsey. The Jack Dempsey Museum is located on the town's main street. ", "In the 1920s, prizefighting was the pre-eminent sport in the United States, and no figure loomed larger than Jack Dempsey, who became world heavyweight champion after brutally defeating Jess Willard. Dempsey was one of the hardest punchers of all time and as Bert Randolph Sugar put it, \"had a left hook from hell.\" He is remembered for his iconic fight with Luis Ángel Firpo, which was followed by a lavish life of celebrity away from the ring. The enormously popular Dempsey would conclude his career with a memorable two bouts with Gene Tunney, breaking the $1 million gate threshold for the first time. Although Tunney dominated both fights, Dempsey retained the public's sympathy, especially after the controversy of a \"long count\" in their second fight. This fight introduced the new rule that the counting of a downed opponent would not begin until the standing opponent went into a neutral corner. At this time, rules were negotiated by parties, as there were no sanctioning bodies.", "OCCUPATIONS: Digging ditches, picking peaches, cutting timber and being a circus roustabout were among his jobs early in his career while traveling from town to town. Professional boxer, and after After retirement, he worked occasionally as a referee and was owner of Jack Dempsey�s Broadway Restaurant from 1935 until 1974 on the site the old car barn across from Madison Square Garden. Dempsey was also a commander in the U.S. Coast Guard.", "Jack Dempsey died in 1983 of heart failure, at age 87. He will always be known as one of the greatest boxers of all time, leaving a record of 66 wins, 6 losses, and 11 draws during his entire career. The Ring Magazine , the main publication in the boxing world, lists Dempsey as #10 in its list of all time heavyweights  and #7 among its Top 100 Greatest Punchers. In 1950, the Associated Press voted Dempsey as the greatest fighter of the past 50 years. Dempsey was inducted into the Boxing Hall of Fame in 1951 and the International Boxing Hall of Fame .", "In tribute to his legacy and boxing career, a PBS documentary summarized: \"Jack Dempsey's boxing style consisted of constantly bobbing and weaving. His attacks were furious and sustained. Behind it all was rage. His aggressive behavior prompted a rule that boxers had to retreat to a neutral corner and give opponents who had been knocked down a chance to get up.\" According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, constant attack was his strategic defense.", "A year prior Gene Tunney had shocked sport's fans by handling Jack Dempsey and capturing his heavyweight crown. Known as \"The Manasa Mauler,\" Dempsey was behind only Babe Ruth as the biggest sports star of the 1920s. He was an explosive, relentless whirlwind of violence with a brutal lead hook and a stunning overhand right.", "Dempsey's ring image was built on the fact that he was a ferocious puncher who usually rushed his opponents early, bludgeoning them into submission. Especially in contrast to the ''machinelike,'' ''scientific'' Tunney, reporters painted Dempsey as a ''mauler,'' a ''vicious beast,'' a dark (he usually wore a several-day-old beard) ''savage'' in the ring. Only when he lost his title and his rematch with Tunney (the latter, Kahn thinks, because of a ''crooked referee'' bought by the Tunney backers and gangsters Max Hoff and Abe Attell) did Dempsey receive the public adulation that followed him until his death in 1983. Forty-five years after the second Tunney fight, he told Kahn, ''I want you to get to the people that losing was the making of me.''", "From 1914-1927, William Harrison Dempsey was the king of the heavyweight circle. Over his career he was 61-6-8 (50 KOs) and six no-decisions. He held the World Heavyweight Title from 1919 to 1926." ]

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[ "On May 7, 1915, the British passenger liner RMS Lusitania was torpedoed and sunk by a German submarine off the coast of Ireland, killing 1,198 passengers and crew and sparking outrage on both sides of the Atlantic.", "On May 2nd 1915 the British passenger liner Lusitania was sunk by a torpedo from a German submarine . 1195 passengers, including 128 Americans, lost their lives. Americans were outraged and put pressure on the government to enter the war.", "On the afternoon of May 7, 1915, the British ocean liner Lusitania is torpedoed without warning by a German submarine off the south coast of Ireland. Within 20 minutes, the vessel sank into the Celtic Sea. Of 1,959 passengers and crew, 1,198 people were drowned, including 128 Americans. The attack aroused considerable indignation in the United States, but Germany defended the action, noting that it had issued warnings of its intent to attack all ships, neutral or otherwise, that entered the war zone around Britain.", "On 19 August 1915, the German submarine U-27 was sunk by the British Q-ship HMS Baralong. All German survivors were summarily executed by Baralongs crew on the orders of Lieutenant Godfrey Herbert, the captain of the ship. The shooting was reported to the media by American citizens who were on board the Nicosia, a British freighter loaded with war supplies, which was stopped by U-27 just minutes before the incident. ", "Often overshadowed by the tragic foundering of the Titanic only four years later, the technologically advanced, sumptuously outfitted RMS Lusitania met a fate that was just as harrowing: While en route to Liverpool from New York on May 7, 1915, the super-luxe Cunard liner was torpedoed by the German submarine U-20 11 miles off the Old Head of Kinsale, County Cork. Following the attack, the 787-foot vessel plunged 300 feet to the bottom of the Irish Sea within 18 minutes. The ship was carrying both civilians and a massive amount of contraband munitions in its cargo — a controversial factor that birthed an international blame game and a fair amount of conspiracy theories. The attack gave the stunned 1,959 passengers and crew little time to evacuate and escape in lifeboats (yes, there were enough). In comparison, the Titanic sank in a little less than three hours.", "circa 1910: British liner the 'Lusitania', which was sunk off Kinsale on the Irish coast by a German U-boat in 1915. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images)", "The Lusitania was an ocean liner of the British Cunard Steamship Line that was torpedoed by a German U-boat on May 7, 1915, within sight of the southern coast of Ireland. The sinking of a passenger ship and the loss of 1,195 lives was instrumental in causing the United States to enter World War I and to declare war on Germany and its allies. For over ninety years, the question has been argued whether Winston Churchill, as Lord of the British Admiralty, manipulated events to arrange for the liner’s sinking in order to create an incident that would convince the United States to participate in the conflict against Germany.", "On May 1, 1915, the British cargo and passenger ship Lusitania sets out for England on its last voyage from New York City. The British ocean liner was sunk off Ireland on May 7, 1915 by a German U-Boat, killing 1,150 people, 114 of them Americans.", "1915 - On its return trip from New York to Liverpool, England, the British ocean liner, Lusitania, was torpedoed by a German U-boat off the coast of Ireland. The Lusitania was carrying a cargo of ammunition from the U.S. to Great Britain. This was Germany�s reason for the attack even though the ship was carrying over 2,000 civilian men, women and children. 1,198 lives were lost.", "Pictured: The British liner 'Lusitania' in 1910, which was sunk off Kinsale on the Irish coast by a German U-boat in 1915.", "(italics) a British luxury liner sunk by a German submarine in the North Atlantic on May 7, 1915: one of the events leading to U.S. entry into World War I.", "May 1915: A graveside service for the victims of the Lusitania disaster, the British passenger liner which was sunk off the coast of Kinsale by a German U-boat in 1915. (Photo by Topical Press Agency/Getty Images)", "U Boat 139 which sank the Lusitania shown in an undated photo. Location unknown. The British liner was sank on May 7, 1915, by a German submarine off the southern coast of Ireland. About 1,150 men, women and children, perished, 114 of which were Americans. Among those Americans who perished were Charles Frohman, theatric manager; Alfred G. Vanderbilt and Elbert Hubbard, author. Sinking aroused great indignation in U.S. (AP Photo)", "The ship was requisitioned by the British government on September 1, 1915 as a vessel used to transport troops. Perhaps her most famous military exploit was when she struck and sank a german submarine by the name of U103. The Olympic then returned to work as a shuttle ship and her bad luck would return. Even with the newly earned nickname “Old Reliable”, the Olympic would meet tragedy yet again after colliding with the Nantucket lightship, claiming the lives of 7 individuals.", "German submarine U-30 torpedoed British passenger liner Athenia in the Atlantic Ocean. ww2dbase [ Main Article | CPC]", "At 1.20pm on 7th May 1915, the U-20, only ten miles from the coast of Ireland , surfaced to recharge her batteries. Soon afterwards Captain Schwieger, the commander of the German U-Boat , observed the Lusitania in the distance. Schwieger gave the order to advance on the liner. The U20 had been at sea for seven days and had already sunk two liners and only had two torpedoes left. He fired the first one from a distance of 700 metres. Watching through his periscope it soon became clear that the Lusitania was going down and so he decided against using his second torpedo.", "liner under British registration, sunk off the Irish coast by a German submarine on May 7, 1915. In the sinking, 1,198 persons lost their lives, 128 of whom were U.S. citizens.", "7 May 1915 - German U-boat torpedos the Cunard line steamer Lusitania, bound from New York to England, with a loss of 1,198 lives.", "The RMS Lusitania a ocean liner operated by Cunard Line. It operated on the popular Liverpool to New York, trans-Atlantic route. It was torpedoed by German U-boat U-20 on Friday 7 May 1915 and sunk 18 minutes later. Many of the survivors and bodies of the deceased were rescued or recovered by local fishermen from Cobh (then known as Queenstown). Many of those who perished are buried Old Church Cemetery in Cobh.", "Following Olympic's return to Britain, the White Star Line intended to lay her up in Belfast until the war was over, but in May 1915 she was requisitioned by the Admiralty, to be used as a troop transport, along with the Cunard liners Mauritania and Aquitania . The Admiralty had initially been reluctant to use large ocean liners as troop transports because of their vulnerability to enemy attack, however a shortage of ships gave them little choice. At the same time, Olympic's other sister ship Britannic , which had not yet been completed, was requisitioned as a hospital ship. In that role she would strike a mine and sink the following year. [52]", "* On 7 May 1915 the RMS Lusitania was torpedoed en route to Queenstown, Ireland, at the loss of 1,198 passengers.", "RMS Lusitania: On May 1, 1915, this ship sunk due to a German U-boat firing a torpedo at it. I was sailing from New York to Liverpool. It held thousands of people.", "The RMS Lusitania sailed from New York on 1 May 1915 on her last voyage; the liner was sunk off southern Ireland on 7 May", "*On 28 June 1915 the , a vessel built for the Leyland Line but leased to the White Star Line, was sunk by a torpedo fired by 20 miles off the coast of Cornwall, carrying a cargo of 1,400 mules. 29 crew and all the mules were lost.", "*On 3 May 1915 the former (then in service as a Turkish troop transport) was torpedoed by the British submarine . The ship survived the attack with no fatalities.", "On May 1, 1915, the ship departed New York City bound for Liverpool. Unknown to her passengers but probably no secret to the Germans, almost all her hidden cargo consisted of munitions and contraband destined for the British war effort. As the fastest ship afloat, the luxurious liner felt secure in the belief she could easily outdistance any submarine. Nonetheless, the menace of submarine attack reduced her passenger list to only half her capacity.", "    As the war was reaching a fever pace, an incident occurred that would forever put the OLYMPIC in the record books. On May 12th, 1918, in the early morning, a U-boat was spotted. The ship was fully loaded with troops, and a torpedo hit would be disastrous. The U-boat, later identified as U-103, began to make for the liner, but the gun crews on deck began to fire at it. On the bridge, Captain Bertram Hayes grabbed the wheel and turned the OLYMPIC directly at the sub, it’s crew trying to crash dive to avoid the liner. The great ship’s bow sliced into the U-boat just aft of the conning tower, and as she passed over, her port propeller sliced into the pressure hull of the sub. The crew of the U-boat had no choice but to abandon ship, scuttling the sub in the process. The OLYMPIC did not stop to pick up survivors, leaving that to a US destroyer, the USS DAVIS. The White Star liner is the only passenger ship to ever sink an enemy warship during hostilities. After the war, a medal commemorating this would be placed in her first class grand staircase.", "Off the west coast of Ireland, the Canadian Pacific liner Empress of Britain, requisitioned as a troopship, was attacked by a Focke Wulf Kondor and set on fire. Most of those on board were saved. The liner was taken under tow, but sank on 28 October following a U-boat torpedo attack.", "Passenger liner of 14,118 tons (Capt. H. Croft) built in 1920 at the Cammel Laird shipyard at Birkenhead for the Pacific Steam Navigation Company. In 1921 she was chartered to the Royal Mail for the Hamburg-Southampton-New York service. In 1931 she carried the Prince of Wales and Prince George to South America. In September, 1939, the ship was taken over and converted to a troopship and on January 16, 1941 while en route from Mombasa, East Africa, to the UK, was sunk by three torpedoes from the U-96 (Kptlt. Heinrich Lehmann-Willenbrock) about 100 miles off County Donegal, Ireland. Of the 249 crew and passengers on board, 113 were killed. The same day, another U-boat, the U-106, sank the cargo-liner Zealandic (10,578 tons) of the Shaw Savill & Albion Co. All 73 crew and passengers were lost. The U-96 was sunk by US bombers on March 30, 1945 at Wilhelmshaven. The U-106 was sunk by depth-charges dropped from a Sunderland aircraft on August 2,1943, there were 36 survivors but 22 of the crew were killed.", "By 1915 Germany was feeling the effects of the Allied blockade. Since Germany lacked the conventional naval power necessary to challenge the British fleet, they turned to the submarine as their chosen sea-weapon. Germany relied on submarines to sink Allied ships carrying food and necessary supplies to Britain and France. Their goal was to interrupt Allied trade by targeting merchant ships. In February 1915 Germany proclaimed that the waters around the islands of Britain would be considered a war zone. Every Allied merchant ship in the zone was subject to being torpedoed without warning, and neutral ships operated at their own risk. Germany then began sinking ships without regard to the safety of crew or passengers. They also ignored the protests of neutral countries, which claimed that unrestricted submarine warfare violated international law.", "2 Which ship was torpedoed and sunk by U-20 off the coast of Ireland on 7th May 1915?", "*In 1915 the was narrowly missed by a German torpedo in the Mediterranean Sea. No lives were lost." ]

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[ "Following roles in the TV films \"Too Far to Go\" and an adaptation of \"The Elephant Man,\" and a Tony Award nomination for the musical, \"Barnum,\" Glenn Close received an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actress for her first feature, \"The World According to Garp,\" as feminist author and activist Jenny Fields.", "Cher gained more respect for her film work as the widowed bookkeeper in \"Moonstruck\". Glenn Close played \"the other woman\" who won't be ignored in \"Fatal Attraction\". Holly Hunter was the year's breakthrough star with a leading role in \"Broadcast News\". Sally Kirland portrayed a famed actress, who was denied reentry to her native country after the 1968 communist invasion, in \"Anna\". And Meryl Streep played a former opera singer who's homeless and dying in the streets of Alabama in \"Ironweed\".", "Ironically, it took a villainess role, that of the “Other Woman,” in the suspenseful blockbuster Fatal Attraction, to put Close at the forefront of leading ladies, for which she was rewarded with a fourth (and first Best Actress) nomination. “I wanted to break out of the kinds of roles I used to do, because I was boring myself,” Close said about her typecasting as an earth mother. Close’s new, more sexual look convinced producers of her versatile talent and wider range.", "The same year that saw Robin Williams’ career best performance in Good Morning, Vietnam lose to Michael Douglas’ career best performance for Wall Street, saw Glenn Close miss out to another – you guessed it – career best performance, this time from Cher. To make the link between these films even more acute, Close starred opposite Douglas in Fatal Attraction for which she was nominated for Best Actress. Her measured psychological destruction following the breakdown of her affair with a married man is the key ingredient behind one of cinema’s greatest female villains. Perhaps this was another example of the Academy favouring more straight forward drama over much darker thrills.", "In 2005, Close joined the FX crime series The Shield, in which she played a no-nonsense precinct captain, this became her first TV role in a series. Close stated that she made the right move because television was in a \"golden era\" and the quality of some programs had already risen to the standards of film. She starred in a series of her own for 2007, Damages (also on FX) instead of continuing her character on The Shield. Close was met with rave reviews for her character Patty Hewes, and went on to win the 2008 Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama series. Close also won the Emmy Award for the same role the following year, as well as a Golden Globe award. In an interview after her win, Close stated that her role of Patty Hewes in the series was the role of her life. Close also kept in contact with her co-star Rose Byrne, and the two have become great friends. After the series ended, Close stated that she would not return to television in a regular role. As of 2016, Close holds the record for the most nominations for an Oscar by an Emmy Winner. ", "Glenn Close (born March 19, 1947) is an American actress. Throughout her long and varied career, she has been consistently acclaimed for her versatility and is widely regarded as one of the finest actresses of her generation. She has won three Emmy Awards, three Tony Awards and received six Academy Award nominations.", "MERYL STREEP in \"The Iron Lady,\" Glenn Close in \"Albert Nobbs,\" Viola Davis in \"The Help,\" Rooney Mara in \"The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo,\" Michelle Williams in \"My Week With Marilyn\"", "In the film, Close played the title role of Albert Nobbs, a woman living her life as a man in 1800s Ireland after being sexually assaulted as a young girl. For the film, she sat through hours of makeup to transform herself into a man. While the film itself received mixed reviews, Close and Janet McTeer received rave reviews for their performances. Close's performance was noted for being her most subtle and introverted performance yet and a departure from her other roles. She received Academy Award, Golden Globe, Screen Actors Guild, and multiple critics nominations for her performance in Albert Nobbs.", "CHER in \"Moonstruck\", Glenn Close in \"Fatal Attraction\", Holly Hunter in \"Broadcast News\", Sally Kirkland in \"Anna\", Meryl Streep in \"Ironweed\"", "Paradise Road is a 1997 film which tells the story of a group of women who are imprisoned in Sumatra during World War II. It is directed by Bruce Beresford and stars Glenn Close as beatific Adrienne Pargiter, Frances McDormand as the brash Dr. Verstak, Pauline Collins as missionary Margaret Drummond, Julianna Margulies as American socialite Topsy Merritt, Jennifer Ehle as British doyenne and model Rosemary Leighton Jones, Cate Blanchett as Australian nurse Susan McCarthy and Elizabeth Spriggs as dowager Imogene Roberts.", "\"Fatal Attraction\" was nominated for 6 Academy Awards including Best Picture and Best Actress (Glenn Close).", "Glenn Close at the Minskoff theater in New York in the role of Norma Desmond. Photograph: Pool/AFP/Getty Images", "She won an Oscar for playing Erin Brockovich in Erin Brockovich (2000), making her one of 17 actors to win the Award for playing a real person who was still alive at the evening of the Award ceremony (as of 2015). The other sixteen actors and their respective performances are: Spencer Tracy for playing Father Edward Flanagan in Boys Town (1938), Gary Cooper for playing Alvin C. York in Sergeant York (1941), Patty Duke for playing Helen Keller in The Miracle Worker (1962), Jason Robards for playing Ben Bradlee in All the President's Men (1976), Robert De Niro for playing Jake La Motta in Raging Bull (1980), Sissy Spacek for playing Loretta Lynn in Coal Miner's Daughter (1980)_, Jeremy Irons for playing Claus Von Bullow in Reversal of Fortune (1990), Susan Sarandon for playing Sister Helen Prejean in Dead Man Walking (1995), Geoffrey Rush for playing David Helfgott in Shine (1996), Jim Broadbent for playing John Bayley in Iris (2001), Helen Mirren for playing Queen Elizabeth II in The Queen (2006), Sandra Bullock for playing Leigh Anne Tuohy in The Blind Side (2009), Melissa Leo for playing Alice Eklund-Ward in The Fighter (2010), Christian Bale for playing Dickie Eklund in The Fighter (2010), Meryl Streep for playing Margaret Thatcher in The Iron Lady (2011) and Eddie Redmayne for playing Stephen Hawking in The Theory of Everything (2014).", "The Best Actress category included two legendary veterans (one without any wins from six nominations, and the other with her 17th nomination), and only one first-time nominee. Two actresses in the category, Glenn Close and Meryl Streep have competed against each other in the Best Actress category twice before (in 1987 and 1988), and on the two previous occasions both lost (to Moonstruck (1987) and Cher, and to The Accused (1988) and Jodi Foster).", "Glenn Close was a Best Actress nominee for Albert Nobbs (2011) as the title character Albert Nobbs, a hotel waiter trapped after masquerading as a man in late 19th century and early 20th century Ireland", "In 1984, Close starred in the critically acclaimed drama Something About Amelia, a Golden Globe-winning television movie about a family destroyed by sexual abuse. In 1987 she played the disturbed book editor Alex in Fatal Attraction, this role later propelled Close into stardom. The movie became the highest-grossing film worldwide in that year and has been considered one of Close's most iconic roles. During the re-shoot of the ending, Close suffered a concussion from one of the takes when her head smashed against a mirror. After being rushed to the hospital, she discovered, much to her horror, that she was actually a few weeks pregnant with her daughter. To this day, Close said watching the ending makes her uncomfortable because of how much she unknowingly put her unborn daughter at risk from the physically demanding shoot. In 1988 she played the scheming aristocrat The Marquise de Merteuil in Dangerous Liaisons. Close was nominated for her first BAFTA for that role but did not win. She later went on to play the role of Sunny von Bülow in the 1990 film Reversal of Fortune to critical acclaim. In 1995, Close guest starred on Inside the Actors Studio. James Lipton described her as an actor who \"can find an outstanding number of layers in a role or a single moment; she is a supple actor who performs subtle feats.