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D302736

http://www.dictionary.com/browse/superinfection

superinfection

superinfection [ soo -per-in-fek-sh uh n]Spell Syllables Word Originnoun, Pathology.1. marked proliferation of a parasitic microorganism during antimicrobial treatment for another infection. Origin of superinfection Expand1920-1925First recorded in 1920-25; super- + infection Dictionary.com Unabridged Based on the Random House Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2018. Cite This Sourcesuperinfection in Medicine Expandsuperinfection su·per·in·fec·tion (sōō'pər-ĭn-fěk'shən) n. The act or process of superinfecting a cell or an organism. An infection following a previous infection, especially when caused by microorganisms that have become resistant to the antibiotics used earlier. The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. Cite This Source Discover our greatest slideshows Six words that can ruin your...10 Of The Saddest Words (Or... The Oldest Words In The English...10 Words That Will Show Your Age Browse more topics on our blog What Is the Difference Between Discreet and Discrete? Learn the correct uses of these two commonly confused homophones. What Character Was Removed from the Alphabet? What mistaken pronunciation gave this character its name? Apostrophes 101This small mark has two primary uses: to signify possession or omitted letters. How Do I Get a Word into the Dictionary? People invent new words all the time, but which ones actually make it?

D781446

http://www.groovypost.com/howto/create-outlook-2016-email-signature/

Outlook 2016: How To Create and Use a Signature

How-To Outlook 2016: How To Create and Use a Signature By Andre Da Costa Last Updated on February 12, 2018Adding a signature in the desktop version of Outlook hasn’t changed much over the past few versions. But, if you’re new to Outlook 2016, here’s how it’s done. Share Tweet Share Email Comments You can personalize your emails with a signature that provides essential contact information that recipients can use to engage with you. Think of it as a way of attaching a business card to every new message or reply you send. You can also have multiple signatures for different accounts. Using Outlook in Office 2016 or Office 365, we will show you how to set one up. Types of Information to Include in Your Signature Social media handle, i.e., Twitter, Facebook, Instagram Link to your website or blog Telephone number or alternate email address Create a Signature in Outlook 2016First, launch Outlook 2016 then select File > Options. Next select the Mail tab and then Signatures. Select New and type in a name for the signature you’re creating. Enter the information you would like to include with your email signature. There are plenty of formatting options there, i.e. adding links, changing fonts, adding an image. Each time you compose a new email or reply, it will automatically add your signature. You can also choose your signature on the fly depending on the person you’re emailing. Just select the Message tab then click Signature from the Include group. The process hasn’t changed much through the different iterations of Outlook over the past few years. But, if you’re new to Outlook 2016, now you’ll know how to create a quality signature, which is of particular importance in business. If you’re running an older version of Outlook, check out one of our tutorials below for adding a signature to your version. Add a Signature in Outlook 2013Add a Signature in Outlook 2010Or if you’re using the web version, here’s how to create a signature in Outlook.com (and yes, there are too many versions of Outlook. )11 Comments Related Items: microsoft office, Office 2016, outlook Share Tweet Share Email Best of groovy Post Reviews What is Wikipedia? A Beginners Guide How-To Restrict Mature Netflix Content from Kids with Parental Controls How-To How to Air Play Music and Video from i Phone or i Pad to Xbox One Featured Lifehacks How-To How To Share Phone Contacts Via i Message and Whats App How-To Convert Virtually Any Audio File Format to MP3 the Easy Way How-To How to Hack RWPFE Water Filters for Your GE Fridge About | groovy Post.com Contact Privacy Policy Terms of Service Staff Subscribe Donate Copyright © 2007-2017 groovy Post LLC | All Rights Reserved

D244854

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nonconformity

nonconformity

nonconformitynoun non·con·for·mi·ty \ ˌnän-kən-ˈfȯr-mə-tē \Popularity: Bottom 40% of words | Updated on: 14 Feb 2018Trending Now:oligarch glib depose omnibus acrimony ALLExamples: nonconformity in a Sentence Time Traveler! Explore the year a word first appeared Definition of nonconformity1 a: failure or refusal to conform to an established churchb often capitalized: the movement or principles of English Protestant dissentc often capitalized: the body of English Nonconformists2: refusal to conform to an established or conventional creed, rule, or practice3: absence of agreement or correspondence See nonconformity defined for English-language learners See nonconformity defined for kids Examples of nonconformity in a Sentence As a teenager, he was embarrassed by his parents' nonconformity.an artistic movement that doesn't tolerate nonconformity Recent Examples of nonconformity from the Web By contrast, however, the 11th Circuit, in Evans v. Georgia Regional Hospital, declined to reconsider the case of Jameka Evans, a Georgia security guard who alleged employment discrimination on the basis of her sexuality and gender- nonconformity.— julie moreau /, NBC News, "Lesbian firefighter's legal win further divides courts on anti-gay discrimination," 29 Jan. 2018The book explored the essentiality of individualism, the stifling censorship to which Soviet intellectuals submitted themselves, and the euphoric liberation experienced by those who embraced nonconformity and its consequences.— douglas murray, National Review, "The Russian Revolution, 100 Years On: Its Enduring Allure and Menace," 30 Oct. 2017The Australian songwriter known for penning tunes for Beyonce, Rihanna, and many others dives in with an entire album of all-original new holiday tunes called Everyday Is Christmas that includes this celebration of nonconformity.— dan deluca, Philly.com, "Christmas music playlist: The Roots & Paul Mc Cartney to Gwen Stefani and Joe Scarborough," 14 Dec. 2017These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'nonconformity.' Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback. First Known Use of nonconformity1606nonconformity Synonyms Synonymsdissent, dissidence, heresy,heterodoxy Antonymsconformity, orthodoxy Near Antonymsagreement, conformation,conventionality Related Wordserror, fallacy, falsehood,misbelief, misconception, myth;apostasy, defection, infidelity,schism, sectarianism, separatism;deviance, deviation, iconoclasm,unconventionality;disagreement,discord, dissension ( alsodissention)NONCONFORMITY Defined for English Language Learnersnonconformitynoun Definition of nonconformity for English Language Learners: failure or refusal to behave the way most people behave: failure or refusal to conform Law Dictionarynonconformitynoun non·con·for·mi·ty \ ˌnän-kən-ˈfȯr-mə-tē \legal Definition of nonconformityplural nonconformities1: failure to conform to or comply with something (as contract requirements)a lessee may revoke acceptance of a lot…whose nonconformity substantially impairs its value — Uniform Commercial Code2: a particular aspect in which something is nonconformingcannot revoke an acceptance he made with knowledge of a nonconformity —J. J. White and R. S. Summers Learn More about nonconformity See words that rhyme with nonconformity Thesaurus: All synonyms and antonyms for nonconformity Spanish Central: Translation of nonconformity Nglish: Translation of nonconformity for Spanish speakers Seen and Heard What made you want to look up nonconformity? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).show

D1905127

https://www.reddit.com/r/Cooking/comments/3u8yd0/how_long_can_my_turkey_rest_after_roasting/

.

all 14 commentssorted by: best Want to add to the discussion? Post a comment!Create an account [–] hanginwithfred 13 points 2 years ago Professional cook here! Meat should rest for 1/3 of the total cooking time. I pull my bird out and let it rest on the counter while I prep sides, and I cover it with foil to keep the heat in. Almost two hours later it was still piping hot, and the juices were hella redistributed.permalink embed save [–] Alabama Aviator [ S] 3 points 2 years ago Good to know! I'll tent it, and check temp after an hour. If it falls below 140 I'll cooler it to hold itpermalink embed save parent [–] slurple 5 points 2 years ago I did a 16.8lb turkey this past Sunday and covered it with foil right out of the oven and then rested for 90 min, it was still warm when we cut into it.permalink embed save [–] anbeav 1 point 2 years ago I purposely do a long rest in the oven at 150F but a turkey stays warm a long time out of the oven and is usually fine served with hot gravypermalink embed save [–] gkaukola 1 point 2 years ago7 days. Source? The crazy hermit dude from northern Minnesota.permalink embed save [–] Emilyanny4u 1 point 2 years ago Most recipes and from what I have read say 30 minutes to let the juices to spread. I would think that 90 minutes maybe too long as the meat may start to get cold. If you cover it it may be able to last longer.permalink embed save [–] Alabama Aviator [ S] 1 point 2 years ago Yea, good call. I'll throw it in a cooler to keep it warm. Just want to make sure I have that extra hour buffer in case it takes longer to get to temp that I am thinking.permalink embed save parent [–] cynikal Ahole99 8 points 2 years ago Just tent it in foil...it should make it an hour easy...permalink embed save parent [–] kylekornkven 0 points 2 years ago Gordon Ramsey says to rest your turkey for as long as you cooked it. I did it last month, rested for 3 hours before serving. I don't think it added a lot. It was cold, but covered with hot gravy. The extra time allowed me to makes some pretty spectacular gravy, though.permalink embed save [–] Oneusee 3 points 2 years ago3 hours is kinda overkill..permalink embed save parent [–] Alabama Aviator [ S] 2 points 2 years ago Yea, that seems excessive. Have some people who probably won't eat gravy, so want the turkey to be warm. Im going to shoot for an hour rest...and I am PUMPED about my gravy.permalink embed save parent [–] rifrif 1 point 2 years ago Really? I was gonna say that i was sure gordon ramsey said HALF the cooking time.permalink embed save parent [–] Malreg 1 point 2 years ago Nope, he says you should let it rest for the same amount of cooking time. I just watched the video because my sister and I are thinking about trying it out this week-end as a test run for Christmas:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5PFXhdf VT8permalink embed save parent [–] emeraldcityengineer 0 points 2 years ago Remember to try and keep it above 140F if you can, anywhere below this and you fall into what they call the "Danger Zone", like Top Gun but much less exciting. It's the temperature range (40F - 140F) in which bacteria are most likely to propagate. Not really critical for the day of, but will affect how long your leftovers will stay good in the fridge. Cooler is a great idea, I also would suggest maybe an electric blanket in the cooler on low to help add a bit of heat. Cover the turkey with foil, then a towel, then the electric blanket.permalink embed save

D700739

https://www.nowfoods.com/now/nowledge/best-date-faqs

"Best By" Date FAQs

Home / NOW / NOWledge"Best By" Date FAQs Share this NOWledge: What is the “Best By” date that is printed on all NOW Foods’ dietary supplements? The Best By date refers to the date recommended that you use the product by for best physical and/or sensory quality. It is not an expiration date, but rather the date by which NOW Foods recommends consumption. If a product is past the Best By date, does this mean that I shouldn’t consume the product? Not necessarily. Although the product is past our recommended consumption date, if it still maintains good sensory and quality characteristics, you may decide to continue consumption. Your decision should depend on several factors, including how the product has been stored in your home and whether or not the product is discolored, rancid, or noticeably changed. For example, if the product was refrigerated, or kept in a cool dry place, and looks and smells normal this may allow for consumption after the Best Buy date. If any signs of degradation are evident it’s best to discard the product. How should I best store my products? Always refer to the product label first for any special storage conditions. Generally speaking, dietary supplements are foods and should be stored like foods. Cool, dry conditions are best; and refrigeration can extend product life. Hot and/or humid conditions, such as those found in bathrooms and kitchens, may shorten product life. What if I open and close the bottle? The Best By date takes into account normal daily usage. Recommended best practices are to open the bottle, remove the exact amount of product you wish to consume, and then close the lid tightly. If consuming the product more than once a day, try to remove the total amount needed for the day at one time. Make sure to tightly close the lid after each use. Related NOWledge More About Digestive Support View Article Five Tips to Transition Back-to-School View Article The Importance of Digestive Health for Kids View Article Nutrition and Supplement Facts Label Changes: What’s New? View Article More About Probiotics & Stability View Article How Do You Choose a Probiotic? View Article More About Detoxification View Article More About Green Tea View Article More About Green Foods View Article More About Herbal Extracts View Article More About Probiotics View Article Swaps You Can Do NOW for Healthier Habits View Article

D1582330

http://www.townofwilkeson.com/sample-page/

History

History Historical Images Courtesy Of Wilkeson Historical Society Local History: By Donna Hogerhuis, Wilkeson Mayor, 2010-2014Wilkeson lies in a narrow valley in the Cascade foothills of northern Pierce County along the meandering Gale Creek. Wilkeson was once divided into two sections: “uptown” which no longer exists was a company town where housing, businesses and land was owned by the mining company; and “downtown” originally named Hope was independent, where business and homes were owned by families. Few people know the significance of Wilkeson to the existence of early Tacoma and Northern Pacific Railway. When Wilkeson coal was brought into Tacoma by wagon in 1874, the Northern Pacific Railway (NP) was already eyeing the area. Coal was needed to fuel the shipping industry, foundries and homes along the west coast. NP was running out of funds to pay its workers and investors. It was one of two companies commissioned by congress to build a transcontinental line. In exchange congress gave the railroad every other section of land along the route to pay for their efforts in their charter. The officials of NP had declared Tacoma as the future main terminus but paying investors would be a challenge. The discovery of Wilkeson coal deposits meant that Tacoma, with its natural deep harbors, had the potential as the leading coal loading port of Puget Sound. In 1876, the then NP Vice President, George Stark, stated: “The building of the Puyallup Branch for the development of our coal resources, seems to be the one wheel, which if started, will put the whole train in motion, and I trust that ways and means will be devised to accomplish it at an early date.” The Puyallup branch, built by both European and Chinese laborers opened in 1877 from Tacoma to the “Wilkeson” depot. NP investors bought up the mines and the first coal shipments were transported the next year. The Wilkeson mines and sandstone quarry provided jobs for thousands of European immigrants (Welsh, Italians, Yugoslavians, Russians, Swedes, Germans, Austrians, and more) at the turn of the century. A few Chinese laborers also stayed until they were forcibly removed in 1885. It was here were the Wilkeson’s 160 coke ovens roared for days, and lit the skies at night, smelting the raw coal for impurities. The finished product, Coke, was taken by rail to Tacoma for foundries or to be loaded on waiting ships for San Francisco. Here too, at the turn of the century, sandstone was quarried and transported for use in building churches, businesses and roads especially in Tacoma. Wilkeson’s sandstone is the building material used for Washington’s State Capital. As the coal industry declined, many of the mining towns that once dotted the Carbon Valley have since disappeared, only Wilkeson and Carbonado have survived. Today Wilkeson’s Centennial Monument Park near the town hall that honors over 340 men who lost their lives in the mines. It tells of the history of the area, and the people who made it possible. Today Wilkeson has over five sites on the National Register the Wilkeson, Arch, the Coke Ovens, the Wilkeson Quarry, the Trinity Orthodox Church and the Pete Home. The town hall is currently being proposed by the Wilkeson Historical Society for listing. Many more sites are eligible. Fifty five sites were listed on the state register in the 1908s more than any other town at that time. In 1992, the Wilkeson Booster Club sponsored Wilkeson’s first Tour of Historic Homes & Buildings. Here is a brochure with map and information on the nine sites that were highlighted. Wilkeson-Walking-Tour-1992If you have any inquiries regarding Wilkeson history, or previous resident name, you can send those to : WHS, PO Box 300, Wilkeson, WA 98396or drop an email to : donna4281@hotmail.com . She will attempt to answer your question or find your ancestor. Listing of the old Wilkeson Cemetery markers is located here: Wilkeson Cemetery (Old Section)

D3313368

https://constitution.laws.com/three-fifths-compromise

What was the Three-Fifths Compromise?

What was the Three-Fifths Compromise? What was the Three-Fifths Compromise? Share The proposal for apportionment for the determination of each state’s number of seats in the House of Representatives became an issue when the Constitution was being drafted in 1787. Aside from being a complex system and method for calculating the population through the census and then establishing a number of seats for representation, the issue as to who was eligible to be counted for the population was a topic of controversy. However, it is no surprise that this agreement is known as the Three-Fifths Compromise, for the Constitution itself was born out of compromise between the Framers of the Constitution. However, the Three-Fifths Compromise is arguably the most controversial topic, for it delegates that all slaves of a particular state are to be counted as three-fifths of a white person. The population of slaves would be counted as three-fifths in total when apportioning Representatives, as well as Presidential electors and taxes. The Three-Fifths Compromise was proposed by James Wilson and Roger Sherman, who were both delegates for the Constitutional Convention of 1787. However, the Three-Fifth Compromise has its roots further back in history, dating back to the Continental Congress in 1783. The Compromise was a result of the apportionment of taxes being related to land values. Initially, taxes were levied not in accordance to the population numbers, but the actual value of the land. Many states began to depreciate the value of the land in order to provide for relief from their taxes. A committee was held that would rectify the situation by implementing the apportionment of taxes in relation to the state’s population. However, this idea was met with the dispute over how to consider slaves in the apportionment process and the actual ratio of slaves to free people at that time. For the most part, those who opposed slavery only wanted to consider the free people of a population, while those in favor wanted to include slaves in the population count. This would provide for slave holders to have many more seats in the House of Representatives and more representation in the Electoral College. Many ratios were considered, such as three-fourths, one-half, and one-quarter. After much debate, it would be James Madison that would suggest the Three-Fifths Compromise. However, the Three-Fifths Compromise would not be adopted until the Constitutional Convention because the Compromise was not approved by all of the states and the Articles of Federation required a unanimous vote. The implementation of the Three-Fifths Compromise would greatly increase the representation and political power of slave-owning states. The Southern states, if represented equally, would have accounted for 33 of the seats in the House of Representatives. However, because of the Three-Fifths Compromise, the Southern states accounted for 47 seats in the House of Representatives of the first United States Congress of 1790. This would allow for the South to garner enough power at the political level, giving them control in Presidential elections. However, as time moved forward, the Three-Fifths Compromise would not provide the advantage for which the Southern states and slave-owners had hoped. The Northern states grew more rapidly in terms of population than the South. Even though Southern states had essentially dominated all political platforms prior to the Civil War, afterward that control would be relinquished slowly but surely. It would not be until the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was be enacted in 1865 that the Three-Fifths Compromise would be rendered obsolete. Commentscomments No related posts. Share Related Articles Understanding Congress Legislative Power Article 1 Overview Bicameral Legislature Background Overview

D3015809

https://www.wevorce.com/blog/dr-romance-tips-to-overcome-marriage-mistrust/

Dr. Romance: Tips to Overcome Marriage Mistrust

Dr. Romance: Tips to Overcome Marriage Mistrust Relationships: When your Partner Travels, Tips to Keep your Relationship on Track“O, beware… of jealousy; it is the green-eyed monster,” wrote William Shakespeare in the sixteenth century. In 400 years, we don’t seem to have been able to tame or conquer this monster. Nothing will harm your relationship more than jealousy, suspicion or mistrust. Especially when you are apart, you need to find a way to trust each other. Jealousy is still very present with us and rears its ugly head often in all relationships, and when you are not together, your imagination can run wild and make it even more of a problem. What happens when one of you becomes jealous? Most jealousy is not based on any real betrayal. Usually, it is a fearful fantasy of what might happen. Jealousy involves various combinations of fear, suspicion, envy, rage, competitive failure, humiliation, grief, self-contempt, betrayal, and abandonment. Sigmund Freud thought jealousy was a delusion rising from excessive dependence and lack of self-esteem. Jealousy is often based on insecure feelings of wanting to own the other person and not allow him or her to fill different needs with different people; but because we can’t be everything to each other, most jealousy is illogical and unrealistic. Most people consider jealousy normal, and it is common to experience the feeling, but I don’t believe it should be accepted as okay in a relationship, because it’s a corrosive emotion that comes from a feeling of inferiority. It’s insulting to yourself and to your partner because when you’re jealous, you’re thinking that someone else is more attractive to your partner than you are and that your partner is not loyal. Jealousy is usually less about your partner’s behavior than it is about what you’re afraid the behavior means. Jealousy can lead to upsetting arguments, tears, resentment and accusations, even when no actual infidelity exists. You can be fearful, self-protective and jealous as a result of being hurt in a previous relationship, acting as if you believe your partner will hurt you the same way you were hurt by someone else. OVERCOMING THE MONSTERMost jealousy arises when someone feels insecure or threatened — either you’re afraid of losing your relationship, or that someone else will get the attention (love, affection) you want. The most important thing you can do is to remember that when you handle jealousy properly, it will be a passing emotion you discuss with each other, not a disaster. Here are some steps you can use to overcome jealousy in your commuter relationship: Contemplating Divorce? Our online, attorney-supported divorce solution could save you thousands. Take our short quiz to see if you qualify.1. Have you talked to your spouse about getting a divorce? Yes, we’ve discussed it seriously It’s been mentioned, but not discussed seriously No, we’ve not discussed it yet Step 1. Discuss your jealous feelings, if you have them. Where do they come from? Have you been betrayed or abandoned before? Perhaps it was by a previous partner? Or possibly it was a family member? Did something trigger your jealous thoughts this time? Does your partner sometimes have jealous feelings, too? Be willing to open up about how you feel, and to hear how your partner feels. You can’t reach a mutually satisfactory result if you don’t tell the truth or listen to your partner. Step 2. Make some rules about behavior when you’re apart. Is it OK to go to lunch with a member of the opposite sex? What about dinner? Can you work out together or work on projects at night? What if the other person is married? Make sure you and your partner feel comfortable with your agreements: Once you have a list you can live with, promise to abide by it; as long as you’re willing to keep your promise. Later, when you both feel more secure, you may be able to relax the limits. Don’t push too hard, demand the impossible, or risk too much, because you’ll frighten each other. Keep in mind that jealousy breaks down trust. If you begin to be upset, talk about it and encourage your partner to do the same. Step 3. Make changes together. If you want to change your agreements, talk about any changes before you act on them, and keep each other up to date. Lying to your partner about whether you broke the rules is far more damaging than whatever you did. If you make a mistake, confess it, and offer some kind of plan to fix the problem. If it’s your partner who goofed, hear what he or she has to say before blaming or getting upset. Be willing to talk about it, and give yourselves a chance to solve the problem. If either of you cannot behave within your agreements, or cannot keep your jealousy within bounds, then get professional counseling to avoid creating a marital disaster. Step 4. Cultivate Patience If you take your time and keep your communication open, the trust between you will grow. You’ll eventually figure out that both of you are doing your best to stay within the bounds. As you learn and grow together, your trust will gradually build; and as it grows stronger, you can begin to relax the rules and allow yourselves more flexibility and freedom. Step 5. Be Gentle with each other. Do your best not to get angry at each other for being jealous. Resist punishing or controlling your partner, especially if he or she hasn’t really broken any mutual agreements. If one of you misunderstood and is jealous for no reason, be willing to apologize and reassure each other of your love and faithfulness. You’ll have much better luck if you remain calm, jealousy as a normal, human problem and work it out together. About the author : Source: Excerpted from “The Commuter Marriage (Adams Media, 2008)” by Tina B. Tessina, Ph. D.,a licensed psychotherapist in Southern California with more than 30 years experience in counseling individuals and couples and author of 11 books, including “It Ends With You: Grow Up and Out of Dysfunction (New Page);” “How to Be a Couple and Still Be Free (New Page)”; “The Unofficial Guide to Dating Again (Wiley),” and “The Real 13th Step: Discovering Self-Confidence, Self-Reliance and Independence Beyond the Twelve Step Programs (New Page. )” Her newest books, out from Adams Press in 2008: “Money, Sex and Kids: Stop Fighting About the Three Things That Can Ruin Your Marriage” and “Commuter Marriage.”

D548999

http://www.va.gov/jobs/job_benefits/salary_awards.asp

VA JOBS

Salary, Awards, and Recognition VA offers a complete compensation package that recognizes the quality of our workforce and rewards their contribution to our success. We offer: Competitive pay rates Recruitment incentives Pay increases Premium pay Incentive pay COMPETITIVE PAY RATESAs a VA employee, you may be eligible for competitive starting rates based on: Education and training Experience Duties required by the position Guidelines from professional boards Adjustments for specific locations to keep pay competitive. Top of page RECRUITMENT INCENTIVESAs a new hire, you may be eligible for special recruitment incentives: Recruitment bonus: New hires may receive up to 25 percent of the rate of basic pay. Relocation bonus: VA employees who temporarily or permanently relocate to a different commuting area, without a break in service, may receive up to 25 percent of the rate of basic pay. Retention allowance: VA values its employees. You may receive up to 25 percent of the rate of basic pay to remain with the Government. Top of page PAY INCREASESFederal employees may receive: Regular performance-based increases Accelerated increases for outstanding performance Pay comparability increases approved by the President. Top of page PREMIUM PAYPremium pay is available to employees whose work schedule includes: Overtime work Sunday work Saturday work (for certain health care personnel)Holiday work Time spent on-call (for certain health care occupations)Evening and night work Top of page INCENTIVE AWARDSVA offers many forms of incentive awards, including: Superior Performance Awards Special Contribution Awards Quality Step Increases VA Honor Awards Non-Monetary Recognition Title 38 Awards Top of page Find Out More About VA Job Benefits: Salary, Awards, and Recognition Protecting Your Income Managing Your Health Planning for Your Future Achieving Work and Life Balance Time Away from Workreturn to top

D994070

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grog

Grog

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about alcoholic beverages. For other uses, see Grog (disambiguation). Grog Grog is any of a variety of alcoholic beverages. The word originally referred to a drink made with water and rum, which British Vice Admiral Edward Vernon introduced into the naval squadron he commanded in the West Indies on 21 August 1740. Vernon wore a coat of grogram cloth and was nicknamed Old Grogram or Old Grog. The Merriam–Webster Collegiate Dictionary, which agrees with this story of the word's origin, states that the word grog was first used in this sense in 1770, though other sources cite 1749. In modern times the term grog has had a variety of meanings in a number of different cultures. Contents [ hide ]1 Modern usage2 Origin and history2.1 Various recipes3 See also4 References Modern usage [ edit]Modern versions of the drink are often made with hot or boiling water, and sometimes include lemon juice, lime juice, cinnamon, or sugar to add flavor. Additionally in the United States, apple cider is sometimes substituted for water. [1] [ self-published source] Rum with water, sugar, and nutmeg was known as bumbo and was more popular with pirates and merchantmen. By contrast, in Australia and New Zealand, the word has come to mean any alcoholic drink. In Sweden and some subcultures within the English-speaking world, grog is a common description of drinks not made to a recipe (in Sweden the mixture is usually between 25%–50% spirit and 50%–75% soft drink ), but by mixing various kinds of alcoholic and soft drinks, fruit juice or similar ingredients (in the US this would be a highball with no defined proportions). The difference between Swedish grog and long drinks, mixed drinks or punches is the number of ingredients. The number of ingredients in drinks may vary, but grog typically has just one kind of liquor (most commonly vodka or brännvin, cognac or eau de vie) and one kind of a non-alcoholic beverage. Grosshandlargrogg ('wholesaler grog') refers to a mix of eau de vie and Trocadero (a caffeinated apple-and-orange-flavoured soft drink). In some parts of Europe, notably Belgium and France, grog is used for a hot drink, usually made of black tea, lemon juice, honey and a splash of rum. It is a popular winter drink, said to be a remedy for the common cold. In Fiji, the term grog refers to a drink made by pounding sun-dried kava root into a fine powder and mixing it with cold water. Traditionally, grog is drunk from the shorn half-shell of a coconut, called a bilo. [2]Grog has also been used as a metaphoric term for a person's vices, as in the old Irish song " All For Me Grog ". The beverage has also lent its name to the word groggy. Origin and history [ edit]This section cites its sources but does not provide page references. You can help to improve it by introducing citations that are more precise. (September 2010) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Sailors require significant quantities of fresh water on extended voyages. Since desalinating sea water was not practical, fresh water was taken on board in casks but quickly developed algae and became slimy. Stagnant water was sweetened with beer or wine to make it palatable, which involved more casks and was subject to spoilage. As longer voyages became more common, the task of stowage became more and more difficult and the sailors' then-daily ration of a gallon of beer [ citation needed] [ dubious – discuss] began to add up. Following England 's conquest of Jamaica in 1655, a half pint or "2 gills " of rum gradually replaced beer and brandy as the drink of choice. Given to the sailor straight, this caused additional problems, as some sailors saved the rum rations for several days to drink all at once. Due to the subsequent illness and disciplinary problems, the rum was mixed with water. This both diluted its effects and accelerated its spoilage, preventing hoarding of the allowance. Vernon's 1740 order that the daily rum issue of a half pint of rum be mixed with one quart of water and issued in two servings, before noon and after the end of the working day, became part of the official regulations of the Royal Navy in 1756 and lasted for more than two centuries. This gives a ratio of 4:1 (water:rum). Some writers have claimed that Vernon also added citrus juice to prevent spoilage and that it was found to prevent scurvy. This is not the case and is based on a misreading of Vernon's order in which, having instructed his captains to dilute the sailors's daily allowance of rum with water, he says that those members of the crew "which......are good husbandmen may from the saving of their salt provisions and bread, purchase sugar and limes to make it more palatable to them." [3] In other words, there was no official addition of lime juice or other substance at this time – any addition was the result of a voluntary choice, made by and paid for by the men themselves, and done solely if they wanted to improve the taste. It seems unlikely that many men would have spent their meagre pay on such a thing. Likewise, it had nothing to do with combating scurvy, which was a disease of long ocean voyages – not of squadrons operating among islands where there was an abundance of fruits and fresh foodstuffs – and was seen by the medical establishment (incorrectly) as the consequence of poor digestion and internal putrefaction. [4] Standard medical remedies focussed on 'gingering up' the system by imbibing a variety of (ineffective) fizzy or fermenting drinks. Until an official daily issue of lemon juice was introduced into the Royal Navy in 1795, scurvy continued to be a debilitating disease which destroyed men and disabled ships and whole fleets. Practical seamen and surgeons however had known from practical experience that vitamin C, in the form of citrus juice, cured scurvy and in 1795, in defiance of medical opinion, the Admiralty and the admirals introduced lemon juice and sugar as a regular part of the naval diet. [5] When a few years later Spain allied itself with France and lemons became unobtainable, West Indian limes were substituted. It was from this time that British obtained the nickname limeys. Royal Navy grog ration The name "grog" probably came from the nickname of Admiral Vernon, who was known as "Old Grog" because he wore a grogram cloak. American Dialect Society member Stephen Goranson has shown that the term was in use by 1749, when Vernon was still alive. [6] A biographer of Daniel Defoe has suggested that the derivation from "Old Grog" is wrong because Defoe used the term in 1718, [7] but this is based on an erroneous citation of Defoe's work, which actually used the word "ginger." [8]The practice of serving grog twice a day carried over into the Continental Navy and the U. S. Navy. Robert Smith, then Secretary of the Navy, experimented with substituting native rye whiskey for the imported rum concoction. Finding the American sailors preferred it, he made the change permanent. It is said his sailors followed the practice of their British antecedents and took to calling it "Bob Smith" instead of grog. Unlike their Navy counterparts, American merchant seamen were not encouraged to partake of grog [ dubious – discuss]. In his 1848 testimony before a parliamentary committee, Robert Minturn of Grinnell, Minturn & Co "stated that teetotalism not only was encouraged by American ship-owners, but actually earned a bonus from underwriters, who offered a return of ten percent of the insurance premium upon voyages performed without the consumption of spirits ... The sailors were allowed plenty of hot coffee, night or day, in heavy weather, but grog was unknown on board American merchant ships." [9]Although the American Navy ended the rum ration on 1 September 1862, the ration continued in the Royal Navy. The temperance movements of the late 19th century began to change the attitude toward drink and the days of grog slowly came to an end. In 1850 the size of the tot was halved to a quarter of a pint (140 m L) per day. The issue of grog to officers ended in 1881, and to warrant officers in 1918. On 28 January 1970, the "Great Rum Debate" took place in the House of Commons, and on 31 July 1970, the last pipe of "Up Spirits" in the Royal Navy was heard and is referred today as " Black Tot Day ". (Although all ratings received an allowance of an extra can of beer each day as compensation. )Royal Navy grog tub, found on HMS Cavalier Until the grog ration was discontinued in 1970, Navy rum was 95.5 proof, or 54.6% [10] alcohol; the usual ration was an eighth of a pint, diluted 2:1 with water (3:1 until World War II). Extra rum rations were provided for special celebrations, like Trafalgar Day, and sailors might share their ration with the cook or with a messmate celebrating a birthday. Until the early 20th century, "six water grog" (rum diluted with water at a 6:1 ratio) was sometimes issued as a punishment to sailors found guilty of drunkenness or neglect. Over time the distribution of the rum ration became encrusted with elaborate ritual. At 11 am the boatswain's mate piped 'Up spirits,' the signal for the petty officer of the day to climb to the quarterdeck and collect (1) the keys to the spirit room from an officer, (2) the ship's cooper, and (3) a detachment of Royal Marines. In procession, they unlocked the door of the spirit room, and witnessed the pumping into a keg of one eighth pint of rum for every rating and petty officer on the ship aged 20 or more and not under punishment. Two marines lifted the keg to the deck, standing guard while a file of cooks from the petty officers' messes held out their jugs. The sergeant of marines poured the ration under direction of the chief steward, who announced the number of drinking men present in each petty officer's mess. The rest of the rum was mixed in a tub with two parts water, becoming the grog provided to the ratings. At noon, the boatswain's mate piped Muster for Rum, and the cooks from each mess presented with tin buckets. The sergeant of marines ladled out the authorised number of "tots" (half-pints) supervised by the petty officer of the day. The few tots of grog remaining in the tub ('plushers') were poured into the drains (" scuppers ") visibly running into the sea. The petty officers were served first, and entitled to take their rum undiluted. The ratings drank their grog in one long gulp when they finished their work around noon. In the early stages of British settlement in Australia, the word grog entered common usage, to describe diluted, adulterated and sub-standard rum, obtainable from sly-grog shops. In the early decades of the Australian colonies such beverages were often the only alcohol available to the working class. Eventually in Australia, and New Zealand, the word grog came to be used as a slang collective term for alcohol, such as going to the "grog shop" to buy grog. Honoring the 18th century British Army regimental mess and grog's historical significance in the military, the United States Navy, United States Air Force, and United States Army carry on a tradition at its formal dining in ceremonies whereby those in attendance who are observed to violate formal etiquette are "punished" by being sent to "the grog" and publicly drink from it in front of the attendees. The grog usually consists of various alcoholic beverages mixed together, unappealing to the taste, and contained in a toilet bowl. A non-alcoholic variety of the grog is also typically available for those in attendance who do not consume alcohol and can contain anything from hot sauce to mayonnaise intended to make it unappealing to the taste as well. The practice continued in the Royal Navy until " Black Tot Day ", on 31 July 1970, [11] when concerns over crew members operating machinery under the influence led to the rum ration being abolished. [12]Various recipes [ edit]While many claim to make a traditional Navy grog recipe, there are several accepted forms. The Royal Navy's grog recipe includes lemon juice, water, rum, and cinnamon. A commonly found recipe in the Caribbean includes water, light rum, grapefruit juice, orange juice, pineapple juice, cinnamon, and honey. See also [ edit]Drink portal Glögg List of hot beverages List of rum producers Pusser's Splice the mainbrace References [ edit]^ "I Am The Grog Master: The Official Phoodie.info Grog Recipe". Retrieved 3 April 2016.^ "Fiji -> In depth -> Food and Drink". www.frommers.com. Frommers. Retrieved 7 August 2014.^ Ranft., B. L. (1958). The Vernon Papers. London: Navy Records Society. pp. 417–9.^ Vale, Brian (2008). "The Conquest of Scurvy in the Royal Navy 1793–1800: a Challenge to Current Orthodoxy". The Mariner's Mirror.^ Vale and Edwards (2011). Physician to the Fleet; the Life and Times of Thomas Trotter 1760–1832. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. pp. 29–33. ISBN 978-1-84383-604-9.^ Grog Archived 4 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine. (8 Sep 2008).^ Richard West, The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Daniel Defoe 227 (1998).^ Daniel Defoe, The Family Instructor, Vol. 2, p. 291 (1718).^ Clark, Arthur H. (1910). The Clipper Ship Era: An Epitome of Famous American and British Clipper Ships, Their Owners, Builders, Commanders, and Crews, 1843–1869. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, The Knickerbocker Press. p. 109.^ Alcohol Proof and Alcohol by Volume: Definitions and Explanations^ "Splicing the Mainbrace". Royal Navy. 11 July 2005. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 5 November 2006.^ Dan van der Vat (20 May 2004). "Obituary: Admiral of the Fleet Lord Hill-Norton". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 November 2006. Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase & Fable, Millennium Edition, revised by Adrian Room, 2001Constance Lathrop, "Grog," U. S. Naval Institute Proceedings, Mar 1935, pp. 377–380; letter, Robert Smith to Keith Spence, 11 November 1808, RG 45 (M209, Vol. 9), DNATyrone G. Martin, "Bob Smith," Encyclopedia of the War of 1812, New York: Garland Publishing Co., 1998James Pack, Nelson's Blood: The Story of Naval Rum Naval Institute Press, 1982Christopher Mc Kee, Sober Men and True: Sailor Lives in the Royal Navy 1900–45, Harvard, 2003Computer games: The Secret of Monkey Island, Monkey Island 2: Le Chuck's Revenge and The Curse of Monkey Island by Lucas Arts. Categories: Cocktails with rum British cuisine British distilled drinks Royal Navy traditions Rums Indigenous Australian culture Australian Aboriginal culture

D2196966

http://www.legacyhousingltd.com/showdealer.aspx?dealer=80

For More Information, Call:

Frequently Asked Questions Get Directions Setup Appointment Contact Housing Specialist Get a Free Catalog Visit Website Sales Manager Gilbert Moore Housing Specialists Locate Us Oasis Homes 4065 Seven Rivers Highway Carlsbad, NM 88221 Ph. (575) 706-0246Videos Address: Oasis Homes4065 Seven Rivers Highway Carlsbad, NM 88221 Ph. (575) 706-0246Hours of Operation Mon-Friday: 9am -7pm Saturday: 9am - 7pm Sunday: Closed Visit Oasis Homes in Carlsbad for the latest in affordable, high-quality Legacy Housing manufactured homes. We stock many Legacy Housing floorplans and can always custom build direct from the factory. Our sales manager Gilbert Moore can help you customize a floor plan that fits your family's needs. Oasis Homes's commitment to your total satisfaction has earned our recognition as a premium home selling partner. Call Gilbert Moore at (575) 706-0246 today for more info or click the "Request More Info" button above. You can also visit Oasis Homes on the web at Featured Floorplan - 3248-32BModels Available from Oasis Homes634 sq feet 2018 Legacy 1644-11FKB 1 1View Model822 sq feet 2018 Legacy 1656-21FKB 2 1View Model942 sq feet 2018 Legacy 1664-22A 2 2View Model1005 sq feet 2018 Legacy 1668-22B 2 2View Model1125 sq feet 2018 Legacy 1868-22FKB 2 2View Model1130 sq feet 2018 Legacy 1676-32C 3 2View Model1130 sq feet 2018 Legacy 1676-32D 3 2View Model1193 sq feet 2018 Legacy 1680-32Q 3 2View Model1193 sq feet 2018 Legacy 1680-32D 3 2View Model1193 sq feet 2018 Legacy 1680-32M 3 2View Model1193 sq feet 2018 Legacy 1680-32H 3 2View Model1193 sq feet 2018 Legacy 1680-32K 3 2View Model1248 sq feet 2018 Legacy 3244-32B 3 2View Model1256 sq feet 2018 Legacy 1684-32B 3 2View Model1256 sq feet 2018 Legacy 1684-42B 4 2View Model1336 sq feet 2018 Legacy 1880-32H 3 2View Model1336 sq feet 2018 Legacy 1880-32D 3 2View Model1336 sq feet 2018 Legacy 1880-32F 3 2View Model1336 sq feet 2018 Legacy 1880-42B 4 2View Model1372 sq feet 2018 Legacy 3248-32B 3 2View Model1497 sq feet 2018 Legacy 3252-32D 3 2View Model1622 sq feet 2018 Legacy 3256-32E 3 2View Model1622 sq feet 2018 Legacy 3256-32K 3 2View Model1622 sq feet 2018 Legacy 3256-42B 4 2View Model1746 sq feet 2018 Legacy 3260-32B 3 2View Model1756 sq feet 2018 Legacy 325664-32B 3 2View Model1789 sq feet 2018 Legacy 3264-32BP 3 2View Model1865 sq feet 2018 Legacy 3264-32B 3 2View Model2051 sq feet 2018 Legacy 3276-43BP 4 3View Model2120 sq feet 2018 Legacy 3272-43B 4 3View Model2120 sq feet 2018 Legacy 3272-53B 5 3View Model2369 sq feet 2018 Legacy 3280-425B 4 2.5View Model2494 sq feet 2018 Legacy 3284-535B 5 3View Model2667 sq feet 2018 Legacy 3680-435FLPB 4 3.5View Model2667 sq feet 2018 Legacy 3680-43B 4 3View Model

D1957722

http://www.homefacts.com/weather/California/San-Diego-County/Lemon-Grove.html

Lemon Grove, CA Weather Data

Lemon Grove, CA Weather Data Lemon Grove, CA Current Weather Data Loading Current Weather Data... Sponsored Lemon Grove, CA Historical Weather Trends*Historical weather data collected from San Diego, CA0 20 40 60 80Dec Nov Oct Sep Aug Jul Jun May Apr Mar Feb Jan Lemon Grove, CALemon Grove, CA area Highlights Home Facts & Property Reports56 Offenders Found Total Crime Rating 63.00Environmental Concerns Found!2017 Test Scores are Available!Lemon Grove, CA Chance of Sunshine Month % Sunny Clear Days Partly Cloudy Days Cloudy Days January 63.33% 12 7 11February 64.29% 10 8 10March 64.52% 11 9 11April 66.67% 10 10 10May 63.33% 8 11 11June 70.00% 9 12 9July 83.87% 13 13 5August 87.10% 15 12 4September 80.65% 15 10 6October 75.00% 14 10 8November 76.67% 15 8 7December 68.75% 14 8 10Lemon Grove, CA Historical Temperature Month Average Max Average Min Average January 56.8° 68.42° 45.12°February 55.58° 65.47° 45.65°March 58.73° 68.27° 49.15°April 60.97° 69.65° 52.22°May 63.6° 71.1° 56.08°June 66.6° 73.57° 59.6°July 69.96° 76.8° 63.08°August 73.68° 81.92° 65.36°September 72.17° 81.3° 63°October 66.83° 76.83° 56.75°November 61.14° 71.26° 50.94°December 55.16° 64.5° 45.74°Lemon Grove, CA Rainfall and Snowfall Average Month Average Rainfall Average Snowfall January 1.2 Inches 0 Inches February 2.62 Inches 0 Inches March 0.8 Inches 0 Inches April 0.66 Inches 0 Inches May 0.19 Inches 0 Inches June 0.02 Inches 0 Inches July 0 Inches 0 Inches August 0.01 Inches 0 Inches September 0.1 Inches 0 Inches October 0.68 Inches 0 Inches November 1.4 Inches 0 Inches December 3.1 Inches 0 Inches Lemon Grove, CA Energy Demand Month Avg. Daily HDD (?) Avg. Daily CDD (?) Total January 8.38 0.2 8.58February 9.22 0.03 9.25March 6.23 0.23 6.46April 4.43 0.67 5.1May 2.03 1.14 3.17June 0.53 2.36 2.89July 0.04 6.24 6.28August 0.02 8.87 8.89September 0.04 6.88 6.92October 1.03 3.1 4.13November 4.6 0.93 5.53December 9.85 0.05 9.9

D3436185

https://www.caninejournal.com/why-do-dogs-howl/

A-oooooo! Why Do Dogs Howl?

A-oooooo! Why Do Dogs Howl? Amy Robinson Updated: September 25, 2017 Behavior 3 Comments6 24 364 4 3 4 Total: 405This post may contain affiliate links and we’ll be compensated if you make a purchase. This doesn’t affect rankings. Our review process. Dogs use vocalization to express all kinds of emotions. Yips, barks, muffled snorts and even sneezes all have meanings that the dog is trying to express. Try hiding a tasty treat in your closed fist and your dog will let you know just how he feels about that. The most primal, hair-raising sound the dog makes comes from deep in his throat, when he holds his nose high, purses his lips and howls like a wolf. Indeed, dogs get their habit for howling from their closest ancestor, the gray wolf. What does it mean when dogs howl? Read on to learn more about dogs that howl and find out more. Similarities Between Dogs and Wolves In evolutionary terms, pet dogs are separated from wolves by mere minutes. Our Pomeranians and poodles still retain many wild instincts from their tougher ancestors. If your dog howls, digs in the yard or steals your socks, you can probably blame the wolf. Or, just sing along. Why Dogs Howl? Wolves howl in groups to warn a rival pack about territory boundaries and to beckon home pack members that venture from the den to hunt. Both the timbre and volume of howling carries much further than barking, so a wayward wolf can find his way back to the pack by following the call. Can All Dogs Howl? Domestic dogs are a member of genus Canis that forms part of the wolf-like canids. As a result, all dogs have wolve-like behaviors but some are a bit more vocal than others. Dog breeds that howl like wolves include Alaskan Malamutes, American Eskimo Dogs, Beagles, Bloodhounds, Coonhounds, Dachshunds, Foxhounds, Huskies, and other traditional hunting dogs. Why Do Dogs Howl At Sirens? With enough prompting, most dogs will howl along with sustained noises like sirens, which mimic the low-to-high sound of a classic howl. You might coax your dog to sing along with you if you hold certain notes in your favorite song, too. This type of howling might be akin to cheerleading, a common practice among wolves that involves short duration howls, yips and yodels meant to pump up the pack before a hunt. Why Do Dogs Howl At Night? Howling in pet dogs can indicate separation anxiety or loneliness. This may explain why dogs howl at night more than during the day. The next time you go out to dinner or to a late movie, circle around the block and take a listen in front of your house. If you hear a low-pitched wailing, your dog may just be missing you and trying to call you back home as his wolf cousins would do. Do All Dogs Howl Like Wolves? Hound breeds like beagles and basset hounds hardly need a stage to bust out their best vocal performance. Part of the reason these breeds love to vocalize is their hunting function. Their big voices tell a hunter they have treed their prey or trapped it in a burrow. Breeds that look much like wolves tend to use their vocal skills too, like Siberian huskies, malamutes, and any sled dog mix. These working dogs have the adventurous trait of wanting to see what is over that next hill, and since they often live in groups with other like-minded dogs, howling becomes a bonding activity between them. Video: Wolves Howl Like Dogs Here is a video of a wolf howling. Notice the body language and the upright position of the wolf’s nose. The breeds mentioned above howl similarly to this wolf. Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video. What Emotion Is Expressed When My Dog Howls? All howling is not sad, despite how it may sound to our ears. Dogs express joy by howling, too. They may tilt their noses up and howl when they see a best pal at the dog park, or to announce the arrival of a favorite friend or college kid returning home for spring break, like the human version of “Woo hoo! !” when pizza delivery arrives. Howling Beliefs In Egypt The belief that dogs have supernatural or psychic abilities has a long history and is found in many cultures. In ancient Egypt, a howling dog was often thought to portend a death and was thought to be very bad luck. Anubis was worshipped as the god of the dead, and was depicted as having the head of a dog, so many believed that a dog that howled at night called a soul to the god Anubis. Your Dog Barking Up The Wrong Tree? If your dog is howling so much they should be on the next season of American Idol or The Voice? Don’t worry. There are remedies to help your dog keep an inside voice. You can try an online dog training course, a sonic collar, a no bark dog collar or a combination of all three. You can also learn more about why dogs bark to better understand what they might be trying to communicate. Why do you think your dog howls? Comments:3 Comments Related Topics: Barking6 24 364 4 3 4 Total: 405Sign up to Receive our Free Dog Guide E-Book and Monthly Newsletter!

D202812

http://new.abb.com/network-management/communication-networks/wireless-networks/mesh-routers

Broadband Mesh Routers

Broadband Mesh Routers Customers use Trop OS broadband mesh routers and Micr OS client nodes from ABB to build highly resilient, high capacity wireless networks for aggregating multiple, mission-critical applications covering broad geographic areas. All Trop OS mesh routers run Trop OS Mesh OS, the key to delivering high reliability, performance and scalability. It is the industry's only mesh routing software that dynamically selects end-to-end paths through the mesh network based on maximizing end-to-end throughput and minimizing latency. Trop OS Mesh OS leverages each mesh router's on-board intelligence to minimize network congestion and adapt power and data rate on a real-time, packet-by-packet basis. Different Trop OS and Micr OS models are optimized for different applications. The product lines can be broken down as follows: Pole mounted core routers include the Trop OS 6420. Edge nodes including the cabinet mounted Trop OS 2410. Client nodes including the cabinet mounted Micr OS 411 and the pole mounted Micr OS 410. Mobile mesh routers including the Trop OS 4310-XA mobile router. For an explanation of core routers, edge nodes and client nodes, please see the broadband mesh product selector.

D1482410

https://weather-and-climate.com/average-monthly-Rainfall-Temperature-Sunshine,Odessa,Ukraine

CLIMATE: AVERAGE MONTHLY WEATHER IN Odessa, Ukraine

Home > Ukraine > Climate Odessa CLIMATE: AVERAGE MONTHLY WEATHER IN Odessa, Ukraine What's the best time to go to Odessa in Ukraine? Here are some annual weather facts we collected from our historical climate data: During the months of June, July, August and September you are most likely to experience good weather with pleasant average temperatures. On average, the warmest month is July. On average, the coolest month is January. July is the wettest month. This month should be avoided if you don't like too much rain. April is the driest month. Do these climate conditions match with when you want to go to Odessa in Ukraine? Get a great hotel deal here (and this way we get a commission and we are able to keep this website free for everyone). For more information, see the weather forecast and our average climate infomation (by month in graphs) below. * Data from nearest weather station: Odessa, Ukraine (0.0 KM). Average minimum and maximum temperature over the year The monthly mean minimum and maximum daily temperature. Show in Fahrenheit »Get the embed code Average monthly hours of sunshine over the year This is the monthly total of sunhours Get the embed code Average water temperature over the year The monthly mean water temperature. Show in Fahrenheit »Get the embed code Average monthly precipitation over the year (rainfall, snow)This is the mean monthly precipitation, including rain, snow, hail etc. Show in Inches »Get the embed code Average monthly rainy days over the year This is the number of days each month with rain, snow, hail etc. Get the embed code Average humidity over the year This is the mean monthly relative humidity Get the embed code Average wind speed over the year This is the mean monthly wind speed (meters per second)Get the embed code Weather Forecast for Odessa Show in Fahrenheit WEDPartly cloudy15°C13°CTHUPatchy rain possible16°C11°CFRIPartly cloudy15°C12°C5-Day Forecast ▶10-Day Forecast ▶

D752376

https://supportforums.cisco.com/discussion/10325411/what-customer-edge-router-and-provider-edge-router

what is customer edge router and provider edge router

mahesh18 New Member 03-30-2008 03:33 PMwhat is customer edge router and provider edge router Can someone explain we what is CER and PER and in which network we use them? Solved! Go to Solution. LAN Switching and Routing I have this problem too0 Helpful Reply2 ACCEPTED SOLUTIONSRichard Burts Hall of Fame Super Silver03-30-2008 03:41 PMRe: what is customer edge router and provider edge routermahesh We frequently see these terms used in MPLS networks. the Customer Edge Router (CER) is the router on the Customer side of the connection and that provides connectivity to the interior of the Customer network and to the MPLS cloud. the Provider Edge Router (PER) is the router on the Provider side of the connection and that provides connectivity from the MPLS cloud to the Customer network. HTHRick5 Helpful Reply Richard Burts Hall of Fame Super Silver03-30-2008 05:52 PMRe: what is customer edge router and provider edge routermahesh I am glad that the answers that Sundar and I provided were able to resolve your question. Thank you for using the rating system to indicate that your question was resolved (and thanks for the rating). It makes the forum more useful when people can read a question and can know that they will read responses that did resolve the question. The forum is an excellent place to learn about Cisco networking. I encourage you to continue your participation in the forum. HTHRick0 Helpful Reply4 REPLIESRichard Burts Hall of Fame Super Silver03-30-2008 03:41 PMRe: what is customer edge router and provider edge routermahesh We frequently see these terms used in MPLS networks. the Customer Edge Router (CER) is the router on the Customer side of the connection and that provides connectivity to the interior of the Customer network and to the MPLS cloud. the Provider Edge Router (PER) is the router on the Provider side of the connection and that provides connectivity from the MPLS cloud to the Customer network. HTHRick5 Helpful Replymahesh18 New Member 03-30-2008 04:02 PMRe: what is customer edge router and provider edge router Thanks for your reply Rick.so PER is physically located at Telco office Right?0 Helpful Replysundar.palaniap pan Green 03-30-2008 05:38 PMRe: what is customer edge router and provider edge router Mahesh,No, that would be on the MPLS service provider, not Telco, side facing the customer. PEs usually sit on the edge of the MPLS cloud and connect to the CEs that are usually located at the customer premise. HTHSundar5 Helpful Reply Richard Burts Hall of Fame Super Silver03-30-2008 05:52 PMRe: what is customer edge router and provider edge routermahesh I am glad that the answers that Sundar and I provided were able to resolve your question. Thank you for using the rating system to indicate that your question was resolved (and thanks for the rating). It makes the forum more useful when people can read a question and can know that they will read responses that did resolve the question. The forum is an excellent place to learn about Cisco networking. I encourage you to continue your participation in the forum. HTHRick0 Helpful Reply Latest Documents SSH slow on ASR9001 : 1s delay to get KEXDH_REPLYCreated by Christian Jouas on 11-17-2017 08:37 AM0 0Question We run asr9001 with XR 6.1.3, and we have a very long delay to login w/ SSH 1 or 2 to the device compare to IOS device. After investigation, the there is 1s delay between the client KEXDH_INIT and the server (XR) KEXDH_REPLY. After debug ssh serv... view more OSPF Virtual Links: Transit capability Created by asofrani on 11-08-2017 11:27 AM0 0Introduction The purpose of this document is to demonstrate the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) behavior when the V-bit (Virtual-link bit) is present in a non-backbone area. The V-bit is signaled in Type-1 LSA only if the router is the endpoint of one or ... view more Cisco Prime patch installation issues Created by jon.ellis on 10-30-2017 10:48 AM0 5Hi, I am seeing quite a few issues with patch install and wanted to share my experience and workaround to this. Login to admin via CLI, then access root with the “shell” command Issue “df –h” and you’ll probably see the following directory full or nearly ... view more All Documents

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D973724

http://library.hsh.com/articles/government-programs/respa-the-real-estate-settlement-procedures-act/

RESPA: The Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act

RESPA: The Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act HSH.com RESPA: The Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act The Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA) is a consumer protection statute, first passed in 1974. One of its purposes is to help consumers become better shoppers for settlement services. Another purpose is to eliminate kickbacks and referral fees that increase unnecessarily the costs of certain settlement services. RESPA requires that borrowers receive disclosures at various times. Some disclosures spell out the costs associated with the settlement, outline lender servicing and escrow account practices and describe business relationships between settlement service providers. RESPA also prohibits certain practices that increase the cost of settlement services. Section 8 of RESPA prohibits a person from giving or accepting any thing of value for referrals of settlement service business related to a federally related mortgage loan. It also prohibits a person from giving or accepting any part of a charge for services that are not performed. Section 9 of RESPA prohibits home sellers from requiring home buyers to purchase title insurance from a particular company. Generally, RESPA covers loans secured with a mortgage placed on a one-to-four family residential property. These include most purchase loans, assumptions, refinances, property improvement loans, and equity lines of credit. HUD's Office of Consumer and Regulatory Affairs, Interstate Land Sales/RESPA Division is responsible for enforcing RESPA. More RESPA Facts DISCLOSURES:30 Yr. Fixed - Mortgage Rates from Our Lenders in Washington Lenders Rate APR Monthly Payment Details Sammamish Mortgage 4.375% 4.400% $999 Learn More Quicken Loans 4.990% 5.087% $1,073 Learn More Loan Depot, LLC 4.125% 4.357% $969 Learn More Close Your Own Loan.com 4.125% 4.355% $969 Learn More Rocket Mortgage 4.750% 4.846% $1,044 Learn More Ad Disclosure Rates Last Updates: 04/7/2018 More Mortgage Rates Disclosures At The Time Of Loan Application When borrowers apply for a mortgage loan, mortgage brokers and/or lenders must give the borrowers:a Special Information Booklet, which contains consumer information regarding various real estate settlement services. (Required for purchase transactions only).a Good Faith Estimate (GFE) of settlement costs, which lists the charges the buyer is likely to pay at settlement. This is only an estimate and the actual charges may differ. If a lender requires the borrower to use of a particular settlement provider, then the lender must disclose this requirement on the GFE.a Mortgage Servicing Disclosure Statement, which discloses to the borrower whether the lender intends to service the loan or transfer it to another lender. It also provides information about complaint resolution. If the borrowers don't get these documents at the time of application, the lender must mail them within three business days of receiving the loan application. If the lender turns down the loan within three days, however, then RESPA does not require the lender to provide these documents. The RESPA statute does not provide an explicit penalty for the failure to provide the Special Information Booklet, Good Faith Estimate or Mortgage Servicing Statement. Bank regulators, however, may impose penalties on lenders who fail to comply with federal law. Disclosures Before Settlement (Closing) Occurs A Controlled Business Arrangement (CBA) Disclosure is required whenever a settlement service provider involved in a RESPA covered transaction refers the consumer to a provider with whom the referring party has an ownership or other beneficial interest. The referring party must give the CBA disclosure to the consumer at or prior to the time of referral. The disclosure must describe the business arrangement that exists between the two providers and give the borrower estimate of the second provider's charges. Except in cases where a lender refers a borrower to an attorney, credit reporting agency or real estate appraiser to represent the lender's interest in the transaction, the referring party may not require the consumer to use the particular provider being referred. The HUD-1 Settlement Statement is a standard form that clearly shows all charges imposed on borrowers and sellers in connection with the settlement. RESPA allows the borrower to request to see the HUD-1 Statement one day before the actual settlement. The settlement agent must then provide the borrowers with a completed HUD-1 Settlement Statement based on information known to the agent at that time. Disclosures at Settlement The HUD-1 Settlement statement shows the actual settlement costs of the loan transaction. Separate forms may be prepared for the borrower and the seller. it is not the practice that the borrower and seller attend settlement, the HUD-1 should be mailed or delivered as soon as practicable after settlement. The Initial Escrow Statement itemizes the estimated taxes, insurance premiums and other charges anticipated to be paid from the escrow account during the first twelve months of the loan. It lists the escrow payment amount and any required cushion. Although the statement is usually given at settlement, the lender has 45 days from settlement to deliver it. Disclosures After Settlement Loan servicers must deliver to borrowers an Annual Escrow Statement once a year. The annual escrow account statement summarizes all escrow account payments during the servicer's twelve month computation year. It also notifies the borrower of any shortages or surpluses in the account and advises the borrower about the course of action being taken. A Servicing Transfer Statement is required if the loan servicer sells or assigns the servicing rights to a borrower's loan to another loan servicer. Generally, the loan servicer must notify the borrower 15 days before the effective date of the loan transfer. As long the borrower makes a timely payment to the old servicer within 60 days of the loan transfer, the borrower cannot be penalized. The notice must include the name and address of the new servicer, toll-free telephone numbers, and the date the new servicer will begin accepting payments. Respa's Consumer Protections And Prohibited Practices Section 8: Kickbacks, Fee-Splitting, Unearned Fees Section 8 of RESPA prohibits anyone from giving or accepting a fee, kickback or any thing of value in exchange for referrals of settlement service business involving a federally related mortgage loan. In addition, RESPA prohibits fee splitting and receiving unearned fees for services not actually performed. Violations of Section 8's anti-kickback, referral fees and unearned fees provisions of RESPA are subject to criminal and civil penalties. In a criminal case a person who violates Section 8 may be fined up to $10,000 and imprisoned up to one year. In a private law suit a person who violates Section 8 may be liable to the person charged for the settlement service an amount equal to three times the amount of the charge paid for the service. Section 9: Seller Required Title Insurance Section 9 of RESPA prohibits a seller from requiring the home buyer to use a particular title insurance company, either directly or indirectly, as a condition of sale. Buyers may sue a seller who violates this provision for an amount equal to three times all charges made for the title insurance. Section 10: Limits on Escrow Accounts Section 10 of RESPA sets limits on the amounts that a lender may require a borrower to put into an escrow account for purposes of paying taxes, hazard insurance and other charges related to the property. RESPA does not require lenders to impose an escrow account on borrowers; however, certain government loan programs or lenders may require escrow accounts as a condition of the loan. At settlement, Section 10 of RESPA prohibits a lender from requiring a borrower to deposit more than the aggregate amount needed to cover escrow account payments for the period since the last charge was paid, up until the due date of the first mortgage installment. During the course of the loan, RESPA prohibits a lender from charging excessive amounts for the escrow account. Each month the lender may require a borrower to pay into the escrow account no more than 1/12 of the total of all disbursements payable during the year, plus an amount necessary to pay for any shortage in the account. In addition, the lender may require a cushion, not to exceed an amount equal to 1/6 of the total disbursements for the year. The lender must perform an escrow account analysis once during the year and notify borrowers of any shortage. Any excess of $50 or more must be returned to the borrower. Respa Enforcement Civil law suits Individuals have one (1) year to bring a private law suit to enforce violations of Section 8 or 9. A person may bring an action for violations of Section 8 or 9 in any federal district court in the district in which the property is located or where the violation is alleged to have occurred. HUD, a State Attorney General or State insurance commissioner may bring an injunctive action to enforce violations of Section 8 or 9 of RESPA within three (3) years. Loan Servicing Complaints Section 6 provides borrowers with important consumer protections relating to the servicing of their loans. Under Section 6 of RESPA, borrowers who have a problem with the servicing of their loan (including escrow account questions), should contact their loan servicer in writing, outlining the nature of their complaint. The servicer must acknowledge the complaint in writing within 20 business days of receipt of the complaint. Within 60 business days the servicer must resolve the complaint by correcting the account or giving a statement of the reasons for its position. Until the complaint is resolved, borrowers should continue to make the servicer's required payment. A borrower may bring a private law suit, or a group of borrowers may bring a class action suit, against a servicer who fails to comply with Section 6's provisions. Borrowers may obtain actual damages, as well as additional damages if there is a pattern of noncompliance. Other Enforcement Actions Under Section 10, HUD has authority to impose a civil penalty on loan servicers who do not submit initial or annual escrow account statements to borrowers. Borrowers should contact HUD's Office of Consumer and Regulatory Affairs to report servicers who fail to provide the required escrow account statements. Filing a RESPA Complaint Persons who believe a settlement service provider has violated RESPA in an area in which the Department has enforcement authority (primarily sections 8 and 9), may wish to file a complaint. The complaint should outline the violation and identify the violators by name, address and phone number. Complainants should also provide their own name and phone number for follow up questions from HUD. Requests for confidentiality will be honored. Complaints should be sent to: Director, Interstate Land Sales/RESPA Division Office of Consumer and Regulatory Affairs U. S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Room 9146 451 7th Street, SW, Washington, DC 20410More information about RESPA, including the complete text of the statute, updates, proposed modifications, etc, can be found at the RESPA Home Page, which is part of the FHA Housing Web site. More help from HSH.com Recommended Reading >> Connect with Lenders HSH.com on the latest move by the Federal Reserve The Federal Reserve concluded a meeting today, raising the federal funds rate; the target range for the key policy tool is now 1.5 to 1.75 percent. Home price recovery index: Which metros have improved the most, least? Have home prices in your area fully recovered from the declines suffered during the Great Recession, or are they still struggling to make it back to the peak it reached before the crisis? How long do I have to own or live in my home to qualify for the capital gains tax exclusion when I sell? You can exclude capital gains on the sale of your primary residence if you meet the IRS's ownership and use requirements.10 metros where a home costs about $1,000/month HSH.com identifies 10 metro areas where you can afford the principal, interest, taxes and insurance payments on a median-priced home for only around $1,000 per month. Metropolitan area definitions Metro area definitions for the 50 metropolitan areas in "The salary you must earn to buy a home in 50 metros"

D501360

https://www.phone.instantcheckmate.com/dialed-in/how-to-trace-a-phone-number/

Who Called Me? How To Safely Trace An Unknown Number

Lookup Tools Who Called Me? How To Safely Trace An Unknown Number Tracing a phone number starts with one simple tool everyone should use. By: Ed Smith | March 10, 2015How To Trace A Phone Number Don't pick up an unidentified number Make a note of the unknown number Run the digits through a Reverse Phone Lookup to find the caller's name. Want more data? Run a background check to view their location history, social media profiles, and even criminal records So, want to know how to trace a phone number? We’re all familiar with the Hollywood version of tracing phone calls. From James Bond to Jack Bauer, the hero gets a phone call from the villain and struggles to keep them talking in order to trace the call. In real life, there’s no need to keep a caller on the phone for 30 seconds (or pick up at all) — and it doesn’t require super sleuth gadgetry, either. Enter any name below!Search An Unknown Caller Keeps Ringing Have you ever had an unknown number call your phone only to hang up without leaving a message? It's even worse when the same number won’t stop calling the following day. When your cell starts buzzing after dark with an unknown number, it's particularly disturbing. Is it a harassing debt collection agency, or perhaps an ex looking to reconnect? Is it drunk Auntie Wanda from the county jail? What if there's an overdue bill that you need to know about? Could You Be A Victim Of An Unidentified Number? So what’s the big deal? Just answer the phone and find out who is calling you, right? Wrong. Although the temptation may be overwhelming, it’s never a good idea to answer a call when the number is unrecognized, especially if they’re aggressively calling you without leaving a message. If it really were a family emergency, they’d leave a voicemail. Think about how different all those horror movies would be if the victim had never picked up the phone!Here’s why you should never answer calls from a number you don’t recognize. Telemarketers and sales calls can confirm the line is active and repeatedly call back. Scammers and con artists have made thousands by bamboozling innocent targets. Stalkers primarily use cell phones to terrorize their prey. Predators randomly call numbers to find victims. But not every unknown caller has sinister intentions. Perhaps you’ve given out your number to a cute bartender and have been waiting for this call all week. Or maybe your credit card company needs to give you some important data. Wouldn’t it be great to know exactly who you were going to speak with before calling them back? Follow these steps and find out who it is right now!Investigate The Area Code An area code may reveal more about your caller than you think. Beware of any foreign area codes, as many scammers operate from outside the United States. Toll-free numbers such as 800, 866, 877, 888, and 855 are usually associated with telemarketers and sales calls. You can choose to opt out of sales calls at donotcall.gov. Unfortunately, despite the fact that three quarters of all Americans are on the Do Not Call Registry, 100,000 consumers file a complaint every month claiming that they are still relentless pursued by robocalls. Just because the area code is from inside the United States does not necessarily mean it’s not a scammer. Criminal scam rings outside of the USA have been known to clone US area codes in order to lull their victims into a false sense of security. Use Facebook To Look Up An Unknown Caller Have you ever noticed that when you call a new friend, they suddenly pop up on Facebook under "People You May Know?" If you’re using Facebook on your i Phone or Android, the app can snoop through all the numbers in your contacts. Take a quick scan through suggested friends, and see if any new faces pop up. Enter any name below!Search You can also use Facebook to search phone numbers. Most people have disabled this feature in their privacy settings, so accuracy and results are not guaranteed. Trace An Unknown Number The easiest and most efficient way to safely find the identity of a mystery caller is to use a Reverse Phone Lookup. Simply type in the number and in a matter of seconds, you can uncover their identity, their cellular network, and even a little bit more!If you want all the available details about your mystery caller, run their name through Instant Checkmate. This site aggregates thousands of public records to bring the true facts to light. You could find criminal records, nearby sex offenders, hidden social media profiles, and more! Click here to get started. Here are some of the benefits of using a Reverse Phone Lookup: Facebook is a two-way street. If you look up someone by their phone number, Facebook will remember you’ve viewed their profile and possibly suggest you as a friend to them. If you’re suspicious that the calls may be predatory in nature, avoid all contact with the person in question. Search results may include a name and a map of their location. Perhaps it’s someone in your neighborhood, but you can’t quite place them. With easy access to a background check, you can uncover details like social media pages (for photo identification) or more sinister details, such as whether they’re on the sex offender registry or have been linked to a violent crime. Get the upper hand on scammers. Perhaps you received a legitimate sounding message from your bank. Look it up! When available, reverse phone records will tell you immediately if the number is legit, or if you may be the target of fraud. Always report fraudulent phone calls to the authorities and your bank. Protection is the best prevention, and should these swindlers try to drain your savings, a bank that has been alerted will take steps to block any suspicious transactions. Once you have a name, try running a full background check to see what other juicy details might pop up. Maybe the caller has a detailed criminal record — or maybe it's just an old friend from high school who wants to get back in touch. Finding out is easy!Want even more tips on how to protect yourself from scammers? Head on over to Instant Checkmate's Pinterest! We've got entire boards dedicated to helping you stay one step ahead of the bad guys. Check out our boards on safety tips, cyber security, and public safety. We even have a reverse lookup phone tips board that's full of useful tricks to help you get the most out of your cell. Learn more by reading our in-depth review of Instant Checkmate. Enter any name below!Search DISCLAIMER: It is PROHIBITED by law to use our service or the information it provides to make decisions about consumer credit, employment, insurance, tenant screening, or for any other purpose subject to the Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 USC 1681 et seq. Instant Checkmate does not provide consumer reports and is not a consumer reporting agency. The information available on our website may not be 100% accurate, complete, or up to date, so do not use this information as a substitute for your own due dilligence, especially if you have concerns about a person’s criminal history. Instant Checkmate does not make any representation or warranty about the accuracy of the information available through our website or about the character or integrity of the person about whom you inquire. For more information, please review Instant Checkmate Terms of Use .