\" Close has also hosted Saturday Night Live twice, once in 1989 and once in 1992. ", "Director Wolfgang Petersen (\"Das Boot\") shifts the scenes back and forth from the action in the air to the maneuvering in the White House, with the vice president, played by Glenn Close , presiding over the Cabinet. Close walks it just right, portraying a politician completely out of her depth who yet might be capable enough to make the right decisions, one at a time.", "While it’s a little jarring how little Streep’s character visibly ages, given the decades of time the movie spans, she gives an utterly elegant portrayal of this confounding character. The film’s highlight comes around the halfway mark, when Clara has a vision of her longtime confidant Ferula (Glenn Close). The realization that this means her friend has died washes over Clara and, in a moment of triumphant acting, a single tear falls from each of Streep’s eyes. In that instant, you must simply sit back and marvel at her skills.", "Close was nominated for a second Best Supporting Actress Oscar for \"The Big Chill,\" playing the married Sarah, who harbors the secret of a long-ago affair with Alex.", "Michael Douglas, Glenn Close, Anne Archer, Ellen Hamilton Latzen, Stuart Pankin, Ellen Foley, Fred Gwynne, Meg Mundy, Tom Brennan, Lois Smith.", "Six-time nominee Glenn Close has three Emmy Awards and three Tony Awards, but no Oscars. Along with Deborah Kerr and Thelma Ritter, Close holds the record of actress with the most nominations without winning:", "Maggie Gyllenhaal received her first Oscar nomination as a supporting actress in \"Crazy Heart.\" Her co-star Jeff Bridges was also nominated for best actor.", "Glenn Close: The Academy Award winning actress donated $2,700 to Clinton’s campaign and attended a fundraiser for her last month.", "Is one of 26 actresses to have won an Academy Award for their performance in a comedy; hers being for Prizzi's Honor (1985). The others, in chronological order, are: Claudette Colbert ( It Happened One Night (1934)), Loretta Young ( The Farmer's Daughter (1947)), Josephine Hull ( Harvey (1950)), Judy Holliday ( Born Yesterday (1950)), Audrey Hepburn ( Roman Holiday (1953)), Goldie Hawn ( Cactus Flower (1969)), Glenda Jackson ( A Touch of Class (1973)), Lee Grant ( Shampoo (1975)), Diane Keaton ( Annie Hall (1977)), Maggie Smith ( California Suite (1978)), Mary Steenburgen ( Melvin and Howard (1980)), Jessica Lange ( Tootsie (1982)), Olympia Dukakis ( Moonstruck (1987)), Cher ( Moonstruck (1987)), Jessica Tandy ( Driving Miss Daisy (1989)), Mercedes Ruehl ( The Fisher King (1991)), Dianne Wiest ( Bullets Over Broadway (1994)), Mira Sorvino ( Mighty Aphrodite (1995)), Frances McDormand ( Fargo (1996)), Helen Hunt ( As Good as It Gets (1997)), Judi Dench ( Shakespeare in Love (1998)), Gwyneth Paltrow ( Shakespeare in Love (1998)), Penelope Cruz ( Vicky Cristina Barcelona (2008)), and Jennifer Lawrence ( Silver Linings Playbook (2012)).", "Glenn Close who play the central heroine of the film was quoted in 2008 as saying,", "The Business of Strangers (2001) is an outstanding showcase for veteran actress Stockard Channing and newcomer Julia Stiles. It's an emotional drama about two businesswomen who compete in very different ways against men. Channing is the cold, competitive executive who sacrifices her personal life to succeed in a man's world, yet never feels secure in her position. Stiles is the rebellious youngster with tattoos, an attitude, and a questionable past. When they collide on a business trip, sparks flyand woe to the man who gets caught in the middle. The plot is a hybrid of The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit (1956) and Extremities (1986).", "Jane Fonda was nominated as Best Actress for her role as alcoholic heroine-victim Alex Sternbergen who woke up next to a dead man, in The Morning After (1986)", "Woody Allen won his third Oscar for his screenplay of \"Hannah and Her Sisters\" (1986), about three sisters (Mia Farrow, Barbara Hershey and Dianne Wiest) whose romantic entanglements blur the lines of propriety. Also featured were Michael Caine, Max Von Sydow, Carrie Fisher, Lloyd Nolan, Maureen O'Sullivan (Farrow's real-life mother), and Allen as a hypochondriac who considers changing his faith.", "[Mira Sorvino was the third actress to win an Oscar for a performance in a Woody Allen film - following previous winners Diane Keaton for", "Fonda filmed her second movie in French when she had a leading role in the 2011 drama All Together. The same year she starred alongside Catherine Keener in Peace, Love and Misunderstanding, playing a hippy grandmother. In 2012, Fonda began a recurring role as Leona Lansing, CEO of a major media company, in HBO's original political drama The Newsroom. Her role continued throughout the show's three seasons, and Fonda received two Emmy nominations for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series.", "Hannah played the daughter of Jack Lemmon's character in both of the Grumpy Old Men comedies. In 1995, Hannah was chosen by Empire magazine as #96 of the \"100 Sexiest Stars in Film History.\" That year she appeared as homicidal sociopath Leann Netherwood in The Tie That Binds. She also starred in the 1998 direct-to-video film Addams Family Reunion playing Morticia Addams.", "Nominated � Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role" ]

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[ "The Godfather is a crime novel written by American author Mario Puzo, originally published in 1969 by G. P. Putnam's Sons. It details the story of a fictitious Sicilian Mafia family based in New York City (and Long Beach, NY) and headed by Don Vito Corleone, who became synonymous with the Italian Mafia. The novel covers the years 1945 to 1955, and also provides the backstory of Vito Corleone from early childhood to adulthood.", "The Godfather is a famous crime novel written by Italian American author Mario Puzo, originally published in 1969 by G. P. Putnam's Sons. It details the story of a fictional Mafia family based in New York City (and Long Beach, New York), headed by Don Vito Corleone, who became synonymous with the Italian Mafia. The novel covers the years 1945 to 1955, and also provides the back story of Vito Corleone from early childhood to adulthood.", "The Godfather is a crime novel written by Mario Puzo , originally published in 1969 by G. P. Putnam's Sons . It details the story of a fictitious Sicilian Mafia family based in New York City and headed by Don Vito Corleone , who became synonymous with the Italian Mafia .", "Mario Puzo’s novel The Godfather was published in March of 1969, becoming the basis for director Francis Ford Coppola's monumental duo of Godfather films in the 1970s: The Godfather (1972) and The Godfather, Part 2 (1974) .", "The Godfather, the first film in the franchise, was released on March 15, 1972. The feature-length film was directed by Francis Ford Coppola and based upon Mario Puzo's novel of the same name. The plot begins with Don Vito Corleone declining an offer to join in the narcotics business with notorious drug lord Virgil Sollozzo, which leads to an assassination attempt. Meanwhile, Vito's oldest son Sonny takes over the family and Michael strikes back for the assassination attempt by killing Sollozzo and a corrupted police captain, forcing Michael to go to Sicily in hiding. While in Sicily, Michael travels around the country and meets a young woman whom he marries, but who is eventually killed in a car bombing. Michael returns to America after the news of his brother Sonny's murder. After returning, Vito turns over the reins of the family to Michael. Michael plans to move the family business to Las Vegas; but before the move, he plots the killing of the heads of the five families on the day of his nephew's baptism. Other subplots include Vito's daughter's abusive marriage, Johnny Fontaine's success in Hollywood, and Vito's second oldest son Fredo's role in the family business in Las Vegas.", "An adaptation of a Mario Puzo novel, The Godfather, was a box-office and critical success in 1972. The three-hour epic followed a Mafia boss, played by Marlon Brando, through his life of crime. Beyond the violence and drama were themes of love, pride, and greed. The Godfather went on to earn $134 million at American box office, and $245 million throughout the world, becoming the highest grossing film of all time. It won Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Actor, and Best Screenplay. Its director Francis Ford Coppola was passed over in favor of Bob Fosse and his musical, Cabaret, which also earned an Oscar for its star, Liza Minnelli. The Godfather Part II followed in 1974, with roughly the same principal cast and crew, earning Oscars for star Robert De Niro, its director, composer, screenwriters and art directors. The film also earned the Best Picture Oscar for that year.", "In Mario Puzo 's 1969 novel, The Godfather , Capone played a small role in the fictionalized \" Salvatore Maranzano and mob war\" of 1933.[ citation needed ](In reality, Maranzano had been killed in 1931, and Capone was in prison by 1933). In the novel, Maranzano refuses Don Vito Corleone's request for a partnership and sharing of the gambling and other rackets that Maranzano controls in New York City. According to the novel, Maranzano asks his good friend Al Capone to send two of his best gunmen to New York to finish off the upstart, before the war could take full effect. However, Corleone hitman Luca Brasi and his men intercept the two Capone gunmen at the train station, usher them into a cab, and bring them to a warehouse. Brasi hacks the limbs off one man with an ax, causing him to bleed to death. The second gunman swallows his towel-gag in fear and suffocates. Corleone then sends a message to Capone, telling him, a Neapolitan , to stay out of the affairs of two Sicilians , and to never to come to New York City, as it is \"unhealthy for Neapolitans\". The Don considered Capone a \"stupid, obvious cutthroat.\" Capone sends back word that he will no longer interfere.", "Mario Puzo was born October 15, 1920, in \"Hell's Kitchen\" on Manhattan's (NY) West Side and, following military service in World War II, attended New York's New School for Social Research and Columbia University. His best-known novel, \"The Godfather,\" was preceded by two critically acclaimed novels, \"The Dark Arena\" and \"The Fortunate Pilgrim.\" In... See full bio »", "\"My Mafia is a very romanticized myth,\" said \"Godfather\" novelist Mario Puzo, who claimed that he had never met any actual mobsters when he wrote his bestseller, and that his accounts of lurid crimes were based on archival research and imagination. Nor did Francis Ford Coppola have any direct knowledge of mob life when he and Puzo adapted the novel into a screenplay. Yet 40 years later, \"The Godfather\" is widely considered one of the most accurate movies about the Mafia, even though all its characters are fictional. Part of that is canny mythmaking on the part of Puzo and Coppola, but much of it comes from the real-life Mafia lore that is only thinly disguised in the movie. Which of the movie's notorious deeds are based on fact, and which are invented out of whole cloth? Read on.", "When Mr. Puzo wrote ''The Godfather'' in the late 1960's, he did it reluctantly. His first two novels had received favorable reviews but had earned him a total of $6,500. At 45 and in debt, he thought he was going downhill fast as a writer. But he had some favorite stories to tell about the Mafia, and for the money, he decided to write a book about Italian-Americans in organized crime. From the author's account, he had scant encouragement from publishers and received an advance of only $5,000. But when the book was published in 1969, it became one of the most phenomenal successes in literary and cinematic history.", "Puzo's most famous work, The Godfather, was first published in 1969 after he had heard anecdotes about Mafia organizations during his time in pulp journalism. He later said in an interview with Larry King that his principal motivation was to make money. He had already, after all, written two books that had received great reviews, yet had not amounted to much. As a government clerk with five children, he was looking to write something that would appeal to the masses. With a number one bestseller for months on the New York Times Best Seller List, Mario Puzo had found his target audience. The book was later developed into the film The Godfather, directed by Francis Ford Coppola. The movie received 11 Academy Award nominations, winning three, including an Oscar for Puzo for Best Adapted Screenplay. Coppola and Puzo collaborated then to work on sequels to the original film, The Godfather Part II and The Godfather Part III.", "The Last Don is a novel by Mario Puzo, best known as the author of The Godfather. ", "Mario Puzo was born October 15, 1920, in \"Hell's Kitchen\" on Manhattan's (NY) West Side and, following military service in World War II, attended New York's New School for Social Research and Columbia University. His best-known novel, \"The Godfather,\" was preceded by two critically acclaimed novels, \"The Dark Arena\" and \"The Fortunate Pilgrim.\" In 1978, he published \"Fools Die,\" followed by \"The Sicilian\" (1984) and \"The Fourth K\" (1991). Mario Puzo has also written several screenplays, including Earthquake , Superman , and all three \"Godfather\" movies, for which he received two Academy Awards. Mario's latest novel, 1996's \"The Last Don,\" was made into a CBS television miniseries in May 1997, starring Danny Aiello , Kirstie Alley and Joe Mantegna . In 1997, Part II was aired. Also in 1997, Mario's \"The Fortunate Pilgrim\" was re-released by Random House. Mario passed away July 2, 1999, at his home in Bay Shore, Long Island. His last novel, \"Omerta,\" will be published July, 2000. He is survived by his companion of 20 years, Carol Gino, and five children.", "Mario Puzo was born October 15, 1920, in \"Hell's Kitchen\" on Manhattan's (NY) West Side and, following military service in World War II, attended New York's New School for Social Research and Columbia University. His best-known novel, \"The Godfather,\" was preceded by two critically acclaimed novels, \"The Dark Arena\" and \"The Fortunate Pilgrim.\" In 1978, he published \"Fools Die,\" followed by \"The Sicilian\" (1984) and \"The Fourth K\" (1991). Mario Puzo has also written several screenplays, including Earthquake (1974), Superman (1978), and all three \"Godfather\" movies, for which he received two Academy Awards. Mario's latest novel, 1996's \"The Last Don,\" was made into a CBS television miniseries in May 1997, starring Danny Aiello , Kirstie Alley and Joe Mantegna . In 1997, Part II was aired. Also in 1997, Mario's \"The Fortunate Pilgrim\" was re-released by Random House. Mario passed away July 2, 1999, at his home in Bay Shore, Long Island. His last novel, \"Omerta,\" will be published July, 2000. He is survived by his companion of 20 years, Carol Gino, and five children.", "The Sicilian is a novel by American author Mario Puzo and published in 1984 by Random House Publishing Group (ISBN 0-671-43564-7). It is based on Puzo's most famous work, The Godfather, and is regarded as its literary sequel.", "He read and read and read, and when he didn't have his nose stuck in a book, he wrote and wrote and wrote. ~Paul Magrs (b.1969), \"The Godfather,\" 2000", "The Godfather Returns picks up the story immediately after the end of Puzo's The Godfather. It covers the years 1955 to 1962, as well as providing significant backstory for Michael Corleone's character prior to the events of the first novel. The events of the film The Godfather Part II all take place within the time frame of this novel, but are only mentioned in the background. The novel contains an appendix that attempts to correlate the events of the novels with the events of the films.", "The Godfather Part III, the third film in the franchise, was released on December 25, 1990. Francis Ford Coppola returned as director for the feature-length film, while also writing the screenplay with the help of the author Mario Puzo. It completes the story of Michael Corleone, a Mafia kingpin who tries to legitimize his criminal empire. The film also weaves into its plot a fictionalized account of real-life events, which include the 1978 death of Pope John Paul I and the Papal banking scandal of 1981 and 1982, and links them with each other and with the affairs of Michael Corleone.", "Which U.S. author's bestseller \"The Godfather\" provided the literary basis for the film trilogy of the same name?", "Still supporting himself and his family (his wife and five children) as a freelance writer, Mr. Puzo began ''The Godfather.'' When the paperback rights to the book were suddenly sold for $410,000, he telephoned his mother. She misunderstood and thought he said $40,000. Three times he told her the real figure, and then she said, ''Don't tell nobody.'' Earlier his mother had been skeptical about his work. After ''The Godfather,'' she called him ''a poet.''", "The Fortunate Pilgrim is the real birthplace of The Godfather. As Puzo says, the book's hero, Lucia Santa, is based on his own mother: \"Whenever the Godfather opened his mouth, in my own mind I heard the voice of my mother. I heard her wisdom, her ruthlessness, and her unconquerable love for her family and for life itself. … The Don's courage and loyalty came from her; his humanity came from her…and so, I know now, without Lucia Santa, I could not have written The Godfather.\"", "^ Puzo, Mario (2002). The Godfather. New York: NAL. pp. 192, 203, 329, 335, 337, 349. ISBN   978-0-451-20576-6 . ", "The Godfather is a novel. Puzo pulls us inside the society of the Mafia and its gang wars. The leader, Vito Corleone, is the Godfather. He is a benevolent despot who stops at nothing to gain and hold power. His command post is a fortress on Long Island from which he presides over a vast underground empire that includes the rackets, gambling, bookmaking, and unions. His influence runs through all levels of American society, from the cop on the beat to the nation's mighty.", "In 1972, a film adaptation of the novel was released, starring Marlon Brando as Don Vito Corleone, Al Pacino as Michael Corleone, and directed by Francis Ford Coppola . Mario Puzo assisted with writing the screenplay and with other production tasks. The film grossed approximately $269 million worldwide and won various awards, including three Academy Awards , five Golden Globes and one Grammy and is considered to be one of the greatest films of all time. The sequel, The Godfather Part II won six Oscars, and became the first sequel to win the Oscar for Best Picture.", "The Godfather, the saga of the fictional Corleone Mafia family, became one of the best-selling books of all time, selling more than 21 million copies worldwide.", "The Godfather tells the sweeping story of the Corleone crime family, focusing on the rise of young Michael Corleone to control of the family's empire. Propelling the drama forward are powerful performances by Marlon Brando (1924–) and newcomer Al Pacino (1940–). After its release in 1972, critics were floored by the film's depiction of America's criminal underworld. The film became a sensational hit with moviegoers as well, and The Godfather swept the Academy Awards that year. Coppola was a winner in the Best Director and Best Screenplay categories.", "The novel is a spin-off of The Godfather (set during Michael's exile in Sicily). However, all references to the Corleones are omitted from the film due to copyright issues.", "After the book was published, he was introduced to several gangsters who, he said, ''refused to believe that I had never been in the rackets.'' He added, ''But all of them loved the book.'' And later they loved the movie, although the author was sometimes subjected to the charge that ''The Godfather'' was unflattering to Italian-Americans.", "The novel and film also differ on the fates of Michael's bodyguards in Sicily, Fabrizio and Calò . The film has them both surviving (Calò, in fact, appears in the third installment). In the book, however, it is stated that Calò dies along with Apollonia in the car explosion, and Fabrizio, implicated as an accomplice in the bombing, is shot and killed as one more victim in the famous \"baptism scene\" after he is tracked down running a pizza parlor in Buffalo . Fabrizio's murder was deleted from the film but publicity photos of the scene exist. [22] (He is later killed in a completely different scene in The Godfather Saga which was deleted from The Godfather Part II.)", "The novel is about Pope Alexander VI and his family. Puzo spent over twenty years working on the book off and on, while he wrote others. It was finished by his longtime girlfriend, Carol Gino. Effectively his last novel.", "The novel opens in 1950 Sicily, where Michael Corleone, nearing the end of his exile in Sicily, meets with Don Croce Malo, the Capo di Capi or Boss of bosses in Sicily, his brother, Father Benjamino Malo, Stefan Andolini (redheaded cousin of Don Vito Corleone), and Sicilian Inspector Frederico Velardi. They discuss with Michael the details of his father's agreement to allow Michael to usher the bandit Salvatore \"Turi\" Guiliano out of Sicily and to America. Michael is told of a \"testament\", a set of documents Guiliano has composed that would be damning to certain political officials of the Italian government if released. Michael is taken to Guiliano's house where he meets Turi's parents and Gaspare \"Aspanu\" Pisciotta, Guiliano's second in command. Michael is informed that Turi's pregnant fiancee is heading to America first, ahead of Guiliano, and only when she sends word back that she is safe, will Turi leave for America. Michael is also told he is to be entrusted with Guiliano's testament. Maria Lombardo Guiliano gives Michael a negro statue of the Virgin Mary as a gift as he parts.", "101. born May 25, 1927, New York, New York, United States died March 12, 2001, Naples, Fla. United States author of spy thrillers. He worked in the theatre as an actor and a successful producer and acted for television before turning to writing. Among his best-sellers were The Scarlatti Inheritance (1971), The Osterman Weekend (1972; film, 1983), The Matarese Circle (1979) and The Bourne Identity (1980; film, 1988, 2002). Though critics often found his plots unlikely and his prose uninspired, his fast-paced combination of international espionage, conspiracy and mayhem proved enormously popular." ]