D2130130

http://normbb.com/scorpions

SCORPIONS

SCORPIONSSCORPION SERVICE & REPORT480-406-2888Norm’s Bug & Bee Control’s Nighttime Blacklight & Spray Servicecompares with the competition as follows: Although we expect our customers to have much longer scorpion-relief than 2 months from this one-time service, we give a guarantee of free callbacks for 2 months. Competition: usually offers no guarantee. We blacklight and spray. Competition normally just blacklights. Blacklighting by itself just cannot provide the guaranteeable results that make this service worthwhile. We treat the entire property: inside and outside of the house; front yard, backyard and fence, with both blacklight and spray. Competition varies but does only part of what we do and only using the blacklight. We start after 10:00 pm at night. Competition starts earlier; right after dark when the scorpion activity is less. Because we spray and do a more thorough job than the competition we spend from 30 minutes to over an hour longer than the competition. We service the East Valley including Queen Creek and San Tan Valley. FREE SCORPION REPORTThe following report, written by the president of Norm’s Bug & Bee Control, based in Tempe, Arizona, is for people who have been unable to get rid of scorpions in their home. Correct knowledge is an important key to eliminating the problem of scorpions in the home: The information I provide here is poorly understood, even by many pest control technicians, mostly, of course, the inexperienced ones. I’ll be explaining scorpions’ habits, what you can do when someone is stung, how to maintain your property to minimize their presence, sealing your home, and the blacklight service that can be performed by you or a pest control company. First some good news to keep in mind. It appears that no-one has reported having permanent physical after-effects from scorpion stings. Scorpions normally hide and are inactive during the day; are practically blind and do not like to move around unless forced to do so. When you see or hear of a scorpion running at someone, as if to attack, they actually are simply running blind and fearful. A third characteristic is they bear their young alive. This means that once you get rid of your scorpion problem, it is unlikely to come back quickly or at all as (unlike other pests around the home like crickets and cockroaches) there are no eggs to hatch later. On the negative-news side, it’s useful to know scorpions can go a long time without food; under ideal circumstances up to 6 months or longer. They are also very resistant to most pesticides. Of the many scorpions I have seen, I have never seen any jump but I have seen where they have fallen from having crawled up a tree, wall, etc. Usually problems with scorpions occur when they are found inside the home. Although many people have scorpions outside, since they don’t see them they don’t worry about them or even think they have them. This is because they are normally active at night and don’t like to move around out in the open. Scorpion activity peaks in the humid month of August. They do not hibernate but their activity is at a minimum during the cold winter months, so much so that it just appears that they hibernate. Enter the scorpion A common way they enter your home is through the bottom of the hinged doors to the outside. Often that’s the front door and the door to the garage. So if you are having scorpion problems inside your home, one of the first things to check is the condition of the weather-stripping on the bottom of these hinged doors. This can be done at night with your spouse or a friend. Turn off as many lights as you can and have the other person shine a flash-light slowly and repeatedly along the bottom of the closed hinged door while you carefully observe for any light ‘leaking’ through, thereby identifying the small openings in the weather-stripping that would allow a small, thin bark scorpion to crawl through. Because scorpions have a special way of flattening their legs down, the space necessary for a small one to crawl through is deceptively smaller than one would think. It is these small bark scorpions that have the powerful nerve-toxin. The sting of some of the larger species like the Desert Hairy are not venomous to humans. However the less venomous and larger species are frequently too big to fit under the available openings in a home unless they are in the juvenile stage when they are difficult to distinguish from their venomous cousins. So, either way, when you find them in your home, it is best to assume they are venomous and proceed accordingly. You shouldn’t rely on door- or window-screens to keep them out of doors or windows left open. These screens are not usually tight-fitting enough and scorpions, attracted by the cool moist air, can flatten themselves down and slip in through the small openings. Vents and lights People often hear about scorpions coming out of air-conditioning vents or finding them in the overhead light fixtures. The concern is how big an access for scorpions is the attic into the home and what can be done about it. The short answer is the attic is not an access point for a scorpion problem and therefore nothing needs to be done. The reasons are that the air-conditioning system is a closed system, the temperature in the attic can reach more or less 140 degrees, and is insulated. It is unlikely that scorpions at a particular house can repeatedly crawl all the way up the wall into the attic, survive the extreme heat while crawling through insulation, to find that big-enough leak in the air-conditioning system and thereby into the house through the vent. Occasionally someone will see one crawl out of the vent. This is most likely because they didn’t see the scorpion crawl into the vent from being already inside the house. When daylight approaches scorpions will seek cover. Some may crawl behind the vent cover or into the vent itself. As things darken or if the scorpion is in someway disturbed, they’ll crawl back out giving the wrong impression that they came from the attic. The exception to the above is when a house is new. Because it takes months for a house to be built and finally sealed, scorpions can become sealed into the attic or air-conditioning system. Over time they find their way into the home, again giving the wrong, fearful impression that they’re coming from outside into the home through the attic. Even years after a house has been built some people have argued that they just found some dead scorpions in an overhead light fixture. Upon further investigation it is usually determined that the light fixture had not been cleaned for many years prior and that the dead scorpions most likely had been there all that time.‘Good boy’, good mouser It appears that cats are immune to venomous scorpions. So a good ‘mouser’ with an affinity for scorpions is a helpful pet to have. Scorpions are strange enough that their odd shape and movement seem to attract the attention of cats and a dog’s alarm instinct. Several times I’ve heard of dogs sounding the alarm over the sight of a scorpion. An example was told to me by a customer, a mom with a young child, who explained in wonder how they observed their small Russell-Terrier repeatedly try to body-slam one on the wall. What to do, what to do Scorpions are neutral in color and when not moving are difficult to recognize against a neutral background like the carpet and walls in many homes. I think people usually notice them when they move. Their sting is like that of a bee and leaves no mark but the area is tender and can be painful to the touch. Take note that very young children often cannot explain what has happened when they get stung. Also, children appear to be more susceptible to the nerve poison. The elderly and infirm are also more affected. Reactions can range from minor discomfort to severe and occasionally fatal. However, to help put things in perspective, it’s not rare for a healthy adult to experience nothing more than just some discomfort for a few days. Symptoms vary from burning sensations, numbness and dizziness, loss of some muscle control and other symptoms, from a little to a lot. Over half of my customers that have been stung have experienced only a little or just some discomfort. Poison Control has 3 phone numbers that are very good to have and use in the event of any suspected stinging. The numbers are 602-253-3334, 1-800-222-1222 and 1-800-362-0101. You can find them right after the cover page of any of the Qwest phone books. Be sure to check and keep the phone numbers up-to-date in the rare event that they are changed. The poison control centers here in Arizona have a good reputation and have a good checklist they follow in determining the severity of a scorpion sting. In many stinging incidents people are advised to wait and see. The poison control center will sometimes follow up later with a call to gauge the status of a person. If you need to go to a hospital emergency room, do so safely by using an ambulance and calling 911. Consider too that because scorpions can repeatedly use their exposed stinger (unlike a bee that only uses it once and then dies) a scorpion sting can be dirty and can cause a local infection called a secondary infection. To minimize this, people should swab with alcohol or other disinfectant any areas stung by scorpions (and, by the way, also by ants, wasps, etc.). Too much fear, then not enough I am concerned that in the last few years the pendulum of fear has swung too far the other way. A few years ago I was listening to an entomologist speaking on the television saying how exaggerated the fear of scorpions was and that if you find them in your home you should somehow carefully pick them up and release them into your garden for useful pest control. At the annual continuing education classes I attended as a pest control company president, a new entomologist tried to convince a crowd of over 300 pest control applicators that it had been sensible of him to release into the nearby desert some 200 to 300 scorpions he had collected from a problem site. Putting it politely, we were clearly not convinced. A few of my customers have experienced great discomfort or pain over several days subsequent to being stung and therefore this potential should not be taken lightly. Scorpions are nocturnal and, as I mentioned previously, almost blind. It bears repeating that they don’t lay eggs but bear their young alive; and don’t like to move around. Surprisingly, they are distantly related to the spider. Like the spider they are a hunter that does not like to move around and looks to position itself for prey to come to it. When the insect prey gets close enough or touches the scorpion’s pincers the scorpion reacts very quickly and grabs it and starts eating it and if necessary, stinging it. Using a blacklight, you can sometimes find a scorpion crawling slowly around the outside perimeter of the house or fence, guiding itself by using its pincers like a blind person’s cane, perhaps following the source of cool air leaking out. Often when in a hunting mood they position themselves a few inches above the ground facing head down. During the day they will retire sometimes under the flashing that connects the stucco wall of the house to the foundation slab. So here is another reason to teach your young children as soon as possible to avoid putting their fingers into places they can not see like when turning rocks over and so forth. Instead use your shoe or a stick, etc. Let’s summarize here that since they don’t move around much unless disturbed and they bear their young alive – no eggs, that once you successfully exterminate them on a property they normally do not come back for a long time, if at all. In my opinion, repeated monthly scorpion service should not be necessary when properly done. Is the typical regular residential service useful at all against scorpions? Against the occasional scorpion yes but not against a significant scorpion problem. A good service that successfully keeps a home free of pest problems helps because it therefore eliminates the scorpions’ food supply. However, please remember scorpions can go months without food or water. Also, although scorpions are very resistant to the daytime use of many or most pesticides, they are adversely affected by repeated exposure to pesticides. In fact, some scorpions are bound to be killed by daytime spraying, especially if there’s a fortuitous direct hit! In other words, please do not think they’re completely immune or unaffected by pesticides!So, elimination off food (bugs), repeated exposure to regular application of good pesticides and good landscaping advice can certainly make periodic pest control service helpful against the occasional scorpion. Daytime spraying to treat for scorpions problemsis still not satisfactory enough for someone with a scorpion problem. If someone has experienced satisfactory scorpion control from a daytime treatment, please be sure to call me. I promise to make it worth your while. I would love to successfully treat for scorpions during the daytime and avoid having to work at night. I’ve tried different daytime treatments with only occasional satisfactory success. Diatomaceous Earth, granules, etc. are of limited value. Many pest control companies claim that their ordinary periodic service includes control for scorpions but I believe the results are still less than satisfactory. When the day comes that scorpions can be controlled safely and satisfactorily during the daytime, I want to be the first to know.‘Poor man’s’ scorpion control While they may be unsightly and not entirely solve your problem, an affordable big help is insect glue traps. They can come in sheets that you fold up after you remove the wax paper covering the glue. Buy a box of them. After folding them up, place two just inside each door (one on either side of the door) to every room and bathroom, up against the wall. This way they’re not so visible from the visiting areas like the living room and dining room. Be sure that when you place the glue trap against the wall that it is oriented so that the scorpion will casually crawl in as it walks along the corner where the floor meets the wall. Being poor-sighted, the scorpion does not like open areas and much prefers the safety and guidance along where the floor meets the wall. Getting into the groove This flashing groove, outside, at the bottom of a home’s stuccoed wall where it meets the foundation of the house is one of the places where scorpions like to reside during the daylight hours and is an important place that scorpion-sealing companies caulk. This can also be a good do-it-yourself job but to do it neatly in a way that does not detract from the look of your valuable house usually takes quite some time and can be expensive as a lot of caulking material needs to be used. Quality caulking material makes an important difference and is what should be used. I don’t recommend using the insulating foam you can buy in a can. Although it can be cheap and convenient it can be difficult to work with, messy and unsightly. And the easy-to-clean latex foam is even worse for this kind of job because it is ineffective in firmly expanding and sticking. If you use a small mirror to observe this flashing groove you will see places where the stucco-finish is cracked and has gaps. This allows scorpions and their insect prey to get into the house in those areas that may not be sealed off with molding inside, like behind the kitchen counters and bathroom cabinets that are attached to the house’s external walls. If you do hire a sealing service, be sure they use quality caulking. If pesticides are not being used there is no requirement for a pest control license and so you have to be careful that the company you use knows scorpions’ habits and behavior. I do recommend the use of pesticides in conjunction with sealing. Although expensive, a sealing job is a valuable investment because when you decide to sell your home, you can declare to real estate agents, potential buyers and others that although your home is in a known scorpion neighborhood, your home has been successfully sealed, thereby substantially increasing the final sales price of your home. The whole sealing job can be done professionally and costs approximately from $800 to $1,500 for the average sized home. My company has successfully worked for over 15 years with a reliable company that specializes in sealing homes. Yard work Another important area that a home owner can take care of is any harborage areas outside the home. For example, eliminating any leaf litter that has collected under bushes; trimming or ‘shaving’ palm trees a few feet above the ground; eliminating or keeping ground-covering plants like myoporum to a minimum and well trimmed, and also rocks or anything else that may harbor scorpions, specially if there is a space or a crack into or under which they can crawl. A tidy landscape helps minimize hiding places for scorpions. A notorious place is in the columns supporting block fences, those that are bare and have not been sealed by stucco. Scorpion-sealing services do not include this in their regular service. I suspect because of expense and because it is difficult to make it look nice. It is expensive to stucco a block fence and to just seal the false column can be unsightly and time-consuming for the do-it yourselfer. In this situation a good pesticide used safely or a good pest control service makes sense. Pest control services My company provides a night-time blacklight and spray service with a two month guarantee at a fraction of the cost of sealing your home. Late at night, we first blacklight-inspect your entire property, inside and out, trapping the insects as we find them. Then we go back and spray, using a special insecticide that we’ve had great success with. It can take up to 2 or more hours to complete this service. Because the spraying is done at night and, as mentioned previously, scorpions don’t lay eggs that would hatch days later and they don’t move around much (like spiders), the effects of this one-time, night-time service should successfully last for much longer than the 2 month guarantee period; under ideal circumstances even years. We treat the inside and outside of the house, the front and back yards, and the fence with both the black light and spray service. Spraying pesticide at night has a significant advantage. The chemical stays at full-strength until the sun comes up hours later. This is very helpful in exterminating most or all of the few remaining scorpions that will usually move around during that time. If you do use a company for the nighttime blacklight service be sure you clearly understand if they will be just using the black light and/or spraying. Will they be servicing just the inside of the house and/or just the outside of the house, and not the front and back yards or fence? How long will the service take? Also, since the service requires additional skill and experience, when making the appointment and also when the technician arrives, test the pest control technician’s knowledge by asking him questions, such as how will he/she be spraying it differently from the chemicals used in regular service; how much experience doing this service does he/she have? If you are not satisfied with the answers say ‘no’ to the service. To better insure the treatment’s success your pest control man should diligently spray into cracks and crevices as well as some of the usual perimeter spraying. As I mentioned, a common problem area is the column of bare block fences. The connecting vertical cracks on either side of each of these columns should be sprayed. Surfaces where children might play on or that dogs run around on must not be sprayed. Our night-time service includes the use of a black light. The blacklight works by lighting up the scorpion a bright, unusual florescent green. This makes them easy to see and pick up, and helps to identify the trouble spots on the property. For the do-it-yourselfer the blacklight is a good project. The closer to midnight or later you use it the better. Use a long set of tweezers to stab them or pick them up before they run away. Using a hammer to strike them has a high failure rate so I don’t recommend it. Picking a pest control company I believe people give up too soon in looking for a good scorpion control technician. I think this is because they are unclear on how to approach the subject of picking the right company. It helps to clear things up when a person understands that most pest control companies are technician-driven. In other words, a good experienced technician who provides reliable, effective service is a big plus for a company. Unfortunately there is a lot of turnover and furthermore, for business reasons, technicians are typically restricted geographically by their route. So be sure the technician isn’t new on the job, alone, untrained and/or unsupervised. Getting rid of scorpions does take some skill. However, another possibility is to check with others in your neighborhood first and then other people you know. Your neighbors first because usually if you have a scorpion problem you’re not the only one. Ask them if they’ve had a problem with scorpions and if they’ve successfully eliminated them. If so, how long has it been since they were eliminated? The longer the better. Ask for the name of the technician and get his or her company phone number. Ask specifically for that technician and mention the customer/neighbor who referred you. This is the power of networking giving you the added leverage of the company making sure to keep two customers happy and the company knowing you aren’t afraid to communicate with others – for or against. The success of my company comes mostly from word of mouth. In talking to neighbors who have not had a scorpion problem but get regular pest control service, get the name and company phone number of the technician if they have used the same technician for at least a couple of years and are very happy with him/her. I once offered my services to the neighbor of one of my customers. She had used the same pest control man for 17 years at her three different homes and was very satisfied. Even I asked her for his name and phone number. You never know how even some one like me, a pest control company owner, might benefit from his services some day. There isn’t a whole lot that such an individual can’t take care of in the right way. If people in your neighborhood can’t provide a satisfactory contact, then it’s time to ask other people you know. Just remember that it’s of less value to you to use a company that has an excellent technician but whose route precludes him/her from servicing your problem. With this approach you really shouldn’t have much of a problem finding the right technician for you. I hope this report has answered your concerns and that you successfully eliminate the scorpion problem in your home. My best wishes to you. Written by Norman Nipperus, author & president of Norm’s Bug & Bee Control at www. Norm BB.com . Permission is granted to copy, reprint and distribute this report as long as the entire above byline is included.

D370718

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bone-metastasis/basics/definition/CON-20035450

Bone metastasis

Request an Appointment Patient Care & Health Information Diseases & Conditions Bone metastasis Symptoms & causes Diagnosis & treatment Doctors & departments Print Overview Bone metastasis occurs when cancer cells spread from their original site to a bone. Nearly all types of cancer can spread (metastasize) to the bones. But some types of cancer are particularly likely to spread to bone, including breast cancer and prostate cancer. Bone metastasis can occur in any bone but more commonly occurs in the spine, pelvis and thigh. Bone metastasis may be the first sign that you have cancer, or bone metastasis may occur years after cancer treatment. Bone metastasis can cause pain and broken bones. With rare exceptions, cancer that has spread to the bones can't be cured. Treatments can help reduce pain and other symptoms of bone metastases. Symptoms Sometimes, bone metastasis causes no signs and symptoms. When it does occur, signs and symptoms of bone metastasis include: Bone pain Broken bones Urinary incontinence Bowel incontinence Weakness in the legs or arms High levels of calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia), which can cause nausea, vomiting, constipation and confusion When to see a doctor If you experience persistent signs and symptoms that worry you, make an appointment with your doctor. If you've been treated for cancer in the past, tell your doctor about your medical history and that you're concerned about your signs and symptoms. Causes Bone metastasis occurs when cancer cells break away from the original tumor and spread to the bones, where they begin to multiply. Doctors aren't sure what causes some cancers to spread. And it's not clear why some cancers travel to the bones rather than to other common sites for metastasis, such as the liver. Risk factors Virtually any type of cancer can spread to the bones, but the cancers most likely to cause bone metastasis include: Breast cancer Kidney cancer Lung cancer Lymphoma Multiple myeloma Prostate cancer Thyroid cancer By Mayo Clinic Staff Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic Diagnosis & treatment April 10, 2015Print Share on: Facebook Twitter References Related Cancer diagnosis: 11 tips for coping Bone metastasis Symptoms & causes Diagnosis & treatment Doctors & departments Advertisement Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. Advertising & Sponsorship Policy Opportunities Ad Choices Mayo Clinic Marketplace Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic. FREE TRIAL – Mayo Clinic Health Letter Stop Osteoporosis in Its Tracks Improve Your Hearing and Balance Best Treatment Strategies for Arthritis The Mayo Clinic Diet Online CON-20370177Patient Care & Health Information Diseases & Conditions Bone metastasis

D2478111

https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070814200945AA4H40x

What is the difference between Choice and Select Grades of Beef?

Food & Drink Other - Food & Drink What is the difference between Choice and Select Grades of Beef? Follow 5 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: There used to be three grades of beef, prime choice and good. Now there are prime, choice, and select (read good). The difference is in the fat content (read tenderness and flavor) and over all condition of the meat. The USDA changed the grading system saying that beef with less fat was healthier. There is nothing farther from the truth. The real reason the USDA changed the ratings was pressure from the big beef finishers. A new name and a cheaper product sold to you for the same price. Also the good people at the USDA allow growth hormones, and all kinds of other drugs to maximize yield. Now some meat producers are dropping some of the drugs but that isn't for you. That is because of public pressure. Costco sells only choice beef. go check it out. You can see the difference. Oh, and about ground beef buy the package with the most fat. after you cook it, drain it and you will have extra lean. As far as burgers the extra fat will keep it moist and by the time you cook it to the proper temp (160) it will be lean. Michael H · 1 decade ago1 0 Comment The grades are based on two main criteria, the degree of marbling (intramuscular fat) in the beef rib eye and the age of the animal prior to slaughter. Choice - This is the grade you want if your having a primarily "beef" meal. For steaks, ribs, broils, roasts, etc etc, you should look for the Choice cut. Select - Not as good as Prime or choice, this is the grade you should select when you have beef dishes where the meat is designed to be combined with other ingredient, i e, soups, stews, braisings. Because the other ingredients will cover the nuances of the beef, it's best to save the money and go for the cheaper grade. Cister · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment The Costco in Milford carries Prime Beef from time to time. It is so good and tender. We go crazy for it!? · 2 years ago0 0 Commentprimeum choice beef? · 3 years ago0 0 Comment The link below will ecplain it much better than anyone here can regergitate what they just read. It does the break down fo what the differences are as well as how each is scored. Hope this helps... Source (s):http://meat.tamu.edu/beefgrading.html Kevin G · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment Maybe you would like to learn more about one of these? Graphic Design Degrees Need an electronic signature? Psoriatic arthritis symptoms? Find Moving Container Services

D2159780

https://www.cbsnews.com/news/lacis-half-sister-takes-the-stand/

Laci's Half Sister Takes The Stand

Laci Peterson stayed fit during her pregnancy by walking often and regularly attending yoga classes, her half sister testified Monday under defense cross-examination. Scott Peterson, charged with killing his wife, has told police she was preparing to walk the couple's dog when he left for a solo fishing trip on the morning she disappeared, but prosecutors have maintained that she stopped walking the dog weeks earlier at her doctor's request after she suffered repeated dizzy spells. During his questioning Monday, Peterson's attorney, Mark Geragos, portrayed Laci Peterson as a fit mother-to-be. "She was very, very conscious of her weight ... and staying fit?" Geragos asked Laci Peterson's half sister, Amy Rocha. "Yes," Rocha answered. Prosecutors claim Scott Peterson killed his wife in their Modesto home on or around the morning of Dec. 24, 2002, because he was having an affair, then drove her body to San Francisco Bay and dumped it from his small boat. Defense lawyers argue that someone abducted Laci Peterson while she was walking in a nearby park and then framed him. The severely decomposed remains of Laci Peterson and her fetus ashore in April 2003, not far from the spot where Peterson claims to have been fishing. Authorities could not pinpoint exactly how or when they were killed. Peterson, 31, could face the death penalty or life without parole if convicted. The trial is expected to last up to six months. Geragos showed Rocha a picture of the Petersons standing on a beach in Carmel just a week before she vanished. He said the photo was taken nearly a mile away from the lodge where the couple stayed and that they had walked there. "She was walking. She was active. She was fit, right?" Geragos asked. "Yes," Rocha replied. During Rocha's direct testimony last week, she said her half sister had not been feeling well and often became sick when she walked. On Monday, Rocha said she had never seen the couple fight. "In fact, the entire time you've known them they appeared to get along very well, right?" Geragos asked. "Yes," Rocha said. "As far as you knew, this was a marriage that was working and working very well, right?" Geragos asked. "Yes," Rocha again replied. Under cross examination, Amy Rocha said her sister and brother-in-law got along and that Laci never told her about marital problems, including any affair in which Scott Peterson was involved. Rocha also said she had heard a rumor that Peterson had had at least one other affair. Prosecutors have said in court documents, but not in last week's opening statement, that Peterson had romanced two women during his five-year marriage to Laci. But an important part of Rocha's testimony for the defense was Peterson's treatment of his wife. They asked Rocha about his behavior, getting her to acknowledge that Peterson was not only nice to Laci, but also to her. He was the last person who would harm anyone, Rocha testified she told police. Peterson, in fact, had asked her to come to their house Dec. 23, 2002 to eat pizza, she said. He and Laci were visiting the Modesto salon where she worked that day. "I said 'Sorry, I would but I've got a friend coming in from out-of-state,'" Rocha testified this morning. That was the last time she would hear from Laci. Laci Peterson's mother, Sharon Rocha, was expected next on the stand. Meanwhile, the father of Peterson's mistress, Amber Frey, said Monday he has been subpoenaed to testify in the trial. Ron Frey also said he had retained a defense attorney but would not say why. Frey said he does not want to testify because he doesn't want to be restricted by a court-imposed gag order that bars all parties from talking about the case. "I don't want to sit back and take it," Frey told The Associated Press. Frey's testimony prosecutors will play wire-tapped phone conversations she had with Peterson, reports CBS News Correspondent John Blackstone. "Try as he may Mark Geragos will have a real challenge in cross- examining her because the most difficult witness for him is not going to be Amber Frey, it's going to be Scott Peterson's own words on the tape — on the telephone calls that Amber allowed to be recorded," said Gloria Allred, Amber Frey's attorney. There was no indication when Frey or his daughter will be called to testify because the witness list is sealed.

D2286791

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucky_Day_(song)

Lucky Day

Lucky Day may refer to: Lucky Day (Iowa Lottery), an American state lottery game A Lucky Day ( Un día de suerte ), a 2002 Argentine and Italian film by Sandra Gugliotta Lucky Day, a 2002 television film based on a story by Mary Higgins Clark Lucky Day, a 2018 American film"Lucky Day", a song by Sasha from Greatest Hits Lucky Day, a fictional character in the 1986 film ¡Three Amigos!Music [ edit]Lucky Day (Jonathan Edwards album) or its title song Lucky Day (Shaggy album) or its title song Songs [ edit]"Lucky Day" (1926 song), written by De Sylva, Brown and Henderson; recorded by Judy Garland (1956), Ruth Olay (1959)"Lucky Day" (Sasha song)"Lucky Day" (Nicola Roberts song)"Lucky Day", a song by Thompson Twins from We Are Detective"Lucky Day", a song and single by The Rascals from The Island of Real 1971"Lucky Day", a song by Jonathan Edwards from Lucky Day (Jonathan Edwards album)"Lucky Day", a song by Shaggy from Lucky Day (Shaggy album)"Lucky Day", a song by Tom Waits from The Black Rider See also [ edit]My Lucky Day (disambiguation)This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Lucky Day. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

D3010205

http://www.digitalspy.com/movies/news/a822466/brad-pitt-netflix-war-machine-trailer/

Brad Pitt's Netflix movie War Machine drops first teaser

Brad Pitt's Netflix movie War Machine drops first teaser"Finish your phone call, war can wait. "© Netflix By Sam Warner 2 March 2017Netflix has dropped the first teaser trailer for its upcoming Brad Pitt-starring movie War Machine. Although brief, we do get a first proper look at Pitt as a US army general, and from the looks of it, he's taking a leaf out of his own eccentric Inglourious Basterds book. The comedy, which is set in the war in Afghanistan, builds up to revealing the star's character General Dan Mc Mahon, who quips the "war can wait" as he's handed control of NATO forces in the region. Advertisement - Continue Reading Below Along the way we get a glimpse of some of the ace supporting cast, including Tilda Swinton and Will Poulter. The movie is based on 2012 non-fiction book The Operators, which saw author Michael Hastings spend time with then-General Stanley Mc Chrystal, whom Pitt's character is based on. And according to The Hollywood Reporter, potential legal headaches caused the project to turn away from straight-up keeping Mc Chrystal's name.© Netflix The movie has cost $60 million to make, and is among a new slate of starry projects for the online streaming giant. This week has also seen the debut of trailers for Will Smith's fantasy-drama Bright, as well as the chilling new David Fincher series Mindhunter. War Machine, which also stars Sir Ben Kingsley, Scoot Mc Nairy, Topher Grace, Anthony Michael Hall, Meg Tilly and Alan Ruck, will be available on Netflix from May 26. Want up-to-the-minute entertainment and tech news? Just hit 'Like' on our Digital Spy Facebook page and 'Follow' on our @digitalspy Twitter account and you're all set. PREVIOUS ARTICLEA black-and-white cut of Hugh Jackman's gritty Logan is in the works NEXT ARTICLETron 3 is apparently still happening, and here's what it's about Don't Miss Will Smith's Netflix movie Bright gets first... David Fincher's new Mindhunter teaser is chilling Latest News Carrey looks unrecognisable in creepy thriller... WWE Greatest Royal Rumble: Match card and... Must Read GMB viewers are loving new weather presenter Becky Corrie introduces new girl Emma for David sex... More From Movies Carrey looks unrecognisable in creepy thriller trailer John Krasinski solves a big problem with A Quiet Place How Ready Player One recreated that classic movie Jumanji 3: Everything you need to know The Russos discuss Hawkeye's Infinity War absence Clark Gregg officially starts work on Captain Marvel Everything you need to know about the Aquaman movie Infinity War directors explain Thanos's crazy backstory All the DC movies coming your way in 2018 and beyond Fans want Krasinski and Blunt for Fantastic 4 reboot Movies Brad Pitt Tilda Swinton Will Poulter Brad Pitt's Netflix movie War Machine has its first trailer Will Poulter and Keith Stanfield are joining Brad Pitt's huge Netflix movie War Machine Netflix is making its biggest-ever movie with the Brad Pitt-starring War Machine Brad Pitt's World War Z sequel is missing a director, as Juan Antonio Bayona drops out Pee-wee Herman is back! The first teaser for his Netflix comeback movie is an utter delight Brad Pitt's Plan B company to produce Marilyn Monroe movie 'Blonde'More From Movies

D2527980

https://dps.mn.gov/divisions/ots/laws/pages/impaired-driving.aspx

Impaired Driving Laws

Impaired Driving Laws Legal Limit — 0.08Minnesota's legal alcohol-concentration driving limit is 0.08 — but motorists can be arrested for DWI at lower levels. The consequences for driving impaired will vary for each DWI offender, but a typical penalty for a first-time offender is potential jail time and loss of license for a minimum of 30 days up to a year. Costs can be as high as $20,000 when factoring court costs, legal fees and increased insurance premiums. Impaired Driving statute — 169AStrengthened DWI Sanctions with Ignition Interlock Minnesota’s strengthened DWI sanctions aim to enhance road safety to prevent alcohol-related crashes that account for one-third of all Minnesota traffic deaths annually. The stronger DWI sanctions include use of ignition interlock to give DWI offenders a chance to regain driving privileges by ensuring safe and legal driving. Ignition interlock is installed under the dashboard of the vehicle and connected to its starter. Users must provide a breath sample into the interlock with an alcohol concentration below 0.02 in order for the vehicle to start. Interlock demonstration and key features video (1 minute 30 seconds)Arrested for DWI? Learn more about ignition interlock. Highlights of Stronger DWI Sanctions Law and Ignition Interlock First-time DWI offenders arrested at twice the legal limit and above (0.16 alcohol-concentration) and second-time DWI offenders will be required to use ignition interlock or lose driving privileges ranging from one to two years — depending on offense level. DWI offenders with three or more offenses in a 10-year period will be required to use ignition interlock for a period of three to six years, or they will never regain driving privileges. Offenders eligible to use interlock will regain full or limited driving privileges immediately after the offense, ensuring they are driving with a valid license and not a threat on the roadway. The alcohol-concentration level when enhanced administrative sanctions are applied is lowered from 0.20 percent to 0.16. The average level for a DWI arrest is 0.15 percent. The time-period for loss of driving privileges will double for many DWI offenders, but offenders that install ignition interlock will be able to drive immediately. Interlock Anti-Circumvention Features Interlocks have anti-circumvention features, such as rolling retests that require a driver to blow into the device three-five minutes after starting, and randomly thereafter. There also are specific hum or “suck back” patterns to prevent users from attempting to circumvent the testing process. Unique to Minnesota’s interlock law is the requirement for in-car cameras that record all breath tests. Video and test results are provided to DPS for monitoring. Users are required to have the interlock calibrated once a month by a service provider, Service providers also will run reports to indicate how many times the vehicle started, number of rolling re-tests, and any test fails (an alcohol-concentration limit of 0.02 or above). Service providers send the reports to DPS for review to take appropriate action or extend sanctions. Benefits of Interlock Interlock is primarily a tool to prevent impaired driving and enhance road safety. Consequently, interlock also will reduce the societal costs of impaired driving, including courts, law enforcement, probation and others. Interlock creates a method for all offenders to obtain a valid driver's license — addressing the epidemic of people driving without a valid license. Interlock encourages behavior modification and rehabilitation. Interlock diminishes the probability and possibility of repeat DWI. The Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation reports interlock devices can reduce repeat DWI offenses on average 64 percent.

D1876127

http://www.onestowatch.com/artist/amy-shark

Amy Shark

Amy Shark From: Gold Coast, Australia Related Artists: BØRNS, Lorde, Banks Amy Shark is a singer-songwriter and producer reigning from the Gold Coast of Queensland, Australia. She crafts enveloping, emotional and deeply relatable indie pop that first garnered attention after her pop award recognition in the Queensland Mic Awards. She would go on to release the single "Adore" in 2016, which would rack up over 17 million plays on Spotify and earn the number 2 spot on Triple J's 100 hottest tracks of 2016. Amy Shark released her debut EP Night Thinker in April of 2017. Share: Latest Album: Night Thinker Release Date: April 21, 2017Buy on i Tunes Tickets Band Videos Latest Amy Shark - “Adore” (Live Rooftop Performance) | Ones To Watch Presents From the Blog2017 Favorites & 2018 Predictions: Ones To Watch Staff Picks December 19, 2017 On behalf of the OTW team, wishing the happiest of holidays to our fellow music fanatics all over the globe. Author: Yasmin Damouiones to watch kwaye charlotte cardin tom misch maty noyes greta van fleetjessie reyez leon masego dermot kennedy two feet brent faiyaz billie eilishlany sonder nick mulvey allan rayman loyle carner elohim whethan nilufer yanya amy shark daniel caesar yebba aquilo lia lia charlotte day wilson the regrettes jorja smith brockhampton9 Ones to Catch at Austin City Limits 2017October 3, 2017 Don't miss R. LUM. R, Amy Shark, Billy Raffoul, & more at ACL. Author: Maxamillion Poloones to catch acl amy shark billy raffoul r.lum.r nick hakim tash sultanaallan rayman charlotte cardin mondo cozmo sandy alex g Ones To Watch Presents: Amy Shark- “Adore” (Live Rooftop Performance)June 28, 2017 This indie-pop songstress is definitely one to watch in the coming years. Author: Yasmin Damouiamy shark rooftop rooftop performance rooftop session indie indie pop poplive-from-the-rooftop live from the rooftop Listen Adore Amy Shark Top tracks for Amy Shark1 Adore Amy Shark3:042 Sink In Amy Shark4:353 Weekends Amy Shark3:104 Blood Brothers Amy Shark3:455 Adore - Piano Unplugged Amy Shark3:176 Deleted Amy Shark3:267 Drive You Mad Amy Shark3:328 Adore - Acoustic Amy Shark3:109 Spits on Girls Amy Shark3:3110 Worst Girl Amy Shark, Allday3:52Subscribe to our Newsletter Sign up Twitter@Amy Shark Music · 2d Last night in Cairns was insane. Truly insane. I am going home for 3 days off for the first time in a long time. We… twitter.com/i/web/status/9…@Amy Shark Music · 3d This moment changed my life! 4000 of you stayed and sang with me in this mental downpour! I didn’t see a single per… twitter.com/i/web/status/9…@Amy Shark Music · 3d What the F just happened! I went to school here and never dreamed my music would do this https://t.co/1rd A40EGz2More On Twitter

D242197

http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/john-f-kennedy

John F. Kennedyâs Early Life

John F. Kennedy’s Early Life Born on May 29, 1917, in Brookline, Massachusetts, John F. Kennedy (known as Jack) was the second of nine children. His parents, Joseph and Rose Kennedy, were members of two of Boston’s most prominent Irish Catholic political families. Despite persistent health problems throughout his childhood and teenage years (he would later be diagnosed with a rare endocrine disorder called Addison’s disease), Jack led a privileged youth, attending private schools such as Canterbury and Choate and spending summers in Hyannis Port on Cape Cod. Joe Kennedy, a hugely successful businessman and an early supporter of Franklin D. Roosevelt, was appointed chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission in 1934 and in 1937 was named U. S. ambassador to Great Britain. As a student at Harvard University, Jack traveled in Europe as his father’s secretary. His senior thesis about British’s unpreparedness for war was later published as an acclaimed book, “Why England Slept” (1940). Did You Know? John F. Kennedy's Senate career got off to a rocky start when he refused to condemn Senator Joseph Mc Carthy, a personal friend of the Kennedy family whom the Senate voted to censure in 1954 for his relentless pursuit of suspected communists. In the end, though he planned to vote against Mc Carthy, Kennedy missed the vote when he was hospitalized after back surgery. Jack joined the U. S. Navy in 1941 and two years later was sent to the South Pacific, where he was given command of a Patrol-Torpedo (PT) boat. In August 1943, a Japanese destroyer struck the craft, PT-109, in the Solomon Islands. Kennedy helped some of his marooned crew back to safety, and was awarded the Navy and Marine Corps Medal for heroism. His older brother, Joe Jr., was not so fortunate: He was killed in August 1944 when his Navy airplane exploded on a secret mission against a German rocket-launching site. A grieving Joe Sr. told Jack it was his duty to fulfill the destiny once intended for Joe Jr.: to become the first Catholic president of the United States. JFK’s Beginnings in Politics Abandoning plans to be a journalist, Jack left the Navy by the end of 1944. Less than a year later, he was back in Boston preparing for a run for Congress in 1946. As a moderately conservative Democrat, and backed by his father’s fortune, Jack won his party’s nomination handily and carried the mostly working-class Eleventh District by nearly three to one over his Republican opponent in the general election. He entered the 80th Congress in January 1947, at the age of 29, and immediately attracted attention (as well as some criticism from older members of the Washington establishment) for his youthful appearance and relaxed, informal style. Kennedy won reelection to the House of Representatives in 1948 and 1950, and in 1952 ran successfully for the Senate, defeating the popular Republican incumbent Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. On September 12, 1953, Kennedy married the beautiful socialite and journalist Jacqueline (Jackie) Lee Bouvier. Two years later, he was forced to undergo a painful operation on his back. While recovering from the surgery, Jack wrote another best-selling book, “Profiles in Courage,” which won the Pulitzer Prize for biography in 1957. (The book was later revealed to be mostly the work of Kennedy’s longtime aide, Theodore Sorenson. )Kennedy’s Road to Presidency After nearly earning his party’s nomination for vice president (under Adlai Stevenson) in 1956, Kennedy announced his candidacy for president on January 2, 1960. He defeated a primary challenge from the more liberal Hubert Humphrey and chose the Senate majority leader, Lyndon Johnson of Texas, as his running mate. In the general election, Kennedy faced a difficult battle against his Republican opponent, Richard Nixon, a two-term vice president under the popular Dwight D. Eisenhower. Offering a young, energetic alternative to Nixon and the status quo, Kennedy benefited from his performance (and telegenic appearance) in the first-ever televised debates, watched by millions of viewers. In November’s election, Kennedy won by a narrow margin–less than 120,000 out of some 70 million votes cast–becoming the youngest man and the first Roman Catholic to be elected president of the United States. With his beautiful young wife and their two small children (Caroline, born in 1957, and John Jr., born just weeks after the election), Kennedy lent an unmistakable aura of youth and glamour to the White House. In his inaugural address, given on January 20, 1961, the new president called on his fellow Americans to work together in the pursuit of progress and the elimination of poverty, but also in the battle to win the ongoing Cold War against communism around the world. Kennedy’s famous closing words expressed the need for cooperation and sacrifice on the part of the American people: “Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.”Kennedy’s Foreign Policy Challenges An early crisis in the foreign affairs arena occurred in April 1961, when Kennedy approved the plan to send 1,400 CIA-trained Cuban exiles in an amphibious landing at the Bay of Pigs in Cuba. Intended to spur a rebellion that would overthrow the communist leader Fidel Castro, the mission ended in failure, with nearly all of the exiles captured or killed. That June, Kennedy met with Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev in Vienna to discuss the city of Berlin, which had been divided after World War II between Allied and Soviet control. Two months later, East German troops began erecting a wall to divide the city. Kennedy sent an army convoy to reassure West Berliners of U. S. support, and would deliver one of his most famous speeches in West Berlin in June 1963. Kennedy clashed again with Khrushchev in October 1962 during the Cuban missile crisis. After learning that the Soviet Union was constructing a number of nuclear and long-range missile sites in Cuba that could pose a threat to the continental United States, Kennedy announced a naval blockade of Cuba. The tense standoff lasted nearly two weeks before Khrushchev agreed to dismantle Soviet missile sites in Cuba in return for America’s promise not to invade the island and the removal of U. S. missiles from Turkey and other sites close to Soviet borders. In July 1963, Kennedy won his greatest foreign affairs victory when Khrushchev agreed to join him and Britain’s Prime Minister Harold Macmillan in signing a nuclear test ban treaty. In Southeast Asia, however, Kennedy’s desire to curb the spread of communism led him to escalate U. S. involvement in the conflict in Vietnam, even as privately he expressed his dismay over the situation. Kennedy’s Leadership at Home During his first year in office, Kennedy oversaw the launch of the Peace Corps, which would send young volunteers to underdeveloped countries all over the world. Otherwise, he was unable to achieve much of his proposed legislation during his lifetime, including two of his biggest priorities: income tax cuts and a civil rights bill. Kennedy was slow to commit himself to the civil rights cause, but was eventually forced into action, sending federal troops to support the desegregation of the University of Mississippi after riots there left two dead and many others injured. The following summer, Kennedy announced his intention to propose a comprehensive civil rights bill and endorsed the massive March on Washington that took place that August. Kennedy was an enormously popular president, both at home and abroad, and his family drew famous comparisons to King Arthur’s court at Camelot. His brother Bobby served as his attorney general, while the youngest Kennedy son, Edward (Ted), was elected to Jack’s former Senate seat in 1962. Jackie Kennedy became an international icon of style, beauty and sophistication, though stories of her husband’s numerous marital infidelities (and his personal association with members of organized crime) would later emerge to complicate the Kennedys’ idyllic image. JFK’s Assassination On November 22, 1963, the president and his wife landed in Dallas; he had spoken in San Antonio, Austin and Fort Worth the day before. From the airfield, the party then traveled in a motorcade to the Dallas Trade Mart, the site of Jack’s next speaking engagement. Shortly after 12:30 p.m., as the motorcade was passing through downtown Dallas, shots rang out; Kennedy was struck twice, in the neck and head, and was pronounced dead shortly after arriving at a nearby hospital. Twenty-four-year-old Lee Harvey Oswald, known to have Communist sympathies, was arrested for the killing but was shot and fatally wounded two days later by local nightclub owner Jack Ruby while being led to jail. Almost immediately, alternative theories of Kennedy’s assassination emerged–including conspiracies run by the KGB, the Mafia and the U. S. military-industrial complex, among others. A presidential commission led by Chief Justice Earl Warren concluded that Oswald had acted alone, but speculation and debate over the assassination has persisted. Access hundreds of hours of historical video, commercial free, with HISTORY Vault. Start your free trial today.

D489300

https://www.tripadvisor.com/Hotel_Review-g55739-d6761479-Reviews-Country_Corner_Inn-Devine_Texas.html

Country Corner Inn

Lowest prices for your stay Check In Check Out1 room, 2 adults, 0 children Our online travel partners don't provide prices for this accommodation but we can search other options in Devine See available hotels Add a photo Overview3.0 6 reviews Excellent 16%Very good 16%Average 52%Poor 0%Terrible 16%Apr 1, 2015“"Not Bad"...”Dec 3, 2014“Stay only if you have no where else!”Internet Pool Concierge All hotel details Nearby Hotels See all Devine Hotels Reviews (6) Write a Review Traveler rating Excellent 1Very good 1Average 2Poor 0Terrible 1Traveler type Families Couples Solo Business Friends Time of year Mar-May Jun-Aug Sep-Nov Dec-Feb Language All languages English (5)Spanish (1)See what travelers are saying:1 - 5 of 5 reviews Beefseeker SEYMOUR510 602Reviewed April 1, 2015"Not Bad"... Considering it's the only motel around, it's Certainly not as bad as I expected. The rooms are decent, and clean. The flat screen tv had a million channels. The bathroom was just ok. The rooms do have a microwave and refridgerator. Unfortunately, The pool looked... More Thank Beefseekerpocgirl7 3Reviewed December 3, 2014 via mobile Stay only if you have no where else!We were going to our friends deer lease so we stayed two nights here. Never again! The only good thing is location. And there's a gas station/Mc Donalds across the street and a Walmart. The rooms smell moldy. The shower had black nasty mold all... More1 Thank pocgirl John Fish Jr Milwaukee, Wisconsin30 9Reviewed November 2, 2014Nice Little Place Driving to Laredo I needed to stop for the night and this place was in the perfect location. Although small and not a part of a chain hotel it was a great value for the price. Room was nice and was cleaner than expected considering... More Thank John Fish Jrhondojack Kent, Washington53 35Reviewed September 7, 2014Vacation In Texas We stayed here for a week, and the people are very friendly and the service is fantastic. They have 3 Bar BQ pits and 5 picnic tables on a slab with a small garden in the middle. We sat and played Dominoes and had a few... More Thank hondojack Quiltlady0000Channelview, Texas151 33Reviewed June 17, 2014Wet carpet, Musty smell, mediocre air conditioning We booked the Country Corner Inn hoping to find a nice place to stay and save some money, while visiting our kids. The musty smell of the house was the first indication that it was not a great place to stay. The air conditioner was... More3 Thank Quiltlady0000Nearby Hotels See all Devine Hotels About Amenities Top amenities Pool Hotel Amenities Concierge Room amenities Refrigerator in room Things to do Pool Details Show More Nearby Questions & Answers Get quick answers from Country Corner Inn staff and past guests. Note: your question will be posted publicly on the Questions & Answers page. Posting guidelines Submit Room Tips"Complex has three buildings, the middle one is the quietest." John Fish Jrover a year ago Read review"We stayed in the South lower level and it was very quiet for a room near the freeway, and there is less..." hondojackover a year ago Read review Show More Is This Your Trip Advisor Listing? Own or manage this property? Claim your listing for free to respond to reviews, update your profile and much more. Claim Your Listing

D2743408

https://www.currentresults.com/Weather/United-Kingdom/Scotland/temperature-rainfall-average-december.php

December Weather in Scotland: Average Temperature, Rainfall and Sunshine

December Weather in Scotland: Average Temperature, Rainfall and Sunshine The data here summarize the normal December weather conditions for Scotland. The tables list average daily high and low temperatures, total rainfall and hours of sunshine for December. The weather averages are given for the country as a whole, and also broken down into three regions. Western Scotland covers the land from Dumfries and Galloway, north to Argyll and Bute. It includes Glasgow and the Isle of Mull. Eastern Scotland ranges from Scottish Borders in the south to Aberdeenshire in the north. Major cities in the area include Aberdeen, Dundee and Edinburgh. Northern Scotland covers the Highlands along with Inverness. It also takes in the Orkney, Shetland and Outer Hebrides Islands. These measures of climate are averages of data collected at weather stations from 1981 to 2010. Temperature Average December temperatures High °F Low °F Region High °C Low °C42 32 Scotland 6 043 33 Western Scotland 6 141 31 Eastern Scotland 5 -142 32 Northern Scotland 5 0Rainfall Average monthly precipitation in December Days Region Inches Millimetres17 Scotland 6.4 16418 Western Scotland 7.5 19015 Eastern Scotland 4.5 11619 Northern Scotland 7.2 182Sunshine Total December sun Region Hours Scotland 30Western Scotland 34Eastern Scotland 36Northern Scotland 23Reference Met Office. UK Climate Averages. 1981 - 2010 Averages. Share More on Weather in the United Kingdom Average December Temperatures in the United Kingdom Precipitation Averages for the UK in December December Sunshine in the UK

D997721

http://timheuer.com/blog/archive/2005/11/05/kinkos-color-copy-prices-online-copy.aspx

Kinko's and color copies

Kinko's and color copiesposted @ Saturday, November 5, 2005 3:31 PM | 94 Commentsi was putting together a flyer promoting community user groups and i had some color in it — nothing fancy, just red and blue (note: the flyer was ALL text, no photography or anything — picture word doc with some text in color).so i waited to the last minute and kinko’s would be the only one able to get it done in time (aside from another place about an hour from my house that i wasn’t willing to drive).color copies: $.89/each — are you friggin kidding me? for the 1500 copies i needed, that is $1335 for paper. okay, so they’d give me a bulk discount — $.59 = $885. i asked for the company discount and it wasn’t much less. point being that i could have bought 2 color printers for less than it would be to print out these copies (sure paper and toner in the long run, blah blah, but i’m trying to make a point here). i decided i couldn’t justify it and opted for the b&w copies — how much you ask? = $45. that’s right, color copies were going to cost me at best 16X more than standard copies (same paper mind you). unbelievable in this day and age. i remember when kinko’s first started offering color copies and they were roughly $1 — now probably 10 years later, that price has only dropped 11 cents. unbelievable. Here you can get 5¢ Color copies- books, post cards, envelopes, newsletters, flyers, bulk mailing Docu Copies [UPDATE (27-JUL-2010): I thought I'd check in again, here we are 19 months since my last check. Kinko's still has pricing at $.59/sheet standard color copy and $.39 for bulk (online lists bulk at over 5,000 copies now). That's still outrageous. Those same 5,000 copies would cost $1,650 LESS at Docu Copies where they offer .05/copy for the same job. Amazing. [UPDATE (27 JAN 2009): Since this post has caused some discussion, etc. I thought I'd do a check up on Kinko's pricing. I called my local store with the same specifications as my original job 3 years ago. Updated pricing: $.59/sheet standard color copy and $.39 for a bulk discount of 1500 copies. So that is still $585 or 13 times the cost of B&W copies. ]i also used their “print online” capability for a different one (that i would get color — there were only 4 of them) — convenient seeing how i live in the boonies and wouldn’t have to drive just to drop it off and have them tell me to wait 45 minutes for 4 copies. i hate consumer companies that take the cable company appointment approach (you know, “we can be there between 8–12 or 1–5). i know other customers are waiting — but it seems to me, you’d be able to get the small 4 copy guys out of the way and make them happy so you can get on to the 3000 copy, fold, binding, box jobs that those customers know are going to take a while — needless to say, i put my order in at 8am and as of 3:30pm it still isn’t done — 4 color copies people.that color printer is making more sense by the minute.

D3202125

https://www.united.com/web/en-US/content/booking/flight/fareClass.aspx

Enter specific fare classes

This feature in our flight search tool allows you to filter your flight search results so that you will only see information for the fare classes selected. Why would I want a specific fare class? Certain fare classes earn more Premier® qualifying miles and segments than others. The chart below outlines Premier qualifying earnings for United and United Express® flights. Flights flown on or after January 1, 2016Eligible purchased fare classes Premier qualifying miles (PQM) Premier qualifying segments (PQS)F, J 300% 1.5A, C, D, Z, P 200% 1.5Y, B 150% 1.5M, E, U, H, Q, V, W, S, T, L, K, G 100% 1N 0% 0Read complete details on mileage earnings for Mileage Plus airline partners.

D2899269

https://medium.com/@luissergiosantos/the-eagle-has-flown-486f83379760

The eagle has flown

The eagle has flown By LUIS SERGIO SANTOSEditorial Design professor at Universidade Federal do Ceará Journalism School (Brazil)with Maria Tereza Gomez y Paz ESPM — Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing (BRAZIL)I t’s very sad news The Independent will cease its daily print edition. Loses everyone who loves a newspaper package made with care and sensibility. The paper has a functional composition in a grid that displays and flows — like clear water in a cold river — typography, very tiny lines, clean icons and innovative punctuation and signs. Indie’s printed pages shows one of best symphonies in editorial design, mixing with extreme simplicity all signs that we can use to make communication easy, without noise or disruptive visual elements. It’s clean, very simple but disconcertingly sophisticated — or, if you prefer, disturbing sophistication. It’s a naïve Audrey Hepburn wearing Givenchy in Breakfast at Tiffany’s — sober simplicity with elegance. It’s a beautiful paper designed with a clear typography that mixes contemporary forms with cursives Renaissance foundries DNA — remember and respect to the masters of glyphology — [It’s a neologism, Watson]. A xylographic iconic eagle carrying a paper is a seal of wisdom, brightness and, of course, ability to face adversity. Regardless all of this, the eagle has flown. The editorial company announced on February, 12, that Indie [The Indy] print edition will end on Saturday, March, 26. But, the brand will continue to fly on the waves of world wide web. They say that The Independent is still alive. Only in a digital edition.“We are the first national newspaper title to move to a digital-only future”, said, Evgeny Lebedev, the owner, and added “print publication was no longer economically viable. We faced a choice: manage the continued decline of print, or convert the digital foundation we’ve built into a sustainable, profitable future”. Let’s be clear. The Independent printed version is dead. To insinuate the newspaper is still alive on the Internet, is prevarication. Internet is another aesthetic, another language with a completely different sensory relationship, which is liquid and intangible, not mediated by the physical form of the paper. Will the loss of tangible Journal reference ensure the increasing traffic on the Internet? For now, the answer is no. And what about the credibility? Can the liquid format of digital paper increase it? Who could, possibly, give an honest answer to that question? Maybe The Daily’s newspaper debacle could. Launched in February 2011 in New York, exclusively for the i Pad, the digital newspaper survived just for one year. Another fact that reinforces the strength of the printed media is confirmed by Jeff Bezos, who was born in digital commerce, from Amazon.com, and bought the legendary Washington Post. Bezos acknowledged the newspaper’s symbolic power. Moving on the opposite direction of The Independent, He focuses on innovation to achieve new goals. It’s really a catharses feeling flipping through the pages of The Independent, this masterpiece newspaper built with typefaces and ink plus solid news and analysis. But now it is over. It’s a bad sign not only for the newspaper but also for the Industry as a whole. Is something going wrong or it is just a grotesque mistake? A headline of the competitor, The Guardian read: “ The Independent: a newspaper killed by the Internet”. An ironic Richard Eden, deputy diary editor of the Daily Mail wrote on Twitter: “Moral of the day: if you want newspapers to continue being published, buy a copy”. The paper promotional slogan, “ The Independent: It is, Are You?”, abruptly succumbs to the digital media. In that case, print is dead.<>PDF > https://www.academia.edu/22235463/The_eagle_has_flown

D1147101

http://www.distancebetweencities.net/salem_ma_and_washington_dc/

Distance Between Salem, MA and Washington, DC

Distance Between Salem, MA and Washington, DCHow many miles? 457 Miles or 736 Km How much does it take? 7 hours 33 mins Travel With Mile Distance Km Distance Duration Car 457 Mi 736 Km 7 hours 33 mins Plane 408 Mi 656 Km 1 hours 22 mins Distance, Gas Consumption and Emission Notes Distance from Salem, MA to Washington, DC is 457Miles or 736 Km. You can get this distance about 7 hours 33 mins. If you want to planning travel with plane for 408 Miles or 656 Km, You can get this distance about 1 hours 22 mins. A car with an average MPG will needs 21.16 gallons of gas to get the route between these points. The estimated cost of gas to get between Salem, MA and Washington, DC is $48.03. During the route, an average car will release 414.57 pounds of CO 2 to the atmosphere. Your carbon footprint is 0.91 pounds of CO 2 per mile. * Average US MPG used for calculations is 21.6 MPG. * Average US gas price used for calculation is 2.27 per gallon. Most Searched About Salem, MACities Distance Salem, MA to Greensboro, NC 767 Miles Salem, MA to Melrose, MA 14 Miles Salem, MA to Albany, NY 187 Miles Most Searched About Washington, DCCities Distance Washington, DC to Atlantic City, NJ 190 Miles Washington, DC to Heathsville, VA 107 Miles Washington, DC to Pittsburgh, PA 245 Miles

D607756

http://www.slideshare.net/hbasham1/oceanic-pelagic-zone-biology-biome-project

Oceanic pelagic zone biology biome project

Oceanic pelagic zone biology biome project26,423 views Share Like Download...hbasham1Follow Published on Oct 13, 2013Published in: Technology, Sports1 Comment9 Likes Statistics Notes Post Jerry Alejandria , teacher, theatre moderator at Sa Puso Mo :">nice4 years ago Oceanic pelagic zone biology biome project1. Ocean Pelagic Zone Amy Halstead and Hannah Basham2. Ocean Pelagic Zone The Ocean Pelagic Zone, sometimes referred to as the Open Ocean Zone, is comprised of nearly the entire ocean beyond the costal region. The word pelagic comes from the Greek word pélagos, meaning open sea. This region is purely comprised of saltwater, contrasting it from the freshwater zone. Although warm water currents run through the Pelagic Zone, the water is generally cold: The average temperature of the warmest subzone, the Epipelagic Zone, is 17°C, or 68°F.3. Subzones The Pelagic Zone is divided into four subzones: 1) 2) 3) 4) The Epipelagic Zone The Mesopelagic Zone The Bathypelagic Zone The Abyssopelagic Zone I. Pelagic - (1) Epipelagic (2) Mesopelagic (3) Bathypelagic (4) Abyssopelagic II. Benthic - (5) Littoral, Sublittoral (6) Bathyal (7) Abyssal (8) Ultra-abyssal | Note: depths are in meters4. Epipelagic Zone The Epipelagic Zone is called the Sunlit Zone because it is the topmost layer, comprised of the surface and waters a small depth below; therefore, the sun penetrates the water enough for photosynthesis to occur. Because of the vastness of the Ocean Pelagic Zone, about half of the world’s photosynthesis occurs in this zone. The presence of sunlight in this zone and the abundance of plankton causes most of the life found in the Ocean Pelagic Zone to be found in this subzone.5. Mesopelagic Zone The Mesopelagic Zone, also called the Twilight Zone, extends from about 200 meters below the surface to 1,000 meters. Vision in this subzone is limited: Little sunlight penetrates through to this zone, an insufficient amount for photosynthesis. In this depth range, oxygen is completely depleted from the water, but organisms have adapted with highly efficient gills and minimal movement. At this level, many of the organisms are able to produce light themselves, or a bioluminescent.6. Bathypelagic & Abyssopelagic Zone The Bathypelagic Zone (Midnight Zone) is completely dark. No plant life can exist here and many of the organisms that live here eat falling detritus from above subzones or prey on other organisms in this subzone. Some of the larger organisms are prey to deep diving sperm whales. The Abyssopelagic Zone (Lower Midnight Zone) was once thought to be bottomless. Few organisms can successful survive in the harsh environment, and many of those that can have adapted to be transparent and eyeless due to the extreme darkness.7. Bathypelagic & Abyssopelagic Zone8. Pelagic Plants The primary plant in the pelagic zone is phytoplankton, a microalgae, fuelled by photosynthesis. Other plant types are: • Diatoms, single-celled phytoplankton • Dinoflagellates, microscopic, single-celled algae • Seaweeds, these plants float across the surface of the ocean providing nutrients to other organisms.9. Temperature & Pressure The temperature in the Pelagic Zone varies greatly depending on the depth, with the Epipelagic Zone reaching up to 26°C and the Bathypelagic Zone falling to temperatures as low as 2°C. Because of the depth and water, pressure increases by great amounts in each zone. Because of the variability of the atmospheric conditions in the Ocean Pelagic Zone, many of the organisms cannot travel between subzones due to the environmental conditions.10. Light The amount light in each subzone varies because sunlight is unable to penetrate the waters deep enough to reach all levels. • The Epipelagic Zone is the only subzone in which enough light is available for photosynthesis. • Some sunlight reaches the Mesopelagic Zone and allows certain organism to hunt if their eyesight is strong enough. • The Bathypelagic and Abyssopelagic Zones are too deep for any sunlight to reach; however, some light may be available from bioluminescent organisms.11. Depth & Location The Ocean Pelagic Zone reaches down to a depth of 11 km (6.8 mi) at the lowest point and has an average (mean) depth of about 3.68 km (2.29 mi). The depth plays an important role: As depth increases, the abundance of life decreases. Water covers over 70% of Earth’s surface, with the largest contributions to this fact being the oceans. Because of this, the Ocean Pelagic Zone can be found almost anywhere where there are not masses of land.12. Water Type The water in the Ocean Pelagic Zone is always salty. The salinity of the water ranges from 6 – 40 ppt. The range can be attributed to evaporation rates, sea ice formation, and freshwater supply rates.13. Nutrients Certain vital nutrients in the Ocean Pelagic Zone are in small supply. The following elements, called limiting nutrients, are recycled through marine plants: • Nitrogen •Magnesium •Zinc • Phosphorus • Calcium • Silicon • Iron • Copper14. Animals There are five main types of animals that live in the Ocean Pelagic Zone: • Birds • Invertebrates • Mammals • Fish • Reptiles15. Pelagic Birds Pelagic birds are birds that live on the open sea rather than land or waters close to land. These birds feed on crustaceans, forage fish, and squid. • Atlantic Puffin • Macaroni Penguin • Sooty Terns • Shearwaters • Procellariiformes16. Pelagic Invertebrates Pelagic invertebrates play a huge role in the Ocean Pelagic food chain. Photosynthetic zooplankton are included in this group which are base of the food cycle. Other invertebrates include: • Jellyfish • Crustaceans (crabs, lobsters, prawns)17. Pelagic Fish & Reptiles Fish are by far the most abundant type of animal in the Pelagic Zone. A majority of the fish live relatively near the surface. Pelagic reptiles include sea turtles and some species of sea snakes.18. Pelagic Mammals The Pelagic Zone is home to many mammals, one of which is the blue whale—the largest mammal on earth. The three main types of mammals found in the Pelagic Zone are whales, dolphins, and porpoises. Because the oxygen concentration is much higher near the surface, all Pelagic mammals live in the upper region.19. Animal Adaptations The animals that live in the Pelagic Zone face conditions that are very different from many other parts of the world, and therefore have adapted to this environment: • Mammals lungs collapse so they can dive down to greater depths. • Deep sea fish have lung-like swim bladders to control their buoyancy. • Fish have developed specialized functions to keep their bodies from equalizing saltwater through osmosis. • Fish have blubber to protect them from the cold, as well as a chemical in their blood to keep it following • Organisms that live in the deep sea have adapted so they can with stand the pressure, darkness, and cold—as well as the scarcity of resources.20. Works Cited • • • • • • • • • Alexander, Constantine. "Phytoplankton Loss Could Spell Disaster for Marine ecosystems." No Fish Left. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. Campbell, Neil A., and Jane B. Reece. Biology. San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings, 2002. Print. "Deep Sea Photography." Deep Sea Photography. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Oct. 2013. Kennedy, Jennifer. "The Open Ocean - Pelagic Zone." About.com Marine Life. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Oct. 2013. "Natural History Photography." Natural History Photography. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Oct. 2013. "Oceanic Pelagic Biome." Oceanic Pelagic Biome. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Oct. 2013. Stenstrom, J. 2009. "Pelagic Biome" (On Line) Untamed Science. Accessed Oct 12, 2013 at http://www.untamedscience.com/biology/world-biomes/pelagic-biome "The Structures and Adaptations to Marine Living - Marine Bio.org". Marine Bio Conservation Society. Web. Saturday, October 12, 2013. Woodward, Susan L. "Life Zones in the Ocean." Biomes of the World. Radford University, 2012. Web. 13 Oct. 2013.

D2984454

https://npidb.org/organizations/ambulatory_health_care/urgent-care_261qu0200x/1053780536.aspx

UCARE LBN CHAUBURG PLLC

UCARE LBN CHAUBURG PLLCUrgent Care Share Tweet Reviews Edit my contact information Contact Information UCARE LBN CHAUBURG PLLC3051 N ZARAGOZA RDEL PASO, TX 79938-7921 Phone: 915-401-8019 Fax: 901-401-8096 Website: Specialty Taxonomy Code Specialty Code Provider Type Urgent Care261QU0200XIndicates primary specialty Edit contact information NPI Profile & details for UCARENPI Number 1053780536LBN Legal business name CHAUBURG PLLCDBA Doing business as UCAREAuthorized official MARCELO CHAUVET - (OWNER)Entity Organization Organization subpart 1 No Enumeration date 09/15/2015Last updated 03/06/2017 - More than a year ago Identifiersn/a1Some organization health care providers are made up of components that furnish different types of health care or have separate physical locations where health care is furnished. These components and physical locations are not themselves legal entities, but are part of the organization health care provider (which is a legal entity). A covered organization provider may decide that its subparts (if it has any) should have their own NPI numbers. If a subpart conducts any HIPAA standard transactions on its own (e.g., separately from its parent), it must obtain its own NPI number. Submit Review Reviews for UCAREThere are currently no reviews for UCARE Be the first to post a comment or review . Read our reviews / comments about this provider to help you decide if they are right for you. Share your experience by posting a comment or review about this provider to help others decide which is right for them. Nearby AHC Facilities NUCH OF TEXAS 12371 EDGEMERE BLVD EL PASO, TXVISTA SURGERY CENTER LLC 1400 COMMON DRIVE EL PASO, TXOCCUPATIONAL HEALTH CENTERS OF THE SOUTHWEST, P. A. 2400 TRAWOOD EL PASO, TXAMERICAN CURRENT CARE PA 1610 N ZARAGOSA ROAD EL PASO, TXSOLAR ADULT DAY CARE CENTER 11150 MONTWOOD DR. EL PASO, TXWILLIAM BEAUMONT ARMY MEDICAL CENTER BLDG 21227 TORCH STREET FORT BLISS, TXPROJECT VIDA HEALTH CENTER 13600 RYDERWOOD EL PASO, TXPROJECT VIDA HEALTH CENTER 13000 EMERALD PASS AVE EL PASO, TXTHE LASIK VISION INSTITUTE LLC 10961 GATEWAY EL PASO, TXHELPING HAND ADULT DAY CARE INC 5420 - B DONIPHAN DR. EL PASO, TXView all AHC Facilities

D1505735

http://gouts.org/top-5-gout-treatments.html

Top 5 Gout Treatments

Top 5 Gout Treatments What gout treatment took home the editor’s choice award? We understand how uncomfortable gout can be to live with, so to help you get rid of gout we listed our top 5 gout treatments. To come up with our top treatments, we evaluated scores of gout treatment options, from over the counter to all natural products. We listed them here in order of superiority and based our research on the following criteria:1. Effectiveness2. Speed of Results3. Quality of Ingredients4. Product Safety5. Customer Service6. Customer Feedback7. Reorder Rate8. Return Policy9. Success Rate Gout Clear Exomine Flamasil Flexcin Uricinex Price (1 bottle)Price (4 bottles) * (*best value)49.9589.9059.95179.8552.95158.9549.95129.8534.97124.94Overall Rating: 98.4% 79.3% 75.1% 74.3% 61.9%Effectiveness Speed of Results Fastest Fast Average Slow Slow Ingrediants Quality Superior Good Good ok Unknown Product Safety Safe to Use Safe to Use Safe to Use Safe to Use Safe to Use Customer Service Customer Satisfaction 98.1% 79.8% 75.2% 73.3% 61.1%Reorder Rate Highest Good Average Average Average Return Policy Risk Free Risk Free Risk Free Risk Free Risk Free Success Rate 97.3% 77.3% 73.2% 75.1% 62.2%Review of Gout Treatments: Best Gout Treatments (in priority order):#1 Gout Clear - ( More Information)–More Info –Approval Rating: 98.4% (based on ingredient research)Product Claims: Gout Clear is our #1 Top Product, due to its superior ability to control the symptoms of gout while controlling uric acid build-up in the body. This product stands above the others with its all natural formulation, containing a wide range of excellent ingredients to supplement the body during gout attacks. This product provides natural relief of water build-up, supports healthy kidney function, helps the immune system and increases healing. There are even nutrients included in the blend that help to assist the body with regeneration at a cellular level. It also contains nutrients that help effectively reduce the inflammation of arthritis and pain such as; Tart Cherry Extract and Turmeric Root. Studies have shown that the key ingredients in Gout Clear assist the body in healing from gout attacks. It contains a high quality blend of nutritional ingredients including vitamins, minerals and herbs to support the whole body and reduce the symptoms and effects of gout. Researchers have recognized that three of Gout Clear’s key ingredients assist the body in reducing uric acid levels, the main cause of gout symptoms. Beneficial Ingredients like Artichoke, Rutin and Dandelion, target uric acid directly to help the body eliminate it and help prevent uric acid crystals from forming. Our editors feel that Gout Clear stands above all the other’s when it comes to a formulation that has the most ingredients to manage gout effectively. Value: First of all, Gout Clear is offering a free bottle of Tart Cherry Extract on select programs (This is the only company making this offer). Gout Clear offers a package deal that cannot be beat by its competitors. Gout Clear offers 2 bottles free if you order 2 bottles, which comes to $24.97 a bottle when you order the 4 bottle special. Gout Clear offers a 60 day guarantee for your money back, now that is an offer hard to beat. Our Conclusion: Gout Clear is ahead of the competition with its beneficial blend of key ingredients that target the cause of gout, excess uric acid. It also contains ingredients to help control inflammation and pain. With effective ingredients and value pricing, our editors believe this is the best product available.#2 Exomine – ( More Information)More Info Approval Rating: 79.3%Product Claims: This product is good because it contains beneficial all-natural ingredients that assist with joint pain and inflammation. Our editors ranked this product as our #2 choice, because it did not have some of the key ingredients to address uric acid levels, the main issue in gout. Exomine is a blend of anti-inflammatory herbal supplements that help to reduce joint pain, assist the body with rebuilding cartilage and keeping arthritis pain manageable. It contains ingredients like glucosamine and MSM, which have been reported to be very helpful among arthritis patients. Gout is a type of arthritis that is caused by excess uric acid levels in the body. This product is our editors second choice because it lacks the ingredients that target uric acid levels to help the body heal from this particular type of arthritis. Exomine is a good product for the inflammation and joint pain of arthritis, but our editors feel it could use a few more supplements to specifically target uric acid levels. Value: The manufacturers website did not list a specific recommended dosage. At $59.95 a bottle, this product is more expensive than our top product, and contains less of the ingredients. Without recommended dosage, it is hard to know how much you will need for treatment. Our Conclusion: Exomine does contain good ingredients to assist with joint pain and inflammation, but falls short of our top product because it is missing some key ingredients to address gout specifically.#3 Flamasil - ( More Information)More Info Approval Rating: 75.1%Product Claims: Flamasil is a good product targeting “total body health” with probiotics, vitamins and herbs to help fight joint pain and inflammation. This product falls short of our top product due to the lack of focus on the specific issue of gout. This product targets inflammation and pain with a combination of anti-oxidants and natural anti-inflammatories. While these ingredients are good for arthritis, they do very little to target uric acid levels specifically. The probiotics assist the body with regeneration and rebuilding the damaged cartilage in arthritis and can also help the body in restoring a natural balance, which can be helpful. However, this product does not contain any MSM or glucosamine, which are also helpful natural ingredients that target inflammation and pain. Flamasil makes good use of probiotics to help balance the body naturally. This product received our #3 product rating because of a lack of a variety of ingredients to target gout specifically. It is good for inflammation and pain, but could use more ingredients to help the body reduce uric acid levels. Value: Flamasil retails for $ 52.95 a bottle, which is a bit “pricey” as compared to our top product. Especially for a treatment that does not address gout directly. Our Conclusion: This product is good, but needs to add ingredients to assist with uric acid levels and address the specific issues with gout.#4 Flexcin – ( More Information)More Info Approval Rating: 74.3%Product Claims: This product has a good combination of all natural ingredients for inflammation and joint pain. This product fell short of our top product because it does not contain enough ingredients to target gout specifically and the main ingredient is not widely used in joint supplements and has little research. Its main ingredient was found to be helpful in arthritis, quite by accident in laboratory years ago, its creator tried it and felt relief from arthritis pain. Flexicin uses a safe an all natural ingredient called cetyl myristoleate. It is formulated to be easily absorbed by the body. This product is made in the United States and is good for sports and repetitive use injuries. There are no reported side effects and its use supports healthy joint function. The downside is our editors could not find enough instances of its use in joint supplements to support its effectiveness. It does contain MSM and glucosamine, which are known to be effective in controlling joint pain and inflammation. But this product also lacks ingredients that target gout symptoms such as increased uric acid levels. Value: Flexcin retails for $49.95 a bottle. The recommended dosage is 3 capsules daily. At 30 capsules in a bottle, at least 3 full bottles would be needed each month. Our Conclusion: Flexcin may offer benefits for joint pain and inflammation, but does not target the issues of gout. Also, the value is very pricey with the recommended dosage. Our editors would like to see more ingredients focused on gout and increase the amount of ingredients in the tablets to give the consumer more value.#5 Uricinex – ( More Information)More Info Approval Rating: 61.9%Product Claims: This product is good for gout because it is formulated to help control uric acid levels. It came in last because the manufacturers website stated it takes a full 3 to 6 months of daily use to notice the full effects of the supplement. Uricinex uses safe all-natural ingredients that are formulated to help the body balance uric acid levels and aid in the prevention of uric acid crystal formation. Elevated uric acid levels and crystal formation are the main causes of gout pain and the manufacturer claims that targeting this main cause can help reduce the pain of gout. Our editors feel this product could use more ingredients added to help with pain and inflammation relief. Reviews on the website by users stated that for most effectiveness, they needed to take the product consistently 3 times daily and they also had to reduce the amount of purines in their diet. Purines are a main factor in uric acid production by the body and should be reduced for successful gout treatment, but is questionable that diet alone may have caused their relief of symptoms. They did state that they noticed some effects of the product after two weeks of consistent use, but that falls short of our top product. Beneficial ingredients include artichoke, Yucca Root and Turmeric which assist with cleansing the body of uric acid and help with joint pain and inflammation. Two main natural anti-inflammatories; MSM and glucosamine are not included in its ingredients. The main ingredients do target gout specifically, but fall short in the areas of inflammation and pain relief. Value: The manufacturers recommended dose on the product website states 1 to 3 capsules daily. Uricinex retails for $124.94 for four bottles. Consumers stated for most effectiveness they needed 3 capsules daily, consistently. The bottles contain 60 capsules, so this would amount to 90 capsules a month needed and cost the consumer about $53.00 a month when purchased as a single unit. Our Conclusion: Uricinex is a good product for gout because it does target uric acid levels in the body. It just did not have enough ingredients to help join pain and inflammation. It also had a long waiting period for effects to be felt. This product could move up our editors list with a few more ingredients to target a broader range of gout symptoms and increase potency.

D2637913

http://www.dsindiana.org/buddywalk.php

Buddy Walk®

Buddy Walk®Down Syndrome Indiana's largest fundraising events Click here to register for Buddy Walk® Terre Haute on May 5th, 2018Click here to register for Buddy Walk® Lafayette on May 19th, 2018Click here to register for Buddy Walk® Indianapolis on October 13, 2018****When registering please register all team members that will be walking with you. This helps us know how many people are impacted and helps us plan better for this year and future years. Buddy Walk ® is the most widely recognized public awareness event for the Down syndrome community. Locally, it is the largest fundraising and awareness event for Down Syndrome Indiana. Buddy Walk ® is a family-friendly event open to all children and adults with Down syndrome, their families, friends and thousands of local supporters. As a direct result of event sponsorships, team fundraising and generous public donations, Down Syndrome Indiana is able to continue providing New Parent Packets, educational resources, informational programs, parent support networks, and social events for individuals with Down syndrome. For more information about serving on a planning committee, sponsoring a Buddy Walk, volunteering or hosting a fundraiser to benefit the Buddy Walk ®, please contact buddywalk@dsindiana.org or contact the Down Syndrome Indiana office at 317-925-7617. You can also use a donation form to track offline donations made to your team!The Buddy Walk® has three primary goals: To promote acceptance & inclusion of people with Down syndrome To raise funds locally and nationally for education, research and advocacy programs To enhance the position of the Down syndrome community, enabling us to positively influence local and national policy and practice Contact Us | Privacy Policy

D430164

https://www.theweathernetwork.com/us/weather/nevada/laughlin

Laughlin, NV

Laughlin, NV Would you like to add this location to your favourites? Yes, Save it No Thanks+Wind- - -Humidity-%Sunrise-Sunset-Pressure-UV 2 Low Laughlin Short Term Forecast Hourly 36 Hours Weekend 7 Days 14 Days DAY NIGHTFeels like: Night: POP: Wind: Hrs of Sun: Thu Apr 12Sunny25 °C2413 °030 km/h NW12Fri Apr 13Sunny25 °C2413 °035 km/h N13Sat Apr 14Sunny27 °C2614 °025 km/h N13Sun Apr 15Mainly sunny32 °C3018 °10%27 km/h S10Mon Apr 16Sunny30 °C2813 °039 km/h S12Tue Apr 17Sunny25 °C2513 °021 km/h N13Wed Apr 18Sunny29 °C2716 °023 km/h NE12Trending Now STORM WATCHBlizzard conditions, ice storm late week for Plains, Midwest UPDATEAfrica IS splitting in two. Here's why. FIRE DANGERCritical fire weather spans nearly 100,000 sq. miles SEE ITTwo tornadoes confirmed in Fort Lauderdale, airport damage2017 smashes world record for natural disaster-insured loss Powerful low to spark severe storms for Plains, Gulf States OPINION: The roads aren't ready for driverless cars Feeling brave? Here are the world's hottest peppers Underwater noise causing 'acoustic trauma' in marine life Take an audio tour of the world with Soundscapes Half of Earth’s satellites restrict use of climate data Cubs hibernate one more day as snow postpones home opener #Put Your Stick Out for Humboldt: A True North tribute NYC officials pledge less sweltering subway cars this summer Landslide takes out a huge chunk of Route 30 in Pennsylvania See All News3-Day Severe Weather Outlook Wind Risk Be Aware Learn more »Latest Weather News Feeling brave? Here are the world's hottest peppers Take an audio tour of the world with Soundscapes Above normal 2018 Atlantic hurricane season ahead: Experts Landslide takes out a huge chunk of Route 30 in Pennsylvania See All News Videos See All Videos Maps More Maps Full Screen Open Map Gallery Upload Your Own View Gallery

D1340693

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love_wave

Love wave

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (January 2009) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)How Love waves work In elastodynamics, Love waves, named after Augustus Edward Hough Love, are horizontally polarized surface waves. The Love wave is a result of the interference of many shear waves (S–waves) guided by an elastic layer, which is welded to an elastic half space on one side while bordering a vacuum on the other side. In seismology, Love waves (also known as Q waves ( Q uer: German for lateral)) are surfaceseismic waves that cause horizontal shifting of the Earth during an earthquake. Augustus Edward Hough Love predicted the existence of Love waves mathematically in 1911. They form a distinct class, different from other types of seismic waves, such as P-waves and S-waves (both body waves ), or Rayleigh waves (another type of surface wave). Love waves travel with a lower velocity than P- or S- waves, but faster than Rayleigh waves. These waves are observed only when there is a low velocity layer overlying a high velocity layer/ sub–layers. Contents [ hide ]1 Description2 Basic theory3 See also4 References Description [ edit]The particle motion of a Love wave forms a horizontal line perpendicular to the direction of propagation (i.e. are transverse waves ). Moving deeper into the material, motion can decrease to a "node" and then alternately increase and decrease as one examines deeper layers of particles. The amplitude, or maximum particle motion, often decreases rapidly with depth. Since Love waves travel on the Earth's surface, the strength (or amplitude) of the waves decrease exponentially with the depth of an earthquake. However, given their confinement to the surface, their amplitude decays only as, where represents the distance the wave has travelled from the earthquake. Surface waves therefore decay more slowly with distance than do body waves, which travel in three dimensions. Large earthquakes may generate Love waves that travel around the Earth several times before dissipating. Since they decay so slowly, Love waves are the most destructive outside the immediate area of the focus or epicentre of an earthquake. They are what most people feel directly during an earthquake. In the past, it was often thought that animals like cats and dogs could predict an earthquake before it happened. However, they are simply more sensitive to ground vibrations than humans and able to detect the subtler body waves that precede Love waves, like the P-waves and the S-waves. [1]Basic theory [ edit]The conservation of linear momentum of a linear elastic material can be written as [2]where is the displacement vector and is the stiffness tensor. Love waves are a special solution () that satisfy this system of equations. We typically use a Cartesian coordinate system () to describe Love waves. Consider an isotropic linear elastic medium in which the elastic properties are functions of only the coordinate, i.e., the Lamé parameters and the mass density can be expressed as. Displacements produced by Love waves as a function of time () have the form These are therefore antiplane shear waves perpendicular to the plane. The function can be expressed as the superposition of harmonic waves with varying wave numbers () and frequencies ( ). Let us consider a single harmonic wave, i.e.,where. The stresses caused by these displacements are If we substitute the assumed displacements into the equations for the conservation of momentum, we get a simplified equation The boundary conditions for a Love wave are that the surface tractions at the free surface must be zero. Another requirement is that the stress component in a layer medium must be continuous at the interfaces of the layers. To convert the second order differential equation in into two first order equations, we express this stress component in the formto get the first order conservation of momentum equations VT0 1 μ zμ z ρz0 VTThe above equations describe an eigenvalue problem whose solution eigenfunctions can be found by a number of numerical methods. Another common, and powerful, approach is the propagator matrix method (also called the matricant approach)See also [ edit]Longitudinal wave Antiplane shear References [ edit]A. E. H. Love, "Some problems of geodynamics", first published in 1911 by the Cambridge University Press and published again in 1967 by Dover, New York, USA. (Chapter 11: Theory of the propagation of seismic waves)^ "What Is Seismology?". Michigan Technological University. 2007. Retrieved 2009-07-28.^ The body force is assumed to be zero and direct tensor notation has been used. For other ways of writing these governing equations see linear elasticity. Categories: Geophysics Waves Seismology

D2455601

https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/nick-viall-cast-next-bachelor-abc-924585

The two-time 'Bachelorette' runner-up is currently appearing on 'Bachelor in Paradise.'

Nick Viall is getting his fourth shot at love on the Bachelor franchise. ABC has announced that Nick, who was the runner-up on two seasons of The Bachelorette and is currently appearing on Bachelor in Paradise, will be the next Bachelor. The announcement came on Tuesday's After Paradise, the aftershow for the summer spinoff series. "I'm definitely ready for it — I'm really excited," Nick, 35, told co-hosts Michelle Collins and Sean Lowe about his appointment as leading man for the 21st cycle. "I couldn't be more excited about the possibility of it working out. "Nick placed second on Andi Dorfman's season of The Bachelorette in 2014. One year later, he returned to the franchise, only to have his heart broken again on national television as runner-up with Kaitlyn Bristowe. Though Bachelor viewers, who are collectively referred to as Bachelor Nation, have watched Nick lose out on two fiancees, he also is remembered for his behavior on Andi's After the Final Rose. During the live post-finale special, he revealed that the pair had sex during the private fantasy suite dates. Andi, who chronicled the slut-shaming she experienced as a result in her book, ended up choosing Josh Murray. (The pair ultimately split. )Nick and Josh are both currently on Bachelor in Paradise, where they once again fought over the same girl, with Josh winning out. Read More Chris Harrison on Picking Nick Viall as the Next Bachelor: "It's Just Crazy Enough to Work""I've made my mistakes," Nick admitted to Collins on After Paradise. "I've had an interesting process through this journey, and it hasn't worked so far. Hopefully, things will end up on a more positive note. "The After Paradise hosts acknowledged Nick's turnaround from bad boy to fan favorite, with Collins referring to the Bachelor as his "redemption" season. The software salesman and model is currently dating Jen Saviano on Bachelor in Paradise, and Collins called his Bachelor announcement a spoiler alert for how their relationship will play out. "You'll have to watch to see how it ends," said Nick with a smirk, about his Bachelor in Paradise run, which ends on the Sept. 6 finale. He then revealed the qualities he's looking for as the Bachelor: "Someone who is confident and knows their own self-worth. And somebody who makes me a better person and challenges me and isn't afraid to give as much as I like to. "Read More'The Bachelorette's' Luke on Fan Push to be the Next 'Bachelor': "I Would Be Open to It"Nick's appointment as leading man comes as a surprise, as the franchise typically selects a fan favorite from the previous season of The Bachelorette . Before the last-minute switch, Luke Pell, who placed fourth during Joelle "Jo Jo" Fletcher's most recent season, had been the frontrunner pick since his elimination, according to show sources. Collins, who co-hosts the weekly hourlong aftershow with former Bachelor Lowe, teased the announcement ahead of the episode on social media and told viewers during the show, "You're going to die!" about the pick. New @Bachelor ABC announcement on #After Paradise tonight and he's here and I'm fully shaking. TUNE IN JUST TRUST ME Love, your friend, Mich— Michelle Collins (@michcoll) August 30, 2016Franchise creator Mike Fleiss, who had initially promised that he would make the announcement on his Twitter account, spent the night teasing who the Bachelor wouldn't be, naming both Luke and Jo Jo's runner-up, Robby Hayes. Tuesday's After Paradise also revealed that a fan-favorite couple from Bachelor in Paradise has split. After leaving the show together on Tuesday's episode, Caila Quinn and Jared Haibon appeared on the aftershow to give an update on their relationship. "We just couldn't really get past Paradise ," said Caila, referring to castmember Ashley Iaconetti getting between them. "Friends call him often and he answers and things were brought up that we couldn't really let go of. It made it hard to move forward. "Though Caila met Jared's parents, they ended the relationship after six weeks due to "other forces." When Jared appeared, he confirmed that he and Ashley are still friends, and when Ashley surprised the pair on-air, she told Collins that she doesn't feel responsible for Caila and Jared's split. Read More Chris Harrison Explains Why He Isn't Hosting 'After Paradise'The decision to announce the Bachelor on After Paradise could boost show ratings. Since its first season, which was hosted by Chris Harrison, After Paradise has seen a drop. In the three weeks it's aired, the same-day ratings have been 0.6, 0.5 and 0.7, respectively, in the 18-49 demo. ABC's choice of Nick as the next Bachelor continues the long-running franchise's diversity woes. On all 20 seasons of The Bachelor, there has been only one diverse star, American-born Venezuelan Juan Pablo Galavis. ABC entertainment president Channing Dungey was again pressed about the lack of diversity on the franchise at the Television Critics Association's summer press tour, where she explained that the challenge is to get more diverse candidates on the show from the start. For the past several seasons, the new Bachelor or Bachelorette has been a popular castmember from the previous cycle. For Jo Jo's season, there were 21 white and six nonwhite contestants and her final eight were all white. "I would very much like to see some changes,” admitted Dungey. "It’s worked very well for us because the audiences feel really engaged [in choosing] that candidate. What we’d like to do is broaden that. We need to increase the pool of diverse candidates in the beginning. That is something we really want to put some effort and energy towards. "Season 21 of The Bachelor will air in January on ABC. Bachelor in Paradise will air Monday and Tuesday at 8 p.m. ET/PT, with After Paradise following Tuesday's finale at 9 p.m. Watch Nick's announcement on After Paradise here. Read More Chad Johnson Set to Appear on Ben Higgins, Lauren Bushnell Spinoff Show The Bachelor Bachelor Nation

D1350628

https://www.audioenglish.org/dictionary/peso.htm

PESO

Audio English.org » Dictionary » P » Pes Cavus ... Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky PESOPronunciation (US): Dictionary entry overview: What does peso mean?• PESO (noun) The noun PESO has 8 senses:1. the basic unit of money in Uruguay; equal to 100 centesimos 2. the basic unit of money in the Philippines; equal to 100 centavos 3. the basic unit of money in Mexico; equal to 100 centavos 4. the basic unit of money in Guinea-Bissau; equal to 100 centavos 5. the basic unit of money in the Dominican Republic; equal to 100 centavos 6. the basic unit of money in Cuba; equal to 100 centavos 7. the basic unit of money in Colombia; equal to 100 centavos 8. the basic unit of money in Chile; equal to 100 centesimos Familiarity information: PESO used as a noun is common. Dictionary entry details• PESO (noun)Sense 1 peso [BACK TO TOP]Meaning: The basic unit of money in Uruguay; equal to 100 centesimos Classified under: Nouns denoting quantities and units of measure Synonyms:peso; Uruguayan peso Hypernyms ("peso" is a kind of...): Uruguayan monetary unit (monetary unit in Uruguay)Meronyms (parts of "peso"):centesimo (a fractional monetary unit of several countries: Panama and Italy and Uruguay and Chile)centavo (a fractional monetary unit of several countries: El Salvador and Sao Tome and Principe and Brazil and Argentina and Bolivia and Colombia and Cuba and the Dominican Republic and Ecuador and El Salvador and Guatemala and Honduras and Mexico and Nicaragua and Peru and the Philippines and Portugal)Sense 2 peso [BACK TO TOP]Meaning: The basic unit of money in the Philippines; equal to 100 centavos Classified under: Nouns denoting quantities and units of measure Synonyms: Philippine peso; peso Hypernyms ("peso" is a kind of...): Philippine monetary unit (monetary unit in the Philippines)Meronyms (parts of "peso"):centavo (a fractional monetary unit of several countries: El Salvador and Sao Tome and Principe and Brazil and Argentina and Bolivia and Colombia and Cuba and the Dominican Republic and Ecuador and El Salvador and Guatemala and Honduras and Mexico and Nicaragua and Peru and the Philippines and Portugal)Sense 3 peso [BACK TO TOP]Meaning: The basic unit of money in Mexico; equal to 100 centavos Classified under: Nouns denoting quantities and units of measure Synonyms: Mexican peso; peso Hypernyms ("peso" is a kind of...): Mexican monetary unit (monetary unit in Mexico)Meronyms (parts of "peso"):centavo (a fractional monetary unit of several countries: El Salvador and Sao Tome and Principe and Brazil and Argentina and Bolivia and Colombia and Cuba and the Dominican Republic and Ecuador and El Salvador and Guatemala and Honduras and Mexico and Nicaragua and Peru and the Philippines and Portugal)Sense 4 peso [BACK TO TOP]Meaning: The basic unit of money in Guinea-Bissau; equal to 100 centavos Classified under: Nouns denoting quantities and units of measure Synonyms: Guinea-Bissau peso; peso Hypernyms ("peso" is a kind of...): Guinea-Bissau monetary unit (monetary unit in Guinea-Bissau)Meronyms (parts of "peso"):centavo (a fractional monetary unit of several countries: El Salvador and Sao Tome and Principe and Brazil and Argentina and Bolivia and Colombia and Cuba and the Dominican Republic and Ecuador and El Salvador and Guatemala and Honduras and Mexico and Nicaragua and Peru and the Philippines and Portugal)Sense 5 peso [BACK TO TOP]Meaning: The basic unit of money in the Dominican Republic; equal to 100 centavos Classified under: Nouns denoting quantities and units of measure Synonyms: Dominican peso; peso Hypernyms ("peso" is a kind of...): Dominican monetary unit (monetary unit in the Dominican Republic)Meronyms (parts of "peso"):centavo (a fractional monetary unit of several countries: El Salvador and Sao Tome and Principe and Brazil and Argentina and Bolivia and Colombia and Cuba and the Dominican Republic and Ecuador and El Salvador and Guatemala and Honduras and Mexico and Nicaragua and Peru and the Philippines and Portugal)Sense 6 peso [BACK TO TOP]Meaning: The basic unit of money in Cuba; equal to 100 centavos Classified under: Nouns denoting quantities and units of measure Synonyms: Cuban peso; peso Hypernyms ("peso" is a kind of...): Cuban monetary unit (monetary unit in Cuba)Meronyms (parts of "peso"):centavo (a fractional monetary unit of several countries: El Salvador and Sao Tome and Principe and Brazil and Argentina and Bolivia and Colombia and Cuba and the Dominican Republic and Ecuador and El Salvador and Guatemala and Honduras and Mexico and Nicaragua and Peru and the Philippines and Portugal)Sense 7 peso [BACK TO TOP]Meaning: The basic unit of money in Colombia; equal to 100 centavos Classified under: Nouns denoting quantities and units of measure Synonyms: Colombian peso; peso Hypernyms ("peso" is a kind of...): Colombian monetary unit (monetary unit in Colombia)Meronyms (parts of "peso"):centavo (a fractional monetary unit of several countries: El Salvador and Sao Tome and Principe and Brazil and Argentina and Bolivia and Colombia and Cuba and the Dominican Republic and Ecuador and El Salvador and Guatemala and Honduras and Mexico and Nicaragua and Peru and the Philippines and Portugal)Sense 8 peso [BACK TO TOP]Meaning: The basic unit of money in Chile; equal to 100 centesimos Classified under: Nouns denoting quantities and units of measure Synonyms: Chilean peso; peso Hypernyms ("peso" is a kind of...): Chilean monetary unit (monetary unit in Chile)Meronyms (parts of "peso"):centesimo (a fractional monetary unit of several countries: Panama and Italy and Uruguay and Chile)Learn English with... Proverbs of the week"A creaking gate hangs long." (English proverb) "Words coming from far away are always half true, half false." (Bhutanese proverb) "Pick the lesser of the two evils." (Arabic proverb) "Comparing apples and pears." (Dutch proverb)PESO: related words searches» Uruguayan monetary unit: pronunciation in phonetic transcription » centavo meaning » What does centavo mean? » Definition of centavo » What does centavo mean? Related FAQs:» PESOPESKYPESOPESSARYPESSIMALPESSIMISMPESSIMISTPESSIMISTICPESSIMISTICALLYPESSIMUMPESTEnglish learning courses About Practical English About Telephone English About Accounting English Learn English Free English Language Dictionary British and American English pronunciation Other popular searches:» voyuer definition » novella » meaning of parliamentary democracy » alessandro di mariano dei filipepi » what does halloween mean Page delivered in 0.0582 seconds

D1083628

http://opiateaddictionsupport.com/xanaxforopiatewithdrawal/

How To Use Xanax For Opiate Withdrawal

January 16, 2015 by Matt Finch 84 Comments How To Use Xanax For Opiate Withdrawal In this article, I’m going to teach you how to use Xanax for opiate withdrawal. Opiate withdrawal wouldn’t be all that bad if you only experienced the physical symptoms. Unfortunately, the anxiety, psychological terror, and insomnia can make withdrawal a living hell. Several years ago I was addicted to opiates. Every few weeks or months I would not be able to get any more opiates. Sometimes my dealer was out, but usually, it was because I was out of money. Whenever this happened, I knew that I had about twelve hours after my last dose before the withdrawal symptoms would start coming on. During this time, I would text everyone I knew to see if I could score some Xanax for opiate withdrawal symptoms. Actually, I didn’t even care if it was Xanax. Other pills such as Valium, Klonopin or Ativan would work well too. These medications are in a class of drugs called benzodiazepines. Commonly referred to as “benzos”, these pills are very effective at reducing anxiety and easing nervous tension. They also relax muscles and help you fall and stay asleep. Xanax for Opiate Withdrawal Xanax is a brand name for the anxiolytic (anti-anxiety) medication known as alprazolam. Xanax is commonly prescribed for anxiety and panic disorder, though many opiate abusers have used Xanax for opiate withdrawal. Xanax is a short-acting benzo, so the effects come on hard and fast. The downside of this is that the effects also go away quickly, requiring you to take it more often during opiate withdrawal. Klonopin is the benzo with the longest duration, though the effects come on more slowly than Xanax. Valium falls in the middle of these two. Using Xanax for opiate withdrawal has become popular due to its remarkable ability at treating the following symptoms: Anxiety Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS)Muscle tension and soreness Psychological terror Insomnia Poor appetite When determining whether or not you should use Xanax for opiate withdrawal, please consider the following key points: Everyone is biochemically unique; so while Xanax worked well for me and countless others, it won’t help everyone ease their symptoms. For some individuals, Xanax will work well, though Ativan, Klonopin, Librium or Valium might work better. Many individuals say Xanax helps them calm anxiety and fall asleep, though a small minority complain that it makes them too much like a zombie. Xanax and other benzos can be habit-forming. Taking too much Xanax can lead to an overdose. How to Use Xanax for Opiate Withdrawal Taking Xanax for opiate withdrawal can be a lifesaver if done properly. The following key points illustrate a very safe way to use Xanax for opiate withdrawal symptoms relief: Always take Xanax under the supervision of a physician. Xanax comes in tablets that are circular which are 0.25 mg or 0.5 mg, football-shaped tablets that are 1.0 mg, and rectangular bars that are 2.0 mg. Due to differences in severity of addiction and biochemical uniqueness, there is no set Xanax for opiate withdrawal dosage. Take the least amount of Xanax necessary to achieve opiate withdrawal symptoms relief. Discontinue Xanax after 3-4 days; the worst of the withdrawals should be over by day 5, and this way you won’t develop a physical dependence on Xanax. Most individuals will benefit from as little as 0.5 mg per dose, though some will need up to 2.0 mg, especially at night before bed. What if you Can’t Get Xanax for Opiate Withdrawal? If you’re going through opiate withdrawal right now and can’t get Xanax from a doctor or drug dealer, I feel your pain. Fortunately, there are two herbs that work in very similar ways to Xanax. Xanax benefits for opiate withdrawal are due to it binding to GABA A receptors in the brain. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that acts as a mental relaxant. GABA is basically our natural Xanax, though our bodies produce it in the precise amounts we were designed to handle. Valerian root and passion flower are herbs that activate your GABA receptors like Xanax does. They both have been shown to naturally reduce anxiety and insomnia. In one study, 75 participants with nonorganic insomnia were put into two different groups. One group received 600 mg of standardized valerian extract, while the other group received 10 mg of oxazepam (a benzodiazepine medication) for 28 days. Assessment tools used to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerance of the interventions included validated sleep, mood scale, and anxiety questionnaires as well as sleep rating by a physician. Results: Both groups had the same improvement in sleep quality but the valerian group reported fewer side effects than did the oxazepam group. I used valerian root and passion flower many times for opiate withdrawal anxiety and insomnia. Passion flower is also very beneficial for relieving gastrointestinal upset due to narcotic drug withdrawal. These two herbs are not as strong as Xanax for opiate withdrawal, but they still work very well, especially when combined with other herbs, vitamins, minerals and amino acids used in the treatment of withdrawal. If you can’t get Xanax for opiate withdrawal, I HIGHLY RECOMMEND taking passion flower and valerian root as a natural and safe alternative. These will help with anxiety, insomnia, and muscle relaxation, but they will not treat other symptoms. They do nothing for fatigue, hot and cold flashes, diarrhea or sweating. Furthermore, they don’t help replenish your brain with dopamine. I always encourage people going through opiate withdrawal to take a formula specifically designed to treat all of these symptoms in a holistic and synergistic way. This Opiate Withdrawal Formula is a product that contains valerian root and passion flower, among other beneficial nutrients for easing symptoms. If you can afford it, I also highly recommend taking this awesome supplement, because the benefits are just too good to pass up. Click here now to view my best home detox program. If you have any questions on using Xanax for opiate withdrawal, please post them in the comment box below. Please review this post!GET YOUR FREE OPIATE RECOVERY TOOLKITEnter your email to get my Free OPIATE RECOVERY TOOLKIT, which contains a PDF Download on the Top 6 Methods of Opiate Detox, an Online Course on How To Detox From Opiates At Home, and a Scientific Review on the Top 4 Natural Remedies for Opiate Withdrawal. GET IT NOWFiled Under: Medications for Opiate Withdrawal, Opiate Withdrawal Tagged With: xanax for opiate withdrawal

D2747426

http://birchhillhappenings.com/bathroom.htm

CLEAN-UP AND FRESHEN the BATHROOM

CLEAN-UP AND FRESHEN the BATHROOMby Penny Keay Everyone just loves cleaning the bathroom. Okay, so maybe not everyone, but as you know it has to be done. As usual you can add any number of essential oils to your cleaning bucket. Add several drops of any of the citrus oils to your cleaning bucket. Or if you prefer, after you have done the 'major' cleaning add a few drops essential oils to your damp cloth and do a surface clean. It will give the added disinfection properties to your final cleaning wipes. All essential oils have disinfecting properties in varying degrees. So while adding scents to your room while cleaning you are also disinfecting!An easy spray room freshener can be made by adding a few drops essential oils to some Emulsifier before adding to distilled water. Spritz in the bathroom a couple times a day. Shake the bottle well before spritzing to keep the mix of essential oils well blended. Orange, Lemon, Bergamot, Lime, and of course the old stand by Lavender are the oils most commonly used. Another oil that is quite popular right now is Lemongrass. Do you have a small bath room and there is no room to set a diffuser or an open outlet available for a Scent Ball? Simply remove the toilet paper roll from the holder and drop several drops of oil inside the cardboard tube. Replace your roll on the holder. Behold another simple yet effective way to diffuse essential oils. Spring Floral scent Rosewood- 10 drops Ylang Ylang - 10 drops Lemon - 6 drops Clove - 6 drops Cedarwood - 4 drops Blend these oils in a small amber bottle. Shake and blend well. Then simply add to your diffuser in the bathroom or drop inside the card board portion of the toilet paper roll or add to the petals of the silk flower arrangement that sits in your bathroom. Citrus Air Freshener Orange - 50 drops Lemon - 35 drops Grapefruit - 20 drops Cedarwood - 15 drops Distilled water - 4 oz Emulsifier - 1 1/2 teaspoons Blend essential oils together with the emulsifier and then add to 4 oz of distilled water. Shake well and spraying the room. Remember to shake well before and during spraying. Please note - the use of essential oils for cleaning the bathroom is for wiping down surfaces - NOT for cleaning the INNER portion of your Toilet. You have other cleaners for that spot! !All the products listed in the article are available at our Shopping Site.© 2005,2012,2013,2015, 2017 Penny Keay All rights reserved Worldwide. Please do not use my information without my permission. For all your aromatherapy needs please visit us on line: CLICK HERE to Go Shopping with us. To the Top of the Page Click Here for the Aromatherapy Tip Index Click Here for the Health & Beauty Index Click Here for the Newsletter Index

D52699

https://www.fourseasons.com/borabora/spa/body_treatments/

Body Treatments

SPABody Treatments Above and beyond mere relaxation, CARITA body treatments are a transformative experience. Alone or combined with other treatments, you can construct a tailored treatment to suit you, which offers the desired results and uses the time you have available. RENOVATEURThis professional exfoliator, the signature of the CARITA experience, removes dead cells and transforms the skin’s texture. Combined with drainage gestures, it helps to reactivate flows and detoxify the skin.50 Minutes XPF 18,000Request Now SILK REVELATIONThis deeply relaxing, nourishing and uniting treatment is an invitation to relax and let go. Generous gestures relax the body whilst the nourishing texture of the massage balm leaves the skin perfectly soft and silky.50 - 80 Minutes XPF 18,000 - 23,000Request Now SUPPLENESS TREATMENTThis relaxing and invigorating massage works on muscle mobilisation and suppleness to relieve tension, release the body and infuse it with new vitality. A concentrated massage that employs a variety of techniques, to detoxify and increase circulation. Your therapist’s hands will focus on relieving tense and painful muscles, while increasing range of motion concentrating on specific areas, melting tension away.50 - 80 Minutes XPF 18,000 - 23,000Request Now BACK RELAXERBased on a Suppleness Treatment, this supportive massage relieves deep muscular tension. The hands of Carita Experts move along the back to the peripheral muscles in order to soothe the entire body.30 Minutes XPF 12,000Request Now

D457940

https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081114111017AA1fQ3k

How does atp synthase produce atp?

Science & Mathematics Biology How does atp synthase produce atp? Follow 2 answers Answers Best Answer: Well, along the inner membrane of mitochondria you have an electron transport chain that receives the electrons released from the citric acid cycle via the carrier NADH. Electrons then flow through the electron transport chain and cause hydrogen to be pumped into the intermembrane space from the matrix which generates a proton gradient. The ATP synthase (also along the inner membrane) then allows the protons to flow down their concentration electrochemical gradient back into the matrix. The protons flowing through the ATP synthase generate a mechanical energy which causes the the portion of the enzyme sticking into the membrane to rotate inside of a stationary head. This mechanical energy is then converted into the chemical bond energy needed to combine the ADP and phosphate together to make ATP inside the matrix. Hope that makes sense....nickname · 10 years ago0 0 1 commentelectron chain transport makes gradient. ATP synthase uses gradient to drive ADP + PO2 => ATP.employee of the month · 10 years ago0 0 Comment Maybe you would like to learn more about one of these? Interested in dating sites? Graphic Design Degrees Need a DUI Attorney? Time for a Caribbean cruise?

D2707005

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_IB

Saturn IB

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Saturn IBThree launch configurations of the Apollo Saturn IB rocket: no spacecraft ( AS-203 ), Command/Service module (most missions); and Lunar Module ( Apollo 5)Function Apollo spacecraft development; S-IVB stage development in support of Saturn V; Skylab crew launcher Manufacturer Chrysler ( S-IB) Douglas ( S-IVB)Country of origin United States Size Height 141.6 ft (43.2 m) without payload [1]Diameter 21.67 ft (6.61 m) [1]Mass 1,300,220 lb (589,770 kg) without payload [2]Stages 2Capacity Payload to LEO46,000 lb (21,000 kg) [3]Launch history Status Retired Launch sites LC-37 & LC-34, Cape Canaveral LC-39B, Kennedy Space Center Total launches 9Successes 9Failures 0First flight February 26, 1966Last flight July 15, 1975Notable payloads Unmanned Apollo CSM Unmanned Apollo LM Manned Apollo CSMFirst stage – S-IBLength 80.17 feet (24.44 m)Diameter 21.42 feet (6.53 m)Empty mass 92,500 pounds (42,000 kg)Gross mass 973,000 pounds (441,000 kg)Propellant mass 880,500 pounds (399,400 kg)Engines 8 × Rocketdyne H-1Thrust 1,600,000 lbf (7,100 k N)Specific impulse 272 seconds (2.67 km/s)Burn time 150 seconds Fuel RP-1 / LOXSecond stage – S-IVB -200Length 58.42 feet (17.81 m)Diameter 21.42 feet (6.53 m)Empty mass 23,400 pounds (10,600 kg)Gross mass 251,900 pounds (114,300 kg)Propellant mass 228,500 pounds (103,600 kg)Engines Rocketdyne J-2Thrust 200,000 lbf (890 k N)Specific impulse 420 seconds (4.1 km/s)Burn time 480 seconds Fuel LH 2 / LOXThe Saturn IB (pronounced "one B", also known as the Uprated Saturn I) was an American launch vehicle commissioned by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for the Apollo program. It replaced the S-IV second stage of the Saturn I with the much more powerful S-IVB, able to launch a partially fueled Apollo Command/Service Module (CSM) or a fully fueled Lunar Module (LM) into low Earth orbit for early flight tests before the larger Saturn V needed for lunar flight was ready. By sharing the S-IVB upper stage, the Saturn IB and Saturn V provided a common interface to the Apollo spacecraft. The only major difference was that the S-IVB on the Saturn V burned only part of its propellant to achieve Earth orbit, so it could be restarted for trans-lunar injection. The S-IVB on the Saturn IB needed all of its propellant to achieve Earth orbit. The Saturn IB launched two unmanned CSM suborbital flights, one unmanned LM orbital flight, and the first manned CSM orbital mission (first planned as Apollo 1, later flown as Apollo 7 ). It also launched one orbital mission, AS-203, without a payload so the S-IVB would have residual liquid hydrogen fuel. This mission supported the design of the restartable version of the S-IVB used in the Saturn V, by observing the behavior of the liquid hydrogen in weightlessness. In 1973, the year after the Apollo lunar program ended, three Apollo CSM/Saturn IBs ferried crews to the Skylab space station. In 1975, one last Apollo/Saturn IB launched the Apollo portion of the joint US- USSR Apollo–Soyuz Test Project (ASTP). A backup Apollo CSM/Saturn IB was assembled and made ready for a Skylab rescue mission, but never flown. The remaining Saturn IBs in NASA's inventory were scrapped after the ASTP mission, as no use could be found for them and all heavy lift needs of the US space program could be serviced by the cheaper and more versatile Titan III family. Contents [ hide ]1 History2 Specifications2.1 Launch vehicle2.2 Payload configurations3 S-IB stage4 S-IVB-200 stage5 Instrument Unit6 Launch sequence events7 Saturn IB vehicles and launches7.1 Saturn IB rockets on display8 Cost9 See also10 References11 External links History [ edit]In 1959, NASA's Silverstein Committee issued recommendations to develop the Saturn class launch vehicles, growing from the C-1. When the Apollo program was started in 1961 with the goal of landing men on the Moon, NASA chose the Saturn I for Earth orbital test missions. However, the Saturn I's payload limit of 20,000 pounds (9,100 kg) would allow testing of only the Command Module with a smaller propulsion module attached, as the Apollo Command/Service Module would have a dry weight of at least 26,300 pounds (11,900 kg), in addition to service propulsion and reaction control fuel. In July 1962, NASA announced selection of the C-5 for the lunar landing mission, and decided to develop another launch vehicle by upgrading the Saturn I, replacing its S-IV second stage with the S-IVB, which would also be modified for use as the Saturn V third stage. The S-I first stage would also be upgraded to the S-IB by improving the thrust of its engines and removing some weight. The new Saturn IB, with a payload capability of at least 35,000 pounds (16,000 kg), [4] would replace the Saturn I for Earth orbit testing, allowing the Command/Service Module to be flown with a partial fuel load. It would also allow launching the 32,000-pound (15,000 kg) Lunar Excursion Module separately for unmanned and manned Earth orbital testing, before the Saturn V was ready to be flown. It would also give early development to the third stage. [2]On May 12, 1966, NASA announced the vehicle's name would be changed to the "Uprated Saturn I", at the same time the "Lunar Excursion Module" was renamed the Lunar Module. However, the "Uprated Saturn I" name was reverted to Saturn IB on December 2, 1967. [2]By the time it was developed, the Saturn IB payload capability had increased to 41,000 pounds (19,000 kg). [2] By 1973, when it was used to launch three Skylab missions, the first-stage engine had been upgraded further, raising the payload capability to 46,000 pounds (21,000 kg). Specifications [ edit]Launch vehicle [ edit]Parameter [1] S-IB 1st Stage S-IVB-200 2nd Stage Instrument Unit Height 80.17 ft (24.44 m) 58.42 ft (17.81 m) 3.00 ft (0.91 m)Diameter 21.42 ft (6.53 m) 21.67 ft (6.61 m) 21.67 ft (6.61 m)Structural mass 92,500 lb (42,000 kg) 23,400 lb (10,600 kg) 4,400 lb (2,000 kg)Propellant RP-1 / LOX LH 2 / LOX N/APropellant mass 880,500 lb (399,400 kg) 228,500 lb (103,600 kg) N/AEngines Eight - H-1 One - J-2 N/AThrust 1,600,000 lbf (7,100 k N) sea level 200,000 lbf (890 k N) vacuum N/ABurn duration 150 s 480 s N/ASpecific impulse 272 s (2.66 k N·s/kg) sea level 420 s (4.12 k N·s/kg) vacuum N/AContractor Chrysler Douglas IBMPayload configurations [ edit]Parameter Command/Service Module Apollo 5 AS-203Launch Escape System mass 9,200 lb (4,200 kg) N/A N/AApollo Command/Service Module mass 36,400 lb (16,500 kg) to 46,000 lb (21,000 kg) N/A N/AApollo Lunar Module mass N/A 31,650 lb (14,360 kg) N/ASpacecraft LM Adapter mass 4,050 lb (1,840 kg) 4,050 lb (1,840 kg) N/ANose cone height N/A 8.3 ft (2.5 m) 27.7 ft (8.4 m)Payload height 81.8 ft (24.9 m) 36.3 ft (11.1 m) N/ATotal space vehicle height 223.4 ft (68.1 m) 177.9 ft (54.2 m) 169.4 ft (51.6 m)S-IB stage [ edit]Main article: S-IBDiagram of the S-IB first stage of the Saturn IB rocket The S-IB stage was built by the Chrysler corporation at the Michoud Assembly Facility, New Orleans. [5] It was powered by eight Rocketdyne H-1 rocket engines burning RP-1 fuel with liquid oxygen (LOX). Eight Redstone tanks (four holding fuel and four holding LOX) were clustered around a Jupiter rocket LOX tank. The four outboard engines were mounted on gimbals, allowing them to be steered to control the rocket. Eight fins surrounding the base thrust structure provided aerodynamic stability and control. Height: 80.17 ft (24.44 m)Diameter: 21.42 ft (6.53 m)Number of fins: 8Finspan: 39.42 ft (12.02 m)Engines: 8 Rocketdyne H-1Thrust: 1,600,000 lbf (7,100 k N)Fuel: RP-1 (Refined kerosene) 41,000 US gal (155 m 3)Oxidizer: Liquid oxygen ( LOX) 66,277 US gal (251 m 3) nominal capacity including 1.5% ullage volume (43,284 US gal / 163 m 3 in four outer tanks plus 22,993 US gal / 87 m 3 in center tank [6])Burn time: 2.5 min Burnout altitude: 37 nmi (69 km)S-IVB-200 stage [ edit]Main article: S-IVBDiagram of the S-IVB second stage of the Saturn IBThe S-IVB was built by the Douglas Aircraft Company at Huntington Beach, California. The S-IVB-200 model was similar to the S-IVB-500 third stage used on the Saturn V, with the exception of the interstage adapter, smaller auxiliary propulsion control modules, and lack of on-orbit engine restart capability. It was powered by a single Rocketdyne J-2 engine. The fuel and oxidizer tanks shared a common bulkhead, which saved about ten tons of weight and reduced vehicle length over ten feet. Height: 58.42 ft (17.81 m)Diameter: 21.67 ft (6.61 m)Engine: single J-2Thrust: 200,000 lbf (890 k N)Fuel: Liquid hydrogen ( LH 2) 64,000 US gal (242 m 3)Oxidizer: Liquid oxygen ( LOX) 20,000 US gal (76 m 3)Burn time: approx. 7 min Burnout altitude (for Saturn IB): orbit Instrument Unit [ edit]Main article: Saturn V Instrument Unit The Instrument Unit, which controlled the Saturn IB and Saturn VIBM built the Instrument Unit at the Space Systems Center in Huntsville, Alabama. Located at the top of the S-IVB stage, it consisted of a Launch Vehicle Digital Computer (LVDC), an inertial platform, accelerometers, a tracking, telemetry and command system and associated environmental controls. It controlled the entire rocket from just before liftoff until battery depletion. Like other rocket guidance systems, it maintained its state vector (position and velocity estimates) by integrating accelerometer measurements, sent firing and steering commands to the main engines and auxiliary thrusters, and fired the appropriate ordnance and solid rocket motors during staging and payload separation events. As with other rockets, a completely independent and redundant range safety system could be invoked by ground radio command to terminate thrust and to destroy the vehicle should it malfunction and threaten people or property on the ground. In the Saturn IB and V, the range safety system was permanently disabled by ground command after safely reaching orbit. This was done to ensure that the S-IVB stage would not inadvertently rupture and create a cloud of debris in orbit that could endanger the crew of the Apollo CSM. Launch sequence events [ edit]Launch event Time (s) Altitude (km) Range (km)Ignition Command -3.02.. First Motion -0.19.. Liftoff 0.00.. Initiate Pitch Maneuver 10.0.. Initiate Roll Maneuver 10.0.. End Roll Maneuver 38.0.. Mach One 62.18 7.63. Max Q 75.5 12.16. Freeze Tilt 134.40.. Inboard Engine Cutoff 140.65.. Outboard Engine Cutoff 144.32.. Ullage Rockets Ignition 145.37.. S-IB / S-IVB Separation 145.59.. S-IVB Ignition 146.97.. Ullage Rocket Burnout 148.33.. Ullage Rocket Jettison 156.58.. Jettison LES 163.28.. Start Pitch Over 613.95.. S-IVB Cutoff 616.76.. Orbit Insertion 626.76.. Start S/C Sep Sequence 663.11.. Spacecraft Separation 728.31.. Saturn IB vehicles and launches [ edit]Saturn IB mounted on the "milkstool" platform The first five Saturn IB launches for the Apollo program were made from LC-34 and LC-37, Cape Kennedy Air Force Station. The Saturn IB was used between 1973 and 1975 for three manned Skylab flights, and one Apollo-Soyuz Test Project flight. This final production run did not have alternating black and white S-IB stage tanks, or vertical stripes on the S-IVB aft tank skirt, which were present on the earlier vehicles. Since LC-34 and 37 were inactive by then, these launches utilized Kennedy Space Center's LC-39B. [7]Mobile Launcher Platform No. 1 was modified, adding an elevated platform known as the "milkstool" to accommodate the height differential between the Saturn IB and the much larger Saturn V. [7] This enabled alignment of the Launch Umbilical Tower's access arms to accommodate crew access, fueling, and ground electrical connections for the Apollo spacecraft and S-IVB upper stage. The tower's second stage access arms were modified to service the S-IB first stage. [7]All Saturn IB launches from AS-201 through ASTPSerial Number Mission Spacecraft Mass (kg) Launch Date Notes SA-201 AS-20120,820 February 26, 1966 Unmanned suborbital test of Block I CSM (Command/Service Module)SA-203 AS-203None July 5, 1966 Unmanned test of unburned LH 2 behavior in orbit to support S-IVB-500 restart design SA-202 AS-20225,810 August 25, 1966 Unmanned suborbital test of Block I CSMSA-204Apollo 120,412 Was to be first manned orbital test of Block I CSM. Cabin fire killed astronauts and damaged CM during dress rehearsal for planned February 21, 1967 launch Apollo 514,360 January 22, 1968 Unmanned orbital test of Lunar Module, used Apollo 1 launch vehicle SA-205 Apollo 716,520 October 11, 1968 Manned orbital test of Block II CSMSA-206 Skylab 2 19,979 May 25, 1973 Block II CSM ferried first crew to Skylab orbital workshop SA-207 Skylab 3 20,121 July 28, 1973 Block II CSM ferried second crew to Skylab orbital workshop SA-208AS-208 Standby Skylab 3 rescue CSM-119; not needed Skylab 420,847 November 16, 1973 Block II CSM ferried third crew to Skylab orbital workshop SA-209AS-209Standby Skylab 4 and later Apollo-Soyuz rescue CSM-119. Not needed, currently on display in the KSC rocket garden Skylab 5Planned CSM mission to lift Skylab workshop's orbit to endure until Space Shuttle ready to fly; cancelled. SA-210 ASTP16,780 July 15, 1975 Apollo CSM with special docking adapter module, rendezvoused with Soyuz 19. Last Saturn IB flight. SA-211Unused. First stage at the Alabama Welcome Center on I-65 in Ardmore, Alabama. S-IVB stage rests with Skylab underwater training simulator hardware and is on display outdoors at the U. S. Space and Rocket Center in Huntsville, Alabama. SA-212Unused. First stage scrapped. [5] S-IVB stage converted to Skylab space station. SA-213 Only first stage built. Unused and scrapped. [5]SA-214 Only first stage built. Unused and scrapped. [5]For earlier launches of vehicles in the Saturn I series, see the list in the Saturn I article. Saturn IB rockets on display [ edit]SA-209 on display at KSCCurrently there are three locations where Saturn IB vehicles (or parts thereof) are on display: SA-209 is on display at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex, with the Apollo Facilities Verification Vehicle. Due to severe corrosion, the first stage engines and Service Module were replaced with fabricated duplicates in 1993–1994. The SA-211 first stage is on display with the S-IVB -S "Battleship" static test stage stacked in a launch-ready condition at the Alabama Welcome Center on Interstate 65 in Ardmore, Alabama. 34.954548°N 86.89193°W [8] [9]The SA-211 S-IVB stage was mated with the Skylab underwater training docking adapter and Apollo Telescope Mount and is on display in the Rocket Garden of the U. S. Space & Rocket Center in Huntsville, Alabama. Cost [ edit]Apollo 7 heads into orbit with its crew of three, 1968In 1972, the cost of a Saturn IB including launch was US$55,000,000 (equivalent to $322,000,000 in 2017). [10]See also [ edit]Comparison of orbital launchers families Comparison of orbital launch systems References [ edit]^ a b c Postlaunch report for mission AS-201 (Apollo spacecraft 009) - (PDF), NASA, May 1966, retrieved March 18, 2011^ a b c d Wade, Mark. "Saturn IB". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on May 14, 2011. Retrieved March 17, 2011.^ Hornung, John (2013). Entering the Race to the Moon: Autobiography of an Apollo Rocket Scientist. Williamsburg, Virginia: Jack Be Nimble Publishing.^ Benson, Charles D.; Faherty, William Barnaby (1978). "The Apollo-Saturn IB Space Vehicle". Moonport: A History of Apollo Launch Facilities and Operations. NASA. Retrieved 3 February 2016.^ a b c d "Saturn IB History". Retrieved 2009-11-01.^ NASA Marshall Spaceflight Center, Skylab Saturn IB Flight Manual (MSFC-MAN-206), 30 September 1972^ a b c Reynolds, David West (2006). Kennedy Space Center: Gateway to Space. Richmond Hill, Ontario: Firefly Books Ltd. pp. 154–157. ISBN 978-1-55407-039-8.^ Dooling, Dave (May 6, 1979). "Space and Rocket Plans Summer Celebration". The Huntsville Times.^ Hughes, Bayne (April 6, 2014). "Iconic rocket due for repair". The Decatur Daily. Retrieved April 8, 2014.^ "SP-4221 The Space Shuttle Decision- Chapter 6: Economics and the Shuttle". NASA. Retrieved 2011-01-15. External links [ edit]http://www.apollosaturn.com/http://www.spaceline.org/rocketsum/saturn-Ib.html NASA Marshall Spaceflight Center, "Skylab Saturn IB Flight Manual" (PDF). (19.8 MB), 30 September 1972"Saturn launch vehicles" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2005-04-16. (61.2 MB) [ show]v t e Orbital launch systems [ show]v t e Orbital launch systems developed in the United States [ show]v t e Saturn launch vehicle family Categories:1966 in spaceflight 1968 in spaceflight 1973 in spaceflight 1975 in spaceflight Apollo program Saturn (rocket family) Vehicles introduced in 1966

D1141980

https://www.verywell.com/strength-training-over-age-50-3119344

Your Guide to Strength Training After Age 50

Strength Techniques and Strategies Your Guide to Strength Training After Age 50Can weight lifting keep you young and healthy? By Elizabeth Quinn Updated February 14, 2018Share Pin Email Print Barry Austin/Digital Vision/Getty Images Weight lifting may be the latest fountain of youth for aging athletes. The benefits of strength workouts are many, but getting started after age 50 presents a few challenges. Here are tips and tricks for getting the most out of weight training after age 50. The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) now has fitness guidelines specific to weight training for people over 50. The advice: perform such exercises 2 to 3 times a week to condition all of the major muscle groups — arms, legs, shoulders, and trunk. The goal is to lift a weight that's heavy enough to achieve 10 to 15 repetitions per session before the muscles become fatigued. Why Lift Weights? Most older individuals are well aware that they need regular aerobic exercise, such as walking, swimming, or running, to strengthen their heart and lungs and tone their bodies, but many dismiss weight training (also called resistance training) as an activity predominantly for the young or the vain. However, it is the only type of exercise that can substantially slow, and even reverse, the declines in muscle mass, bone density, and strength that were once considered inevitable consequences of aging. Unlike aerobic, or endurance, activities, which improve cardiovascular fitness and require moving large muscle groups hundreds of times against gravity, weights provide so much resistance that muscles gain strength from only a few movements. Resistance is usually provided by free weights or machines, but individuals can also get stronger by exercising in water. Pain vs. Discomfort You shouldn't experience pain while lifting weights, but it's normal to feel some soreness the next day. Experts believe that as muscles are challenged by the resistance of a weight, some of their tissue breaks down; as the muscles heal, they gradually increase in strength and size. Although muscles should be worked until they are fatigued, common sense will dictate when it's time to stop. If you feel joint or nerve pain, or are putting a tremendous amount of strain on any part of the body, you're probably going overboard and can harm yourself. Because strains, sprains, and tissue damage can take weeks or even months to heal, preventing injury should be a priority. Although many older people who are inactive but want to get moving may think that a pair of walking shoes is a wiser investment than a set of weights, the opposite may actually be true, say fitness experts. People who have been sedentary for long periods are at high risk for falls because their muscle tone is weak, flexibility is often limited, and balance may be precarious. To reduce the risk of falls and injury, people over 60 who haven't recently been active should begin by strengthening their legs, arms, and trunk muscles with 3-4 weeks of weight training 2-3 times a week before walking long distances or engaging in other aerobic exercise. How Often Should You Lift Weights? Because aerobic activity and strength training are each important for health, the ACSM recommends that able adults do both on a regular basis; 20 to 60 minutes of aerobic activity is advised 3 to 5 days a week and weight training should be done for 20 to 30 minutes 2 to 3 times a week. The guidelines also suggest that people perform stretching exercises — which increase the range of motion, or amount of movement, of joints — a minimum of 2 to 3 times a week. Can Lifting Weights Reverse Aging? In general, as people grow older, their muscle fibers shrink in number and in size (atrophy) and become less sensitive to messages from the central nervous system. This contributes to a decrease in strength, balance, and coordination. Although there is no question that people experience at least some of these declines at about age 40, the extent to which they occur depends on a number of factors, including genetics, diet, smoking and alcohol use, and — most important — physical activity level. Indeed, recent research has indicated that inactivity is responsible for the majority of age associated muscle loss. Fortunately, resistance exercise can reverse much of this decline by increasing the size of shrunken muscle fibers. It is also well known that weight training can increase bone mass, which lowers the risk of developing osteoporosis and fractures. Strength training adds more weight to the skeleton by building muscle; this stimulates the bones to strengthen and grow to bear the heavier load on the muscles. Once achieved, much of the gain can be maintained through weight-bearing endurance activities such as brisk walking, stair climbing, and aerobics. Resistance exercise can also help older people live independently by giving them the strength they need to perform everyday tasks. There is even evidence that resistance exercise can help people sleep better and can improve the mood of mildly to moderately depressed individuals. And because proper strength training doesn't apply stress directly to joints, it is ideal for people with arthritis; indeed, rheumatologists often recommend it. Although it cannot reverse arthritic changes, lifting weights helps alleviate symptoms by strengthening the muscles, tendons, and ligaments that surround joints.

D3525652

https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-chloride-and-chlorine

What is the difference between chloride and chlorine?

Chlorine Inorganic Chemistry Chemistry What is the difference between chloride and chlorine?10 Answers Tristan Brown, Ph D student in Inorganic Chemistry at UW-Madison Answered Oct 25, 2015"Chlorine" can refer to either a chlorine atom or elemental chlorine, Cl2. A chlorine atom has 7 valence electrons, and needs one more to complete its octet and become stable. In Cl2, this is achieved by two Chlorine atoms each sharing one of their valence electrons with each other, forming a single bond. "Chloride" is the anion of chlorine, in which the atom's octet has been completed by taking an electron from another atom. Chloride salts are more stable than chlorine, making elemental chlorine a highly oxidizing, toxic gas, that will steal electrons from a wide variety of other elements and compounds to form chloride salts or compounds.39.9k Views · View Upvoters Your response is private. Is this answer still relevant and up to date? Related Questions More Answers Below What is the difference between oxygen and chlorine? What are some of the different uses of chlorine? What are the differences between Baquacil and chlorine? What is the difference between chloride anion and chlorine free radical? How does chlorine differ from bleach? Ask New Question Parag Desai, IIT Aspirant Answered Sep 2, 2016 · Author has 52 answers and 139.8k answer views Chlorine is a naturally occurring element with a symbol Cl and atomic number 17. Whereas, Chloride is an ion of chlorine. Basically, when atoms gain or lose electrons, they become ions. Chlorine atoms gain one electron to become a chloride ion (Cl−). An ion cannot remain in a free state, and has to combine with another element or elements to form a compound.chlorine is rarely found by itself and is usually a result of direct or indirect oxidation by oxygen. it is a strong oxidizing agent as it has highest electron affinity and the third highest electronegativity of all the elements. Even the chorine in the crust occurs as chloride in various ionic compounds, including table salt, i.e. sodium chloride (Na Cl). These salts are often collectively called chlorides. The most commonly used chloride for this purpose is sodium chloride.8.5k Views · View Upvoterspromoted by UC Berkeley Extension Organic chemistry course at UC Berkeley Extension. Prepare for grad school & health careers with courses from UC Berkeley Extension. Learn More at extension.berkeley.edu Yan Kee, studied Chemistry Answered Aug 27, 2016 · Author has 316 answers and 880k answer views Chloride is the ions of chlorine, that means chloride has 1 electron more than chlorine. Chlorine as 7 electron at its outermost shell and it needs 1 more electron to fulfill the octet rule so it bonds with other elements like sodium to fulfill the octet rule so when sodium is bonded with chlorine we don’t call the compound sodium chlorine but we call it sodium chloride. Hopes this helps:)7.5k Views · View Upvoters Stephen Scholnik, no formal training other than college courses (majored in math) BUT I read college level chemistry books in... Updated Sep 18, 2015 · Author has 605 answers and 465.3k answer views Chlorine is an obnoxious, penetrating, yellow green gas that combines with almost anything. (And was one of the first chemical weapons, used in WWI.) Chloride is a salty tasting anion commonly found in salty water. Amazing what a difference one electron makes! (Actually, as per the comment it is unlikely that the chloride ion itself is responsible for the salty taste of salt, but my point was that it is relatively harmless compared to elemental chlorine. )11.6k Views · View Upvoters Quora User, BE Information Technology, Pune Institute of Computer Technology (2021)Answered Jun 2, 2017Chlorine has electronic configuration of [Ne] 3s2 3p5. Chlorine exists as a diatomic molecule (Cl2) in gaseous state. Chloride is however a negatively charged anion. Ion and molecule are not the same. Chloride (Cl-) is formed by Chlorine atom gaining 1 electron to attain stable electronic configuration. Chloride ion is generally present in common salt (Na Cl).1.6k Views · View Upvoterspromoted by Swedish Medical Center Weight loss surgery experts in your backyard. Our world-class team of physicians will help change your life. Extraordinary care, extraordinary caring. Learn More at swedish.org Suryansu Dash, studied at BLESSED SACRAMENT HIGH SCHOOL, PURI, ORISSAAnswered Jun 4, 2017Originally Answered: What is the difference between chlorine and chloride? Chlorine is a naturally occuring element. It has atomic number 17 and mass number 35.5 (approx). Now when the chlorine atom gains an electron ( to attain octet configuration), the atom gets negatively charged (since the number of electrons becomes 18 which is more than the number of protons which =17). The charged atom of chlorine is an anion (negatively charged) and is called chloride. Basically charged chlorine atom having a -1 charge is chloride.2.1k Views · View Upvoters Nathan Hardham Answered Jun 2, 2017Originally Answered: What is the difference between chlorine and chloride? Chlorine (Cl) is in the elemental form while a chloride (Cl-) is an ion often contained within a larger molecule such as perchlorate (Cl O4-). Chlorine is never grouped with another element, and in chemical reactions it is represented as the diatomic Cl2.1.6k Views Ruslan Skerova, MA Geopolitics (2017)Answered Jan 29, 2018 · Author has 115 answers and 18.4k answer views Originally Answered: What's the difference between chlorine and chloride? Chlorine usually refers to diatomic chlorine gas. Chloride refers to it's ionic state, Cl-.265 Views Richard Routhier, Chemist Answered Jun 2, 2017 · Upvoted by Frank Duncan, BS Chemistry, 1967 · Author has 1.3k answers and 1m answer views Originally Answered: What is the difference between chlorine and chloride? Chloride is the salt Cl- while chlorine is a molecule composed of 2 atoms Cl2.1.3k Views · View Upvoters Almas Shaikh, currently doing master in chemistry Answered Apr 22, 2016 · Author has 91 answers and 62.4k answer views Chlorine is an element while chloride is an anion i.e.a chlorine atom with one extra electron.2.6k Views · View Upvoters Related Questions How do bromine and chlorine differ? What is the difference between sodium and chloride? What are the differences between fluorine and chloride? What are chlorinated and non-chlorinated isocyanurates? How do they differ? Why is chlorine called as chloride? What are some of the different characteristics of chlorine? What are the different applications of zinc chloride? How can chlorine chemically bond in different ways? What is calcium chloride? How is chlorine produced? Ask New Question Related Questions What is the difference between oxygen and chlorine? What are some of the different uses of chlorine? What are the differences between Baquacil and chlorine? What is the difference between chloride anion and chlorine free radical? How does chlorine differ from bleach? How do bromine and chlorine differ? What is the difference between sodium and chloride? What are the differences between fluorine and chloride? What are chlorinated and non-chlorinated isocyanurates? How do they differ? Why is chlorine called as chloride? Ask New Question

D2978

https://medical.logicnets.com/

CLINICAL DECISION SUPPORT PLATFORM

CLINICAL DECISION SUPPORT PLATFORMLOGICNETS is a secure browser-based decision support platform that allows healthcare organizations to easily standardize and share their clinical best practices and protocols with staff, patients, and partners on demand, anywhere, and on any device. Experts in any clinical or administrative process can work in LOGICNETS to visually model their decision-making processes, link decision steps to a wide range of existing information, and then let the LOGICNETS platform generate an interactive browser-based application to guide non-expert users through the proscribed process. LOGICNETS applications support existing workflow and can seamlessly and securely integrate with other clinical applications so that critical protocols can be accessed and enforced dynamically from the EMR and other software environments. PAMA & AUC SOLUTIONSWill you be ready for the Protecting Access to Medicare Act (PAMA) on January 1, 2018? Logic Nets has developed a solution for Institutions, Ordering Professionals, Provider Led Entities and HIT Vendors to meet Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) requirements and ensure optimal patient care. [Learn More]CAPTURE YOURKNOWLEDGE1 2 3OUR PLATFORM ENVIRONMENTLOGICNETS provides an interactive design environment that lets users easily diagram clinical processes, guidelines, and algorithms as if they were sketching on a whiteboard. The system then converts this content to browser-based applications accessible to clinicians, staff, and patients across the network. No programming knowledge is required to create remarkably sophisticated applications for supporting clinical decisions. The LOGICNETS Designer makes it easy to display any visual concept, collect information, add data from external sources, construct rules, route to endpoints, and much more. LOGICNETS is an intuitive and effective knowledge collaboration platform for capturing, automating, and enforcing your critical clinical processes. [Request a Free Trial]FRAMEWORKSINTELLIGENT DIAGNOSTICSLOGICNETS lets healthcare organizations create highly structured automated protocols to guide users precisely through even the most complex decision trees to the appropriate diagnostic and treatment outcomes. The system intelligently sequences questions and displays contextually related knowledge articles to help users provide the correct input and ensure the correct outcome. The approach is ideal for enabling non-expert users to contribute productively to the organization’s critical processes (ex. synoptic reporting). [Request a Free Trial]Personalized medicine is entirely changing the way outcomes-based research will have to be applied to be meaningful. LOGICNETS allows our protocol library to be modular and for us to rapidly adapt and release new Protocols that address the implications of DNA testing, mutation analysis, and personalized treatment. Paul Seegers Advisor and Administrator of National Pathology Protocols, PALGAl DYNAMIC PROTOCOLSLOGICNETS enables unmatched flexibility for collecting the critical clinical observations that lead to accurate and standardized protocols for assessments and reports. The system dynamically constructs and re-optimizes input forms in reaction to each observation. It simultaneously generates accurate clinical reports, conclusions and diagnoses that are easily formatted to meet the organization’s needs and can be securely distributed to users or transferred to the EHR or other clinical systems at the push of a button. [Request a Free Trial]It took my colleagues and me a whole year to write our diabetes preoperative algorithm and less than 10 days to get it up and running on LOGICNETS. To our surprise, at first we found no solution, no companies – only programmers that would need months to make it happen. We then came across LOGICNETS and it was the perfect match. Robert J. Rushakoff Medical Director for Inpatient Diabetes, University of California San Francisco VISUAL GUIDELINESLOGICNETS lets clinicians visually navigate, interact, and comply with their organization’s critical decision-making guidelines. Working from any device, clinicians can use their own workflow to gather data and visually check it against system-recommended pathways. The system continuously responds to user inputs to graphically highlight available pathways and ensure collection of mandatory data points. As a result, users benefit from interactive guidance and validation, but maintain high-level visibility and control. [Request a Free Trial]LOGICNETS provided a platform that our members could work with to capture the new layers of complexity and which could deliver it online in a user-friendly format, guiding users and heuristically learning from their experiences to constantly improve the effectiveness of the protocols. Dr. Douglas A. Drossman President, Rome Foundation SELECT CLIENTSTo read case studies on some of our clients, please visit our Documents Page Logic Nets was selected by Up To Date as an interactive design platform for packaging and delivering Advanced Clinical Decision Support to the healthcare provider market. From the initial board presentation through to our nationwide rollout, our pathologists were very impressed by the capabilities of Logic Nets. Logic Nets provided a platform that our members could work with to capture the new layers of complexity and which could deliver it online in a user-friendly format. It took us a year to write our diabetes preoperative algorithm and less than ten days to get it up and running on Logic Nets. OUR PROCESSABOUT USLOGICNETS develops and delivers the premiere platform for clinical decision support. Our software allows healthcare organizations to capture their own decision-making expertise in an intuitive and interactive design environment and deliver it dynamically to users on any browser-based device. We are unwavering in our commitment to the ideal thatsmarter decisions result in better care. With over 10 years implementing strategic solutions for customers ranging from startups to Fortune 500 corporations, we have seen the benefits that using LOGICNETS provides for quality of care, improved outcomes, and operational efficiency. We love what we do because we have seen the real – world impact of our platform in action and we are excited to be part of our customers’ effort s to improve patient care. [Visit our parent site]MANAGEMENT TEAMJelle Ferwerda CEO & Founder Patrick Dowling Global Sales & Marketing Steve Mullins Finance Paul Swarts Research & Development Leslie Meador Professional Services Raymond Beijen European Sales CONTACT USLOGICNETS HEADQUARTERS5335 Wisconsin Avenue, NWSuite 440Washington, DC 20015-2079Email: info@logicnets.com Phone: 202.715.3725Fax: 866.335.9960EUROPE OFFICE5613 AM Eindhoven Netherlands Phone: +31 (0)88 9082000FREE TRIALA 14-day free trial of our Clinical Decision Support framework can help you gauge just how easy it is to design your decision-making processes in Logic Nets. Tell us about your application needs and use case, we can also demonstrate real-life Logic Nets applications via a shared desktop so that you can see the full potential that has been realized by a variety of Logic Nets users. Call us at 202.715.3725 or fill out the form and we’ll contact you. First name: *Last name: *Company: *Country: *Email: *Phone: *Your Business Area: *Details of Your Planned Use of the Logic Nets Platform: *Type the text shown: *

D347981

http://np.news-press.com/help/delivery-issue

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On the account screen, on the right side link box, click on the Report print delivery issue link

D1267042

https://www.zwick.com/metals/flat-products/heavy-plate

Testing of Heavy Plates

Testing of Heavy Plates They are used primarily in the construction industry, for large bridges, in large-scale construction and shipbuilding, for offshore drilling platforms and in wind turbines, and for heavy equipment such as cranes and excavators. Furthermore, they are used as semi-finished products for large pipes that transport oil and gas over long distances. Quick links: Tensile tests Hardness testing Charpy impact test Drop weight tests Fracture toughness testing Robotic testing systems Downloads Industry brochure: Metals News21.03.2018Specimen grips with two-stage clamping for safe, reliable dynamic testing of wire strands24.07.2017Investigating material behavior in high-pressure hydrogen atmosphere Contact us In many applications, compliance with characteristic values or specification limits for safety in long-term use is required. The relevant and required characteristic values are determined depending on how the heavy plate is used. The test methods used for this segment are methods often used in heavy plate testing. In special applications or uses, other test methods not mentioned here can be used to ensure safe and long-term use and operation. Heavy plates are steel sheets with a width of up to four meters and a thickness of at least three millimeters up to approx. 250 mm and a length of up to twenty meters. They are manufactured by the reverse thermomechanical rolling of slabs. Tensile Tests Tensile tests on heavy plates are mainly performed according to ISO 6892-1 and ASTM E8, which are internationally recognized and widespread standards. ISO 6892-1 is also a European standard (EN ISO 6892-1) that is identically worded, and thus applicable in the European Union (DIN EN ISO 6892-1 in Germany). Tensile specimens for this type of tensile test are removed from heavy plate in such a way that the sheet thickness is retained as specimen thickness to the greatest degree possible. Specimens have a correspondingly large cross-section and usually require materials testing machines with a high load range or heavy load range. The parallel length or the part of the specimen deformed under load is produced by milling. The unprocessed thickness and the careful milling and smoothing of the specimen thickness ensure that the specimen is changed only slightly and therefore material characteristics are hardly influenced. Wide range of testing solutions Zwick offers a wide range of standard and customized testing systems up to 2500 k N. These testing systems can determine material characteristics according to the standard with a high level of accuracy. Zwick's parallel closing, hydraulic specimen grips ensure that perfect clamping and positioning of specimens are maintained throughout the entire test, preventing the specimen from slipping or sliding. Standard-compliant strain measurement. In most cases, standard-compliant strain measurement is performed by automatic contact or optical (non-contact) extensometers. Zwick's makro Xtens is the classic and tested solution for the testing of heavy plates. Thanks to its mechanical construction featuring high resolution, and a very high level of accuracy and robustness, makro Xtens withstands harsh environments. It's robust mechanical construction enables continuous strain measurement up to specimen break. Automated determination of strain at break is possible without onerous markings and manual measuring after specimen remains are sorted. Strain measurement up to breaklaser Xtens is an innovative solution for strain measurement up to specimen break, fulfilling standard requirements (ISO 6892-1, ASTM E8, ISO 9513, and ASTM E83) for heavy plate specimens with flying colors. laser Xtens does not require specimen markings; using a laser light, it uses the pattern it creates itself as markings on the surface. The optical evaluation of this "self-marking" is done so that even cinders and the occasional spalling of cinder does not disturb the markings. Since 2009, ISO 6892-1 and ASTM E8 allow the test speed to be automatically controlled and regulated by the strain rate. The tolerances called for in the standards for strain rate control (in particular those relevant to closed-loop strain rate control) can be easily met by both the makro Xtens and laser Xtens extensometers. Contact strain measurement with makro Xtens Specimen grips for tensile tests up to 2,500 k N Optical strain measurement with laser Xtens Hardness Testing Hardness tests on heavy plates are performed in a variety of ways. Depending on the application, hardness tests are performed to ISO 6506-1, (Brinell), ISO 6507-1 (Vickers), ISO 6508-1 (Rockwell), ASTM E10 (Brinell), ASTM E384 (Vickers and Knoop), and ASTM E18 (Rockwell). Other methods or regulations are also used in certain application areas (for example, the European standard EN 2002-7 for applications in aerospace); for the testing of large surfaces and non-destructive testing, QEM methods are used (for example, the 3MA method), which is described in the VDI Guideline VDI/VDE 2616-1 (Hardness Testing of Metallic Materials). Testing and determining the average global hardness value One aspect of hardness testing is the testing and determination of the average global hardness value of sheet after rolling. Rolling is a thermo-mechanical process used to determine sheet thickness, as well as mechanical properties. Hardness methods that employ higher forces are used to determine the average values of these sometimes coarse structures. Preferable methods are Brinell or Rockwell. In the testing of heavy plates, portable hardness testers are also often used. They can be used on site on the original part. Coupons are taken from heavy plates when stationary hardness testers are used. They are used as the specimens themselves, or smaller specimens are taken from the coupons and prepared for a hardness test. Determining the grain structure of metallographic constituents with hardness tests Another aspect of hardness testing is the determination of the grain structure by performing hardness tests on metallographic constituents. Due to the small size of metallographic constituents, hardness testers with small to very small forces are used—generally speaking, stationary microhardness testers with indention sizes and depths that can be adjusted via the indention force to the dimensions of the metallographic constituents. The Zwick product portfolio offers hardness testers and devices for all test methods. Zwick hardness testers and devices meet the requirements of all common international standards and can also be calibrated to international standards. As a calibration lab, Zwick is accredited for the calibration of hardness testers by the German national accreditation body, DAkk S. Charpy Impact Test Notched impact strength is an important characteristic for applications in pipeline construction and shipbuilding and can be determined with Charpy specimens in pendulum impact testers. The test method is described and defined in the international standard ISO 148-1 and in ASTM E23. The ISO standard is identical to the European standard EN ISO 148-1. In a Charpy impact test, the standardized notched specimens are inserted by hand, by means of simple feed devices, or using robotic systems and impacted at up to 750 J. The tests are performed at ambient temperature, but also at low temperatures to determine the high to low transition temperature. Zwick supplies temperature conditioning baths for correct conditioning of specimens down to –70°C and temperature conditioning devices for down to -180°C. Under the Machinery Directive, pendulum impact tester operation is subject to strict safety requirements, which are comfortably met by Zwick’s safety housing and sophisticated safety technology. Drop Weight Tests The drop weight test as described by W. S. Pellini is used to investigate the brittle fracture tendency of steels for comparative evaluation of crack arrest behavior to the American standard ASTM E208 and steel and iron test sheet SEP 1325. During the test, weights fall onto a rectangular flexure specimen supported at both ends, causing a brittle fracture on the tensile side of the specimen within a prescribed total deflection. This brittle fracture is initiated by a notched welding bead laid on this side and known as the crack starter. It is then determined whether the brittle fracture caused by the artificial crack-starter spreads as far as one of the two side faces of the specimen or is arrested beforehand. Crack formation or break are evaluated optically and manually. If the fracture extends to one of the two side faces, the specimen is considered broken. Tests also depend on the specimen temperature. Pellini drop weight testers are available with energies of 550J and 1650J. The maximum drop height is 1.0 m or 1.3 m. The drop weight is raised automatically with stepless drop height adjustment. In accordance with standards (ASTM E208 and SEP 1325), the prescribed drop energies are achieved by the simple use of weights. Drop energy is calculated automatically. The test area is electrically and mechanically protected via a safety circuit. The test is not performed until all safety contacts have been tripped and executed. Operation is via a touch screen, on which drop height, drop energy, drop weight, and impact velocity are shown. Pellini drop weight tester Specimen after the test Positioning the specimen Fracture Toughness Testing Fracture toughness testing KIc is an important characteristic for metal materials in safety-related applications such as aircraft construction, power plant construction, and even automotive engineering. Fracture toughness is determined using a specimen in which an artificial crack has been introduced. The crack is introduced usually through notching of the specimen followed by pre-cracking until a defined crack length is achieved. The specimen is then loaded quasi-statically to break. Fracture toughness can be determined from the load-deformation curve and the length of the crack. Details of the test procedure are contained in the relevant standard (ASTM E 399). Other relevant standards are ASTM E813, E1152 and E1290. Two-stage test for KIc determination The two-stage test for KIc determination can be performed efficiently on Zwick Vibrophores and then on Zwick materials testing machines. Crack formation in the specimen is instigated by the mechanically produced notch followed by cyclic loading. The Vibrophore's high frequency allows rapid generation of a defined crack (pre-cracking). The process is highly reproducible thanks to the high sensitivity of the resonant frequency to crack formation. Compact specimen (CT specimen)The specimen geometry most frequently used is the specimen referred to as a CT (compact tension) specimen. The load is applied through pins inserted into holes in the specimen, yielding a mixed tensile and flexure loading. SENB specimens In addition to CT specimens, single-edge notched bending (SENB) specimens are used. While the testing method is simpler for the flexure specimen than the CT specimen, the required specimen volume is significantly greater. This is shown clearly in the illustrations. SENB specimen CT specimen SENB specimen after the test Robotic Testing Systems Safe, precise, reliable handling of heavy specimens places severe demands on operators of tensile tests. Zwick's automated robotic testing system solutions help to satisfy these requirements, by relieving the load on the operator, minimizing operator influence, and increasing operational safety and reliability. Under Zwick’s automation concept, specimens awaiting testing are manually sorted into magazines. From this point (storing the specimen). the tensile test is performed automatically, right up to sorting the specimen remains for inspection if required. Depending on requirements, additional measuring devices and test devices can be integrated into this fully automated sequence in addition to the tensile testing machine, particularly Zwick’s cross-section measuring device with four independent, automatically applied measuring transducers for precise and standard-compliant determination of cross-sectional area. Further Tests (5)Compression test Fatigue test Flexure test Tensile test at elevated temperature Creep test Relevant Products (6)Electro-mechanical testing machine: 330 k N to 2500 k NThese electro-mechanical testing machines cover a large measurement range and are ideal for test loads up to 2500 k N. HA series servo-hydraulic testing machine Servo-hydraulic testing machines in the HA range are suitable for fatigue tests and S-N tests from 50 to 500 k N. Vibrophores 25 to 1000 k NThe Vibrophores can be used in a variety of ways. Five different models are available with test loads ranging from 25 to 1000 k N.robo Test PThe robo Test P robotic testing system performs fully automated tensile tests on specimens up to 10 kg Pendulum impact testers for tests on metals The choice for impact tensile and impact bending tests on metals to all established standards. Drop weight tester for Pellini tests W. S. drop weight test Pellini is used to investigate the brittle fracture tendency of steels to ASTM E208 and SEP 1325

D1289515

http://www.webmd.com/prostate-cancer/guide/prostate-cancer-diagnosis-tests

Diagnosis & Tests

Diagnosis & Tests Several tests are used to diagnose prostate cancer. Learn more about these tests, how they work and what to expect. Detecting the Cancer Two initial tests are commonly used to look for prostate cancer – a digital rectal exam and the blood test used to detect prostate-specific antigen (PSA). But the diagnosis can only be confirmed by a biopsy. Digital Rectal Exam Doctors use the digital rectal exam (DRE) as a relatively simple test to check the prostate. Prostate-Specific Antigen Blood Test PSA is a substance produced by the prostate gland. Elevated PSA levels may indicate prostate cancer, a noncancerous condition such as prostatitis, or an enlarged prostate. Prostate Ultrasound and Biopsy Prostate ultrasound involves a small probe that is inserted a short distance into the rectum. This probe produces high-frequency sound waves that bounce off the surface of the prostate and are used to create video or photographic images of the gland. Cystoscopy or Bladder Scope Test Cystoscopy, also called a cystourethroscopy or bladder scope, is a test to measure the health of the urethra and bladder. CAT Scans A CAT scan uses X-rays and computers to produce an image of a cross-section of the body. This image allows your doctor to check for swollen or enlarged lymph nodes, which might mean that cancer has spread. Facts About MRIs An MRI is a test that produces very clear pictures of the human body without the use of X-rays. Instead, MRI uses a large magnet, radio waves, and a computer to produce these images. Coping with Cancer Diagnosis Facing a cancer diagnosis can be overwhelming. Here are tips to help you manage.

D2745588

http://www.cooksinfo.com/eye-of-round-roast

Eye of Round Roast

Browse > Home > Encyclopedia > Meat > Beef > Beef Round > Round Roasts Eye of Round Roast Eye of Round Roast. Whole, 3.5kg (7 1/2 pounds) with side fat still on © Denzil Green An Eye of Round Roast is a boneless beef roast. A whole one can weigh up to 8 pounds (3 1/2 kg), though butchers will often cut that in half for sale. It is a lean cut of beef, with almost no marbling; any side fat is often trimmed away. In fact, it's such a "pure, beefy" looking cut, that at times it can look a lot like the extremely tender Tenderloin roast cut from the middle of a cow. In fact, though, an Eye of Round Roast is cut from the primal Round region at the hindmost end of a cow (see main entry for "Beef Round.") The top and bottom (outside and inside) and heel (portion of the hip) Round areas have been trimmed away. Knowing that it is cut from the Round region is of importance, because that twigs you into the fact that this roast is one of toughest cuts of beef that it's possible to extract from a cow. It needs to be cooked with proper techniques for it to tenderize it. One is as a pot roast, with low and slow moist cooking. The other is as an oven roast, but with a special three-step procedure (if you try to oven roast this cut directly as is, you will end up with shoe leather.) Nevertheless, most people will concede that once the toughness issue has been dealt with, the flavour of an Eye of Round Roast is excellent -- and far better than that from a Tenderloin. Cooking Tips How to cook an Eye of Round Roast as a dry-heat oven roast This is our recommended method of cooking this cut, hands down. See here: Roasted Eye of Round Roast Recipe. Eye of Round Roast as a pot roast. Treat as a pot roast, and cook with long, slow, moist cooking to tenderize it. A slow cooker is ideal for this -- 8 hours on low. Don't try to rush it with the high setting -- you can't fool mother nature here. Brown the sides first in a skillet with some hot oil to develop flavour -- about a minute per side. Make lots of gravy as the meat will be dry. Eye of Round Roast in the pressure cooker If the roast you are working with weighs over 4 1/2 pounds (2 kg), cut it in half crosswise before beginning and just cook half in your standard-sized pressure cooker. Brown the sides first in a skillet with some hot oil to develop flavour -- about a minute per side. Rub roast with a clove of garlic (optional), and season sides with salt and pepper. Put the roast in the pressure cooker. If you rubbed with garlic, toss the garlic clove in (along with up to 3 additional cloves, if desired.) Add a sliced onion, and four cups (1 litre) of beef broth or stock (vegetable stock or even just water flavoured with some Worcestershire Sauce will do in a pinch.) Secure the lid on the pressure cooker, put on stove and turn on the burner; bring to 10 psi (pounds per square inch.) Let cook 12 minutes per pound (450g). Then remove from heat, but do not release pressure. Wait until the pressure has dissipated naturally and it is safe to open. Beef Eye of Round © Denzil Green See also: Beef Round; Eye of Round Steak; Pot Roasts Round Roasts Eye of Round Roast; Heel of Round Pot Roast; Roasted Eye of Round Recipe; Round Roasts Print Page Please share this information with your friends. They may love it. Also called: Eye of Round Pot Roast; Noix de ronde, Rond de gite, Rosbif de noix de ronde (French); Seemerrolle (German); Magatello (Italian); Redondo (Spanish); Ganso redondo (Portuguese)Citation Oulton, Randal. "Eye of Round Roast." Cooks Info.com. Published 14 February 2004; revised 08 November 2012. Web. Accessed 04/12/2018. < http://www.cooksinfo.com/eye-of-round-roast >. © Copyright 2018. All rights reserved and enforced. You are welcome to cite Cooks Info.com as a reference, but no direct copying and republishing is allowed.