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[ "ACMAT  · Agricola  · Ajokki (Finland) · Albion Motors  · Alfa Romeo (Italy) · Amanco  · Astra (Italy) · AutoDiana  · Avia (Czech)  · Avia (Spain)  · Barreiros (Spain) · Berliet (France) · Bernard (France) · Bollnäs  · DAAG (Germany) · DAF (Netherlands) ( Paccar ) · EBIAN (Greece) · Ebro (Spanish) · ELBO (Greek) · Emelba (Spain) · Enasa (Spain) · Faun (German) · Fiat / Iveco (Italy)/ Ford Trucks / Iveco-Ford  · FTF Trucks (Netherlands) · Hanomag  · Hanomag Henschel  · Hispano-Suiza (Spain) · Intrall (Poland) · IPV (Spain) · Jelcz  · Kaelble  · KMC  · Laffly (France) · Latil (France) · LIAZ  · Magirus-Deutz (Germany) · MAN (German) · Mercedes Benz (German) · MOL (Belgium) · Panhard (France) · Pegaso (Spain) · Renault (France) · Roman  · Saurer (Switzerland) · Saviem  · Scania  · Scania-Vabis  · Steyr (Austria) · Tatra (Czech) · Uro (Spain) · Volkswagen (Germany) · Volvo (Sweden)", "The country in which a motor vehicle's vehicle registration plate was issued is indicated by an international licence plate country code, formerly known as an International Registration Letter or International Circulation Mark, displayed in bold block uppercase on a small white oval plate or sticker near the number plate on the rear of a vehicle.", "As of 2008, International plates for private cars are available from the DLT upon request, for a fee. The prefix characters are translated via code-matching into two alphanumeric Roman characters. The country name THAILAND is displayed in capital letters below the registration number, and the numerical provincial code is shown in the bottom right. The plates are black on white. They are required for transport into Burma, Cambodia, Southern China, Laos, Vietnam and Malaysia. However, they are not legal inside Thailand, and must be removed upon re-entering the country.", "From 1963 until around 1990, in West Germany, private vehicles owned by members of British Forces Germany and their families were issued registration numbers in a unique format (initially two letters followed by three digits plus a \"B\" suffix, e.g. RH 249 B, then from the early 1980s three letters followed by two numbers plus the \"B\" suffix, e.g. AQQ 89 B). This was discontinued for security reasons, as it made them vulnerable to Provisional IRA attacks. Private vehicles driven by British military personnel are now issued with either standard UK number plates (if right hand drive) or German ones (if left hand drive), although the vehicle is not actually registered with the DVLA. ", "In North America, IS models sold at launch included the IS 250 and IS 350 sedans; in parts of Europe, the IS models sold by Lexus included the IS 250 and IS 220d sedans. The IS 250 was also available in Australia, New Zealand, Thailand, Singapore, Hong Kong, Chile (automatic only), Taiwan, South Africa and South Korea.", "These are used for motorcycles and vehicles where mounting space is an issue, such as taxis which display their licence plate beside the registration plate, and vehicles imported from countries where the mounting space was not originally designed to take European-sized plates (e.g. USA).", "All personalised number plates and personal registration marks mentioned in this site are British i.e. issued and controlled by the DVLA Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency here in Swansea. They are only for display on vehicles registered in the UK and Northern Ireland.", "Vehicles are often required to be registered. Registration may be for purely legal reasons, for insurance reasons or to help law enforcement recover stolen vehicles. Toronto Police Service, for example, offers free and optional bicycle registration online. On motor vehicles, registration often takes the form of a vehicle registration plate, which makes it easy to identify a vehicle. In Russia, trucks and buses have their licence plate numbers repeated in large black letters on the back. On aircraft, a similar system is used where a tail number is painted on various surfaces. Like motor vehicles and aircraft, watercraft also have registration numbers in most jurisdictions, however the vessel name is still the primary means of identification as has been the case since ancient times. For this reason, duplicate registration names are generally rejected. In Canada, boats with an engine power of or greater require registration, leading to the ubiquitous \"\" engine.", "Vehicles are often required to be registered. Registration may be for purely legal reasons, for insurance reasons or to help law enforcement recover stolen vehicles. Toronto Police Service, for example, offers free and optional bicycle registration online. On motor vehicles, registration often takes the form of a vehicle registration plate, which makes it easy to identify a vehicle. In Russia, trucks and buses have their licence plate numbers repeated in large black letters on the back. On aircraft, a similar system is used where a tail number is painted on various surfaces. Like motor vehicles and aircraft, watercraft also have registration numbers in most jurisdictions, however the vessel name is still the primary means of identification as has been the case since ancient times. For this reason, duplicate registration names are generally rejected. In Canada, boats with an engine power of 10 hp or greater require registration, leading to the ubiquitous \"\" engine.", "While motorists with vehicles registered in Great Britain are permitted by the DVLA to use number plates carrying Euro-style bands with UK national flags and country codes, officially only the European Union symbol and the \"GB\" country code are specified in Northern Ireland. This is despite the fact that Northern Ireland, while part of the United Kingdom, is not part of Great Britain.", "In some jurisdictions, plates will be permanently assigned to that particular vehicle for its lifetime. Some countries permit the re-registration of the vehicle with \"personal\" (\"vanity\" or \"Cherished Mark\") plates. If the vehicle is either destroyed or exported to a different country, it must be re-registered in the country of import. China requires the re-registration of any vehicle that crosses its borders from another country, such as for overland tourist visits, regardless of the length of time it is due to remain there; this has to be arranged with prior approval.", "You can drive a personal vehicle while visiting the country as long as you display the International Distinguishing Sign on the rear exterior of the vehicle (excluding Canada and Mexico).", "In general, every motor vehicle in Singapore has a vehicle registration number. Two colour schemes are in use: the black-on-white (front of the vehicle) and black-on-yellow (rear) scheme, or the more popular white-on-black scheme. The number plate has to be made of a reflective plastic or metallic with textured characters which are black (for white-yellow), or white or silver (for black ones). No standardised typeface is used, though all typefaces are based on the Charles Wright number plate typeface used in the UK. Thinner-looking variants are commonly used by SBS Transit buses, taxis and goods vehicles. Rarely, the FE-Schrift font used in Germany can be seen – though the use of this font is prohibited by the Land Transport Authority (LTA). ", "Jersey registration plates consist of the letter 'J' followed by one to six digits; plates may now incorporate the coat of arms of Jersey in a white strip on the left, along with the country identifier 'GBJ' (Great Britain – Jersey). This design is similar to the EU standard plate, but does not incorporate the European flag, as Jersey is outside the European Union.", "Since 1979 cars operated by foreign embassies, high commissions, consular staff, and various international organisations have been given plates with a distinguishing format of three numbers, one letter, three numbers. The letter is D for diplomats or X for accredited non-diplomatic staff. The first group of three numbers identifies the country or organisation to whom the plate has been issued, the second group of three numbers is a serial number, starting at 101 for diplomats (although some embassies were erroneously issued 100), 400 for non-diplomatic staff of international organisations, and 700 for consular staff. Thus, for example, 101 D 101 identifies the first plate allocated to the Afghan embassy, 900 X 400 is the first plate allocated to the Commonwealth Secretariat.", "Car for use in (country): Date Required:. I am interested in: 8(K) Series fj New 600 Series Q 400 Series fj 2(X) Saloon fj 200 Coupe 200 Cabriolet FJ Montcgo Estate Q Metro fj Mini Q) Land Rover Defender Land Rover Discovery G Range Rover Q TAX FREE FOR EXPORT fj TAX PAID FOR I'K USE Post to SCE Ltd, FRHEPOST. Faringdon, Oxon SN: 5BR (No stamp required if mailed in IK or BFPO).", "On the international level the licence plates of different countries are distinguished by a supplementary licence plate country code. This country designator is displayed in bold block uppercase on a small white oval plate or sticker on the rear of the vehicle near the number plate.", "On the international level the license plates of different countries are distinguished by a supplementary license plate country code. This country designator is displayed in bold block uppercase on a small white oval plate or sticker on the rear of the vehicle near the number plate.", "Vehicles in cross-border traffic are obliged to display a distinguishing sign of the country of registration on the rear of the vehicle. This sign may either be placed separately from the registration plate or may be incorporated into the vehicle registration plate (such as the EU strip). When the distinguishing sign is incorporated into the registration plate, it must also appear on the front registration plate of the vehicle. The physical requirements for the separate sign are defined in Annex 3 of the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic.", "The allocation of codes is maintained by the United Nations (UN) as the Distinguishing Signs of Vehicles in International Traffic, being authorized by the UN's Geneva Convention on Road Traffic (1949) and Vienna Convention on Road Traffic (1968). Many, but far from all, vehicle codes created since the adoption of ISO 3166 coincide with either the ISO two- or three-letter codes.", "The allocation of codes is maintained by the United Nations as the Distinguishing Signs of Vehicles in International Traffic, being authorized by the UN's Geneva Convention on Road Traffic (1949) and Vienna Convention on Road Traffic (1968). Many, but far from all, vehicle codes created since the adoption of ISO 3166 coincide with either the ISO two or three letter codes.", "Non-commercial vehicles (nationwide registration number \"00-X-0000\": X is one Hangeul character denoting type of vehicle) bear plates with white background and black letters, while commercial vehicles (Region name is added as prefix like \"Seoul 12 GA 3456\") with yellow background and black letters. In older system, non-commercial vehicles plates had green background and white letters.", "* XS: RXS for embassy staff vehicles which did not qualify for D or X diplomatic plates.", "The ‘Suffix’ system of registration didn’t use I, O, Q, U or Z as year letters which meant that by 1982 it had reached ‘Y’ and so had run its course. From 1983 onwards the sequence was reversed so that the year letter - starting at ‘A’ - preceded the numbers and then the letters of the registration. This new system of vehicle registration was known as ‘Prefix’ and the available range was from A21 AAA to Y999 YYY. As with Suffix registration numbers, the Prefix system didn’t use", "Vehicles which have not been registered (because they are being repaired, for example) have to carry short-term plates valid only for five days. The code starts with the numbers 04, e.g. DD-04000, and the plate has a yellow strip on the right showing when they are valid. The date is listed numerically, on three lines, reading day, month, year, with two digits each.", "If your vehicle is hired or leased, the supplier company is unlikely to let you have the original VC5. Instead you can apply for a Vehicle on Hire Certificate (VE103). This certificate is authenticated proof of permission from the owner to take the vehicle abroad. A Vehicle on Hire Certificate is valid for one year and you can buy one from motoring organisations such as:", "All legal taxis have blue license plates. So do some other vehicles for group transport, such as minibus services for the handicapped.", "| Vehicle type: __ | | c = Car | | t = Truck | | b = Bus |", "A vehicle which has been written-off is no longer seen as viable in the eyes of a vehicle insurance company. You cannot transfer a registration on to a written-off vehicle, but you can transfer one off using a V317 , or onto a certificate using a V778 .", "Today vehicles with plates ending in 0 and 1, 2 and 3, etc 8 and 9 do not circulate", "Trade plates have red letters on a white background, and display a number prefixed by MNA.", "A specimen showing use of the trademark on a vehicle in which the goods are marketed to the relevant purchasers may constitute use of the mark on a container for the goods, if this is the normal mode of use of a mark for the particular goods" ]

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[ "Jack Sharkey was a Heavyweight boxing champion nicknamed the “Boston Gob.” He earned the distinction of having fought two of the world’s boxing greats, Jack Dempsey and Joe Louis in prizefights. He was a legend in his own right, although boxing critics and sports historians deem this Lithuanian fighter as an overshadowed champion in an era where boxing had produced a slew of great boxers.", "Jack Sharkey (October 26, 1902 – August 17, 1994) was an American heavyweight boxing champion . He was born Joseph Paul Zukauskas (his birth surname is sometimes given as Cukoschay), the son of Lithuanian immigrants, in Binghamton, New York but moved to Boston, Massachusetts as a young man. Sources report little of his early life until, at the outset of the First World War , teenaged Joseph repeatedly tried to enlist in the Navy. Turned down because of his age, he was not able to enlist until after the end of the war.", "Jack Sharkey (October 26, 1902 – August 17, 1994) was an American heavyweight boxing champion. He was born Joseph Paul Zukauskas (his birth surname is sometimes given as Cukoschay), the son of Lithuanian immigrants, in Binghamton, New York but moved to Boston, Massachusetts as a young man. Sources report little of his early life until, at the outset of the First World War, teenaged Joseph repeatedly tried to enlist in the Navy. Turned down because of his age, he was not able to enlist until after the end of the war.", "Jack Sharkey was reputed to be a fast, well-trained, intellectual fighter, with the corresponding determination and heart to go with such qualities. One impressive and notable detail in his career is that he went against the very best names in the boxing world in such a golden era of the sport where getting a match against prizefighters was more than enough to earn the respect and admiration of the boxing community. Winning the title of heavyweight champion in 1929 against Tommy Loughran established his name even more as a great boxing contender.", "A fast and well-schooled fighter with no lack of heart and determination, Jack Sharkey is nonetheless overshadowed by the other heavyweight champions of his era. Sharkey's indefatigable willingness to fight any opponent is best illustrated by his distinction in being the only man to have faced both Jack Dempsey and Joe Louis in prizefights. Though he consistently fought the best, Sharkey did not always prevail when up against the true upper crust of the division. In fact, his finest performances are perhaps his losses to Dempsey and Max Schmeling . Outspoken about his own confidence in his abilities and often surly or uncooperative in business, Sharkey had the talent to back up his ego. He remained a constant presence at or near the top of the heavyweight division for nearly a decade and solidified in his place in boxing lore by becoming heavyweight champion.", "Having found himself a manager and now focused entirely on his career as a prizefighter, young Zukauskus decided to adopt a more publicity-friendly stage name. He decided upon \"Jack Sharkey\"—combining the names of two of his idols, heavyweight boxing icons Jack Dempsey and Tom Sharkey . He met with moderate success in his first two years of fighting mainly in the Boston area. Though he did not always win his early bouts, he routinely fought reputable opponents with vast experience advantages over him. As a result, his technique improved quickly, as was displayed in his 1926 New York City debut, fought at no less a venue than Madison Square Garden . His opponent, Eddie Huffman , was no contender but was still a favorite over the Bostonian. The unknown Sharkey boxed well enough over ten rounds to take the decision and earn notice in fight circles as an up-and-coming heavyweight. Five follow-up wins led to a match with future Hall-of-Famer Harry Wills , who was considered at the time to be the fighter all of the top heavyweights made a point to avoid. To the surprise of many, Sharkey clearly outboxed the veteran Wills, who retaliated with an illegal backhand blow that got him disqualified in the thirteenth round. It was Wills' first defeat in four years and Jack Sharkey was now a major contender for Gene Tunney's heavyweight championship.", "Obituary: BOSTON - When the subject was heavyweight boxing, Jack Sharkey was the man to see. After all, who else had been smacked by both Jack Dempsey and Joe Louis?", "Sharkey then retired with a record of 38-14-3 with 13 knockouts. As the Cyber Boxing Zone website describes him, \"Sharkey had good skills, could hit with power, box well and take punishment when he set his mind to fight; But, he was an erratic, 'up-and-down' boxer who never seemed to put all his skills together consistently; when he was good, he was very good but when he was bad, he was awful.\" ", "Mr. Sharkey, who held the heavyweight title from June 21, 1932, to June 29, 1933, before losing it under questionable circumstances that would dog him the rest of his life, died Wednesday in Beverly, Mass., at age 91 after a long bout with illness.", "Born Joseph Paul Zukauskas, the son of Lithuanian immigrants, Sharkey was born in Binghamton, New York, but moved to Boston, Massachusetts as a young man. Sources report little of his early life until, at the outset of the First World War, teenaged Joseph repeatedly tried to enlist in the Navy. Turned down because of his age, he was not able to enlist until after the end of the war. It was during his tenure in the Navy that he first showed interest in boxing. Tall and husky for a man of his generation, Joseph (or \"Big Skee\" as he was nicknamed at the time) was encouraged by his friends in the service to box. He quickly established notoriety as the best boxer aboard any vessel on which he served. During his brief returns home to Boston, he took part in his first fights for pay, the first taking place on January 24, 1924 against one Billy Muldoon, who was dispatched inside of a round. By the time of his honorable discharge just short of a month later, he had won a second fight and was already earning write ups in the Boston papers.", "Muhammad Ali (born Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr.; January 17, 1942) is an American former  boxer  and three-time  World Heavyweight Champion . As an amateur, he won a gold medal in the  light heavyweight  division at the  1960 Summer Olympics  in Rome. [1]  After turning professional, he went on to become the first and only boxer to win the  lineal heavyweight championship  three times.", "During a July 21, 1927 fight at Yankee Stadium, Dempsey knocked out future Heavyweight Champion Jack Sharkey in the seventh round. The fight was an elimination bout for a title shot against Tunney. Sharkey was beating Dempsey until the end. The fight ended controversially when Sharkey claimed Dempsey had been hitting him below the belt. When Sharkey turned to the referee to complain, he left himself unprotected. Dempsey crashed a left hook onto Sharkey's chin, knocking him out and the referee counting Sharkey out on a ten-count.", "Muhammad Ali (/ɑːˈliː/; born Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr.; January 17, 1942) is an American former professional boxer, generally considered among the greatest heavyweights in the sport's history. Clay won six Kentucky Golden Gloves titles, two national Golden Gloves titles, an Amateur Athletic Union National Title, and the Light Heavyweight gold medal in the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome. Ali remains the only three-time lineal World Heavyweight Champion; he won the title in 1964, 1974, and 1978. Between February 25, 1964 and September 19, 1964 Muhammad Ali reigned as the Undisputed Heavyweight Boxing Champion.Notable wins:Sonny Liston, George Foreman,Joe Frazier 2x.", "To start off 1927, Sharkey stopped former light heavyweight champ Mike McTigue in twelve rounds and then Boston rival Jim Maloney in five. Then it was on to a match with his idol, former champion Jack Dempsey. The winner was scheduled to meet Tunney for the title. On July 21, 1927, at Yankee Stadium in New York, Sharkey proved too fast and too hungry for the aging and rusty Manassa Mauler. He clearly outboxed Dempsey and was amassing a wide points lead going into the seventh round when, believing himself to have been fowled by a low blow from Dempsey, Sharkey turned to the referee to complain. At the very moment, Dempsey landed a classic left hook directly to Sharkey's chin. Sharkey, who had dropped his guard when complaining to the referee, immediately fell forward onto the canvas and was counted out while clutching his groin and moaning in agony. Though Dempsey supporters rallied around the technicality that a fighter should protect himself at all times, many who left that night felt that Sharkey had proven himself Dempsey's master, loss or no.", "William Harrison \"Jack\" Dempsey (June 24, 1895 – May 31, 1983), also known as \"Kid Blackie\" and \"The Manassa Mauler\", was an American professional boxer, who became a cultural icon of the 1920s. Dempsey held the World Heavyweight Championship from 1919 to 1926, and his aggressive style and exceptional punching power made him one of the most popular boxers in history. Many of his fights set financial and attendance records, including the first million-dollar gate. Listed at #10 on The Ring's list of all-time heavyweights and #7 among its Top 100 Greatest Punchers, in 1950 the Associated Press voted Dempsey as the greatest fighter of the past 50 years. Dempsey is a member of the International Boxing Hall of Fame, and was inducted into The Ring magazine's Boxing Hall of Fame in 1951.", "Hank Kaplan, a famous fight historian who has corresponded with Sharkey over the years, says: 'The press, I believe, were somewhat unfair to him over that fight. I've seen a film of it and although Carnera is a guy who's had a lot of laughs at him, you can tell that he wasn't that much of a clown in the ring. A private detective friend of mine visited Sharkey recently and said he's still very much alive. He prefers talking about fly-fishing to the fights.'", "Jack Dempsey (1895-1983) was an American boxer. He was the heavyweight world champion for seven years, and at his peak, he was one of the most famous celebrities in the United States. Born William Harrison Dempsey, he was known for his tremendous punching strength.", "After the Snake River jump, Knievel returned to motorcycle jumping with ABC Wide World of Sports televising several jumps. On May 26, 1975, in front of 90,000 people at Wembley Stadium in London, Knievel crashed while trying to land a jump over thirteen single-deck AEC Merlin buses (the term “London Buses” used in earlier publicity had led to the belief that the attempt was to be made over the higher and more traditional Routemaster double-deck type). After the crash, despite breaking his back, Knievel addressed the audience and announced his retirement. Near shock and not yielding to Frank Gifford’s (of ABC Wide World of Sports) plea to use a stretcher, Knievel walked off the Wembley field stating, “I came in walking, I went out walking!”", "Jack Sharkeyis the only man to have fought both Jack Dempsey and Joe Louis. But he may be best remembered for a pair of controversial title fights with Max Schmeling.", "The 1919-1926 Heavyweight world champion , Jack Dempsey, fought in professional boxing in 1914-1940. He first got his title from Jess Willard in Toledo, OH (July 4, 1919). He then lost the title in September 1926 after defeated by Gene Tuney in Chicago, IL.", "In his first title defense, Sharkey was knocked out by the mob-connected Carnera in the sixth round. As he did in 1931, Sharkey began by easily outboxing Carnera for the first five rounds. But he was floored with a right uppercut in round six and counted out. Many felt the fight was fixed but Sharkey denied the accusation until his death.", "The fight was a ring classic. Sharkey took the early lead when he battered the larger Jeffries during the early stages of the bout. Jeffries, however, was very powerful and gained control of the fight in the later rounds. Both fighters, despite suffering severe injuries during the bout went all out in the final round, which most believed was won by Jeffries. In any event the bout was awarded to Jeffries, although many felt Sharkey had won. During this fight the indomitable Sharkey suffered a broken nose and two broken ribs, and his left ear swelled to the size of a grapefruit. After this fight Jeffries and Sharkey became friends. Jeffries always claimed that Sharkey gave him his hardest fights stating that Sharkey was the roughest, toughest and bravest man he ever fought.", "Photos: Jack Sharkey, above left, weighing in for his 1932 title bout with Max Schmeling at Long Island City (The New York Times, 1932), and in retirement, at right, in 1983. (United Press International)", "Jack Dempsey figured in five fights that drew million-dollar gates. The first was against Georges Carpentier on July 2, 1921. The others were against Luis Firpo, Gene Tunney, whom he fought twice, and Jack Sharkey after he had lost the title.", "Jack Sharkey with Jimmie Foxx and Ted Williams. Photo courtesy Boston Public Library, Leslie Jones Collection.", "Lee Haney (born November 11, 1959 in Spartanburg, Carolina), is a former American IFBB professional bodybuilder most famous for being the current joint record holder, along with Ronnie Coleman, for winning the most Mr. Olympia titles (eight times from 1984 to 1991).", "In October 1931, Sharkey defeated Italian heavyweight, Primo Carnera , and was then given another chance to fight for the title. On June 21, 1932, at the Madison Square Garden Bowl in Long Island City, New York , Sharkey defeated Schmeling in a controversial split decision to win the championship. Sharkey lost the title on June 29, 1933 in his second fight with Primo Carnera . He took a year off, fought four mediocre fights, and then fought Joe Louis on August 18, 1936, losing by knockout in the 3rd round. This made him the only man to fight both Dempsey and Louis.", "Among other things, his battered body served as the lone bridge between successive eras. He was at once the only man to have faced two sets of champions who never fought each other, Jack Dempsey and Schmeling and Dempsey and Joe Louis. Sharkey-Dempsey in 1927", "First there was the Eric Bristow-John Lowe-Jocky Wilson triumvirate which was in the vanguard of the sport in its 1980s boom years. Bristow, Taylor's mentor, won the last of his five world titles in 1986 and packed the game up professionally at the age of 43 in 2000.", "He finished his career in 1936 after Joe Louis knocked him out in Yankee Stadium. Sharkey's career record was 38-14-3, with 13 knockouts.", "July 30: Danno O�Mahoney beats Ed Don George in Boston to become the undisputed World champion.", "· Dennis Taylor (Northern Ireland), won the 1985 World Championship final; also famous for wearing large spectacles. " ]