D3515008

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left_atrial_appendage

Atrium (heart)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Left atrial appendage)navigation search For other uses, see Atrium (disambiguation). Atrium [Picture] Front view of heart showing the atria Details Part of Heart System Circulatory system Identifiers Latin Atrium Me SH D006325TA A12.1.00.017FMA 7099Anatomical terminology [ edit on Wikidata]The atrium is the upper chamber in which blood enters the heart. There are two atria in the human heart, which receive blood - the left atrium from the lungs, and the right atrium from the venous circulation. The atria receive blood, and when the heart muscle contracts, pump blood to the ventricles. All animals with a closed circulatory system include at least one atrium / auricle (humans have two atria). The atrium used to be called the "auricle", and that term is still used to describe this chamber in, for example, the Mollusca, but in humans that name is now used for an appendage of the atrium. [1]Contents [ hide ]1 Structure1.1 Nodes1.2 Blood supply1.3 Development2 Function3 Clinical significance4 Other animals5 See also6 References Structure [ edit]Right heart anatomyleft atrial appendage shown at upper right Humans have a four-chambered heart consisting of the right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle. The atria are the two upper chambers. The right atrium receives and holds deoxygenated blood from the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, anterior cardiac veins and smallest cardiac veins and the coronary sinus, which it then sends down to the right ventricle (through the tricuspid valve) which in turn sends it to the pulmonary artery for pulmonary circulation. The left atrium receives the oxygenated blood from the left and right pulmonary veins, which it pumps to the left ventricle (through the mitral valve) for pumping out through the aorta for systemic circulation. [2] [3]The right atrium and right ventricle are often referred to as the right heart and similarly the left atrium and left ventricle are often referred to as the left heart. The atria do not have valves at their inlets [4] and as a result, a venous pulsation is normal and can be detected in the jugular vein as the jugular venous pressure. [5] [6] Internally, there are the rough pectinate muscles and crista terminalis of His, which act as a boundary inside the atrium and the smooth walled part of the right atrium, the sinus venarum derived from the sinus venosus. The sinus venarum is the adult remnant of the sinus venous and it surrounds the openings of the venae cavae and the coronary sinus. [7] Attached to the right atrium is the right atrial appendage – a pouch-like extension of the pectinate muscles. The interatrial septum separates the right atrium from the left atrium and this is marked by a depression in the right atrium –the fossa ovalis. The atria are depolarised by calcium. High in the upper part of the left atrium is a muscular ear-shaped pouch – the left atrial appendage. This appears to "function as a decompression chamber during left ventricular systole and during other periods when left atrial pressure is high". [8]Nodes [ edit]The sinoatrial (SA) node is located in posterior aspect of the right atrium, next to the superior vena cava. This is a group of pacemaker cells which spontaneously depolarize to create an action potential. The cardiac action potential then spreads across both atria causing them to contract, forcing the blood they hold into their corresponding ventricles. The atrioventricular node (AV node) is another node in the cardiac electrical conduction system. This is located between the atria and the ventricles. Blood supply [ edit]The left atrium is supplied mainly by the left circumflex coronary artery, and its small branches. [9]The oblique vein of the left atrium is partly responsible for venous drainage; it derives from the embryonic left superior vena cava. Development [ edit]During embryogenesis at about two weeks, a primitive atrium begins to be formed. It begins as one chamber which over the following two weeks becomes divided by the septum primum into the left atrium and the right atrium. The interatrial septum has an opening in the right atrium, the foramen ovale which provides access to the left atrium; this connects the two chambers, which is essential for fetal blood circulation. At birth, when the first breath is taken fetal blood flow is reversed to travel through the lungs. The foramen ovale is no longer needed and it closes to leave a depression (the fossa ovalis) in the atrial wall. In some cases, the foramen ovale fails to close. This abnormality is present in approximately 25% of the general population. [10] This is known as a patent foramen ovale, an atrial septal defect. It is mostly unproblematic, although it can be associated with paradoxical embolization and stroke. [10]Within the fetal right atrium, blood from the inferior vena cava and the superior vena cava flow in separate streams to different locations in the heart, and this has been reported to occur through the Coandă effect. [11] Atriums were previously named 'auricles'Function [ edit]In human physiology, the atria facilitate circulation primarily by allowing uninterrupted venous flow to the heart during ventricular systole. [12] [13] By being partially empty and distensible, atria prevent the interruption of venous flow to the heart that would occur during ventricular systole if the veins ended at the inlet valves of the heart. In normal physiologic states, the output of the heart is pulsatile, and the venous inflow to the heart is continuous and non-pulsatile. But without functioning atria, venous flow becomes pulsatile, and the overall circulation rate decreases significantly. [14] [15]Atria have four essential characteristics that cause them to promote continuous venous flow. (1) There are no atrial inlet valves to interrupt blood flow during atrial systole. (2) The atrial systole contractions are incomplete and thus do not contract to the extent that would block flow from the veins through the atria into the ventricles. During atrial systole, blood not only empties from the atria to the ventricles, but blood continues to flow uninterrupted from the veins right through the atria into the ventricles. (3) The atrial contractions must be gentle enough so that the force of contraction does not exert significant back pressure that would impede venous flow. (4) The "let go" of the atria must be timed so that they relax before the start of ventricular contraction, to be able to accept venous flow without interruption. [13] [16]By preventing the inertia of interrupted venous flow that would otherwise occur at each ventricular systole, atria allow approximately 75% more cardiac output than would otherwise occur. The fact that atrial contraction is 15% of the amount of the succeeding ventricular ejection has led to a misplaced emphasis on their role in pumping up the ventricles (the so-called "atrial kick"), whereas the key benefit of atria is in preventing circulatory inertia and allowing uninterrupted venous flow to the heart. [13] [17]Also, of importance in maintaining the blood flow are the presence of atrial volume receptors. These are low-pressure baroreceptors in the atria, which send signals to the hypothalamus when a drop in atrial pressure (which indicates a drop in blood volume) is detected. This triggers a release of vasopressin. [18]Clinical significance [ edit]In an adult, an atrial septal defect would result in the flow of blood in the reverse direction – from the left atrium to the right – which will reduce cardiac output, potentially causing cardiac failure and in severe or untreated cases cardiac arrest and sudden death. CT scan of the chest showing a thrombus in the left atrial appendage (left: axial plane, right: coronal plane)In patients with atrial fibrillation, mitral valve disease, and other conditions, blood clots have a tendency to form in the left atrial appendage. [8] The clots may dislodge (forming emboli ), which may lead to ischemic damage to the brain, kidneys, or other organs supplied by the systemic circulation. [19] Left atrial appendage occlusion is an experimental treatment to prevent stroke in atrial fibrillation. [20]The left atrial appendage can serve as an approach for mitral valve surgery. [21] The left atrial appendage can be seen on a standard posteroanterior x-ray, where the lower level of the left hilum becomes concave. [22]Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome Atrial flutter Atrial tachycardia Sinus tachycardia Multifocal atrial tachycardia – several types Premature atrial contraction Atriomegaly Other animals [ edit]Many other animals, including mammals, also have four-chambered hearts, which have a similar function. Some animals (amphibians and reptiles) have a three-chambered heart, in which the blood from each atrium is mixed in the single ventricle before being pumped to the aorta. In these animals, the left atrium still serves the purpose of collecting blood from the pulmonary veins. In some fish, the circulatory system is very simple: a two-chambered heart including one atrium and one ventricle. Among sharks, the heart consists of four chambers arranged serially (and therefore called a serial heart ): blood flows into the most posterior chamber, the sinus venosus, and then to the atrium which moves it to the third chamber, the ventricle, before it reaches the conus anteriosus, which itself is connected to the ventral aorta. This is considered a primitive arrangement, and many vertebrates have condensed the atrium with the sinus venosus and the ventricle with the conus anteriosus. [23]With the advent of lungs came a partitioning of the atrium into two parts divided by a septum. Among frogs, the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood are mixed in the ventricle before being pumped out to the body's organs; in turtles, the ventricle is almost entirely divided by a septum, but retains an opening through which some mixing of blood occurs. In birds, mammals, and some other reptiles (alligators in particular) the partitioning of both chambers is complete. [23]See also [ edit]This article uses anatomical terminology; for an overview, see Anatomical terminology. Syncytium References [ edit]^ "Auricles (of atria) definition - Drugs.com".^ "Structure of the Heart".^ Human heart anatomy diagram. Retrieved on 2010-07-02.^ "American Heart Association - Building healthier lives, free of cardiovascular diseases and stroke".^ "Jugular Venous Pressure. JVP information; Cannon wave".^ Applefeld, Mark M. (1 January 1990). Walker, H. Kenneth; Hall, W. Dallas; Hurst, J. Willis, eds. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. Butterworths. PMID 21250143 – via Pub Med.^ "Embryo Images Online".^ a b Al-Saady NM; et al. (1999). "Left atrial appendage: structure, function, and role in thromboembolism: Review". Heart. 82 (5): 547–54. doi: 10.1136/hrt.82.5.547. PMC 1760793. PMID 10525506.^ Keith L. Moore; Arthur F. Dalley; Anne M. R. Agur (2010). Clinically oriented anatomy (6th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 145. ISBN 9780781775250.^ a b Homma, S. (2005). "Patent Foramen Ovale and Stroke". Circulation. 112 (7): 1063–72. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.524371. ISSN 0009-7322. PMID 16103257.^ Ashrafian H (July 2006). "The Coanda effect and preferential right atrial streaming". Chest. 130 (1): 300. doi: 10.1378/chest.130.1.300. PMID 16840419.^ Anderson, RM. The Gross Physiology of the Cardiovascular System (2nd ed., 2012). See "Chapter 1: Normal Physiology. "^ a b c Anderson R. M.; Fritz J. M.; O'Hare J. E. (1967). "The Mechanical Nature of the Heart as a Pump" (PDF). American Heart Journal. 73 (1): 92–105. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703 (67)90313-4. PMID 6016029.^ The Determinants of Cardiac Output (video produced by University of Arizona Biomedical Communications; demonstration of atrial effect begings at 13:43).^ http://cardiac-output.info (See discussion of atrial effect in text Chapter 1. )^ Anderson, RM. The Gross Physiology of the Cardiovascular System (2nd ed.) See "Chapter 1: Normal Physiology. "^ "The Gross Physiology of the Cardiovascular System". Robert M. Anderson – via Google Books.^ Sherwood, Lauralee (2008). Human physiology: From cells to systems (7th revised ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 567. ISBN 978-0-495-39184-5.^ Parekh A, Jaladi R, Sharma S, Van Decker WA, Ezekowitz MD (September 2006). "Images in cardiovascular medicine. The case of a disappearing left atrial appendage thrombus: direct visualization of left atrial thrombus migration, captured by echocardiography, in a patient with atrial fibrillation, resulting in a stroke". Circulation. 114 (13): e513–14. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.617886. PMID 17000914.^ Stöllberger C, Schneider B, Finsterer J (December 2003). "Elimination of the left atrial appendage to prevent stroke or embolism? Anatomic, physiologic, and pathophysiologic considerations". Chest. 124 (6): 2356–62. doi: 10.1378/chest.124.6.2356. PMID 14665520.^ Guhathakurta S, Kurian VM, Manmohan G, Cherian KM (2004). "Mitral valve reoperation through the left atrial appendage in a patient with mesocardia". Tex Heart Inst J. 31 (3): 316–18. PMC 521780. PMID 15562857.^ Corne; et al. (2002). Chest X-Ray Made Easy. Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 0-443-07008-3.^ a b Doris R. Helms; Carl W. Helms; Robert J. Kosinski (15 December 1997). Biology in the Laboratory: With Bio Bytes 3.1 CD-ROM. W. H. Freeman. p. 36. ISBN 978-0-7167-3146-7. [ hide]v t e Anatomy of the heart General Surfacebase apex sulcicoronary interatrial anterior interventricular posterior interventricularbordersrightleft Internalatriainteratrial septum pectinate muscles terminal sulcusventriclesinterventricular septumtrabeculae carneae chordae tendineae papillary musclevalves cusps atrioventricular septumcardiac skeleton intervenous tubercle Chambers Right heart ( venae cavae, coronary sinus) → right atrium ( atrial appendage, fossa ovalis, limbus of fossa ovalis, crista terminalis, valve of inferior vena cava, valve of coronary sinus) → tricuspid valve → right ventricle ( infundibulum, moderator band/septomarginal trabecula) → pulmonary valve → ( pulmonary artery and pulmonary circulation)Left heart ( pulmonary veins) → left atrium ( atrial appendage) → mitral valve → left ventricle → aortic valve ( aortic sinus) → ( aorta and systemic circulation)Layers Endocardiumheart valves Myocardium Conduction systemcardiac pacemaker SA node Bachmann's bundle AV node bundle of Hisbundle branches Purkinje fibers Pericardial cavitypericardial sinus Pericardiumfibrous pericardiumsternopericardial ligamentsserous pericardiumepicardium/visceral layerfold of left vena cava Blood supply Circulatory system Coronary circulation Coronary arteries Categories: Cardiac anatomy

D1211088

http://www.electrical-knowhow.com/2011/12/nec-article-100-branch-circuit.html

NEC Article 100 - Branch Circuit Definition

NEC Article 100 - Branch Circuit Definition Again, we will explain more important definitions included in NEC code Article 100 which will be used along this Course, toady we will show the term “Branch Circuit “Definition. Branch Circuit: see fig.1A branch circuit is a portion of a wiring system that extends beyond the final, automatic overcurrent protective device (i.e., fuse or breaker) which qualifies for use as branch-circuit protection, and terminates at the utilization device or outlet (such as a lighting fixture, motor, or heater).fig (1): Branch circuit definition Thermal cutouts , motor overload devices and fuses in luminaires or in plug connections, which are used for ballast protection or individual fixture protection, are supplementary overcurrent protection on the load side of outlet and is not required by the Code, nor a substitute for the Code-required branch-circuit protection and does not establish the point of origin of a branch circuit. Branch Circuit, Appliance: see fig.2fig (2): Branch circuit, Appliance The point of differentiation between “appliance” branch-circuits and “general” branch-circuits is related to what is actually connected. For a circuit to be considered an “appliance” branch circuit, it may not supply any lighting, unless that lighting is part of an appliance. Branch Circuit, General Purpose: see fig.2Such circuits are identified by the fact that they supply two or more outlets for receptacles, lighting, or appliances. Notes: The circuit voltage in case of Appliance branch circuit has no limits but for general purpose branch circuit it will be limited to:150 V to ground for circuits supplying lamp holders, fixtures or receptacles of standard 15 Amp rating.300 V to ground for circuits supplying fluorescent, incandescent or mercury lighting under certain conditions.600 V for ungrounded circuits supplying electric discharge lighting Branch Circuit, Individual: see fig.3fig (3): Branch circuit, Individual It is a branch circuit supplies a single or “individual” piece of equipment. Circuit supplying both halves of a duplex receptacle is not an individual branch circuit in most cases, because each half of the duplex is classified as a separate device. Branch Circuit, Multiwire: see fig.4 &5fig (4): Branch circuit, Multiwire It is defined as a branch circuit that consists of two or more ungrounded conductors (two or more "hot" wires) that have a voltage between them (they are not on the same electrical phase and so are connected to different buses in the electrical panel), and a grounded conductor (the neutral wire) that has equal voltage between it and each ungrounded conductor (hot wire) of the circuit and that is connected to the neutral or grounded conductor of the system.fig (5): Branch circuit, Non-Multiwire A 3-wire, 3-phase circuit (without a neutral or grounded conductor) (see fig.5) ungrounded delta system is not a “multiwire branch circuit,” even though it does consist of “multi” wires, simply because there is no “neutral” or other grounded conductor. Remember, such a circuit must, by definition, also contain a “grounded” conductor, which may be a neutral, as in the typical 3-phase, 4-wire systems, or a grounded phase conductor, such as in a “corner-grounded” delta system. Branch Circuit Overcurrent Device: see fig.6These are devices capable of providing protection over the full range of overcurrents between the device rating and its interrupting rating, but never less than 5000 A.fig (6): Branch circuit Overcurrent Device They are far more robust than the supplementary overcurrent protective devices that offer limited protection for certain applications such as limiting the amount of energy that could enter a luminaire. In the next topic, I will continue explaining other definitions from article 100. Email This Blog This! Share to Twitter Share to Facebook Share to Pinterest Post a Comment Leave a comment to help all for better understanding<< Contract / Construction Drawings EP-3 Course: Transformers Types According to Application >>Home Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)

D3478633

https://www.city-data.com/zips/67042.html

67042 Zip Code (El Dorado, KS) Detailed Profile

67042 Zip Code (El Dorado, KS) Detailed Profile Follow city-data.com founder on our Forum or @Lech Mazur Cities: El Dorado, KS (3.32%), Rosalia, KS (0.24%), Towanda, KS (0.06%)County: Butler County, KSEstimated zip code population in 2016: 17,983 Zip code population in 2010: 17,969 Zip code population in 2000: 17,127 Houses and condos: 7,415 Renter-occupied apartments: 2,355% of renters here: 35%State: 34%Mar. 2016 cost of living index in zip code 67042: 82.3 (low, U. S. average is 100)Land area: 256.2 sq. mi. Water area: 12.3 sq. mi. Population density: 70 people per square mile (very low). Recent home sales, real estate maps, and home value estimator for zip code 67042OSM Map General Map Google Map MSN Map Real estate property taxes paid for housing units in 2016: This zip code: 1.7% ($1,852)Kansas: 1.4% ($1,999)Median real estate property taxes paid for housing units with mortgages in 2016: $2,039 (1.6%) Median real estate property taxes paid for housing units with no mortgage in 2016: $1,720 (1.8%) Profiles of local businesses Ruttenberg Roofing Put your B&M business profile right here for free. 50,000 businesses already created their profiles!Males: 9,465 (52.6%)Females: 8,518 (47.4%)For population 25 years and over in 67042: High school or higher: 89.5%Bachelor's degree or higher: 20.1%Graduate or professional degree: 7.0%Unemployed: 5.2%Mean travel time to work (commute): 18.4 minutes For population 15 years and over in 67042: Never married: 31.1%Now married: 45.6%Separated: 1.1%Widowed: 7.2%Divorced: 14.9%Zip code 67042 compared to state average: Hispanic race population percentage below state average. Foreign-born population percentage significantly below state average. Length of stay since moving in below state average. Percentage of population with a bachelor's degree or higher below state average. Races in zip code 6704215,628 White population783 Black population188 American Indian population58 Asian population11 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander population12 Some other race population328 Two or more races population961 Hispanic or Latino population Options XUser-defined colors Preset color patterns Most recent value% change since 2k Data: Options Get link Loading data... Based on 2000-2016 data Loading data...123Hide US histogram Recent posts about zip code 67042 area on our local forum with over 2,000,000 registered users: Kansas Passes New Budget With Tax Increases (84 replies)What direction to go? (14 replies)Moving to Kansas July 2017 (17 replies)Mc Pherson, Newton, or Hutchinson? (11 replies)Mixed couple moving to Wichita (12 replies)Tornado Shelters in Wichita? (3 replies)Urban population: 14,478 Rural population: 3,504 Estimated median house/condo value in 2016: $108,32767042: $108,327Kansas: $144,900According to our research of Kansas and other state lists there were 45 registered sex offenders living in 67042 zip code as of March 29, 2018. The ratio of number of residents in zip code 67042 to the number of sex offenders is 400 to 1. The number of registered sex offenders compared to the number of residents in this zip code is near the state average. Median resident age: This zip code: 38.2 years Kansas median age: 36.5 years Average household size: This zip code: 2.3 people Kansas: 2.5 people Averages for the 2012 tax year for zip code 67042, filed in 2013: Average Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) in 2012: $48,457 (Individual Income Tax Returns)Here: $48,457State: $60,095Salary/wage: $41,722 ( reported on 82.6% of returns)Here: $41,722State: $48,770 ( % of AGI for various income ranges: 73.1% for AGIs below $25k, 78.1% for AGIs $25k-50k, 77.1% for AGIs $50k-75k, 79.1% for AGIs $75k-100k, 75.2% for AGIs $100k-200k, 38.7% for AGIs over 200k)Taxable interest for individuals: $1,276 ( reported on 32.7% of returns)This zip code: $1,276Kansas: $1,506 ( % of AGI for various income ranges: 1.2% for AGIs below $25k, 0.8% for AGIs $25k-50k, 0.6% for AGIs $50k-75k, 0.5% for AGIs $75k-100k, 0.8% for AGIs $100k-200k, 1.5% for AGIs over 200k)Ordinary dividends: $5,068 ( reported on 17.8% of returns)Here: $5,068State: $6,093 ( % of AGI for various income ranges: 1.8% for AGIs below $25k, 0.9% for AGIs $25k-50k, 1.0% for AGIs $50k-75k, 0.9% for AGIs $75k-100k, 1.6% for AGIs $100k-200k, 5.8% for AGIs over 200k)Net capital gain/loss in AGI: +$8,204 ( reported on 14.5% of returns)Here: +$8,204State: +$14,598 ( % of AGI for various income ranges: 0.4% for AGIs $25k-50k, 0.7% for AGIs $50k-75k, 0.7% for AGIs $75k-100k, 1.9% for AGIs $100k-200k, 11.8% for AGIs over 200k)Profit/loss from business: +$11,954 ( reported on 13.2% of returns)Here: +$11,954State: +$12,554 ( % of AGI for various income ranges: 4.1% for AGIs below $25k, 3.7% for AGIs $25k-50k, 3.0% for AGIs $50k-75k, 1.6% for AGIs $75k-100k, 3.3% for AGIs $100k-200k, 4.2% for AGIs over 200k)Taxable individual retirement arrangement distribution: $12,503 ( reported on 13.4% of returns)67042: $12,503Kansas: $14,098 ( % of AGI for various income ranges: 4.8% for AGIs below $25k, 3.5% for AGIs $25k-50k, 3.5% for AGIs $50k-75k, 3.3% for AGIs $75k-100k, 4.2% for AGIs $100k-200k, 1.2% for AGIs over 200k)Self-employment retirement plans: $13,025 ( reported on 0.6% of returns)67042: $13,025Kansas: $19,780Total itemized deductions: $19,938 (20% of AGI, reported on 25.5% of returns)Here: $19,938State: $23,678Here: 20.1% of AGIState: 18.9% of AGI ( % of AGI for various income ranges: 8.2% for AGIs below $25k, 8.5% for AGIs $25k-50k, 8.5% for AGIs $50k-75k, 10.7% for AGIs $75k-100k, 13.0% for AGIs $100k-200k, 12.8% for AGIs over 200k)Charity contributions: $4,639 ( reported on 20.1% of returns)Here: $4,639State: $5,321 ( % of AGI for various income ranges: 0.7% for AGIs below $25k, 1.1% for AGIs $25k-50k, 1.4% for AGIs $50k-75k, 1.7% for AGIs $75k-100k, 2.3% for AGIs $100k-200k, 4.0% for AGIs over 200k)Taxes paid: $7,811 ( reported on 25.5% of returns)67042: $7,811State: $9,548 ( % of AGI for various income ranges: 2.1% for AGIs below $25k, 2.1% for AGIs $25k-50k, 2.8% for AGIs $50k-75k, 3.9% for AGIs $75k-100k, 6.3% for AGIs $100k-200k, 6.3% for AGIs over 200k)Earned income credit: $2,097 ( reported on 19.2% of returns)Here: $2,097State: $2,212 ( % of AGI for various income ranges: 5.9% for AGIs below $25k, 1.3% for AGIs $25k-50k)Percentage of individuals using paid preparers for their 2012 taxes: 60.7%Here: 61%State: 56% ( % for various income ranges: 57.2% for AGIs below $25k, 60.6% for AGIs $25k-50k, 63.8% for AGIs $50k-75k, 62.5% for AGIs $75k-100k, 66.7% for AGIs $100k-200k, 83.3% for AGIs over 200k)Averages for the 2004 tax year for zip code 67042, filed in 2005: Average Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) in 2004: $37,309 (Individual Income Tax Returns)Here: $37,309State: $45,726Salary/wage: $33,630 ( reported on 83.7% of returns)Here: $33,630State: $40,112 ( % of AGI for various income ranges: 172.2% for AGIs below $10k, 72.7% for AGIs $10k-25k, 79.5% for AGIs $25k-50k, 82.6% for AGIs $50k-75k, 78.7% for AGIs $75k-100k, 54.6% for AGIs over 100k)Taxable interest for individuals: $1,749 ( reported on 41.1% of returns)This zip code: $1,749Kansas: $1,749 ( % of AGI for various income ranges: 7.4% for AGIs below $10k, 3.1% for AGIs $10k-25k, 1.8% for AGIs $25k-50k, 1.2% for AGIs $50k-75k, 1.3% for AGIs $75k-100k, 2.4% for AGIs over 100k)Taxable dividends: $2,293 ( reported on 22.2% of returns)Here: $2,293State: $3,066 ( % of AGI for various income ranges: 6.1% for AGIs below $10k, 1.8% for AGIs $10k-25k, 1.0% for AGIs $25k-50k, 0.8% for AGIs $50k-75k, 0.9% for AGIs $75k-100k, 2.3% for AGIs over 100k)Net capital gain/loss: +$5,792 ( reported on 18.5% of returns)Here: +$5,792State: +$7,555 ( % of AGI for various income ranges: -2.0% for AGIs below $10k, 0.3% for AGIs $10k-25k, 0.7% for AGIs $25k-50k, 0.9% for AGIs $50k-75k, 2.6% for AGIs $75k-100k, 9.7% for AGIs over 100k)Profit/loss from business: +$7,648 ( reported on 14.8% of returns)Here: +$7,648State: +$9,571 ( % of AGI for various income ranges: 6.4% for AGIs below $10k, 3.1% for AGIs $10k-25k, 2.6% for AGIs $25k-50k, 2.0% for AGIs $50k-75k, 2.5% for AGIs $75k-100k, 4.8% for AGIs over 100k)IRA payment deduction: $2,813 ( reported on 2.1% of returns)67042: $2,813Kansas: $2,922 ( % of AGI for various income ranges: 0.2% for AGIs $10k-25k, 0.2% for AGIs $25k-50k, 0.1% for AGIs $50k-75k, 0.1% for AGIs $75k-100k, 0.1% for AGIs over 100k)Self-employed pension: $13,833 ( reported on 0.4% of returns)Here: $13,833Kansas: $14,209Total itemized deductions: $15,811 (22% of AGI, reported on 25.4% of returns)Here: $15,811State: $18,779Here: 21.6% of AGIState: 20.5% of AGI ( % of AGI for various income ranges: 18.6% for AGIs below $10k, 8.3% for AGIs $10k-25k, 8.0% for AGIs $25k-50k, 10.8% for AGIs $50k-75k, 12.9% for AGIs $75k-100k, 13.0% for AGIs over 100k)Charity contributions deductions: $3,511 (5% of AGI, reported on 21.5% of returns)Here: $3,511State: $3,892Here: 4.5% of AGIState: 4.0% of AGI ( % of AGI for various income ranges: 1.4% for AGIs below $10k, 1.2% for AGIs $10k-25k, 1.0% for AGIs $25k-50k, 1.7% for AGIs $50k-75k, 2.2% for AGIs $75k-100k, 3.9% for AGIs over 100k)Total tax: $4,950 ( reported on 72.6% of returns)67042: $4,950State: $7,203 ( % of AGI for various income ranges: 4.0% for AGIs below $10k, 3.7% for AGIs $10k-25k, 6.4% for AGIs $25k-50k, 8.4% for AGIs $50k-75k, 10.5% for AGIs $75k-100k, 17.8% for AGIs over 100k)Earned income credit: $1,678 ( reported on 16.5% of returns)Here: $1,678State: $1,674Percentage of individuals using paid preparers for their 2004 taxes: 64.1%Here: 64%State: 63% ( % for various income ranges: 53.8% for AGIs below $10k, 66.0% for AGIs $10k-25k, 68.1% for AGIs $25k-50k, 65.8% for AGIs $50k-75k, 66.2% for AGIs $75k-100k, 72.8% for AGIs over 100k)Estimated median household income in 2016: This zip code: $49,070Kansas: $54,935Nearest zip codes: 67074, 67132, 66842, 67144, 66840, 67123. Towanda Zip Code Map Percentage of family households: This zip code: 47.8%Kansas: 48.8%Percentage of households with unmarried partners: This zip code: 3.7%Kansas: 5.7%Likely homosexual households (counted as self-reported same-sex unmarried-partner households)Lesbian couples: 0.0% of all households Gay men: 0.1% of all households Household received Food Stamps/SNAP in the past 12 months: 881 Household did not receive Food Stamps/SNAP in the past 12 months: 5,849Women who had a birth in the past 12 months: 184 (102 now married, 82 unmarried)Women who did not have a birth in the past 12 months: 3,416 (1,434 now married, 1,982 unmarried)Housing units in zip code 67042 with a mortgage: 2,258 (80 second mortgage, 190 home equity loan, 7 both second mortgage and home equity loan) Houses without a mortgage: 2,140 Median monthly owner costs for units with a mortgage: $1,190 Median monthly owner costs for units without a mortgage: $465 Residents with income below the poverty level in 2016: This zip code: 15.8%Whole state: 12.1%Residents with income below 50% of the poverty level in 2016: This zip code: 11.1%Whole state: 6.8%Median number of rooms in houses and condos: Here: 6.4State: 6.8Median number of rooms in apartments: Here: 4.6State: 4.5Notable locations in this zip code not listed on our city pages Click to draw/clear zip code borders Notable locations in zip code 67042: American Legion Golf Course (A), Prairie Trails Golf and Country Club (B), Deer Grove Recreational Vehicle Park (C), El Dorado Wastewater Treatment Facility (D), Mc Donald Baseball Stadium (E), Butler County Sanitary Landfill (F), El Dorado Business Park (G), Oil Hill Industrial Park (H), El Dorado Wastewater Treatment Facility (I), Walnut Valley Sailing Club (J), Shady Creek Marina (K), El Dorado State Park Walnut River Camping Area (L), El Dorado State Park Shady Creek Camping Area (M), El Dorado State Park Boulder Bluff Camping Area (N), El Dorado State Park Bluestem Point Camping Area (O), Fifth and Main Plaza (P), El Dorado Plaza (Q), Butler County Fairgrounds (R), El Dorado Correctional Facility (S), Butler County Jail (T). Display/hide their locations on the map Shopping Center: North Main Shopping Center (1). Display/hide its location on the map Churches in zip code 67042 include: Seventh Day Adventist Church of El Dorado (A), Family Worship Center Assembly of God Church (B), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (C), Salvation Army (D), Pentecostal Lighthouse Church (E), Prospect Baptist Church (F), Antioch Baptist Church (G), Calvary Tabernacle First United Pentecostal Church (H), Church of Christ (I). Display/hide their locations on the map Cemeteries: Sutton Cemetery (1), Baker Cemetery (2), Chelsea Cemetery (3), Ridgeway Cemetery (4), Sunset Lawns Cemetery (5), Walnut Valley Memorial Park (6), Sherman Cemetery (7). Display/hide their locations on the map Reservoir: El Dorado Lake (A). Display/hide its location on the map Streams, rivers, and creeks: Bemis Creek (A), Satchel Creek (B), Durechen Creek (C), Gilmore Branch (D), West Branch Walnut River (E), Cole Creek (F), Upper Branch (G), Lower Branch (H), Harrison Creek (I). Display/hide their locations on the map Parks in zip code 67042 include: Summit Park (1), Southwest Park (2), Riverview Park (3), Rice Park (4), Main Park (5), Knutson Park (6), Central Park (7), Gordy Park (8), Graham Park (9). Display/hide their locations on the map Year house built120 Built 2014 or later82 Built 2010 to 2013491 Built 2000 to 2009772 Built 1990 to 1999494 Built 1980 to 19891,045 Built 1970 to 1979747 Built 1960 to 19691,469 Built 1950 to 1959547 Built 1940 to 19491,619 Built 1939 or earlier Note: State values scaled to 67042 population Owner-occupied Renter-occupied Bedrooms in owner-occupied houses and condos in El Dorado, KS (67042)13no bedroom1451 bedroom6952 bedrooms2,3493 bedrooms9434 bedrooms2255+ bedrooms Note: State values scaled to Zip code 67042 population Bedrooms in renter-occupied apartments in El Dorado, KS (67042)14no bedroom6631 bedroom8782 bedrooms5753 bedrooms1144 bedrooms935+ bedrooms Note: State values scaled to Zip code 67042 population Owner-occupied Renter-occupied Cars and other vehicles available in El Dorado, KS (67042) in owner-occupied houses/condos114no vehicle1,0481 vehicle1,7612 vehicles9363 vehicles3044 vehicles2305+ vehicles Note: State values scaled to Zip code 67042 population Cars and other vehicles available in El Dorado, KS (67042) in renter-occupied apartments329no vehicle1,0311 vehicle7832 vehicles1763 vehicles144 vehicles305+ vehicles Note: State values scaled to Zip code 67042 population Zip code 67042 household income distribution in 2016420 Less than $10,000447 $10,000 to $14,999443 $15,000 to $19,999427 $20,000 to $24,999410 $25,000 to $29,999351 $30,000 to $34,999277 $35,000 to $39,999324 $40,000 to $44,999209 $45,000 to $49,999572 $50,000 to $59,999786 $60,000 to $74,999918 $75,000 to $99,999418 $100,000 to $124,999305 $125,000 to $149,999218 $150,000 to $199,999122 $200,000 or more Estimate of home value of owner-occupied houses/condos in 2016 in zip code 6704275 Less than $10,00034 $10,000 to $14,99911 $15,000 to $19,99973 $20,000 to $24,99928 $25,000 to $29,99969 $30,000 to $34,99970 $35,000 to $39,999123 $40,000 to $49,999198 $50,000 to $59,999167 $60,000 to $69,999392 $70,000 to $79,999472 $80,000 to $89,999258 $90,000 to $99,999463 $100,000 to $124,999458 $125,000 to $149,999361 $150,000 to $174,999201 $175,000 to $199,999207 $200,000 to $249,999188 $250,000 to $299,99995 $300,000 to $399,99919 $400,000 to $499,99932 $500,000 to $749,9993 $750,000 to $999,99914 $1,000,000 to $1,499,99910 $1,500,000 to $1,999,999Rent paid by renters in 2016 in zip code 6704214 Less than $10047 $100 to $14991 $200 to $24993 $250 to $299115 $300 to $349263 $350 to $399185 $400 to $449159 $450 to $499251 $500 to $549173 $550 to $599205 $600 to $649148 $650 to $69943 $700 to $74951 $750 to $799112 $800 to $899102 $900 to $99921 $1,000 to $1,24994 No cash rent Median gross rent in 2016: $700. Median price asked for vacant for-sale houses and condos in 2016: $116,873. Estimated median house (or condo) value in 2016 for: White Non-Hispanic householders: $108,163Black or African American householders: $89,864American Indian or Alaska Native householders: $92,968Some other race householders: $106,202Two or more races householders: $114,372Hispanic or Latino householders: $108,163Estimated median house or condo value in 2016: $108,32767042: $108,327Kansas: $144,900Lower value quartile - upper value quartile: $80,290 - $166,187Owners and renters by unit type (%)Breakdown of mean house values by ages of householders Note: State values scaled to Here population Housing units in structures: One, detached: 5,716One, attached: 145Two: 1003 or 4: 2665 to 9: 22610 to 19: 17020 to 49: 14550 or more: 246Mobile homes: 378Boats, RVs, vans, etc. : 11Unemployment: 5.2%Means of transportation to work in zip code 6704286.1%6,774 Drove a car alone6.9%539 Carpooled0.1%7 Bus or trolley bus0.4%28 Motorcycle0.3%26 Bicycle2.0%158 Walked1.9%151 Other means2.1%164 Worked at home Travel time to work (commute) in zip code 67042954 Less than 5 minutes1,760 5 to 9 minutes1,473 10 to 14 minutes725 15 to 19 minutes462 20 to 24 minutes254 25 to 29 minutes681 30 to 34 minutes292 35 to 39 minutes230 40 to 44 minutes392 45 to 59 minutes281 60 to 89 minutes80 90 or more minutes Percentage of zip code residents living and working in this county: 76.8%Household type by relationship: Households: 15,760In family households: 12,866 (2,350 male householders, 1,813 female householders ) 3,165 spouses, 4,580 children (4,160 natural, 118 adopted, 304 stepchildren), 363 grandchildren, 65 brothers or sisters, 61 parents, 72 other relatives, 303 non-relatives In nonfamily households: 2,898 (943 male householders (897 living alone )), 1,619 female householders (1,369 living alone )), 322 nonrelatives In group quarters: 2,198 (1,291 institutionalized population)Size of family households: 2,258 2-persons, 578 3-persons, 625 4-persons, 465 5-persons, 224 6-persons, 30 7-or-more-persons Size of nonfamily households: 2,267 1-person, 271 2-persons, 20 3-persons2,242 married couples with children. 1,055 single-parent households (202 men, 853 women ).96.3% of residents of 67042 zip code speak English at home. 2.2% of residents speak Spanish at home (70% very well, 15% well, 8% not well, 7% not at all ). 0.6% of residents speak other Indo-European language at home (87% very well, 13% not well ). 0.3% of residents speak Asian or Pacific Island language at home (18% very well, 40% not well, 42% not at all ). 0.1% of residents speak other language at home (100% very well ). Foreign born population: 328 (1.8%) (47.6% of them are naturalized citizens )This zip code: 1.8%Whole state: 7.1%Most common places of birth for the foreign-born residents (%)15%Thailand10%France6%Korea5%Argentina4%Guatemala4%Chile3%Romania Most common first ancestries reported in 67042 (%)39%American15%German5%Irish4%English3%European1%Scottish1%African Year of entry for the foreign-born population1402010 or later252000 to 20091451990 to 1999129Before 1990Note: State values scaled to 67042 population Major facilities with environmental interests located in this zip code: UNION TANK CAR COMPANY (1802 N STAR ST in EL DORADO, KS) AIR SYNTHETIC MINOR (AIRS/AFS)STATE MASTER (Kansas Facility Profiler) - ISL-C200871981, STATE CLEANUP SITE, RTK-BU00123, EPCRA, TANKS-40906, UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK PROGRAM, WWT-I-WA09-NO02, WASTEWATER FACILITY, ISTEPS-01500024, AIR MINORHAZARDOUS WASTE BIENNIAL REPORTER (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (tracking hazardous waste)) - ICIS-, ENFORCEMENT/COMPLIANCE ACTIVITYLarge Quantity Generators, more that 1000 kg of hazardous waste/month (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (tracking hazardous waste)) - notification - ICIS-, ENFORCEMENT/COMPLIANCE ACTIVITYBusiness SIC classification: RAILROAD EQUIPMENT; RENTAL OF RAILROAD CARS Business NAICS classification: COMMERCIAL AIR, RAIL, AND WATER TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT RENTAL AND LEASING. Alternative names: UNION TANK CAR, EL DORADOMAGELLAN MIDSTREAM PARTNERS, L. P. (3510 SOUTHWEST 20TH STREET in EL DORADO, KS) AIR MINOR (AIRS/AFS)STATE MASTER (Kansas Facility Profiler) - ISTEPS-01500049, AIR PROGRAMHAZARDOUS WASTE BIENNIAL REPORTER (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (tracking hazardous waste))Small Quantity Generators, between 100 kg and 1000 kg of hazardous waste/month (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (tracking hazardous waste))Business SIC classification: REFINED PETROLEUM PIPELINES Business NAICS classification: PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION OF CRUDE OIL. Organizations: EQUILON ENTERPRISES LLC DBA SHELL OIL (CONTACT/OPERATOR) , MAGELLAN PIPELINE CO LP (CONTACT/OPERATOR) , EQUILON ENTERPRISES LLC (CONTACT/OWNER) , EQUILON ENTERPRISES LLC DBA SHELL OIL (CONTACT/OWNER) , MAGELLAN PIPELINE CO LP (CONTACT/OWNER) Alternative names: CHASE PIPELINE SYSTEM, CHASE terminal COMPANY, CHASE TERMINAL CO EL DORADO, CHASE TRANSPORTATION CO., MAGELLAN MIDSTREAM PARTNERS LPMAGELLAN PIPELINE COMPANY LLC (1309 SUNSET ROAD in EL DORADO, KS) AIR MINOR (AIRS/AFS)STATE MASTER (Kansas Facility Profiler) - ISTEPS-01500014, AIR PROGRAM, RTK-BU00650, EPCRAConditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generators, less than 100 kg/month of hazardous waste (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (tracking hazardous waste))Business SIC classification: REFINED PETROLEUM PIPELINES Business NAICS classification: PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION OF REFINED PETROLEUM PRODUCTS. Organizations: MAGELLAN PIPE LINE COMPANY, MPL EL DORADO PUMP STA (CONTACT/OPERATOR) , MAGELLAN PIPELINE CO LP (CONTACT/OPERATOR) , WILLIAMS PIPE LINE CO (CONTACT/OWNER) , MAGELLAN PIPELINE CO LP (CONTACT/OWNER) Alternative names: MAGELLAN-EL DORADO STATION, WILLIAMS PIPE LINE CO, WILLIAMS PIPE LINE CO EL DORADOEL PASO MERCHANT ENERGY PETROLEUM (1835 NORTH TOPEKA STREET in EL DORADO, KS) SUPERFUND NPL (Superfund database)OIL CONTROL (Facility Response Plan for oil discharge) (Integrated Compliance Information System) - ICIS-07-1978-0005, FORMAL ENFORCEMENT ACTIONCRITERIA AND HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANT INVENTORY (Inventory of air pollution sources)HAZARDOUS WASTE BIENNIAL REPORTER (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (tracking hazardous waste))Large Quantity Generators, more that 1000 kg of hazardous waste/month (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (tracking hazardous waste)) - notification TRI REPORTER (Tracking of toxic chemicals releasing facilities)Business SIC classification: PETROLEUM REFINING; PETROLEUM BULK STATIONS AND TERMINALS Business NAICS classification: PETROLEUM REFINERIES. Organizations: EL PASO MERCHANT ENERGY PETROLEUM CO (CONTACT/OPERATOR) Alternative names: COASTAL DERBY REFINING CO (FINDS), COASTAL REFINING & MARKETING CO (FINDS), COASTAL REFINING & MARKETING INC. KANSAS, COASTAL REFINING & MARKETING INC. REFINING DIV., EL PASO MERCHANT ENERGY EL DORADO, EL PASO MERCHANT ENERGY-PETROLEUM CO (FORMERLY COASTAL REFNG & MKTG.) , EL PASO MERCHANT ENERGY-PETROLEUM CO., PESTER REFINERY CO, PESTER REFINING CO (FINDS), TRIGEANT EP LTDKANEB PIPELINE OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L. P. (1624 SUNSET ROAD in EL DORADO, KS) AIR SYNTHETIC MINOR (AIRS/AFS)STATE MASTER (Kansas Facility Profiler) - ISTEPS-01500035, AIR MINOR, ISL-C200870978, STATE CLEANUP SITECRITERIA AND HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANT INVENTORY (Inventory of air pollution sources) (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (tracking hazardous waste))Business SIC classification: REFINED PETROLEUM PIPELINES Business NAICS classification: PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION OF REFINED PETROLEUM PRODUCTS. Organizations: VALERO, LP (CONTACT/OPERATOR) , KANEB PIPE LINE OPERATING (CONTACT/OWNER) Alternative names: KANEB PIPE LINE OPERATING, KANEB PIPE LINE OPER PARTNERSHIP L P, VALERO LOGISTICS OPERATIONS, L. P. EL DORADO, CITY OF (213 E 1ST AVE in EL DORADO, KS) FORMAL ENFORCEMENT ACTION (Integrated Compliance Information System) - ICIS-07-2006-0047, ENFORCEMENT/COMPLIANCE ACTIVITYSTATE MASTER (Kansas Facility Profiler) - TANKS-04489, UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK PROGRAM, ISL-C200871703, STATE CLEANUP SITEEL DORADO CORRECTIONAL FACILITY (1737 S. E. HWY 54 in EL DORADO, KS) AIR SYNTHETIC MINOR (AIRS/AFS)STATE MASTER (Kansas Facility Profiler) - TANKS-26076, UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK PROGRAM, TANKS-29375, ISTEPS-01500037, AIR MINORCRITERIA AND HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANT INVENTORY (Inventory of air pollution sources)Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generators, less than 100 kg/month of hazardous waste (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (tracking hazardous waste))Business SIC and NAICS classification: CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS Organizations: STATE OF KANSAS (CONTACT/OPERATOR) , EL DORADO CORRECTIONAL WORK FA (OWNER/OPERATOR) , EL DORADO CORRECTIONAL %J DAV (OWNER/OPERATOR)USD #490 (1518 WEST 6TH AVENUE in EL DORADO, KS) STATE MASTER (Kansas Facility Profiler) - TANKS-06057, UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK PROGRAMCOMPLIANCE ACTIVITY (Tracking inspections of insecticide, fungicide, and rodenticide, and toxic substances) (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (tracking hazardous waste))Organizations: USD 490 BUS BARN (CONTACT/OWNER) , USD #490 - ATTN: GREG KIEFFER (OWNER/OPERATOR) Alternative names: EL DORADO USD 490, USD 490 BUS BARNEL PASO MERCHANT ENERGY-EL DORADO (1835 N TOPEKA ST in EL DORADO, KS) AIR SYNTHETIC MINOR (AIRS/AFS)STATE MASTER (Kansas Facility Profiler) - ISTEPS-01500057, AIR MINOR, ISL-C200870243, STATE CLEANUP SITE, ISTEPS-01500001, AIR PROGRAM, WWT-I-WA09-PO01, WASTEWATER FACILITY, RTK-SG00157, EPCRA, RTK-BU00968,TRI REPORTER (Tracking of toxic chemicals releasing facilities)Business SIC classification: PETROLEUM REFINING; ASPHALT PAVING MIXTURES AND BLOCKS; PETROLEUM BULK STATIONS AND TERMINALS; AIR AND WATER RESOURCE AND SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Business NAICS classification: PETROLEUM REFINERIES. ; PETROLEUM BULK STATIONS AND TERMINALS. Organizations: EL PASO CORP, EL PASO CORPORATION (CONTACT/OPERATOR) , TRIGEANT EP LTD (RTK PARENT ORGANIZATION) Alternative names: TRIGEANT LTD, TRIGEANT EP LTD, TRIGEANT (SEE 0150001)ANDERSON SERVICES, INC. (1390 SE 40TH in EL DORADO, KS) STATE MASTER (Kansas Facility Profiler) - SOLWASTE-1027, REFUSE DISPOSAL (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (tracking hazardous waste))Organizations: CAP ANDERSON (CONTACT/OWNER)TRANSWOOD INC. (2504 W ENTERPRISE in EL DORADO, KS) STATE MASTER (Kansas Facility Profiler) - TANKS-43091, UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK PROGRAM (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (tracking hazardous waste))Business NAICS classification: GENERAL FREIGHT TRUCKING, LONG-DISTANCE, TRUCKLOAD. Organizations: LEE LEVINSTRA (CONTACT/OPERATOR)BOYER TANK FARM (2395 SW BOYER RD in EL DORADO, KS) STATE MASTER (Kansas Facility Profiler) - ISL-C200871641, STATE CLEANUP SITEHAZARDOUS WASTE BIENNIAL REPORTER (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (tracking hazardous waste))Small Quantity Generators, between 100 kg and 1000 kg of hazardous waste/month (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (tracking hazardous waste))Organizations: SHELL PIPELINE COMPANY LP (CONTACT/OPERATOR) , MAGELLAN PIPELINE CO LP (CONTACT/OPERATOR) Alternative names: BOYER ROAD TANK FARM PROPERTY, EL DORADO STA, EQUILON PIPELINE LLC, SHELL PIPELINE CO LP BOYER TANK FARMCARDWELL INTERNATIONAL LIMITED (635 N. METCALF RD. in EL DORADO, KS) AIR MINOR (AIRS/AFS)STATE MASTER (Kansas Facility Profiler) - ISTEPS-01500038, AIR PROGRAMCOMPLIANCE ACTIVITY (Tracking inspections of insecticide, fungicide, and rodenticide, and toxic substances)Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generators, less than 100 kg/month of hazardous waste (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (tracking hazardous waste))Business SIC and NAICS classification: OIL AND GAS FIELD MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT Organizations: CARDWELL-ART TEICHGRAEBER (CONTACT/OWNER)Housing units lacking complete plumbing facilities: 0.6% Housing units lacking complete kitchen facilities: 4.4%Most commonly used house heating fuel67%Utility gas22%Electricity10%Bottled, tank, or LP gas1%Wood Population in 1990: 14,387. Population change in the 1990s: +2,740 (+19.0%). Place of birth for U. S.-born residents: This state: 12,970Northeast: 212Midwest: 1,527South: 1,773West: 1,01952% of the 67042 zip code residents lived in the same house 5 years ago. Out of people who lived in different houses, 54% lived in this county. Out of people who lived in different counties, 50% lived in Kansas.82% of the 67042 zip code residents lived in the same house 1 year ago. Out of people who lived in different houses, 51% moved from this county. Out of people who lived in different houses, 31% moved from different county within same state. Out of people who lived in different houses, 17% moved from different state. Out of people who lived in different houses, 0% moved from abroad. Year Householders Moved Into Unit Private vs. public school enrollment: Students in private schools in grades 1 to 8 (elementary and middle school): 63Here: 4.3%Kansas: 10.7%Students in private schools in grades 9 to 12 (high school): 47Here: 6.0%Kansas: 9.5%Students in private undergraduate colleges: 179Here: 14.4%Kansas: 15.0%Educational Attainment (%)School Enrollment by Level of School (%)Class of Workers (%)Occupation by median earnings in the past 12 months ($)115,890Architecture and engineering occupations61,972Life, physical, and social science occupations55,092Computer and mathematical occupations54,205Management occupations52,481Business and financial operations occupations52,039Transportation occupations Note: State values scaled to 67042 population Companies with federal contracts located in this zip code (EL DORADO, KS): C A MITCHELL (3991 SW US HIGHWAY 77; small business): $102,565 in 9 contracts from 2004 to 2006 Contracts for Facilities Operations Support Services, Landscaping/Groundskeeping Services, Custodial Janitorial Services by Army, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers - civil program financing only Signed by year: 2000: $0; 2001: $0; 2002: $0; 2003: $0; 2004: $57,600; 2005: $36,720; 2006: $8,245. Biggest contracts: $18,360 with Army for Facilities Operations Support Services. Signed on 2005-03-22. Completion date: 2005-01-05. $18,360 with U. S. Army Corps of Engineers - civil program financing only for Facilities Operations Support Services. Signed on 2005-03-22. Completion date: 2005-01-05. $15,890 with Army for Landscaping/Groundskeeping Services. Signed on 2004-03-10. Completion date: 2005-03-31. $15,890 with U. S. Army Corps of Engineers - civil program financing only for Landscaping/Groundskeeping Services. Signed on 2004-03-10. Completion date: 2005-03-31. PROSEAL INC (6035 SE 20TH ST; small business): $26,816 in 2 contracts in 2005 $13,408 with Army for Construction of Structures and Facilities -- Highways, Roads, Streets, Bridges, and Railways (includes resurfacing). Signed on 2005-08-05. Completion date: 2005-08-25. $13,408 with U. S. Army Corps of Engineers - civil program financing only for Construction of Structures and Facilities -- Highways, Roads, Streets, Bridges, and Railways (includes resurfacing). Signed on 2005-08-05. Completion date: 2005-08-25. KNOX ELECTRONIC LIMITED (3910 W CENTRAL AVE; small business): $7,082 in 2 contracts from 2002 to 2004 $3,982 with Army for Miscellaneous Communication Equipment. Signed on 2004-06-17. Completion date: 2004-07-10. $3,100 with Army for Miscellaneous Furniture and Fixtures. Signed on 2002-08-05. Completion date: 2002-09-06. HOWARD ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTS (974 SE PIONEER RD; small business) $2,537 with Army for Specialized Semiconductor, Microcircuit, and Printed Circuit Board Manufacturing Machinery. Signed on 2005-04-13. Completion date: 2005-04-28. Top industries in this zip code by the number of employees in 2005: Accommodation and Food Services: Limited-Service Restaurants ( 50-99 employees: 2 establishments, 20-49 employees: 7 establishments, 10-19 employees: 6 establishments, 5-9 employees: 1 establishment, 1-4 employees: 3 establishments)Health Care and Social Assistance: General Medical and Surgical Hospitals ( 250-499: 1)Health Care and Social Assistance: Offices of Physicians (except Mental Health Specialists) ( 50-99: 1, 20-49: 2, 10-19: 2, 5-9: 4, 1-4: 11)Accommodation and Food Services: Full-Service Restaurants ( 20-49: 2, 10-19: 7, 5-9: 3, 1-4: 4)Health Care and Social Assistance: Vocational Rehabilitation Services ( 100-249: 1, 10-19: 1)Age and Sex of Sensory-Disabled Residents (Noninstitutionalized)Age and Sex of Physically-Disabled Residents (Noninstitutionalized)Age and Sex of Mentally-Disabled Residents (Noninstitutionalized)Age and Sex of Self-Care Disabled Residents (Noninstitutionalized)Age and Sex of Go-Outside-Home Disabled Residents (Noninstitutionalized)Age and Sex of Residents with Employment Disability (Noninstitutionalized)People in group quarters in 2010:1,379 people in local jails and other municipal confinement facilities368 people in college/university student housing129 people in nursing facilities/skilled-nursing facilities44 people in group homes intended for adults People in group quarters in 2000:1,029 people in state prisons205 people in nursing homes205 people in college dormitories (includes college quarters off campus)30 people in local jails and other confinement facilities (including police lockups)13 people in other noninstitutional group quarters12 people in homes for the mentally retarded6 people in homes for the physically handicapped Fatal accident statistics in 2014: Fatal accident count: 1Vehicles involved in fatal accidents: 1Fatal accidents caused by drunken drivers: 0Fatalities: 1Persons involved in fatal accidents: 1Pedestrians involved in fatal accidents: 0Fatal accident statistics in 2013: Fatal accident count: 3Vehicles involved in fatal accidents: 4Fatal accidents caused by drunken drivers: 0Fatalities: 3Persons involved in fatal accidents: 4Pedestrians involved in fatal accidents: 0Home Mortgage Disclosure Act Aggregated Statistics For Year 2009 (Based on 3 full and 6 partial tracts)A) FHA, FSA/RHS & VA Home Purchase Loans B) Conventional Home Purchase Loans C) Refinancings D) Home Improvement Loans E) Loans on Dwellings For 5+ Families F) Non-occupant Loans on < 5 Family Dwellings (A B C & D) G) Loans On Manufactured Home Dwelling (A B C & D)Number Average Value Number Average Value Number Average Value Number Average Value Number Average Value Number Average Value Number Average Value LOANS ORIGINATED 141 $98,731 99 $96,263 376 $116,291 101 $24,266 2 $101,000 54 $63,612 28 $65,539APPLICATIONS APPROVED, NOT ACCEPTED 7 $78,664 8 $90,894 30 $126,573 10 $23,225 0 $0 1 $555,970 4 $58,438APPLICATIONS DENIED 38 $92,076 21 $77,222 125 $120,684 44 $40,438 0 $0 7 $37,697 12 $87,506APPLICATIONS WITHDRAWN 19 $81,209 9 $69,518 75 $110,033 11 $27,335 0 $0 2 $27,500 4 $70,078FILES CLOSED FOR INCOMPLETENESS 6 $107,797 2 $260,970 12 $119,494 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0Choose year:

D1598294

https://www.coursehero.com/file/p651n5t/a-fire-pit-identified-by-the-physical-and-chemical-effects-of-fire-upon/

A fire pit identified by the physical and chemical

A fire pit identified by the physical and chemical SCHOOLUniveristy of Wyoming- Laramie COURSE TITLEANTH 1140TYPENotes UPLOADED BYkreimer PAGES 4This preview shows pages 3–4. Sign up to view the full content. View Full Document- a fire-pit; identified by the physical and chemical effects of fire upon materials like rock anddirt Total station (EDM)- a device that uses a beam of light bounced off of a prism to determine an artifactsprovenience “the location of an artifact in a site”; accurate to +/- 3mm Soil resistivity surveys - a remote sensing technique that monitors the electrical resistance of soils in arestricted volume near the surface of archaeological site, buried walls or features can be detected by thechanges in the amount of resistance registered by the resistivity meter Proton magnetometry- a remote sensing technique that measures the strength of magnetism between theearth’s magnetic core and a sensor controlled by the archaeologist. Magnetic anomalies can indicate thepresence of buried walls or features. Important Concepts Culture history – what does it focus on? Processualism (Processual Archaeology) – what are its key characteristics? Postprocessualism (Postprocessual Archaeology) – how is it different from Processualism (Processual Archaeology)? This preview has intentionally blurred sections. Sign up to view the full version. View Full Document Cultural materialism – what does it focus on? What is the conjunctive approach? What is Low-level theory? What is Middle-level (Mid-range) theory? What is High-level theory? The scientific method – what are its components? What is anthropology? What are its four subfields and what do each of them study? The moundbuilder myth – what is it and why is it important? Americanist archaeology – what is its relationship with anthropology? – the brand of archaeology thatevolved in close association with anthropology in the Americas; it is practiced throughout the world What factors influence how and where to survey for archaeological sites? Know the remote sensing techniques (what is each actually measuring?) & conditions under which eachof them works best. What are some drawbacks of remote sensing? What are common techniques for finding archaeological sites? What kind of sites do archaeologists record? What factors can affect the quality of archaeological surveys? What is the current general trend in Americanist archaeology regarding what and how much to excavate? This is the end of the preview. Sign up to access the rest of the document. TERM Spring '08 PROFESSOR Brown TAGSArchaeology, Remote Sensing, The Land, processual archaeology, postprocessual archaeology, remote sensing technique, Archaeology Charles Lyell Report View Full Document Bookmarked 0Recently viewed ANTH 1140ANTH 1300 Exam I Study Guide Viewing now Interested in ANTH 1300 Exam I Study Guide? Bookmark it to view later. Most Popular Documents for ANTH5 pages LAST ANTH reading response ;) word Univeristy of Wyoming- Laramie ANTH 3420 - Fall 2015LAST ANTH reading response ;) word2 pages Exam 2 Study Guide Univeristy of Wyoming- Laramie ANTH 1300 - Spring 2016Exam 2 Study Guide6 pages Arch Exam1Study Guide Univeristy of Wyoming- Laramie ANTH 1300 - Spring 2014Arch Exam1Study Guide4 pages Slide Set 9 Solutions Univeristy of Wyoming- Laramie ANTH 3420 - Fall 2015Slide Set 9 Solutions4 pages ACT 330 Course Schedule Spring 2017 (2)Univeristy of Wyoming- Laramie ANTH 3420 - Fall 2015ACT 330 Course Schedule Spring 2017 (2)2 pages ANTH 1300 Final Exam Study Guide Univeristy of Wyoming- Laramie ANTH 1300 - Spring 2016ANTH 1300 Final Exam Study Guide Study on the go Download the i OS app Download the Android app Other Related Materials12 pagessettlement pattern The distribution of archaeological sites across a region Austin Community College ANTH 2302 - Spring 2013Arch study guide15 pages Temporal Type morphological type that has temporal significance also known as a Oberlin ANTH 103 - Fall 2010Archaeology study guide11 pages Section 106 federal agencies are responsible for identifying and evaluating all UC Davis ANT 03 - Spring 2014exam1 review solution13 pages Wilkie_Glossary Berkeley ANTH 2AC - Spring 2014Wilkie_Glossary9 pages Archeology had a responsibility to stakeholders and broader public vii In terms Berkeley ANTHROPOLO 2AC - Spring 2013Midterm Vocab7 pagesareas with a lot of variability need a higher percentage of areas that are more UC Davis ANT 003 - Fall 2015ANT3MIDTERM

D162393

http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/a-brief-history-of-the-salem-witch-trials-175162489/

A Brief History of the Salem Witch Trials

A Brief History of the Salem Witch Trials One town’s strange journey from paranoia to pardon A girl is accused during the Salem Witch Trials (Bettmann / CORBIS)By Jess Blumbergsmithsonian.com October 23, 2007The Salem witch trials occurred in colonial Massachusetts between 1692 and 1693. More than 200 people were accused of practicing witchcraft—the Devil’s magic—and 20 were executed. Eventually, the colony admitted the trials were a mistake and compensated the families of those convicted. Since then, the story of the trials has become synonymous with paranoia and injustice, and it continues to beguile the popular imagination more than 300 years later. Salem Struggling Several centuries ago, many practicing Christians, and those of other religions, had a strong belief that the Devil could give certain people known as witches the power to harm others in return for their loyalty. A “witchcraft craze” rippled through Europe from the 1300s to the end of the 1600s. Tens of thousands of supposed witches—mostly women—were executed. Though the Salem trials came on just as the European craze was winding down, local circumstances explain their onset. In 1689, English rulers William and Mary started a war with France in the American colonies. Known as King William’s War to colonists, it ravaged regions of upstate New York, Nova Scotia and Quebec, sending refugees into the county of Essex and, specifically, Salem Village in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. (Salem Village is present-day Danvers, Massachusetts; colonial Salem Town became what’s now Salem. )The displaced people created a strain on Salem’s resources. This aggravated the existing rivalry between families with ties to the wealth of the port of Salem and those who still depended on agriculture. Controversy also brewed over Reverend Samuel Parris, who became Salem Village’s first ordained minister in 1689, and was disliked because of his rigid ways and greedy nature. The Puritan villagers believed all the quarreling was the work of the Devil. In January of 1692, Reverend Parris’ daughter Elizabeth, age 9, and niece Abigail Williams, age 11, started having “fits.” They screamed, threw things, uttered peculiar sounds and contorted themselves into strange positions, and a local doctor blamed the supernatural. Another girl, Ann Putnam, age 11, experienced similar episodes. On February 29, under pressure from magistrates Jonathan Corwin and John Hathorne, the girls blamed three women for afflicting them: Tituba, the Parris’ Caribbean slave; Sarah Good, a homeless beggar; and Sarah Osborne, an elderly impoverished woman. The witch no. 1 is a lithograph representation, created by Joseph E. Baker, ca. 1837-1914, of the story of the witchcraft accusations, trials and executions that captured the imagination of writers and artists in the ensuing centuries. ( Wikimedia Commons)Witch Hunt All three women were brought before the local magistrates and interrogated for several days, starting on March 1, 1692. Osborne claimed innocence, as did Good. But Tituba confessed, “The Devil came to me and bid me serve him.” She described elaborate images of black dogs, red cats, yellow birds and a “black man” who wanted her to sign his book. She admitted that she signed the book and said there were several other witches looking to destroy the Puritans. All three women were put in jail. With the seed of paranoia planted, a stream of accusations followed for the next few months. Charges against Martha Corey, a loyal member of the Church in Salem Village, greatly concerned the community; if she could be a witch, then anyone could. Magistrates even questioned Sarah Good’s 4-year-old daughter, Dorothy, and her timid answers were construed as a confession. The questioning got more serious in April when Deputy Governor Thomas Danforth and his assistants attended the hearings. Dozens of people from Salem and other Massachusetts villages were brought in for questioning. On May 27, 1692, Governor William Phipps ordered the establishment of a Special Court of Oyer (to hear) and Terminer (to decide) for Suffolk, Essex and Middlesex counties. The first case brought to the special court was Bridget Bishop, an older woman known for her gossipy habits and promiscuity. When asked if she committed witchcraft, Bishop responded, “I am as innocent as the child unborn.” The defense must not have been convincing, because she was found guilty and, on June 10, became the first person hanged on what was later called Gallows Hill. Five days later, respected minister Cotton Mather wrote a letter imploring the court not to allow spectral evidence—testimony about dreams and visions. The court largely ignored this request and five people were sentenced and hanged in July, five more in August and eight in September. On October 3, following in his son’s footsteps, Increase Mather, then president of Harvard, denounced the use of spectral evidence: “It were better that ten suspected witches should escape than one innocent person be condemned.”Governor Phipps, in response to Mather’s plea and his own wife being questioned for witchcraft, prohibited further arrests, released many accused witches and dissolved the Court of Oyer and Terminer on October 29. Phipps replaced it with a Superior Court of Judicature, which disallowed spectral evidence and only condemned 3 out of 56 defendants. Phipps eventually pardoned all who were in prison on witchcraft charges by May 1693. But the damage had been done: 19 were hanged on Gallows Hill, a 71-year-old man was pressed to death with heavy stones, several people died in jail and nearly 200 people, overall, had been accused of practicing “the Devil’s magic.”Restoring Good Names Following the trials and executions, many involved, like judge Samuel Sewall, publicly confessed error and guilt. On January 14, 1697, the General Court ordered a day of fasting and soul-searching for the tragedy of Salem. In 1702, the court declared the trials unlawful. And in 1711, the colony passed a bill restoring the rights and good names of those accused and granted £600 restitution to their heirs. However, it was not until 1957—more than 250 years later—that Massachusetts formally apologized for the events of 1692. In the 20th century, artists and scientists alike continued to be fascinated by the Salem witch trials. Playwright Arthur Miller resurrected the tale with his 1953 play The Crucible, using the trials as an allegory for the Mc Carthyism paranoia in the 1950s. Additionally, numerous hypotheses have been devised to explain the strange behavior that occurred in Salem in 1692. One of the most concrete studies, published in Science in 1976 by psychologist Linnda Caporael, blamed the abnormal habits of the accused on the fungus ergot, which can be found in rye, wheat and other cereal grasses. Toxicologists say that eating ergot-contaminated foods can lead to muscle spasms, vomiting, delusions and hallucinations. Also, the fungus thrives in warm and damp climates—not too unlike the swampy meadows in Salem Village, where rye was the staple grain during the spring and summer months. In August 1992, to mark the 300th anniversary of the trials, Nobel Laureate Elie Wiesel dedicated the Witch Trials Memorial in Salem. Also in Salem, the Peabody Essex Museum houses the original court documents, and the town’s most-visited attraction, the Salem Witch Museum, attests to the public’s enthrallment with the 1692 hysteria. Editor’s note - October 27, 2011: Thanks to Professor Darin Hayton for pointing out an error in this article. While the exact number of supposed witches killed in Europe isn’t known, the best estimate is closer to tens of thousands of victims, not hundreds of thousands. We have fixed the text to address this issue. Like this article? SIGN UP for our newsletter Tags American History Religion Religious History Related Books Six Women of Salem: The Untold Story of the Accused and Their Accusers in the Salem Witch Trials Buy Related Content Unraveling the Many Mysteries of Tituba, the Star Witness of the Salem Witch Trials Before Salem, There Was the Not-So-Wicked Witch of the Hamptons A Murder in Salem Previous Article Unearthing Egypt’s Greatest Temple Next Article Sitting Bull’s Legacy Comment on this Story Sorry, the browser you are using is not currently supported. Disqus actively supports the following browsers: Firefox Chrome Internet Explorer 11+Safari Bo Gardiner • 4 years ago People need to be aware that witch-hunting is not just history. The hunting, persecution and killing of witches continues around the world, often with government encouragement, with women still being the primary targets. Just because it isn't done in Europe and America much anymore doesn't mean it's over. I wish Smithsonian had used this opportunity to raise awareness about this horrifying human rights issue.mary • 3 years ago So you're saying that people keep killing innocent women accusing them of being "witches" where exactly is this happening ? Jeremy • 2 years ago In January 2009, a young girl was burned alive, accused of being a witch. A month later, a father and son were also burned to death after being accused of witchcraft. In 2008, rumors that a successful soccer player was using witchcraft triggered a riot in Kinshasa, Congo. The riot and stampede killed 13 people. In India, landowning women are sometimes accused of witchcraft. Neighbors of the suspected witch may begin collecting firewood on which the suspect will burn. The women, often older widows, are scared enough to leave their homes. Their neighbors then take their land. President Yahya Jammeh of The Gambia believes he is being targeted by witches. According to Amnesty International, as many as 1,000 Gambians accused of witchcraft have been arrested and tortured on orders from the president. Jean Louise Finch • 1 year ago People, mostly men, are definitely still prosecuting innocent women out of fear. " [W]here exactly is this happening?" Why, Congress of course!Margo Kaufman • 9 months ago That too. Sons of Liberty • 1 year ago In the Middle East they prosecute women for far lesser crimes than witchcraft - some that merit execution in the hardcore muslim world. Salvia A • 1 year agomuslim is not that hardcore compared to early christian. europeans invented far more gruesome, nasty torture techniques and devices including breast ripper, the rack, head crusher, etc. their history is far more darker. Do some research before you accuse other religion because it's a sensitive topic.rob smith • 1 year ago Visit the Mittelalteriches Museum in Rothenburg ob der Tauber, in Germany, just north of Stuttgart. It is an old walled town, destroyed in WW 2 but restored. This Museum I believe is the Torture museum! Yes the "Christians" had their part in torture too! Yikes!Sons of Liberty • 1 year ago Normally for legitimate criminal offenses. And also, Christianity did not start by invasion and conversion via swordpoint like Islam did. From the 7th century on they began their invasions of most of the Middle East, most of North Africa 60 percent of what is now Spain, several Mediterranean islands - and they attempted to invade France but their invasion force was wiped out by Charles Martel and the Carolingians. Christianity began with the Christ and 12 followers, and succeeded in the most brutal of times - the middle of the Roman Empire, without a sword. Tamara Bedic • 1 year ago Actually, Christianity was extremely bloody (Constantine killed hundreds of opponents to become Emperor) and many pagans suffered forced conversion or death in the 4th and 5th centuries. The Crusaders systemically targeted Jews throughout Europe (slaughtering them in the ghettoes where they resided) and Moslems in Jerusalem. According to primary sources, the horses were swimming in blood within the Holy City, thanks to our brave Christian knights. The Albigensian crusade pitted one Christian sect against another; the famous quote there being: "kill them all, God will recognize his own". There was a lovely little thing called The Inquisition, as well. And all this occurred BEFORE misogynists like Kramer wrote their How-To-Torture-Women treatise. Hundreds of thousands of women burnt at the stake. So yeah, the more you know about History the less you like Christianity. Sons of Liberty • 1 year ago Christianity DID NOT start by invasion. At the time, during the middle of the Roman Empire, they were not capable of starting by invasion and converting by sword point. Islam was in their beginning, as they raised large armies and navies. You missed my point of course. Michael Flack • 10 months ago For the record "christianity" was a product of Constantine and the invasion occurred in the form of missionaries who accompanied slave traders (many of the so called explorers of the world were in fact slave traders) Constantine used his influence over the military to carry out the destruction of all opposing religions (many of which christianity took many of its mythologies from) and also destroyed much of the evidence though enough of it remains to set the facts straight. On the topic of "armies" christianity did not need armies when it worked best in small fleets of slave traders who were armed to the teeth and were ruthless criminals, as they prayed on small defenseless islands and towns and did so en-mass. This meant that few major battles were fought directly under the context of religious conversion outside of the crusades and most of the suffering nations had little recourse or means of fighting back. IAB • 2 years ago Africa and the Middle East Etuken Bx Idung • 4 months ago Sure! It's happening in my country (NIGERIA) up till today. This is truly an eye open article. But how do i convince this mediocres around me? Smh Icabod • 5 months ago The term "witch hunt" also covers the mass panic that occurs. One would be expected to scoff at a witch trial today. However, there are numerous examples where irrational claims resulted in trials and jail. https://www.thedailybeast.c...https://en.m.wikipedia.org/...https://www.people.vcu.edu/...dorene schaffner • 3 years ago"I am as innocent as the babe unborn" was not said by Bridget Bishop. It was said by 71 year old Rebecca Nurse who was accused along with her sisters Mary Esty and Sarah Cloyce. Also, the court documents are not at the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem. They are at the Archival Center of the Peabody Library in Danvers,MA. Some iffy research here. Oliver Mellors • 3 years ago Very iffy. Cotton Mather did not argue against the use of spectral evidence. Although he equivocated a bit, in the conclusion, he argued FOR using it in the trial. It was Increase Mather who notably contradicted his son - and beginning the downward spiral of the stature of Cotton Mather. Diana • 4 years ago I agree with you Bo Gardiner and the fact that they are targeting women mostly is just barbaric. IAB • 2 years ago In Scandinavia, it was 50/50 male/female and in Iceland almost 100% male Nelson Robison • 4 years ago The idea that any person can make a pact with an invisible malevolent being is quite ludicrous. There is no such thing as a "devil,Satan or witches." The use of trials to find and prosecute witches is the patriarchies means of oppressing women and keeping them in a subservient position to the men of the tribes. There is also the proposition that witches influence the "gods" for ill, makes absolutely no sense not even in the light of modernism but for a rational thinking person of ancient times, there was no reason to believe that witches existed and the premise that "spectral" evidence was valid could bring ignominy to a court as it did in the period of the Salem Trials. Hamlet's Fool • 3 years ago There is much more to this tragedy than the "patriarchy" oppressing women or the ignorance of 17th century Christians. While those things may play a part it is really more complex than that. There seems to be a need to explain the unexpected or deal with fears of "evil" (however defined) by finding guilty parties to punish. "Witch" trials happen today in the United States. Examples: the Day Care Sexual Abuse hysteria that resulted in several trials in the 1980s ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wik... where most convictions were overturned later, the Duke Lacrosse team "rape" trial of a few years ago (where the district attorney was debarred for misconduct), the campus "rape" hysteria of today (yes, rape happens, but not to the extent it is claimed -- claims that are not supported by crime statistics). Maybe we're not that much more advanced than our ancestors than we like to believe. Tamara Bedic • 1 year ago The term witch in this context is "a person who communes with the devil thereby achieving supernatural powers." ... You are applying the term to persons accused of sexual misconduct and later found innocent. Ky • 1 year ago This is why whenever I read some mitigation "well there was ergot poisoning so the accusers were having fits and visions, and the suspects were having fits and behaving suspiciously" it disgusts me. The search for a REASON people were behaving poorly is an effort to let us off the hook for being barbaric, selfish, and nasty. The accusers and judges were high on power and a so-called "righteous" reason to be horrible and sadistic. We do this today. We should see it for what it is and not try to excuse what was and is done as the result of some irresistible external force - medical or demonic. People are sh!ts and we need to actively try to NOT be horrible. Margo Kaufman • 9 months ago You are completely misssing the point. They aren't being horrible, they are explaining possible reasons why the girls were having fits, so that people DON'T think they were possessed by witches. While we're at it, I have Tourette syndrome. I frequently have muscle spasms and make weird noises. I have never been accused of being possessed or claimed someone nearby is a witch- because science has proved that that is not the case. Bo Gardiner • 4 months ago Good response. Yay science!sammyzoso • 1 month ago Yes thank God for science. We've come a long way since the 1600's and have a very long way to go yet to understand life and its mysteries here and in space. Liv • 4 years agoyou people ever consider if these women are actual witches? Kaly Madrid • 3 years agoi think its just because their mentality and their culture just didnt allow them to think or question what they are doing ... After all this is in the 1300 to the late 1600 ... They needed a an explanation tho why those things happened and their explanation was ... witchcraft and witches that were given power by satan to harm otherssammyzoso • 1 month agomany ordinary things that are proven by science were considered work of the gods or devil in history in europe and elsewhere. in some ways little has changed in that uneducated, uninformed people believe false or fake news is real. believing hillary clinton ran a sex ring out of a pizza parlor is just as bad or worse than thinking angry gods threw lightning bolts. God help us - please!Guest • 3 years ago Yellowjag • 3 years ago There was no US constitution till much later in 1776Sons of Liberty • 1 year ago Of course...it wasn't the U. S. at that time. Still British colonies. And the Puritans of Massachusetts Bay had very strict rules about everything and anything. Dan Lund • 3 years ago Please tell us you're joking... Raili • 2 years ago I'm a witch. Why is society so... Not accepting of that? Witches don't curse people or use "magic", though. We use energies to affect things in a positive way, it's hard to explain. Paganism has been around long before Christianity, and who knows how long witchcraft has been around. Search up 'Wicca' (but also I'd like to point out that not all Wiccans are witches and not all witches are Wiccan). Do your research peeps CMC • 1 year ago The Salem witch trials have nothing to do with Wicca or modern (or post Gardnerian if we're honest) witchcraft. Certainly people call themselves witches today but not in the 17th Century law court's sense of "witchcraft." What the women of Salem were accused of was not Wicca. Wiccans generally do not even believe in the devil- Salem "witches" we're believed to have signed a pact with him and used their powers to hurt people. Wiccans and witches today would be rightly offended if someone accused them of the things the Salem "witches" were. Do your research, too. Look up what these women were accused of and see if you've ever seen any of that in your coven. Bet you haven't. Blessed be. Tamara Bedic • 1 year ago No. The 20 people executed (14 of whom were women) denied being witches, denied harassing the teenagers, etc. Tituba was the only exception. But her "confession" was likely tortured out of her. Sons of Liberty • 1 year ago Well, one is currently running for president.rob smith • 1 year ago Warlock Drumpfy?barthomew • 3 years ago One reason for the preceding efforts against "witches" was because of some practice of paganism with its associated worship of nature and its stronger emphasis on the feminine. Christians tended to label that rival as coming from Satan. Note the illusion some accepted from science of the time: Jefferson cited phrenology, found in the science of the time, as supporting the inferiority of blacks and thus the morality of slavery, even as he cursed Jesuit and other priests. In contrast, Washington's reading lessons involved repeating exercises from the Jesuits and influenced his highly influential writing on what it takes to be a gentleman; and Washington freed his slaves with his will; Jefferson could not afford to do so because of the high debt he had that even led to his selling books for what became the Library of Congress. Darwin said in the name of his science of the time that maybe it was just as well that the Irish died out from the Potato Famine as part of the Survival of the Fittest (borrowed from economics) and Natural Selection. Father Pierre Teilhard de Chardin said in the 20th century that maybe the disappearance of the aborigines was also a good or at least necessary part of evolution; the Catholic Church did not accept that position of Darwin, nor of Teilhard. Note that David Halberstam said that Mc Carthy's charge of a few hundred Communists in the State Department was accurate; and contrary to any suggestion from Arthur Miller of a parallel with the witch trials, no one was executed by the government because of Mc Carthy's direct actions, even though the Rosenberg's were both guilty and executed. The bloodiest century in history was the 20th century. And responsible for the greatest percentage of the slaughters were the atheistic Communists of China and the Soviet Union and the atheistic National Socialists of Germany--all of whom basically made technology and economics into their false gods. O|oeeiieeo|O • 2 years ago I think our days version of the Salem witch trials is the 'The Satanic Panic' of the early 90's. Based on 'repressed memories' Men (and some women) all across the country were convicted of participating in ritual satanic abuse, killing babies and mass rapes. At one point, people thought every town had series Satanists doing horrible acts. Of course, it all turned out to be totally false. 'Repressed Memories' were shown to be completely unreliable, able to being unwittingly implanted by therapists in hypnosis. Perhaps the fact that women were the majority of the those accused in Salem says something about their time, and that the majority of those accused during the Satanic Panic were men says something about our time. Kaly Madrid • 3 years ago Witch hunting past is a horrifying yet interesting topic and it portrays how gullible someone without the proper education and information . It also shows how ignorance can affect thousands of people and how believes guide our society Rodrigo • 3 years ago In the Salem witch trials, the accusers, and the first accused, lived in Salem Village, which today is Danvers, MA. However, the trials occurred in Salem Town, modern-day Salem. Salem Possessed is key to understanding what happened in Salem Village. The social history classic presents the economic, political and social conflicts at work before and after the witch trials. As far as I know, there is no other book that examines primary sources in detail to identify the conflicts at work. Arial Hendrickson • 3 years ago I learned about these different factors in history. The factors that led to the Salem Witch trial turn out to be various and less random than some people think. Tamara Bedic • 1 year ago I agree ";Salem Possessed" is the Rosetta Stone as it were...nope • 4 years ago I always thought this had something to do with boredom and heavily strict religious rules. In these times books other than the bible were forbidden. Most toys-forbidden- dancing-forbidden-Christmas and other holiday celebrations were not what we think of today. I never thought about the rye and fungus. Interesting. Tamara Bedic • 1 year ago Ergot poisoning (or fantasies induced by ergot poisoning) is a theory Caporael proposed in 1976 to explain why the girls saw visions or felt persecuted. And while it's an interesting theory, why just Elizabeth Parrish and Abigail Williams? Weren't their parents/guardians also eating the same grain? Why just 1692: no evidence of ergot in prior or later years? It's too concentrated on female teenagers. Which is why I agree with your first premise-- boredom, a prank gone bad, rebellion, etc.roberta4343 • 4 years agoshameful, and funny thing superstitions still exist today but we treat them as fact, the reality is they believed those woman were witches because times were hard, there were crop failures and colder than normal wealther (the little ice age I have read and woman were easy targets, scapegoats as it were)they did not have other explanations, they were not any different then Indians who danced for rain which is preferable to murdering people on unfounded crimes. and in 100 years man made global warming (just substitute witches and warlocks for man), evolution, will be thought of as mythical and superstitious. and the idea that man will be able to solve the big problems of today like war,poverty, injustice, (they call it social justice or social injustice) will be looked as if people today were absolutely out of their minds, influenced by satan himself they go on believing in the lie, and what is sad many people love it that way. people prefer the darkness of satans world (it's counterfeit light) because it allows them to do whatever they want and believe whatever they want without fear of accountability to a Superior being. it means they can decide right and wrong on moral issues not their creator. remember this is what satan offered eve then adam the right of deciding what is morally right or just and what is immoral or wrong. the apostle paul spoke about people who preferred the lies over the truth, who loved the darkness over the light. these witch trials are just a long line of proving man cannot rule over himself each generation thinks they are more enlightened and would not easily fall prey ot lies and propaganda. but recent history proves this not to be the case. W3oodstock • 1 year ago"Since then, the story of the trials has become synonymous with paranoia and injustice, and it continues to beguile the popular imagination more than 300 years later. "Friends, this is the same kind of hysteria that Bush & Cheney used to, among other things, invade Iraq, out Valerie Plame Wilson, and get the Homeland Security Act through Congress without any serious questions being asked. And, more recently, it is being used to justify the NSA spying on us and for calling Mr. Snowden a traitor for revealing that more than felonious perfidy on the part of our government. Those ladies and gentlemen should be explaining to us why they broke their oaths to uphold the U. S. Constitution in order to spy on We The People. A government that spies on its citizens does not deserve to govern. Vote them all out of office as fast as possible. Uraniabce • 1 year ago Rape trials may as well be witch hunts the way survivors are targeted. http://uncannymagazine.com/... Phil A. • 3 years ago Ergotism is the effect of long term ergot poisoning, traditionally due to the ingestion of the alkaloids produced by the Claviceps purpurea fungus that infects rye and other cereals, and more recently by the action of a number of ergoline-based drugs. It is also known as ergotoxicosis, ergot poisoning and Saint Anthony's Fire. Ergot poisoning is a proposed explanation of bewitchment. (wikipedia: Ergotism)

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http://www.countrycallingcodes.com/country.php?country=United+States&state=North%20Carolina

United States Country Codes

United States Country Codes North Carolina State Flag North Carolina Area Codes To call North Carolina, dial the following: Exit Code + 1 + Area Code + The Number* Do not dial the plus (+) symbols Calling United States? Call NOW for just 1¢/min! No fees, we promise!North Carolina Information The United States country code is 1The local time in North Carolina, United States is (CLICK FOR TIME ZONES)Get the mobile country codes for North Carolina, United States. Information about North Carolina: North Carolina on Wikipedia The currency of United States is the United States Dollar. The capital of North Carolina is Raleigh Largest Cities in North Carolina by population: Charlotte, Raleigh, Greensboro, Winston-Salem, Durham, Fayetteville, Cary, Wilmington, High Point, Greenville United States Information: United States on Wikipedia The currency of United States is the United States Dollar. United States is often referred to as US or USA. The nationality of the United States is American. The capital of United States is Washington, D. C. Largest Cities in United States by population: New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, Philadelphia, Phoenix, San Antonio, San Diego, Dallas, San Jose United States Emergency Numbers For an emergency in United States, dial the following numbers: Medical - 911 Fire - 911 Police - 911Local Telephone Prefix:1 is the trunk code for United States More ways to call North Carolina United States: Call United States with Rebtel - Get $10 in free calls now!Area Code Map of North Carolina The US country code and North Carolina US area code chart below gives you the necessary information for calling American cities. For international dialing codes and detailed dialing instructions to North Carolina United States, use our drop down boxes at the top of this page or check out our easy-to-use country code search tool. First Page << 1 2 3 4 5 >> Last Page Area Codes 1-30 (of 761)North Carolina Cities North Carolina Area Codes Aberdeen 910Advance 336Ahoskie 252Alamance 336Albemarle 704 or 980Albertson 252 or 919Alexander 828Alexis 704Alliance 252Almond 828Altamahaw 336Andrews 828Angier 910 or 919Ansonville 704Apex 919Arapahoe 252Ararat 336Arden 828Ash 910Asheboro 336Asheville 704 or 828Atkinson 910Atlantic 252Atlantic Beach 252Aulander 252Aurora 252Autryville 910Avon 252Ayden 252Aydlett 252First Page << 1 2 3 4 5 >> Last Page Telephone Area Codes For North Carolina, United States