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[ "After spending much of her childhood in foster homes, Monroe began a career as a model, which led to a film contract in 1946 with Twentieth Century-Fox. Her early film appearances were minor, but her performances in The Asphalt Jungle and All About Eve (both 1950), drew attention. By 1952 she had her first leading role in Don't Bother to Knock[6] and 1953 brought a lead in Niagara, a melodramatic film noir that dwelt on her seductiveness. Her \"dumb blonde\" persona was used to comic effect in subsequent films such as Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953), How to Marry a Millionaire (1953) and The Seven Year Itch (1955). Limited by typecasting, Monroe studied at the Actors Studio to broaden her range. Her dramatic performance in Bus Stop (1956) was hailed by critics and garnered a Golden Globe nomination. Her production company, Marilyn Monroe Productions, released The Prince and the Showgirl (1957), for which she received a BAFTA Award nomination and won a David di Donatello award. She received a Golden Globe Award for her performance in Some Like It Hot (1959). Monroe's last completed film was The Misfits (1961), co-starring Clark Gable with screenplay by her then-husband, Arthur Miller.", "Actress Marilyn Monroe is shown on the set of her last movie, \"Something's Got To Give,\" in Los Angeles in this April 1962, file photo. (AP Photo, file)", "When the studio was still reluctant to change her contract, Monroe founded a film production company in late 1954, Marilyn Monroe Productions (MMP). She dedicated 1955 to building her company and began studying method acting at the Actors Studio . In late 1955, Fox awarded her a new contract, which gave her more control and a larger salary. After a critically acclaimed performance in Bus Stop (1956) and acting in the first independent production of MMP, The Prince and the Showgirl (1957), she won a Golden Globe for Best Actress for Some Like It Hot (1959). Her last completed film was the drama The Misfits (1961).", "When the studio was still reluctant to change her contract, Monroe founded a film production company in late 1954, Marilyn Monroe Productions (MMP). She dedicated 1955 to building her company and began studying method acting at the Actors Studio. In late 1955, Fox awarded her a new contract, which gave her more control and a larger salary. After a critically acclaimed performance in Bus Stop (1956) and acting in the first independent production of MMP, The Prince and the Showgirl (1957), she won a Golden Globe for Best Actress for Some Like It Hot (1959). Her last completed film was the drama The Misfits (1961).<br /><br /> Monroe's troubled private life received much attention. She struggled with addiction, depression, and anxiety. She had two highly publicized marriages, to baseball player Joe DiMaggio and playwright Arthur Miller, which both ended in divorce. Read Less", "Monroe made her last picture in 1961, The Misfits, which Miller wrote especially for her. She divorced him a week before the film opened. She attempted one more film, Something’s Got to Give, but was fired for her frequent illnesses and absences from the set, which many believed to be related to drug addiction. In August 1962, she died from an overdose of sleeping pills. Her death was ruled a possible suicide. Since her death, her popularity and mystique have endured, with numerous biographies published after her death. Her ex-husband Joe DiMaggio continued to send flowers to her grave every day for the rest of his life.", "In 1962, Monroe was dismissed after one month of filming on her last film, Something’s Got To Give. During this time period, she was admitted to a mental hospital for a short period of time.", "Monroe studied with Lee Strasberg at the Actors’ Studio in New York City , and in The Seven Year Itch (1955) and Bus Stop (1956) she began to emerge as a talented comedian. In 1956 she married playwright Arthur Miller and briefly retired from moviemaking, although she costarred with Sir Laurence Olivier in The Prince and the Showgirl (1957). She won critical acclaim for the first time as a serious actress for Some Like It Hot (1959). Her last role, in The Misfits (1961), was written by Miller, whom she had divorced the year before.", "Was \"the other woman\" in Marilyn Monroe 's last and unfinished film Something's Got to Give (1962).", "When Marilyn Monroe was a young girl, only known as Norma Jean, her mother gave her a picture of Clark Gable and told the impressionable youth that the actor was in fact her father. As the actress matured, she would realize that the King of Hollywood was not her real father, but Gable did become a father figure in her life and worked with him on their last film, \"The Misfits\" (1961).", "Monroe returned to Hollywood to resume filming on an already troubled picture, Something's Got to Give . In May 1962 , Monroe made her last significant public appearance, singing Happy Birthday, Mr. President at a televised birthday party for President John F. Kennedy . After shooting what was claimed to have been the first ever nude scene by a major motion picture actress, Monroe's attendance became even more erratic due to illness.", "* November 4 - Filming wraps on The Misfits, starring Marilyn Monroe and Clark Gable (the last film for both, though Monroe was working on another at the time of her death).", "Marilyn Monroe (born Norma Jeane Mortenson, June 1, 1926 (birth time source: birth certificate, Bob Garner, Astrodatabank) � August 5, 1962; baptized Norma Jeane Baker) was an American actress, singer, model and film producer. After spending much of her childhood in foster homes, Monroe began a career as a model, which led to a film contract in 1946. Her early roles were minor, but her performances in The Asphalt Jungle and All About Eve (both 1950) were well received, and as her career progressed she became known as a sex symbol. She was praised for her comedic ability in such films as Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, How to Marry a Millionaire and The Seven Year Itch, and became one of Hollywood's most popular performers. The typecasting of Monroe's \"dumb blonde\" persona limited her caree...", "Born Norma Jeane Mortenson, Marilyn Monroe was a model and actress who would become one of the most famous women in history. She was a blond bombshell that had been linked romantically to President John F. Kennedy and was married to author Arthur Miller and baseball player Joe DiMaggio. Some of her well-known films include Some Like it Hot (1959), The Seven Year Itch (1955) and The Misfits (1961). Monroe was found dead in her home due to an overdose of barbiturates and her death has been hotly debated as being an intentional suicide, accidental suicide or murder for decades.", "Does anyone else love the film \"The Misfits\", starring Gable and Marilyn Monroe? It was released in 1961 and it is both of their last films--Gable worked himself to death on the film, doing his own, intense stunts at age 59 after years of abusing his body--and Monroe died in 1962 before she could star in another film.", "In this late October 1956 publicity photo provided by Running Press, Marilyn Monroe, right, with husband Arthur Miller, is shown in the final weeks of filming \"The Prince and the Showgirl.\" This goddess-like ... more", "Making better movies was certainly a central ambition in the last years of her life. She was emboldened by her work with the Strasbergs and by the good reviews she got for her roles in \"Bus Stop\" and \"Some Like It Hot.\" Monroe and Lee Strasberg talked for years about collaborating on an adaptation of Somerset Maugham's \"Rain,\" which would be directed by Strasberg and star Monroe as protagonist Sadie Thompson. They also discussed adapting Dostoevsky's \"The Brothers Karamazov,\" with Monroe as Grushenka, a beautiful woman who inspires a character to murder his father. There also were rumors of a movie about Freud.", "What is known about Marilyn Monroe is she has 30 films credited to her name (the last one not completed due to her death).", "When 20th Century-Fox fired Marilyn Monroe as his co-star in Something's Got to Give (1962) and then attempted to replace her with Lee Remick , he reminded the studio that he had contractual approval of his co-star, and refused to continue the project without Monroe. His act of loyalty eventually got Marilyn re-hired, but she died of a drug overdose before shooting on this never-finished film could resume. Nine hours of largely unseen footage from the film remained in the vaults at 20th Century Fox until 1999. The film was then edited to include some of the unseen footage,wherever feasible and digitally restored, as a 37 minute film. After 39 years, The film finally premiered on Cable TV's \"American Movie Classics\", on June 1, 2001. It is available on DVD.", "Marilyn Monroe (born Norma Jeane Mortenson; 1 June 1926 – 5 August 1962) was an American actress, singer, model, and one of the most famous Hollywood icons of the twentieth century.", "After spending much of her childhood in foster homes, Monroe began a career as a model, which led to a film contract in 1946 with Twentieth Century-Fox. Her early film appearances were minor, but her performances in The Asphalt Jungle and All About Eve (both 1950), drew attention. By 1952 she had her first leading role in Don't Bother to Knock and 1953 brought a lead in Niagara, a melodramatic film noir that dwelt on her seductiveness. Her \"dumb blonde\" persona was used to comic effect in subsequen Marilyn Monroe (born Norma Jeane Mortenson; June 1, 1926 – August 5, 1962) was an American actress, model, and singer, who became a major sex symbol, starring in a number of commercially successful motion pictures during the 1950s and early 1960s.", "Marilyn Monroe (born Norma Jeane Mortenson; June 1, 1926 – August 5, 1962) was an American actress and model. Famous for playing “ dumb blonde ” characters, she became one of the most popular sex symbols of the 1950s, emblematic of the era’s attitudes towards sexuality. Although she was a top-billed actress for only a decade, her films grossed $200 million by the time of her unexpected death in 1962.", "Actress Marilyn Monroe was born as Norma Jeane Mortenson on June 1, 1926 in Los Angeles, California. During her all-too-brief life, Marilyn Monroe overcame a difficult childhood to become one of the world's biggest and most enduring sex symbols. During her career, Monroe's films grossed more than $200 million. Monroe died of a drug overdose on August 5, 1962, at only 36 years old.", "In this Sept. 9, 1954 file photo, Marilyn Monroe poses over the updraft of New York subway grating while in character for the filming of \"The Seven Year Itch\" in Manhattan. The former Norma Jean Baker modeled and starred in 28 movies grossing $200 million. Sensual and seductive, but with an air of innocence, Monroe became one of the world's most adored sex symbols.", "Marilyn Monroe was a popular \"sex symbol\" movie star. She was married to baseball hero Joe Dimaggio and later author Arthur Miller. She also was rumored to have relationships with President John F. Kennedy and Robert Kennedy, as well as mafia boss Joe Gianconna. She died under suspicious circumstances.", "Four decades after her death, Marilyn Monroe remains a major cultural icon. The unknown details of her final performance only add to her mystique.", "American actress Marilyn Monroe (Norma Jean Mortenson or Norma Jean Baker, 1926 – 1962). (Photo by Baron/Getty Images) 1954", "The Hollywood screen star Marilyn Monroe has divorced her husband, playwright Arthur Miller, after less than five years of marriage.", "American film star Marilyn Monroe (Norma Jean Mortenson or Norma Jean Baker, 1926 - 1962). (Photo by Keystone Features/Getty Images)", "American actress Marilyn Monroe (Norma Jean Mortenson or Norma Jean Baker, 1926 - 1962). (Photo by Baron/Getty Images)", "American actress Marilyn Monroe stands between Robert Kennedy (left) and John F. Kennedy in a private moment after the May 19, 1962 performance. ", "Marilyn Monroe leans against her fiance, playwright Arthur Miller, as he kisses her at her New York apartment house June 22, 1956.", "Reasons for the divorce include their different careers posing a problem as well as DiMaggio, the former New Yankees star, being tired of publicity while Monroe thrived on it. Despite their differences, the two national icons will remain friends. Monroe will commit suicide in 1963, and DiMaggio will have flowers laid at her grave three times a week for 20 years." ]

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[ "Leon Beiderbecke, known throughout his life as Bix (a corruption of his middle name, Bismark), was born in Davenport, Iowa. His mother played church organ and encouraged her son to pick out melodies on the family piano. Bix took a few lessons but relied on his exceptional musical ear. The piano influenced his harmonic thinking as he started on cornet (here, he was entirely self-taught), and he never abandoned it: he auditioned for the musicians’ union as a pianist and composed his most ambitious music for piano, specifically four short pieces (“In a Mist” is the most accomplished) that have been much adapted and orchestrated.", "Leon Bismark “Bix” Beiderbecke (March 10, 1903 – August 6, 1931) was an American  jazz   cornetist ,  jazz pianist , and composer.", "Bix Beiderbecke Leon \"Bix\" Beiderbecke (1903-1931) is considered the first great white jazz performer. As a youngster, Bix studied piano, but he soon made the switch to cornet. Growing up in Davenport, Iowa, Beiderbecke's earliest exposure to jazz came from phonograph records. The allure of the music—and the lifestyle of jazz musicians— drew Bix to Chicago, even before he could graduate from the military high school near Chicago where his parents had sent him. The tragic brevity of his life is the stuff of legends. His career as a musician would take him in fairly short order from Chicago to St. Louis to New York, where he would eventually drink himself to death at age 28. Largely self-taught on the cornet, Beiderbecke developed a unique set of fingerings that imbued his horn with a distinctive timbre. Never a good sight-reader, he had a superb ear and a keen appreciation for modern classical music, especially the French Impressionism of Debussy and Ravel, as well as the Russian modernism of", "At the beginning of the 21st century, Beiderbecke's music continues to reside mostly out of the mainstream and some of the facts of his life are still debated, but scholars largely agree—due in part to the influence of Sudhalter and Evans—that he was an important innovator in early jazz; jazz cornetists, including Sudhalter (before his death in 2008), and Tom Pletcher, closely emulate his style. In 2003, to mark the hundredth anniversary of his birth, the Greater Astoria Historical Society and other community organizations, spearheaded by Paul Maringelli and The Bix Beiderbecke Sunnyside Memorial Committee, erected a plaque in Beiderbecke's honor at the apartment building in which he died in Queens. That same year, Frederick Turner published his novel 1929, which followed the facts of Beiderbecke's life fairly closely, focusing on his summer in Hollywood and featuring appearances by Al Capone and Clara Bow. The critic and musician Digby Fairweather sums up Beiderbecke's musical legacy, arguing that \"with Louis Armstrong, Bix Beiderbecke was the most striking of jazz's cornet (and of course, trumpet) fathers; a player who first captivated his 1920s generation and after his premature death, founded a dynasty of distinguished followers beginning with Jimmy McPartland and moving on down from there.\" ", "Leon Bismark \"Bix\" Beiderbecke (March 10, 1903 -- August 6, 1931) was an American jazz cornetist, jazz pianist, and composer. A native of Davenport, Iowa.", "At the beginning of the 21st century, Beiderbecke’s music continues to reside mostly out of the mainstream and some of the facts of his life are still debated, but scholars largely agree—due in part to the influence of Sudhalter and Evans—that he was an important innovator in early jazz; jazz cornetists, including Sudhalter (before his death in 2008), and Tom Pletcher, closely emulate his style. In 2003, to mark the hundredth anniversary of his birth, the  Greater Astoria Historical Society  and other community organizations, spearheaded by Paul Maringelli and The Bix Beiderbecke Sunnyside Memorial Committee, erected a plaque in Beiderbecke’s honor at the apartment building in which he died in Queens. [97]  That same year, Frederick Turner published his novel 1929, which followed the facts of Beiderbecke’s life fairly closely, focusing on his summer in Hollywood and featuring appearances by  Al Capone  and  Clara Bow . The critic and musician  Digby Fairweather  sums up Beiderbecke’s musical legacy, arguing that “with Louis Armstrong, Bix Beiderbecke was the most striking of jazz’s cornet (and of course, trumpet) fathers; a player who first captivated his 1920s generation and after his premature death, founded a dynasty of distinguished followers beginning with Jimmy McPartland and moving on down from there.”", "Beiderbecke was a bit of a child prodigy, picking out tunes on the piano when he was three. While he had conventional training on the piano, he taught himself the cornet. Influenced by the original Dixieland Jazz Band, Beiderbecke craved the freedom of jazz but his straight-laced parents felt he was being frivolous. He was sent to Lake Forest Military Academy in 1921 but, by coincidence, it was located fairly close to Chicago, the center of jazz at the time. Beiderbecke was eventually expelled he missed so many classes. After a brief period at home he became a full-time musician. In 1923, Beiderbecke became the star cornetist of the Wolverines and a year later this spirited group made some classic recordings.", "As he grew older he would go down to the Mississippi River to listen to the jazz music that could be heard playing on the riverboats. He heard Louis Armstrong play for the first time on one of the boats. He would also stow away and play the calliopes on the boats. His older brother Charles brought home record albums when he returned from serving in World War I that featured the music of the Original Dixieland Jazz Band. Bix was drawn to the sound of the band’s trumpet player Nick LaRocca. Beiderbecke had bought a second-hand cornet when he was 15, and he would slow the turntable down and learn the trumpet lines note-by-note. He played his first public performance at a vaudeville show at Davenport High School gym. He went on to perform with Neal Buckley’s Novelty Orchestra and the Plantation Jazz Orchestra on the stern-wheeler Majestic.", "When his brother Burnie returned to Davenport at the end of 1918 after serving stateside during World War I, he brought with him a Victrola  phonograph machine and several records, including “ Tiger Rag ” and “Skeleton Jangle” by the  Original Dixieland Jazz Band . From these records Bix Beiderbecke first learned to love hot jazz; he taught himself to play cornet by listening to  Nick LaRocca ‘s horn lines. Beiderbecke also listened to jazz music off the riverboats that docked in downtown Davenport. Louis Armstrong and the drummer Baby Dodds  claimed to have met Beiderbecke when their New Orleans-based excursion boat stopped in Davenport.  Historians disagree over whether that is true.", "Beiderbecke plays piano on his recordings \"Big Boy\" (October 8, 1924), \"For No Reason at All in C\" (May 13, 1927), \"Wringin' and Twistin'\" (September 17, 1927)—all with ensembles—and his only solo recorded work, \"In a Mist\" (September 8, 1927). Critic Frank Murphy argues that many of the same characteristics that mark Beiderbecke on the cornet mark him on the keyboard: the uncharacteristic fingering, the emphasis on inventive harmonies, and the correlated choruses. Those inventive harmonies, on both cornet and piano, eventually helped point the way to bebop, which abandoned melody almost entirely. ", "Beiderbecke joined the Wolverine Orchestra late in 1923, and the seven-man group first played a speakeasy called the Stockton Club near Hamilton, Ohio. Specializing in hot jazz and recoiling from so-called sweet music, the band took its name from one of its most frequent numbers, Jelly Roll Morton's \"Wolverine Blues.\" During this time, Beiderbecke also took piano lessons from a young woman who introduced him to the works of Eastwood Lane. Lane's piano suites and orchestral arrangements were both self-consciously American and influenced by the French Impressionists, and it is said to have greatly influenced Beiderbecke's style, especially on \"In a Mist.\" A subsequent gig at Doyle's Dance Academy in Cincinnati became the occasion for a series of band and individual photographs that resulted in the most famous image of Beiderbecke—sitting fresh-faced, his hair perfectly combed, his horn resting on his right knee. ", "I have to give Bix Beiderbecke his due credit — he tried to strike a new style...many of the licks that Bix made I showed him. He came to me as a schoolboy. When he was seventeen years of age, he ran away from home.... At the time there was only one jazz band he liked.... I brought him to my place and he’d play my cornet all day, play on the cornet, asked me to show him different things, which I did. I kept him there a week. And the boys in the band told me, “Nick, you’re doing the wrong thing, you’re harboring a minor, you’re liable to get in trouble. You understand, you better send that kid back home.” So I got him, put him on a train, paid my own money for it, sent him back to Davenport where he lived. 1923 he comes again. This time he plays pretty, he’s playing good cornet.” [11]", "When his brother Burnie returned to Davenport at the end of 1918 after serving stateside during World War I, he brought with him a Victrola phonograph and several records, including \"Tiger Rag\" and \"Skeleton Jangle\" by the Original Dixieland Jazz Band. From these records, Bix first learned to love hot jazz; he taught himself to play cornet by listening to Nick LaRocca's horn lines. Beiderbecke also listened to jazz music off the riverboats that docked in downtown Davenport. Louis Armstrong and the drummer Baby Dodds claimed to have met Beiderbecke when their New-Orleans-based excursion boat stopped in Davenport. Historians disagree over whether that is true. ", "Beiderbecke's first band, \"The Wolverines\" took their inspiration from the New Orleans jazz style. Bix's music at the time only hinted at his overall genius with a trumpet in his hand.", "Two years earlier, Beiderbecke had influenced another Carmichael standard, \"Star Dust\". A Beiderbecke riff caught in Carmichael's head and became the tune's chorus. Bing Crosby, who sang with Whiteman, also cited Beiderbecke as an important influence. \"Bix and all the rest would play and exchange ideas on the piano,\" he said.", "�young man with a horn�: jazz cornetist: groups: Wolverine Orchestra: Fidgety Feet, Jazz Me Blues; Bix Beiderbecke and His Rhythm Jugglers: Davenport Blues; Charlie Straight Orchestra; Breeze Blowers; Jean Goldkette Orchestra; Frankie Trumbauer and his Orchestra: Singin� the Blues, Clarinet Marmalade, Clementine; Bix Beiderbecke and His Gang: At the Jazz Band Ball, Royal Garden Blues; Adrian Rollini and the New Yorkers; Paul Whiteman Orchestra: From Monday On, China Boy, Oh, Miss Hannah; jazz pianist: In A Mist, Candlelights, Flashes, In the Dark; died Aug 6, 1931", "Beiderbecke's cornet style is often described by contrasting it with Armstrong's markedly different approach. Armstrong was a virtuoso on his instrument, and his solos often took advantage of that fact. Beiderbecke was largely, although not completely, self-taught, and the constraints imposed by that fact were evident in his music. While Armstrong often soared into the upper register, Beiderbecke stayed in the middle range, more interested in exploring the melody and harmonies than in dazzling the audience. Armstrong often emphasized the performance aspect of his playing, while Beiderbecke tended to stare at his feet while playing, uninterested in personally engaging his listeners. Armstrong was deeply influenced by the blues, while Beiderbecke was influenced as much by modernist composers such as Debussy and Ravel as by his fellow jazzmen. ", "Mezzrow described Beiderbecke's tone as being \"pickled in alcohol […] I have never heard a tone like he got before or since. He played mostly open horn, every note full, big, rich and round, standing out like a pearl, loud but never irritating or jangling, with a powerful drive that few white musicians had in those days.\" ", "Saxophonist Frankie Trumbauer and cornetist Bix Beiderbecke created some of the most significant jazz recordings of the 1920s, works still noted for their beauty and influence on fellow musicians. Traumbauer and Beiderbecke had previously worked together in the orchestras of Jean Goldkette, Adrian Rollini and Paul Whiteman. Together with guitarist Eddie Lang and other members of the ensemble, Trumbauer and Beiderbecke recorded \"Singin' the Blues,\" which contains one of Beiderbecke's greatest solos. Selected for the 2005 registry.", "Leon Bismark \"Bix\" Beiderbecke, was born on March 10, 1903 with an ear for music. He played by ear, never learning how to read music. His parents were concerned with his interest in jazz at an early age, choosing to send him to a boy's academy close to Chicago.", "A great symbol of the Jazz Age, Bix Beiderbecke was one of the era’s most influential soloists, and remains one of jazz music’s most enduring and colorful personalities. ", "Where Armstrong emphasized showmanship and virtuosity, Beiderbecke emphasized melody, even when improvising, and—different from Armstrong and contrary to how the Bix Beiderbecke of legend would be portrayed—he rarely strayed into the upper reaches of the register.   Paul Mares  of the New Orleans Rhythm Kings insisted that Beiderbecke’s chief influence was the New Orleans cornetist  Emmett Hardy , who died in 1925 at the age of 23.  Indeed, Beiderbecke had met Hardy and the clarinetist  Leon Roppolo  in Davenport in 1921 when the two joined a local band and played in town for three months. Beiderbecke apparently spent time with them, but the degree to which Hardy’s style influenced Beiderbecke’s is difficult to know because Hardy never recorded.  In some respects, Beiderbecke’s playing was sui generis,  but he nevertheless listened to and studied the music around him: from Armstrong and  Joe “King” Oliver  to the Original Dixieland Jazz Band and the New Orleans Rhythm Kings to  Claude Debussy  and  Maurice Ravel .", "One understandably prefers to think of Beiderbecke as Louis Armstrong remembered him late in life. “The first time I heard Bix,” he recalled, “I said these words to myself: there's a man as serious about his music as I am.” This tribute from one great artist to another cuts all the way through legend to the irreducible core of fact. Pitiful as a personality, unknowable as a man, Beiderbecke was for a brief time capable of playing jazz with such individuality that his only true peer knew his worth on the spot.", "Beiderbecke's “cool” lyricism was seen by his contemporaries as an alternative to Armstrong's “hot,” extroverted virtuosity. He and Trumbauer would wield great influence on musicians of similarly lyrical inclination, including the white trumpeters Bunny Berigan and Bobby Hackett and such noted black players as Rex Stewart and the tenor saxophonist Lester Young. But working with the Whiteman band had also introduced Beiderbecke to a wider range of musical possibilities—among other things, he played on the first recording of George Gershwin's Concerto in F—and he was becoming increasingly preoccupied with composition at the time of his death in 1931.", "Bix played a number and after I heard him I knew we had nothing to worry about. It wasn’t Bix’s fault; it was the accompaniment from the other band who knew nothing about his music. With his own band, Bix Beiderbecke was a star. They used to make good records, but it wasn’t Dixieland.... [It didn’t have that beat.]” [26]", "For the full story, Bix: Man & Legend is a remarkably detailed book. Beiderbecke's recordings (even the obscure ones) are continually in print, for his followers believe that every note he played was special. Scott Yanow All Music Guide", "* 1971, Bix Beiderbecke Memorial Society established in Davenport, Iowa; founded annual jazz festival and scholarship ", "Beiderbecke made his first recordings 21 months before Armstrong recorded as a leader with the Hot Five. Beiderbecke's style was very different from that of Louis Armstrong according to The Oxford Companion to Jazz:", "Beiderbecke made his first recordings 21 months before Armstrong recorded as a leader with the  Hot Five .  Beiderbecke’s style was very different from that of Louis Armstrong according to The Oxford Companion to Jazz:", "..... Click the link for more information. , Franz Peter; musicians, e.g., Beiderbecke, Bix Beiderbecke, Bix", "With Whiteman, Beiderbecke's solos tended to be short moments of magic, sometimes in odd settings; his brilliant chorus on \"Sweet Sue\" is a perfect example. He was productive throughout 1928, but by the following year his drinking really began to catch up with him. Beiderbecke had a breakdown, made a comeback, and then in September 1929 was reluctantly sent back to Davenport to recover. Unfortunately, Beiderbecke made a few sad records in 1930 before his death at age 28. The bad liquor of the Prohibition era did him in.", "With Whiteman, Beiderbecke's solos tended to be short moments of magic, sometimes in odd settings; his brilliant chorus on \"Sweet Sue\" is a perfect example. He was productive throughout 1928, but by the following year his drinking really began to catch up with him. Beiderbecke had a breakdown, made a comeback, and then in September 1929 was reluctantly sent back to Davenport to recover. Unfortunately, Beiderbecke made a few sad records in 1930 before his death at age 28. The bad liquor of the Prohibition era did him in." ]

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[ "Bhumibol Adulyadej (Thai: ภูมิพลอดุลยเดช; RTGS: Phumiphon Adunyadet; pronounced [pʰuːmípʰon ʔàdunjádèːt] ( listen ); see full title below; born 5 December 1927) is the reigning King of Thailand . He is known as Rama IX. Having reigned since 9 June 1946, he is the world's longest-serving current head of state and the longest-reigning monarch in Thai history.[1]", "Bhumbibol Adulyadej is a famous person from Thailand.  He has been the king of Thailand since 1946.   ", "Bhumibol Adulyadej (pōˈmēpôlˌ ädŏlˈyädĕtˌ) [ key ], 1927–, king of Thailand (1946–), b. Cambridge, Mass. A member of the Chakri dynasty, he was at school in Switzerland when his brother, King Ananda Mahidol, died (1946) under mysterious circumstances. Bhumibol ruled with a regent until 1950, when he was formally crowned Rama IX. The longest-ruling monarch in Thailand's history, in 2000 he also became longest-reigning ruler in the world. He has enjoyed great popular support although his power is largely ceremonial. The king has actively promoted development projects and has been generally a stabilizing force in the country's turbulent politics, intervening several times to resolve governmental crises or criticize government leaders. His displeasure with the government of Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra partially contributed to the coup that ousted Thaksin, and the king subsequently gave his approval to the coup and new government. The king's name also appears as Phumiphen.", "Bhumibol was crowned King of Thailand on 5 May 1950 at the Royal Palace in Bangkok where he pledged that he would \"reign with righteousness for the benefit and happiness of the Siamese people\" (\"เราจะครองแผ่นดินโดยธรรม เพื่อประโยชน์สุขแห่งมหาชนชาวสยาม\").[23] Notable elements associated with the coronation included the Bahadrabith Throne beneath the Great White Umbrella of State; and he was presented with the royal regalia and utensils.[24]", "Bhumibol was crowned King of Thailand on 5 May 1950 at the Royal Palace in Bangkok where he pledged that he would \"reign with righteousness for the benefit and happiness of the Siamese people\" (\"เราจะครองแผ่นดินโดยธรรม เพื่อประโยชน์สุขแห่งมหาชนชาวสยาม\"). [24] Notable elements associated with the coronation included the Bahadrabith Throne beneath the Great White Umbrella of State; and he was presented with the royal regalia and utensils. [25]", "In 1950 on Coronation Day, Bhumibol's consort was made Queen (Somdej Phra Boromarajini). The date of his coronation is celebrated each 5 May in Thailand as Coronation Day, a public holiday. On 9 June 2006, Bhumibol celebrated his 60th anniversary as the King of Thailand , becoming the longest reigning monarch in Thai history.", "Bhumibol was crowned King of Thailand on 5 May 1950 at the Royal Palace in Bangkok where he pledged that he would \"reign with righteousness for the benefit and happiness of the Siamese people\" (\"เราจะครองแผ่นดินโดยธรรม เพื่อประโยชน์สุขแห่งมหาชนชาวสยาม\"). Notable elements associated with the coronation included the Bahadrabith Throne beneath the Great White Umbrella of State; and he was presented with the royal regalia and utensils. ", "King Bhumibol Adulyadej was born Monday 5 December 1927 and is the current King and Head of the State of Thailand. Publicly acclaimed “the Great”, he is also known as Rama IX – or the 9th King of the Chakri Dynasty. Having reigned since 9 June 1946, he is the world’s longest-serving current head of state and the longest-serving monarch in Thai history.", "Bhumibol Adulyadej, the king of Thailand, has ruled for 69 years and remains the longest currently reigning monarch in the world.", "A true monarch of the people and guiding light for the whole Thai nation.  Saved Thailand from many crises, dedicated to raising the living standards of the poor, especially in remote regions.  As his reign advances, the growing reverence of the Thai people for their sovereign has become ever more apparent. On May 5, 1987, to mark his then forthcoming 60th birthday, King Bhumibol Adulyadej was proclaimed “the Great” by the prime minister of Thailand. On July 2, 1988, HM King Bhumibol Adulyadej the Great celebrated his record reign – the day on which he had reigned longer than any of his predecessors.  To this day, he remains the longest reigning monarch in the world.", "Thailand is a constitutional monarchy under the beloved king, Bhumibol Adulyadej , who has reigned since 1946. King Bhumibol is the world's longest-serving head of state. Thailand's current Prime Minister is Yingluck Shinawatra, who assumed office as the first ever female in that role on August 5, 2011.", "48. There have been only three Diamond Jubilees of Heads of State celebrated throughout the world during the Queen's reign. King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand celebrated 60 years on the throne in 2006; the former Sultan of Johor (now a part of Malaysia) celebrated his in 1955; and the late Emperor Hirohito of Japan celebrated his in 1986.", "The Chief of State is King Bhumibol Adulyadej, who has been king since June 9, 1946. He is the longest reigning head of state currently in office, and the longest reigning monarch Thailand has had.", "The current monarch of Thailand is Bhumibol Adulyadej. The king has reigned since the death of his older brother Ananda Mahidol on 9 June 1946, making him the world's longest reigning current monarch and the world's longest serving head of state. King Bhumibol is not just a symbolic figurehead but possesses some powers, such as being the prerogative of royal assent and the power of pardon. King Bhumibol is loved and revered by most Thai people and is protected by lèse majesté laws.", "HM King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand. Paintings by his Majesty the King: Special exhibition for the Rattanakosin Bicentennial Celebration at the National Gallery, Chao Fa Road, Bangkok, 1 April – 30 June 1982. National Gallery, Bangkok. 1982. ASIN B0007CCDMO", "Bhumibol Adulyadej (Q855252) From Wikidata. Jump to: navigation, search. King of Thailand. Rama IX; edit. Language Label Description Also known as; English:", "^ Rattanasengchanh, Phimmasone M. (2012). Thailand’s Second Triumvirate: Sarit Thanarat and the military, King Bhumibol Adulyadej and the monarchy and the United States. 1957-1963 (Masters). University of Washington .", "Born near Boston in 1927, where his father Prince Mahidol was studying medicine at Harvard, Bhumibol returned to Thailand in 1950, from his own studies in Switzerland, to be crowned Rama IX.", "Thai King Bhumibol Adulyadej arrives at Siriraj Hospital after he marks the 60th anniversary of his coronation at the Grand Palace on May 5, 2010 in Bangkok, Thailand.  (Athit Perawongmetha / GETTY IMAGES file photo)  ", "From outside of Thailand, King Bhumibol looks very much like other modern kings - quiet, dignified, with plenty of hobbies to fill his free time. However, to the Thai people he is quasi-divine, the Buddhist \"Dharmaraja\" and an avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu . As such, he is protected by strict laws of lese majeste .", "Born in 5th December, 1927 and at current age approx. 80 years old, His Majesty King of Thailand had his Coronation held back in 6th May, 1950 and is the current world's longest-serving monarch in the world. However, not many people would know the King was actually born in Massachusetts, US and educated primarily in Switzerland. The King has implemented many Royally-initiated projects to look after the poor and underdeveloped remote regions in Thailand over the last few decades. He even had gave up living in luxuriously decorated Royal Palace and converted converted royal garden in the premises as a agricultural research centre. One known favorite residence of His Majesty was a simple 2 storeyed beach front wooden pavilion, Maruekatayawan Palace which is located in a small seaside town of Hua Hin. During recent years, due to old age related issues, the King is spending most of this time there", "King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, on 5 December 1927, younger son of Their Royal Highnesses Prince Mahidol of Songkla and the Princess Mother (formerly Miss Sangwal Talapat), and is the direct grandson of His Majesty King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) and Queen Savang. His Majesty the King has one older sister, Her Royal Highness Princess Galayani Vadhana of Naradhivas, and one older brother, His Majesty the late King Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII).", "He was born at the Mount Auburn Hospital in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in the United States on 5 December 1927.[15] He was the younger son of HRH Prince Mahidol Adulyadej and Mom Sangwan (later HRH Princess Srinagarindra, the Princess Mother: Somdet Phra Si Nakharinthra Boromaratchachonnani). His name, Bhumibol Adulyadej, means \"Strength of the Land, Incomparable Power\".[16] His father was enrolled in the Public Health program at Harvard University, hence his unusual place of birth for a monarch.", "Bhumibol was born at Cambridge Hospital (now Mount Auburn Hospital) in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in the United States, on 5 December 1927. He was the youngest son of HRH Prince Mahidol Adulyadej, the Prince of Songkla, and his commoner wife Mom Sangwan (later HRH Princess Srinagarindra, the Princess Mother). His U.S. birth certificate reads simply \"Baby Songkla\", as the parents had to consult his uncle, King Rama VII (Prajadhipok), then head of the House of Chakri, for an auspicious name. The king chose Bhumibol Adulyadej, meaning \"strength of the land, incomparable power\" (from Sanskrit भूमिबल अतुल्यतेज, bhūmibala atulyatēja). His father was enrolled in the public health program at Harvard University, which explains his being the only monarch to be born in the US.:46-47 Bhumibol had an elder sister, Princess Galyani Vadhana, and an elder brother, Prince Ananda Mahidol.", "On December 5, 1927, a Thai princess gave birth to a son named Bhumibol Adulyadej (\"Strength of the Land, Incomparable Power\") in a Cambridge, Massachusetts hospital. The family was in the United States because the child's father, Prince Mahidol, was studying for a Public Health certificate at Harvard University . His mother studied nursing at Simmons College . The boy was the second son for Prince Mahidol and Princess Srinagarindra.", "He succeeded former King Bhumibol Adulyadej, the world's longest reigning monarch, who died on 13 October 2016.", "Bhumibol was born at Cambridge Hospital (now Mount Auburn Hospital) in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in the United States, on 5 December 1927. He was the ...", "Despite criticisms of the sort that are sure to attach to most world leaders, the king indeed seems to be very much loved by his people, and Jones believes that he is probably the world’s “hardest working monarch.” King Bhumibol is a sportsman and an artist but doesn’t allow those pursuits to interfere with his civic and royal duties. He is the only reigning monarch to win a medal at an international sporting event—a gold medal for sailing at the Southeast Asian Peninsular Games. Jones records that he was also chosen as an honorary member of the Academy for Music and Performing Arts in Vienna, Austria, in 1964 and was the first Asian ever to be so honored for his music. His composition, “Blue Night,” was featured in a 1950 Broadway production of Peepshow. ", "The current head of the house is King Maha Vajiralongkorn who was proclaimed king on 1 December 2016, but has actually reigned with retroactive effect since 13 October 2016 after the death of King Bhumibol Adulyadej . The house’s current dynastic seat is the Grand Palace in Bangkok.", "Biography of His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej. His Majesty the King was born on Monday the 5th of December 1927, at Mount Auburn Hospital, in Cambridge ...", "Bhumibol was born at Cambridge Hospital (now Mount Auburn Hospital) in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in the United States, on 5 December 1927.", "In June of 1995 the respected periodical Asiaweek praised him at the top of their list of 20 great Asians, saying that Bhumibol “has continued to look out for the good of even the lowest in the kingdom. He influences politics without being political. In doing so, he has made an ancient monarchy into a crucial component of a progressive and prosperous democracy.” " ]

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[ "Bernstein composed for the film On the Waterfront, and for classical orchestra. He wrote a Mass (1971) in memory of J. F. Kennedy. He helped to popularize classical music in the United States with his conducting showmanship. Bernstein received Kennedy Center Honors in 1980.", "In 1971, Leonard Bernstein, a Jew, wrote a Catholic mass of sorts. An audacious theatrical interpretation of the liturgy that was commissioned in memory of JFK to open the Kennedy Center in Washington, \"Mass\" is an impudent stylistic brew that combines rock, 12-tone music and Broadway. At its center is a hippie celebrant who confronts God and society; on its edges are provocative excursions into Buddhism and Judaism. The Kennedys were aghast; Nixon, who was president at the time, stayed home.", "art and popular vernaculars and not confined by stylistic boundaries. He did this long before crossover became trendy. The work embraces a range of genres from musical theater and opera to rock ballads and blues, with a libretto that mixes Hebrew and Latin texts. Bernstein was commissioned to write a work memorializing the late John F. Kennedy, America’s first and only Catholic president, for the opening of the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in 1971. He chose the structure of the Roman Catholic Mass, complete with a Celebrant playing the central role. Provocative and innovative to some, appalling to others, Mass is first and foremost a celebration of human faith, but it also questions the relevance of ceremonial rituals and immutable “truths” in an increasingly faithless modern world.Audiences leapt to their feet at the premiere, reacting to a work that felt so anti-establishment and real. Today, 37 years after its world premiere, Mass seems even more vital and relevant. Political volatility, an unpopular war seemingly", "In 1970 Bernstein wrote and narrated a ninety-minute program filmed on location in and around Vienna as a celebration of Beethoven's 200th birthday. It featured parts of Bernstein's rehearsals and performance for the Otto Schenk production of Fidelio , Bernstein playing the 1st piano concerto and the Ninth Symphony with the Vienna Philharmonic and the young Plácido Domingo amongst the soloists. The program was first telecast in 1970 on Austrian and British television, and then on CBS in the U.S. on Christmas Eve 1971. The show, originally entitled Beethoven's Birthday: A Celebration in Vienna, won an Emmy and was issued on DVD in 2005. In the summer of 1970, during the Festival of London, he conducted Verdi's Requiem Mass in St. Paul's Cathedral, with the London Symphony Orchestra.", "In 1962 the New York Philharmonic moved from Carnegie Hall to Philharmonic Hall (now David Geffen Hall) in the new Lincoln Center. The move was not without controversy because of acoustic problems with the new hall. Bernstein conducted the gala opening concert featuring vocal works by Mahler, Beethoven and Vaughan Williams, and the premiere of Aaron Copland's Connotations, a serial-work that was merely politely received. During the intermission Bernstein kissed the cheek of the President's wife Jacqueline Kennedy, a break with protocol that was commented on at the time. In 1961 Bernstein had conducted at President John F. Kennedy's pre-inaugural gala, and he was an occasional guest in the Kennedy White House. He also conducted at the funeral mass in 1968 for the late President Kennedy's brother Robert Kennedy.", "Inspired by his Jewish heritage, Bernstein completed his first large-scale work: Symphony No. 1: \"Jeremiah.\" (1943). The piece was first performed with the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra in 1944, conducted by the composer, and received the New York Music Critics' Award.�Koussevitzky�premiered Bernstein's Symphony No. 2: \"The Age of Anxiety\" with the Boston Symphony Orchestra, Bernstein as piano soloist. His Symphony No. 3: \"Kaddish,\" composed in 1963, was premiered by the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra. \"Kaddish\" is dedicated \"To the Beloved Memory of John F. Kennedy.\"", "Written for the 1971 opening of the Kennedy Center in Washington, Mass is the biggest, boldest, most sprawling piece Bernstein ever wrote, and among his most neglected. Only now is it having its first full performances by the Philadelphia Orchestra, Thursday through Sunday at the Kimmel Center.", "Leonard Bernstein (; August 25, 1918 – October 14, 1990) was an American composer, conductor, author, music lecturer, and pianist. He was among the first conductors born and educated in the US to receive worldwide acclaim. According to music critic Donal Henahan, he was \"one of the most prodigiously talented and successful musicians in American history.\"", "While Bernstein's conducting repertoire encompassed the standard literature, he may be best remembered for his performances and recordings of Haydn, Beethoven, Brahms, Schumann,�Sibelius�and Mahler. Particularly notable were his performances of the Mahler symphonies with the New York Philharmonic in the�1960s, sparking a renewed interest in the works of Mahler.", "The Gloria attempts to recapture the earlier joy with the bongo-driven \"Gloria tibi,\" a vivacious call-and-response anthem for the Celebrant and the children's choir. The adult choir brings in the \"Gloria in excelsis,\" a rhythmically chanted rumble of abrupt harmonic and dynamic contrasts. The Street Chorus continues this music with another trope, \"Half the People,\" on a four-line lyric Paul Simon gave Bernstein as a Christmas present. This sarcastically opposes the liturgical Gloria with the \"Glorious Living\" (not part of Simon's lyric) of contemporary life. The second trope of this section, \"Thank You,\" is a quiet reverie on lost grace for solo soprano. The second orchestral Meditation darkens this rumination with fresh layers of musical doubt, based on the nearly atonal passage Beethoven wrote in his Ninth Symphony for the phrase \"Ihr stürtzt nieder, Millionen?