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meritocracy

Meritocracy

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages)This article is written like a personal reflection or opinion essay that states a Wikipedia editor's personal feelings about a topic. (March 2015)This article's lead section does not adequately summarize key points of its contents. (March 2015)This article needs additional citations for verification. (December 2010)Part of a series on Politics Primary topics Political systems Academic disciplines Public administration Policy Organs of government Related topics Subseriesv t e Meritocracy ( merit, from Latin mereō, and -cracy, from Ancient Greek κράτος kratos "strength, power") is a political philosophy which holds that certain things, such as economic goods or power, should be vested in individuals on the basis of talent, effort and achievement. [1] Advancement in such a system is based on performance, as measured through examination or demonstrated achievement. Although the concept of meritocracy has existed for centuries, the term itself was first created in 1958 by the sociologist Michael Young [2]. Contents1 Definitions1.1 Early definitions1.2 More recent definitions2 Etymology3 History3.1 Ancient times: China3.2 17th century: spread to Europe3.3 19th century3.4 20th century to today4 Modern meritocratic movements4.1 Osho4.2 The Meritocracy Party5 Criticism6 See also7 Notes8 References9 Further reading10 External links Definitions [ edit]Early definitions [ edit]The "most common definition of meritocracy conceptualizes merit in terms of tested competency and ability, and most likely, as measured by IQ or standardized achievement tests." [3] In government and other administrative systems, "meritocracy" refers to a system under which advancement within the system turns on "merits", like intelligence, credentials, and education. These are often determined through evaluations or examinations. [2]In a more general sense, meritocracy can refer to any form of evaluation based on achievement. Like " utilitarian " and " pragmatic ", the word "meritocratic" has also developed a broader connotation, and is sometimes used to refer to any government run by "a ruling or influential class of educated or able people." [4]This is in contrast to the original, condemnatory use of the term in 1958 by Michael Young in his work " The Rise of the Meritocracy ", who was satirizing the ostensibly merit-based Tripartite System of education practiced in the United Kingdom at the time; he claimed that, in the Tripartite System, "merit is equated with intelligence-plus-effort, its possessors are identified at an early age and selected for appropriate intensive education, and there is an obsession with quantification, test-scoring, and qualifications." [5]Meritocracy in its wider sense, may be any general act of judgment upon the basis of various demonstrated merits; such acts frequently are described in sociology and psychology. Supporters of meritocracy do not necessarily agree on the nature of "merit"; however, they do tend to agree that "merit" itself should be a primary consideration during evaluation. Thus, the merits may extend beyond intelligence and education to any mental or physical talent or to work ethic. As such meritocracy may be based on character or innate abilities. Meritocrats therefore reject evaluation on the basis of race, wealth, family circumstances, and similar criteria. In rhetoric, the demonstration of one's merit regarding mastery of a particular subject is an essential task most directly related to the Aristotelian term Ethos. The equivalent Aristotelian conception of meritocracy is based upon aristocratic or oligarchical structures, rather than in the context of the modern state. [6] [7]More recent definitions [ edit]In the United States, the assassination of President James A. Garfield in 1881 prompted the replacement of the American Spoils System with a meritocracy. In 1883, The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act was passed, stipulating government jobs should be awarded on the basis of merit through competitive exams, rather than ties to politicians or political affiliation. [8]The most common form of meritocratic screening found today is the college degree. Higher education is an imperfect meritocratic screening system for various reasons, such as lack of uniform standards worldwide, [9] [10] lack of scope (not all occupations and processes are included), and lack of access (some talented people never have an opportunity to participate because of the expense, most especially in developing countries ). [11] Nonetheless, academic degrees serve some amount of meritocratic screening purpose in the absence of a more refined methodology. Education alone, however, does not constitute a complete system, as meritocracy must automatically confer power and authority, which a degree does not accomplish independently. Etymology [ edit]Although the concept has existed for centuries, the term "meritocracy" is relatively new. It was used pejoratively by British politician and sociologist Michael Young in his 1958 satirical essay [2] [12] [13] [14] [15] The Rise of the Meritocracy, which pictured the United Kingdom under the rule of a government favouring intelligence and aptitude (merit) above all else, being the combination of the root of Latin origin "merit" (from "mereō" meaning "earn") and the Ancient Greek suffix "-cracy" (meaning "power", "rule"). [16] In this book the term had distinctly negative connotations as Young questioned both the legitimacy of the selection process used to become a member of this elite and the outcomes of being ruled by such a narrowly defined group. The essay, written in the first person by a fictional historical narrator in 2034, interweaves history from the politics of pre- and post-war Britain with those of fictional future events in the short (1960 onward) and long term (2020 onward). [17]The essay was based upon the tendency of the then-current governments, in their striving toward intelligence, to ignore shortcomings and upon the failure of education systems to utilize correctly the gifted and talented members within their societies. [18]Young's fictional narrator explains that, on the one hand, the greatest contributor to society is not the "stolid mass" or majority, but the "creative minority" or members of the "restless elite". [19] On the other hand, he claims that there are casualties of progress whose influence is underestimated and that, from such stolid adherence to natural science and intelligence, arises arrogance and complacency. [19] This problem is encapsulated in the phrase "Every selection of one is a rejection of many". [19]It was also used by Hannah Arendt in her essay "Crisis in Education", [20] which was written in 1958 and refers to the use of meritocracy in the English educational system. She too uses the term pejoratively. It was not until 1972 that Daniel Bell used the term positively. [21]History [ edit]Ancient times: China [ edit]Further information: Chinese Legalism According to scholarly consensus, the earliest example of an administrative meritocracy, based on civil service examinations, dates back to Ancient China. [22] [23] [24] [25] [a] The concept originates, at least by the sixth century BC, when it was advocated by the Chinese philosopher Confucius, who "invented the notion that those who govern should do so because of merit, not of inherited status. This sets in motion the creation of the imperial examinations and bureaucracies open only to those who passed tests." [26]As the Qin and Han dynasties developed a meritocratic system in order to maintain power over a large, sprawling empire, it became necessary for the government to maintain a complex network of officials. [27] Prospective officials could come from a rural background and government positions were not restricted to the nobility. Rank was determined by merit, through the civil service examinations, and education became the key for social mobility. [27] After the fall of the Han Dynasty, the nine-rank system was established during the Three Kingdoms period. According to the Princeton Encyclopedia on American History: [28]One of the oldest examples of a merit-based civil service system existed in the imperial bureaucracy of China. Tracing back to 200 B. C., the Han Dynasty adopted Confucianism as the basis of its political philosophy and structure, which included the revolutionary idea of replacing nobility of blood with one of virtue and honesty, and thereby calling for administrative appointments to be based solely on merit. This system allowed anyone who passed an examination to become a government officer, a position that would bring wealth and honor to the whole family. In part due to Chinese influence, the first European civil service did not originate in Europe, but rather in India by the British-run East India Company... company managers hired and promoted employees based on competitive examinations in order to prevent corruption and favoritism. Both Plato and Aristotle advocated meritocracy, Plato in his The Republic, arguing that the most wise should rule, and hence the rulers should be philosopher kings. [29]17th century: spread to Europe [ edit]The concept of meritocracy spread from China to British India during the seventeenth century, and then into continental Europe and the United States. [28] With the translation of Confucian texts during the Enlightenment, the concept of a meritocracy reached intellectuals in the West, who saw it as an alternative to the traditional ancient regime of Europe. [30]Voltaire and François Quesnay wrote favourably of the idea, with Voltaire claiming that the Chinese had "perfected moral science" and Quesnay advocating an economic and political system modeled after that of the Chinese. [30]The first European power to implement a successful meritocratic civil service was the British Empire, in their administration of India: "company managers hired and promoted employees based on competitive examinations in order to prevent corruption and favoritism." [28] British colonial administrators advocated the spread of the system to the rest of the commonwealth, the most "persistent" of which was Thomas Taylor Meadows, Britain's consul in Guangzhou, China. Meadows successfully argued in his Desultory Notes on the Government and People of China, published in 1847, that "the long duration of the Chinese empire is solely and altogether owing to the good government which consists in the advancement of men of talent and merit only," and that the British must reform their civil service by making the institution meritocratic. [31] This practice later was adopted in the late nineteenth century by the British mainland, inspired by "Chinese mandarin system." [32]The British philosopher and polymath John Stuart Mill advocated meritocracy in his book, Considerations on Representative Government. His model was to give more votes to the more educated voter. His views are explained in Estlund (2003:57–58): Mill's proposal of plural voting has two motives. One is to prevent one group or class of people from being able to control the political process even without having to give reasons in order to gain sufficient support. He calls this the problem of class legislation. Since the most numerous class is also at a lower level of education and social rank, this could be partly remedied by giving those at the higher ranks plural votes. A second, and equally prominent motive for plural voting is to avoid giving equal influence to each person without regard to their merit, intelligence, etc. He thinks that it is fundamentally important that political institutions embody, in their spirit, the recognition that some opinions are worth more than others. He does not say that this is a route to producing better political decisions, but it is hard to understand his argument, based on this second motive, in any other way. So, if Aristotle is right that the deliberation is best if participants are numerous (and assuming for simplicity that the voters are the deliberators) then this is a reason for giving all or many citizens a vote, but this does not yet show that the wiser subset should not have, say, two or three; in that way something would be given both to the value of the diverse perspectives, and to the value of the greater wisdom of the few. This combination of the Platonic and Aristotelian points is part of what I think is so formidable about Mill's proposal of plural voting. It is also an advantage of his view that he proposes to privilege not the wise, but the educated. Even if we agreed that the wise should rule, there is a serious problem about how to identify them. This becomes especially important if a successful political justification must be generally acceptable to the ruled. In that case, privileging the wise would require not only their being so wise as to be better rulers, but also, and more demandingly, that their wisdom be something that can be agreed to by all reasonable citizens. I turn to this conception of justification below. Mill's position has great plausibility: good education promotes the ability of citizens to rule more wisely. So, how can we deny that the educated subset would rule more wisely than others. But then why shouldn't they have more votes? Estlund goes on to criticize Mill's education-based meritocracy on various grounds.19th century [ edit]In the United States, the federal bureaucracy used the Spoils System from 1828 until the assassination of United States President James A. Garfield by a disappointed office seeker in 1881 proved its dangers. Two years later in 1883, the system of appointments to the United States Federal Bureaucracy was revamped by the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, partially based on the British meritocratic civil service that had been established years earlier. The act stipulated that government jobs should be awarded on the basis of merit, through competitive exams, rather than ties to politicians or political affiliation. It also made it illegal to fire or demote government employees for political reasons. [8]To enforce the merit system and the judicial system, the law also created the United States Civil Service Commission. [8] In the modern American meritocracy, the president may hand out only a certain number of jobs, which must be approved by the Senate. Australia began establishing public universities in the 1850s with the goal of promoting meritocracy by providing advanced training and credentials. The educational system was set up to service urban males of middle-class background, but of diverse social and religious origins. It was increasingly extended to all graduates of the public school system, those of rural and regional background, and then to women and finally to ethnic minorities. [33] Both the middle classes and the working classes have promoted the ideal of meritocracy within a strong commitment to "mate-ship" and political equality. [34]20th century to today [ edit]Singapore describes meritocracy as one of its official guiding principles for domestic public policy formulation, placing emphasis on academic credentials as objective measures of merit. [35]There is criticism that, under this system, Singaporean society is being increasingly stratified and that an elite class is being created from a narrow segment of the population. [36] Singapore has a growing level of tutoring for children, [37] and top tutors are often paid better than school teachers. [37] [38] [39] Defendants recall the ancient Chinese proverb "Wealth does not pass three generations" ( Chinese: 富不过三代 ), suggesting that the nepotism or cronyism of elitists eventually will be, and often are, replaced by those lower down the hierarchy. Singaporean academics are continuously re-examining the application of meritocracy as an ideological tool and how it's stretched to encompass the ruling party's objectives. Professor Kenneth Paul Tan at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy asserts that "Meritocracy, in trying to 'isolate' merit by treating people with fundamentally unequal backgrounds as superficially the same, can be a practice that ignores and even conceals the real advantages and disadvantages that are unevenly distributed to different segments of an inherently unequal society, a practice that in fact perpetuates this fundamental inequality. In this way, those who are picked by meritocracy as having merit may already have enjoyed unfair advantages from the very beginning, ignored according to the principle of nondiscrimination." [40]Meritocracy in the Singapore context relates to the application of pragmatism as an ideological device which combines strict adherence to market principles without any aversion to social engineering and little propensity for classical social welfarism, [41] is further illustrated by Kenneth Paul Tan in subsequent articles: There is a strong ideological quality in Singapore's pragmatism, and a strongly pragmatic quality in ideological negotiations within the dynamics of hegemony. In this complex relationship, the combination of ideological and pragmatic maneuvering over the decades has resulted in the historical dominance of government by the PAP in partnership with global capital whose interests have been advanced without much reservation. [42]Within the Ecuadorian Ministry of Labor, the Ecuadorian Meritocracy Institute [43] was created under the technical advice of the Singapore government. Most contemporary political theorists, including John Rawls, reject the ideal of meritocracy. [44] However, in recent years, Thomas Mulligan has defended meritocracy. [45] [46] [47] He argues that a just society is one in which there is equal opportunity and people are judged on their merits. Modern meritocratic movements [ edit]Osho [ edit]According to Osho, only persons with appropriate qualifications should be allowed to vote. Moreover, all politicians should have appropriate college or university degrees. Only the geniuses of the world should govern. Osho suggested that, first the various nations should become meritocracies, after which they could all be joined to form a global meritocracy. [48]The Meritocracy Party [ edit]In 2007 an anonymous British group called The Meritocracy Party published its first manifesto, to which they have now added more than two million words on the subject (discussing Hegel, Rousseau, Charles Fourier, Henri de Saint-Simon, and various other philosophers, scientists, reformers, and revolutionaries). In summary, The Meritocracy Party wants to achieve the following: A world in which every child gets an equal chance to succeed in life. The abolishment of party politics. Only those with a relevant education and work experience should be allowed to vote, rather than just anyone who has reached the age of 18 or 21. The introduction of 100% inheritance tax, so that the super-rich can no longer pass on their wealth to a select few (their privileged children). This would mean the end of the elite dynasties and hereditary monarchy. A radically reformed educational system, based on the MBTI personality types, and insights from radical innovators such as Rudolf Steiner and Maria Montessori. To replace free market capitalism with social capitalism and to replace democracy with a fully transparent meritocratic republic, under a meritocratic constitution. The end of nepotism, cronyism, discrimination, privilege and unequal chances. On their website The Meritocracy Party lists five meritocratic principles [49] and thirteen primary aims. The Meritocracy International is the host of all meritocratic political parties in the world and the place where these may be found by country of origin. [48]Criticism [ edit]See also: Just-world hypothesis The term "meritocracy" was originally intended as a negative concept. [50] One of the primary concerns with meritocracy is the unclear definition of "merit". [51] What is considered as meritorious can differ with opinions as on which qualities are considered the most worthy, raising the question of which "merit" is the highest—or, in other words, which standard is the "best" standard. As the supposed effectiveness of a meritocracy is based on the supposed competence of its officials, this standard of merit cannot be arbitrary and has to also reflect the competencies required for their roles. The reliability of the authority and system that assesses each individual's merit is another point of concern. As a meritocratic system relies on a standard of merit to measure and compare people against, the system by which this is done has to be reliable to ensure that their assessed merit accurately reflects their potential capabilities. Standardized testing, which reflects the meritocratic sorting process, has come under criticism for being rigid and unable to accurately assess many valuable qualities and potentials of students. Education theorist Bill Ayers, commenting on the limitations of standardized testing, writes that "Standardized tests can't measure initiative, creativity, imagination, conceptual thinking, curiosity, effort, irony, judgment, commitment, nuance, good will, ethical reflection, or a host of other valuable dispositions and attributes. What they can measure and count are isolated skills, specific facts and function, content knowledge, the least interesting and least significant aspects of learning." [52] Merit determined through the opinionated evaluations of teachers, while being able to assess the valuable qualities that cannot be assessed by standardized testing, are unreliable as the opinions, insights, biases, and standards of the teachers vary greatly. If the system of evaluation is corrupt, non-transparent, opinionated or misguided, decisions regarding who has the highest merit can be highly fallible. The level of education required in order to become competitive in a meritocracy may also be costly, effectively limiting candidacy for a position of power to those with the means necessary to become educated. An example of this was Chinese student self-declared messiah, Hong Xiuquan, who despite ranking first in a preliminary, nationwide imperial examination, was unable to afford further education. As such, although he did try to study in private, Hong was ultimately noncompetitive in later examinations and unable to become a bureaucrat. This economic aspect of meritocracies has been said to continue nowadays in countries without free educations, with the Supreme Court of the United States, for example, consisting only of justices who attended Harvard or Yale and generally only considering clerkship candidates who attended a top-five university, while in the 1950s the two universities only accounted for around one fifth of the justices. [53] Even if free education were provided, the resources that the parents of a student are able to provide outside of the curriculum, such as tutoring, exam preparation, and financial support for living costs during higher education will influence the education the student attains and the student's social position in a meritocratic society. This limits the fairness and justness of any meritocratic system. Another concern regards the principle of incompetence, or the " Peter Principle ". As people rise in a meritocratic society through the social hierarchy through their demonstrated merit, they eventually reach, and become stuck, at a level too difficult for them to perform effectively; they are promoted to incompetence. This reduces the effectiveness of a meritocratic system, the supposed main practical benefit of which is the competence of those who run the society. Meritocracy also has been criticized by egalitarians as a mere myth, which serves only to justify the status quo, with its proponents only giving lip service to equality. [54]In his book Meritocratic Education and Social Worthlessness (Palgrave, 2012), the philosopher Khen Lampert argued that educational meritocracy is nothing but a post-modern version of social Darwinism. Its proponents argue that the theory justifies social inequality as being meritocratic. This social theory holds that Darwin 's theory of evolution by natural selection is a model, not only for the development of biological traits in a population, but also as an application for human social institutions —the existing social institutions being implicitly declared as normative. Social Darwinism shares its roots with early progressivism, and was most popular from the late nineteenth century to the end of World War II. Darwin only ventured to propound his theories in a biological sense, and it is other thinkers and theorists who have applied Darwin's model to unequal endowments of human ambitions. See also [ edit]Civil service entrance examination Differential Education Achievement Educational entrance examination Elitism Equality of opportunity vs. Equality of outcome Meritocracy in China Merit (Buddhism)Merit (Catholicism)Ownership society Social mobility Technocracy Notes [ edit]^ This is the history of the meritocracy in the technical sense. The vaguer definition of a meritocracy as a "rule by intelligence" has been applied to many ancient Greek, Indian, Chinese, and Jewish thinkers and statesmen. For example, the Sanhedrin, the legislature of Ancient Israel and Kingdom of Judah, is sometimes called as an "intellectual meritocracy", in the sense that its members were drawn from religious scribes and not the aristocracy. [55] Appointment was self-perpetuating, however, and new members were chosen personally by existing members. [56] These are not meritocracies in the administrative sense, in which merit is determined objectively as a "tested competency or ability." [57]References [ edit]^ "Definition of merit". Dictionary.com.^ a b c Young, Michael (1958). The rise of the meritocracy, 1870-2033: An essay on education and inequality. London: Thames & Hudson. OCLC 3943639.^ Levinson, David; Cookson, Peter W.; Sadovnik, Alan R. (2002). Education and Sociology: An Encyclopedia. Taylor & Francis. p. 436. most common definition of meritocracy conceptualizes merit in terms tested competency and ability, and most likely as measured by IQ or standardized achievement tests^ "Definition of Meritocracy". Oxford Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 12 September 2011.^ Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thought. Fontana Press. 1988. p. 521.^ Aristot. Pol. 2.1261b^ Aristotle, (351 BC) Politics. Book Three Part IV. (Jowett, B., Trans)^ a b c "Civil Service Reform". Digital History. University of Houston. Retrieved 2016-02-19.^ What's College For? : The Struggle To Define American Higher Education; Zachary Karabell; ISBN 978-0-465-09152-2^ Journal of College Teaching & Learning – May 2008 Volume 5, Number 5 AACSB Accreditation^ Furlong, Andy; Cartmel, Fred. Higher education and social justice. Maidenhead: Open University Press. ISBN 978-0-335-22362-6.^ Young, Michael (29 June 2001). "Down with meritocracy: The man who coined the word four decades ago wishes Tony Blair would stop using it". The Guardian. London.^ Ford, Boris (1992). The Cambridge cultural history of Britain. Cambridge University Press. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-521-42889-7.^ Kamolnick, Paul (2005). The just meritocracy: IQ, class mobility, and American social policy. Westport CT: Praeger. p. 87. ISBN 978-0-275-97922-5.^ Best, Shaun (2005). Understanding Social Divisions. London: Sage. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-7619-4296-2.^ " " meritocracy" in the Online Etymology Dictionary". Retrieved 3 July 2013.^ Young, Michael (1958). p. 11.^ Young, Michael (1958). p. 13.^ a b c Young, Michael (1958). p. 15.^ "Crisis in Education" Archived 14 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine. (p. 4).^ Littler, Jo (20 March 2017). "Meritocracy: the great delusion that ingrains inequality". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 July 2017.^ Kazin, Edwards, and Rothman (2010), 142. One of the oldest examples of a merit-based civil service system existed in the imperial bureaucracy of China.^ Tan, Chung; Geng, Yinzheng (2005). India and China: twenty centuries of civilization interaction and vibrations. University of Michigan Press. p. 128. China not only produced the world's first "bureaucracy", but also the world's first "meritocracy"^ Konner, Melvin (2003). Unsettled: an anthropology of the Jews. Viking Compass. p. 217. China is the world's oldest meritocracy^ Tucker, Mary Evelyn (2009). "Touching the Depths of Things: Cultivating Nature in East Asia". Ecology and the environment: perspectives from the humanities. Harvard Divinity School: 51. To staff these institutions, they created the oldest meritocracy in the world, in which government appointments were based on civil service examinations that drew on the values of the Confucian Classics^ Sienkewicz, Thomas J. (2003). Encyclopedia of the Ancient World:. Salem Press. p. 434. Confucius invented the notion that those who govern should so because of merit and not inherited status, setting in motion the creation of the imperial examinations and bureaucracies open only to those who passed tests^ a b Burbank and Cooper (2010), 51.^ a b c Kazin, Edwards, and Rothman (2010), 142.^ See Estlund (2003) for a summary and discussion.^ a b Schwarz (1996), 229^ Bodde,, Derke. "China: A Teaching Workbook". Columbia University.^ Huddleston, Mark W. Boyer, William W. The higher civil service in the United States: quest for reform. (University of Pittsburgh Press, 1996), 9-10.^ Julia Horne, and Geoffrey Sherington, "Extending the educational franchise: the social contract of Australia's public universities, 1850-1890," Paedagogica Historica (2010) 46#1 pp 207-227^ Miriam Henry (1988). Understanding Schooling: An Introductory Sociology of Australian Education. Psychology Press. p. 81.^ Speech by Singapore Ambassador to France, 28 August 2008. Archived 2 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine.^ Ngiam Tong Dow (28 October 2006). "Singapore's elites". Little Speck. Archived from the original on 1 November 2006.^ a b "Growing trend of uplifting education business in Singapore". Free Library and Tuition. Retrieved 2016-10-25.^ "$1 billion spent on tuition in one year". Asia One. Retrieved 2016-10-25.^ "2015 Private Tuition Rates in Singapore | Epigami Blog". Epigami Blog. 2015-01-21. Retrieved 2016-10-25.^ Tan, Kenneth Paul (January 2008). "Meritocracy and Elitism in a Global City: Ideological Shifts in Singapore". International Political Science Review. 29 (7-27). doi: 10.1177/0192512107083445.^ "Opinion | How Singapore is fixing its meritocracy". Washington Post. Retrieved 2017-09-14.^ Tan, Kenneth Paul (9 Dec 2011). "The Ideology of Pragmatism: Neo-liberal Globalisation and Political Authoritarianism in Singapore". Journal of Contemporary Asia. 42 (1). doi: 10.1080/00472336.2012.634644.^ Web page of "Instituto Nacional de Meritocracia de Ecuador" , 12 March 2013.^ Rawls, John (1999). A Theory of Justice. Harvard University Press. pp. 91–92.^ Mulligan, Thomas (2018). Justice and the Meritocratic State. Routledge.^ Mulligan, Thomas. "Plural Voting for the Twenty First Century". The Philosophical Quarterly.^ Mulligan, Thomas (2018). "What's Wrong with Libertarianism: A Meritocratic Diagnosis". The Routledge Handbook of Libertarianism. Routledge.^ a b keran, kerai (29 May 2014). merit the idea of government: how the world should be run. football WC.^ Spartacus, Brother (2016-04-30). The Citizen Army. Lulu Press, Inc. ISBN 9781326642167.^ Fox, Margalit. "Michael Young, 86, Scholar; Coined, Mocked 'Meritocracy ' ". nytimes.com. NY Times. Retrieved 18 December 2016.^ Arrow, Bowles and Durlauf. Meritocracy and Economic Inequality. Princeton, 1999.^ To teach: the journey of a teacher, by William Ayers, Teachers College Press, 1993, ISBN 0-8077-3985-5, ISBN 978-0-8077-3985-3, pg. 116^ "Death by Degrees". n+1. n+1 Foundation, Inc. Retrieved 20 January 2015.^ Duffy, Jonathan (23 November 2004). "The rise of the meritocracy". BBC News.^ Elazar, Daniel Judah (1985). The Jewish polity: Jewish political organization from Biblical times to the present. Indiana University Press. p. 127.^ Novak, David (2005). The Jewish social contract: an essay in political theology. Princeton University Press. p. 134. The Sanhedrin were appointed by those who were members when there was a vacancy^ Levinson, David; Cookson, Peter W.; Sadovnik, lan R. (2002). Education and sociology: an encyclopedia. Taylor & Francis. p. 436. Further reading [ edit]Library resources about Meritocracy Resources in your library Resources in other libraries Burbank, Jane and Cooper, Frederick. (2010). Empires in World History: Power and the Politics of Difference. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-12708-5. Estlund, David. (2003). Why Not Epistocracy?. Kazin, Michael, Edwards, Rebecca, and Rothman, Adam. (2010). The Princeton Encyclopedia of American Political History Volume 2. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-12971-1. Kett, Joseph F. Merit: The History of a Founding Ideal From the American Revolution to the Twenty-First Century. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2012. ISBN 978-0801451225Schwarz, Bill. (1996). The expansion of England: race, ethnicity and cultural history. Psychology Pres. ISBN 0-415-06025-7. Khen Lampert, Meritocratic Education and Social Worthlessness, Palgrave-Macmillan, UK, 24 December 2012,; ISBN 1137324880External links [ edit]Wikiquote has quotations related to: Meritocracy Look up meritocracy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. The Meritocracy Party: Equal Opportunity for Every Child, organizes volunteers to bootstrap meritocracies in communities across the world. Quinion, Michael (2001-07-21). "World Wide Words: Meritocracy". World Wide Words. Retrieved 2016-02-17. Bent, Nick. "Time for a more inclusive and progressive definition of meritocracy". Progress Online. Archived from the original on 5 June 2008. Retrieved 17 February 2016.v t e Aspects of capitalism ( academic views)General Business cycle Competition Economic bubble Economic development Entrepreneurship Ecoprenuership Externalities Financial Revolution Globalization History of capitalist theory Industrial Revolution Innovation Invention Market failure Merit Multinational corporation Oligopoly Privatization Profit Property rights Regulation Wage labour Wealth Ideology American Dream Bipartisanship Democracy Free market Individualism Laissez-faire Liberalism Libertarianism Neoliberalism Cultural aspects Culture of capitalism Advertising Consumerism Decentralization Economic mobility Liberty Mainstream Philanthropy Private foundation Rule of law Social alienation Spontaneous order Social aspects Economic inequality Employment Freedom of association Labour market flexibility Labour supply Productivity Prosperity Social venture capital Unemployment Criticism Criticism Anti-capitalism Market fundamentalism Marxism Wage slavery Antithesis Anarchism Anarcho-syndicalism Communism Eco-socialism Libertarian socialism Mercantilism Post-scarcity economy Sharing economy Social anarchism Socialism Syndicalism Categories: Forms of government Liberalism Political neologisms Political philosophy Social philosophy Socio-economic mobility Affirmative action

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Whatâs best for financing home improvement?

Dear Dr. Don, We need to make some updates and improvements to our home as well as undertake a few cosmetic enhancements that will add to its appeal and market value based on our location and comparable homes in our immediate area. We expect the cost for these enhancements to be approximately $60,000 and are wondering about financing. We currently have a fixed-rate mortgage and a line of credit. The balance on the 4.95 percent fixed-rate mortgage is $21,000, and the monthly payment, including taxes, is $1,206. The line of credit is $200,000, has a rate of the prime minus 1.6 points (currently 1.65 percent), and the outstanding balance is $172,000. The draw period on the line expires in October 2017, at which time we must pay off the balance in 10 years. The estimated market value for a home like ours is $575,000. We are financially stable. Our gross income is $6,600 per month. We both have credit scores of about 769. We have three children: one in the third year of college, one entering college next year and one possibly entering college in a few years. Our question is: Considering the current favorable interest rates on mortgages and refinance products as well as equity lines and loans, what would be the most cost-effective way for us to finance the $60,000 for our home improvement work? It seems every bank we ask has its own agenda to serve, and it’s getting very complicated. We also find many bank loan officers are overwhelmed with requests and are impatient. We would appreciate your unbiased and straightforward feedback. Thank you, — Jeanne & Tom Dear Jeanne & Tom, Thank you for your well-described message. I have some suggestions, but also want to be clear: The solution isn’t absolutely clear-cut. Your goal should be to minimize your total interest expense over a time period that allows you to pay off the loans while meeting your other financial goals. How you can do that depends in part on your lenders’ willingness to work with you and your attitude toward interest rate risk. More On Home Improvement: Compare home equity rates Home equity calculator Refinance can fund home improvement I’m going to discuss the pros and cons of three options, along with some variations on these options: Ask the lender to increase your your home equity line of credit to $235,000. Do a cash-out first mortgage refinancing. Pay off the first mortgage with the available balance on your home equity line and then finance the home improvements with a new home equity loan. Credit where credit is due If you are able to increase the credit line to $235,000, you will have enough to take on the projects, you’ll hold on to the low interest rate on the debt, and you shouldn’t have to pay much, if any, in closing costs on the change to the loan. But the lender has to be willing to work with you. And note that you’ll be hanging on to the risk that the line’s interest rate could head higher in the future because it’s based on the prime rate. You can manage that risk by aggressively paying down the loan balance. Cash-out refi time A cash-out refinancing will pay off your existing first mortgage plus release money for your home improvements and repairs. The home equity line lender may have to agree to the refinancing. If it has to agree and won’t, then you can look into refinancing both the first mortgage and the line of credit. The bad news is you will lose the low rate on your home equity line. You’ll also pay the higher closing costs associated with a first mortgage. The good news is you will no longer face the interest rate risk on the line of credit, and you’ll be locking in at near-historic low rates on mortgage loans. Before you refi, make sure your credit is mortgage-ready. Get your free credit score and report from my Bankrate. Home is where the equity is Finally, you could look at taking out a home equity loan as a third mortgage. It’s called a third mortgage because it’s third in line to be paid in the case of foreclosure. It won’t be a third for long because you’ll pay off the first mortgage with the loan proceeds and have money to pay for your household projects. The closing costs should be minimal, but the interest rate will be higher than they are on your existing first mortgage. You’d take this approach if you wanted to hold on to the home equity line and if that lender won’t sign off on the cash-out first mortgage refinancing. It’s difficult to come up with definitive solutions when you incorporate an adjustable-rate loan into the equation. You know your needs and comfort levels more than I could ever hope to. Which approaches are the lenders willing to discuss, and how willing are you to take on the risk of higher interest rates in the future to hold on to relatively low adjustable-rate debt over the next few years? Talk over these options with your lenders, and the best home improvement financing approach will rise to the surface like cream. Ask the adviser To ask a question of Dr. Don, go to the “ Ask the Experts ” page and select one of these topics: “Financing a home,” “Saving & Investing” or “Money.” Read more Dr. Don columns for additional personal finance advice. Bankrate’s content, including the guidance of its advice-and-expert columns and this website, is intended only to assist you with financial decisions. The content is broad in scope and does not consider your personal financial situation. Bankrate recommends that you seek the advice of advisers who are fully aware of your individual circumstances before making any final decisions or implementing any financial strategy. Please remember that your use of this website is governed by Bankrate’s Terms of Use. Related Links: Get tax deduction for using home equity line of credit to help son with his home purchase? How much equity can you cash out of your home? What it takes to borrow from home equity Related Articles:2nd home: Equity or cash?3 ways to lose a HELOCCan I deduct home equity? You may also like7 crucial facts about FHA loans Mortgages that require no down payment Foreclosed homes -- 5 tips for buying Can seller back out of home sale contract?9 grants and programs to help you buy your first home5 first-time homebuyer mistakes to avoid

D1280907

https://ip19216801.org/

192.168.0.1

192.168.0.1192.168.0.1 IP is an IP address used by Netgear and D-Link routers to identify themselves on the network. http://192.168.0.1 could be entered into browser address bar to access router settings page. There you can change router default password, Wi-Fi settings, security settings of your network and many more. Also on the settings page you can monitor connection of your router to the internet, reset router and connection settings or change firewall settings Connecting to your router In order to connect to your router try going to http://192.168.0.1. If this doesn't work then your IP router has a different address which you can look up by visiting Router IP address lookup guide page. To access your router settings page you don’t need an active internet connection. You just need to type an IP address which is used by your router for administration. In case of Netgear and D-Link routers this address is 192.168.0.1 (sometimes misspelled as 192.168.o.1). For other routers this address could be different (for example for Linksys it is 192.168.1.1). To check if your router is actually using 192.168.0.1 IP address you need to perform following steps.192.168.0.1 Login Default login for D-Link Router Unless your internet provider changed default username and password following login details should work for 192.168.0.1:- Username: admin- Password: blank Default login for Netgear Router Unless your internet provider changed default username and password following login details should work for 192.168.0.1:- Username: admin- Password: password or 1234How to change your router password It is important that you change your router password so no one is able to access and reconfigure your router. Make sure to write down new username and password. Below are the steps require to change your router password:- First you need to login to the router control panel by typing in router default IP address (for example 192.168.o.1). If you don't know router default IP address please use instructions in "How to find your router IP address" section.- You should see a username and password prompt. Enter a username and password for the router and click "Login". Router administration interface will load.- Look for the security or administrative tab in the router administration interface. There you will see a link to "Change password". Click on it and type your password twice there. Make sure your password is strong. To make your password stronger you can use online password generators.

D3110161

https://www.quora.com/How-many-Academy-Awards-is-Star-Wars-Episode-VII-likely-to-win

How many Academy Awards is 'Star Wars: Episode VII' likely to win?

Jennifer Quail, Full-time Star Wars geek Answered Jan 28, 2016It probably SHOULD win all five it's nominated for, but will likely lose Editing and Sound Editing, at least, to Mad Max: Fury Road (as that one will probably get consolation technical awards as no matter how many people like its "feminist" message or whatever, it's not winning Best Picture.) It DESERVES Best Original Score, far and away, over the other nominees, but the big worry is the other deserving nominee, Morricone, will split the vote with Williams and it'll go to a third option. At the very least it should get Visual Effects for being one of the best mixes of practical and computer effects, for some incredible innovation (the powder-to-bread 'portion' Rey makes for dinner is a real, physical, practical effect they created for the movie, and I want to know EXACTLY how they did it) and for seamless tying to previous films even when they could have skipped it or done it a lot more easily (original effects artists Murren and Tippet completely rebuilt the holographic chess set using the original maquette skeleton from the Lucasfilm archives and filmed the new sequence using the same stop-motion technique they did in 1977. Including an in-joke involving the move shown-the figure who 'lost' in 1977 beats up the figure who beat him this time. For a scene that lasts 20 seconds, tops. )826 Views · View Upvoters

D2851841

https://freezingblue.com/flashcards/print_preview.cgi?cardsetID=246515

Final Exam GOVT

Home Flashcards Preview Final Exam GOVTThe flashcards below were created by user calbry1103 on Freezing Blue Flashcards . Quizi OSAndroid More The Declaration of Independence states that when a government created by “the consent of the governed” fails to protect their rights, the people have the right toalter or abolish such government The issue of prayers at school graduations and ball games was addressed by the Supreme Court in Santa Fe v. Doe. The position of the Court was thatthe prayer is unconstitutionalbecause it appears to be a state endorsement of religion. Provisions of the Ninth and Tenth Amendmentsconvey divisions of power between state and federal governments In the twentieth century the Supreme Court became increasingly more willing to protect individuals against intrusive state actions. What instrument gave the Supreme Court this authority? The Fourteenth Amendment’s dueprocess clause The Sixth Amendment to the U. S. Constitution guaranteesin all criminal cases the accused shall … have the assistance of Counsel forhis defense In the case of Barron v. Baltimore (1833) a private citizen attempted to apply the U. S. Constitution’s Fifth Amendment as the basis for a state level civil suit. The court’s rulingmade the U. S. Bill of Rights not applicable to the state governments In the case of Griswold v. Connecticut, the Supreme Court held thatprovisions of the Bill of Rightsand the Fourteenth Amendment create a “zone of privacy.”In the 1940s and 1950s, members of the Communist party were convicted for their advocacy of _______, or calling for the overthrow of an existing system of governmentsedition The Fourth Amendment has been used in defense of theright of the people to be secure against unreasonable searches and seizures The idea that the best test for truth is to present all arguments, valid and invalid, is an example ofthe “marketplace of ideas.”The legal rule requiring that all evidence illegally obtained by police in violation of the Bill of Rights must be excluded from admission in a court of law is called theexclusionary rule. Why did the Framers of the Constitution, such as James Madison, believe that a Bill of Rights to guarantee individual rights was unnecessary at the federal level? They believed the federalgovernment had only the powers it was explicitly given. Who makes the determination that a particular action or law is in violation of the free exercise clause of the First Amendment? The U. S. Supreme Court Charles Schenck, a leader of the American Socialist Party, was jailed for distributing anti-draft leaflets during the early months of American involvement in World War I. In the case of Schenck v. United States, the Supreme Court rejected Schenck’s request for release and thus established the test of free speech thatspeech may be restricted when a “clear and present danger” exists The primary purpose of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was toremove artificial barriers to voter participation such as literacy tests andpoll taxes Passive resistance to a law that is perceived as unjust by refusing to obey it is known as acivil disobedience. The Civil War Amendments were a series of three race-related Constitutional Amendments. These amendments were the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth. Which type of law, passed in southern states during Reconstruction, required a payment to the government before an individual could be allowed to vote? Poll tax Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 whichbanned discrimination in accommodations, both public and private, andemployment A social condition in which members of different groups possess substantially the same rights to participate actively in the political system is referred to aspolitical equality Which term refers to equality and fair treatment within the various institutions, both public and private that serve the public at large? Social equality Among other provisions, the Fourteenth Amendment provided forfull citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States In the “Civil Rights Cases” the Supreme Court held thatprivate individuals maydiscriminate on the basis of race. Which term applied to the variety of laws enacted by state and local governments across the South in the late 1800s and early 1900s that required and enforced racial segregation? Jim Crow laws The purpose of the Twenty-fourth Amendment, ratified in 1964, was toprohibit the use of state poll taxes in federal elections Which of the following is NOT true of public opinion polls? They are the only means ofreliably expressing public opinion. An unscientific poll that gathers the opinions of people who are conveniently available in a particular gathering place is calleda straw poll. The most common method used to determine public opinion is Answerthe public opinion poll. Many scholars use as a general definition of public opinion thesummation of individual opinionson any particular topic. What is the normal confidence interval percentage with a poll?95 percent Often there are many factors and institutions that have a particularly relevant impact on one’s socialization to politics. These factors and institutions are known asagents of political socialization According to the National Council on Public Polls, which of the following need NOT be disclosed about any poll that is released publicly? The names of interviewers Which of the following is true concerning the political orientations of Americans? Political orientations tend to bevery stable and lasting. According to most research, how long is the process of acquiring political values, beliefs, and opinions? A lifelong process beginning inchildhood The amount of error in a poll that results from interviewing a group of people rather than the whole population under study is referred to assampling error. Beyond an “iron triangle,” a broader set of actors who all have a vested interest in an area of public policy and try to collectively influence their policy area is generally referred to asan issue network. Three sets of actors interact to produce policy: congressional committees, executive agencies of government, and private interest groups. This grouping of actors and interests is referred to as theiron triangle While membership numbers are important to an interest group, the wealth of its members is also important. This is becausewealth impacts the level of financial contributions to political campaigns During periods of rapid growth in federal spending, such as the New Deal of the 1930s and the Great Society of the 1960s, what has been the corresponding response of interest groups? The number of organized and active interest groups increased significantly Which of the following would NOT be included in a list of economic interest groups? Animal rights groups Which of the following would NOT be an advantage of interest group activity? Interest groups work to concentrate benefits for the few while distributingcosts to the many How many Americans are estimated as belonging to at least one interest group? Answer Approximately 80 percent Between 1960 and 2000, the number of official associations (interest groups) increased by about400 percent An organization of people with shared goals that tries to influence public policy through a variety of activities is calledan interest group. Which theory says that public policy largely results from a variety of interest groups competing with one another to promote laws that benefit members of their respective groups? Pluralism How are interest groups legally protected in the United States? Through the First Amendment ofthe U. S. Constitution, which guarantees the right of the people “to peaceablyassemble and petition the government for redress of grievances”Often an individual will join and support a certain interest group to receive tangible advantages from that membership. These advantages are referred to asmaterial benefits Which of the following is NOT a method that interest groups use to lobby for their causes? Boycotting businesses Which of the following is the most influential interest group that lobbies for the needs of the elderly? American Association for Retired People (AARP)Which theory says that public policy is a product of whatever the majority of citizens prefer? Majoritarianism The period between the national party conventions in the summer of the presidential election year and the actual election in November is referred to as thegeneral election campaign. A handful of states do not hold elections for individual parties to select their candidates. Instead, the party members are invited to attend local meetings at which they choose delegates who make a commitment to a candidate for the party nomination. This process is calledthe caucus How does a candidate “win” the presidency in the Electoral College? He/she must receive an outrightmajority of all electoral votes. The term “battleground state” refers to a state thateither party has a chance ofwinning in the presidential election. Which of the following is NOT a major source of campaign funding? Foreign investors All states have a minimum of three electoral votes. The state with the most electoral votes in the Electoral College is California. Campaign contributions that go directly to the candidate are calledhard money. In 1824 Andrew Jackson was the first presidential candidate in American history to win the popular vote but not win a majority of the Electoral College vote. What happened as a result? The House of Representativesselected the president from the top vote getters. The final determination of which candidate wins the presidential election is based uponthe official results of the votes cast by electors in the Electoral College A statewide election that selects delegates who will represent the state at the party’s national convention is called apresidential primary. Most states require that voters declare their party affiliation ahead of time and, at the time of voting, can only vote in that party’s election. This process is calleda closed primary Which of the following is NOT true of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002? It requires that all federal candidates accurately disclose campaigncontributions One theory states that certain elections can produce sharp changes in patterns of party loyalty among voters, such as the election of 1860 in which Abraham Lincoln won the presidency. This theory is calledcritical election theory. In regards to political parties, the term ”de-alignment” refers tothe decline in voter attachment to both parties Which of the following was NOT a purpose of the earliest national party conventions? Forum for open debate between thetwo major national political parties Woodrow Wilson’s victory in 1912 was the only Democratic presidential win between 1896 and 1932. To what do most experts credit Wilson’s win? A third-party campaign by former Republican president Theodore Roosevelt If a third-party candidate has no expectation of winning an election, what would be a positive reason for him/her to run for the presidential office? To raise awareness of aparticular ideology or cause Which of the following is NOT a function of political parties? Establishing networks of businessrelationships Which of the following is true of voter turnout? Women are slightly more inclined to vote than men Which of the following is NOT an explanation for low voter turnout? The rise in general “socialcapital”What constitutional amendment guarantees women equal voting rights with men? Nineteenth Amendment In the 1828 presidential election Andrew Jackson won decisively. Which of the following was NOT a result of this important election? It solidified a one-party system by making it difficult to oppose this dominantparty What constitutional amendment lowered the voting age to 18 in all local, state, and federal elections? Twenty-sixth Amendment The Whig Party was a dominant party for the 20 years immediately preceding the Civil War By the 1850s the Whig Party began to witness serious divisions that led to its demise. What was the basis of this split? Serious differences over thelegality and morality of slavery The person regarded as the father of the national party system is Andrew Jackson. The presidential proclamation of 1823 that there should be no further attempts to colonize North and South America by European powers is known as the Monroe Doctrine A foreign policy that is the opposite of isolationism, one that advocates economic and military actions to secure boundaries and interests worldwide is known asinternationalism. Which political ideology opposes American interventions in distant wars or involvement in permanent military alliances? Isolationism The “preemption doctrine” can be understood asthe right of the U. S. use advance strikes to stop states from developing WMDs Which of the following is NOT a basis of the president’s increased power over foreign policy? He has been given extensive andspecific constitutional powers to undertake the responsibilities of conductingforeign policy. Though World War I began in Europe in 1914, the United States did not enter the war until 1917. The primary reason for this delay was due to the fact that the United Statesadvocated and pursued a policy of isolationism and neutrality The “new world order” declared by president George H. W. Bush in 1991 referred tonumerous nations working togetherfor collective peace, security, and the rule of law. Which of the following is NOT a program of the U. S. Department of State? Oversight of homelandsecurity Politicians and presidential advisors who call for aggressive military action wherever hostile forces may be found are often referred to ashawks. What term is used to describe a nation’s activities directed at relations with other countries? Foreign policy What is the executive body that plays a critical role in formulating and implementing U. S. foreign policy through management of the nation’s military? Department of Defense Policy that deals with how to raise revenue through taxation and how to spend the revenue generated is calledfiscal policy. In the policy making process, the recognition/definition stage is one in which theobjectives to be fulfilled and goals to be pursued are first identified anddefined The amount of money spent by the government over and above what it collects in taxes and other revenue in a single year is referred to asbudget deficit. Medicaid was designed to provide healthcare to thepoor. In the policy making process, the stage in which the policy under consideration assumes the authority of law through an act of Congress or regulations issued by administrative agencies is called the ________ stage.adoption The period in which the budget process must be completed from start to finish isthe first Monday in Februarythrough October 1. In the policy making process, the stage in which the policy is assessed for its worth and effectiveness in meeting its original objectives and goals is called the __________ stage. Answerevaluation Regulation of the money supply and interest rates by a central bank, such as the U. S. Federal Reserve Board, in order to control inflation and stabilize currency is calledmonetary policy What is one practical use by the federal government for the Consumer Price Index (CPI)? It helps determines the cost ofliving increases in federal social security benefits. An economic slowdown characterized by higher unemployment, reduced productivity, or some other negative economic indicators is known as Answerrecession. Which of the following is NOT a purpose of the federal budget? It sets limits on theprofitability of key industries and service companies. Approximately how long after the creation of social security were Medicare and Medicaid added to the American social welfare system?30 years What are guaranteed government benefits that certain citizens depend upon for subsistence? Answer Entitlements A set of laws, regulations, and rules that affect the whole of society is referred to aspublic policy. Author: calbry1103ID: 246515Card Set: Final Exam GOVTUpdated: December -2147483629, 1969Tags: GOVTDescription: Final Exam GOVTShow Answers:

D3409631

https://www.zillow.com/cook-county-il/home-values/

Cook County Home Prices & Values

Zillow Home Value Index$215,7002.2% 1-year change 2.1% 1-year forecast The median home value in Cook County is $215,700. Cook County home values have gone up 2.2% over the past year and Zillow predicts they will rise 2.1% within the next year. The median list price per square foot in Cook County is $177, which is higher than the Chicago Metro average of $154. The median price of homes currently listed in Cook County is $265,000 while the median price of homes that sold is $248,500. The median rent price in Cook County is $1,695, which is higher than the Chicago Metro median of $1,650. Read more

D840828

http://www.steelbuilding.com/buildings/panel_profiles.htm

.

Metal Building Panel Profiles"PB" Panels All the paneling STEELBUILDING. COM sells for use with commercial steel buildings has purlin bearing or "PB" profiles. Unlike standard profiles, PB profiles have an extended leg on the under lapping edge (see diagrams below). This extra reinforcement offers several advantages for roofs and walls. The panel laps are easier to align and stitch together properly, so the panels install more quickly and look better when done. On roofs, the bearing leg protects against foot-traffic damage and helps prevent the panel from "rolling" and perhaps creating leaks. Roof Panel Profiles for Metal & Commercial Buildings STEELBUILDING. COM's standard roof sheeting is the PBR panel, which is available in GALVALUME? as well as a variety of colors. The "R" profile has long been an industry standard and is installed on most metal buildings. Metal Building Wall Panel Profiles STEELBUILDING. COM's standard wall sheeting is PBR panel. We also offer PBA architectural panel. The "A" profile partially conceals the fasteners, which are only visible to someone directly facing the wall, and it creates a very attractive shadow pattern (it is often called "shadow panel"). PBR and PBA panels are made from the same coil stock, have the same specifications and cost the same per sheet. However, the PBA profile usually adds a little to the price of a metal building because less of the panel contacts the girts, so we have to add extra bracing to compensate for the loss of diaphragm effect (for more information on diaphragm action, see the framing section). Liner/Partition Panel Profiles for Metal Buildings For liner panels, STEELBUILDING. COM offers a choice of PBR or PBU. PBU panel is also available for walls as a Special Quote option at the same price as PBR. The 'shadow' profile of "PBA" panel

D3185925

https://quizlet.com/16240968/eukaryotic-cell-division-cell-cycle-mitosis-flash-cards/

Eukaryotic Cell Division: Cell Cycle & Mitosis

10 terms bwarman Eukaryotic Cell Division: Cell Cycle & Mitosis Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Describe the phases of the eukaryotic cell cycle. Why is important to time cell growth and division? Do all cells have the same timing? Cell Cycle - order of events from "birth" to "division" of a cell Interphase - cell spends most time here - G1 phase (growth) - S Phase (DNA replication) - G2 (more growth) Mitotic Phase - Mitosis - Cytokinesis - It is important to time cell growth and division because some cells need to divide quicker than others. Not all cells have the same timing because -some cells divide only a few times -some cells divide many times during their lifetime What are cell cycle check points? Why are they important? Why is the default signal "stop"? - cell cycle checkpoints are points in the cell cycle in which it is made sure that the cell has what is necessary to continue on to the next phase - the default signal is stop so that each cell must be checked and receive a "go" signal What are the purposes of mitosis? What is the result? - Purpose of mitosis is to repair/replace cells, growth & development, and asexual reproduction (in some eukaryotes) - Produces two genetically identical daughter cells Describe the basic structure of a chromosome before and after replication. What are sister chromatids? Why is it important that they are held together by proteins? When not replicating, chromosomes look like a "soup" of strands in the nucleus of the cell (chromatin) - When replication begins, chromosomes compact (condense) into structures known as sister chromatids - Held together by proteins that also serve as the sight where microtubules will attach to separate sister chromatids Why do chromosomes condense prior to cell division? Chromosomes condense in order to make it easier for the sister chromatids to move to opposite side of the cell ("what is easier to move, spaghetti or a ball of yarn? ")What is the cytoskeleton? What roles do microtubules and microfilaments play in the process of mitosis? - The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers in the cytoplasm of cells - has many functions -- microtubules: control movement of chromosomes (form mitotic spindle) -- microfilaments: forms contracting ring that "splits" cells into two during cytokinesis Describe what happens during the phases of mitosis (you do not need to know the name of each phase, just the order in which events occur, and the purpose of each step). 1) Chromosomes condense, mitotic spindle forms 2) Nuclear envelope breaks down, spindle microtubules attach to chromosomes 3) Spindle microtubules line up chromosomes at center of cell 4) Sister chromatids are pulled apart and "walked" to opposite ends of the cell 5) Nuclear envelopes form around chromosomes at each end 6) Microfilaments "pinches" cell in half, resulting in two identical diploid daughter cells Why is it necessary for the nuclear envelope to break down? Why do sister chromatids get attached to microtubules on opposite sides of the cell? It is necessary for the nuclear envelope to break down so that spindle microtubules can attach to the chromosomes and so that they can be separated and pulled to opposite sides of the cell Predict what might happen if a chromosome doesn't walk properly. Do you think a walking chromosome is an exergonic or endergonic process? - If a chromosome does not walk properly to the opposite side of the cell, one cell could end up with two sets of a chromosome while the other cell has no copies of that chromosome - Walking a chromosome is an endergonic process, because it requires an input of energy to move the chromosomes from the center of the cell to the opposite ends What is cytokinesis? Why and how is it different in plant and animal cells? - Cytokinesis is the division of cytoplasm that occurs as the last phase of cell division - In plant cells, instead of microfilaments "pinching" the cell in two, vesicles form a cell wall that eventually divides the cell in two

D2910347

https://www.bikeforums.net/singlespeed-fixed-gear/414942-spray-paint-any-good-way-make-durable-harden-up.html

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05-05-08, 04:36 PM # 1spray2020Senior Member Thread Starter Join Date: Mar 2008Location: philadelphia Bikes: Posts: 221Mentioned: 0 Post (s)Tagged: 0 Thread (s)Quoted: 0 Post (s)Spray Paint: any good way to make it durable? (harden up)So I have a spare frame that I spray painted, and I am trying to figure out how to make the paint a little more durable. I used painters touch paint (i like their color selection) I have only painted the fork so far-- so far it has sat for a day, I left it outside to dry in the morning sun, I used a heat gun on it twice- will letting it sit for a week harden it up? I thought about using an oven to bake the paint, but i really could only do the fork, not the frame- anyone have any suggestions, experience with this?

D2821517

https://www.emedicinehealth.com/irritable_bowel_syndrome/article_em.htm

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Test, Symptoms, Diet, and Treatments

What Is Irritable Bowel Syndrome (Definition and Facts)? What Causes IBS? What Are the Signs and Symptoms of IBS? Who Gets IBS? Are IBS and IBD the Same Bowel Condition? When Should You Seek Medical Care for IBS? How Do You Know If You Have IBS - Tests? What Natural Home Remedies and Diet Changes Treat and Relieve IBS Symptoms? What Medications Treat IBS Symptoms? What Medications Treat Individuals That Don't Respond to IBS Drugs? Which Specialties of Doctors Treats IBS? Is There a Specific Diet Plan for a Person with IBS? What Foods Should You Avoid If You Have IBS? What Other Lifestyle Changes Help Relieve IBS symptoms? What Are the Complications of Irritable Bowel Syndrome? Can Irritable Bowel Syndrome Be Prevented? What Is the Outlook for a Person with IBS? What Is Irritable Bowel Syndrome (Definition and Facts)? Readers Comments 2 Share Your Story Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder. IBS is not the same as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a more serious condition that causes inflammation in the digestive tract and can result in severe complications. Symptoms of IBS includeabdominal cramping or pain,bloating,gassiness, andaltered bowel habits (alternating periods of diarrhea and constipation ). The cause of irritable bowel syndrome is currently unknown. It is thought to result from a combination of abnormal gastrointestinal (GI) tract movements, increased awareness of bodily functions, and a disruption in the communication between the brain and the GI tract. IBS-D is irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea. Symptoms most common with IBS-D include: Sudden urges to have bowel movements Abdominal pain or discomfort Intestinal gas (flatulence)Loose stools Frequent stools Feeling of being unable to completely empty bowels Nausea IBS-C is irritable bowel syndrome with constipation. Symptoms most common with IBS-C include: Hard, lumpy stools Straining during bowel movements Infrequent stools There is a new blood test that may help doctors diagnose some forms of irritable bowel syndrome. IBS is diagnosed by exclusion, which means a doctor considers other alternatives first, performing tests to rule out other medical problems. Home remedies for IBS include avoiding certain foods that "trigger" or worsen diarrhea, bloating and gas such as cruciferous vegetables (for example, cauliflower, wasabi, kale, and broccoli), and legumes (for example, black beans, edamame, soy nuts, and fava beans). Other home remedies to relieve symptoms of IBS include adding fiber to the diet, drinking plenty of water, avoiding soda, eating smaller meals, and eating more low fat and high carbohydrate foods. There is currently no known cure for IBS. Medical treatment for irritable bowel syndrome includes antispasmodic medicines, antidiarrheal medicines, antidepressants, laxatives, and other drugs. Irritable bowel syndrome is a chronic (long-term) disease, and symptoms usually recur. Irritable bowel syndrome has also been called spastic colon, functional bowel disease, and mucous colitis though. IBS is not a true "colitis." The term colitis refers to a different group of conditions such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, microscopic colitis, and ischemic colitis. These are other types of bowel disease. What Causes IBS? IBS is not contagious, inherited, or cancerous. It occurs more often in women than in men, and the onset occurs before the age of 35 in about half of the cases. IBS occurs in 5% to 20% of children. IBS also has developed after episodes of gastroenteritis. It has been suggested that IBS is caused by dietary allergies or food sensitivities, but this has not been proven. Genetics also is suggested as a potential cause of IBS, but so far a hereditary link has not been found. Symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome may worsen during periods of stress or during menstruation, but these factors are unlikely to be the cause that leads to the development of IBS. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Slideshow Pictures Digestive Disease Myths Slideshow Pictures Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Quiz What Are the Signs and Symptoms of IBS? Readers Comments 20 Share Your Story IBS affects each person differently. The hallmark of IBS in adults and children is abdominal discomfort or pain. The following signs and symptoms also are common: Abdominal cramping and pain that are relieved with bowel movements Alternating periods of diarrhea and constipation Those who mostly have diarrhea as a symptom are considered to have IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D), characterized by sudden urges to have bowel movements, along with loose stools, , frequent stools, abdominal pain and discomfort, gas, and the feeling of being unable to completely empty the bowels. In severe cases of IBS-D, individuals may lose control of their bowels. Those who mostly have constipation as a symptom are considered to have IBS with constipation (IBS-C), characterized by passage of hard, lumpy stools, straining during bowel movements, and infrequent stools Change in the stool frequency or consistency Gassiness (flatulence)Passing mucus from the rectum Bloating Abdominal distension Loss of appetite Though not a symptom of IBS, indigestion affects up to 70% of people with IBS. The following are NOT signs and symptoms or characteristics of IBS (but should still be brought to the attention of a health-care professional since they may be signs and symptoms of other conditions): Blood in stools or urine Black or tarry stools Vomiting (rare, though may occasionally accompany nausea)Pain or diarrhea that interrupts sleep Fever Weight loss Who Gets IBS? Risk factors for IBS include: Abnormal (too fast or slow, or too strong) movements of the colon and small intestines Hypersensitivity to pain caused by gas or full bowels A viral or bacterial infection of the stomach and intestines (gastroenteritis)Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO)Reproductive hormones or neurotransmitters may be off-balance in people with IBS. Anxiety or depression may accompany IBS, though these have not been found to be a direct cause of IBS. Are IBS and IBD the Same Bowel Condition? Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are not the same condition. Technically, IBS is not a disease, but rather a functional disorder (abnormal function of the bowels) that results in a group of symptoms. Irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease can have similar symptoms, but IBS is less serious than IBD. IBS does not cause inflammation, intestinal bleeding, rectal bleeding, ulcers, permanent damage to the intestines, or complications that can occur with IBD. When Should You Seek Medical Care for IBS? If a person has any of the symptoms of IBS as discussed previously, or if a person with known IBS has unusual symptoms, a health-care professional should be consulted. Go to a hospital emergency department if problems are severe and/or come on suddenly. How Do You Know If You Have IBS - Tests? Readers Comments 14 Share Your Story IBS can be difficult to diagnose. IBS is called a diagnosis of exclusion, which means a doctor considers many other alternatives first, performing tests to rule out other medical problems. Some of these tests may include laboratory studies, imaging studies (such as a CT scan or small intestinal X-rays ), and endoscopy and/or colonoscopy ). An endoscopy is a procedure in which a flexible tube with a tiny camera at one end is passed into the GI tract while the patient is under conscious sedation. A combination of history, physical examination, and selected tests are used to help diagnose irritable bowel syndrome. Two relatively new blood antibody blood tests may help doctors and other medical specialists diagnose irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea or IBS-D, and irritable bowel syndrome mixed or IBS-M (irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and diarrhea). These new blood tests are for anti-Cdt B and anti-vinculin antibodies, which researchers believe, are thought to develop in some patients after having had acute) acute gastroenteritis caused by several different, common types of bacteria. The overgrowth of these bacteria in the gut may trigger an immune attack on the patients’ own intestinal tissues (autoimmunity) with the ensuing inflammation and damage to the tissues, which causes IBS symptoms. This test also may help doctors distinguish between IBS and IBD (inflammatory bowel disease), a very different type of intestinal disease that may involve the immune system. The test appears to be of use in diagnosing patients with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea IBS-D, but not IBS with constipation (IBS-C). The tests appear to be specific, and if the antibodies are present, it is highly likely that the patient has IBS. However, the tests are insensitive, which means that if the antibodies are not present, the patient still may have IBS. Thus, the tests may be identifying only a subset of individuals with IBS, those with post-infectious IBS. The FDA has not approved irritable bowel syndrome, nor have they undergone rigorous scientific examination for effectiveness. The test expected to cost from $500 to over $1,000. What Natural Home Remedies and Diet Changes Treat and Relieve IBS Symptoms? Most people with IBS have symptoms only occasionally and the following measures may treat or soothe symptoms during a flare: Add fiber to the diet: Fiber theoretically expands the inside of the digestive tract, reducing the chance it will spasm as it transmits and digests food. Fiber also promotes regular bowel movements, which helps reduce constipation. Fiber should be added gradually, because it may initially worsen bloating and gassiness. People with IBS-D should look for foods with more soluble fiber, the type that takes longer to digest (such as that found in oats, beans, barley, peas, apples, carrots, and citrus fruits). Reduce stress and anxiety: Stress and anxiety may cause IBS "flares." Health-care professionals may offer specific advice on reducing stress. The following may help reduce stress and problems associated with IBS: Eat regular balanced meals. Reduce caffeine intake. Exercise may help reduce stress. Smoking may worsen symptoms of IBS, which is another good reason to quit. Other home remedies to soothe and lessen IBS symptoms include: Increase fiber in the diet Drink plenty of water Avoid soda, which may cause gas and abdominal discomfort Eat smaller meals to help lessen the incidence of cramping and diarrhea. Low fat and high carbohydrate meals such as pasta, rice, and whole grain breads may help IBS symptoms (unless the person has celiac disease ). IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome) Triggers Many people suffering from IBS are aware of very specific foods, or situations (psychological stress) that trigger and worsen their symptoms. Some foods and drinks trigger constipation (IBS-C) and some trigger diarrhea (IBS-D). Triggers for IBS-D include: Foods high in fat and FODMAPs, certain foods that cause IBS symptoms, for example: Some grains (wheat, rye)Fruits (pears, honey, apples)Vegetables (artichokes, onions, garlic)... Click for more IBS triggers »What Medications Treat IBS Symptoms? Readers Comments 2 Share Your Story Antispasmodic drugs Antispasmodic medicines, such as dicyclomine (Bemote, Bentyl, Di-Spaz) and hyoscyamine ( Levsin, Levbid, Nu Lev), are sometimes used to treat symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Antispasmodic medicines help slow the movements of the digestive tract and reduce the chance of spasms. They may have side effects and are not for everyone. Other treatment plans are available, depending on the symptoms and condition. Antidiarrheal drugs Antidiarrheal medicines, such as loperamide (Imodium), a kaolin/pectin preparation ( Kaopectate ), and diphenoxylate/ atropine ( Lomotil ), are sometimes used when diarrhea is a major feature of IBS. Do not take these on a long-term basis without first consulting a doctor. Antidepressants Antidepressants may be very effective in smaller doses than those typically used to treat depression. Imipramine ( Tofranil ), amitriptyline (Elavil), nortriptyline ( Pamelor ), and desipramine ( Norpramin) are some commonly used medicines that may alleviate irritable bowel syndrome symptoms. Some other antidepressants are more commonly prescribed when depression and IBS coexist. What Medications Treat Individuals That Don't Respond to IBS Drugs? The following medications are typically reserved for patients with symptoms that do not improve with the previously mentioned treatments: Alosetron (Lotronex) is a restricted drug approved only for short-term treatment of women with severe, chronic, diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D) who have failed to respond to conventional IBS therapy. Fewer than 5% of people with irritable bowel syndrome have the severe form, and only a fraction of people with severe IBS have the diarrhea-predominant type. Alosetron was removed from the United States market but was reintroduced with new restrictions approved by the FDA in 2002. Physicians must be registered with the pharmaceutical manufacturer in order to prescribe the medication. Serious and unpredictable gastrointestinal side effects (including some that resulted in death) were reported in association with its use following its original approval. The safety and efficacy of alosetron has not been sufficiently studied in men; therefore, the FDA has not approved the drug for treatment of IBS in men. Rifaximin (Xifaxan) is an antibiotic medication for IBS-D that works by reducing or altering gut bacteria, and it can improve symptoms of bloating and diarrhea after a 10 to 14 day course of treatment. Some patients require retreatment at higher doses for symptom relief. Eluxadoline (Viberzi) is another newer medication for IBS-D that helps reduce abdominal pain and improves stool consistency in adults. Linaclotide ( Linzess) is a kind of drug that relieves constipation and pain for some adults with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In drug trials, people with IBS with constipation (a subtype of IBS called IBS-C) had more frequent and better bowel movements and less abdominal pain after taking daily doses of Linzess. The drug often began working within the first few days of treatment. Lubiprostone (Amitiza) is a type of laxative used to treat severe irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) in women who are at least 18 years of age. It is a capsule taken orally, twice a day with food. It is used to relieve stomach pain, bloating, and straining; and produce softer and more frequent bowel movements in people who have chronic idiopathic constipation. Tegaserod (Zelnorm) was a medication used to treat IBS but was removed from the market in 2008 due to increased risk of heart attack, stroke, and ischemic colitis. New medications for IBS-D are also being developed or are in clinical trials. Those that are most promising include: Serotonin synthesis inhibitors may help reduce pain and improve stool consistency Ramosetron, similar to alosetron ( Lotronex ). This is reported to relieve symptoms with less constipation. Spherical carbon adsorbent offers short-term relief from pain and bloating, but no improvement in stool consistency. Benzodiazepine receptor modulator (dextofisopam) has the potential to reduce colonic motility and gut sensitivity reactions in response to stress. Peripheral k-agonist (asimadoline, a kappa-opioid agonist) is in clinical trials and it shows reduced pain, urgency and stool frequency. Which Specialties of Doctors Treats IBS? Irritable bowel syndrome may initially be diagnosed by your primary care provider such as your family doctor, internist, or family medicine specialist. A gastroenterologist (a doctor who specializes in disorders of the digestive system) usually will provide further treatment. An emergency medicine specialist may be seen if you have an acute flare-up of IBS symptoms and go to a hospital emergency room. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Slideshow Pictures Digestive Disease Myths Slideshow Pictures Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Quiz Is There a Specific Diet Plan for a Person with IBS? Diet and lifestyle changes are important in decreasing the frequency and severity of IBS symptoms. The first thing your doctor may suggest is to keep a food diary. This will help you figure out foods that trigger your symptoms. Limit foods that contain ingredients that can stimulate the intestines and cause diarrhea, such as: Caffeine Alcohol Dairy products Fatty foods Foods high in sugar Artificial sweeteners ( sorbitol and xylitol)Some vegetables (cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage, Brussels sprouts) and legumes (beans) may worsen bloating and gassiness and should be avoided. A high fiber diet may lessen symptoms of constipation. Drink plenty of water, and avoid carbonated drinks such as soda, which may cause gas and discomfort. Eat smaller meals and eat slowly to help reduce cramping and diarrhea. Low fat, high carbohydrate meals such as pasta, rice, and whole-grain breads may help (unless you have celiac disease ). Probiotic supplements such as lactobacillus acidophilus or prebiotics may help alleviate IBS symptoms including abdominal pain, bloating, and bowel movement irregularity. A diet low in FODMAPs (Fermentable Oligo-saccharides, Di-saccharides, Mono -saccharides And Polyols), a group of short-chain carbohydrates, may help relieve IBS symptoms. Consult your doctor for more information. What Foods Should You Avoid If You Have IBS? Readers Comments 3 Share Your Story Whether you have IBS-D or IBS-C, there are foods to avoid that may trigger symptoms. Certain foods may worsen bloating and gassiness. Foods to avoid include cruciferous vegetables and legumes, such as: Cabbage Cauliflower Radishes Horseradish Watercress Wasabi Brussels sprouts Bok choy Arugula Kale Broccoli Chinese cabbage Collard greens Legumes also may worsen gassiness and bloating, for example: Black beanslack-eyed peas Chickpeas (garbanzo beans)Edamame Fava beans Lentils Lima beans Red kidney beans Soy nuts Some foods may trigger symptoms of abdominal cramps and diarrhea, including: Fatty foods Fried foods Coffee Caffeine Alcohol Sorbitol (a sweetener found in many diet foods, candies, and gums)Fructose (found naturally in honey and some fruits, and also used as a sweetener)Eating large meals may also trigger abdominal cramping and diarrhea. What Other Lifestyle Changes Help Relieve IBS symptoms? In addition to dietary changes, there are some healthy habits that may also help reduce IBS symptoms. Maintain good physical fitness to improve bowel function and help reduce stress. Exercise regularly. Stop smoking for overall good health. Avoid coffee/caffeine and chewing gum. Reducing or eliminating alcohol consumption may help. Stress management can help prevent or ease IBS symptoms. Use relaxation techniques: deep breathing, visualization, Yoga Do things you find enjoyable: talk to friends, read, listen to music Gut-directed hypnosis can reduce stress and anxiety Biofeedback teaches you to recognize your body's responses to stress and you can learn to slow your heart rate and relax. Pain management techniques can improve tolerance to pain Cognitive behavioral therapy or psychotherapy with trained counselors What Are the Complications of Irritable Bowel Syndrome? IBS has few associated complications. IBS does not lead to rectal bleeding, colon cancer, or inflammatory bowel diseases including ulcerative colitis. Diarrhea and constipation may aggravate hemorrhoids in people who already have them. If a person eliminates too many foods from their diet, and the diet is too limited in nutrients that could cause health problems. The effect on a person's quality of life is the biggest complication of IBS. Stress and anxiety can result from the pain, and can impact a person's daily life. Can Irritable Bowel Syndrome Be Prevented? Readers Comments 3 Share Your Story Follow the diet and lifestyle recommendations as outlined above, and as discussed with your physician. Avoiding triggers is the best way to prevent symptoms of IBS. What Is the Outlook for a Person with IBS? Because irritable bowel syndrome is a chronic (long-term) disease, symptoms usually return from time to time. This may be influenced by factors such as stress, diet, or other environmental causes. No known treatment cures IBS. Multiple factors may play a role in aggravating IBS, so it is difficult to predict what triggers may make IBS worse in a particular person. Establishing a good relationship with a health-care professional may help alleviate concerns over symptoms and allow rapid recognition of changing or worsening symptoms. Manage Diabetes in 10 Minutes Erectile Dysfunction Type 2 Diabetes Warning Signs Health Benefits of Sex Scalp, Hair and Nails ADHD Symptoms in Children? Bad Bugs and Their Bites Sex Drive Killers Cancerous Tumors Multiple Sclerosis Adult Skin Problems Habits That Wreck Your Teeth Manage Diabetes in 10 Minutes Erectile Dysfunction Type 2 Diabetes Warning Signs Health Benefits of Sex Scalp, Hair and Nails ADHD Symptoms in Children? Bad Bugs and Their Bites Sex Drive Killers Cancerous Tumors Multiple Sclerosis Adult Skin Problems Habits That Wreck Your Teeth Reviewed on 11/21/2017REFERENCES: Aragon G. et al. "Probiotic Therapy for Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2010;6 (1):39-44. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2886445/> Camilleri, M. "Current and future pharmacological treatments for diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome." Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2013. 14 (9), 1151-1160. Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America. "IBS and IBD: Two Very Different Disorders." <http://www.ccfa.org/resources/ibs-and-ibd-two-very.html> Jeffrey S. Hyams, M. D. Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Children. National Institutes of Health. Jun 25, 2014. <http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/ibs-in-children/Pages/facts.aspx\> International Foundation for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. "IBS Diet: Cramping and Diarrhea." Jun 14, 2016. <http://www.aboutibs.org/ibs-diet/cramping-and-diarrhea.html> International Foundation for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. "IBS in the Real World." Jul 26, 2016. <http://www.aboutibs.org/ibs-with-diarrhea.html> National Cancer Institute. "What are cruciferous vegetables?" Jun 07, 2012. <http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/cruciferous-vegetables-fact-sheet>

D1261830

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_turtle_soup

Turtle soup

For the album by The Turtles, see Turtle Soup. For the album by The Mock Turtles, see Turtle Soup (Mock Turtles album). Turtle soup Chinese turtle soup Type Soup or stew Place of origin China and Singapore,Region or state China, Malaysia, Japan, Singapore, and United States Main ingredients Turtle meat Cookbook: Turtle soup Media: Turtle soup Turtle soup is soup or stews made from the flesh of the turtle. The dish exists in some cultures and is viewed as a luxury or delicacy. [1] The soft-shelled turtle was commonly used for turtle soup in Singapore while the snapping turtle, found mainly in the United States, was typically used there; and is still found in certain regional cuisines, particularly in Philadelphia cuisine and some Southern United States cuisines. Chinese and other East Asian cuisines use primarily soft-shelled turtles for turtle soup. An alternative form of this dish without actual turtle meat is the mock turtle soup. Contents [ hide ]1 Cultural1.1 Singapore1.2 United States2 Poisoning3 See also4 References5 External links Cultural [ edit]Singapore [ edit]In countries such as Singapore with large Chinese populations, turtle soup is a Chinese delicacy. The meat, skin and innards of the turtle are used in the soup. Soft-shelled turtles (鱉) such as Pelodiscus sinensis are commonly consumed in this manner in Chinese cuisine, [2] while consumption of hard-shelled turtles (龜) is often avoided due to their mythical connotations. However, the hard shells of certain turtles are used in the preparation of so-called "turtle jelly", or Guilinggao. [3] [4]United States [ edit]19th-century American cookbooks advised homemakers that for the best turtle soup one should choose a turtle about 120 pounds (54 kg) in weight, as a smaller one would not have enough fat, and a bigger one would have too strong a flavor. [5]In many jurisdictions, turtle soup is illegal because many species of turtle are listed as threatened or endangered, and cannot legally be captured, let alone killed. Generally speaking, turtle populations cannot quickly recover from the loss of a breeding adult; thus, killing these turtles to make soup can depress populations below sustainable levels. The common snapping turtle has also long been used in the United States, especially in the South. [6] In this case the soup is commonly referred to as snapper turtle soup, [7] or simply snapper soup (not to be confused with red snapper soup, which is made from the fish called a red snapper ). In Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley, snapper soup is available at many area diners and is an established part of Philadelphia cuisine. It is a heavy, brown soup that tastes a little like thick gravy. The Philadelphia restaurant Old Original Bookbinder's served Snapper Soup which can also be purchased in cans at supermarkets. As of 2016, turtle soup (and other dishes from turtle meat) are still served by a few restaurants in Minnesota, mostly on Fridays during Lent. It is said that it is primarily older customers who order the turtle; younger diners are less interested. [8]Among Creole communities, Turtle soup is known as Caouane. In New Orleans, it is a specialty of several neighborhood and classic Creole restaurants such as Commander's Palace, Brennan's, and Galatoire's. Turtle soup was U. S. President William Howard Taft 's favorite food. [9] He brought a special chef into the White House for the specific purpose of preparing this dish. [10]Poisoning [ edit]Eating the flesh of some marine turtles can cause a type of food poisoning called chelonitoxism. [11]See also [ edit]Turtles portal Food portal Mock turtle soup Shark fin soup References [ edit]^ Collin, R.; Collin, R. H. (1987). New Orleans Cookbook (in French). Alfred A. Knopf. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-394-75275-4. Retrieved January 31, 2015.^ Forest Soft-shell Turtle (Dogania subplana), www.science.edu.sg, accessed 6 August 2007.^ Subhuti Dharmananda. "Endangered species issues affecting turtles and tortoises used in Chinese medicine". See in particular APPENDIX 1: "Golden Coin Turtle" (A report dated April 27, 2002 by ECES News (Earth Crash Earth Spirit)), and APPENDIX 3: "Tortoise Jelly (Turtle Jelly)". Quote: "The popularity of turtle jelly can be seen in the success of Ng Yiu-ming. His chain of specialty stores has grown from one shop in 1991 to 68 today, in Hong Kong, Macau, and mainland China. Ng also packs turtle jelly into portable containers sold at convenience stores. He insists no golden coin turtles are used. 'They're too expensive' he said. '… [I]f you know how to choose the herbal ingredients, jelly made from other kinds of turtles will be just as good. '"^ "Turtle Medicine Preparation". chelonia.org.^ Turtle soup recipe in The Household Cyclopedia of General Information (1881)^ Keith Sutton, Snapping turtle makes for a delicious dinner^ Turtle Soup/task/display/itemid/79787/recipeid/79449 Snapper Turtle Soup Recipe Archived July 13, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.^ Wessel, Ann (2016-03-21). "A Lenten feature, turtle may drop off menu altogether".^ "US Presidents – William Taft". Archived from the original on 2008-04-15. Retrieved 2008-04-01.^ Burnett, Arlene (June 26, 2008). "Slow food: Turtle soup is a throwback to an earlier elegant time". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.^ Fussy, Agnès; Pommier, Philip; Lumbroso, Catherine; De Haro, Luc (2007). "Chelonitoxism: New case reports in French Polynesia and review of the literature". Toxicon. 49 (6): 827–32. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.12.002. PMID 17250862. External links [ edit]Wikibooks Cookbook has a recipe/module on Turtle soup Asian Turtle Crisis [ show]v t e Cuisines [ show]v t e Turtles in human activities

D1793393

http://www.complex.com/music/2013/02/who-is-zedd/

Who Is Zedd?