\" (Do you bow down, O millions?), questioning the absence of reverence.", "After stepping down from the New York Philharmonic, Bernstein continued to appear with them in most years until his death, and he toured with them to Europe in 1976 and to Asia in 1979. He also strengthened his relationship with the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra – he conducted all nine completed Mahler symphonies with them (plus the adagio from the 10th) in the period from 1967 to 1976. All of these were filmed for Unitel with the exception of the 1967 Mahler 2nd, which instead Bernstein filmed with the London Symphony Orchestra in Ely Cathedral in 1973. In the late 1970s Bernstein conducted a complete Beethoven symphony cycle with the Vienna Philharmonic, and cycles of Brahms and Schumann were to follow in the 1980s. Other orchestras he conducted on numerous occasions in the 1970s include the Israel Philharmonic, the Orchestre National de France, and the Boston Symphony Orchestra.", "Leonard Bernstein Mass: A Theatre Piece for Singers, Players and Dancers Text from the Liturgy of the Roman Mass Additional Texts by Stephen Schwartz and Leonard Bernstein", "MASS “A Theatre Piece For Singers, Players and Dancers” Text from the Liturgy of the Roman Mass Additional Texts by Stephen Schwartz and Leonard Bernstein", "In 1971 Mass: A Theatre Piece for Singers, Players and Dancers premiered at the Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C. It was, according to biographer Humphrey Burton, \"the closest [Bernstein] ever came to achieving a synthesis [blending together] between Broadway and the concert hall.\" The huge cast performed songs in styles ranging from rock to blues to gospel. Mass debuted on Broadway later that year.", "Bernstein was a visiting music professor from 1951 to 1956 at Brandeis University, and he founded the Creative Arts Festival there in 1952. [ 25] He conducted various productions at the first festival, including the premiere of his opera Trouble in Tahiti and Blitzstein’s English version of Kurt Weill’s Threepenny Opera . The festival was named after him in 2005, becoming the Leonard Bernstein Festival of the Creative Arts. In 1953 he was the first American conductor to appear at La Scala in Milan, conducting Maria Callas in Cherubini’s Medea. That same year, he produced his score to the musical Wonderful Town at very short notice, working again with his old friends Comden and Green, who wrote the lyrics.", "But it was Tourel's association with Leonard Bernstein that proved most fruitful. The partnership began in 1942 with Bernstein taking the role of piano accompanist to Tourel in recitals, and lasted until she died. Their connection went beyond music; they shared many common interests, and greatly enjoyed hosting loud parties with hundreds in attendance. Tourel premiered Bernstein 's Jeremiah Symphony under the composer in Pittsburgh in 1944, and also sang at the premiere of his third symphony, \"Kaddish,\" in Tel Aviv in 1963. Several of Bernstein 's songs were written for her, including \"I Hate Music\" (1943). Among the many recordings Tourel made with Bernstein functioning both as piano accompanist and conductor were those of Mussorgsky 's Songs and Dances of Death, Berlioz 's La Mort de Cléopâtre, Ravel 's Shéhérazade, and their 1962 recording of the Mahler \"Resurrection\" Symphony.", "Nézet-Séguin's musical focus could yield important differences from past perceptions. Some sections of Mass seem to hammer home the same, often-sardonic point again and again. Says the conductor, \"Bernstein felt very strongly about the length and structure of the work and refused to make cuts. In studying the piece, one understands why. .... For example, the extended sequence around 'Dona Nobis Pacem' is repetitive with a clear purpose. It builds and builds into a shattering point.\"", "Lloyd Webber wrote a Requiem Mass dedicated to his father, William, who had died in 1982. It premiered at St. Thomas Church in New York on 25 February 1985. Church music had been a part of the composer's upbringing and the composition was inspired by an article he had read about the plight of Cambodian orphans. Lloyd Webber had on a number of occasions written sacred music for the annual Sydmonton Festival . [10] Lloyd Webber received a Grammy Award in 1986 for Requiem in the category of best classical composition. Pie Jesu from Requiem achieved a high placing on the UK pop charts.", "In 1994, he participated in the historic Papal Concert to Commemorate the Shoah at the Vatican in the presence of Pope John Paul II, Rav Elio Toaf, chief rabbi of Rome, and Oscar Luigi Scalfaro, President of the Italian Republic. He recited Kaddish as part of a performance of Leonard Bernstein's Third Symphony with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra under the baton of Gilbert Levine. The event was broadcast worldwide.", "Leonard Bernstein was the first American conductor to achieve international fame for his talents, and many fans of classical music continue to consider him one of the greatest conductors of the last century. Born in 1918 in Lawrence, Massachusetts, Bernstein led a dazzling career that lasted until his death in New York City in 1990. His superlative musicianship – he was also a renowned composer and a noted pianist – and flamboyant style at the podium drew audiences to many of his performances around the world.", "Birthday - American conductor and composer Leonard Bernstein (1918-1990) was born in Lawrence, Massachusetts. Considered one of the finest conductors in American music history, his works included West Side Story, On the Town, and the opera Candide.", "Leonard Bernstein (conductor/composer/musician) -- Dead. Heart attack/pulmonary failure. Died October 14, 1990. Born August 25, 1918. \"Chichester Psalms,\" West Side Story.   IMDb", "Lloyd Webber wrote a Requiem Mass dedicated to his father, William, who had died in 1982. It premiered at St. Thomas Church in New York on 24 February 1985. Church music had been a part of the composer's upbringing and the composition was inspired by an article he had read about the plight of Cambodian orphans. Lloyd Webber had on a number of occasions written sacred music for the annual Sydmonton Festival. Lloyd Webber received a Grammy Award in 1986 for Requiem in the category of best classical composition. Pie Jesu from Requiem achieved a high placing on the UK pop charts.", "1972 - Premiere of Leonard Bernstein's Meditations Nos. 1 and 2 for Cello and Piano. Stephen Katz played cello and Bernstein played piano.", "Prior to the occasion of performing for His Holiness Pope Francis during the World Meeting of Families—Philadelphia 2015, The Philadelphia Orchestra has regularly been called upon to perform on the world’s stage. In 1973, at the request of President Richard Nixon, the Philadelphians became the first American orchestra to perform in China, representing a bridge for cultural, education, and diplomatic exchange between the People’s Republic and the United States; in September 2014, the Orchestra and Music Director Yannick Nézet-Séguin performed on the Occasion of the 69th Session of the United Nations General Assembly in New York; and throughout moments of great triumph and tragedy, has supported the people of Philadelphia with the gift of music.", "Bernstein \"was the most famous and successful nativeborn figure in the history of classical music in the USA. As a composer, conductor, pianist and pedagogue he bridged the worlds of the concert hall and musical theatre, creating a rich legacy of recordings, compositions, writings and educational institutions.\" Grove Music Online. \"Of Callas’s artistic pre-eminence there can be no doubt. Among her contemporaries she had the deepest comprehension of the Classical Italian style, the most musical instincts and the most intelligent approach. There was authority in all that she did on the stage and in every phrase that she uttered. Her voice, especially during the early 1950s, was in itself an impressive instrument, with its penetrating individual quality, its rich variety of colour and its great agility in florid music.\" Desmond Shawe-Taylor in Grove Music Online. (23782) $250", "CBS was also responsible for airing the series of Young People's Concerts conducted by Leonard Bernstein. Telecast every few months between 1958 and 1972, first in black-and-white and then broadcast in color beginning in 1966, these programs introduced millions of children to classical music through the eloquent commentaries by Maestro Bernstein. The specials were nominated for several Emmy Awards, and were among the first programs ever broadcast from Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts.", "* Leonard Bernstein conducting the New York Philharmonic Orchestra (three times—1958 and 1975 [CBS/Sony] and 1989 live [DG])", "In October of 1990, Leonard Bernstein died of a cardiac arrest - a complication of mesothelioma from which he suffered during his final years - at his home on West 72nd Street in New York City at the age of 72. He was interred at Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York.", "In 1959, Shostakovich appeared on stage in Moscow at the end of a concert performance of his Fifth Symphony, congratulating Leonard Bernstein and the New York Philharmonic Orchestra for their performance (part of a concert tour of the Soviet Union). Later that year, Bernstein and the New York Philharmonic recorded the symphony in Boston for Columbia Records.", "Written for the concert A Mass of Life , performed on April 5, 2016 at Carnegie Hall.", "Composer, author, conductor, pianist, organist and carilloneur, educated at the Philadelphia Musical Academy, the Mozarteum Academy in Salzburg and Ursinus College, and in private music study with Nadia Boulanger, Igor Stravinsky, Marcel Dupre, and Paul Hindemith. Between 1937 and 1942 he was the chief organist for the Broadstreet Presbyterian Church in Columbus, Ohio, and from 1944 to 1957 he was a pianist and composer for recordings, films, radio and television. He composed the US Treasury radio shows, including the 'American Notebook' series (which won the US Treasury District Service Citation and the Silver Medal) and the US Army radio show 'Sound Off!' (for which he composed the title theme). At the 1958 Brussels World's Fair, the Salzburg Music Festival and at the International Carillon Festival recitals in Cobh, Ireland he played the Schulmerich Carillon Americana Bells. He joined the Composers Guild of America, the American Guild of Organists and, in 1953, ASCAP. He became director of music for Schulmerich Carillons, Incorporated, and associate music director and instructor for the Columbus Boychoir School in Ohio. His popular-instrumental compositions include \"The Yellowstone Suite\" and \"Cranberry Corners, USA\"." ]

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[ "1959 – “ Big Hunk o’ Love ” by Elvis Presley topped the charts.  This is the  Piano  it was actually played on.", "While in Friedberg, Presley met 14-year-old Priscilla Beaulieu . They would eventually marry after a seven-and-a-half-year courtship. [150] In her autobiography, Priscilla says that despite his worries that it would ruin his career, Parker convinced Presley that to gain popular respect, he should serve his country as a regular soldier rather than in Special Services, where he would have been able to give some musical performances and remain in touch with the public. [151] Media reports echoed Presley's concerns about his career, but RCA producer Steve Sholes and Freddy Bienstock of Hill and Range had carefully prepared for his two-year hiatus. Armed with a substantial amount of unreleased material, they kept up a regular stream of successful releases. [152] Between his induction and discharge, Presley had ten top 40 hits, including \" Wear My Ring Around Your Neck \", the best-selling \" Hard Headed Woman \", and \" One Night \" in 1958, and \" (Now and Then There's) A Fool Such as I \" and the number one \" A Big Hunk o' Love \" in 1959. [153] RCA also generated four albums compiling old material during this period, most successfully Elvis' Golden Records (1958), which hit number three on the LP chart. [154]", "After the final sales figures were tallied at the end of 1959, music industry executives announced their list of the Top 10 best-selling recording artists for the entire decade of the 50s. Only one female made the list. Was it Ella Fitzgerald? Patti Page? Rosemary Clooney? Judy Garland? Dinah Shore? Peggy Lee? No – it was Doris Day, whose box-office records and critical acclaim in her concurrent film career seemed to be changing the general public’s perception of her from a singer who could act to an actress who could sing. That may still be the majority view, but many who appreciate popular music, especially the standards in the Great American Songbook, think of Day as a singer first.", "Frank Sinatra, in full Francis Albert Sinatra (born December 12, 1915, Hoboken , New Jersey , U.S.—died May 14, 1998, Los Angeles , California ), American singer and motion-picture actor who, through a long career and a very public personal life, became one of the most sought-after performers in the entertainment industry; he is often hailed as the greatest American singer of 20th-century popular music .", "Roy Harold Scherer, Jr., known professionally as Rock Hudson, was an American film and television actor, recognized as a romantic leading man during the 1950s and 1960s, most notably in several romantic comedies with his most famous co-star, Doris Day. Hudson was voted \"Star of the Year\", \"Favorite Leading Man\", and similar titles by numerous movie magazines. The tall actor was unquestionably one of the most popular and well-known movie stars of the time. He completed nearly 70 motion pictures and starred in several television productions during a career that spanned over four decades. Hudson was also one of the first major Hollywood celebrities to die from an AIDS-related illness.", "Frank Sinatra (December 12, 1915 May 14, 1998) was a very popular American singer and film actor. Beginning his musical career in the swing era as the boy singer with Harry James and Tommy Dorsey, Sinatra found unprecedented success as a solo artist from the early to mid-1940s. His professional career had stalled by the 1950s, but it was reborn in 1953 after he won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in From Here to Eternity. He was a founding member of the \"Rat Pack\" and fraternized with celebrities and statesmen, including John F. Kennedy.", "Fifties icon Doris Day was born on this date in 1924. Day enjoyed a dual role as an actress (in the likes of 'Pillow Talk') and as a singer with such hits as 'Whatever Will Be Will Be'. Perhaps only Marilyn Monroe and then the emergence of Connie Francis could rival Doris Day's billing as the most prominent female in American show-business in the 1950s. Although many will argue in favour of 'Que Sera Sera', I suggest that the beautiful 'Secret Love' is the popular lady's finest recording. Taken from the soundtrack of her starring role in 'Calamity Jane', this smash hit occupied eight weeks at the top of the British singles chart at a time when there was still no such thing as rock 'n' roll or 'dance music'.", "Singer Eddie Fisher has died from complications from hip surgery. He was 82. Fisher was once a national singing sensation in the 1950s. He wed Debbie Reynolds and seemed poised for a successful acting career as well. However, the storybook marriage fell apart. Henceforth, Fisher would be known primarily for the more scandalous aspects of his love life. When his best friend Mike Todd was killed in a plane crash in 1958, Fisher not only comforted his widow Elizabeth Taylor , but ended up marrying her shortly thereafter- much to the horror of an outraged public that was then used to sanitized stories about the purity of entertainer's lives.In an instance of bitter irony, Fisher lost Taylor to actor Richard Burton , when the two co-starred in the 1963 epic Cleopatra . The romantic scandal was so torrid that it became front page news all over the world and made Fisher the »", "US singer Eddie Fisher, who sold millions of records in the 50s and was married to Elizabeth Taylor and Debbie Reynolds, has died at the age of 82.", "** FILE ** Singer Frankie Laine is seen in this November 1949 file photo provided by General Artists Corporation. Laine, the big-voiced singer whose string of hits made him one of the most popular entertainers of the 1950s, died Tuesday, Feb. 5, 2007. He was 93. (AP Photo) NOVEMBER 1949 FILE PHOTO PROVIDED BY GENERAL ARTISTS CORPORATION less", "American MOR star who first charted in 1958, and was 41 by the time he got to No 1 with this Christmas classic.", "American crooner and one of the husbands of  Elizabeth Taylor , his heyday was the 50s", "One of the most popular singers of the 1950s, Eddie Fisher , has died. He was 82.", "However, he soon returned to the big screen to replace the injured Kelly in Easter Parade opposite Judy Garland , Ann Miller and Peter Lawford, and for a final reunion with Rogers in The Barkleys of Broadway (1949). He then went on to make more musicals throughout the 1950s: Let's Dance (1950) with Betty Hutton, Royal Wedding (1951) with Jane Powell, Three Little Words (1950) and The Belle of New York (1952) with Vera-Ellen, The Band Wagon (1953) and Silk Stockings (1957) with Cyd Charisse, Daddy Long Legs (1955) with Leslie Caron, and Funny Face (1957) with Audrey Hepburn.", "Romantically linked with Katharine Hepburn , Bette Davis , Olivia de Havilland , Ginger Rogers , Ava Gardner , and Faith Domergue . He went out of his way to \"discover\" attractive young starlets. He continued this until he stopped producing films in the late 1950s.", "Humphrey Bogart died of throat cancer in 1957 at age 57. Bacall became briefly engaged to Frank Sinatra, and then married actor Jason Robards. They divorced in 1969. Her film career would have highs, lows, and periods of inactivity.", "1946 saw the biggest vocal hit of the multi-talented Betty Hutton's career, Doctor, Lawyer, Indian Chief. Never a great vocalist in the class of a Dinah Shore or even Doris Day, Hutton still managed to lend an infectious sound to go along with her stunning good looks. Her next closest thing to a big hit was probably A Bushel and a Peck, a duet with Perry Como that charted nicely in 1950 (with stiff competition from Doris Day as a single).", "Ms. Springfield became an international pop star in 1964 with \"I Only Want to Be With You,\" a perky early-Beatles-style love song. Other major 60's hits included \"Wishin' and Hopin' \" (1964), and \"The Look of Love\" (1967), both written by Burt Bacharach and Hal David, the team that supplied Ms. Warwick with most of her early hits. Ms. Springfield's sultry rendition of \"The Look of Love,\" from the soundtrack of \"Casino Royale,\" anticipated the heavy-breathing eroticism of Donna Summer a decade later. Her best seller, \"You Don't Have to Say You Love Me\" (1966), was a big-belting tear-jerker that reached No. 4 on Billboard's singles chart and won her her first Grammy nomination. The country-soul ballad \"Son of a Preacher Man,\" her Top 10 hit from 1969, won her new respect and her second Grammy nomination after being prominently featured in the 1994 movie \"Pulp Fiction.\"", "Buddy Clark continued to make a mark on the music world in 1948, but Doris Day was right up there with him, either singing Top Ten Duets or as individual single hit sellers. Doris' first movie, \"Romance on the High Seas\" got her several top records including an Oscar Nomination for Best Song, \"It's Magic\". Together, they really dominated the Music Charts and the National Jukeboxes.", "      Lee remained one of popular music's top vocalists throughout the 1950s. Her hit recordings during the decade included a version of Richard Rodgers ( Rodgers, Richard ) and Moss Hart ( Hart, Moss )'s \"Lover\" (1952), with an audacious mambo-style arrangement by Gordon Jenkins, and \"Fever\" (1958), one of Lee's signature tunes, featuring one of her most seductive vocal performances and a musical backing of only drums, bass, and finger snaps. Lee also had a noted side career as an actress during the 1950s, garnering praise for her first dramatic role in The Jazz Singer (1952) and earning an Academy Award nomination for her supporting performance in Pete Kelly's Blues (1955). She continued to appear for many years in guest roles on television series.", "Bobby Darin was an American singer, songwriter and actor who became a ubiquitous presence in pop entertainment in the late 1950s and 1960s.", "Singer and actor who was one of Elvis's singing idols (perhaps his favorite) in the 1950s.", "Other notable successes include The Affairs of Dobie Gillis (1953), Susan Slept Here (1954), Bundle of Joy (1956 Golden Globe nomination), The Catered Affair (1956 National Board of Review Best Supporting Actress Winner), and Tammy and the Bachelor (1957), in which her rendering of the song \"Tammy\" reached number one on the music charts. In 1959, she released her first pop music album, entitled Debbie. ", "In 1950, U.S. servicemen in Korea voted her their favorite star. She continued to make minor and frequently nostalgic period musicals such as On Moonlight Bay, By the Light of the Silvery Moon, and Tea For Two for Warner Brothers. Her most commercially successful film for Warners was I'll See You in My Dreams, which broke box-office records of 20 years' standing during its premiere engagement at Radio City Music Hall in 1951. In 1953, Day appeared as the title character in the comedic western-themed musical, Calamity Jane, winning the Academy Award for Best Original Song for \"Secret Love\" (her recording of which became her fourth #1 hit single in the U.S.). Between 1950 and 1953, the albums from six of her movie musicals charted in the Top 10, three of them at #1. After filming Lucky Me with Bob Cummings and Young at Heart (both 1954) with Frank Sinatra, Day chose not to renew her contract with Warner Brothers. She elected to work under the advice and management of her third husband, Marty Melcher, whom she married in Burbank on April 3, 1951.", "Sold well over 50 million records. Had 13 #1 hit songs--the first was \"Till The End of Time\" in 1945.", "Miss Toni Fisher - sang the number 3 hit \"The Big Hurt\" in 1959, died of a heart attck on February 12th, 1999 at age 67", "Her first starring movie role was in Romance on the High Seas (1948). The next year, she made two more films, My Dream Is Yours (1949) and It's a Great Feeling (1949). Audiences took to her beauty, terrific singing voice and bubbly personality, and she turned in fine performances in the movies she made (in addition to several hit records). She made three films for Warner Bros. in 1950 and five more in 1951. In that year, she met and married Martin Melcher , who adopted her young son Terry, who later grew up to become Terry Melcher , a successful record producer.", "In 1951 she married Sinatra, who she later called the love of her life. Their relationship was famously tempestuous, and her best friend Turner — who’d also had affairs with Shaw and Sinatra — begged Gardner not to go", "Songfacts: When he made his comeback in the '50s and reinvented himself as the swinging kind of playboy, one of his favorites was \" Come Fly With Me .\"", "Where you might have heard him \"Pledging My Love\" remains the epitome of '50s R&B balladry, a slow dance number unmatched in its era, which is why it's often used in period pieces and films as diverse as Back to the Future, Christine, and Mean Streets. You'd have to go searching for his other stuff, however -- but if you like \"Pledging My Love,\" there's plenty more where that came from", "What can be said about the King of Rock and Roll? He rocked our world in the 50's", "Morning Trivia: This singer is best known for the song When a Man Loves a Woman from 50 years ago. Who is he?" ]