Who Is Zedd? By khalresident old | @ khal Feb 18, 2013Share Tweet You can't escape it: EDM's becoming a bigger part of the mainstream music landscape, and you have artists like Zedd to thank for that. He's the first EDM artist to perform live on Letterman, he's one of MTV's "artists to watch" for 2013, and he's currently signed to Interscope. His solo success includes the release of singles like "Spectrum" and "Clarity," the latter yielding a recently released special remix EP, and featuring a multitude of different takes on what many see as a truly beautiful and crucial piece of dance music. Which goes without mentioning the fact that he's also got an undetermined number of tracks on Lady Gaga 's forthcoming album, ARTPOP. Artists like Zedd are what the EDM scene needs to continue permeating into the American music scene. He has a keen sense of what will work on a grand stage, but also knows how to blend that with tracks that will satisfy the EDM lovers worldwide. We caught up with Zedd recently to chart his path, from growing up as a music-making child in Germany to meeting Skrillex and, ultimately, signing with Interscope. Who is Zedd? You're about to find out. As told to khal ( @khal ), Editor-in-Chief of Do Androids Dance.com

D594832

http://www.hoursmap.com/s/new%20jersey/whole+foods+market-hours-locations-s1346991

Whole Foods Market Hours And Locations for New Jersey

All Stores Whole Foods Market New Jersey Whole Foods Market Hours And Locations for New Jersey Grocers-Retail Company Info America’s Healthiest Grocery Store™Who are we? Well, we seek out the finest natural and organic foods available, maintain the strictest quality standards in the industry, and have an unshakeable commitment to sustainable agriculture. Add to that the excitement and fun we bring to shopping for groceries, and you start to get a sense of what we’re all about. Oh yeah, we’re a mission-driven company too. Whole Foods History Wow! What a ride. Back in 1980, we started ou ... There are over 400 Whole Foods Market locations in the US.www.wholefoodsmarket.com Find Near Me: Grocers-Retail Name Address Phone1. Whole Foods Market - Cherry Hill1558 North Kings Highway Hours — Thu: 7:00am-10:00pm (856)651-52712. Whole Foods Market - Clark1255 Raritan Road Hours — Thu: 8:00am-10:00pm (732)381-10103. Whole Foods Market - Closter45 Vervalen Street Hours — Thu: 8:00am-10:00pm (201)367-90994. Whole Foods Market - Edgewater905 River Road Hours — Thu: 8:00am-10:00pm (201)941-40005. Whole Foods Market - Madison222 Main St Hours — Thu: 8:00am-10:00pm (973)822-84446. Whole Foods Market - Marlboro113 Route 9 South Hours — Thu: 8:00am-10:00pm (732)792-59007. Whole Foods Market - Marlton940 Route 73 North Hours — Thu: 7:00am-10:00pm (856)797-11158. Whole Foods Market - Montclair701 Bloomfield Ave Hours — Thu: 8:00am-10:00pm (973)746-51109. Whole Foods Market - Morristown110 Washington Street Hours — Thu: 8:00am-10:00pm (973)385-190010. Whole Foods Market - Newark633 Broad Street Hours — Thu: 7:00am-8:00pm (973)755-508011. Whole Foods Market - Paramus300 Bergen Town Center Hours — Thu: 8:00am-10:00pm (201)226-124412. Whole Foods Market - Princeton3495 Us Route 1 South Hours — Thu: 8:00am-10:00pm (609)799-291913. Whole Foods Market - Red Bank471 State Route 35 North Hours — Thu: 8:00am-10:00pm (732)758-168814. Whole Foods Market - Ridgewood44 Godwin Ave Hours — Thu: 8:00am-10:00pm (201)670-038315. Whole Foods Market - Vauxhall2245 Springfield Ave. Hours — Thu: 8:00am-10:00pm (908)688-145516. Whole Foods Market - Wall1933 State Road 35 Hours — Thu: 8:00am-10:00pm (732)359-340017. Whole Foods Market - West Orange235 Prospect Ave Hours — Thu: 8:00am-10:00pm (973)669-3196Sorry, the browser you are using is not currently supported. Disqus actively supports the following browsers: Firefox Chrome Internet Explorer 11+Safari Map Whole Foods Market in New Jersey Locations currently open are Green and those currently closed are Red. As of: 7:28 pm (EDT) Thu Apr 5. [Change]See all Whole Foods Market locations nationwide.

D1311101

https://paindoctor.com/conditions/occipital-neuralgia/

Occipital Neuralgia

What Is Occipital Neuralgia? Table of Contents1 What Is Occipital Neuralgia?2 Occipital Neuralgia Symptoms3 Causes Of Occipital Neuralgia4 How Is Occipital Neuralgia Diagnosed?5 Occipital Neuralgia Treatments6 Conclusion7 References If you experience a chronic ache at the base of the skull that sends sharp, shooting pain radiating to your scalp, you may be suffering from a condition known as occipital neuralgia. Occipital Neuralgia Symptoms Typical occipital neuralgia symptoms may include: Bilateral head pain Pain behind the eyes Pain at the base of the skull Dizziness Light sensitivity Decreased neck range of motion Blurry vision, or other vision problems Must-watch occipital neuralgia video Causes Of Occipital Neuralgia Irritation or damage to the nervus occipitalis major or minor can result in occipital neuralgia. There are various reasons why these nerves become inflamed or entrapped. Damage to the nerves can be caused by: Trauma Stress Infection Repeated movements of the neck, including cervical extension and flexion Research has focused on four specific causes of occipital nerve pain, including: Vascular sources that involve nerve root irritation Neurogenic sources that involve pain that originates in the nervous tissue Muscular sources that involve pain that originates from the muscles of the body Osteogenic sources that involve pain that originates from the bones of the body There are various areas where pain can occur in the body for occipital neuralgia patients, including: The space between the C1 and C2 vertebrae Tight fascia muscles The deep layer of the trapezius muscle The superficial layer of the semispinalis capitis muscle The atlantoaxial ligament where the dorsal ramus arises A variety of comorbid conditions can also occur with occipital nerve pain, including: Cervical spine tumors Gout Diabetes Osteoarthritis Chronic muscle spasm in the cervical musculature How Is Occipital Neuralgia Diagnosed? Symptoms of occipital neuralgia are similar to those of tension type headaches and migraine and are therefore often misdiagnosed. However, a correct diagnosis is needed to find effective treatment. To accurately diagnose occipital neuralgia, physicians will conduct a thorough history and physical exam. Once this condition is suspected, an occipital nerve block can be performed. If pain relief is reported from the nerve block, a diagnosis of occipital neuralgia is confirmed. In order to determine the cause of occipital neuralgia, a detailed history and physical exam will be performed. Questions relating to vision changes, dizziness, as well as nausea or vomiting will help to determine if there is impingement of the cranial or cervical nerves. In addition, doctors perform various assessment tests including percussion of the nervus occipital major and minor in an attempt to elicit tenderness. Physicians may also order special imaging procedures such as X-rays, computer tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to rule out any underlying pathology. Occipital Neuralgia Treatments After a diagnosis of occipital neuralgia is confirmed, a comprehensive pain management treatment plan will be developed to help manage your symptoms. Home remedies for occipital neuralgia that is fairly mild may include: Relaxation practices Yoga Meditation Hot or cold therapy for the neck If your occipital neuralgia pain doesn’t respond to these at-home remedies, you can try some complementary therapies. A number of these conservative treatment options exist, and do help patients reduce pain. They include: Chiropractic care Physical therapy Acupuncture Massage therapy These treatment options are usually recommended as a first line treatment, after at-home remedies, because they are non-invasive and provide pain relief in many cases. They also have few side effects and can be used in conjunction with other therapies or medications. Chiropractic care, physical therapy, and massage are all designed to reduce stress and tension in the body, which can then reduce tension along the occipital nerve. Likewise, acupuncture for occipital neuralgia is suggested to release endorphins into the body, that can then reduce pain and improve overall quality of life. Complementary therapies are an important part of any chronic pain management plan. When talking to a doctor, ask how you can use these therapies along with any more advanced therapies they recommend. While chiropractic or other therapies won’t cure occipital neuralgia pain, they can reduce overall pain, the amount of days you experience pain, and improve other aspects of your life. Medications for occipital neuralgia Traditional pharmacological management for this condition involves the use of: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications Antidepressants Anti-seizure medications Muscle relaxants However, for true cases of occipital nerve pain, many patients won’t find much relief through traditional medications. Instead, interventional treatments can be one of the best occipital neuralgia treatments, especially for those who suffer from moderate to severe pain. Interventional occipital neuralgia treatments If patients do not respond to conservative measures and pharmacological management, there are additional therapies that can be offered which are relatively non-invasive. These occipital neuralgia treatments include: Occipital nerve blocks Botulinum toxin (Botox) injections Radiofrequency ablation Occipital nerve blocks entail injecting a local anesthetic in combination with a steroid into the area of the occipital nerve. The injection helps to block pain sensation of the occipital nerve. Patients receiving occipital nerve blocks usually report significant pain reduction. Research has shown that occipital nerve blocks are a safe and effective diagnostic and therapeutic option for patients suffering from occipital neuralgia. Injections using Botox are another option that may be offered to patients who suffer from occipital nerve pain. They involve injecting botulinum neurotoxins into the tissue, which help to block nerve impulses that are overactive. It has been suggested that the Botox toxin influences the pain sensory system by interfering with neurotransmitter release. A study published in Current Pain and Headache Reports found that patients had significant reductions in headache pain for the four-week period following treatment with Botox injections. If all other treatment options fail, radiofrequency ablation may be recommended. Radiofrequency ablation involves inserting a probe through the skin to deliver a high-frequency electrical current to disrupt nerve conduction. In a prospective trial published in Pain Practice, more than 68% of patients suffering from occipital neuralgia reported decreased pain within one month of having radiofrequency ablation. While this study was small, having only 19 participants, it suggests that treatment using radiofrequency ablation may prove to be an effective treatment option for individuals who do not respond to conservative treatment methods. Surgery for occipital neuralgia In rare cases, your doctor may suggest surgery for your pain. Surgery should only be done when all other, less invasive options have been tried. If your pain hasn’t responded to other treatments, your doctor may suggest: Microvascular decompression Occipital nerve stimulation Again, while surgery may be the best option for some patients, make sure you’ve exhausted other options before undergoing surgery. If you haven’t attempted interventional treatments coordinated with complementary therapies, talk to your doctor about what options you may have. Conclusion If occipital neuralgia is the suspected cause of your headache pain, your physician will conduct a history and physical exam and then perform an occipital nerve block to confirm your diagnosis. Once the cause of your occipital neuralgia pain is determined, your doctor will work with you to find an appropriate treatment to help you manage your symptoms. Although this condition can be extremely painful, it can be successfully treated with home remedies, complementary therapies like chiropractic care, or interventional treatments like occipital nerve blocks. If you want to talk to an occipital neuralgia doctor in your area, click the button below to get in touch with a doctor who specializes in pain management. They can answer any questions you have and help you find a path towards less pain. Schedule Your Appointment References Aerts K, Vanelderen P, De Vooght P, et al. Pulsed radiofrequency for the treatment of occipital neuralgia. European J Pain. 2009;13;55-85. Bogduk N, Govind J, Cervicogenic headache: An assessment of evidence on clinical diagnosis, invasive tests, and treatment. Lancet Neurol. 2009;8:959-968. Hoppenfield JD. Cervical facet arthropathy and occipital neuralgia: Headache culprits. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2010;14:418-423. Vanelderen P, Lataster A, Levy R, et al. Occipital Neuralgoa. Pain Practice. 2010;10 (2):137-144. Young W, Blocking the greater occipital nerve: Utility in headache management. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2010;14;404-408.

D1495010

http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/r/retinal_tear/intro.htm

Retinal tear

Retinal tear Intro Symptoms Causes Tests Treatment Misdiagnosis Videos Doctors Complications Must Reads in Health Protecting Your Skin During Winter Watch: My Personal Psoriasis Journey Are You Getting The Best Cancer Care? Keeping An Active Lifestyle With COPDLiver Disease? Find a Doc Who Treats PBCAre You Allergic To Your Clothes? Why Psoriasis Treatments Can Fail Retinal tear: Retinal tear: Introduction Symptoms Causes Treatments Misdiagnosis Home Testing Complications Videos Research Stories from Users Full Contents list Retinal tear: Introduction Retinal tear: A condition that is characterised by a tear in the retina of the eye. More detailed information about the symptoms , causes, and treatments of Retinal tear is available below. Symptoms of Retinal tear Click to Check Vision difficulties Blurred vision Eye swelling Headache Eye painmore symptoms...»See full list of 6 symptoms of Retinal tear Home Diagnostic Testing Home medical testing related to Retinal tear: Vision & Eye Health: Home Testing: Home Eye Tests Home Vision Testsmore...»Wrongly Diagnosed with Retinal tear? Misdiagnosis of Retinal tear Hidden causes of Retinal tear (possibly wrongly diagnosed)Retinal tear: Related Patient Stories Need serious help, in tears & _ the end of my rope!15 and sick ...for life...tear...!! !werd hole in tonsil but not tonsil stonestearing tendons, and then some.. Fingernails-ridges, tearing,flaking... ICU nurse with a labrum tear: UGH!this hole just gets deeper.misdiagnosed achilles tear? Hole in eardrum Lump on Tear Duct Not DVT, not calf tear.... What is this bump with a hole on my scrotum? (photos)Need serious help, in tears & _ the end of my rope!Hole in eardrum Swelling and Meniscal Tear Stuck in a hole Unexplained Swelling Bringing Me To Tears Ligament Tear? Swelling and Meniscus Tear Perforated/infected ear for nearly two months, help Retinal tear: Complications Read more about complications of Retinal tear. Causes of Retinal tear Lattice degeneration of retinamore causes...»Read more about causes of Retinal tear Read more about causes of Retinal tear. More information about causes of Retinal tear: Retinal tear as a complication caused by other conditions Disease Topics Related To Retinal tear Research the causes of these diseases that are similar to, or related to, Retinal tear: Retinal detachment RDCritical eye emergency Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment Rhegmatogenous RDExudative retinal detachment Exudative RDmore related diseases...»Retinal tear: Undiagnosed Conditions Commonly undiagnosed diseases in related medical categories: Vision & Eye: serious diseases often undiagnosed: Glaucoma -- Undiagnosed Age-Related Macular Degeneration -- Undiagnosed Cataract -- Undiagnosed Diabetic Retinopathy -- Undiagnosedmore ...»more undiagnosed conditions...»Retinal tear: Research Doctors & Specialists Research related physicians and medical specialists: Eye Health Specialists (Ophthalmology): Ophthalmology (Eye Specialist)more specialists...»Other doctor, physician and specialist research services: Rate Your Doctor Online Research Your Doctor Online Review Patient Surveys About Your Doctor Research local specialists including ratings, affiliations, and sanctions. Evidence Based Medicine Research for Retinal tear Medical research articles related to Retinal tear include: Interventions for prevention of giant retinal tear in the fellow eye Pulsed electron avalanche knife Under what circumstances should floaters in the eye be referred to hospital? Ocular Emergencies Flashes and Floaters Examining a patient who presents as an emergencymore research...»Click here to find more evidence-based articles on the TRIP Database Retinal tear: Animations Vision Adult Macular Degeneration More Retinal tear animations & videos Research about Retinal tear Visit our research pages for current research about Retinal tear treatments. Clinical Trials for Retinal tear The US based website Clinical Trials.gov lists information on both federally and privately supported clinical trials using human volunteers. Some of the clinical trials listed on Clinical Trials.gov for Retinal tear include: Alleviated Positioning for Small Macular Holes - This study is currently recruiting patients (Current: 23 Nov 2006)Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling for Large Macular Holes - This study is currently recruiting patients (Current: 23 Nov 2006)Study of OT-551 Eye Drops to Prevent or Delay Progression of Nuclear Cataracts Following Vitreous Removal - This study is currently recruiting patients (Current: 23 Nov 2006) - OT-551 ophthalmic solution Study of Denufosol (INS37217) in Subjects With Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment - This study has been terminated (Current: 23 Nov 2006) - denufosol tetrasodium (INS37217) Intravitreal Injectionmore trials...»Read more about Clinical Trials for Retinal tear Retinal tear: Broader Related Topics Eye and vision conditions Head conditionsmore types...»Types of Retinal tear Retinal tear Message Boards Related forums and medical stories: Eye Conditions (169)blurred vision in one eye ICE Syndromeepiscleritis- alternative treatmentsmall floating black dot ghost More user stories User Interactive Forums Read about other experiences, ask a question about Retinal tear, or answer someone else's question, on our message boards: I can not get a diagnosis. Please help. Tell us your medical story. Share your misdiagnosis story. What is the best treatment for this? See all the forums. Definitions of Retinal tear: Perforations through the whole thickness of the retina including the macula as the result of inflammation, trauma, degeneration, etc. The concept includes retinal breaks, tears, dialyses, and holes. - (Source - Diseases Database)Contents for Retinal tear: Retinal tear What is Retinal tear? Videos related to Retinal tear Causes of Retinal tear Symptoms of Retinal tear Diagnostic Tests for Retinal tear Home Testing and Retinal tear Signs of Retinal tear Complications of Retinal tear Misdiagnosis of Retinal tear Misdiagnosis of Underlying Causes of Retinal tear Treatments for Retinal tear Doctors and Medical Specialists for Retinal tear Cure Research for Retinal tear Glossary for Retinal tear Clinical Trials for Retinal tear External links relating to Retinal tear Related Retinal tear Info Videos about Retinal tear Forum Discussions about Retinal tear Need serious help, in tears & _ the end of my rope!15 and sick ...for life...tear...!! !werd hole in tonsil but not tonsil stonestearing tendons, and then some.. Fingernails-ridges, tearing,flaking... ICU nurse with a labrum tear: UGH!this hole just gets deeper.misdiagnosed achilles tear? Hole in eardrum Lump on Tear Duct Not DVT, not calf tear.... What is this bump with a hole on my scrotum? (photos)Need serious help, in tears & _ the end of my rope!Hole in eardrum Swelling and Meniscal Tear Stuck in a hole Unexplained Swelling Bringing Me To Tears Ligament Tear? Swelling and Meniscus Tear Perforated/infected ear for nearly two months, help More information about Retinal tear Retinal tear: Introduction Symptoms Causes Treatments Misdiagnosis Home Testing Complications» Next page: What is Retinal tear? Medical Tools & Articles: Tools & Services: Bookmark this page Symptom Search Symptom Checker Medical Dictionary Medical Articles: Disease & Treatments Search Misdiagnosis Center Full list of interesting articles Forums & Message Boards Ask or answer a question at the Boards: I cannot get a diagnosis. Please help. Tell us your medical story. Share your misdiagnosis story. What is the best treatment for my condition? See all the Boards.

D2736223

https://www.fatsecret.com/calories-nutrition/lean-cuisine/cheese-lasagna-florentine-bake

Cheese Lasagna Florentine Bake

Food database and calorie counter Source: Member Lean Cuisine Cheese Lasagna Florentine Bake Nutrition Facts Serving Size: 1 package (283g)Amount Per Serving Calories from Fat 60Calories 260% Daily Values*Total Fat 7g 11 %Saturated Fat 4g 20 %Trans Fat 0g Cholesterol 20mg 7 %Sodium 680mg 28 %Total Carbohydrate 35g 12 %Dietary Fiber 4g 16 %Sugars 10g Protein 14g Vitamin A 35% Vitamin C 0%Calcium 25% Iron 6%* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2000 calorie diet. Your daily values may be higher or lower depending on your calorie needs. Is this information inaccurate or incomplete? Click here to edit.13% of RDI* (260 calories)Calorie Breakdown: Carbohydrate (54%) Fat (24%) Protein (22%)* Based on a RDI of 2000 calories What is my Recommended Daily Intake (RDI)? Photos+Submit Photo Nutrition summary: Calories260Fat7g Carbs35g Protein14g There are 260 calories in a 1 package serving of Lean Cuisine Cheese Lasagna Florentine Bake. Calorie breakdown: 24% fat, 54% carbs, 22% protein. Related Lasagna from Lean Cuisine: Simple Favorites Classic Five Cheese Lasagna Cheese Lasagna & Chicken Chicken Florentine Lasagna Veggie Cuisine Tuscan-Style Vegetable Lasagna Culinary Collection Chicken with Lasagna Rollatini Meat Lasagna with Hearty Sauce & 3 Cheesesfind more lean cuisine lasagna products Related Pasta from Lean Cuisine: Three Cheese Ziti Marinara Marketplace Asparagus & Cheese Ravioli Marketplace Spicy Penne Arrabbiata Marketplace Butternut Squash Ravioli Comfort Shrimp Alfredo Marketplace Spinach Artichoke Raviolifind more lean cuisine pasta products Other Types of Lasagna: Lasagna with Chicken or Turkey and Spinach Lasagna with Meat and Spinach Lasagna with Chicken or Turkey Lasagna with Meat Meatless Lasagna with Vegetables Meatless Lasagnaview more lasagna nutritional info Other Types of Casseroles: Broccoli Casserole (Broccoli, Rice, Cheese and Mushroom Sauce)Cooked Green String Beans with Mushroom Sauce Tuna Casserole with Vegetables and Mushroom Soup Chicken or Turkey and Noodles with Cream or White Sauce (Mixture)Eggplant with Cheese and Tomato Sauce Tuna Noodle Casserole with Vegetables in Cream or White Sauceview more casseroles nutritional info

D961107

http://www.dieselsmoke.com.au/

.

Diesel Smoke tells YOU a Story Basically, smoke from a diesel engine indicates that something is not right. It should be taken as an indication that there is a problem existing (or developing), that will potentially shorten the engine life, or result in unnecessary costs. It should be regarded as an opportunity to take measures that will save you money in both the long term and also the short term. At the least, that smoke may be due to a simple problem, that is causing poor combustion efficiency…and costing you in excessive fuel bills (eg carboned up engine from excessive idling, stop start operation or short run times). At the other end of the scale, it may be your last chance to act, before a catastrophic engine failure occurs (eg piston seizure, valve or turbocharger failure). A diesel engine in good condition should produce no visible smoke from the exhaust, under most operating conditions. A short puff of smoke when an engine is accelerated under load may be acceptable, due to the lag before the turbocharger speed and air flow is able to match the volume of diesel injected into the cylinders. That would only apply to older technology diesel engines, but with modern type diesels, no smoke at all should be evident. There are three basic types of diesel smoke, identifiable by their colour... Black, Blue and White In the outlines below we explain what causes each colour of diesel smoke and provide you with links to high quality products that will help you solve these problems.... Black smokeis the most common smoke emitted from diesel engines. It indicates poor and incomplete combustion of the diesel fuel. There are many causes, including…Incorrect timing Dirty or worn injectors Over-fuelling Faulty turbocharger (ie not enough air to match the fuel)Incorrect valve clearance Incorrect air/fuel ratio Low cylinder compression (eg sticking piston rings or worn components)Dirty air cleaner Restricted induction system (eg system too small or kinked inlet piping)Other engine tune factors Poor quality fuel Excessive carbon build up in combustion and exhaust spaces Cool operating temperatures Obviously, worn or damaged components must be replaced, and the earlier you identify and fix the problem, the less damage will be done. Keep on top of engine tune issues, including valve adjustments, and regular servicing of air, fuel and oil filters. Do not buy fuel from suspect outlets. Dirty components, such as injectors can be easily restored to full cleanliness by using an effective and reliable fuel system cleaner. If you choose from our range of products, Cleanpower is what you need. Cleaning of internals of engines has usually only been possible at overhaul, however, Cost Effective Maintenance provide two products to enable vehicle and equipment owners to quickly, safely and cheaply restore full cleanliness to combustion and exhaust spaces ( FTC Decarbonizer) as well as piston rings, oil pumps, oil galleries, oil coolers, piston skirts, valve gear, etc ( Flushing Oil Concentrate ). Black smoke is high in carbon or soot, which is an undesirable product of diesel combustion. Now, the combustion of diesel is a complicated process of breaking down the various hydrocarbon fuel molecules into progressively smaller and smaller molecules, by burning in the presence of oxygen. The main and ideal end products of combustion are CO 2 and H 2 O (carbon dioxide, the greenhouse gas and water). It is believed that the last step in the process is carbon monoxide (the poisonous gas) to carbon dioxide. This is also the slowest step by far, and when combustion conditions deteriorate some upstream bottle necking occurs in the chain of combustion reactions. This results (according to some authorities) in polymerization of smaller partly burnt molecules into much larger ones, which become visible as soot, or black smoke. Blue smokeis an indication of oil being burnt. The oil can enter the combustion chamber for several reasons. Worn valve guides or seals Wear in power assemblies (ie cylinders, piston rings, ring grooves)Cylinder glaze Piston ring sticking Incorrect grade of oil (eg oil too thin, and migrating past the rings)Fuel dilution in the oil (oil thinned out with diesel)At cold start, blue smoke is often evident, and can reflect reduced oil control, due to fouling deposits around piston rings or cylinder glaze (which is actually carbon deposited in the machined cylinder crosshatching. These tiny grooves actually hold a film of oil, which in turn completes the seal between the combustion chamber and the oil wetted crankcase). Blue smoke should not be evident at any time, but it is worth noting, that engines with good sound compression can actually burn quite a lot of oil without evidence of blue smoke. Good compression allows oil to burn cleanly, as part of the fuel. It’s not good though!Once again, restore physical cleanliness to all components. Replace worn parts where necessary. In some situations, where the engines are pretty worn, but you just need to keep them in service, cleaning with the previously mentioned products, followed by effective additional anti-wear protection, will reduce internal stresses on all those tired components, providing extended service life. Our AW10 Antiwear White smoke occurs when raw diesel comes through the exhaust completely intact and unburned. Some causes of this include…Faulty or damaged injectors Incorrect injection timing (could be a worn timing gear or damaged crankshaft keyway). Low cylinder compression (eg caused by leaking or broken valves, piston ring sticking, cylinder and/or ring wear, or cylinder glaze)When white smoke occurs at cold start, and then disappears as the engine warms up, the most common causes are fouling deposits around piston rings and/or cylinder glazing. Use of our Flushing Oil Concentrate and FTC Decarbonizer address these respective problems. Water entering combustion spaces will also create white smoke. Faulty head gaskets and cracked cylinder heads or blocks are a common cause of water entry, and are often to blame. Unfortunately, expensive mechanical repair is the only proper solution here. Take this link to find out more about Cost Effective's Diesel Smoke Solutions

D2711875

http://www.womansdivorce.com/steps-of-divorce.html

The Steps Of Divorce - Answers From The Expert

The Steps Of Divorce - Answers From The Expert Even though the steps of divorce follow a similar sequence, each state has different requirements at each stage, so you need to check with your state divorce laws to find out how to proceed in your case. You can read a detailed explanation about the general steps of getting a divorce in our article about the divorce process, or you can read the following questions and answers to get a better understanding about your individual circumstances: Questions and answers about divorce lawyers? What if I can't afford a divorce? How do you file for divorce? How are divorce papers served? Response to a divorce filing Divorce settlement questions Mediating your divorce settlement Questions about signing divorce papers Questions about the final divorce decee and date of divorce. Questions about separation, divorce, and death Reverting To Maiden Name - Questions and Answers What should I do if my husband just up and left? What is the easiest way to get a divorce started? Where can I find a step by step list showing the divorce process? What's the best way to divorce if we don't want to involve lawyers? Is dissolution the same thing as a divorce? What type of divorce do I need if I just want it to be over? Can my husband divorce me without my knowledge? What is a default divorce? Is a default divorce valid in all states? Who moves out when a divorce is filed? How do I get support until the divorce is final? What should I do before getting a divorce? Would having sex with my husband void the divorce petition? Can I move out of state if I haven't started the divorce yet? Can he stop me from moving across the country? Who pays for the divorce? How long does a divorce take? How long does an uncontested divorce take? Does he have to appear in court if he signed the uncontested divorce papers? Why is my divorce in the dismissal process? What does it mean if the court says your case has been dismissed? Can he file a motion to dismiss if I filed for divorce? Can a person get a divorce before reaching settlement? Will a prenuptial agreement speed up the divorce? How will a prenup affect my chances of getting financial help? Is a divorce held in a state or federal court? Do we have to go to court to settle our divorce? Is a court appearance required if I'm not contesting the divorce? How should I prepare for court if I'm representing myself? Can I submit a letter for the judge to read before the hearing? What should I expect from my first court hearing? How can I represent myself in court if I can't speak? Can I sit with my daughter when she goes to court for her divorce? What if he doesn't show up for the court hearing? What does it mean if there's a conference scheduled? What should I expect from a case management conference? Do I have to attend the deposition? Can the court appearance be postponed until I get a lawyer? Can I postpone the court hearing because of my job? Will he miss the court hearing if he's in jail? Why is there so many court dates? Where can I find information about military divorce? What if my ex continues taking me back to court? Can I have my divorce moved to another county? Is a social security number required to get a divorce? Do I have to include my address on the divorce paperwork? How do I find out the status of my divorce case? What will happen at the first meeting with our attorneys? Is there a time limit on ordered settlement conferences? Why is my case taking so long? Can I call the Judge to find out why it is taking so long? What if nothing has happened since the counterclaim was filed? Can I make him sign the settlement agreement? What if his attorney still hasn't drawn up the decree? What if he's intentionally stalling the divorce? What is the consent to divorce and jurisdiction form? Can he legally access my cell phone records? Do I have to submit the requested documentation for court? Can he legally videotape me and use it in court? Is financial disclosure required if we're able to reach an agreement? How do I make him provide the financial disclosure information? What if he doesn't provide proper documents for financial disclosure? What if he doesn't provide the financial affidavit within the allowed time? Can I get a copy of the financial disclosure papers? Why can't I see a copy of my husband's financial disclosure papers? Are transcripts from your deposition considered private information? Can I get my Social Security Number blocked on my divorce paperwork? Are we divorced in the US if we got a Canadian divorce? Can I be arrested if he's accusing me of lying in the divorce? Will the Mississippi cohabitation laws still apply if I left the state? Can I get engaged before the divorce is finalized? When can I get remarried after I file for a divorce? Could a judge declare me single before the papers are final? Can I get remarried if I haven't received the finalized divorce papers? Can the court destroy the original marriage license after a divorce? What should I do if my husband just up and left? Becky's Question: My husband of 17 years has recently left me and my 3 kids. I am pretty certain he was and probably is still seeing someone else. I have never worked due to his urging me to stay home. What do I do now? We own a home and a huge piece of land and several businesses. What am I entitled to? Brette Answers: Make an appointment for an initial consultation with a divorce attorney in your area. He or she will explain all of your options and what you are entitled to. In brief, the issues are custody, child support, spousal support/alimony, and division of marital assets and debts. What's the best way to divorce if we don't want to involve lawyers? Trisha's Question: After a year of trying to work things out, it's obvious that we're heading for a divorce. The fortunate thing is through this 'separation', he has agreed to pay for all our living expenses as usual, which amounts to about 60% of his typical take home pay. I feel we can really do this without lawyers because we're determined not to get crabby with each other to the expense of our children. Any good advice will be appreciated. Brette's Answer: You sound like a good couple for mediation. A mediator will help you put your agreement in writing and will point out the things you have not yet thought of. Then you can formalize your agreement and make it legally enforceable. Good luck. Is dissolution the same thing as a divorce? Debbie's Question: My husband and I were separated do to our jobs. He just filed for a dissolution. Is that the same as a divorce? I thought for a dissolution we had to agree on everything. Can he be forced to cover my insurance? Brette's Answer: Yes dissolution of a marriage is the same as divorce. You should respond to the papers you got so you can ask for everything you want. What is the easiest way to get a divorce started? Laura's Question: What is the easiest way to get a divorce started? Will I need to hire a divorce lawyer? How do I file for temporary custody and maintenance? Brette Answers: It's a good idea to meet with an attorney for a consultation so that you can get some idea of the process and expense involved. You can also discuss temporary orders for custody, child support, and alimony. You might want to consider working with a mediator if possible as well. Where can I find a step by step list showing the divorce process? Nan's Question: At what point can a person change their decision to go thru with a divorce? And where can I find a step by step list showing exactly what the process is? Brette's Answer: Your state court web site should have divorce self-help or pro se information. There is likely an entire packet that lays out the process. (You can also read through this overview of the divorce process, which gives the general steps to expect). You can change your mind at any point before the final decree, but that doesn't mean your spouse changes his mind. You both have to agree to withdraw the case. What type of divorce do I need if I just want it to be over? Ana's Question: We separated 2 months after we got married, and are both now involved in different relationships. We don't want anything from each other and just to have our marriage ended. What kind of divorce should I get? Brette: It sounds like you should just do a simple uncontested divorce. One of you can do the paperwork on your own. Talk to a family law attorney to get more information. Can my husband divorce me without my knowledge? Kat's Answer: When my husband left, he swore he would not stay married to me. It's been 4 months and I have not been served any papers and I still reside in the rental house. Can he divorce me without my knowledge? Brette's Answer: No, you must be served with papers for a divorce to occur. What is a default divorce? Brette's Answer: A default divorce occurs when one spouse doesn't respond or appear in court and the case proceeds without him or her. Is a default divorce valid in all states? Clara's Question: We lived in Orlando for 4 years and then separated. I moved to Georgia and after some time got an uncontested divorce done (since I didn't know where my spouse was living at the time). Now I have moved back to Orlando and have come across my ex-husband recently. Is the divorce valid or is there a way to validate the divorce here in Orlando? Brette's Answer: The divorce is valid. You're all set as long as it was done properly and some attempt was made to locate him or notify him (even if you were unable to). Who moves out when a divorce is filed? Fae's Question: When someone is served divorce papers, which spouse has to move out? Brette's Answer: The fact that a divorce case has been started has nothing to do with occupancy of the home. Filing the papers does not mean someone has to leave. You can both continue to live there, agree who will move out, or you can ask the court to decide on a motion for exclusive temporary residency of the home while the case is pending. Would having sex with my husband void the divorce petition? Jamie's Question: If you have marital relations while a divorce filing is pending, will it void the divorce? My attorney says that I could have sex with my husband the day of court and it doesn't matter. But my husband said his attorney says that if he can prove that we have had sex recently then they won't grant me the divorce. Brette's Answer: It depends on your state law. In some states you must be separate and apart for a period of time which means no marital relations. The real question here is why are you arguing about this? If anything, it just delays the divorce. If you both agree, then just go ahead with the divorce. How do I get support until the divorce is final? Cheryl's Question: I just filed for divorce and we have the first court date coming up. How do I get support from him until our divorce is final? I can't imagine that the court would expect that one should have to go without financial support for the duration of the process. Brette's Answer: You need to make a motion for temporary support. You can find out more information by reading the FAQs on temporary support. What should I do before getting a divorce? Marilyn's Question: My husband said he intends to file for a divorce our children graduate from high school. I am a homemaker, and now he wants me to find a job, after telling me not to for all these years. I can't help feeling like a sitting duck. What can I do now to protect myself? Brette's Answer: I think you would be well advised to meet with an attorney to gather information and get some advice. This does not mean you should let him know you're doing so or that you should take any other action at this point. However, talking to someone who can review your situation and suggest what steps you should or should not take right now would most likely not only help you feel more secure, but put you in a better position. Good luck. Can I move out of state if I haven't started the divorce yet? Delores' Question: What if I want to move to another state? I am not yet divorced but I need to take that step, and what is the easiest way to get a divorce? Brette's Answer: If you don't have children you can move easily. It is easiest to file for divorce before you move because you must meet specific residency requirements to file in a new state. Can he stop me from moving across the country? Question: I was born and raised on the west coast; however we currently live where he was raised. The states are on opposing sides of the country and I don't know where to start. I want to make this divorce easy, but I am afraid he won't. Are there any laws that will prevent me from moving to where all my family is? Brette's Answer: No, you can live wherever you want, however if you have children then it is another matter entirely. You can find out more by reading about Relocation and Child Custody issues. How long does it take to get a divorce? Vanessa's Question: How long does the divorce process take, from beginning to end? Brette's Answer: How long it will take for your divorce to be final depends on a lot of factors - where you live, whether your husband contests it, how backed up the courts are in your area, and what you ask for. If you have an uncontested divorce it is a matter of months, but if you and your spouse do not agree you can expect it to take more than a year, up to two years. How long will it take to get an uncontested divorce? Tracy's Question: How long does a non-contested divorce usually take? Brette's Answer: It varies by state and also by county, but in general they are quick if there are no court backups or mandated waiting period. A couple of months should do it. I suggest you call the court clerk's office in your county and ask what to expect. Does he have to appear in court if he signed the uncontested divorce papers? Question: I am the petitioner for my divorce. My ex husband was present and with me at the time I filed. I filed it as uncontested and he signed all the forms there. We both went before a judge and I was granted a waiver for the fees. My question is since he was presented and signed all the forms agreeing to the divorce he is now telling me he cannot go to our scheduled court date, will they still grant me the divorce or will he need to be present? Brette's Answer: Uncontested means only one party is present. If he consented to everything, you should not have a problem. Why is my divorce in the dismissal process? Jennifer's Question: What if my divorce is in the dismissal process, but the court is stating they haven't received all of the documents from the petitioner? The courts also say they haven't heard from either party, but I call once a week. Brette's Answer: Calling is not a legal response to a divorce case. Papers have to be filed by certain deadlines. If you are not the petitioner you can file a cross-petition to get things going. What does it mean if the court says your case has been dismissed? Connie's Question: What does it mean when the court says your case has been dismissed? I have mailed out the papers 3 times and all 3 times they have come back. Brette's Answer: It means the case has been closed by the court, often because a deadline has been missed or because the judge felt it had no merit. Call the court clerk's office and find out what happened. You can probably open a new case. Can he get file a motion to dismiss if I filed for divorce? Sharon's Question: I filed for divorce from an abusive man. Now he has filed a 'motion to dismiss' - this seems crazy since I filed the divorce papers. Can he actually get the divorce stopped? I refuse to go back with him!! !Brette's Answer: Do you have an attorney? If so, I suggest you talk with him or her about this. There are lots of things that happen in a divorce case that might seem to make no sense but which are part of the way the process and the back and forth works. No one can make you go back to him and in most states you can get a divorce whether he agrees or not. Can you get a divorce before reaching a settlement? Jill's Question: Have you ever heard of a divorce before any settlement? What are the dangers of this? Brette's Answer: Some courts will grant a divorce and reserve the property division to be determined at a later date. One concern can be that you no longer have the leverage of holding up the divorce to get what you want. Will an existing prenuptial agreement speed up the divorce? Renee's Question: My husband and I signed a prenuptial agreement before we got married. What effect will it have on the length of our divorce? Brette's Answer: If you have a prenuptial agreement and no one is contesting it, your divorce would be relatively simple, unless you do not agree about what constitutes marital assets vs. separate assets. Will a prenup affect my ability to get financial support? Tara's Question: How would it affect my chances of getting financial support from my soon to be ex if I signed a prenuptial agreement prior the marriage. Also, do you have an idea of how much the amount would be? Brette's Answer: If you signed a prenuptial agreement, then those are the terms that will guide the financial distribution and spousal support. An attorney can go over it with you. Is a divorce held in a state or federal court? Stephanie's Question: Will our divorce be held in a state or federal court? Brette's Answer: Divorce is always held in a state court. Good luck. Who pays for the cost of the divorce? Maxine's Question: Who pays for the divorce if the wife goes to a lawyer first and gives him money? Brette: It doesn't make any difference who talks to and pays an attorney first. The cost of divorce is often split between the spouses, but this is certainly something which can be negotiated. It's common for the moneyed spouse to pay all or most of the cost. How do I proceed with a military divorce? Erika's Question: Do you know where I might find information about military divorces? Brette's Answer: You should become familiar with the Uniformed Services Former Spouses' Protection Act, which you can Google. This site: http://usmilitary.about.com/od/divorce/ has some good general information as well. Also, be sure to check out our section on Military Divorce Issues. Good luck!Is a court appearance required if we settle our divorce? Loretta's Question: I want to get a divorce without going to court. Can we solve this problem between our attorneys? Brette's Answer: A court is necessary to finalize any divorce, but you do not need to go to a trial. You can reach an agreement using attorneys, or you can go to mediation and reach a settlement there. Any settlement must be submitted to and approved by the court. Do I have to go to the hearing if I'm not contesting the divorce? Maria's Question: My husband filed for divorce and the date has been set. Nothing was contested, all property has been divided, our daughters are grown, etc. Do I have to attend the final hearing? Brette's Answer: If you have signed documents agreeing to everything already, the hearing is just a formality. However, you should be aware that if you don't go, you waive your opportunity to be heard should there be a problem with something. What if he doesn't show up for the court hearing? Helen's Question: I have filed for a divorce from my alcoholic husband. The first hearing is scheduled in two weeks. Initially my husband promised to sign the papers, but I am not sure if he will even show up in court. What will happen if he does not? Brette's Answer: Assuming he was legally served, the case will proceed as uncontested. This means that by not showing up, he takes himself out of the equation. He has no say or input on the case from that point forward. The judge will consider the requests you make and make all the decisions - alimony, property, custody, child support and so on, without his point of view at all. What does it mean if there's a conference scheduled? Haydee's Question: I filed a divorce last October, and this April filed the request to enter default as ordered by the judge. I check my case status online every day and today I found out that there's a conference scheduled. What does it mean? Brette's Answer: It depends on what it means in your area. It could mean a courtroom appearance. It could mean an off the record meeting with the judge's law clerk to just check in and see where things are at. Call the court clerk's office and ask. How should I prepare for court if I'm filing Pro Se? Melissa's Question: I received the marital settlement agreement, had a lawyer review it, and everything seems to be in order and what we agreed to. Since I am representing myself, do I need to do anything specific besides show up for the court date? Also, will I get to see a copy of the settlement terms/papers on the court date? Brette's Answer: Dress nicely, be on time, don't chew gum, turn off your cell phone, don't bring food or drink, and try not to be nervous. It is likely the judge will ask you a few questions. Just answer them honestly. If you'd like, you can be sure the document the court has matches the one you signed. Just ask if you can examine it. (Get more tips for testifying in court )Can I submit a letter for the judge to read before the hearing? Z's Question: My lawyer quit on me just a few weeks before a hearing, because he and my husband lawyers were not able to work together. He is telling me I have to go to the hearing by myself. Can I write a letter to the judge and explain everything, before going to the hearing? Brette's Answer: The judge won't read your letter since it is ex parte, out of court. Any communication with the judge must take place with the other side present. You can hire another lawyer if you'd like and the case can be postponed for that person to get up to speed. What should I expect from my first court hearing? C's Question: What can I expect at my first court hearing? I have filed for a legal separation on the grounds of abandonment and desertion. Do I need to have proof of this before the hearing? Brette's Answer: You need to determine if it is an appearance or an actual hearing/trial. At a hearing you would be expected to present evidence and testimony. How can I represent myself in court if I can't speak? Question: My lawyer withdrew from my case (she did not win any of her arguments in the past 2 years). I checked the on line docket of the court and see that the court allowed her to leave and the court made me pro se. Now the judge has decided to finish the divorce decree. I wrote my husband's lawyer that there are outstanding items (husband refuses to pay money he owes me, refuses to give me copies of my IRS taxes he has kept for all of the years, and my premarital belongings) before divorce decree goes through. He refuses to cooperate. The court knows I am disabled and cannot speak. I asked the judicial support office if I may write to the judge and no one has responded. Now I see in the docket that divorce records were sent to husband's attorney. Does this sound legal? Brette's Answer: Yes, records in the case are available to either party. You could hire another attorney. You are saying you are disabled and unable to speak - I would suggest you bring someone with you to the next court appearance who can communicate on your behalf so that the court understands you disability. You could also have someone call the court clerk's office in advance and explain this situation. Your rights are not protected if you cannot communicate during the proceeding. Accommodations must be made. Can I sit with my daughter when she goes to court for her divorce? John's Question: Can I sit with my daughter in court as she does not have an attorney, not as representation but only support? Brette's Answer: That will be up to the judge. You might be directed to sit behind her, not at the table with her. Can the court appearance be postponed until I get a lawyer? Karen's Question: I was just served with divorce papers, and the court date is less than a week away. I have no money or lawyer at this time. How can I get the court appearance postponed until I have time to get a lawyer? Brette's Answer: You have several options. Call the court clerk and ask for a postponement. If they will not postpone in time for you to have counsel, appear at the court date and tell the judge you need time to have an attorney review the papers. This sometimes works unless it is scheduled for trial and the judge feels you've had ample opportunity to retain counsel. You could also hire someone and have him call to postpone. Can I postpone the court hearing because of my job? Latifa's Question: I just started a new job, and can't attend a court hearing for child support. Can I have it postponed? Brette's Answer: If you are unable to attend, you call the court clerk and ask to have it rescheduled. You should explain why you want to change it. You may be required to get permission from the other side. Be aware that sometimes a court will not reschedule a court hearing - you're expected to adjust your life around the court's schedule and not vice versa. Will he miss the court hearing if he's in jail? Question: I was just wondering if your husband is in jail, will they transport him to family court? Or will he have to miss our hearing? Brette's Answer: In most states he is transported. Good luck. Can I personally contact the Family Court Judge? Peg's Question: My so-called "easy" divorce is taking over 2 yrs. It was supposed to be done last March. There are no major complications, no custody issues, no debts, but lots of assets to split. I think the lawyers are lining their pockets, and we are both scratching our heads on why so long! We've never been before the Judge, and don't know what our lawyers are saying in our behalf behind closed doors. Can I personally contact our Family Court Judge to find out why it is taking so long? Brette's Answer: The judge will not take your call. You could call his or her law clerk though. It's unlikely he or she will be able to tell you. The best course of action is to try to pin your lawyer down. Find out exactly what's going on and when. Insist that the case be wrapped up. Go to the next court appearance if you want. Can my divorce be moved to another county? Harriet's Question: My divorce has been going on for the past three years, and is still pending in the courts. Can I transfer all my records to another county since I moved 150 miles away from the town where the divorce was filed? Brette's Answer: I think you're asking if your divorce can be moved to a different locale, and the answer to that is no. It has to be heard in the state and place where the grounds for divorce occurred. Is a social security number required to get a divorce? Emilie's Question: I want to divorce my husband, whom I have not seen him for more than five years. The last time I spoke to him he was in prison. Do I need his Social Security Number to file a divorce? If so how do I get it? Brette: In most states you do need to provide this number. If you have tax returns, it should be on there. If you are unable to obtain the number, it's likely the court would waive the requirement. Do I have to include my address on the divorce papers? Nikki's Question: Is it necessary to put the exact street address in the divorce papers? My husband does not know where I live, and I do not want him too. He is bi-polar, and I am a little afraid of what he might do. I live with a family member, and do not want him causing trouble at their house. Brette's Answer: You need court permission to leave it out. Good luck. Status of Divorce Jackie's Question: My husband filed for divorce more than six months ago, but I have not heard anything yet. How long after getting an index number (which identifies the case in the court system) are the papers good for? Brette's Answer: You should call the court clerk's office and ask them the status of this case. Ask if they have your correct address. Normally you should have heard something by now, but there is no way of knowing the status unless you call and ask. What will happen at the first meeting with our lawyers? Holly's Question: I am going to my first meeting between my husband's attorney and mine. What kind of questions is his attorney going to ask me? Brette's Answer: Since your attorney will be there, you can relax. He or she will tell you if you should answer any questions or allow him or her to speak for you. This is a settlement meeting - not a cross examination. The goal is to try to reach an agreement. Scheduling a Settlement Conference Lee Ann's Question: The judge spoke with my attorney in a conference call, and ordered "the parties and their counsel to meet for an unsupervised settlement conference. This was over four months ago. My husband's attorney has never replied to repeated attempts by my attorney to schedule this meeting. Is there any time limit on how long they have to respond? Or do I just have to wait? Brette's Answer: You really need to talk to your attorney about this. Some states have time limits in which they want cases concluded. 4 months is a long time to wait for a conference. I think you should call your attorney and press him or her about this and say you need to get this resolved and he or she needs to get in touch with the other attorney. If there is truly no response from the other side, the case can go back to court. » Return to top What should I expect from a case management conference? Monica's Question: My spouse and I've been separated for 18 yrs. He is in one state and I am in another. I filed for divorce because neither of us wants to move to where each other is. He hasn't signed papers, so he is in default. I am scheduled to go to a case management conference (don't know exactly what that is) in two weeks, a bit scared and don't know what to expect. Brette's Answer: Don't be scared! A case management conference is usually with the judge's law clerk where the attempt is usually made to settle the case. Since he hasn't appeared, it's just you. It should be very quick and simple. You'll just discuss how the case will proceed from here and what you need to do next. It's nothing to be frightened of and very straightforward. Do I have to attend the deposition? Carla's Question: I have to appear for a deposition meeting with my husband's lawyer. Since depositions are used for trial purposes, what does he need to ask me questions for? He can ask my husband. I recently found out that his lawyer called in his daughter from an ex marriage to ask her questions about me. She doesn't even know me. Is this even ethical? Can I be made to attend the deposition? Your answers have helped me and other women all over the World. Thank you for that. Brette's Answer: You ought to get your own attorney. Yes, you can be required to be deposed. A deposition gives the attorney information to help plan the case. If you had an attorney he could depose your husband. Your husband's daughter can talk to his attorney if your husband agrees. When Your Case Isn't Moving Forward Angela Asks: My divorce petition was filed two years ago and we are waiting on a hearing date. Is there anything I can do to speed up this process? Brette's Answer: First I would talk to your attorney to find out why it is taking so long for your case to move forward. If you do not want to wait for the hearing, you and your spouse can go to mediation to see if a mediator can help you reach an agreement. Mediation is generally quicker and cheaper than a contested court hearing. Good luck. What if nothing has happened since the counterclaim was filed? Claudine's Question: I filed for the divorce based on the grounds of abandonment, and my so-called husband contested the divorce and sent his counterclaim. My lawyer sent a response and a notice of appearance to his lawyer - since then, its complete silence. My lawyer told me that he has not heard from his lawyer. Any tips on getting the divorce to move forward? Brette's Answer: You should ask your attorney to move ahead with scheduling a court date. Good luck. Why there are so many court dates Karyn's Question: Why does it take so long and why are there so many court dates in order to get a divorce? Brette's Answer: The explanation is that there is a procedure that must be followed and it just takes time. Is it too complicated? I think it is. I think that divorce is far too inaccessible for many people. Additionally, frankly, having many court dates is an incentive to get people to settle. The courts are busy and so court dates end up spread apart, instead of happening all at once. What if my ex keeps taking me back to court? Kelli's Question: One full year after our divorce, my ex is taking me back to court a 2nd time claiming contempt, that I am preventing the sale of our house, which I occupy. The first time realtors were present stating that I have been cooperative and nothing is out of line. I think my ex is doing this because he knows that I need to retain an attorney and cannot afford to do so. Can I counter-sue requiring him to pay my legal expenses if he keeps doing this? Brette Answers: Yes, you can make a motion that he pay your fees and be penalized for bringing cases without merit. Can I force him to sign the settlement agreement if he refuses? Jean's Question: I have had a signed mediation agreement for over a month now. Next step is the Separation Agreement to be signed. My husband will not sign this document and states he can take as long as he wants to take, even years. My attorney confirmed he can take as long as he likes also. I don't understand how this can be legal? Is there some law that can help me get my divorce over with - it's been almost a year. Brette's Answer: Of course it's legal. No one can be forced to sign a voluntary agreement. If you get to the point where he won't sign it, your only option is to commence a divorce case. Have you tried asking him why he won't sign it? Does he want to renegotiate? Find that out and go from there. What if his attorney still hasn't drawn up the decree? Question: We went to mediation and agreed on a decree. In the papers, it states that he would get the decree drawn up by his attorney within 3 weeks. It has now been over 2 months. Is there anything I can do to enforce that he holds up to what the agreed decree should be when we went to mediation? Brette's Answer: You should talk to your attorney. Often filing court documents to get the divorce going will jumpstart things. Stalling the Divorce Process Shelley's Question: What can be done if a spouse is intentionally holding up the divorce, (i.e. not taking required parenting classes, refusing to settle, etc.)? My attorney says that my husband's attorney won't return phone calls. He has suggested that we can go back to court and file a motion to hold them in contempt of court and set up another court date. Can you please give us some ideas about what options we have? Brette's Answer: Some spouses do this kind of thing as a delaying tactic. What you would need to do is make the court aware of your spouse's failure to follow through on these orders. You can go back to court with a motion, but in addition ask that he pay your attorney fees resulting from the delay. You're in a good position to have that granted. Also, if your attorney lets his attorney know you're going to ask for that, they'll be sure to quickly process the paperwork and you may be able to avoid the whole thing. Usually a court will give someone a few opportunities to follow through by threatening contempt of court and so on. Once the court is convinced the spouse will never follow through, things will move ahead. What is the consent to divorce and jurisdiction form? Maggie's Question: My husband filed uncontested divorce and his lawyer has asked him to make me sign the "consent to divorce and jurisdiction" form. What will happen if I don't sign this form? Brette's Answer: You don't have to sign anything. It sounds like it is a form saying you are not contesting the divorce. It would be wise to have an attorney review anything before you sign it. Can I get engaged before the divorce is finalized? Sheri's Question: I filed for divorce over two years ago, and my ex has refused to sign the papers. Can I get engaged before my papers are signed? Brette: Yes, you can get engaged while your divorce is pending. Being engaged means nothing in the eyes of the state because is not a legal contract like a marriage. Being engaged could impact your divorce though, since it raises the issue of adultery. How soon can I remarry after I file for a divorce? Nicky's Question: I want to get remarried and have started the divorce proceeding, but my ex didn't sign the papers and we have to go back to court. How long do I have to wait before I can remarry? Brette's Answer: You cannot remarry until your divorce is final. Once it is final you are free to remarry. Some states have a waiting period that must be met before you remarry, so be sure to check the laws of your state. Can I get remarried if I haven't received the finalized divorce papers? Sherry's Question: The judge signed the divorce, but still didn't receive the paper from my lawyer. Can I get remarried now or I need to have the divorce papers in hand? Brette's Answer: It would be best to wait to be certain the divorce has been finalized before remarrying. Could a judge declare me single before the papers are final? Kesha's Question: How can I get a Judge to declare me single before my papers are final and can I get married before my papers come? Brette's Answer: You're not single until your papers are finalized and no judge can make an exception. Good luck. » Return to top Can the court destroy the original marriage license after the divorce? Stacey's Question: Can the court destroy your marriage license after you get divorced, so the next time you get married the other person won't know you were married before? Brette's Answer: No. Marriages are a matter of public record. Someone would only know about a previous marriage if they actually went and searched for it though. Can my husband access my cell phone records? Lynn's Question: Can my husband legally get copies of my cell phone bill and records during the time we were living together? The phone is in my name only as is the bill. Brette's Answer: Not unless he has them subpoenaed. Good luck. Do I have to submit the requested documentation for court? Kristie's Question: Do I have to submit requested documentation for court in a custody case... i.e. medical records, taxes, etc.? Thank you. Brette's Answer: It depends on who is asking. Items requested as part of pre-trial discovery should be turned over, unless you want to wait for them to be subpoenaed. Items requested by the court must be provided. Can he legally videotape me and use it in court? Deborah's Question: We are divorcing, but are still living in the same home with our two young children. My husband has made several attempts and has possibly been successful, to either video tape me or record me when I am taking care of my children. Can he legally use this in court? Is there anything that I can do to stop him from doing this? Brette's Answer: Ask your lawyer if it is illegal to tape someone without permission in your state. If so, the evidence would not be admissible. If it is legal, then yes, he can present the evidence to the court. If you've done nothing wrong, then the court will see that. You need to also speak with your lawyer about getting an order for exclusive residency of the home, which requires the other spouse to move out. This appears to be a volatile situation and I urge you to get legal advice and act carefully. Good luck. Is financial disclosure required if we reach an agreement? Jacqui's Question: Do we have to make full financial disclosure if we have reached an amicable agreement? Will it delay the divorce if we don't? Brette's Answer: You need to complete the financial disclosure. This is important because the court can then see what your finances are and each party is aware of the finances of the other spouse. If you don't complete the financial disclosure, you won't get a divorce. You should speak with an attorney to get some advice. How do I make him provide the financial disclosure information? Beverley's Question: Neither my husband nor his attorney will provide me with copies of his current paycheck stub or the balance of his 401K or IRA. How do I go about getting a subpoena for release of records from my husband's plan administrator of 401K, Fidelity IRA account and current paycheck stub? I was also advised to have an appraiser look at our home and personal property and value it. My husband's attorney says I have to go through him and my husband has to approve of the appraiser. Brette's Answer: You need to ask the court to issue the subpoena on your behalf. You can hire any appraiser you want. If your husband and his attorney will not comply, you need to ask the court to direct them to comply. File a motion. What if he doesn't provide proper documents for financial disclosure? Patti's Question: My ex typed up the mortgage information rather than submit the bank mortgage printouts of payments He also typed up his tax-sheltered annuity figures rather than submit the company information. How can I get the proper documentation? Brette's Answer: You just need to ask the court to order him to provide copies of the actual documents. If not, you or your attorney can just subpoena them. What if he doesn't provide the financial affidavit within the allowed time? Denise's Question: We're going through a divorce and had 30 days to exchange financial affidavits. I filed my financial affidavit with the court and I sent him one as required. The 30 days are up and I have not received his financial affidavit. What happens next? Brette's Answer: The court will order him to turn it over and he'll be given a period of time in which to do so. If he doesn't comply he can be held in contempt. Can I get a copy of the financial disclosure? Linda's Question: Am I legally entitled to a copy of all of the financial disclosure papers that were filled out by my spouse during our divorce proceeding? My attorney has never asked me if I wanted a copy. Brette's Answer: Most definitely. Ask for a copy immediately. Best of luck to you. Why can't I see a copy of my husband's financial disclosure papers? Nelly's Question: My attorney has told me that I am not entitled to a copy of my husband's financial disclosure papers. He also will not give me a copy of the psychologist report saying he isn't allowed to and lastly, he has not filled for subpoenas that I feel are important, saying that the court must do that. Is my attorney correct in his replies to me and do you have advice on these issues? Thanks again for this site and any advice you may have for me. Brette's Answer: If the court orders certain documents to be private then they cannot be disclosed. I would suggest you ask your attorney why he won't let you see these items. If there is a subpoena the court must issue, he needs to make a motion requesting that the court do so. Can I get copies of the transcripts from the deposition? Teresa's Question: Are transcripts from your deposition considered private information or can I release copies of them to whomever I choose? Brette's Answer: Actually they are usually copyrighted by the transcriptionist and you need to purchase copies. But there is nothing to stop you from sharing them as long as the records are not sealed. Can I block my Social Security number on the divorce papers? Erica's Question: Is there any way to have my social security number blocked so my husband won't see it on the divorce papers? Brette's Answer: You can ask the court to keep this information private, but you will likely need to explain why you are making the request. Are we divorced in the US if we got a Canadian divorce? Angela's Question: I was married to the same man twice, first in Canada then in New York one month later. The Canadian court said they divorced us in both countries. Is this legal or am I still married to him? Brette's Answer: The U. S. recognizes marriages and divorces entered by other countries, so it is legal. Can I be arrested if he's accusing me of lying in the divorce? Gracy: I've been divorced for 2 years. My ex-husband calls and leaves message telling me that he is going to have me arrested because there are things that are not true in our divorce. We did our divorce ourselves, and to my knowledge, there is nothing false in it. We both went before the Judge and swore that everything was true, and we were both happy with the divorce. Do I have anything to worry about? Brette's Answer: If you included nothing that is untrue, you have nothing to worry about. Yes, technically if you included false information you could be charged with perjury, but that would be up to the district attorney and it's likely no one would be interested in pursuing anything as small as this. Will the Mississippi cohabitation laws still apply if I left the state? Candace's Question: In Mississippi there is a law that you can't live with someone of the other sex unless you're married to them or they are family. My divorce was final in Mississippi, but I now live in PA. Do I still have to follow that law? Brette's Answer: No. Not unless your divorce decree specifies that as a term. » Return to Questions about the Steps of Divorce Copyright Womans Divorce.com More Information: Preparing for a Divorce The Divorce Process Ask a question Additional legal answers Divorce › How to Divorce › Steps of Divorce Share this page: Facebook Twitter

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http://www.classicfm.com/composers/beethoven/guides/beethovens-life-timeline-part-1/

Beethoven's history: 1770 - 1802

Beethoven's history: 1770 - 1802Part 1 of our Beethoven timeline follows the story of the composer's birth to his Symphony no. 2.1770: Beethoven is born17 December: Beethoven is baptised in the church of St Remigius, Bonn. The date of his birth is not recorded, but since it was customary for baptisms to take place within 24 hours of birth, it is likely he was born on 16 December.177324 December: Beethoven's beloved grandfather, Kapellmeister Ludwig van Beethoven, dies.17748 April: Beethoven's brother Caspar Carl baptised.17762 October: Beethoven's brother Nikolaus Johann baptised.1778: Beethoven's first public appearance26 March: Beethoven's first known public performance, in Cologne. His father advertised his age as six years, although he was in fact seven, probably to draw favourable comparisons with the child prodigy Mozart. He played 'various clavier concertos and trios'.1780Beethoven begins lessons with Gottlob Neefe, who writes of him in Cramer's Magazin der Musik: "He plays the clavier very skilfully and with power [and] reads at sight very well... This youthful genius is deserving of help to enable him to travel. He would surely become a second Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart were he to continue as he has begun. "1783 First compositions Beethoven composes his first piece, aged 12. Nine Variations on a March by Dressler includes clever harmonies, delightful melodic phrasing and hints at his later stormy musical character. Listen below: Ludwig van Beethoven-9 Variations in Cm on a march by Ernst Dressler,Wo O 63Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 7:2414 October: Beethoven publishes the three Kurfürsten Piano Sonatas, dedicated to the Elector of Cologne and Münster, Maximilian Friedrich.1784Beethoven appointed assistant court organist alongside Neefe.1787 Meets Mozart April: Beethoven achieves his long-held ambition to travel to Vienna to meet Mozart, almost certainly thanks to the intervention of his patron Count Waldstein with the new Elector, Maximilian Franz. Barely two weeks after arriving, and having impressed Mozart so much he agrees to take him on as a pupil, Beethoven has to return to Bonn where his mother is dying of consumption. By the time he returns to Vienna nearly five years later, Mozart is dead. 17 July: Beethoven's mother, Maria Magdalena, dies.1789Beethoven's father, Johann van Beethoven, a tenor singer, is forced to retire from the electoral choir, after his increased drinking ruined his voice. On one occasion, after becoming drunk in public, he was arrested - only to be released after Ludwig had pleaded with the police. Because of his alcoholism, he was ordered by the Elector to be banished to a village away from Bonn, and half his salary paid to Ludwig. In fact he remained in Bonn, and for appearance's sake he received his full retirement salary, making half of it over to his son privately.1790 Cantata on the Death of Joseph II; the Cantata on the Elevation of Leopold IIBeethoven composes the Cantata on the Death of Joseph II, and the Cantata on the Elevation of Leopold II. The musicians of the electoral orchestra refuse to perform the first, claiming it is unplayable. December: Haydn passes through Bonn on his way to London. He meets Beethoven, who shows him his scores of the two Cantatas. Haydn, impressed, encourages him to come to Vienna where, he promises, he will take him on as a pupil.1791 The Ritterballet Beethoven composes the Ritterballet, allowing his patron Count Waldstein to claim it as his own composition. Beethoven goes with the electoral orchestra on a trip to Mergentheim. On the boat, which sails up the Rhine and the Main, he is appointed kitchen scullion. 5 December Mozart dies.1792 Beethoven leaves for Vienna November: Beethoven, one month short of his 22nd birthday, leaves Bonn for Vienna to study with Haydn. He has been given six months leave of absence by the elector. In fact he stays in Vienna for the rest of his life - never to return to his home town. 18 December: Beethoven's father dies.1793Beethoven begins lessons with Haydn. The city's most influential musical patrons - particularly Prince Lichnowsky - take Beethoven under their wing, and put him forward to take on the city's piano virtuosos in improvisation contests. One after the other he defeats them and quickly establishes his reputation as the finest piano virtuoso in Vienna.1794 Piano Trios op. 1. Caspar Carl moves to Vienna. Beethoven begins composing Piano Trios op. 1.1795 Piano Sonatas op. 229 March: Beethoven's first public performance in Vienna, where he premieres either his First or Second Piano Concerto. Beethoven composes Piano Sonatas op. 2. Beethoven performs the Piano Trios before Haydn, who is critical of no. 3, advising against publication. Beethoven is furious, but he heals the rift with his teacher when he dedicates the Piano Sonatas to him. Nikolaus Johann moves to Vienna.1796 Cello Sonatas op. 5Beethoven travels with Prince Lichnowsky to Prague, where he gives a concert. He goes on to Dresden, Leipzig and Berlin. In Berlin he composes the Cello Sonatas op. 5.1797 The beginning of Beethoven's deafness? Beethoven gives the first performance of Quintet op. 16 at Jahn's restaurant in the Himmelpfortgasse. In the summer of this year he falls seriously ill. It is possibly typhus and could mark the beginning of his deafness.1798 Trios op. 9; the Trio op. 11; the three Violin Sonatas op. 12In an extraordinary burst of creativity at the start of the year, Beethoven completes the Piano Sonatas op. 10, composes the three string Trios op. 9, the Trio op. 11, and the three Violin Sonatas op. 12. Later in the year he begins work on the Septet op. 20 and composes the huge Pathétique Sonata op. 13.1799 First String Quartets op. 18Beethoven meets the double bass virtuoso Domenico Dragonetti, performing a cello (!) sonata with him. Beethoven composes his first String Quartets op. 18, and begins work on Symphony no. 1.1800: Premiere of the First Symphony Beethoven defeats the celebrated Prussian piano virtuoso Daniel Steibelt in an improvisation contest at the palace of Prince Lobkowitz, and is never again asked to take part in an improvisation contest. His position as Vienna's greatest piano virtuoso is secure and remains unchallenged for the rest of his life. 2 April: Beethoven's first benefit concert, at the Burgtheater in Vienna. He premieres the Septet and the First Symphony, and performs one of his two completed Piano Concertos. He also improvises on the piano. At the concert he meets Archduke Rudolph, accompanied by his mother, Empress Theresia. Beethoven begins work on Symphony no. 2.1801: Moonlight Sonata Beethoven composes music for The Creatures of Prometheus. Beethoven's great friend from his childhood in Bonn, Stephan von Breuning, moves to Vienna. 29 June: In a long letter to his old friend Dr Franz Wegeler in Bonn, Beethoven mentions his deafness for the first time. '...for the last three years my hearing has become worse...' 26 July: Elector Max Franz dies at Hetzendorf, Vienna. Beethoven subsequently changes the dedication of his First Symphony to Baron van Swieten. October: Ferdinand Ries, son of Franz Ries the leader of the electoral orchestra in Bonn, arrives in Vienna. Beethoven welcomes him and takes him on as secretary. Beethoven falls in love with Countess Giulietta Guicciardi, and dedicates the Sonata quasi una Fantasia to her. Many years later, after his death, it acquires the nickname Moonlight Sonata.1802: Symphony no. 2Baron Braun refuses Beethoven his anticipated benefit concert. April: Beethoven moves to Heiligenstadt north of Vienna for the summer to relieve his hearing. In Heiligenstadt he composes the Prometheus (Eroica) Variations op. 35 and the three Piano Sonatas op. 31. He completes Symphony no. 2. 6 October: Beethoven writes the Heiligenstadt Testament, his last will and testament, publicly acknowledging his deafness for the first time ... "Oh, all you people who think or say that I am hostile to you, or that I am stubborn, or that I hate mankind, you do not realise the wrong that you do me... I am deaf ..."Beethoven timeline part 2: 1803-12 >

D1068578

http://rhonawaxman.com/faq/sue-for-more-than-insurance-coverage/

In a personal injury lawsuit, can you sue for more than the insurance coverage?

In a personal injury lawsuit, can you sue for more than the insurance coverage? May 10, 2009 No Comments Yes, in a personal injury lawsuit you can sue for more than the insurance coverage or insurance limits of the defendant’s insurance policy. If you get a judgement for more money than the insurance limits of the person you are suing you may be able to collect the excess of the judgement. You can go against the defendant personally. If your personal injury lawsuit is as a result of an auto accident, you can also claim under-insurance coverage from your own insurance policy. Almost everyone’s car insurance policy will have under-insurance coverage. This means, if the person you are suing has less insurance coverage than you do, you can sue your own insurance company to cover you for the difference between the defendant’s policy and your own. For example: if you got a judgement in a motor vehicle accident claim for $500,000 and the defendant’s insurance limits are only $200,000 while your limits are $1,000,000. You will collect $200,000 from the defendant’s insurance company and the excess, $300,000, from your own insurance company pursuant to your under-insurance coverage.0Share This Facebook Twitter E-Mail+About Rhona L. Waxman For more than 25 years I have fought passionately for the rights of accident victims as a personal injury lawyer. I hold 2 law degrees from Mc Gill University and I'm a certified specialist in Civil Litigation in Ontario. In 1992 I founded the law firm Rhona L. Waxman Law Offices located in Hamilton, Ontario so I could focus primarily on the area of law that interests me most: Representing the seriously injured and disabled in their claims against insurance companies. When I am outside the courtroom I enjoy theatre, acting, traveling, reading, and spending quality time with friends and family. Hamilton Personal Injury Lawyer Know your legal rights. Get the compensation you deserve! If you've been injured in an accident or have an insurance claim, I will help you reduce your worry and stress to a minimum and ensure you recieve best medical and rehabilitation services available. Contact Us Online GIVE US A CALL US TODAY:905-540-5555Related Posts My lawyer wants me to see his injury doctor. Is that normal? (December 3, 2009)What is a lawyer’s role at an examination for discovery? (August 19, 2009)My insurance company’s medical examination denied me surgery. (June 7, 2009)Leave a reply Please enter an answer in digits:three × five =Prev Post Next Post

D1117957

http://ehealthforum.com/health/bad-odor-from-vagina-t168987.html

Bad odor from vagina (Page 1)

mil13r February 4th, 2009its very embarrassing, but i have a really bad odour coming from my vagina. it might sound gross but it smells like fart :$ & people have also picked up on the smell and i just have to say sorry ive passed wind. my discharge doesnt smell that pleasent either. its not a sexually transmitted diisease as i havent had sex. its been going on for a few months, esspecially worse after my period but this time its lingered on a lot longer than 2 days. im really embarrassed about going to the doctors. is there anything that could be prescribe to prevent going. :/ ?? Did you find this post helpful? First Helper samantharichmond Tell a Friend | Reportlollisareplied February 4th, 2009ok first and foremost you should deff. see a doctor it could be your diet. drink lots of water and stay away form too much red meats. try not to wash your vagina with soap too often if you want use an antibacterial soap or try diluting some vinegr in water and clean yourself when you bathe.the vinegar helps in balancing the natural acidic balance. but dont use too much vinegar Tell a Friend | Report Did you find this post helpful?georgousreplied June 7th, 2011If your'e pregnant and haven't went to the doctor,should you still use the vinegar.................cuz it smells so often that i don't wanna have sex Tell a Friend | Report Did you find this post helpful?kb8010replied February 7th, 2009baking soda I have heard of using baking soda to wash with. Tell a Friend | Report Did you find this post helpful?justgivingmy2centsreplied March 24th, 2012see a doctor,preferrably a nice lady for an OBit may sound embarassing but u have to see the doctor it can only vagina bacteriosis which is caused by a bacteria, my OB told me it was normal for ladies as our vagina is really sensitive.overwashing,underwashing,harsh/h armful fem wash can be the cause not necessarily poor hygene. What i did was, i made sure i shaved and wash my private part thoroughly and my OB used some sort of cotton buds to get a specimen and tested it and we found out its a positive Vagina Bacteriosis, after 1 week of antibiotic my nightmare is totally over Tell a Friend | Report Did you find this post helpful?nevershoutneverloverreplied June 2nd, 2009i have the exact same problem right now!!! im really stessed out about it. did you ever figure out what it was? if so would you please let me know what it was for you. im really embarrassed to go see my doctor. or talk about it to anyone. Tell a Friend | Report Did you find this post helpful? Paige Carterreplied June 3rd, 2009Hello. I know the solution to your problem. I have had yeast infection before. For me, during pregnancy, that is usually the time that the infection occurs, with a cheesy white to yellowish smelly discharge and itching on the genital. I was afraid to take medication since I was pregnant that is why I turned to Natural and Home made remedies and it was quite successful. I just hope it works for you too... Natural Remedies ⢠Dip your tampon into yogurt, insert it in your vagina, and let it stay there for a few hours. Do this twice a day, and continue this remedy for an extra day once the itchiness and burning have gone away. Make sure that you use plain and unsweetened yogurt. ⢠Garlic has strong antifungal properties. You may chew and swallow at least one raw garlic clove every day. For non-vaginal yeast infections, you may apply garlic paste on the affected area. ⢠Mix 1 tablespoon of apple cider vinegar with 2 cups of water. Put one clove of crushed garlic in it. Let the mixture stand for some time before using it as vaginal douche. ⢠Pour a few drops of tea tree oil on a tampon and insert it on the vagina. ⢠Extracts of aloe vera plant can relieve itching and burning sensations in oral, vaginal, and penile yeast infections. Additional Home Remedies ⢠Make a paste out of water and elm powder. Apply the mixture to the affected area. This will relieve itching, but will not kill the fungus that's responsible for infection. ⢠Mix a teaspoon of hydrogen peroxide with 1 cup of water. Douche the solution once a day, and continue until a day after the itchiness and burning sensations subside. I hope you will find this helpful. PAIGETell a Friend | Report Did you find this post helpful?samantharichmondreplied September 28th, 2009no way should at any time should a woman douche herself with hydrogen peroxide at any time you silly girl .douching is not a safe thing to do anyway and also never put any undiluted oils on youre vagina 1 drop of tee tree iol to match one half pint of water to wash with externally Tell a Friend | Report Did you find this post helpful?fearyreplied July 21st, 2010I have a oder coming from the vagina area it is a fishy smell i have had a historectamy a year ago could that b it i can smell it but my fiance says he cant why Tell a Friend | Report Did you find this post helpful? Aghhreplied December 1st, 2010I am having the same thing!! I have been to the doctor twice within the past 4 months for it. The first time they gave me antibiotics that I take for 7 or 10 days (dont remember) then the second time they gave me about 4 pills (stronger antibiotic) to take all at once.... for a bacterial infection. NO change. I have sensitive skin and wash my clothes in dye/perfume free soap... along with my body. I haven't changed anything in my routine, so I can't understand why there is a horible odor (not fishy). I don't itch and there isnt really any extra discharge.... I am a student and I don't have insurance so I can't afford to keep going back to the doctor!! !Tell a Friend | Report Did you find this post helpful?helpme71128replied December 7th, 2010thats the same thing im going through. sensitive skin and my first yeast infection was when i was prego with our twins and used a different soap and my gyno. told me to go back to my dove sensitive skin soap. its worse after i have sex and ive been tested for vaginitous (dont know if i spelled that right) and it was negative. no discharge except if i stick my finger deep inside and its thin and white and thats what smells. its not the usual fishy period smell but more cheesy or poopy. ive never experienced this b4 and although my hubby and i have been together the jist of 16 years and he says it doesnt bother him, it bothers me alot. what the heck is going on? anyone? Tell a Friend | Report Did you find this post helpful? Questions An Answersreplied February 20th, 2012I had this same problem an so I would alwys sit with my legs closed as tight as possable and then as soon as I would open them or stand up it smelt like I let one rip and I was so fricken pissed one day an I wanted to know what the problem was so I stuck my fingers up as far as they would go an when I took them our it smelt like i I just pooped on them or kinda like a wet diaper kinda smell an it was a sorta thicker mucous. So I looked up bacterial vaginosis an went to my doctor an told him thats what I thought i had an he didnt swab me or test me or anything he just perscribed me meds an I took them for seven days an the smell went away but because I was so concious about the smell all the time sometimes I think my subcincious plays trucks on me an I think I smell it sometimes so idk if it was even bv because my doctor never tested me fore it an there are so many bacterial infections that have the same symptoms so it could have been anything. But now im freaking out because I read that herpes has a foul odor sometimes but I havent broken out in bumps or anything . So im freaking out an plus im 4 monthes prego an I would never be able to forgive myself if my baby came out with herpes in the eyes an had to live with it the rest of his or her life:/ but if u find out what the smell was could u give me a heads up? I just wany my baby to be ok. Im not even worried about myself to be honest. Tell a Friend | Report Did you find this post helpful?helpme71128replied December 8th, 2010am i doing this right? i wrote this yesterday and theres no reply. sorry im new at this. Tell a Friend | Report Did you find this post helpful?helpme71128replied December 21st, 2010helloooooooo, is there anybody out there????? Tell a Friend | Report Did you find this post helpful?curiouskilledkittyreplied January 6th, 2011Why do i smell bad down there?i have the same thing..god id love an answer. it all started when i took antibiotics for a urine infection. I went back to the doctors cuz i had a creamy discharge and it did not smell or itch. its was just more than usual. i didnt want him t check me out dwn there because it was just a walk in clinc old dude. we both said lets assume that it was some type of yeast infection. he gave me cream. AND NOW the white discharge is gone and i am left with a clear discharge that smells fowl. comes out once in awhile. help!! im so embaressed. i have never had problems down there! !Tell a Friend | Report Did you find this post helpful?helpme71128replied January 13th, 2011i hate to scare everyone, but my dr. is testing me for HIV now. i've only been with my hubby for the last 6 an a halk years and long term relationships b-4 that. also i got tested for everything when i was prego with my twins 5 years ago, so i dont know. my dr. said i probly dont have anything but its precautionary. anyway im scared now. so i hope you all can at least ask your dr.s more questions bout it so u dont end up like me right now, which is, i havent even gotten the tests done and kinda freakin out. good luck all. and i'd still luv to hear any other comments or solutions. Tell a Friend | Report Did you find this post helpful?helpme71128replied January 13th, 2011sorry, let me clarify something. my hubby and i have been off and on for 17 years and by that i mean we would be together for 2 years break up, 2 years later go out for a few, and so on and so forth untill we stopped the maddness and decided it was fate that brought us together over and over. so we've actually been married for 6 and a half years. i read my comment and thought no one would undertand the details if i didnt write em. thanx guys!Tell a Friend | Report Did you find this post helpful?lovepepperdrreplied February 13th, 2011miserable I am 18 years old and since I was a sopohmore in HS i have had a odor from my vagina that smells like poo. I don't know what to do because it smells like it everyday. I don't know what i should do to stop this smell or what is making me smell like it all the time. People think that i poop my pants everyday but i don't, i never do. i have a problem and its making me miserable with my friends and other people. I need to solve this problem quick. Is it what I eat or do I have a infection? What should I cut out of my eating...dairy?meat? too much fiber? I feel like a dirty person because of my vaginal odor. What can I do? This has been going on too long, I need to do something... Tell a Friend | Report Did you find this post helpful?tribby55replied March 4th, 2011I just sniffed my GF's vagina and it smells like fart!!!! Please help!! !Tell a Friend | Report Did you find this post helpful? Sammi Renareplied March 4th, 2011I'm having the same problem, and I kept saying yes, yes, yes everytime you said something that's happened to me! I really want to know an answer, because i'm freaking out! The odor smells so fishy, I have that creamy discharge, and it sometimes itches down their. I don't put in tampons, and I've never had sex before, so I was kinda confused when I thought I had some STD or something. I wanted to go to a doctor, but I'm only 13, and they said I didn't have to come in until I started have sex. Sooo, I don't know what to do! I really hope you get an answer, because I need one... Thanks? Tell a Friend | Report Did you find this post helpful?femalehelpreplied March 11th, 2011Hey girl, i use to suffer with really bad discharge and smell. it was quite embarrassing. I thought i was nasty all over, but i went to a homeopathic doctor a few yrs back and she suggested i start taking probiotics to balance my yeast and bacteria levels. Ive bn on yefense probiotics since and i havent had a funky veejayjay sinc and im npt wel all the time downthere either. good luck Tell a Friend | Report Did you find this post helpful? Aand Emomreplied July 28th, 2011Its called Vaginosis. Simple answer is to see a doctor. They will prescribe antibiotics. Its a bacteria infection. Its normal, almost everyone gets it. Tell a Friend | Report Did you find this post helpful? Aand Emomreplied July 28th, 2011Vaginosis Its called Vaginosis. Simple answer is to see a doctor. They will prescribe antibiotics. Its a bacteria infection. Its normal, almost everyone gets it. Tell a Friend | Report Did you find this post helpful?1 2 3 >>Quick Reply

D2490699

https://www.continuetolearn.uiowa.edu/laborctr/child_labor/about/causes.html

Building the labor movement through education

Building the labor movement through education The mission of The University of Iowa Labor Center is to provide educational programs and research support to Iowa’s working people and their organizations. Since 1951, the Labor Center has acted as a bridge between the University and Iowa’s labor community. We offer a wide range of non-credit courses designed for labor union members and leaders on topics including: steward education and contract administration, collective bargaining, labor and employment law, public policy issues, leadership development, organizing and mobilizing, economics, labor history, and much more. If you are interested in attending classes, several options are available: Attend a Labor Center class at the University of Iowa Host a Labor Center class in your union or community Sponsor a Labor Center class through your Area Labor Federation Each year, the Labor Center holds open-enrollment short courses and seminars on campus dealing with core issues facing workers and their unions. Find out about upcoming courses. Go →Our teaching staff can work with your local union or state/regional council to tailor a class to your specific needs. We are available to travel throughout Iowa (and sometimes beyond) to hold classes at locations and times that are convenient for your members. Go →Learn more about options for chapters of Iowa Area Labor Federations to host free courses through a unique program funded by the Iowa Federation of Labor, AFL-CIO. Go →Latest News Building Workers' Power, April 7, 2018Download program flyer Labor Short Course, April 23-27, 2018Download program flyer Understanding Iowa Public Sector Bargaining Download brochure Iowa Worker Rights Project Free workshops available Download flyer Articles Iowa Labor History Society Brochure Iowa Labor HRead more...