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[ "\"Maybellene\" is a song recorded by Chuck Berry, adapted from the traditional fiddle tune \"Ida Red\" that tells the story of a hot rod race and a broken romance. It was released in July 1955 as a single on Chess Records of Chicago, Illinois. It was Berry's first single release and his first hit. \"Maybellene\" is considered one of the pioneering rock and roll singles: Rolling Stone magazine wrote, \"Rock & roll guitar starts here.\" The record is an early instance of the complete rock and roll package: youthful subject matter, small guitar-driven combo, clear diction, and an atmosphere of unrelenting excitement.", "\"Maybellene\" is a song recorded by Chuck Berry, adapted from the traditional fiddle tune \"Ida Red\". Berry's song tells the story of a hot rod race and a broken romance. It was released in July 1955 as a single by Chess Records, of Chicago, Illinois. It was Berry's first single and his first hit. \"Maybellene\" is considered one of the pioneering rock-and-roll songs: Rolling Stone magazine wrote, \"Rock & roll guitar starts here.\" The record is an early instance of the complete rock-and-roll package: youthful subject matter; a small, guitar-driven combo; clear diction; and an atmosphere of unrelenting excitement. The lyrics describe a man driving a V8 Ford chasing his unfaithful girlfriend in her Cadillac Coupe DeVille.", "\"Maybellene\" is a song by Chuck Berry that tells the story of a hot rod race and a broken romance. It was released in July 1955 as a single on Chess Records of Chicago, Illinois. It was Berry's first single release, and his first hit. \"Maybellene\" is considered one of the pioneering rock and roll singles: Rolling Stone magazine said, \"Rock & roll guitar starts here.\" The record is an early instance of the complete rock and roll package… read more", "At the urging of Leonard Chess at Chess Records, Chuck Berry had reworked a country fiddle tune with a long history, entitled \"Ida Red\". The resulting \"Maybellene\" was not only a #3 hit on the R&B charts in 1955, but also reached into the top 30 on the pop charts.", "Propelled by its persistent driving rhythm, \"Maybellene\" quickly rose to number one on the R&B charts. Two weeks later, in August 1955, it hit number five on the all-important pop chart. At WINS in New York, disc jockey Allen Freed played the song for two hours straight one night. And down South, a relatively unknown singer named Elvis Presley began to include the song in his own performances.", "In fact, it was Berry’s version of a country song – Bob Wills’ Ida Red – that convinced label boss Leonard Chess to sign him, and it was that, rejigged as Maybellene, which hit Billboard Number 5 and laid down Berry’s marker. His run of classic Chess singles – generously represented below – were to inspire the second wave of rockers, notably The Rolling Stones, who covered Berry’s Come On (for their first single) and Carol to notable effect.", "As Chess had predicted, the lyrics struck a chord with teenagers fascinated by cars, speed, and sexuality. \"Maybellene\" became one of the first records to score big on rhythm and blues, country and western, and pop charts. Featuring some inimitable Chuck Berry riffs, some blues-style picking on a country guitar, and Johnson's piano, which added a hummable rhythm to the steady backbeat, \"Maybellene\" was a pivotal song in the emergence of rock 'n' roll. This exciting fusion of a rhythm and blues beat with a rural country style was the catalyst for the type of rock 'n' roll that emerged in the mid-1950s.", "In 1988 \"Maybellene\" was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame for its influence as a rock-and-roll record. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame included \"Maybellene\" in its list of the \"500 Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll\" (also included are Berry's recordings of \"Rock and Roll Music\" and \"Johnny B. Goode\"). In 1999, National Public Radio included it in the \"NPR 100\", the one hundred most important American musical works of the 20th century, chosen by NPR music editors. \"Maybellene\" is currently ranked as the 98th greatest song of all time, as well as the second best song of 1955, by Acclaimed Music. The song is ranked number 18 on Rolling Stone's list of \"500 Greatest Songs of All Time. ", "Francis Albert \"Frank\" Sinatra (; December 12, 1915 – May 14, 1998) was an American singer, actor, and producer who was one of the most popular and influential musical artists of the 20th century. Sinatra's music has been considered timeless by many. He is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold more than 150 million records worldwide. Born in Hoboken, New Jersey, to Italian immigrants, he began his musical career in the swing era with Harry James and Tommy Dorsey. He found success as a solo artist after being signed by Columbia Records in 1943, becoming the idol of the \"bobby soxers\". He released his first album, The Voice of Frank Sinatra, in 1946. Sinatra's professional career had stalled by the early 1950s, and he turned to Las Vegas, where he became one of its best known performers as part of the Rat Pack. His career was reborn in 1953 with the success of From Here to Eternity and his subsequent Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. He signed with Capitol Records and released several critically lauded albums, including In the Wee Small Hours (1955), Songs for Swingin' Lovers! (1956), Come Fly with Me (1958), Only the Lonely (1958) and Nice 'n' Easy (1960).", "In 1955, the song, a 12-bar blues, peaked at number five on the Billboard pop chart and was number one on the R&B chart. Billboards year-end charts in 1955 ranked \"Maybellene\" number 3 on the Top R&B Records Retail Sales and Juke Box Plays charts. ", "Diana Ross (born Diane Ernestine Earle Ross on March 26 , 1944 ) is an American twelve-time Grammy and Oscar -nominated singer , record producer and actress , whose musical repertoire spans R&B , soul , pop , disco and jazz . During the 1960s, she shaped the sound of popular music and Motown Records as the lead singer of The Supremes before leaving for a solo career in the beginning of 1970.", "Diana Ross (born March 26, 1944) is an American twelve-time Grammy and Oscar-nominated singer, record producer and actress, whose musical repertoire spans R&B, soul, pop, disco and jazz. During the 1960s, she helped shape the sound of popular music and the Motown Sound as lead singer of The Supremes before leaving for a solo career in the beginning of 1970. Since the beginning of her career with The Supremes and as a solo artist, Diana Ross has sold more than 100 million records.", "Day's recording of the song for Columbia Records (catalog number 40704) was a hit in both the United States— where it made it to number two on the Billboard Hot 100[4] — and number one in the UK Singles Chart.[2] From 1968 to 1973, it was the theme song for the situation comedy The Doris Day Show, becoming her signature song. The song progresses through the life of the singer and, as they sing one verse after another, another period of that person's life is revealed from childhood to adolescence to adulthood, having children and finally old age. It reached the Billboard magazine charts in July 1956. The song received the 1956 Academy Award for Best Original Song with the alternative title \"Whatever Will Be, Will Be (Que Sera, Sera)\".[3] It was the third Oscar in this category for Livingston and Evans, who previously won in 1948 and 1950.[2] The title sequence of the Hitchcock film gives the song title as Whatever Will Be. It was a #1 hit in Australia for pop singer Normie Rowe in September 1965", "Harry Lillis \"Bing\" Crosby (May 3, 1903 – October 14, 1977) was an American singer and actor. Crosby's trademark bass-baritone voice made him one of the best-selling recording artists of the 20th century, with over half a billion records in circulation.", "Rev. Richard Wayne Penniman (born December 5, 1932), better known by the stage name Little Richard, is an American singer, songwriter and pianist, who began performing in the 1940s and was a key figure in the transition from rhythm & blues to rock and roll in the 1950s.", "Harry Belafonte - Harold George Belafonte, Jr. (born March 1, 1927) is an American musician, actor and social activist. One of the most successful Jamaican musicians in history, he was dubbed the \"King of Calypso\" for popularizing the Caribbean musical style in the 1950s. Due to problems with dyslexia, Belafonte dropped out of high school and at the age of 17, he joined the US Navy for a couple of years. After that, he returned to New York and settled there. Belafonte became involved with the American Negro Theatre and soon began singing in clubs around the city.", "Mary Isabel Catherine Bernadette O’Brien, OBE (16 April 1939 – 2 March 1999), known as Dusty Springfield, was a leading pop singer and entertainer. Of the female British pop artists of the 1960s, she made one of the biggest impressions on the U.S. market. Owing to her distinctive sensual sound, she was one of the most notable white soul artists in the world.", "Harry Lillis \"Bing\" Crosby (May 3, 1903 â October 14, 1977) was an American singer and actor whose career stretched more than half a century: from 1926 until his death in 1977. Crosby's unique bass-baritone voice made him the best-selling recording artist until well into the rock era, with over half a billion records in circulation.", "Ray Charles, (September 23, 1930 - June 10, 2004) was an American musician. Charles was a pioneer in the genre of soul music during the 1950s by fusing rhythm & blues, gospel, and blues styles into his early recordings for Atlantic Records. He also helped racially integrate country and pop music during the 1960s with his crossover success on ABC Records, most notably with his Modern Sounds albums. During his tenure with ABC, Charles became one of the first African-American musicians to receive and practice artistic control upon by a mainstream record company. In 1959, Charles crossed over to Top 30 radio with the release of his impromptu blues number, \"What'd I Say\", which was initially conceived while Charles was in concert. The song reached number 1 on the R&B list and would become Charles's first top-ten single on the pop charts, peaking at number 6. Charles would also record The Genius of Ray", "That being said, not one, but two singers that would define the word \"vocalist\" for the next few decades had  their first number one hits in 1945.  Both were monster hits, although they've  faded a bit with the passage of time.  Working as lead female vocalist for Les  Brown and his Band of Renown, Doris Day had her first #1 hit in early April of 1945  with My Dreams Are Getting Better All the Time.  That song was knocked out of the top spot by Doris' second number one -- and better remembered -- Sentimental Journey, also fronting Les Brown. And that song became not only the biggest hit of 1945, but also one of the most popular standard tunes of the decade and one of the most popular songs of the entire 20th Century. It came at the end of World War II and was a perfect anthemn to end the war and bring home the soldiers. In 1945 and 1946, Doris and Les were the most popular big band entertainers in the world and had literally scads of charted hit recordings.", "Once the rock and roll era began in 1955, the dynamic of the music industry changed and it became harder and harder for existing pop singers to do well commercially. Nevertheless, Bennett continued to enjoy success, placing eight songs in the Billboard during the latter part of the 1950s, with \"In the Middle of an Island\" reaching the highest at number nine in 1957. ", "Sinatra was signed to her father's label, Reprise Records, in 1961. Her first single, \"Cuff Links and a Tie Clip\", went largely unnoticed. However, subsequent singles charted in Europe and Japan. Without a hit in the US by 1965, she was on the verge of being dropped. Her singing career received a boost with the help of songwriter/producer/arranger Lee Hazlewood, who had been making records for ten years, notably with Duane Eddy. Hazlewood became Sinatra's inspiration. He had her sing in a lower key and crafted songs for her. Bolstered by an image overhaul — including bleached-blonde hair, frosted lips, heavy eye make-up and Carnaby Street fashions — Sinatra made her mark on the American (and British) music scene in early 1966 with \"These Boots Are Made for Walkin''\", its title inspired by a line in Robert Aldrich's 1963 western comedy 4 for Texas starring her father and Dean Martin. One of her many hits written by Hazlewood, it received three Grammy Award nominations, including two for Sinatra and one for arranger Billy Strange. It sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc. She appeared on TV in high boots, and with colorfully dressed go-go dancers, a craze during the late Sixties, and created a popular and enduring image of the Swinging Sixties.", "Born Norma Dolores Egstrom in Jamestown, North Dakota, sultry song stylist Peggy Lee was the product of a troubled, abusive childhood, who used singing as an escape. She found work on a radio station as a teenager in Fargo and quickly changed her name to Peggy Lee. An early move to Hollywood at age 17 proved disappointing, returning north to her radio job within a short time. A Chicago nightclub appearance led to her replacing vocalist Helen Forrest with the Benny Goodman Orchestra in 1941, where she soon earned star status for such songs as \"Blues in the Night\", \"The Way You Look Tonight\", and, her signature song, \"Why Don't You Do Right?\". She struck out on her own two years later and earned more hit records with \"It's a Good Day\" and \"Manana\", which she wrote.", "\"FOOLISHLY YOURS\" peaked at #25 in record sales in 1955, the same year that Doris had the top selling album of the year, as well as gigantic hits like \"I'll Never Stop Loving You\". Other biggies that year were: \"Choo Choo Train\" and \"Ooh-Bang, Jiggly Jang\". The flip side of this record was the more popular of the two, \"TWO HEARTS, TWO KISSES\".", "One of the most popular teen idols on the late 1950's and early 1960's, his many hit records, primarily on the Imperial and American Decca labels, include \"I'm Walkin'\", \"Travelin' Man\", \"Poor Little Fool\", \"For You\", \"Fools Rush In\", \"It's Late\", and \"Garden Party\". Most of these songs were originally introduced on The Adventures of Ozzie & Harriet (1952) TV show.", "She was soon one of country music's biggest stars. Despite her numerous country hits, she sought a broader audience and refused to be saddled with a hillbilly or cowgirl image. Under Bradley's direction, she came to embody the smooth, sophisticated new Nashville sound. \"I Fall to Pieces\" was a pop hit (#12) in 1961, followed later that year by \"Crazy\" (#9 pop, #2 country), a song written by a then little-known writer named Willie Nelson. She had another pop Top 20 hit with \"She's Got You\" (#14) in 1962.", "Springfield went solo in 1963, remaining with Philips and scoring an instant smash with Mike Hawker and Ivor Raymonde's \"I Only Want To Be With You.\" It hit No. 4 in the U.K., triggering an unbroken run of hits throughout the '60s and starting her U.S. chart career. It reached No. 12. A devoted Motown disciple, Springfield was soon an established star, with her unusually R&B-edged vocals and distinctive image of beehive hair and heavy eye shadow. She was soon securing the best material from the songwriters of the day. By 1966, Springfield had her first BBC-TV series, \"Dusty.\" Her big hits continued until early 1969, when \"Preacher Man\" became her last major single for almost two decades. In the 1970s, she moved to Los Angeles and revealed her bisexuality, becoming something of a gay icon. However, this was a period of career and personal decline, and deals with such labels as Dunhill, Mercury, and Casablanca brought few rewards.", "82, Sept. 22 | Hugely popular clear-voiced singer of the 1950s who sold millions of records with 32 hit songs (\"Oh, My Pa-pa,\" \"I'm Yours,\" \"Lady of Spain\") but lost his fame and fortune to marriage scandals (Debbie Reynolds and Elizabeth Taylor were among his ex'es), gambling, and drugs.", "United States singer who died of a drug overdose at the height of her popularity (1943-1970)", "1927 Harry Belafonte, singer, actor, was born.  His biggest hit was \"Day-O (The Banana Boat Song\" in 1956.", "performer: \"WAITIN' FOR THE TRAIN TO COME IN\" 1945, \"WHY DON'T YOU DO RIGHT? GET ME SOME MONEY TOO\" 1947", "in 1940 - Dionne Warwick East Orange NJ, singer (Solid Gold, Way to San Jose) is born" ]

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[ "\"Love Will Never Do (Without You)\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Janet Jackson, recorded for her fourth studio album, Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814 (1989). It was written and produced by James Harris III, and Terry Lewis. The song was released as the seventh single from the album on October 2, 1990, by A&M Records. It topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart for one week.", "The song became Jackson's fifth number-one single on the Billboard Hot 100, the final of seven top five singles from the album, making her the only artist to achieve seven top five singles from one album. The success of \"Love Will Never Do (Without You)\" also helped the album to become the only one in history to produce number-one hits on the Billboard Hot 100 in three separate calendar years, those being \"Miss You Much\" in 1989, \"Escapade\" and \"Black Cat\" in 1990, and \"Love Will Never Do (Without You)\" in 1991.", "Michael Jackson remained a prominent figure in the genre in the late 1980s, following the release of his album Bad (1987) which sold more than 30 million copies worldwide. Janet Jackson's 1989 album Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814 continued the development of contemporary R&B into the 1990s, as the album's title track \"Rhythm Nation\" made \"use of elements from across the R&B spectrum, including use of a sample loop, triplet swing, rapped vocal parts and blues notes.\" The release of Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814 became the only album in history to produce number one hits on the Billboard Charts Hot 100 in three separate calendar years—\"Miss You Much\" in 1989, \"Escapade\" and \"Black Cat\" in 1990, and \"Love Will Never Do (Without You)\" in 1991—and the only album in the history of the Hot 100 to have seven top 5 hit singles.", "Her next album, Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814 (a title potentially referring to the year the American national anthem was written), was a socially conscious outing also produced and co-written by Jam and Lewis. The album spawned a number of hit singles, including the chart-toppers \"Miss You Much,\" \"Escapade,\" \"Black Cat\" (written by Jackson herself) and \"Love Will Never Do (Without You),\" and again sold around eight million copies. Rhythm Nation, which won three American Music Awards, made Jackson the first artist to have seven Top 5 hits from a single album. Jackson embarked on her first tour in the spring of 1990.", "Janet Damita Jo Jackson (born May 16, 1966) is an American singer, songwriter, dancer and actress. Known for a series of sonically innovative, socially conscious and sexually provocative records, as well as elaborate stage shows, television and film roles, she has been a prominent figure in popular culture for over 30 years. The youngest child of the Jackson family, she began her career with the variety television series The Jacksons in 1976 and went on to appear in other television shows throughout the 1970s and early 1980s, including Good Times and Fame.", "Janet Jackson’s first platinum single in 1989 and the song spent 4 weeks at the top of the Billboard Hot 100. On top of its Billboards success, it was the longest-running number one of 1989 and was also the second-best selling single and the biggest radio airplay song of the year.", "Janet Jackson didn't merely emerge from the shadows of her famous brothers to become a superstar in her own right. Starting with her breakout 1986 album Control, she became one of the biggest pop stars of the '80s. Through the early 2000s, she was able to maintain her stature with impeccable quality control and stylistic evolution. Her singles, expertly crafted with indelible pop hooks and state-of-the-art production, consistently set or kept up with trends in contemporary R&B, demonstrated by an exceptional run of Top 20 R&B singles that spans over 30 years. From platinum album to platinum album, Jackson's image smoothly shifted as it projected power and independence. In turn, she inspired the likes of TLC, Aaliyah, Beyoncé, Britney Spears, and Rihanna, all of whom learned a few things from her recordings, videos, and performances.", "Having sold over 100 million records, she is ranked as one of the best-selling artists in the history of contemporary music. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) lists her as the eleventh best-selling female artist in the United States, with 26 million certified albums. She has amassed an extensive catalog, with singles such as \"Nasty\", \"Rhythm Nation\", \"That's the Way Love Goes\", \"Together Again\" and \"All for You\" among her signature songs; she holds the record for the most consecutive top 10 hits on the US Billboard Hot 100 singles chart by a female artist with 19. In 2016 Billboard magazine released its list of the Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists, placing her at number seven, while in 2010, ranking her fifth among the \"Top 50 R&B/Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years\". Three of Jackson's albums appeared in Billboard's Top 200 Best-Selling Albums of All-Time list: Control, Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814, and Janet. One of the world's most awarded artists, her longevity, records and achievements reflect her influence in shaping and redefining the scope of popular music. She has been cited as an inspiration among numerous performers.", "1990 – CHART TOPPERS – “ Escapade ” by Janet Jackson, “ Dangerous ” by Roxette, ", "The first single released from the album was the double A-side \"Scream/Childhood\". \"Scream\" was a duet, performed with Jackson's youngest sister Janet. The single had the highest debut on the Billboard Hot 100 at number five, and received a Grammy nomination for \"Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals\".[101] \"You Are Not Alone\" was the second single released from HIStory; it holds the Guinness World Record for the first song ever to debut at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.[68] It was seen as a major artistic and commercial success, receiving a Grammy nomination for \"Best Pop Vocal Performance\".[101] In late 1995, Jackson was rushed to a hospital after collapsing during rehearsals for a televised performance; the incident was caused by a stress related panic attack.[102] \"Earth Song\" was the third single released from HIStory, and topped the UK singles chart for six weeks over Christmas 1995; it sold a million copies, making it Jackson's most successful single in the UK.[101]", "Several singles were released from HIStory. \"Scream\"/\"Childhood\", released as a double A-side, was the first single released from HIStory in May 1995. \"Scream\" was sung and performed by Jackson and his sister Janet Jackson. The single had the best ever debut at number five - where it peaked, on the Billboard Hot 100. The song received a Grammy nomination for \"Best Pop Collaboration With Vocals\". The music video for \"Scream\" is one of Jackson's most critically acclaimed songs and music videos, receiving numerous awards. With a US$9 million music video production budget, \"Scream\" is the most expensive music video ever made as of 2015. ", "When Jackson was sixteen, her father and manager Joseph Jackson, arranged her a contract with A&M Records. Her debut album, Janet Jackson, was released in 1982. It was produced by Angela Winbush, René Moore, Bobby Watson of Rufus (band) and Leon F. Sylvers III, and overseen by her father Joseph. It peaked at number sixty-three on the Billboard 200, and number six on the publication's R&B albums chart, receiving little promotion. Jackson's second album, Dream Street, was released two years later. Dream Street reached one-hundred forty-seven on the Billboard 200, and number nineteen on the R&B albums chart. The lead single \"Don't Stand Another Chance\" peaked at number nine on Billboards R&B singles chart. Both albums consisted primarily of bubblegum pop music. Jackson eloped with singer James DeBarge in 1984, divorcing shortly afterwards, with the marriage annulled the following year. ", "Janet Jackson - Janet Damita Jo Jackson (born May 16, 1966) is an American recording artist and entertainer. Born in Gary, Indiana and raised in Encino, Los Angeles, California, she is the youngest child of the Jackson family of musicians. She first performed on stage with her family beginning at the age of seven. At age sixteen in 1982, Jackson signed a recording contract with A&M, releasing her self-titled debut album the same year. In 1991, she signed the first of two record-breaking, multi-million dollar recording contracts with Virgin Records, which established her as one of the highest paid artists in the recording industry. Jackson is ranked by Billboard magazine as one of the top ten best-selling music artists in the history of contemporary music, having sold over 100 million albums worldwide. ' Artist Discography '", "Thriller (1982) cemented Jackson's status as the biggest pop star of the 1980s. Defining the decade in the same way that the music of Elvis Presley represented the 1950s, the album remained on the pop charts for more than two years, selling 25 million copies in the United States alone. Sporting dense, insistent production by Jones, Thriller contains instantly identifiable hits such as \"Beat It,\" \"Billie Jean,\" and the title track, featuring a ghoulish spoken part by horror movie star Vincent Price. The music videos for Thriller set the songs within cinematic narratives, thereby altering the way music would be marketed; after Thriller, a song's video would become as important as the song itself. Videos for \"Beat It,\" \"Billie Jean,\" and \"Thriller\" were wildly popular, making Jackson the first African-American artist played with regularity by cable network MTV. Although it took five years to deliver, Thriller 's follow-up, Bad (1987), was nearly as successful, spawning four number one pop hits, including \"Man in the Mirror\" and \"The Way You Make Me Feel.