D309347

http://nationalphlebotomycertification.com/how-long-is-a-phlebotomy-certification-good-for/

How Long Is A Phlebotomy Certification Good For

How Long Is A Phlebotomy Certification Good For Certified Phlebotomist, Bristol Hospital – APPLY NOWRequirements: High School diploma Certification in Phlebotomy multiple tasks given to self and others over long Strong interpersonal skills; strong phlebotomy skills. Adaptability and flexibility necessary for work schedule and patient care requirements. Good command of the… Get Document CLC Phlebotomy Program Handbook Physical stamina to work long periods of time (4-8 hours) at tasks that demand bending, Keep equipment and working area clean and in good order. NATIONAL CERTIFICATION EXAMINATION After the phlebotomy students have completed the program, they are eligible to take the… Retrieve Here Practicing Phlebotomy Quality Management Part 2 Patients requiring phlebotomy services rate the care they receive not just on lab results but also on the following: How long they Good Job! Phlebotomy Quality Control Quality control is the process in and Accreditation Agencies Responsible for Phlebotomy Certification … Read Document NCCT Candidate TIME ALLOTMENTS FOR CERTIFICATION EXAMINATIONS * Medical Assistant Phlebotomy Technician NCCT credentials may only be used as long as certification is valid and the certificant remains in good standing. … Get Content Here COURSE TITLE: Phlebotomy Technician CREDIT HOURS:0 …The applicant must be able to exercise good judgment in addition to the development of mature Upon graduation, the student will be prepared to seek phlebotomy certification and secure employment as a Lab Coat- long sleeves, either white or matching scrubs 2. … View Full Source Polaris Career Center Course Syllabus Phlebotomy Adult Course Information Instructor: Cathy Good Phone: 440-891-7635 the ability to stand or walk for long periods of time. 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May be required to stand for long … Doc Viewer CLC Phlebotomy Program Clinical Affiliate Handbook Graduates of this program are eligible for certification by nationally recognized certifying agencies. Physical stamina to work long periods of time (4-8 hours) at tasks that demand bending, Exercise good judgment in addition to the development of mature and sensitive … Access Full Source Ventura College Phlebotomy Training Program Fall 2011 …Phlebotomy requires good handeye coordination and National examination and state certification: National examination procedures and state If so, for how long ?_____ … Content Retrieval Q & A• How long is the class? o 120 hours of class/lab clinical components, you will be eligible to sit for a National Certification Exam. The American Society of Phlebotomy • What are my chances of finding a job in phlebotomy? o Very good. … Fetch Here Phlebotomy Technician Certification Program Information Packet Phlebotomy Technician Certification Program Information Packet Center for Does their program lead to national certification? Do they have a good reputation? on their clinical rotation and are to perform phlebotomy procedures only in the presence of their supervising staff. Q. How long … Read Full Source PRIMARY PHLEBOTOMY RESPONSIBILITIESMust have a medical certification; acceptable certifications include National Phlebotomy Certification, Certified Medical Assistant, Certified Nursing Requires good general health. May be required to stand for long periods of time while performing duties. … Fetch Here The Phlebotomy Pioneer Issue 2Well, it’s important to know that good leaders help to foster growth in their followers 00 Effective leaders are motivators IF YOU’RE LEADING WHO’S FOLLOWING? National Phlebotomy Association Certification To prevent those hefty costs in the long run, hosting flu vaccinations in the workplace… View Document Assistant, Medical Administrative Specialist, Dental …There is no financial obligation to the school for certification. Q: How long before the test do I have • Medical Assistant 3.0 hrs • Dental Assistants 3.0 hrs • Phlebotomy *All testing policies are subject to change without notice* Good Luck on Your Certification Examination! … Retrieve Here Matching School Ads Pima Medical Institute Your success is our priority. For more than 40 years, we have dedicated ourselves to healthcare education because we want you to become the best healthcare professional possible. Our instructors and staff are dedicated to providing you with the in-demand, hands-on education employers expect so that you may thrive in your profession. 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Classes start November 13!Programs: Locations: Federal Way Matching School Ads Categories: National Phlebotomy Certification - Tags: accreditation agencies, high school diploma, polaris career center, time allotments

D3153795

https://intermountainhealthcare.org/services/wellness-preventive-medicine/live-well/move-well/healthy-hikes/find-a-hike/waterfall-canyon/

Trail Images

Trail Images Overview Waterfall Canyon is a popular hike in the foothills above Ogden. The trail climbs up a steep canyon to the base of a beautiful 200-foot waterfall. This family friendly hike is suitable for most healthy adults and children but can be quite strenuous at times especially the last half of the hike that climbs a steep and rugged trail to the base of the falls. Trailhead The hike to Waterfall Canyon begins at the 29th Street Trailhead in Ogden ( 41.210712,-111.931926 ). From Ogden, drive east on 30th Street until it ends at Polk Avenue. Turn left onto Polk Avenue and drive two blocks. Turn right on 29th Street and continue to the end of the road, turning right into the trailhead parking area on Buchanan Avenue. Restrooms available at the trailhead. The Route From the parking area at the 29th Street Trailhead, begin hiking up the trail headed east that is signed for the Bonneville Shoreline Connector Trail. Small print on the bottom of the sign confirms this is the correct route to Waterfall Canyon. Continue on the connector trail as it climbs up the hillside, gaining about 100 feet in elevation before arriving at a larger trail. Turn right here and follow the trail as it traverses the foothills toward Waterfall Canyon. This section of the trail is generally smooth and not very difficult with outstanding views of the Ogden area. As the trail passes by two large abandoned water tanks, it turns east and begins heading up Waterfall Canyon. Continue for about a quarter mile to where the trail crosses a small creek on a wooden bridge. Just beyond this bridge, take the unsigned trail on the left ( 41.209352,-111.930806 ). This junction is very easy to miss with no signage, so pay close attention after crossing the wooden bridge. From the junction near the bridge, the character of the trail changes, becoming much more steep and rugged as it climbs the final 520 feet of elevation to the base of the falls. This section of the trail can be particularly difficult on busy weekends as hikers try to squeeze past. Be courteous to fellow hikers and always yield to uphill traffic. After 1.4 miles, the trail arrives at the base of the namesake 200-foot waterfall ( 41.200352,-111.920101 ). For much of the year, the falls aren’t much more than a trickle but are still a beautiful sight as the water cascades down the massive limestone wall. Be sure to keep an eye on children while at the falls. The rocks in the area have a ledge-like structure that may seem easy to climb, but they are actually very loose and dangerous. Several accidents have occurred here over the years, some of which have resulted in fatalities. Round trip mileage from the trailhead to the base of the falls is approximately 2.8 miles with about 1,020 feet of elevation gain. Rules and Regulations Keep pets on leash. Clean up after pets. No littering. Pack out what you pack in. Special Considerations Some hikers may appreciate trekking poles or a walking stick for the steep portions of this hike. Credits This trail guide is provided by Backcountry Post.

D1323860

https://investorrelations.discover.com/investor-relations/overview/default.aspx

Corporate Profile

Corporate Profile Discover Financial Services (NYSE: DFS) is a direct banking and payment services company with one of the most recognized brands in U. S. financial services. Read More Recent News & Events More: Events | News Loading... Featured Presentation1 of 16View on Slide Share Corporate Responsibility See the many ways we are making a difference in the lives of our customers, our employees, and in the communities in which we live and work. Read more

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https://www.fi.edu/history-resources/weather-instruments

Weather Instruments

Weather Instruments In his lifetime, Ben Franklin made a number of discoveries and tinkered with various inventions. Weather was a topic that continuously fascinated him, and he gave us the famous quote, "Some are weatherwise; some are otherwise. "Throughout his life, he studied various aspects of the weather and proposed models to describe the progression of storm systems across North America. Franklin is particularly remembered for his kite-and-key experiments with lightning. Weather and the instruments used to measure it are still an important part of The Franklin Institute and its collections. The Franklin Institute has long considered weather science a significant field of study. It was the first institution to establish a meteorological station in the state of Pennsylvania. The weather instruments found in our Attic provide a glimpse at what earlier forecasters used to predict the weather, how instruments have changed and stayed the same over time, and how The Franklin Institute continues to value scientific topics that Ben himself found just as important so many years ago. This weather instrument is called a Minimum-Maximum thermometer. Weather Bureau instrument. Dry and Wet Bulbs. Handle and thermometers. Psychrometer. Barometer. Thermometer. Inscription. L. C. Francis inscription. Show next slide This Minimum-Maximum thermometer is used to record the highest and lowest temperatures observed over a 24-hour period. There are many uses for a minimum-maximum thermometer; one example would be to measure how low the temperature dropped in a greenhouse overnight to figure out exactly when it gets too cold for the plants or flowers to survive. This particular thermometer was made by W. H. Kessler Co., Inc. Aneroid barometers are instruments used for measuring the pressure of the air in the atmosphere. They weren't invented until the 1840s—years after Franklin's time. High or rising pressure means that clear, sunny weather is expected, while falling or low pressure is a sign of rain or an approaching storm. As air pressure increases, it pushes down on a metal diaphragm, which in turn causes the indicating needle to move. This aneroid barometer was made in Germany and sits on an octagonal wooden base. A sling psychrometer, the simplest type of hygrometer, measures the relative humidity of the surrounding air by comparing the temperatures of one dry and one wet bulb thermometer. A small chain on the end of the wooden handle attaches the thermometers to each other. The psychrometer is spun around rapidly for a few minutes and readings are taken from the dry and wet bulbs. After these readings are taken, there is a scale that is used to correlate the readings. The relative humidity is read at the intersection of the RH scale and the wet bulb temperature. It was built especially for the Museum with funds provided by an Act of Legislature (March 31, 1837) that authorized the spending of $2,000 for work in meteorology and the purchase of instruments for each county of the state of Pennsylvania. (There was an additional $1,000 expenditure for each of the two following years.) The barometer is 42 inches tall, and has a mercury thermometer on it. The inscription reads: "Furnished to Philadelphia City by the Joint Committee of Meteorology of the American Philosophical Society and the Franklin Institute of Pennsylvania by the Authority of the State of Pennsylvania." It was made by L. C. Francis, Philadelphia. Replica of first mechanical anemometer, acquired from Blue Hill Observatory in Milton, MA. Seal on the anemometer. Scale markings. Ball pendulum and scale. Intersection of scale and pendulum. Scale forumla. Show next slide The anemometer pictured above is a modern version of Robert Hooke's 1667 anemometer, a device Benjamin Franklin was probably familiar with. An anemometer is a device used for measuring wind speed. The pressure of the wind moves the aluminum ball pendulum and the velocity of the wind is read from the scale. This instrument is 14.5 inches tall and was a part of The Franklin Institute's weather center for many years. Anemometers, barometers, thermometers, psychrometers—they're just everyday devices used to measure the weather, right? Yet these items from the Attic's weather collection are more than that; they are an important representation of The Franklin Institute and what it has grown to symbolize over the years. These are instruments that have weathered time, use, and collection; they represent the enduring science and continuous learning that have always been an important part of The Franklin Institute and will continue to be for many anniversaries to come. Note: The objects pictured above are part of The Franklin Institute's protected collection of objects. The images are © The Franklin Institute. All rights are reserved.

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http://www.studymode.com/subjects/what-are-the-differences-between-formal-and-informal-data-collection-processes-page1.html

"What Are The Differences Between Formal And Informal Data Collection Processes" Essays and Research Papers

"What Are The Differences Between Formal And Informal Data Collection Processes" Essays and Research Papers What Are The Differences Between Formal And Informal Data Collection Processes1.1. Background In this study I aim to investigate formal, non- formal and informal Art education/training in South Africa. The argument will take the form of a comparison between formal art education and informal art education. A brief background about art education in South Africa will be provided. The argument will be based on four South African artists who are Mbongeni Buthelezi, Diane Victor, Sfiso Ka-Mkame and Jane Alexander. The practice of segregated schooling in South Africa began during... Alternative education, Art, Education 2092 Words | 6 Pages Open Document Formal and Informal Organisations Introduction This essay is based on Formal and Informal organisations and the details and differencebetween the two. Recommendations and conclusions are also drawn based on the information presented. Formal and Informal Organisations The fundamental concepts of formal and informal organisations are regarded with the nature and processes in the workplace. A formal organization is the actual framework of the organization including its organizational chart and its chain of command which determines... Formal organization, Informal organization, Management 921 Words | 3 Pages Open Document What Is the Difference Between Data, Information and Knowledge? What is the difference between Data, Information and Knowledge? Data, information and knowledge are often referred to and used to represent the same thing. However, each term has its own meaning. By defining what data, information and knowledge mean individually, a greater understanding can be reached. It is also important to look at how they interact with each other. Knowledge, by definition, is the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject. It is the acquisition of information through... Brain, Cognition, Computer 1003 Words | 3 Pages Open Document Formal and informal organizationinterrelationship between formal & informal organization. This question requires the discussion interrelationship between formal organization and informal organization. First we want to know about what the formal organization is and what the informal organization is. Formal organization is a fixed set of rules of intra-organization procedures and structures. As such, it is usually set out in writing; with a language of rules that ostensibly leave little discretion for interpretation also the informal organization... Formal organization, Informal organization, Management 1003 Words | 6 Pages Open Document Difference Between Data and Information Difference between data and information Comparison chart EMBED THIS CHART |Improve this chart | Data |Information | |Meaning: | Data is raw, unorganized facts that need to |When data is processed, organized, structured| | |be processed. Data can be something simple |or presented in a given context so as to make| | |and seemingly random... Brain, Data, Human brain 1167 Words | 5 Pages Open Document Informal and Formal Debatethat demonstration as the failure of time and culture as the problem from a very topdown basis. CR: There is a contradiction on architects’ fascination about culture and the unclearness of it. Culture changes and it’s difficult to predict where the inspiration comes from and what new media will be coming. A top down decision like creating a cultural district as hardware is denying and intimacy with the software for culture to take root. The idea of cultural district is by zooming out in a classical modern city, any successful case should ... Architect, City, Formal 5307 Words | 15 Pages Open Document Grammatical Person and Formal Writing Informal Defining Informal and Formal Writing Informal Writing/Writing to Learn: Writing for the main purpose of finding out if students understand material, have completed reading, or done assigned work. Formal Writing/Learning to Write: Writing for the main purpose of having the student present content from the discipline in a style and form that practitioners could readily recognize and accept. Informal Writing By articulating their analyses and opinions on paper, students digest information more quickly... Audience, Communication, Creative writing 1198 Words | 5 Pages Open Documentformal and informal culture Formal cultural system is essential to creating an ethical workplace. In the simplest form, an ethical workplace can be described as an organization whereby ethical behavior is practices and spread among its entire employees. Upon joining an organization, individual employees naturally become part of an organization culture that influences them in how they think and behave ethically. So, what is an organization culture? It is defined as the underlying assumption, beliefs, values, attitude and expectation... Business ethics, Ethical code, Ethical leadership 1904 Words | 6 Pages Open Document Importance of Informal and Formal Languagepace and informality in the English language is on the rise. In places where formal language was once a must, informality has taken over, and questions are raised over whether formal language still has a place in modern English. However, despite changes, formal language is still in use and is still expected and considered the most appropriate method of address in many situations. In written and spoken communication, formal language has the ability to convey knowledge and provide a sense of occasion... Context-free grammar, Dialect, Formal 978 Words | 3 Pages Open Documentdata collection methods Data Collection Methods. Introduction Data collection is the process of gathering and measuring information on variables of interest, in an established systematic fashion that enables one to answer stated research questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate outcomes. Data Collection Techniques include the following: Personal Interviews Conducting personal interviews is probably the best method of data collection to gain first hand information. It is however, unsuitable in cases where there... Cluster sampling, Data collection, Random sample 1670 Words | 7 Pages Open Document What is the difference between Kirat Hundle 1. What is the difference between an element and a compound? An element is an isotope made of the number of neutrons it has. A compound is a substance made of two or more different elements (a mixture). 2. What is the periodic table? A periodic table is where the chemical elements are organized based on their atomic number (number of protons in the nucleus), electron arrangement, and chemical properties. 3. Give two examples of each of the four major mineral groups (silicates, carbonates... Chemical element, Igneous rock, Metamorphic rock 644 Words | 2 Pages Open Document What Is The Difference Between Formal And Informal Power What is the difference between formal and informal power? How does one gain power? Which type of power does a nurse leader have? Formal power is given to someone related to the job and position held in the organization. Depending on the position, authority varies and decision making power can be more or less. In other hand, informal power is something a person earned himself. Informal power has unique characteristics depending on the education, experience, and expertise in certain field. These... Critical thinking, Health care, Management 2246 Words | 8 Pages Open Document Differences Between "Formal Research" and "Business Proposals"Part 1 Differences between “ Formal Research” and “Business Proposals” There is a great differencebetween a formal research proposal and a business proposal. In fact these two types of proposals seem to be very similar but there are critical differences in the overall purpose, uses and goals. With such distinct differences for a writer it helps in understanding for writing the formal research proposal or business proposal more effectively. The general purpose of a proposal is the identify a particular... Business, Human resource management, Human resources 1413 Words | 5 Pages Open Document What is Organizational Psychologyemployees must follow. No organization can become successful if the individuals within the organization are doing what they want without consciousness of how other individuals’ behavior (Jex, 2008). Members of the organizational psychology field focus mainly upon studying formal organizations; however, this does not mean businesses or profit-making organizations are the only formal organizations of interest. This is a common misconception among psychologists trained in other areas of psychology... Industrial and organizational psychology, Informal organization, Organization 1060 Words | 4 Pages Open Document Formal Research Part 1 - Formal Research and Business Proposals Part 2 - Outsourcing Effect on Leadership Performance and Employee Commitment Valerie H. Montalvo American Intercontinental University Abstract The purpose of this research paper is to outlines important and high level differences between the formal research and business proposals and several applications in business for both. There are differences and similarities that include the definition of the issue and the written approach to... Human resources, Management, Outsourcing 2441 Words | 5 Pages Open Document What Is Informal Education What Is Informal Education? Introduction Finding a concise definition of informal education that is acceptable to all is an insurmountable task, since the likelihood of dissension would be substantial (Seale, 2008). Nevertheless, in this short study we will look at the principles and values, theoretical practice and practical application of informal education. To better understand the concept and ambition of the discipline, we will concurrently explore examples drawn from my own experience. Definitions ... Alternative education, Democracy, Education 2515 Words | 7 Pages Open Document What Is the Difference Between Ecosystem and Ecology What is the difference between ecosystem and ecology? Ecosystem is the physical system (an open system) in which the mutual interaction between biotic and aboitic component motored by the energy component is studied. While the Ecology is the science which study the interrelation between Abiotic (inorganic) and Biotic (organic) components as well as the interaction among the biotic component. To make it more clear, ecosystem is the fundamental unit of ecological study. Ecology vs Ecosystem... Abiotic component, Biology, Biotic component 728 Words | 3 Pages Open Document What Is Organizational What Is Organizational Psychology Michelle Kylen Psych 570 May 20, 2013 Anthony Casas What Is Organizational Psychology This paper will consist of what organizational psychology is about. The following will define organizational psychology. The explanation of the evolution in organizational psychology will consist of the following information. This paper will show the comparison and the contrast of organizational... Applied psychology, Behavioural sciences, Industrial and organizational psychology 1232 Words | 5 Pages Open Document Data Collection Data Collection QNT/351 June 30, 2014 Data Collection In the hospitality business, employee retention and low turnover is of utmost importance. Employees are the foundation of any successful operation. Employees provide direct communication with customers, support organizational initiatives, boost profit, curb losses, and build future success. Denihan is a hospitality company that began in 1903 as a dry cleaning company by Benjamin J. Denihan, an Irish immigrant (Denihan, 2011). Denihan’s operations... Data, Employment, Hospitality industry 1425 Words | 8 Pages Open Document Differences Between Groups and Teams Differences Between Groups and Teams Michael Crook University Of Phoenix 7/4/11 MGT/307 Geri Markley Differences Between Groups and Teams Throughout the world people gather in many different places for many different events and many different occasions. The words groups and teams are very similar, but they are not the same. This is especially prevalent when the business environment is involved. In this paper the difference between ... Formal, Formal organization, Individual 880 Words | 3 Pages Open Document Formal and Informal Communication FORMAL AND INFORMAL STYLES OF COMMUNICATION Introduction 1. The most prominent quality of a human being is the effective and meaningful way of communication. Humans have a unique and well developed way of imparting or interchanging thoughts, opinions, or information by speech, writing, or signs. Communication is well established but not only limited among humans but also in animals and in manmade machines such as computers Communication 2. The word communications comes from a Latin word “Communis... Communication, Formal, Human 819 Words | 3 Pages Open Document Formal Characteristics SOC/120: Evolution of Formal Organizations Due: 12/11/2011 Nancy Keta The way that I will conduct my research is to first explain how formal organizations have evolved over the past century. Second, whatdifferences were there in organizations a century ago, and compare to today’s organizations. And lastly I will also tell of the trends in today’s formal organizations in modern society. I will describe how each of the characteristics for formal organizations will need to evolve or change in... Formal organization, Informal organization, Management 1179 Words | 4 Pages Open Document Difference between an Interview and Group Discussionit has to be clarified what kind of research ahs to be done. So first it has to be analized what kind of data would be of interest. Data of a wide range of respondents would be collected by questionnaire, which is shorter in time and could be easier analysed. If the topic is more complex, it could be of interest to have more detailed data. Therefor a focus group discussion could be helpful. Normally there are six up to eight respondents in one group with one interviewer. What makes a focus group interest... Documentary film techniques, Focus group, Interview 1473 Words | 4 Pages Open Document The Differences Between Data and Information: a Short Analysis The differences between data and information: a short analysis What is data ? I have researched on the Internet and in books for the meaning and description of data and there are a variety of meanings and some are very misleading the best two meanings I found were “ data consists of random (or a set of random) unprocessed facts with little or no intrinsic value” (S. Yull, T. Stump p-6) and “ Data: the raw facts and figures a computer accepts as input and then processes to produce useful information”... Computer, Data, Information 1625 Words | 7 Pages Open Document Data Collectiondiagnosis of not knowing about the pre-diabetic condition. The study reviews information relating to the patients uncertainties of the diagnosis and his and her concerns regarding his or her long-term health. Datacollection methods Data collection procedures: Data collection for this study permits for the descriptive statistics to describe the patient experience about his or her diagnosis of pre-diabetes. Permitting the research subject to express his or her experience in this semi-structure... Data analysis, Educational psychology, Qualitative research 1030 Words | 6 Pages Open Document Data Collection - Business Research Introduction The experience of focus group and semi-structured interview were gained during my datacollection research. I conducted one focus group and one semi-structured interviews, due to participants time limit and busy schedule I was not possible to conduct more interviews. I have designed the interview procedure including questions prepared for each interview to capture different group and individual. I have given participants consent form to sign and ask for their permission to audio tape... Documentary film techniques, Focus group, Interview 1490 Words | 4 Pages Open Document Difference between formal and informal communication This research compares formal and informal organizational communication structures, specifically focusir^ on salience, channel factors, and channel usage. The major hypotheses of this research were partially supported with data collected from a large, technically oriented governmental agency (n = 380). Differences Between Fbrmal and Informal Conuniinication Channels J. David Johnson William A. Donohue Charles K. Atkin Mtchtgan State Untverslty Sally Johnson Lansing Community College ... Channel, Communication, Formal 2611 Words | 16 Pages Open Document Law and Informal Institutionsone pillar that supports formal institutions and the two additional pillars that support informal institutions. Answer: Regulatory Pillar that supports formal institutions and other two additional pillars name are Normative Pillar and Cognitive Pillar. Normative pillar refers to how to values, beliefs, and actions- collectively known as norms of other relevant players influence the behavior of focal individuals and firms. Cognitive pillar is the school support for informal institutions. It refers... Civil law, Common law, Communism 649 Words | 3 Pages Open Document Cultural Differences Between Tq and Traditional Organizations Cultural Differences Between TQ and Traditional Organizations Some of the contrasting differencesbetween modern TQ organizations and traditional organizations that pre-dated the quality revolution are summarized below. Organizational structures: Traditional management views an enterprise as a collection of separate, highly specialized individual performers and units, linked within a functional hierarchy. Lateral connections are made by intermediaries close to the top of the provinces. TQ views... Better, Customer, Hierarchy 1225 Words | 4 Pages Open Document Formal and Informal in Communication In order for there to be good effective communication in the workplace there have to be a good balance of formal and informal communication in the business. The two have their advantage and disadvantage but I am about to discuss and make you understand why the workplace can’t function without either one of them. What are the most commonly used information channels in your workplace? The channels that can be found in the workplace are - having a face to face meeting - Video conferencing... Communication, Employment, Nonverbal communication 637 Words | 3 Pages Open Document The informal economy Neuwirth, who is a former business reporter, defines the informal sector or informal economy is that part of an economy that is not taxed, monitored by any form of government, or included in any gross national product (GNP), unlike the formal economy. Other terms used to refer to the informal sector can include the black market, the shadow economy, and the underground economy and how he refers it mostly is System D. The original use of the term ‘ informal sector’ is attributed to the economic development... Economies, Free trade, Free trade area 2266 Words | 6 Pages Open Document What Is the Difference Between Natural Sciences? WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NATURAL SCIENCES AND ALL OTHER AREAS OF KNOWLEDGE TO THAT ALL OF THEIR CONCLUSIONS ARE PROVISIONAL? Helen Kahur January 2013 Introduction Karl Raimund Popper, an English philosopher was curious about a certain question, which was ’’ whats the difference between natural science, and other areas of knowledge?’’. Popper’s response to that was that scientific claims could technically be disproved, whereas non-scientific ones couldn’t. A theory, which cannot be disproved... Epistemology, Falsifiability, Mathematics 1340 Words | 4 Pages Open Document Formal and informal communiction assignmenta) Theoretical under pinning’s of formal communication and informal communication Formal Communication There are different forms of formal communication in business includes functions in department activities taking place between employee and employer in a formal way, meeting and conference, verbal communication through phone or texting and written communication through memos, letters and bulletins, are all definition of formal communication. The formal communication is in the form of letters... Communication, Employment, Linguistics 1728 Words | 9 Pages Open Document Formal and Informal Communication in an Organizationexplain the formal communication channels and spontaneous communication channels? * Communication channels Messages are transmitted through channels of communication channels as discussed. * Formal communication channels, follows the chain of command and is recognized as official. One way to view formal communication within organizations. * Vertical communication is the flow of information both up and down the chain of command. It involves an exchange of messages between two or more... Communication, Formal, Formal system 1329 Words | 4 Pages Open Document Strategic Directions-formal and informal2) Discuss the ways in which managers arrive at new strategic directions- formal and informal. Which is the best? The first phase of a strategic formulation process is the planning phase. A statement of missions and objectives is developed which charts the direction of the company and provides the groundwork for subsequent strategic processes. The objectives of a company evolve from the stated mission. After the mission and objectives are completed, a company must develop an environmental assessment... Environmental scanning, Globalization, Investment 1406 Words | 5 Pages Open Document What is Datastudy: MBA Course Title: Marketing Research Course code: MBA 763 Assignment: Secondary Data Mat Number: 74168 Name: Abiona Timothy Olufemi What is Data Data is a collection of facts, such as numbers, words, measurements, observations or even just descriptions of things. 1. Information in raw or unorganized form (such as alphabets, numbers, or symbols) that refer to, or represent, conditions, ideas, or objects. Data is limitless and present everywhere in the universe. See also information and knowledge... Academic publishing, Data, Quantitative research 1888 Words | 7 Pages Open Document Difference between Idiom, Phrase and Proverb What is difference among Proverb, Idiom and Phrase. IDIOM An "idiom" is a phrase that has a specific meaning, different than you would expect based on the individual words. Idiom is more subtle. It can be informal or merely non-literal, and either a phrase or a complete sentence. Here are two examples of idioms that are also phrases: * brick and mortar (a traditional business, in contrast to e-commerce) * town and gown (when a school or university is in close proximity with a surrounding... Grammar, Idiom, Linguistics 825 Words | 3 Pages Open Document Data Collection Plan Abstract…………......………………………………………………………………………. 3 Research Question......………………………………………………………………………..4 Hypothesis……………………………………..………………………………………….….4 Data Collection Plan………………………………………………………………………….4 References………………………………………………………………………………….....8 Appendix A Informed Consent………...………………………………………………………….9 Appendix B Tools of Data Collection ……………………………………………………………..10 Abstract Postoperative Pulmonary complications (PPC) such as atelectasis, impaired gas exchange... Clinical trial, Health care provider, Hospital 1191 Words | 9 Pages Open Document What Are the Main Differences Between Spoken and Written English? Katie Royle 17/9/10 What are the main differences between spoken and written English? In English, speech is known as a social way of communicating and expressing an opinion. On the other hand writing is known more for recording notes, facts and information. Each form of English has different ways of interacting with a specific audience. The lexis for both the written and spoken mode is somewhat different. Informal and colloquial is the language used during speech whereas... Communication, Composition studies, Creative writing 780 Words | 3 Pages Open Document Essay on Informal and Formal Griencance This essay will explore the difference between formal and informal Grievance process, how it can be prevented and a sample of the authors own work of grievance investigation and conclusion As a shift Manager and part of my responsibilities to ensure that we have a harmonious working relationship between staff and management. For the purpose of this essay, I will cover the Grievance process, how it can be prevented and a sample of grievance proceedings that I handled. A grievance is generally... Abuse, At-will employment, Dispute resolution 884 Words | 3 Pages Open Document Data Collection Methods Data Collection Methods OBSERVATIONS Observation is a primary method of collecting data by human, mechanical, electrical or electronics means with direct or indirect contact. As per Langley P, “Observations involve looking and listening very carefully. We all watch other people sometimes but we do not usually watch them in order to discover particular information about their behavior. This is what observation in social science involves.” Observation is the main source of information in the... Data collection, Evaluation methods, Experiment 1403 Words | 4 Pages Open Document Data Collection Strategy Data Collection Data Collection is an important aspect of any type of research study. Inaccurate datacollection can impact the results of a study and ultimately lead to invalid results. Data collection methods for impact evaluation vary along a continuum. At the one end of this continuum are quantatative methods and at the other end of the continuum are Qualitative methods for data collection . Quantitative and Qualitative Datacollection methods The Quantitative data collection methods... Evaluation methods, Interview, Psychology 1253 Words | 4 Pages Open Document What Similarities and Differences Are There Between Historical and Scientific Explanations?certain methodology, are frequently classified into areas of knowledge. Therefore it is natural for one to see similarities and differences within the process of attaining knowledge in different areas of knowledge. When the method forming scientific and historical models for human understanding of the world are examined, many similarities can be seen. These differences and similarities can also be seen when products of explanations are assessed. When scientific and historical explanations... Cold War, DNA, Empirical 1502 Words | 5 Pages Open Document Data Collection Strategies II: Qualitative Research PPA 696 RESEARCH METHODS DATA COLLECTION STRATEGIES II: QUALITATIVE RESEARCH What is Qualitative Research? Participant Observation Stages in Participatory Observation Differences between quantitative and qualitative research Problems with qualitative studies What type of field observation to use? What is Qualitative Research? Qualitative research is aimed at gaining a deep understanding of a specific organization or event, rather a than surface description of a large sample... Educational psychology, Evaluation methods, Focus group 1412 Words | 6 Pages Open Document Data Collection Paper Res341Data Collection Paper Research and Evaluation I April 19, 2010 Jack Mc Nicholas Data Collection Paper Team B is conducting research to examine variables that affect the price of homes. The problem statement used in our research is: what effect, if any, does proximity to the city have on the value of a home? To better answer this question, Team B will review literature related to the topic in an effort to provide context to the situation, and assess the sampling used in the research to... Arithmetic mean, Mean, Median 2176 Words | 6 Pages Open Document Research Planning: Data Collection and Analysis This study will require data to be gathered from all persons involved with the domestic violence shelters, which will include donors, executives, employees, and volunteers. The data that will be collected during this study will be relevant to the perceptions of the domestic violence shelters’ executives, employees, and volunteers’ role versus what the donors to the shelters perceive to be the roles of the people that work on either a paid or volunteer basis. The data collection methods will include... Data, Data analysis, Educational psychology 1352 Words | 4 Pages Open Document What Is the Difference Between Men and Women? Look at the other green spots. Most of them are doing the same thing. Grade: 95 (A) Title The differencesbetween men and women have been a hotly debated subject ever since the time of the fall, when Adam and Eve were cast out of paradise. What are the differences between men and women? Going beyond the merely physical, a look at the emotional differences as well as psychological differences is warranted. An interesting point is brought up in reading the account of the expulsion. Adam... Chaz Bono, Cher, Female 1335 Words | 4 Pages Open Document Formal and Informal Groups Formal Groups and Informal Groups Formal Group: A formal group is the deliberate and systematic grouping of people in an organization so that organizational goals are better achieved. Now any organization would have a certain formula. They are very essential for the efficient functioning of the organization. What does an organization do? The total no. of people working in an organization is divided into smaller groups (teams or sections or departments) and each group is responsible for fulfilling... Human, Time 937 Words | 3 Pages Open Document Sampling and Data Collection in Research Sampling and Data Collection in Research Paper Sampling and data collection is made up of many things and is used in many things. The one main thing is research and in research it helps to obtain information about groups or individuals without being bias. Along with the research, making sure that it is valid and reliable is very important and knowing the ways that research can be done surveys via online or telephone. The purpose of sampling is that... Data collection, Measurement, Psychometrics 908 Words | 5 Pages Open Document Case Study: What Can Be Done About Data Quality? What was the impact of data quality problems on the companies described in this case study? What management, organization, and technology factors caused these problems? BT Group had data quality issues within the product inventory and customer billing databases, resulting in poor efficiency of the system. The case doesn’t really give the reason that these databases contained inaccurate data. However, one can assume that the errors were caused by lack of structure within the organization at data... Business terms, Data cleansing, Data collection 985 Words | 3 Pages Open Document Formal and Non Formal Educationby which society deliberately transmits its accumulated knowledge, skills and values from one generation to another. Etymologically, the word education is derived from educare (Latin) "bring up", which is related toeducere "bring out", "bring forth what is within", "bring out potential" and ducere, "to lead". [1] Teachers in educational institutions direct the education of students and might draw on manysubjects, including reading, writing, mathematics, science and history. This process is sometimes... College, Education, High school 769 Words | 3 Pages Open Document Data Collection and Individual Privacy Amy Espinosa AC1204502 EN130.1.1 English Composition II Assignment 3 February 18, 2013 Data Collection and Individual Privacy In deliberation of the topic of the use of individual information, the moral issue of importance is whether public or private sector entities have the right to create individual profiles of consumers and their obligation in protecting the consumer's privacy is in question. The exponential growth of the information age in particular the personal computer has created... Business, Collection agency, Data 1212 Words | 4 Pages Open Document Informal & Formal Formative Assessment Two examples of formal assessments are state standardized achievement tests and selected response evaluations given in the classroom. The state standardized achievement tests measure on a more global level than the selected response, but both are designed to evaluate a student's knowledge after the lesson has been given. A selected response evaluation can be essays, projects, fill-in the blank or multiple-choice types of tests. They succeed in measuring what the student can recall from the previous... Assessment, Educational psychology, Evaluation 940 Words | 4 Pages Open Document What Is the Difference Between a Democracy and a Republic? What is the difference between a Democracy and a Republic? Almost ALL of the social problems in this country are derived from the fact that Americans don't even know what kind of government they have! 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It depends on the situation and addressee. When the addressee is older, educated, or have higher status, you should use the formal introduction. Besides, the informal introduction is used when the addressee is your age or younger than you. For example, when you meeting a president...2007 singles, Conversation, Formal 846 Words | 4 Pages Open Document The Difference Between Groups and Teams The difference between groups and teams Sheri Anderson University of Phoenix Organizational Behavior and Group Dynamics MGT-307 Dennis Keegan April 02, 2012 Groups and Teams It is many differences...1141 Words | 4 Pages Open Documentinformal and formal systemshould support both formal and informal communication. Formal communications can include reports and accounting statements. Informal communications can include conversations and notes. Formal Communication Information transmitted by formal communication tends to be presented in a consistent manner. 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D942297

https://www.navigatingcare.com/chemotherapy_drugs/irinotecan

How Irinotecan Injection works, side effects, interactions and precautions.

How Irinotecan Injection works, side effects, interactions and precautions. Pronunciation: (ir in oh tee' kan )Brand Name (s): , Camptosar ®; also available generically Other Name (s): , CPT-11IMPORTANT WARNING: Irinotecan injection must be given under the supervision of a doctor who is experienced in giving chemotherapy medications for cancer. You may experience the following symptoms while you are receiving a dose of irinotecan or for up to 24 hours afterward: runny nose, increased saliva, shrinking pupils (black circles in the middle of the eyes), watery eyes, sweating, flushing, diarrhea (sometimes called 'early diarrhea'), and stomach cramps. Tell your doctor if you experience any of these symptoms. Your doctor can give you medication to prevent or treat these symptoms. You may also experience severe diarrhea (sometimes called ''late diarrhea'') more than 24 hours after you receive irinotecan. This type of diarrhea can be life threatening since it can last a long time and lead to dehydration, infection, kidney failure, and other problems. Tell your doctor if you have or have ever had a bowel obstruction (blockage in your intestine). Tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are taking any of the following medications: other chemotherapy medications for cancer; diuretics ('water pills'); or laxatives such as bisacodyl (Dulcolax) or senna (in Correctol, Ex-Lax, Peri-Colace, Senokot). Before you begin your treatment with irinotecan, talk to your doctor about what to do if you have late diarrhea. Your doctor will probably tell you to keep loperamide (Imodium AD) on hand so that you can begin to take it right away if you develop late diarrhea. Your doctor will probably tell you to take loperamide at regular intervals throughout the day and night. Be sure to follow your doctor's directions for taking loperamide; these will be different than the directions printed on the package label of loperamide. Your doctor will also tell you which foods you should eat and which foods you should avoid to control diarrhea during your treatment. Drink plenty of fluids and follow this diet carefully. Call your doctor right away the first time you have diarrhea during your treatment. Also call your doctor immediately if you experience any of the following symptoms: fever (temperature higher than 100.4°F); shaking chills; black or bloody stools; diarrhea that does not stop within 24 hours; lightheadedness, dizziness, or fainting; or severe nausea and vomiting that stops you from drinking anything. Your doctor will watch you carefully and may treat you with fluids or antibiotics if needed. Irinotecan may cause a decrease in the number of blood cells made by your bone marrow. Tell your doctor if you have or have ever had a blood disease or Gilbert's syndrome (decreased ability to break down bilirubin, a natural substance in the body) and if you are being treated with radiation to your stomach or pelvis (area between the hip bones) or if you have ever been treated with this type of radiation. If you experience any of the following symptoms, call your doctor immediately: fever, chills, cough, or other signs of infection; shortness of breath; fast heartbeat; headache; dizziness;pale skin; confusion; extreme tiredness, or unusual bleeding or bruising. Keep all appointments with your doctor and the laboratory. Your doctor will order certain tests to check your body's response to irinotecan. Talk to your doctor about the risks of using irinotecan. Why is this medicine prescribed? Irinotecan is used alone or in combination with other medications to treat colon or rectal cancer (cancer that begins in the large intestine). Irinotecan is in a class of antineoplastic medications called topoisomerase I inhibitors. It works by stopping the growth of cancer cells. Are there other uses for this medicine? Irinotecan is also sometimes used along with other medications to treat small cell lung cancer. Talk to your doctor about the risks of using this medication for your condition. This medication may be prescribed for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information. How should this medicine be used? Irinotecan comes as a liquid to be given over 90 minutes intravenously (into a vein) by a doctor or nurse. It is usually given not more often than once a week, according to a schedule that alternates one or more weeks when you receive irinotecan with one or more weeks when you do not receive the medication. Your doctor will choose the schedule that will work best for you. Your doctor may need to delay your treatment and adjust your dose if you experience certain side effects. Be sure to tell your doctor how you are feeling during your treatment with irinotecan. Your doctor may give you medication to prevent nausea and vomiting before you receive each dose of irinotecan. Your doctor may also give you other medication (s) to prevent or treat other side effects. Ask your pharmacist or doctor for a copy of the manufacturer's information for the patient. What special precautions should I follow? Before receiving irinotecan,tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to irinotecan, sorbitol, or any other medications.tell your doctor if you are taking ketoconazole (Nizoral). Your doctor will probably tell you not to take ketoconazole for one week before you begin your treatment with irinotecan or during your treatment.tell your doctor if you are taking St. John's wort. You should not take St. John's wort for 2 weeks before you begin your treatment with irinotecan or during your treatment.tell your doctor and pharmacist what other prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins, nutritional supplements and herbal products you are taking or plan to take. Be sure to mention any of the following: atazanavir (Reyataz); gemfibrozil (Lopid); medications for seizures such as carbamazepine (Carbatrol, Epitol, Tegretol), phenobarbital (Luminal), phenytoin (Dilantin, Phenytek); rifabutin (Mycobutin); and rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane, in Rifamate and Rifater). Your doctor may need to change the doses of your medications or monitor you carefully for side effects.tell your doctor if you have or have ever had diabetes; fructose intolerance (inability to digest the natural sugar found in fruit); or liver, lung, or kidney disease.tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding. You should not become pregnant while you are receiving irinotecan. Talk to your doctor about birth control methods that will work for you. If you become pregnant while receiving irinotecan, call your doctor. Irinotecan may harm the fetus.if you are having surgery, including dental surgery, tell the doctor or dentist that you are receiving irinotecan.you should know that irinotecan may make you dizzy or affect your vision, especially during the first 24 hours after you receive a dose. Do not drive a car or operate machinery until you know how this medication affects you.talk to your doctor before you receive any vaccinations during your treatment with irinotecan. What special dietary instructions should I follow? Your doctor will tell you about a special diet to follow to help control diarrhea during your treatment. Follow these instructions carefully. Talk to your doctor about eating grapefruit and drinking grapefruit juice while receiving this medicine. What side effects can this medicine cause? Irinotecan may cause side effects. Tell your doctor if any of these symptoms are severe or do not go away:nauseavomitingconstipationswelling and sores in the mouthheartburnloss of appetiteweight losshair lossweaknesssleepinesspain, especially back pain Some side effects can be serious. If you experience any of these symptoms or those listed in the IMPORTANT WARNING section, call your doctor immediately:chest painyellowing of the skin or eyesswollen stomachunexpected or unusual weight gainswelling of the arms, hands, feet, ankles, or lower legsrashhivesitchingdifficulty breathing or swallowing Some people who received irinotecan developed blood clots in their legs, lungs, brains, or hearts. There is not enough information to tell whether irinotecan caused the blood clots. Talk to your doctor about the risks of receiving irinotecan. Irinotecan may cause other side effects. Call your doctor if you have any unusual problems while receiving this medication. If you experience a serious side effect, you or your doctor may send a report to the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Med Watch Adverse Event Reporting program online ( [WEB]) or by phone (1-800-332-1088). What should I do in case of overdose? In case of overdose, call the poison control helpline at 1-800-222-1222. Information is also available online at [WEB]. If the victim has collapsed, had a seizure, has trouble breathing, or can't be awakened, immediately call emergency services at 911. Symptoms of overdose may include:sore throat, fever, chills, cough and other signs of infectionsevere diarrhea What other information should I know? It is important for you to keep a written list of all of the prescription and nonprescription (over-the-counter) medicines you are taking, as well as any products such as vitamins, minerals, or other dietary supplements. You should bring this list with you each time you visit a doctor or if you are admitted to a hospital. It is also important information to carry with you in case of emergencies. This report on medications is for your information only, and is not considered individual patient advice. Because of the changing nature of drug information, please consult your physician or pharmacist about specific clinical use. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. represents that the information provided hereunder was formulated with a reasonable standard of care, and in conformity with professional standards in the field. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. makes no representations or warranties, express or implied, including, but not limited to, any implied warranty of merchantability and/or fitness for a particular purpose, with respect to such information and specifically disclaims all such warranties. Users are advised that decisions regarding drug therapy are complex medical decisions requiring the independent, informed decision of an appropriate health care professional, and the information is provided for informational purposes only. The entire monograph for a drug should be reviewed for a thorough understanding of the drug's actions, uses and side effects. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. does not endorse or recommend the use of any drug. The information is not a substitute for medical care. AHFS ® Patient Medication Information. © Copyright, 2018. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc., 4500 East-West Highway, Suite 900, Bethesda, Maryland. All Rights Reserved. Duplication for commercial use must be authorized by ASHP. Selected Revisions: July 15, 2016.