\" By this point, the media had begun to speculate upon Jackson's eccentricities: his rumored nose jobs, attempts to lighten his skin, and his development of Neverland, a large personal ranch in California that he filled with exotic animals and rides. In late 1991, after another nearly five-year hiatus, Jackson released Dangerous.", "“So much uptempo dance music is threatening, but I liked the coaxing, the gentleness, taking a shy girl and letting her shed her fears rather than forcing them out of her,” Jackson recalled, describing “Rock With You.” Arguably the last hit of the classic disco era, this chart-topper remains one of the great seduction jams in modern R&B, a template for countless wanna-be mirror-ball lotharios, wrapped in vibrant string arrangements and poised halfway between a silk-sheet ballad and a dance-floor burner. “Songs like ‘Rock With You’ made me want to become a performer,” Usher said in 2009. It was the first song written for Jackson by key collaborator Rod Temperton, of boogie merchants Heatwave, after a request from Quincy Jones. (Temperton went on to pen “Thriller,” “Off the Wall,” “Burn This Disco Out,” “Baby Be Mine” and others.) The video, with Jackson working his magic in a silver outfit with little more than lasers and smoke as visuals, shows a solo artist looking barely more than a kid but in complete control of his game.", "1993: Janet Jackson begins a two-week run at No. 1 on the singles chart with \"Again.\"", "\"Man in the Mirror\" was composed by Glen Ballard and Siedah Garrett. Jackson added background vocals from Garrett, The Winans and the Andrae Crouch Choir, which gave the song its distinctive sound. The song is said to have been one of his favorite songs. Arranged with a gospel choir, Jackson would use a gospel choir again several years later on his hit \"Will You Be There\". Siedah Garrett also sang Jackson's duet \"I Just Can't Stop Loving You\" in summer 1987. The song is played in the key of G Major at a tempo of 100bpm. The vocal range is Ab3-C6. ", "The eighth child of the Jackson family, Michael made his professional debut in 1964 with his elder brothers Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, and Marlon as a member of the Jackson 5, and began his solo career in 1971. In the early 1980s, Jackson became a dominant figure in popular music. His music videos, including those of \"Beat It\", \"Billie Jean\", and \"Thriller\" from his 1982 album Thriller, are credited with breaking racial barriers and transforming the medium into an art form and promotional tool. The popularity of these videos helped bring the television channel MTV to fame. Jackson's 1987 album Bad spawned the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles \"I Just Can't Stop Loving You\", \"Bad\", \"The Way You Make Me Feel\", \"Man in the Mirror\", and \"Dirty Diana\", becoming the first album to have five number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100. He continued to innovate with videos such as \"Black or White\" and \"Scream\" throughout the 1990s, and forged a reputation as a touring solo artist. Through stage and video performances, Jackson popularized a number of complicated dance techniques, such as the robot and the moonwalk, to which he gave the name. His distinctive sound and style has influenced numerous artists of various music genres.", "The song was added to the 2009 leg of her Sticky & Sweet Tour. It replaced the song \"Heartbeat\" from Hard Candy and was used as a tribute to singer Michael Jackson who died a week prior to the start of the second leg of the tour. As Madonna sang the song, a picture of a young Jackson appeared on stage, followed by a Jackson impersonator wearing garments in Jackson style. The music then switched to a medley of his songs, like \"Billie Jean\" and \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'\", and the impersonator worked through his moves, including the moonwalk as well as the spinning and gyrating. Madonna clapped her hands, swayed from side to side and jumped up and down while images of Jackson over the years flashed on a big screen. After the performance, Madonna told the crowd, \"Let's give it up for one of the greatest artists the world has ever known,\" and the crowd applauded.", "The eighth child of the Jackson family , Michael made his professional debut in 1964 with his elder brothers Jackie , Tito , Jermaine , and Marlon as a member of the Jackson 5 , and began his solo career in 1971. In the early 1980s, Jackson became a dominant figure in popular music. His music videos , including those of \" Beat It \", \" Billie Jean \", and \" Thriller \" from his 1982 album Thriller , are credited with breaking racial barriers and transforming the medium into an art form and promotional tool. The popularity of these videos helped bring the television channel MTV to fame. Jackson's 1987 album Bad spawned the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles \" I Just Can't Stop Loving You \", \" Bad \", \" The Way You Make Me Feel \", \" Man in the Mirror \", and \" Dirty Diana \", becoming the first album to have five number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100. He continued to innovate with videos such as \" Black or White \" and \" Scream \" throughout the 1990s, and forged a reputation as a touring solo artist. Through stage and video performances, Jackson popularized a number of complicated dance techniques, such as the robot and the moonwalk , to which he gave the name. His distinctive sound and style has influenced numerous artists of various music genres.", "Not many 12-year-olds can maturely depict a romantic situation like Michael did in the Jackson 5's hit single, \"Never Can Say Goodbye.\" Michael describes a situation where he is incapable of leaving his partner, no matter how close he gets. \"There's that same unhappy feeling/ There's that anguish/ There's that doubt,\" Michael expertly croons in the ballad. The song struck a chord with a relating crowd, charting at No. 1 on Billboard's R&B songs chart and No. 2 on the Hot 100.", "1989: Janet Jackson begins a four-week stint at No. 1 on the album chart with \"Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814.\"", "1991 - Janet Jackson signed a deal with Virgin Records for 2 albums worth $50 million. ", "This song is about making a change and realizing that it has to start with you. It was one of just two songs on the Bad album that Jackson didn't write. The song was written by Siedah Garrett and Glen Ballard, and Garret also sang backup on the track. Ballard went on to write and produce for Alanis Morissette and Dave Matthews. Garrett also sang on Jackson's \" I Just Can't Stop Loving You \" and later joined the Brand New Heavies.", "\"Scream\" in 1995 was the first single from Michael Jackson's ninth studio album, HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I, and his first duet with sister Janet. The $7 million video won a Grammy and three MTV Video Music Awards.", "Throughout the early 1970s the Jackson 5 scored major hits, including \"The Love You Save,\" \"Never Can Say Goodbye,\" and \"Dancing Machine,\" before moving to Epic Records in 1976. Now known as the Jacksons, the group released Destiny (1978), an acclaimed album they largely wrote and produced. The success of Destiny allowed Michael to pursue his solo career while remaining with the group. Working with producer and arranger Quincy Jones, he gained renewed stardom with Off the Wall (1979), a classic collection of pop, R&B, and disco that spawned four Top 10 singles.", "In July 2008 a song called \"Hold My Hand\" circulated the internet. The song is an R&B duet/collaboration between Michael Jackson and Akon, composed by Claude Kelly. There also exists another version featuring only Akon. It was not included in the track list for Freedom as Akon previously stated. During an interview with Tavis Smiley, Akon said that Jackson had planned on a high-profile release including a music video until the track had leaked. This is Jackson's last known song before he died on June 25, 2009. Recently[when?], Akon has finished work on the song and it will included on the upcoming posthumous album, Michael. The song itself was released as a single on November 15, 2010.", "Singer Michael Jackson recorded the song for his 1995 double album “HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I”.  ", "4 is the fourth studio album by American singer Beyoncé, released on June 24, 2011, by Parkwood Entertainment and Columbia Records. Following a career hiatus that reignited her creativity, Beyoncé was inspired to create a record with a basis in traditional rhythm and blues that stood apart from contemporary popular music. Her collaborations with songwriters and record producers The-Dream, Tricky Stewart, and Shea Taylor produced a mellower tone, developing diverse vocal styles and influences from funk, hip hop, and soul.", "From Michael Jackson's 'Thriller' to Taylor Swift's '1989': Albums with Five Top 10 Hot 100 Hits", "From Michael Jackson’s 'Thriller’ to Taylor Swift’s '1989’: Albums with Five Top 10 Hot 100 Hits", "In August 2013, Timbaland revealed that he was working on a project featuring unreleased material by Michael Jackson, with a lead single called \"Love Never Felt So Good\". " ]

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[ "Ms. is an American liberal feminist magazine co-founded by American feminist and activist Gloria Steinem and founding editor Letty Cottin Pogrebin together with founding editors Patricia Carbine, Joanne Edgar, Nina Finkelstein, and Mary Peacock, that first appeared in 1971 as an insert in New York magazine.", "Ms. is an American liberal feminist magazine co-founded by second-wave feminists and sociopolitical activists Gloria Steinem and Dorothy Pitman Hughes. Founding editors were Letty Cottin Pogrebin, Mary Thom, Patricia Carbine, Joanne Edgar, Nina Finkelstein, and Mary Peacock. Ms. first appeared in 1971 as an insert in New York magazine. The first stand-alone issue appeared in January 1972 with funding from New York editor Clay Felker. From July 1972 to 1987, it appeared on a monthly basis. ", "Gloria Steinem co-founded Ms. magazine in 1972 and remained one of its editors for 15 years.", "Gloria Steinem, founder of Ms. magazine was responsible for the return of Wonder Woman's original abilities. Offended that the most famous female superhero had been depowered, Steinem placed Wonder Woman (in costume) on the cover of the first issue of Ms. (1972) — Warner Communications, DC Comics' owner, was an investor — which also contained an appreciative essay about the character. Wonder Woman's powers and traditional costume, were restored in issue #204 (January–February 1973).", "After nearly 17 years of losing money, Ms. suspended publication in November. But at the time, Gloria Steinem, one of the magazine's founders, convinced Dale W. Lang, chairman of Lang Communications, which publishes Ms., that there were enough hard-core readers willing to pay $40 a year to assure its survival. The revamped magazine, to be published six times a year, will contain 96 pages of articles and photographs – but no advertising.", "The title of Ms. magazine was suggested by a friend of Gloria Steinem who had heard the term in an interview on WBAI radio and suggested it as a title for the new magazine. Modern use of Ms. as an honorific was promoted by Sheila Michaels. Michaels, whose parents were not married to each other, and who was not adopted by her stepfather, had long grappled with finding a title that reflected her situation: not being \"owned\" by a father and not wishing to be \"owned\" by a husband. Her efforts to promote its use were ignored in the nascent Women’s Movement. Around 1971, during a lull in an interview with \"The Feminists\" group, Michaels suggested the use of the title \"Ms.\" (having chosen a pronunciation current for both in Missouri, her home). ", "Few women ran magazines, even when the readership was entirely female, and they weren’t permitted to write the stories they felt were important; the focus had to be on fashion, recipes, cosmetics, or how to lure a man and keep him interested. �When I suggested political stories to The New York Times Sunday Magazine, my editor just said something like, �I don’t think of you that way,’ � recalls Gloria Steinem. �It was all pale male faces in, on, and running media,� says Robin Morgan, who was Ms.’s editor in the late eighties and early nineties.", "Ms. Magazine's first publisher was Elizabeth Forsling Harris, a CIA-connected PR executive who planned John Kennedy's Dallas motorcade route. Despite its anti establishment image, MS magazine attracted advertising from the cream of corporate America. It published ads for ITT at the same time as women political prisoners in Chile were being tortured by Pinochet, after a coup inspired by the US conglomerate and the CIA.", "Gloria Steinem was an early critic of the magazine. So was Betty Friedan. But what’s interesting is that Helen deeply admired Gloria Steinem. She was constantly trying to get Gloria to write an article or to be in the magazine. When Gloria wrote her famous I-was-a-Playboy-Bunny piece [officially titled \"A Bunny's Tale\" ], Helen got her to pose in Cosmopolitan.", "(Interrupting briefly. Of course remember that Newsweek is published by Katherine Graham. We're going to be coming to *her* role in setting up Ms. [magazine] in just a minute.)", "Hearst has many versions of its magazines internationally (Cosmo is published in more than 30 countries from France to Indonesia). Imported Glenda Bailey, editor of UK Marie Claire (a title owned by Hachette of France and published with IPC in the UK), for US launch of the title. Hearst joined with film group Miramax to launch high profile monthly Talk in September 1999 with Tina Brown as editor. Brown, with her husband Harold Evans, were leading members of British contingent in New York. After a successful career in London on Vogue, she went on to revive Vanity Fair and The New Yorker. Talk closed in 2001. Brown revived links with Conde Nast, taking on editorial advisory board role for their contract launch Tate.", "On June 2, 1998, she released her eighth solo album, (twenty-first overall), gloria!. The album blended disco with Salsa music percussion and Latin flavor. The album peaked at No. 23 on the Billboard 200. The album reached Gold certification. The single \"Oye!\" peaked at No. 1 on the Hot Dance Music/Club Play and the Hot Latin Tracks charts, and was featured in the 1998 Eddie Murphy film Holy Man. The other major hit single releases were \"Don't Let This Moment End\", which peaked at No. 76 on the Billboard Hot 100 and \"Heaven's What I Feel\", which peaked at No. 27 on the Hot 100.", "The September 2004 issue was 832 pages, the largest issue of a monthly magazine ever published at that time, since exceeded by the September 2007 issue Cutler's documentary covered. Wintour also oversaw the introduction of three spinoffs: Teen Vogue, Vogue Living and Men's Vogue. Teen Vogue has published more ad pages and earned more advertiser revenue than either Elle Girl and Cosmo Girl, and the 164 ad pages in the début issue of Men's Vogue were the most for a first issue in Condé Nast history. AdAge named her \"Editor of the Year\" for this brand expansion. Queen Elizabeth II appointed her Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2008 Birthday Honours. ", "If Ms. Gurley Brown, who died Monday at the age of 90, did not create the sex-soaked contemporary North American media landscape, she used Cosmopolitan to scorch the earth on a monthly basis with frank talk about female independence, explicit sex tips and pneumatic cleavage spilling from the magazine’s cover into every grocery store checkout line. Her influence was fraught with complications – many women found her emphasis on pleasing men sexually to be problematic, and her conception of women to be cartoonish – but she cleared a place where uncomfortable topics could find a home.", "In her new home, she became a junior fashion editor at Harper's Bazaar in New York City in 1975. Wintour's innovative shoots led editor Tony Mazzola to fire her after nine months. She was introduced to Bob Marley by one of Bradshaw's friends, and disappeared with him for a week. A few months later, Bradshaw helped her get her first position as a fashion editor, at Viva, a women's adult magazine started by Kathy Keeton, then wife of Penthouse publisher Bob Guccione. She has rarely discussed working there, due to that connection. This was the first job at which she was able to hire a personal assistant, which began her reputation as a demanding and difficult boss. ", "Christie Hefner, daughter of the founder Hugh Hefner, joined Playboy in 1975 and became head of the company in 1988. She announced in December 2008 that she would be stepping down from leading the company, effective in January 2009, and said that the election of Barack Obama as the next President had inspired her to give more time to charitable work, and that the decision to step down was her own. “Just as this country is embracing change in the form of new leadership, I have decided that now is the time to make changes in my own life as well,” she said. ", "Playboy is an American men's lifestyle and entertainment magazine. It was founded in Chicago in 1953 by Hugh Hefner and his associates, and funded in part by a $1,000 loan from Hefner's mother. Notable for its centerfolds of nude and semi-nude models (Playmates), Playboy played an important role in the sexual revolution and remains one of the world's best-known brands, having grown into Playboy Enterprises, Inc., with a presence in nearly every medium. In addition to the flagship magazine in the United States, special nation-specific versions of Playboy are published worldwide.", "In July 1965, Gurley Brown, the woman who famously said, “Good girls go to heaven, bad girls go everywhere,” officially became editor-in-chief of Cosmopolitan and launched it into publishing history. She was Cosmo’s tireless editor-in-chief, growing the magazine in the 1980s to 300 pages, a third of which were highly lucrative advertisements. Since then, its sales and advertising have risen spectacularly. Today Cosmopolitan is the top-selling young women’s magazine in the world, with 64 international editions and is published in 35 languages and distributed in more than 100 countries. In 1997, Gurley Brown left the flagship magazine to be editor-in-chief of Cosmopolitan’s growing international editions.", "Kathleen Marie \"Kathy\" Ireland (born March 20, 1963) is an American model and actress, turned author and entrepreneur. Ireland was a supermodel in the 1980s and 1990s, best known for appearing in 13 consecutive Sports Illustrated swimsuit issues. In 1993, she founded a brand marketing company, \"kathy ireland Worldwide\" (kiWW), which has made her one of the wealthiest former models in the world.", "The fact that Donatella Versace's daughter, Allegra, was struggling with serious eating disorders a few years ago, was apparently not enough to persuade her mother that a modeling career may not be the wisest choice for her child. Last week, 16-year-old Allegra made her magazine debut when she was shot by Pamela Hanson for Teen Vogue's October-November issue.", "Madonna is on cover of the German magazine GALA's September 12, 2002 issue. Inside there's 4 pages dedicated to Madonna including a lot of great pictures. (source: MLVC mailing list)", "Damon Brown, foreword by Pamela Anderson “I only read it for the articles.” Few modern punch lines (and lies!) are as iconic as this one. But humor and good writing aside, the true allure of Playboy are the magazine’s spectacular cover images. The stunning women who graced these covers enticed millions from the fifties through the new millennium. Now Hugh Hefner has chosen 200 of Playboy’s breathtaking, innovative covers for this lush retrospective, digitally reproduced and in color. Acclaimed author and long-time Playboy writer Damon Brown explores how the magazine’s newsstand decisions made an indelible impact on American culture, while ultimate Playmate Pamela Anderson provides an illuminating foreword.", "John and Margaret Mary Shuff launched JES Publishing in 1981 after John, then vice president and CFO of Capital Cities ABC (now Disney), was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. They decided to abandon the demanding New York corporate world and engage in a joint entrepreneurial venture in a more physically agreeable, and yet promising economic, climate. The result was Boca Raton magazine, the award-winning flagship publication of an enterprise that now numbers 12 different titles, including Salt Lake City magazine. Both John and Margaret Mary have a strong commitment to community and to their reader. Both are engaged in numerous charitable and cultural activities, John currently serving on the Board of the Boca Raton Community Hospital and Margaret Mary as Vice Chair of the Board of Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, Indiana.", "1987 - The first celebrity cover girl to grace Cosmopolitan magazine since Elizabeth Taylor in 1969 was Madonna and she did it on this day.", "Fact: The leading ladies of the music world have all posed for a Vogue magazine cover celebrating the best of pop. The line-up includes Lady GaGa , Madonna , Britney Spears , Cher , Mariah Carey , Beyonce , Rihanna , Katy Perry and Jennifer Lopez .", "Editor Suzy Menkes and designer Tory Burch at the Conde Nast International Luxury Conference in Florence, Italy (image courtesy of Andreas Rentz for Getty Images)", "Beyonce Covers COMPLEX Mag, Talks \"Rival\" Rihanna, Choosing Her New Sound, & Kanye Bringing Her To Tears", "Hillary Clinton was the first First Lady to appear on the cover of Vogue for the December, 1998 issue", "Madonna graced the cover of Playboy in September 1985. She caused quite a stir earlier that year for nude photos she had taken in 1978.", "In 2003 Rihanna and her group were presented to producer Evan Rogers, who spent his holidays in Barbados with her wife. While Rogers attended the hearing of the trio, said that \"When Rihanna was moving in the room, the other two girls as if they had never existed.\" The band performed with the single of Destiny's Child Emotions . The following year, she went with her mother in Stamford in Connecticut to reach the house of Rogers. Just turned sixteen, Rihanna moved to the U.S. following the moves of Evan and his wife. Following Carl Sturken helped her to record four demo songs, including the ballad Last Time, a reinterpretation of Whitney Houston For the Love of You and what would become her first hit, Pon de Replay. The demos were sent to various record companies. Some of Rihanna recordings came to Def Jam Recordings, who offered her a contract for six albums.", "Garland, Madge, Review of The Man Who Was Vogue: The Life and Times of Condé Nast, Financial Times, September 11, 1982.", "In 2007, Mariah received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. That same year, she appeared clothed on the cover of the March edition of Playboy magazine." ]

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