D1998440

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugged_Individualism

Individualism

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Rugged Individualism)navigation search"Individual freedom" redirects here. For other uses, see personal freedom and personal liberty. Part of a series on Individualism Topics and concepts [hide]Autonomy Civil liberties Do it yourself Eremitism Free love Freethought Human rights Individual Individual rights Individual reclamation Individuation Laissez-faire Libertinism Liberty Methodological individualism Negative liberty Personal property Positive liberty Private property Self-actualization Self-ownership Self reliance Subjectivity Thinkers [hide]Antiphon Aristippus Aristotle Émile Armand Albert Camus Diogenes of Sinope Ralph Waldo Emerson Epicurus William Godwin Emma Goldman Friedrich Hayek Karl Hess Miguel Giménez Igualada Thomas Jefferson Laozi Albert Libertad John Locke Hipparchia of Maroneia H. L. Mencken John Stuart Mill Ludwig von Mises Michel de Montaigne Friedrich Nietzsche Renzo Novatore Robert Nozick Michel Onfray Georges Palante Horst Matthai Quelle Ayn Rand Murray Rothbard Han Ryner Marquis de Sade Arthur Schopenhauer Adam Smith Herbert Spencer Lysander Spooner Max Stirner Henry David Thoreau Benjamin Tucker James L. Walker Josiah Warren Oscar Wilde Zeno Yang Zhu Philosophies [hide]Anarchism Anarcho-capitalism Classical liberalism Egoist anarchism Ethical egoism Existentialism Hedonism Humanism Individualist anarchism Individualist feminism Equity feminism Liberal feminism Left-libertarianism Left-wing market anarchism Liberalism Libertarianism Libertarian socialism Minarchism Mutualism Objectivism Right libertarianism Social anarchism Voluntaryism Principal concerns [hide]Anti-individualism Authoritarianism Collectivism Conformity Dogmatism Group rights Herd mentality Indoctrination Mass society Mobbing Social engineering Statism Tyranny Tyranny of the majority Theocracy Totalitarianismv t e Individualism is the moral stance, political philosophy, ideology, or social outlook that emphasizes the moral worth of the individual. [1] [2] Individualists promote the exercise of one's goals and desires and so value independence and self-reliance [3] and advocate that interests of the individual should achieve precedence over the state or a social group, [3] while opposing external interference upon one's own interests by society or institutions such as the government. [3] Individualism is often defined in contrast to totalitarianism, collectivism, authoritarianism, communitarianism, statism, cosmopolitanism, tribalism, altruism, and more corporate social forms. [4] [5]Individualism makes the individual its focus [1] and so starts "with the fundamental premise that the human individual is of primary importance in the struggle for liberation." [6] Classical liberalism, existentialism, and anarchism are examples of movements that take the human individual as a central unit of analysis. [6] Individualism thus involves "the right of the individual to freedom and self-realization". [7]It has also been used as a term denoting "The quality of being an individual; individuality" [3] related to possessing "An individual characteristic; a quirk ." [3] Individualism is thus also associated with artistic and bohemian interests and lifestyles where there is a tendency towards self-creation and experimentation as opposed to tradition or popular mass opinions and behaviors [3] [8] as so also with humanist philosophical positions and ethics. [9] [10]Contents [ hide ]1 Etymology2 The individual3 Individualism and society3.1 Individuation principle3.2 Methodological individualism4 Political individualism4.1 Liberalism4.2 Anarchism4.2.1 Individualist anarchism5 Philosophical individualism5.1 Ethical egoism5.1.1 Egoist anarchism5.2 Existentialism5.3 Freethought5.4 Humanism5.5 Hedonism5.6 Libertinism5.7 Objectivism5.8 Philosophical anarchism5.9 Subjectivism5.9.1 Solipsism6 Economic individualism6.1 Liberalism6.2 Individualist anarchism and economics6.2.1 Mutualism6.3 Libertarian socialism6.4 Left-libertarianism6.5 Right-libertarianism7 As creative independent lifestyle8 See also9 References10 Notes11 Further reading12 External links Etymology [ edit]In the English language, the word "individualism" was first introduced, as a pejorative, by the Owenites in the late 1830s, although it is unclear if they were influenced by Saint-Simonianism or came up with it independently. [11] A more positive use of the term in Britain came to be used with the writings of James Elishama Smith, who was a millenarian and a Christian Israelite. Although an early Owenite socialist, he eventually rejected its collective idea of property, and found in individualism a "universalism" that allowed for the development of the "original genius." Without individualism, Smith argued, individuals cannot amass property to increase one's happiness. [11] William Maccall, another Unitarian preacher, and probably an acquaintance of Smith, came somewhat later, although influenced by John Stuart Mill, Thomas Carlyle, and German Romanticism, to the same positive conclusions, in his 1847 work "Elements of Individualism". [12]The individual [ edit]Main article: Individual An individual is a person or any specific object in a collection. In the 15th century and earlier, and also today within the fields of statistics and metaphysics, individual means "indivisible", typically describing any numerically singular thing, but sometimes meaning "a person." (q.v. "The problem of proper names "). From the 17th century on, individual indicates separateness, as in individualism. [13] Individuality is the state or quality of being an individual; a person separate from other persons and possessing his or her own needs, goals, and desires. Individualism and society [ edit]Individualism holds that a person taking part in society attempts to learn and discover what his or her own interests are on a personal basis, without a presumed following of the interests of a societal structure (an individualist need not be an egoist ). The individualist does not follow one particular philosophy, rather creates an amalgamation of elements of many, based on personal interests in particular aspects that he/she finds of use. On a societal level, the individualist participates on a personally structured political and moral ground. Independent thinking and opinion is a common trait of an individualist. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, claims that his concept of " general will " in the " social contract " is not the simple collection of individual wills and that it furthers the interests of the individual (the constraint of law itself would be beneficial for the individual, as the lack of respect for the law necessarily entails, in Rousseau's eyes, a form of ignorance and submission to one's passions instead of the preferred autonomy of reason ). Societies and groups can differ in the extent to which they are based upon predominantly "self-regarding" (individualistic, and/or self-interested) behaviors, rather than "other-regarding" (group-oriented, and group, or society-minded) behaviors. Ruth Benedict made a distinction, relevant in this context, between "guilt" societies (e.g., medieval Europe) with an "internal reference standard", and "shame" societies (e.g., Japan, "bringing shame upon one's ancestors") with an "external reference standard", where people look to their peers for feedback on whether an action is "acceptable" or not (also known as " group-think "). [14]Individualism is often contrasted [5] either with totalitarianism or with collectivism, but in fact, there is a spectrum of behaviors at the societal level ranging from highly individualistic societies through mixed societies to collectivist. Individuation principle [ edit]Main article: Individuation The principle of individuation , or principium individuationis, [15] describes the manner in which a thing is identified as distinguished from other things. [16] For Carl Jung, individuation is a process of transformation, whereby the personal and collective unconscious is brought into consciousness (by means of dreams, active imagination or free association to take some examples) to be assimilated into the whole personality. It is a completely natural process necessary for the integration of the psyche to take place. [17] Jung considered individuation to be the central process of human development. [18] In L'individuation psychique et collective, Gilbert Simondon developed a theory of individual and collective individuation in which the individual subject is considered as an effect of individuation rather than a cause. Thus, the individual atom is replaced by a never-ending ontological process of individuation. Individuation is an always incomplete process, always leaving a "pre-individual" left-over, itself making possible future individuations. [19] The philosophy of Bernard Stiegler draws upon and modifies the work of Gilbert Simondon on individuation and also upon similar ideas in Friedrich Nietzsche and Sigmund Freud. For Stiegler "the I, as a psychic individual, can only be thought in relationship to we, which is a collective individual. The I is constituted in adopting a collective tradition, which it inherits and in which a plurality of I 's acknowledge each other's existence." [20]Methodological individualism [ edit]Methodological individualism is the view that phenomena can only be understood by examining how they result from the motivations and actions of individual agents. [21] In economics, people's behavior is explained in terms of rational choices, as constrained by prices and incomes. The economist accepts individuals' preferences as givens. Becker and Stigler provide a forceful statement of this view: [22]On the traditional view, an explanation of economic phenomena that reaches a difference in tastes between people or times is the terminus of the argument: the problem is abandoned at this point to whoever studies and explains tastes (psychologists? anthropologists? phrenologists? sociobiologists?). On our preferred interpretation, one never reaches this impasse: the economist continues to search for differences in prices or incomes to explain any differences or changes in behavior. Political individualism [ edit]With the abolition of private property, then, we shall have true, beautiful, healthy Individualism. Nobody will waste his life in accumulating things, and the symbols for things. One will live. To live is the rarest thing in the world. Most people exist, that is all. Oscar Wilde, The Soul of Man under Socialism, 1891Individualists are chiefly concerned with protecting individual autonomy against obligations imposed by social institutions (such as the state or religious morality). For L. Susan Brown "Liberalism and anarchism are two political philosophies that are fundamentally concerned with individual freedom yet differ from one another in very distinct ways. Anarchism shares with liberalism a radical commitment to individual freedom while rejecting liberalism's competitive property relations." [6]Civil libertarianism is a strain of political thought that supports civil liberties, or which emphasizes the supremacy of individual rights and personal freedoms over and against any kind of authority (such as a state, a corporation, social norms imposed through peer pressure, etc.). [23] Civil libertarianism is not a complete ideology; rather, it is a collection of views on the specific issues of civil liberties and civil rights. Because of this, a civil libertarian outlook is compatible with many other political philosophies, and civil libertarianism is found on both the right and left in modern politics. [24] For scholar Ellen Meiksins Wood "there are doctrines of individualism that are opposed to Lockean individualism ... and non-lockean individualism may encompass socialism ". [25]British Historians Emily Robinson, Camilla Schofield, Florence Sutcliffe-Braithwaite, and Natalie Thomlinson have argued that by the 1970s Britons were keen about defining and claiming their individual rights, identities and perspectives. They demanded greater personal autonomy and self-determination and less outside control. They angrily complained that the 'establishment' was withholding it. They argue this shift in concerns helped cause Thatcherism, and was incorporated into Thatcherism's appeal. [26]Liberalism [ edit]Main article: Liberalism Part of a series on Liberalism Schools [show]Ideas [hide]Civil and political rights Cultural liberalism Democracy Liberal democracy Economic liberalism Egalitarianism Free market Free trade Freedom of the press Freedom of religion Freedom of speech Gender equality Harm principle Internationalism Laissez-faire Liberty Market economy Natural and legal rights Negative / positive liberty Open society Permissive society Private property Rule of law Secularism Separation of church and state Social contract Welfare state Variants [show]People [show]Organizations [show]Regional variants [show]Related topics [show]Liberalism portal Politics portalv t e Liberalism (from the Latin liberalis, "of freedom; worthy of a free man, gentlemanlike, courteous, generous") [27] is the belief in the importance of individual freedom. This belief is widely accepted in the United States, Europe, Australia and other Western nations, and was recognized as an important value by many Western philosophers throughout history, in particular since the Enlightenment. It is often rejected by collectivist, Islamic, or confucian societies in Asia or the Middle East (though Taoists were and are known to be individualists). [28] The Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius wrote praising "the idea of a polity administered with regard to equal rights and equal freedom of speech, and the idea of a kingly government which respects most of all the freedom of the governed". [29]Liberalism should not be confused with modern liberalism in the United States [30], and should be referred to as classical liberalism to avoid ambiguity. Liberalism has its roots in the Age of Enlightenment and rejects many foundational assumptions that dominated most earlier theories of government, such as the Divine Right of Kings, hereditary status, and established religion. John Locke is often credited with the philosophical foundations of classical liberalism. He wrote "no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions." [31]In the 17th century, liberal ideas began to influence governments in Europe, in nations such as The Netherlands, Switzerland, England and Poland, but they were strongly opposed, often by armed might, by those who favored absolute monarchy and established religion. In the 18th century, in America, the first modern liberal state was founded, without a monarch or a hereditary aristocracy. [32] The American Declaration of Independence includes the words (which echo Locke) "all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that to insure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed." [33]Liberalism comes in many forms. According to John N. Gray, the essence of liberalism is toleration of different beliefs and of different ideas as to what constitutes a good life. [34]Anarchism [ edit]Main article: Anarchism Part of the Politics series on Anarchism Schools of thought [show]Theory Practice [hide]Anarchy Anarchist Black Cross Anationalism Anti-authoritarianism Anti-militarism Affinity group Black bloc Classless society Class struggle Communes Consensus democracy Conscientious objector Counter-economics Decentralization Deep ecology Direct action Direct democracy Dual power Especifismo Expropriative anarchism Free association Free love Free school Freethought Horizontalidad Illegalism Individualism Individual reclamation Isocracy Law Mutual aid Participatory politics Permanent autonomous zone Prefigurative politics Proletarian internationalism Propaganda of the deed Refusal of work Revolution Rewilding Self-ownership Social center Social ecology Social insertion Somatherapy Spontaneous order Squatting Temporary Autonomous Zone Union of egoists People [show]Issues [show]History [show]Culture [show]Economics [show]By region [show]Lists [show]Related topics [show]Anarchism portal Politics portalv t e Anarchism is a set of political philosophies that hold the state to be undesirable, unnecessary, or harmful, [35] [36] and often advocate stateless societies. [37] [38] [39] [40] While anti-statism is central, some argue [41] that anarchism entails opposing authority or hierarchical organisation in the conduct of human relations, including, but not limited to, the state system. [42] [43] [44] [45] [46] [47] [48]For influential Italian anarchist Errico Malatesta "All anarchists, whatever tendency they belong to, are individualists in some way or other. But the opposite is not true; not by any means. The individualists are thus divided into two distinct categories: one which claims the right to full development for all human individuality, their own and that of others; the other which only thinks about its own individuality and has absolutely no hesitation in sacrificing the individuality of others. The Tsar of all the Russias belongs to the latter category of individualists. We belong to the former." [49]Individualist anarchism [ edit]Main article: Individualist anarchism Individualist anarchism refers to several traditions of thought within the anarchist movement that emphasize the individual and their will over any kinds of external determinants such as groups, society, traditions, and ideological systems. [50] [51] Individualist anarchism is not a single philosophy but refers to a group of individualistic philosophies that sometimes are in conflict. In 1793, William Godwin, who has often [52] been cited as the first anarchist, wrote Political Justice, which some consider to be the first expression of anarchism. [53] [54] Godwin, a philosophical anarchist, from a rationalist and utilitarian basis opposed revolutionary action and saw a minimal state as a present "necessary evil" that would become increasingly irrelevant and powerless by the gradual spread of knowledge. [53] [55] Godwin advocated individualism, proposing that all cooperation in labour be eliminated on the premise that this would be most conducive with the general good. [56] [57]An influential form of individualist anarchism, called "egoism," [58] or egoist anarchism, was expounded by one of the earliest and best-known proponents of individualist anarchism, the German Max Stirner. [59] Stirner's The Ego and Its Own, published in 1844, is a founding text of the philosophy. [59] According to Stirner, the only limitation on the rights of the individual is their power to obtain what they desire, [60] without regard for God, state, or morality. [61] To Stirner, rights were spooks in the mind, and he held that society does not exist but "the individuals are its reality". [62] Stirner advocated self-assertion and foresaw unions of egoists, non-systematic associations continually renewed by all parties' support through an act of will, [63] which Stirner proposed as a form of organization in place of the state. [64] Egoist anarchists claim that egoism will foster genuine and spontaneous union between individuals. [65] "Egoism" has inspired many interpretations of Stirner's philosophy. It was re-discovered and promoted by German philosophical anarchist and LGBT activist John Henry Mackay. Josiah Warren is widely regarded as the first American anarchist, [66] and the four-page weekly paper he edited during 1833, The Peaceful Revolutionist, was the first anarchist periodical published. [67] For American anarchist historian Eunice Minette Schuster "It is apparent...that Proudhonian Anarchism was to be found in the United States at least as early as 1848 and that it was not conscious of its affinity to the Individualist Anarchism of Josiah Warren and Stephen Pearl Andrews ... William B. Greene presented this Proudhonian Mutualism in its purest and most systematic form.". [68] Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862) was an important early influence in individualist anarchist thought in the United States and Europe. [69] Thoreau was an American author, poet, naturalist, tax resister, development critic, surveyor, historian, philosopher, and leading transcendentalist. He is best known for his books Walden, a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings, and his essay, Civil Disobedience, an argument for individual resistance to civil government in moral opposition to an unjust state. Later Benjamin Tucker fused Stirner's egoism with the economics of Warren and Proudhon in his eclectic influential publication Liberty. From these early influences individualist anarchism in different countries attracted a small but diverse following of bohemian artists and intellectuals, [70] free love and birth control advocates (see Anarchism and issues related to love and sex ), [71] [72] individualist naturists nudists (see anarcho-naturism ), [73] [74] [75] freethought and anti-clerical activists [76] as well as young anarchist outlaws in what came to be known as illegalism and individual reclamation [77] [78] (see European individualist anarchism and individualist anarchism in France ). These authors and activists included Oscar Wilde, Emile Armand, Han Ryner, Henri Zisly, Renzo Novatore, Miguel Gimenez Igualada, Adolf Brand and Lev Chernyi among others. In his important essay The Soul of Man under Socialism from 1891 Oscar Wilde defended socialism as the way to guarantee individualism and so he saw that "With the abolition of private property, then, we shall have true, beautiful, healthy Individualism. Nobody will waste his life in accumulating things, and the symbols for things. One will live. To live is the rarest thing in the world. Most people exist, that is all." [79] For anarchist historian George Woodcock "Wilde's aim in The Soul of Man under Socialism is to seek the society most favorable to the artist ... for Wilde art is the supreme end, containing within itself enlightenment and regeneration, to which all else in society must be subordinated ... Wilde represents the anarchist as aesthete ." [80] Woodcock finds that "The most ambitious contribution to literary anarchism during the 1890s was undoubtedly Oscar Wilde The Soul of Man under Socialism " and finds that it is influenced mainly by the thought of William Godwin. [80]Philosophical individualism [ edit]Ethical egoism [ edit]Main article: Ethical egoism Ethical egoism (also called simply egoism) [81] is the normative ethical position that moral agents ought to do what is in their own self-interest. It differs from psychological egoism, which claims that people do only act in their self-interest. Ethical egoism also differs from rational egoism, which holds merely that it is rational to act in one's self-interest. However, these doctrines may occasionally be combined with ethical egoism. Ethical egoism contrasts with ethical altruism, which holds that moral agents have an obligation to help and serve others. Egoism and altruism both contrast with ethical utilitarianism, which holds that a moral agent should treat one's self (also known as the subject) with no higher regard than one has for others (as egoism does, by elevating self-interests and "the self" to a status not granted to others), but that one also should not (as altruism does) sacrifice one's own interests to help others' interests, so long as one's own interests (i.e. one's own desires or well-being) are substantially-equivalent to the others' interests and well-being. Egoism, utilitarianism, and altruism are all forms of consequentialism, but egoism and altruism contrast with utilitarianism, in that egoism and altruism are both agent-focused forms of consequentialism (i.e. subject-focused or subjective ), but utilitarianism is called agent-neutral (i.e. objective and impartial) as it does not treat the subject's (i.e. the self's, i.e. the moral "agent's") own interests as being more or less important than if the same interests, desires, or well-being were anyone else's. Ethical egoism does not, however, require moral agents to harm the interests and well-being of others when making moral deliberation; e.g. what is in an agent's self-interest may be incidentally detrimental, beneficial, or neutral in its effect on others. Individualism allows for others' interest and well-being to be disregarded or not, as long as what is chosen is efficacious in satisfying the self-interest of the agent. Nor does ethical egoism necessarily entail that, in pursuing self-interest, one ought always to do what one wants to do; e.g. in the long term, the fulfilment of short-term desires may prove detrimental to the self. Fleeting pleasance, then, takes a back seat to protracted eudaemonia. In the words of James Rachels, "Ethical egoism [...] endorses selfishness, but it doesn't endorse foolishness." [82]Caricature of Max Stirner taken from a sketch by Friedrich Engels. Egoist philosopher Max Stirner has been called a proto- existentialist philosopher while at the same time is a central theorist of individualist anarchism Ethical egoism is sometimes the philosophical basis for support of libertarianism or individualist anarchism as in Max Stirner, although these can also be based on altruistic motivations. [83] These are political positions based partly on a belief that individuals should not coercively prevent others from exercising freedom of action. Egoist anarchism [ edit]Main article: Egoist anarchism Egoist anarchism is a school of anarchist thought that originated in the philosophy of Max Stirner, a nineteenth-century Hegelian philosopher whose "name appears with familiar regularity in historically orientated surveys of anarchist thought as one of the earliest and best-known exponents of individualist anarchism ." [59] According to Stirner, the only limitation on the rights of the individual is their power to obtain what they desire, [60] without regard for God, state, or morality. [61] Stirner advocated self-assertion and foresaw unions of egoists, non-systematic associations continually renewed by all parties' support through an act of will, [63] which Stirner proposed as a form of organisation in place of the state. [64] Egoist anarchists argue that egoism will foster genuine and spontaneous union between individuals. [65] "Egoism" has inspired many interpretations of Stirner's philosophy but within anarchism it has also gone beyond Stirner. It was re-discovered and promoted by German philosophical anarchist and LGBT activist John Henry Mackay. John Beverley Robinson wrote an essay called "Egoism" in which he states that "Modern egoism, as propounded by Stirner and Nietzsche, and expounded by Ibsen, Shaw and others, is all these; but it is more. It is the realization by the individual that they are an individual; that, as far as they are concerned, they are the only individual." [84] Nietzsche (see Anarchism and Friedrich Nietzsche) and Stirner were frequently compared by French "literary anarchists" and anarchist interpretations of Nietzschean ideas appear to have also been influential in the United States. [85] Anarchists who adhered to egoism include Benjamin Tucker, Émile Armand, John Beverley Robinson, Adolf Brand, Steven T. Byington, Renzo Novatore, James L. Walker, Enrico Arrigoni, Biofilo Panclasta, Jun Tsuji, André Arru and contemporary ones such as Hakim Bey, Bob Black and Wolfi Landstreicher. Existentialism [ edit]Main article: Existentialism Existentialism is a term applied to the work of a number of 19th- and 20th-century philosophers who, despite profound doctrinal differences, [86] [87] generally held that the focus of philosophical thought should be to deal with the conditions of existence of the individual person and his or her emotions, actions, responsibilities, and thoughts. [88] [89] The early 19th century philosopher Søren Kierkegaard, posthumously regarded as the father of existentialism, [90] [91] maintained that the individual solely has the responsibilities of giving one's own life meaning and living that life passionately and sincerely, [92] [93] in spite of many existential obstacles and distractions including despair, angst, absurdity, alienation, and boredom. [94]Subsequent existential philosophers retain the emphasis on the individual, but differ, in varying degrees, on how one achieves and what constitutes a fulfilling life, what obstacles must be overcome, and what external and internal factors are involved, including the potential consequences of the existence [95] [96] or non-existence of God. [97] [98] Many existentialists have also regarded traditional systematic or academic philosophy, in both style and content, as too abstract and remote from concrete human experience. [99] [100] Existentialism became fashionable in the post- World War years as a way to reassert the importance of human individuality and freedom. [101]Freethought [ edit]Main article: Freethought Freethought holds that individuals should not accept ideas proposed as truth without recourse to knowledge and reason. Thus, freethinkers strive to build their opinions on the basis of facts, scientific inquiry, and logical principles, independent of any logical fallacies or intellectually limiting effects of authority, confirmation bias, cognitive bias, conventional wisdom, popular culture, prejudice, sectarianism, tradition, urban legend, and all other dogmas. Regarding religion, freethinkers hold that there is insufficient evidence to scientifically validate the existence of supernatural phenomena. [102]Humanism [ edit]Main article: Humanism Humanism is a perspective common to a wide range of ethical stances that attaches importance to human dignity, concerns, and capabilities, particularly rationality. Although the word has many senses, its meaning comes into focus when contrasted to the supernatural or to appeals to authority. [103] [104] Since the 19th century, humanism has been associated with an anti-clericalism inherited from the 18th-century Enlightenment philosophes. 21st century Humanism tends to strongly endorse human rights, including reproductive rights, gender equality, social justice, and the separation of church and state. The term covers organized non-theistic religions, secular humanism, and a humanistic life stance. [105]Hedonism [ edit]Main article: Hedonism Philosophical hedonism is a meta-ethical theory of value which argues that pleasure is the only intrinsic good and pain is the only intrinsic bad. [106] The basic idea behind hedonistic thought is that pleasure (an umbrella term for all inherently likable emotions) is the only thing that is good in and of itself or by its very nature. The normative implications of this are evaluating character or behavior as morally good to the extent that one is concerned with pleasure/pain qua pleasure/pain or an action leads to a greater balance of pleasure over pain than any other would. Libertinism [ edit]Main article: Libertine A libertine is one devoid of most moral restraints, which are seen as unnecessary or undesirable, especially one who ignores or even spurns accepted morals and forms of behaviour sanctified by the larger society. [107] [108] Libertines place value on physical pleasures, meaning those experienced through the senses. As a philosophy, libertinism gained new-found adherents in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, particularly in France and Great Britain. Notable among these were John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester, and the Marquis de Sade. During the Baroque era in France, there existed a freethinking circle of philosophers and intellectuals who were collectively known as libertinage érudit and which included Gabriel Naudé, Élie Diodati and François de La Mothe Le Vayer. [109] [110] The critic Vivian de Sola Pinto linked John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester 's libertinism to Hobbesian materialism. [111]Objectivism [ edit]Part of a series on Libertarianism Origins [show]Concepts [show]Schools [show]People [show]Aspects [show]Organizations [show]Related topics [show]Outline of libertarianism Libertarianism portalv t e Main article: Objectivism (Ayn Rand)Objectivism is a system of philosophy created by philosopher and novelist Ayn Rand (1905–1982) that holds: reality exists independent of consciousness; human beings gain knowledge rationally from perception through the process of concept formation and inductive and deductive logic; the moral purpose of one's life is the pursuit of one's own happiness or rational self-interest. Rand thinks the only social system consistent with this morality is full respect for individual rights, embodied in pure laissez faire capitalism; and the role of art in human life is to transform man's widest metaphysical ideas, by selective reproduction of reality, into a physical form—a work of art—that he can comprehend and to which he can respond emotionally. Objectivism celebrates man as his own hero, "with his own happiness as the moral purpose of his life, with productive achievement as his noblest activity, and reason as his only absolute." [112]Philosophical anarchism [ edit]Main article: Philosophical anarchism Benjamin Tucker, American individualist anarchist who focused on economics calling them "Anarchistic-Socialism" [113] and adhering to the mutualist economics of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon and Josiah Warren Philosophical anarchism is an anarchist school of thought [114] which contends that the State lacks moral legitimacy and – in contrast to revolutionary anarchism – does not advocate violent revolution to eliminate it but advocate peaceful evolution to superate it. [115] Though philosophical anarchism does not necessarily imply any action or desire for the elimination of the State, philosophical anarchists do not believe that they have an obligation or duty to obey the State, or conversely, that the State has a right to command. Philosophical anarchism is a component especially of individualist anarchism. [116] Philosophical anarchists of historical note include Mohandas Gandhi, William Godwin, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Max Stirner, [117] Benjamin Tucker, [118] and Henry David Thoreau. [119] Contemporary philosophical anarchists include A. John Simmons and Robert Paul Wolff. Subjectivism [ edit]Main article: Subjectivism Subjectivism is a philosophical tenet that accords primacy to subjective experience as fundamental of all measure and law. In extreme forms like Solipsism, it may hold that the nature and existence of every object depends solely on someone's subjective awareness of it. For example, Wittgenstein wrote in Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus: "The subject doesn't belong to the world, but it is a limit of the world" (proposition 5.632). Metaphysical subjectivism is the theory that reality is what we perceive to be real, and that there is no underlying true reality that exists independently of perception. One can also hold that it is consciousness rather than perception that is reality ( subjective idealism ). In probability, a subjectivism stands for the belief that probabilities are simply degrees-of-belief by rational agents in a certain proposition, and which have no objective reality in and of themselves. Ethical subjectivism stands in opposition to moral realism, which claims that moral propositions refer to objective facts, independent of human opinion; to error theory, which denies that any moral propositions are true in any sense; and to non-cognitivism, which denies that moral sentences express propositions at all. The most common forms of ethical subjectivism are also forms of moral relativism, with moral standards held to be relative to each culture or society (c.f. cultural relativism ), or even to every individual. The latter view, as put forward by Protagoras, holds that there are as many distinct scales of good and evil as there are subjects in the world. Moral subjectivism is that species of moral relativism that relativizes moral value to the individual subject. Horst Matthai Quelle was a Spanish language German anarchist philosopher influenced by Max Stirner. [120] He argued that since the individual gives form to the world, he is those objects, the others and the whole universe. [120] One of his main views was a "theory of infinite worlds" which for him was developed by pre-socratic philosophers. [120]Solipsism [ edit]Main article: Solipsism Solipsism is the philosophical idea that only one's own mind is sure to exist. The term comes from Latin solus (alone) and ipse (self). Solipsism as an epistemological position holds that knowledge of anything outside one's own mind is unsure. The external world and other minds cannot be known, and might not exist outside the mind. As a metaphysical position, solipsism goes further to the conclusion that the world and other minds do not exist. As such it is the only epistemological position that, by its own postulate, is both irrefutable and yet indefensible in the same manner. Although the number of individuals sincerely espousing solipsism has been small, it is not uncommon for one philosopher to accuse another's arguments of entailing solipsism as an unwanted consequence, in a kind of reductio ad absurdum. In the history of philosophy, solipsism has served as a skeptical hypothesis. Economic individualism [ edit]The doctrine of economic individualism holds that each individual should be allowed autonomy in making his or her own economic decisions as opposed to those decisions being made by the state, the community, the corporation etc. for him or her. Liberalism [ edit]Main article: Liberalism Classical liberalism is a political ideology that developed in the 19th century in England, Western Europe, and the Americas. It followed earlier forms of liberalism in its commitment to personal freedom and popular government, but differed from earlier forms of liberalism in its commitment to free markets and classical economics. [121] Notable classical liberals in the 19th century include Jean-Baptiste Say, Thomas Malthus, and David Ricardo. Classical liberalism was revived in the 20th century by Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich Hayek, and further developed by Milton Friedman, Robert Nozick, Loren Lomasky, and Jan Narveson. [122] The phrase classical liberalism is also sometimes used to refer to all forms of liberalism before the 20th century. Individualist anarchism and economics [ edit]Influential French individualist anarchist Emile Armand In regards to economic questions within individualist anarchism there are adherents to mutualism ( Pierre Joseph Proudhon, Emile Armand, early Benjamin Tucker); natural rights positions (early Benjamin Tucker, Lysander Spooner, Josiah Warren); and egoistic disrespect for "ghosts" such as private property and markets (Max Stirner, John Henry Mackay, Lev Chernyi, later Benjamin Tucker, Renzo Novatore, illegalism ). Contemporary individualist anarchist Kevin Carson characterizes American individualist anarchism saying that "Unlike the rest of the socialist movement, the individualist anarchists believed that the natural wage of labor in a free market was its product, and that economic exploitation could only take place when capitalists and landlords harnessed the power of the state in their interests. Thus, individualist anarchism was an alternative both to the increasing statism of the mainstream socialist movement, and to a classical liberal movement that was moving toward a mere apologetic for the power of big business." [123]Mutualism [ edit]Main article: Mutualism (economic theory)Mutualism is an anarchist school of thought which can be traced to the writings of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, who envisioned a society where each person might possess a means of production, either individually or collectively, with trade representing equivalent amounts of labor in the free market. [124] Integral to the scheme was the establishment of a mutual-credit bank which would lend to producers at a minimal interest rate only high enough to cover the costs of administration. [125] Mutualism is based on a labor theory of value which holds that when labor or its product is sold, in exchange, it ought to receive goods or services embodying "the amount of labor necessary to produce an article of exactly similar and equal utility". [126] Receiving anything less would be considered exploitation, theft of labor, or usury. Libertarian socialism [ edit]Part of a series on Libertarian socialism Political concepts [show]Economics [show]People [show]Philosophies and tendencies [show]Significant events [show]Related topics [show]Anarchism portal Socialism portal Libertarianism portal Philosophy portal Politics portalv t e Main article: Libertarian socialism Libertarian socialism (sometimes dubbed socialist libertarianism, [127] or left-libertarianism [128] [129]) is a group of anti-authoritarian [130] political philosophies inside the socialist movement that rejects socialism as centralized state ownership and control of the economy, [131] as well as the state itself. [132] It criticizes wage labour relationships within the workplace. [133] Instead, it emphasizes workers' self-management of the workplace [132] and decentralized structures of political organization. [134] [135] [136] It asserts that a society based on freedom and justice can be achieved through abolishing authoritarian institutions that control certain means of production and subordinate the majority to an owning class or political and economic elite. [137] Libertarian socialists advocate for decentralized structures based on direct democracy and federal or confederal associations such as libertarian municipalism, citizens' assemblies, trade unions, and workers' councils. [138] [139] All of this is generally done within a general call for libertarian [140] [141] and voluntary human relationships [142] through the identification, criticism, and practical dismantling of illegitimate authority in all aspects of human life. [42] [46] [143] [144] [44] [145] [146] [48] As such libertarian socialism, within the larger socialist movement, seeks to distinguish itself both from Leninism / Bolshevism and from social democracy. [147] [148]Past and present political philosophies and movements commonly described as libertarian socialist include anarchism (especially anarchist communism, anarchist collectivism, anarcho-syndicalism, [149] and mutualism [150]) as well as autonomism, communalism, participism, guild socialism, [151] revolutionary syndicalism, and libertarian Marxist [152] philosophies such as council communism [153] and Luxemburgism; [154] as well as some versions of " utopian socialism " [155] and individualist anarchism. [156] [157] [158] [159]Left-libertarianism [ edit]Main article: Left-libertarianism Left-libertarianism (or left-wing libertarianism) [note 1] names several related but distinct approaches to politics, society, culture, and political and social theory, which stress both individual freedom and social justice. Unlike right-libertarians, they believe that neither claiming nor mixing one's labor with natural resources is enough to generate full private property rights, [160] [161] and maintain that natural resources (land, oil, gold, trees) ought to be held in some egalitarian manner, either unowned or owned collectively. [161] Those left-libertarians who support private property do so under the condition that recompense is offered to the local community. Left-libertarianism can refer generally to three related and overlapping schools of thought: Anti-authoritarian varieties of left-wing politics and, in particular, the socialist movement, usually known as libertarian socialism. [162]Geolibertarianism: a synthesis of libertarianism and geoism (or Georgism) [163] [164]The Steiner – Vallentyne school, whose proponents draw conclusions from classical liberal or market liberal premises. [165]Left-wing market anarchism, which stresses the socially transformative potential of non-aggression and anticapitalist, freed markets. [166]Right-libertarianism [ edit]Objectivist movement Philosophy [show]Organizations [show]Theorists [show]Literature [show]Related topics [show]Philosophy portalv t e Main article: Right-libertarianism Right-libertarianism or right libertarianism is a phrase used by some to describe either non- collectivist forms of libertarianism [167] or a variety of different libertarian views some label "right" of mainstream libertarianism including " libertarian conservatism ". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy calls it "right libertarianism" but states: "Libertarianism is often thought of as 'right-wing' doctrine. This, however, is mistaken for at least two reasons. First, on social—rather than economic—issues, libertarianism tends to be 'left-wing'. It opposes laws that restrict consensual and private sexual relationships between adults (e.g., gay sex, non-marital sex, and deviant sex), laws that restrict drug use, laws that impose religious views or practices on individuals, and compulsory military service. Second, in addition to the better-known version of libertarianism—right-libertarianism—there is also a version known as ' left-libertarianism '. Both endorse full self-ownership, but they differ with respect to the powers agents have to appropriate unappropriated natural resources (land, air, water, etc.)." [168]As creative independent lifestyle [ edit]Oscar Wilde, famous Irish socialist writer of the decadent movement and famous dandy The anarchist [169] writer and bohemian Oscar Wilde wrote in his famous essay The Soul of Man under Socialism that "Art is individualism, and individualism is a disturbing and disintegrating force. There lies its immense value. For what it seeks is to disturb monotony of type, slavery of custom, tyranny of habit, and the reduction of man to the level of a machine." [79] For anarchist historian George Woodcock "Wilde's aim in The Soul of Man under Socialism is to seek the society most favorable to the artist...for Wilde art is the supreme end, containing within itself enlightenment and regeneration, to which all else in society must be subordinated... Wilde represents the anarchist as aesthete ." [80] The word individualism in this way has been used to denote a personality with a strong tendency towards self-creation and experimentation as opposed to tradition or popular mass opinions and behaviors [3] [8]Anarchist writer Murray Bookchin describes a lot of individualist anarchism as people who "expressed their opposition in uniquely personal forms, especially in fiery tracts, outrageous behavior, and aberrant lifestyles in the cultural ghettos of fin de sicle New York, Paris, and London. As a credo, individualist anarchism remained largely a bohemian lifestyle, most conspicuous in its demands for sexual freedom (' free love ') and enamored of innovations in art, behavior, and clothing." [70]In relation to this view of individuality, French Individualist anarchist Emile Armand advocates egoistical denial of social conventions and dogmas to live in accord to one's own ways and desires in daily life since he emphasized anarchism as a way of life and practice. In this way he manifests "So the anarchist individualist tends to reproduce himself, to perpetuate his spirit in other individuals who will share his views and who will make it possible for a state of affairs to be established from which authoritarianism has been banished. It is this desire, this will, not only to live, but also to reproduce oneself, which we shall call "activity". [170]In the book Imperfect garden : the legacy of humanism, humanist philosopher Tzvetan Todorov identifies individualism as an important current of socio-political thought within modernity and as examples of it he mentions Michel de Montaigne, François de La Rochefoucauld, Marquis de Sade, and Charles Baudelaire [171] In La Rochefoucauld, he identifies a tendency similar to stoicism in which "the honest person works his being in the manner of a sculptor who searches the liberation of the forms which are inside a block of marble, to extract the truth of that matter." [171] In Baudelaire he finds the dandy trait in which one searches to cultivate "the idea of beauty within oneself, of satisfying one's passions of feeling and thinking." [171]The Russian-American poet Joseph Brodsky once manifested that "The surest defense against Evil is extreme individualism, originality of thinking, whimsicality, even—if you will—eccentricity. That is, something that can't be feigned, faked, imitated; something even a seasoned imposter couldn't be happy with." [172] Ralph Waldo Emerson famously declared", "Whoso would be a man must be a nonconformist"—a point of view developed at length in both the life and work of (Henry David) Thoreau. Equally memorable and influential on Walt Whitman is Emerson's idea that "a foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of small minds, adored by little statesmen and philosophers and divines."... Emerson opposes on principle the reliance on social structures (civil, religious) precisely because through them the individual approaches the divine second hand, mediated by the once original experience of a genius from another age: "An institution," as he explains, "is the lengthened shadow of one man." To achieve this original relation one must "Insist on one's self; never imitate" for if the relationship is secondary the connection is lost." [173]See also [ edit]Philosophy portal Anti-individualism Collectivism Global issue Human nature Market fundamentalism Narcissism Natural and legal rights Negative and positive rights Non-aggression principle Personalism Social issue Voluntaryism References [ edit]^ a b "Individualism" on Encyclopædia Britannica Online^ Ellen Meiksins Wood. Mind and Politics: An Approach to the Meaning of Liberal and Socialist Individualism. University of California Press. 1972. ISBN 0-520-02029-4. p. 6^ a b c d e f g "individualism" on The Free Dictionary^ Biddle, Craig. "Individualism vs. Collectivism: Our Future, Our Choice". The Objective Standard. 7 (1).^ a b Hayek, F. A. (1994). The Road to Serfdom. United States of America: The University of Chicago Press. pp. 17, 37–48. ISBN 0-226-32061-8.^ a b c L. Susan Brown. The Politics of Individualism: Liberalism, Liberal Feminism, and Anarchism. Black Rose Books Ltd. 1993^ Ellen Meiksins Wood. Mind and Politics: An Approach to the Meaning of Liberal and Socialist Individualism. University of California Press. 1972. ISBN 0-520-02029-4 pp. 6–7^ a b Snyderman, George S.; Josephs, William (1939). "Bohemia: The Underworld of Art". Social Forces. 18 (2): 187–199. doi: 10.2307/2570771. ISSN 0037-7732. JSTOR 2570771.^ "The leading intellectual trait of the era was the recovery, to a certain degree, of the secular and humane philosophy of Greece and Rome. Another humanist trend which cannot be ignored was the rebirth of individualism, which, developed by Greece and Rome to a remarkable degree, had been suppressed by the rise of a caste system in the later Roman Empire, by the Church and by feudalism in the Middle Ages. "The history guide: Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History"^ "Anthropocentricity and individualism... Humanism and Italian art were similar in giving paramount attention to human experience, both in its everyday immediacy and in its positive or negative extremes... The human-centredness of Renaissance art, moreover, was not just a generalized endorsement of earthly experience. Like the humanists, Italian artists stressed the autonomy and dignity of the individual." "Humanism" on Encyclopædia Britannica^ a b Claeys, Gregory (1986). " " Individualism," "Socialism," and "Social Science": Further Notes on a Process of Conceptual Formation, 1800–1850". Journal of the History of Ideas. University of Pennsylvania Press. 47 (1): 81–93. doi: 10.2307/2709596. JSTOR 2709596.^ Swart, Koenraad W. (1962). " " Individualism" in the Mid-Nineteenth Century (1826–1860)". Journal of the History of Ideas. University of Pennsylvania Press. 23 (1): 77–90. doi: 10.2307/2708058. JSTOR 2708058.^ Abbs 1986, cited in Klein 2005, pp. 26–27^ "The Chrysanthemum and the Sword: Patterns of Japanese Culture." Rutland, VT and Tokyo, Japan: Charles E. Tuttle Co. 1954 orig. 1946.^ Reese, William L. (1980). Dictionary of Philosophy and Religion (1st ed.). Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey: Humanities Press. p. 251. ISBN 0-391-00688-6.^ Audi, Robert, ed. (1999). The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 424. ISBN 0-521-63136-X.^ Jung, C. G. (1962). Symbols of Transformation: An analysis of the prelude to a case of schizophrenia (Vol. 2, R. F. C. Hull, Trans.). New York: Harper & Brothers.^ Jung's Individuation process Retrieved on 2009-2-20^ Gilbert Simondon. L'individuation psychique et collective (Paris, Aubier, 1989; reprinted in 2007 with a preface by Bernard Stiegler)^ Bernard Stiegler: Culture and Technology, tate.org.uk, 13 May 2004^ Heath, Joseph (1 January 2015). Zalta, Edward N., ed. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University – via Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.^ Stigler, George; Gary Becker (Mar 1977). "De gustibus non est disputandum". American Economic Review. 67 (2): 76. JSTOR 1807222.^ "the definition of civil libertarian".^ Compass, The Political. "The Political Compass".^ Ellen Meiksins Wood. Mind and Politics: An Approach to the Meaning of Liberal and Socialist Individualism. University of California Press. 1972. ISBN 0-520-02029-4. p. 7^ Emily Robinson, et al. "Telling stories about post-war Britain: popular individualism and the ‘crisis’ of the 1970s." Twentieth Century British History 28.2 (2017): 268-304.^ "Latin Word Lookup".^ The Ancient Chinese Super State of Primary Societies: Taoist Philosophy for the 21st Century, You-Sheng Li, June 2010, p. 300^ Marcus Aurelius, Meditations, Oxford University Press, 2008, ISBN 978-0-19-954059-4.^ John C. Goodman, "Classical Liberalism vs Modern Liberalism and Modern Conservatism".^ Locke, John (1690). Two Treatises of Government (10th edition). Project Gutenberg. Retrieved January 21, 2009.^ Paul E. Sigmund, editor, The Selected Political Writings of John Locke, Norton, 2003, ISBN 0-393-96451-5 p. iv " (Locke's thoughts) underlie many of the fundamental political ideas of American liberal constitutional democracy...", "At the time Locke wrote, his principles were accepted in theory by a few and in practice by none. "^ Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776.^ John Gray, Two Faces of Liberalism, The New Press, 2008, ISBN 978-1-56584-678-4^ Malatesta, Errico. "Towards Anarchism". MAN!. Los Angeles: International Group of San Francisco. OCLC 3930443. Archived from the original on 7 November 2012. Agrell, Siri (14 May 2007). "Working for The Man". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on 16 May 2007. Retrieved 14 April 2008."Anarchism". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. 2006. Archived from the original on 14 December 2006. Retrieved 29 August 2006."Anarchism". The Shorter Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy: 14. 2005. Anarchism is the view that a society without the state, or government, is both possible and desirable. The following sources cite anarchism as a political philosophy: Mclaughlin, Paul (2007). Anarchism and Authority. Aldershot: Ashgate. p. 59. ISBN 0-7546-6196-2. Johnston, R. (2000). The Dictionary of Human Geography. Cambridge: Blackwell Publishers. p. 24. ISBN 0-631-20561-6.^ Slevin, Carl. "Anarchism." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics. Ed. Iain Mc Lean and Alistair Mc Millan. Oxford University Press, 2003.^ "ANARCHISM, a social philosophy that rejects authoritarian government and maintains that voluntary institutions are best suited to express man's natural social tendencies." George Woodcock. "Anarchism" at The Encyclopedia of Philosophy^ "In a society developed on these lines, the voluntary associations which already now begin to cover all the fields of human activity would take a still greater extension so as to substitute themselves for the state in all its functions." Peter Kropotkin. "Anarchism" from the Encyclopædia Britannica^ "Anarchism." The Shorter Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2005. p. 14 "Anarchism is the view that a society without the state, or government, is both possible and desirable. "^ Sheehan, Sean. Anarchism, London: Reaktion Books Ltd., 2004. p. 85^ "Anarchists do reject the state, as we will see. But to claim that this central aspect of anarchism is definitive is to sell anarchism short." Anarchism and Authority: A Philosophical Introduction to Classical Anarchism by Paul Mc Laughlin. Ash Gate. 2007. p. 28^ a b "The IAF - IFA fights for : the abolition of all forms of authority whether economical, political, social, religious, cultural or sexual." "Principles of The International of Anarchist Federations" Archived January 5, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.^ "Authority is defined in terms of the right to exercise social control (as explored in the "sociology of power") and the correlative duty to obey (as explored in the "philosophy of practical reason"). Anarchism is distinguished, philosophically, by its scepticism towards such moral relations – by its questioning of the claims made for such normative power – and, practically, by its challenge to those "authoritative" powers which cannot justify their claims and which are therefore deemed illegitimate or without moral foundation." Anarchism and Authority: A Philosophical Introduction to Classical Anarchism by Paul Mc Laughlin. Ash Gate. 2007. p. 1^ a b "Anarchism, then, really stands for the liberation of the human mind from the dominion of religion; the liberation of the human body from the dominion of property; liberation from the shackles and restraint of government. Anarchism stands for a social order based on the free grouping of individuals for the purpose of producing real social wealth; an order that will guarantee to every human being free access to the earth and full enjoyment of the necessities of life, according to individual desires, tastes, and inclinations." Emma Goldman. "What it Really Stands for Anarchy" in Anarchism and Other Essays.^ Individualist anarchist Benjamin Tucker defined anarchism as opposition to authority as follows "They found that they must turn either to the right or to the left, – follow either the path of Authority or the path of Liberty. Marx went one way; Warren and Proudhon the other. Thus were born State Socialism and Anarchism ... Authority, takes many shapes, but, broadly speaking, her enemies divide themselves into three classes: first, those who abhor her both as a means and as an end of progress, opposing her openly, avowedly, sincerely, consistently, universally; second, those who profess to believe in her as a means of progress, but who accept her only so far as they think she will subserve their own selfish interests, denying her and her blessings to the rest of the world; third, those who distrust her as a means of progress, believing in her only as an end to be obtained by first trampling upon, violating, and outraging her. These three phases of opposition to Liberty are met in almost every sphere of thought and human activity. Good representatives of the first are seen in the Catholic Church and the Russian autocracy; of the second, in the Protestant Church and the Manchester school of politics and political economy; of the third, in the atheism of Gambetta and the socialism of Karl Marx." Benjamin Tucker. Individual Liberty.^ a b Ward, Colin (1966). "Anarchism as a Theory of Organization". Archived from the original on 25 March 2010. Retrieved 1 March 2010.^ Anarchist historian George Woodcock report of Mikhail Bakunin 's anti-authoritarianism and shows opposition to both state and non-state forms of authority as follows: "All anarchists deny authority; many of them fight against it." (p. 9) ... Bakunin did not convert the League's central committee to his full program, but he did persuade them to accept a remarkably radical recommendation to the Berne Congress of September 1868, demanding economic equality and implicitly attacking authority in both Church and State. "^ a b Brown, L. Susan (2002). "Anarchism as a Political Philosophy of Existential Individualism: Implications for Feminism". The Politics of Individualism: Liberalism, Liberal Feminism and Anarchism. Black Rose Books Ltd. Publishing. p. 106.^ "Anarchy and Organization: The Debate at the 1907 International Anarchist Congress - The Anarchist Library".^ "What do I mean by individualism? I mean by individualism the moral doctrine which, relying on no dogma, no tradition, no external determination, appeals only to the individual conscience." Mini-Manual of Individualism by Han Ryner^ "I do not admit anything except the existence of the individual, as a condition of his sovereignty. To say that the sovereignty of the individual is conditioned by Liberty is simply another way of saying that it is conditioned by itself." "Anarchism and the State" in Individual Liberty^ Everhart, Robert B. The Public School Monopoly: A Critical Analysis of Education and the State in American Society. Pacific Institute for Public Policy Research, 1982. p. 115.^ a b Philip, Mark (2006-05-20). "William Godwin". In Zalta, Edward N. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.^ Adams, Ian. Political Ideology Today. Manchester University Press, 2001. p. 116.^ Godwin, William (1796) [1793]. Enquiry Concerning Political Justice and its Influence on Modern Morals and Manners. G. G. and J. Robinson. OCLC 2340417.^ Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Retrieved 7 December 2006, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online.^ Paul Mc Laughlin. Anarchism and Authority: A Philosophical Introduction to Classical Anarchism. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2007. p. 119.^ Goodway, David. Anarchist Seeds Beneath the Snow. Liverpool University Press, 2006, p. 99.^ a b c Leopold, David (2006-08-04). "Max Stirner". In Zalta, Edward N. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.^ a b The Encyclopedia Americana: A Library of Universal Knowledge. Encyclopedia Corporation. p. 176.^ a b Miller, David. "Anarchism." 1987. The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Political Thought. Blackwell Publishing. p. 11.^ "What my might reaches is my property; and let me claim as property everything I feel myself strong enough to attain, and let me extend my actual property as fas as I entitle, that is, empower myself to take..." In Ossar, Michael. 1980. Anarchism in the Dramas of Ernst Toller. SUNY Press. p. 27.^ a b Nyberg, Svein Olav. "The union of egoists" (PDF). Non Serviam. Oslo, Norway: Svein Olav Nyberg. 1: 13–14. OCLC 47758413. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 December 2012. Retrieved 1 September 2012^ a b Thomas, Paul (1985). Karl Marx and the Anarchists. London: Routledge / Kegan Paul. p. 142. ISBN 0-7102-0685-2.^ a b Carlson, Andrew (1972). "Philosophical Egoism: German Antecedents". Anarchism in Germany. Metuchen: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-0484-0. Archived from the original on 2008-12-10. Retrieved 2008-12-04.^ Palmer, Brian (2010-12-29) What do anarchists want from us?, Slate.com^ William Bailie, "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 4, 2012. Retrieved June 17, 2013. Josiah Warren: The First American Anarchist — A Sociological Study, Boston: Small, Maynard & Co., 1906, p. 20^ Native American Anarchism: A Study of Left-Wing American Individualism by Eunice Minette Schuster Archived February 14, 2016, at the Wayback Machine.^ "Paralelamente, al otro lado del atlántico, en el diferente contexto de una nación a medio hacer, los Estados Unidos, otros filósofos elaboraron un pensamiento individualista similar, aunque con sus propias especificidades. Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862), uno de los escritores próximos al movimiento de la filosofía trascendentalista, es uno de los más conocidos. Su obra más representativa es Walden, aparecida en 1854, aunque redactada entre 1845 y 1847, cuando Thoreau decide instalarse en el aislamiento de una cabaña en el bosque, y vivir en íntimo contacto con la naturaleza, en una vida de soledad y sobriedad. De esta experiencia, su filosofía trata de transmitirnos la idea que resulta necesario un retorno respetuoso a la naturaleza, y que la felicidad es sobre todo fruto de la riqueza interior y de la armonía de los individuos con el entorno natural. Muchos han visto en Thoreau a uno de los precursores del ecologismo y del anarquismo primitivista representado en la actualidad por Jonh Zerzan. Para George Woodcock, esta actitud puede estar también motivada por una cierta idea de resistencia al progreso y de rechazo al materialismo creciente que caracteriza la sociedad norteamericana de mediados de siglo XIX." "Voluntary non-submission. Spanish individualist anarchism during dictatorship and the second republic (1923–1938)" Archived July 23, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.^ a b "2. Individualist Anarchism and Reaction".^ "The Free Love Movement and Radical Individualism, By Wendy Mc Elroy".^ "La insumisión voluntaria: El anarquismo individualista español durante la Dictadura y la Segunda República (1923–1938)" by Xavier Díez Archived July 23, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.^ "Los anarco-individualistas, G. I. A... Una escisión de la FAI producida en el IX Congreso (Carrara, 1965) se pr odujo cuando un sector de anarquistas de tendencia humanista rechazan la interpretación que ellos juzgan disciplinaria del pacto asociativo" clásico, y crean los GIA (Gruppi di Iniziativa Anarchica) . Esta pequeña federación de grupos, hoy nutrida sobre todo de veteranos anarco-individualistas de orientación pacifista, naturista, etcétera defiende la autonomía personal y rechaza a rajatabla toda forma de intervención en los procesos del sistema, como sería por ejemplo el sindicalismo. Su portavoz es L'Internazionale con sede en Ancona. La escisión de los GIA prefiguraba, en sentido contrario, el gran debate que pronto había de comenzar en el seno del movimiento" "El movimiento libertario en Italia" by Bicicleta. REVISTA DE COMUNICACIONES LIBERTARIAS Year 1 No. Noviembre, 1 1977 Archived October 12, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.^ "Proliferarán así diversos grupos que practicarán el excursionismo, el naturismo, el nudismo, la emancipación sexual o el esperantismo, alrededor de asociaciones informales vinculadas de una manera o de otra al anarquismo. Precisamente las limitaciones a las asociaciones obreras impuestas desde la legislación especial de la Dictadura potenciarán indirectamente esta especie de asociacionismo informal en que confluirá el movimiento anarquista con esta heterogeneidad de prácticas y tendencias. Uno de los grupos más destacados, que será el impulsor de la revista individualista Ética será el Ateneo Naturista Ecléctico, con sede en Barcelona, con sus diferentes secciones la más destacada de las cuales será el grupo excursionista Sol y Vida." "La insumisión voluntaria: El anarquismo individualista español durante la Dictadura y la Segunda República (1923–1938)" by Xavier Díez Archived July 23, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.^ "Les anarchistes individualistes du début du siècle l'avaient bien compris, et intégraient le naturisme dans leurs préoccupations. Il est vraiment dommage que ce discours se soit peu à peu effacé, d'antan plus que nous assistons, en ce moment, à un retour en force du puritanisme (conservateur par essence)." "Anarchisme et naturisme, aujourd'hui." by Cathy Ytak Archived February 25, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.^ anne (30 July 2014). "Culture of Individualist Anarchism in Late 19th Century America" (PDF).^ The "Illegalists" Archived September 8, 2015, at the Wayback Machine ., by Doug Imrie (published by Anarchy: A Journal of Desire Armed)^ Parry, Richard. The Bonnot Gang. Rebel Press, 1987. p. 15^ a b "Oscar Wilde essay The soul of man under Socialism". Archived from the original on 2013-09-14.^ a b c George Woodcock. Anarchism: A History of Libertarian Ideas and Movements. 1962. (p. 447)^ Sanders, Steven M. Is egoism morally defensible? Philosophia. Springer Netherlands. Volume 18, Numbers 2–3 / July 1988^ Rachels 2008, p. 534.^ Ridgely, D. A. (August 24, 2008). "Selfishness, Egoism and Altruistic Libertarianism". Archived from the original on December 2, 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-24.^ "Egoism - The Anarchist Library".^ O. Ewald, "German Philosophy in 1907", in The Philosophical Review, Vol. 17, No. 4, Jul., 1908, pp. 400–26; T. A. Riley, "Anti-Statism in German Literature, as Exemplified by the Work of John Henry Mackay", in PMLA, Vol. 62, No. 3, Sep. 1947, pp. 828–43; C. E. Forth, "Nietzsche, Decadence, and Regeneration in France, 1891–95", in Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 54, No. 1, Jan., 1993, pp. 97–117; see also Robert C. Holub's Nietzsche: Socialist, Anarchist, Feminist, an essay available online at the University of California, Berkeley website.^ Macquarrie, John. Existentialism, New York (1972), pp. 18–21.^ Oxford Companion to Philosophy, ed. Ted Honderich, New York (1995), p. 259.^ Macquarrie. Existentialism, pp. 14–15.^ Cooper, D. E. Existentialism: A Reconstruction (Basil Blackwell, 1999, p. 8)^ Marino, Gordon. Basic Writings of Existentialism (Modern Library, 2004, pp. ix, 3).^ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophyhttp://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kierkegaard/^ Watts, Michael. Kierkegaard (Oneworld, 2003, pp. 4–6).^ Lowrie, Walter. Kierkegaard's attack upon "Christendom" (Princeton, 1968, pp. 37–40)^ Corrigan, John. The Oxford handbook of religion and emotion (Oxford, 2008, pp. 387–88)^ Livingston, James et al. Modern Christian Thought: The Twentieth Century (Fortress Press, 2006, Chapter 5: Christian Existentialism).^ Martin, Clancy. Religious Existentialism in Companion to Phenomenology and Existentialism (Blackwell, 2006, pp. 188–205)^ Robert C. Solomon, Existentialism (Mc Graw-Hill, 1974, pp. 1–2)^ D. E. Cooper Existentialism: A Reconstruction (Basil Blackwell, 1999, p. 8).^ Ernst Breisach, Introduction to Modern Existentialism, New York (1962), p. 5^ Walter Kaufmann, Existentialism: From Dostoevesky to Sartre, New York (1956), p. 12^ Guignon, Charles B. and Derk Pereboom. Existentialism: basic writings (Hackett Publishing, 2001, p. xiii)^ Hastings, James. Encyclopedia of Religion^ Compact Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. 2007. humanism n. 1 a rationalistic system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters. 2 a Renaissance cultural movement that turned away from medieval scholasticism and revived interest in ancient Greek and Roman thought. Typically, abridgments of this definition omit all senses except #1, such as in the Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary, Collins Essential English Dictionary, and Webster's Concise Dictionary. New York: RHR Press. 2001. p. 177.^ "Definitions of humanism (subsection)". Institute for Humanist Studies. Archived from the original on 2007-01-18. Retrieved 16 Jan 2007.^ Edwords, Fred (1989). "What Is Humanism?". American Humanist Association. Archived from the original on 30 January 2010. Retrieved 19 August 2009. Secular and Religious Humanists both share the same worldview and the same basic principles... From the standpoint of philosophy alone, there is no difference between the two. It is only in the definition of religion and in the practice of the philosophy that Religious and Secular Humanists effectively disagree.^ Moore, Andrew (1 January 2013). Zalta, Edward N., ed. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University – via Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.^ "libertine" – via The Free Dictionary.^ "Word Net Search - 3.1".^ René Pintard (2000). Le Libertinage érudit dans la première moitié du XVIIe siècle. Slatkine. p. 11. ISBN 978-2-05-101818-0. Retrieved 24 July 2012.^ Amesbury, Richard (1 January 2016). Zalta, Edward N., ed. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University – via Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.^ A Martyr to Sin^ "About the Author" in Rand 1992, pp. 1170–71^ Tucker said, "the fact that one class of men are dependent for their living upon the sale of their labour, while another class of men are relieved of the necessity of labour by being legally privileged to sell something that is not labour. . . . And to such a state of things I am as much opposed as any one. But the minute you remove privilege. . . every man will be a labourer exchanging with fellow-labourers . . . What Anarchistic-Socialism aims to abolish is usury . . . it wants to deprive capital of its reward." Benjamin Tucker. Instead of a Book, p. 404^ Wayne Gabardi, review of Anarchism by David Miller, published in American Political Science Review Vol. 80, No. 1. (Mar., 1986), pp. 300—02.^ According to scholar Allan Antliff, Benjamin Tucker coined the term "philosophical anarchism," to distinguish peaceful evolutionary anarchism from revolutionary variants. Antliff, Allan. 2001. Anarchist Modernism: Art, Politics, and the First American Avant-Garde. University of Chicago Press. p. 4^ Outhwaite, William & Tourain, Alain (Eds.). (2003). Anarchism. The Blackwell Dictionary of Modern Social Thought (2nd Edition, p. 12). Blackwell Publishing^ Michael Freeden identifies four broad types of individualist anarchism. He says the first is the type associated with William Godwin that advocates self-government with a "progressive rationalism that included benevolence to others." The second type is the amoral self-serving rationality of Egoism, as most associated with Max Stirner. The third type is "found in Herbert Spencer 's early predictions, and in that of some of his disciples such as Donisthorpe, foreseeing the redundancy of the state in the source of social evolution." The fourth type retains a moderated form of Egoism and accounts for social cooperation through the advocacy of market. Freeden, Michael. Ideologies and Political Theory: A Conceptual Approach. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-829414-X. pp. 313–14.^ Tucker, Benjamin R., Instead of a Book, by a Man too Busy to Write One: A Fragmentary Exposition of Philosophical Anarchism (1897, New York)^ Broderick, John C. Thoreau's Proposals for Legislation. American Quarterly, Vol. 7, No. 3 (Autumn, 1955). p. 285^ a b c Horst Matthai Quelle. Textos Filosóficos (1989-1999). p. 15^ Hudelson, Richard (1 January 1999). "Modern Political Philosophy". M. E. Sharpe – via Google Books.^ David Conway. Classical Liberalism: The Unvanquished Ideal. Palgrave Macmillan. 1998. ISBN 978-0-312-21932-1 p. 8^ Kevin Carson. Organization Theory: A Libertarian Perspective. BOOKSURGE. 2008. p. 1^ Mutualist.org Introduction^ Miller, David. 1987. "Mutualism." The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Political Thought. Blackwell Publishing. p. 11^ Tandy, Francis D., 1896, Voluntary Socialism, chapter 6, paragraph 15.^ Miller, Wilbur R. (2012). The social history of crime and punishment in America. An encyclopedia. 5 vols. London: Sage Publications. p. 1007. ISBN 1412988764. "There exist three major camps in libertarian thought: right-libertarianism, socialist libertarianism, and ..."^ Bookchin, Murray and Janet Biehl. The Murray Bookchin Reader. Cassell, 1997. p. 170 ISBN 0-304-33873-7^ Hicks, Steven V. and Daniel E. Shannon. The American journal of economics and sociolology. Blackwell Pub, 2003. p. 612^ "It implies a classless and anti-authoritarian (i.e. libertarian) society in which people manage their own affairs" I.1 Isn't libertarian socialism an oxymoron? at An Anarchist FAQ^ "unlike other socialists, they tend to see (to various different degrees, depending on the thinker) to be skeptical of centralized state intervention as the solution to capitalist exploitation..." Roderick T. Long. "Toward a libertarian theory of class." Social Philosophy and Policy. Volume 15. Issue 02. Summer 1998. Pg. 305^ a b "So, libertarian socialism rejects the idea of state ownership and control of the economy, along with the state as such. Through workers' self-management it proposes to bring an end to authority, exploitation, and hierarchy in production." "I1. Isn´t libertarian socialism an oxymoron" in An Anarchist FAQ^ "Therefore, rather than being an oxymoron, "libertarian socialism" indicates that true socialism must be libertarian and that a libertarian who is not a socialist is a phoney. As true socialists oppose wage labour, they must also oppose the state for the same reasons. Similarly, libertarians must oppose wage labour for the same reasons they must oppose the state." "I1. Isn´t libertarian socialism an oxymoron" in An Anarchist FAQ^ "Their analysis treats libertarian socialism as a form of anti-parliamentary, democratic, antibureaucratic grass roots socialist organisation, strongly linked to working class activism." Alex Prichard, Ruth Kinna, Saku Pinta and Dave Berry (eds) Libertarian Socialism: Politics in Black and Red. Palgrave Macmillan, December 2012. pg. 13^ " ...preferringa system of popular self governance via networks of decentralized, local voluntary, participatory, cooperative associations. Roderick T. Long. "Toward a libertarian theory of class." Social Philosophy and Policy. Volume 15. Issue 02. Summer 1998. Pg. 305^ "What is of particular interest here, however, is the appeal to a form of emancipation grounded in decentralized, cooperative and democratic forms of political and economic governance which most libertarian socialist visions, including Cole's, tend to share." Charles Masquelier. Critical theory and libertarian socialism: Realizing the political potential of critical social theory. Bloombury. New York-London. 2014. pg. 189^ Mendes, Silva. Socialismo Libertário ou Anarchismo Vol. 1 (1896): "Society should be free through mankind's spontaneous federative affiliation to life, based on the community of land and tools of the trade; meaning: Anarchy will be equality by abolition of private property (while retaining respect for personal property) and liberty by abolition of authority ".^ "...preferring a system of popular self governance via networks of decentralized, local, voluntary, participatory, cooperative associations-sometimes as a complement to and check on state power..."^ Rocker, Rudolf (2004). Anarcho-Syndicalism: Theory and Practice. AK Press. p. 65. ISBN 978-1-902593-92-0.^ "Lib Soc share with Lib Cap an aversion to any interference to freedom of thought, expression or choicce of lifestyle." Roderick T. Long. "Toward a libertarian theory of class." Social Philosophy and Policy. Volume 15. Issue 02. Summer 1998. pp 305^ "...what categorizes libertarian socialism is a focus on forms of social organization to further the freedom of the individual combined with an advocacy of non-state means for achieving this." Matt Dawson. Late modernity, individualization and socialism: An Associational Critique of Neoliberalism. Palgrave Mac Millan. 2013. pg. 64^ "What is implied by the term 'libertarian socialism'? : The idea that socialism is first and foremost about freedom and therefore about overcoming the domination, repression, and alienation that block the free flow of human creativity, thought, and action... An approach to socialism that incorporates cultural revolution, women's and children's liberation, and the critique and transformation of daily life, as well as the more traditional concerns of socialist politics. A politics that is completely revolutionary because it seeks to transform all of reality. We do not think that capturing the economy and the state lead automatically to the transformation of the rest of social being, nor do we equate liberation with changing our life-styles and our heads. Capitalism is a total system that invades all areas of life: socialism must be the overcoming of capitalist reality in its entirety, or it is nothing." "What is Libertarian Socialism?" by Ulli Diemer. Volume 2, Number 1 (Summer 1997 issue) of The Red Menace.^ "The Soviet Union Versus Socialism". chomsky.info. Retrieved 2015-11-22. Libertarian socialism, furthermore, does not limit its aims to democratic control by producers over production, but seeks to abolish all forms of domination and hierarchy in every aspect of social and personal life, an unending struggle, since progress in achieving a more just society will lead to new insight and understanding of forms of oppression that may be concealed in traditional practice and consciousness.^ "Authority is defined in terms of the right to exercise social control (as explored in the "sociology of power") and the correlative duty to obey (as explred in the "philosophy of practical reason"). Anarchism is distinguished, philosophically, by its scepticism towards such moral relations – by its questioning of the claims made for such normative power – and, practically, by its challenge to those "authoritative" powers which cannot justify their claims and which are therefore deemed illegitimate or without moral foundation." Anarchism and Authority: A Philosophical Introduction to Classical Anarchism by Paul Mc Laughlin. Ash Gate. 2007. p. 1^ Individualist anarchist Benjamin Tucker defined anarchism as opposition to authority as follows "They found that they must turn either to the right or to the left, — follow either the path of Authority or the path of Liberty. Marx went one way; Warren and Proudhon the other. Thus were born State Socialism and Anarchism... Authority, takes many shapes, but, broadly speaking, her enemies divide themselves into three classes: first, those who abhor her both as a means and as an end of progress, opposing her openly, avowedly, sincerely, consistently, universally; second, those who profess to believe in her as a means of progress, but who accept her only so far as they think she will subserve their own selfish interests, denying her and her blessings to the rest of the world; third, those who distrust her as a means of progress, believing in her only as an end to be obtained by first trampling upon, violating, and outraging her. These three phases of opposition to Liberty are met in almost every sphere of thought and human activity. Good representatives of the first are seen in the Catholic Church and the Russian autocracy; of the second, in the Protestant Church and the Manchester school of politics and political economy; of the third, in the atheism of Gambetta and the socialism of Karl Marx." Benjamin Tucker. Individual Liberty.^ Anarchist historian George Woodcock report of Mikhail Bakunin 's anti-authoritarianism and shows opposition to both state and non-state forms of authority as follows: "All anarchists deny authority; many of them fight against it." (p. 9)... Bakunin did not convert the League's central committee to his full program, but he did persuade them to accept a remarkably radical recommendation to the Berne Congress of September 1868, demanding economic equality and implicitly attacking authority in both Church and State. "^ "It is forgotten that the early defenders of commercial society like (Adam) Smith were as much concerned with criticising the associational blocks to mobile labour represented by guilds as they were to the activities of the state. The history of socialist thought includes a long associational and anti-statist tradition prior to the political victory of the Bolshevism in the east and varieties of Fabianism in the west. John O´Neil." The Market: Ethics, knowledge and politics. Routledge. 1998. Pg. 3^ "In some ways, it is perhaps fair to say that if Left communism is an intellectual- political formation, it is so, first and foremost, negatively – as opposed to other socialist traditions. I have labelled this negative pole ‘socialist orthodoxy’, composed of both Leninists and social democrats... What I suggested was that these Left communist thinkers differentiated their own understandings of communism from a strand of socialism that came to follow a largely electoral road in the West, pursuing a kind of social capitalism, and a path to socialism that predominated in the peripheral and semi- peripheral countries, which sought revolutionary conquest of power and led to something like state capitalism. Generally, the Left communist thinkers were to find these paths locked within the horizons of capitalism (the law of value, money, private property, class, the state), and they were to characterize these solutions as statist, substitutionist and authoritarian." Chamsy el- Ojeili. Beyond post-socialism. Dialogues with the far-left. Palgrave Macmillan. 2015. pg 8^ Sims, Franwa (2006). The Anacostia Diaries As It Is. Lulu Press. p. 160.^ A Mutualist FAQ: A.4. Are Mutualists Socialists? Archived 2009-06-09 at the Wayback Machine.^ "It is by meeting such a twofold requirement that the libertarian socialism of G. D. H. Cole could be said to offer timely and sustainable avenues for the institutionalization of the liberal value of autonomy..." Charles Masquelier. Critical theory and libertarian socialism: Realizing the political potential of critical social theory. Bloombury. New York-London. 2014. pg. 190^ "Locating libertarian socialism in a grey area between anarchist and Marxist extremes, they argue that the multiple experiences of historical convergence remain inspirational and that, through these examples, the hope of socialist transformation survives." Alex Prichard, Ruth Kinna, Saku Pinta and Dave Berry (eds) Libertarian Socialism: Politics in Black and Red. Palgrave Macmillan, December 2012. pg. 13^ "Councilism and anarchism loosely merged into ‘libertarian socialism’, offering a non-dogmatic path by which both council communism and anarchism could be updated for the changed conditions of the time, and for the new forms of proletarian resistance to these new conditions." Toby Boraman. "Carnival and Class: Anarchism and Councilism in Australasia during the 1970s" in Alex Prichard, Ruth Kinna, Saku Pinta and Dave Berry (eds). Libertarian Socialism: Politics in Black and Red. Palgrave Macmillan, December 2012. pg. 268.^ Murray Bookchin, Ghost of Anarcho-Syndicalism; Robert Graham, The General Idea of Proudhon's Revolution^ Kent Bromley, in his preface to Peter Kropotkin 's book The Conquest of Bread, considered early French utopian socialist Charles Fourier to be the founder of the libertarian branch of socialist thought, as opposed to the authoritarian socialist ideas of Babeuf and Buonarroti ." Kropotkin, Peter. The Conquest of Bread, preface by Kent Bromley, New York and London, G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1906.^ " (Benjamin) Tucker referred to himself many times as a socialist and considered his philosophy to be "Anarchistic socialism." An Anarchist FAQ by Various Authors^ French individualist anarchist Émile Armand shows clearly opposition to capitalism and centralized economies when he said that the individualist anarchist "inwardly he remains refractory – fatally refractory – morally, intellectually, economically (The capitalist economy and the directed economy, the speculators and the fabricators of single are equally repugnant to him.)" "Anarchist Individualism as a Life and Activity" by Emile Armand^ Anarchist Peter Sabatini reports that In the United States "of early to mid-19th century, there appeared an array of communal and "utopian" counterculture groups (including the so-called free love movement). William Godwin 's anarchism exerted an ideological influence on some of this, but more so the socialism of Robert Owen and Charles Fourier. After success of his British venture, Owen himself established a cooperative community within the United States at New Harmony, Indiana during 1825. One member of this commune was Josiah Warren (1798–1874), considered to be the first individualist anarchist " Peter Sabatini. "Libertarianism: Bogus Anarchy"^ "It introduces an eye-opening approach to radical social thought, rooted equally in libertarian socialism and market anarchism." Chartier, Gary; Johnson, Charles W. (2011). Markets Not Capitalism: Individualist Anarchism Against Bosses, Inequality, Corporate Power, and Structural Poverty. Brooklyn, NY: Minor Compositions/Autonomedia. Pg. Back cover^ Vallentyne, Peter; Steiner, Hillel; Otsuka, Michael (2005). "Why Left-Libertarianism Is Not Incoherent, Indeterminate, or Irrelevant: A Reply to Fried" (PDF). Philosophy and Public Affairs. Blackwell Publishing, Inc. 33 (2). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-11-03. Retrieved 2013-07-23.^ a b Narveson, Jan; Trenchard, David (2008). "Left libertarianism". In Hamowy, Ronald. The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE; Cato Institute. pp. 288–89. doi: 10.4135/9781412965811.n174. ISBN 978-1-4129-6580-4. LCCN 2008009151. OCLC 750831024.^ Bookchin, Murray and Biehl, Janet (1997). The Murray Bookchin Reader. Cassell: p. 170. ISBN 0-304-33873-7^ "Foldvary, Fred E. Geoism and Libertarianism. The Progress Report". Progress.org. Archived from the original on November 4, 2012. Retrieved 2013-03-26.^ Karen De Coster, Henry George and the Tariff Question, Lew Rockwell.com, April 19, 2006.^ Will Kymlicka (2005). "libertarianism, left-". In Ted Honderich. The Oxford Companion to Philosophy. New York City: Oxford University Press.^ Chartier, Gary. Johnson, Charles W. (2011). Markets Not Capitalism: Individualist Anarchism Against Bosses, Inequality, Corporate Power, and Structural Poverty. Minor Compositions. pp. 1–11. ISBN 978-1570272424^ Serena Olsaretti, Liberty, Desert and the Market: A Philosophical Study, Cambridge University Press, 2004, 14, 88, 100.^ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on Libertarianism, Stanford University, July 24, 2006 version.^ "The most ambitious contribution to literary anarchism during the 1890s was undoubtedly Oscar Wilde The Soul of Man under Socialism. Wilde, as we have seen, declared himself an anarchist on at least one occasion during the 1890s, and he greatly admired Peter Kropotkin, whom he had met. Later, in De Profundis, he described Kropotkin's life as one "of the most perfect lives I have come across in my own experience" and talked of him as "a man with a soul of that beautiful white Christ that seems coming out of Russia." But in The Soul of Man under Socialism, which appeared in 1890, it is Godwin rather than Kropotkin whose influence seems dominant." George Woodcock. Anarchism: A History of Libertarian Ideas and Movements. 1962. (p. 447)^ _wlo:dek. "Emil Armand "Anarchist Individualism as a Life and Activity " ".^ a b c Imperfect garden : the legacy of humanism. Princeton University Press. 2002.^ "Dictionary.com - The world's favorite online dictionary!". Archived from the original on 2010-11-19.^ "Emerson, Ralph Waldo - Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy". Notes [ edit]^ Related, arguably synonymous, terms include libertarianism, left-wing libertarianism, egalitarian-libertarianism, and libertarian socialism. Sundstrom, William A. " An Egalitarian-Libertarian Manifesto Archived October 29, 2013, at the Wayback Machine .."Bookchin, Murray and Biehl, Janet (1997). The Murray Bookchin Reader. New York: Cassell. p. 170. Sullivan, Mark A. (July 2003). "Why the Georgist Movement Has Not Succeeded: A Personal Response to the Question Raised by Warren J. Samuels." American Journal of Economics and Sociology. 62:3. p. 612. Further reading [ edit]Albrecht, James M. (2012) Reconstructing Individualism : A Pragmatic Tradition from Emerson to Ellison. Fordham University Press. Brown, L. Susan (1993). The Politics of Individualism: Liberalism, Liberal Feminism, and Anarchism. Black Rose Books. Dewey, John. (1930). Individualism Old and New. Emerson, Ralph Waldo (1847). Self-Reliance. London: J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd. Gagnier, Regenia. (2010). Individualism, Decadence and Globalization: On the Relationship of Part to Whole, 1859–1920. Palgrave Macmillan. Dumont, Louis (1986). Essays on Individualism: Modern Ideology in Anthropological Perspective. Chicago: University Of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-16958-8. Lukes, Steven (1973). Individualism. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-631-14750-0. Meiksins Wood, Ellen. (1972). Mind and Politics: An Approach to the Meaning of Liberal and Socialist Individualism. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02029-4Renaut, Alain (1999). The Era of the Individual. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-02938-5. Shanahan, Daniel. (1991) Toward a Genealogy of Individualism. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 0-87023-811-6. Watt, Ian. (1996) Myths of Modern Individualism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-48011-6. Barzilai, Gad. (2003). Communities and Law. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-11315-1. Fruehwald, Edwin, "A Biological Basis of Rights", 19 Southern California Interdisciplinary Law Journal 195 (2010). External links [ edit]Wikisource has the text of the 1921 Collier's Encyclopedia article Individualism. Archive of individualist texts at The Anarchist Library [ show]v t e Conformity [ show]v t e Political ideologies [ show]v t e Social and political philosophy Authority control GND: 4131852-3 NDL: 00566909Categories: Individualism Anarchist theory Autonomy Ethical theories Libertarian theory Philosophy of life Political culture Political philosophy Political theories Narcissism Self

D3210548

https://www.kapre.com/real-estate-courses/alabama/how-do-i-get-my-real-estate-license

How do I get my Alabama Real Estate license?

To earn your real estate license in Alabama, you must be 19 years old, successfully complete the 60-hour prelicensing education requirement with an approved school, and pass the state and national portions of the Alabama licensing exam. While the process to become a real estate agent is similar in most states, each state has its unique steps that must be adhered to. The four steps to becoming an Alabama real estate agent are as follows: Step 1: Register for the 60 Hours of Required Education You must successfully complete 60 hours of approved real estate education, and be at least 19 years old. Complete the 60-hour requirement with our approved education. Alabama 60-Hour Real Estate Principles with Master Exam Prep Package | $329Alabama 60-Hour Real Estate Principles Course | $299Select the course that's right for you on the Alabama Salesperson Licensing Course page. Your courses are offered by Brightwood College | Hammond. Step 2: Apply for your Real Estate License Examination For more detailed information, go to: www.goamp.com Learn more about our Alabama real estate licensing packages and start studying now!Step 3: Take the Alabama and National Licensing Exam Successfully pass both the Alabama and National portions of the AMP Salesperson Real Estate Exam. Be prepared on exam day with our exam prep QBank. The Alabama Guide to Passing the AMP Exam QBank | $99Select the course that's right for you on the Alabama Exam Prep page. Step 4: Apply for Your Alabama State License Applications can be located on the Alabama Real Estate Commission website at:https://arec.alabama.gov You must also complete a Criminal History Release Form and submit it with your application. The form is located on the Commission’s website at:http://arec.alabama.gov/images/uploads/pdf/ABI-46%20revised.pdf FREE e Book: Launching Your Real Estate Career Wouldn’t it be great if you could sit down with a room full of successful real estate professionals and ask them for career advice? We asked several accomplished real estate professionals what they wish they knew before they earned their license and started their career, and what they thought all aspiring real estate professionals should know. We put all of their advice into a value-packed e Book. Download FREE e Book Alabama Real Estate Home Licensing Exam Prep Continuing Education Professional Development Steps to Alabama Licensing Alabama State Requirements Alabama FAQs Complete Licensing Solution Alabama 60-Hour Real Estate Principles with Master Exam Prep Package View Details

D3039708

http://www.ipedeckingboston.com/prices/ipe-boston-prices.php

Boston Ipe Decking Prices

Boston Ipe Decking Prices Our Boston Ipe Decking customers enjoy great prices on their Ipe Decking and huge savings on their shipping costs. Since we do so much lumber business in the Boston and Massachusetts area you can have a total delivery time that's measured in days, not weeks. Our inventory of Brazilian Walnut (Ipe) is very extensive with standard stock sizes ranging from 1x6 to 2x12 and even large timbers such as 6x6. We have our own full service lumber millwork facility and can even custom dimension our products to fit your custom specs. Our prices show just why we do so much business in the Boston area. Please remember this is top quality Ipe Wood. Don't be fooled, there is a difference in the quality of the wood from different companies. Ipe Wood is the finest, but if you want the crème' de la crème' for your deck then give us a call. Limited-Time Sale on 3–7 Foot Lengths!Item Description Price1 X 4 ¾" X 3 ½" $2.291 X 4 +PLUS® 21mm X 3 ½" $2.661 X 6 ¾" X 5 ½" $3.431 X 6 B-Grade ¾" X 5 ½" $2.161 x 6 +Plus® 21mm x 5 ½" $3.985/4 X 4 1" X 3 ½" $2.875/4 X 4 B-Grade 1" X 3 ½" $1.705/4 X 6 1" X 5 ½" $4.965/4 X 6 B-Grade 1" X 5 ½" $3.121 X 4 Pregrooved ¾" X 3 ½" $2.691 X 4 +PLUS® Pregrooved 21mm X 3 ½"$3.061 x 6 Pregrooved ¾" x 5 ½" $3.831 x 6 +Plus® Pregrooved 21mm x 5 ½" $4.385/4 X 4 Pregrooved 1" X 3 ½" $3.275/4 x 6 Pregrooved 1" x 5 ½" $5.361 X 4 One-Sided Pregrooved ¾" X 3 ½"$2.691 X 4 +PLUS® One-Sided Pregrooved 21mm X 3 ½"$3.061 x 6 One-Sided Pregrooved ¾" x 5 ½"$3.831 x 6 +Plus® One-Sided Pregrooved 21mm x 5 ½"$4.385/4 X 4 One-Sided Pregrooved 1" X 3 ½"$3.275/4 x 6 One-Sided Pregrooved 1" x 5 ½"$5.36Tongue & Groove 1 x 4 11/16" X 3" $3.04Tongue & Groove 1 x 4 +PLUS® 21mm X 3"$3.41Tongue & Groove 1 x 6 11/16" X 5" $4.18Tongue & Groove 1 x 6 +Plus® ¾" X 5"$4.73Tongue & Groove 5/4 x 4 15/16" X 3" $3.62Tongue & Groove 5/4 x 6 15/16" X 5" $5.71Siding 1 x 411/16" X 3" Shiplap Siding$3.04Siding 1 x 4 +PLUS®21mm X 3" Shiplap Siding$3.41Siding 1 x 611/16" X 5" Shiplap Siding$4.18Siding 1 x 6 +Plus ®21mm X 5" Shiplap Siding$4.73Siding 5/4 x 41" X 3" Shiplap Siding$3.62Siding 5/4 x 61" X 5" Shiplap Siding$5.71Rainscreen Siding 5/4 x 40.99" thick X 2 5/8" face$3.97Rainscreen Siding 5/4 x 60.99" thick X 4 5/8" face$5.965/4 X 8 1" X 7 ¼" $9.045/4 X 10 1" X 9 ¼" $11.895/4 X 12 1" X 11 ¼" $12.362 X 2 1 ½" X 1 ½" $2.492 X 4 1 ½" X 3 ½" $5.322 X 6 1 ½" X 5 ½" $8.042 X 6 B-Grade 1 ½" X 5 ½" $5.072 X 8 1 ½" X 7 ¼" $11.972 X 10 1 ½" X 9 ¼" $15.472 X 12 1 ½" X 11 ¼" $20.173 x 6 2 ½" X 5 ½" $21.783 x 8 2 ½" X 7 ¼" $25.414 X 4 3 ½" X 3 ½" $11.436 X 6 5 ½" x 5 ½" $54.07Large Rail Cap1 7/16" X 5 3/8" (approximate)$8.89Small Handrail1 7/16" x 3" (approximate)$6.64Subrail1" X 3 ½" (approximate)$5.36Quarter Round Molding ¾" X ¾" $3.06Shoe Molding ½" X ¾" $3.06Post Caps 1 1x2" thick (various sizes)$27.50 ea. 9 ¼" X 9 ¼" 7 ¼" X 7 ¼" 5 ½" X 5 ½" (approximate)Slip Post (hollow) 7" X 7" X 48" $183.02 ea.20 x 20 Ipe Decking Tile19.63" x 19.63" x 1.18"$15.7424 x 24 Ipe Decking Tile23 7/8" x 23 7/8" x 1 11/16"$32.66Short-Length Decking Sale For a limited time, save money on short-length Ipe decking!Profile Sale Price1x4 (3'–7' lengths) $1.741x4+ (3'–7' lengths) $1.801x6 (3'–7' lengths) $2.881x6+ (3'–7' lengths) $3.125/4x4 (3'–7' lengths) $2.105/4x6 (3'–7' lengths) $3.60Request a Quote

D3001211

http://homeguides.sfgate.com/can-personal-bank-loan-out-down-payment-home-97705.html

Can You Take a Personal Bank Loan out for a Down Payment on a Home?

Written by KC Hernandez; Updated June 19, 2017Related Articles Can You Borrow the 3.5% Down Needed for an FHA Loan? How to Get Cash Down Payment Gifts for Homes & Mortgages Can a Down Payment on a House Be Waived? What Is the Average Down Payment on a House? Mortgage lenders generally want you to obtain a down payment from anywhere but another lending institution. If you take out a bank loan for the down payment on a home, it sends a signal to the lender that you don't have the means to save or otherwise build up the funds yourself. Borrowing the down payment also defeats the purpose of the contribution. Lenders require that you to chip in a minimum amount of your own money to increase your financial stake in the transaction, at least theoretically reducing the chance that you'll default. Personal Loans Are Unsecured Debt A bank makes a personal loan based on your credit and financial ability to repay the debt. You wouldn't put up any collateral, such as a house or car, for a personal loan, so it's considered an unsecured debt. Unlike with a secured debt, the bank has fewer options for recouping its money if you fail to repay a personal loan, so you'll probably end up paying a higher interest rate than you would for a home loan, which is secured by the property. An Additional Burden An otherwise affordable home can turn into a financial burden if you take out a personal bank loan to cover the down payment. You must pay the bank both principal and interest each month until you pay off the personal loan. The additional monthly payment can reduce your mortgage borrowing power because it increases your debt-to-income ratio. A typical down payment is 20 percent of the home's purchase price, but lenders also offer lower down payment loans. Such loans usually require 3 percent, 3.5 percent, 5 percent or 10 percent down. You might be better off not borrowing the down payment but reducing it instead. Lenders Trace Your Down Payment Lender guidelines prohibit using funds that you can't account for. You must provide the lender with the source of your down payment via account statements or another form of paper trail. Acceptable down payment sources include your personal savings, a gift from a family member, retirement funds, or other investments and assets that don't involve additional monthly payments. If a lender allows you to use funds borrowed from your 401 (k) or other retirement plan, the lender usually doesn't count the payments against you. Down Payment Seasoning The lender will also review your credit report and require that the money you have in the bank is "seasoned." This means that your down payment funds have been sitting in the same bank account for a period of time before you purchase a house. Typically, lenders require down payment seasoning period of two or three months. This prevents you from taking out a bank loan without the lender's knowledge and depositing it into your bank account so it appears that you saved up the funds. After two to three months, a personal bank loan shows up on your credit report. References (3)Lending Tree: Personal Loan Kiplinger: Borrowing From Your 401 (k) to Finance a Home Read more at http://www.kiplinger.com/article/real-estate/T010-C000-S002-borrowing-from-your-retirement-plan-to-buy-a-home.html#fcvk Mvhd Fd JTK7fs.99Qualified Mortgage: What are ‘Sourced and Seasoned’ Funds for a Down Payment? Read more: http://www.qualifiedmortgage.org/sourced-seasoned-down-payment/#ixzz2t4sux3DEResources (1)Realtor.com: Preparing Your Down Payment About the Author K. C. Hernandez has covered real estate topics since 2009. She is a licensed real estate salesperson in San Diego since 2004. Her articles have appeared in community newspapers but her work is mostly online. Hernandez has a Bachelor of Arts in English from UCLA and works as the real estate expert for Demand Media Studios. Photo Credits Creatas/Creatas/Getty Images Cite this Article

D190696

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/stumped

stumped

stumped Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Acronyms, Idioms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia .stump (stŭmp)n.1. The part of a tree trunk left protruding from the ground after the tree has fallen or has beenfelled.2. A part, as of a branch, limb, or tooth, remaining after the main part has been cut away,broken off, or worn down.3.a. stumps Informal The legs.b. An artificial leg.4. Derogatory A short, thickset person.5. A heavy footfall.6. A place or an occasion used for political or campaign oratory: candidates out on thestump.7. A short, pointed roll of leather or paper or wad of rubber for rubbing on a charcoal or pencildrawing to shade or soften it.8. Sports Any of the three upright sticks in a cricket wicket.v. stumped, stump·ing, stumpsv. tr.1. To reduce to a stump.2. To clear stumps from: stump a field.3. To stub (a toe or foot).4. To walk over heavily or clumsily.5. To traverse (a district or region) making political speeches.6. To shade (a drawing) with a stump.7. To challenge (someone); dare.8. To cause to be at a loss; baffle: stumped the teacher with a question.v. intr.1. To walk heavily or clumsily.2. To go about making political speeches. [Middle English stumpe, possibly from Middle Low German stump . ]stump′er n.stump′i·ness n.stump′y adj. American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved. Thesaurus Antonyms Related Words Synonyms Legend: Switch to new thesaurusstumpedadjective baffled, perplexed, at a loss, floored (informal), at sea, stymied, nonplussed, flummoxed, brought to a standstill, uncertain which way to turn, at your wits' end I mustconfess I was stumped for a moment. Collins Thesaurus of the English Language – Complete and Unabridged 2nd Edition. 2002 © Harper Collins Publishers 1995, 2002Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: Facebook Twitter

D329068

http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/zebra

zebra

zebra Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Financial, Acronyms, Idioms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia . (1) ZEBRA An Ebstein-Barr virus gene which must be activated for EBV to replicate, thus acting as a switchbetween latency and replication. The gene is termed ZEBRA as it is localised on the EBV Bam HI Z fragment that corresponds to the EBV Replication Activator; the protein product of ZEBRA is a transcriptional transactivator (2) Zebra A popular ‘short form’ of the aphorism often quoted to medical students during clinical rotations—‘when you hear hoofbeats, don’t think of zebras.’ This variation of ‘Sutton’s law’ is designed to teach students a logical approach to a diagnosis, since common things occur commonly and whenone hears hoofbeats, one should first think of horses and exclude them in the differential diagnosisbefore thinking of the unusual causes—the zebras—of a particular clinical finding. Segen's Medical Dictionary. © 2012 Farlex, Inc. All rights reserved.zebra Medtalk A popular 'short form' of the aphorism often quoted to medical students duringclinical rotations–' when you hear hoofbeats, don't think of zebras '. See Sutton's law. Cf 'Red herring. '. Mc Graw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine. © 2002 by The Mc Graw-Hill Companies, Inc.zebraass-like animals with a distinctive black and white striped coat, large ears, tufted tail and stiffmane. Called also Equus burchelli (common zebra), E. zebra (mountain zebra), E. grevyi (Grevy's zebra) and some recognized subspecies.zebra diagnosisarriving at an unlikely diagnosis instead of a more common one.zebra marksfaint striping in coats of horses, usually on the legs, also the neck and withers. Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary, 3 ed. © 2007 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: Facebook Twitter

D3169283

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/turbidity

turbidity

turbidity Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia. Related to turbidity: turbidity currenttur·bid (tûr′bĭd)adj.1. Having sediment or foreign particles stirred up or suspended; muddy: turbid water.2. Heavy, dark, or dense, as smoke or fog.3. In a state of turmoil; muddled: turbid feelings. [Latin turbidus, disordered, from turba, turmoil, probably from Greek turbē . ]tur′bid·ly adv.tur′bid·ness, tur·bid′i·ty n. American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved. Thesaurus Antonyms Related Words Synonyms Legend: Switch to new thesaurus Noun 1. turbidity - muddiness created by stirring up sediment or havingforeign particles suspendedturbidnessmurkiness, cloudiness, muddiness - the quality of being cloudy Based on Word Net 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. © 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc. Translations Select a language: Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: Facebook Twitter

D2797898

https://www.quotev.com/quiz/6570349/How-much-do-you-know-about-master-chief-and-halo

How much do you know about master chief and halo

Test your knowledge on the amazing yet very awesome master chief and halo franchise (caution some questions may be a little bit challenging) first quiz :) good luck... July 2, 2015 · 347 takers Video Games Master Cheif Halo Master Chief Halo Report♥ Add to library 3» Discussion 14» Follow author» Share test How much do you know about master chief and halo Batgirl981 18 What is the master chiefs tag name? Jay 116John 117Master chief118 john Show all◀ ▶

D300844

https://www.applianceblog.com/mainforums/threads/42489-Maytag-dishwasher-clean-light-flashing

Thread: Maytag dishwasher clean light flashing

December 13th, 2013, 06:39 AM #1Adobe Premium Member Join Date Dec 2013Location Sc Posts 6Maytag dishwasher clean light flashing Model Number: MDBH969AWS1Brand: Maytag Age: 1-5 years Our maytag dishwasher has the clean light flashing 7 times problem. I tried reset (hi tmp wash/heated dry repeat until all lights on, press cancel drain), and the drain cycle runs for 2 mins but then back to same problem with clean light flashing and won't start. I would like to remove the inner door panel to see if there is a tech sheet in there, but the screws are not typical Phillips head --- do I need an Allen wrench or something else to remove them? Also I am thinking it probably needs a new control panel , but would like advice on what the problem actually is. Thanks. December 13th, 2013, 06:51 AM #2Adobe Premium Member Join Date Dec 2013Location Sc Posts 6ok I got the Allen wrench, and found the tech sheet behind the kick plate instead. So now what? December 13th, 2013, 07:03 AM #3Adobe Premium Member Join Date Dec 2013Location Sc Posts 6Pressed heated/normal dry/heated/normal dry and am running diagnostic cycle now. But I am not sure how to interpret the chart with all the intervals on the tech sheet. December 13th, 2013, 07:21 AM #4Adobe Premium Member Join Date Dec 2013Location Sc Posts 6Th diagnostic cycle seemed to alternate between normal and rinse several times and then just turned off all together. Not sure what that means . Well it seems I am now able to start my dishwasher like normal again for now. I am running the water in the sink hot before turning on dishwasher in case problem is with thermistor not sensing hot water. December 18th, 2013, 07:28 AM #5Adobe Premium Member Join Date Dec 2013Location Sc Posts 6Problem is now fixed. The error occurred again, but knowing that it was possible to run the diagnostic cycle, it did not seem to be a control board problem. I removed the heat element and tested it with an ohm meter -- the heating element was dead. Replaced it with a part from repairclinic.com and now working fine. December 18th, 2013, 07:33 AM #6Adobe Premium Member Join Date Dec 2013Location Sc Posts 6Heating element replacement Just a quick question. I replaced the heating element on our Maytag dishwasher (which was getting the cleaning light flashing 7 times error signal). It seems to be working fine now. However, I just now notice that there are these small tabs that I forgot to insert on on the plugs that go into the heating element. Is it important to put these back in? Thanks. December 22nd, 2013, 10:13 AM #7Jake Appliance Tech - Admin Join Date Aug 2004Location Mc Mullen Valley, Arizona Posts 90,295Yes, you will need to install those with the new heating element. Watch the video below. Here's the heating element for your model: Heating Element W10518394 Order now for same day shipping. 365 day return policy. Repair Clinic.com Whirlpool Dishwasher Heating Element Replacement #W10518394Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 5:11 Jake Appliance Repair School 1987-1988 Star Appliance Tech. 2 yrs. 1988-1990 Wards Appliance Tech. 11 yrs. 1990-2001 Sears Appliance Tech. 4 yrs. 2001-Oct. 2005 Jake's Appliance Repair Nov. 2005-present Look-Up & Order Parts

D310463

https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/14/us/atlanta-treads-cautiously-in-a-clash-of-hip-hop-and-neighborhood.html

Atlanta Treads Cautiously in a Clash of Hip-Hop and Neighborhood

U. S. Atlanta Treads Cautiously in a Clash of Hip-Hop and Neighborhood By RICHARD FAUSSET DEC. 14, 2016The Metropolitan, a business and arts district in southwest Atlanta, counts music studios among its businesses. Hip-hop has become a pop-cultural signature for the city. Kevin D. Liles for The New York Times ATLANTA — When Trentavious White, a rising rap star known to the world as Bankroll Fresh, was fatally shot here outside Street Execs Studios, the brightest stars in the hip-hop firmament offered their condolences: Big Boi, Lil Wayne, T. I., 2 Chainz. A less conspicuous note came from the neighborhood association in Underwood Hills, the understated middle-class section of Atlanta where Street Execs is located. In addition to saying they were “deeply saddened” by Mr. White’s death on March 4, the association members, in a statement, described their long-running litany of problems with the recording studio: loud parties, booming music and at least one other instance of gunfire.“As a peaceful neighborhood of families,” the group said, “we are very worried about the safety and quality of life problems the studio has brought to our neighborhood.”Now the shooting, and episodes like it, have prompted a city councilwoman to propose new restrictions that would require recording studios to have soundproofing, be subject to a more rigorous permit process and be at least 500 feet from residential areas. The measure has set off a different kind of worry in a city where hip-hop recordings have become the signature pop-cultural product — one with a potency, and global reach, to rival Coca-Cola’s.“I think that this is reactionary,” Michael Render, the Atlanta rapper and activist who goes by Killer Mike, said in an interview. “I think it’s punitive to hip-hop, and hip-hop being the greatest cultural export from Atlanta in the last 125 years.”Related Coverage CRITIC'S NOTEBOOKLil Yachty and 21 Savage: Atlanta Shows a Range of Hip-Hop JULY 27, 2016PLAYLISTFuture and Young Thug, Atlanta’s Hip-Hop Workaholics, Go Their Own Ways FEB. 10, 2016ALBUM REVIEWChildish Gambino’s ‘Awaken, My Love!’ Sounds Like the 1970s DEC. 7, 2016Atlanta’s emergence as an undisputed hip-hop powerhouse has been fueled by the South’s cheap cost of living, the inevitable spread of the genre beyond its New York birthplace, and by Atlanta’s broader reputation as a tolerant and economically muscular black mecca that attracts African-American strivers of all kinds. The rapper Trentavious White, known as Bankroll Fresh, at Street Execs Studios in Atlanta in October 2015. Mr. White was fatally shot outside the recording studio in March. Prince Williams/Getty Images The culture remains defiantly youthful — rap’s flavor du jour, Lil Yachty, is all of 19 years old — but is capable of remarkable depth, most recently evidenced by the surrealist half-hour television comedy “Atlanta,” which explores the life and milieu of a rapper, and his struggling manager, with melancholic grace. Some of the music, like Mr. White’s, is transgressive and threat-laced, reflecting the hard reality of the streets. But some of it is not. And while many here are proud of Atlanta’s status as hip-hop’s capital, there are complications baked into the broader city’s relationship with what remains, in many ways, rebel music. When former Mayor Shirley Franklin commissioned the acclaimed producer Dallas Austin to create a new theme song for the city in 2005, the resulting hip-hop-tinged R&B track was panned by suburbanites and Andrew Young, the former Atlanta mayor and civil rights icon. Two years ago, an email emerged from Bruce Levenson, then an owner of the Atlanta Hawks basketball team, in which he lamented that too much hip-hop was being played during Hawks home games. (The team has since been sold. )Musicians and producers say the vast majority of studio work goes on here without a hint of violence. Inevitably, however, the killings at studios tend to generate outsize interest. In 2011, Mario Hamilton, who rapped under the name Slim Dunkin, was gunned down at a studio in east Atlanta. Less than two months after the shooting of Bankroll Fresh, two men were found fatally shot at a studio called Headquarters Recording on the city’s west side. On Monday night, a man was shot and killed in the same general area. An Atlanta Police spokesman, Donald Hannah, said Tuesday that the man had recently visited a recording studio near the site of the shooting. But investigators had not made a connection, he said, “between any occurrences inside the studio and the homicide.”Street Execs Studios in west Atlanta. The fatal shooting of Bankroll Fresh and other episodes have prompted a city councilwoman to propose restrictions on recording studios. Kevin D. Liles for The New York Times The councilwoman who introduced the measure, Felicia Moore, said it was in response to complaints about a number of music studios in her district. Her proposal would require studios to have soundproofing, be subject to a more rigorous permit process, and be at least 500 feet from residential areas. Ms. Moore said she was a music fan, but added that residents “are entitled to the quiet enjoyment of their home.” Some critics say that the proposal, as written, would apply to all studios, but Ms. Moore insists that it would apply only to new ones. A clash was, perhaps, inevitable: The rise of hip-hop here, much of it produced in nondescript studios tucked away on quiet side streets, has taken place alongside a repopulation of the city, and a new embrace of urban living. Once-neglected industrial areas are suddenly sprouting dense new residential developments. California Today The news and stories that matter to Californians (and anyone else interested in the state), delivered weekday mornings. Sign Up You agree to receive occasional updates and special offers for The New York Times's products and services. See Sample Privacy Policy Opt out or contact us anytime“So you have somebody who moves in from outside the perimeter, because they think it’s cool to live in an urban environment, and suddenly they’re complaining that there’s urban noise, that there’s buses, there’s trains, there’s music,” said Mala Sharma, the co-president of Georgia Music Partners, a nonprofit advocacy group. Ms. Sharma said she knew of about 50 commercial recording studios operating in the city limits. In Underwood Hills, however, a number of residents noted that their neighborhood, founded in 1902, long predates the opening of Street Execs. A number of them also took pains to note that they had nothing against rap music. (“I LOVE Outkast,” the neighborhood association’s president, Kristin Olson, wrote in an email, referring to the Atlanta duo whose single “Hey Ya” topped the Billboard charts in 2003. “Totally my era.”)But Ms. Olson said that her neighbors had reason to be alarmed after Mr. White’s death. She said that the studio’s lot borders the backyards of single-family homes. The police report indicates that during the shooting, one bullet struck a residence, and another settled in the wall of a nearby business. The neighborhood in west Atlanta adjacent to Street Execs Studios. Mala Sharma of Georgia Music Partners, an advocacy group, said she knew of about 50 commercial recording studios operating in the city limits. Kevin D. Liles for The New York Times“I don’t know if the ordinance is going to 100 percent solve anything, but I know the stress my neighbors went through,” she said. “I guess I get it.”A spokesman for the Fulton County district attorney said Friday that the killing of Mr. White remained under investigation. Last week, dozens of record producers, sound engineers and artists showed up at City Hall for a meeting of the board that makes nonbinding recommendations on zoning proposals like Ms. Moore’s to the Atlanta City Council. The artists said they could not understand why their industry was being singled out, when people are shot outside other places like grocery stores. They wondered whether the ordinance would hamper the sound engineers working in Georgia’s growing film and television production industry. Ben Allen, a producer, argued that this scattered cottage industry was central to the city’s identity.“Can you imagine an Atlanta without ‘Hey Ya’ by Outkast? That song was recorded on a quiet neighborhood street in Underwood Hills,” he said. “How about ‘Crazy’ by Gnarls Barkley? That song was recorded 100 feet away from a 200-unit apartment building. Or ‘Climax’ by Usher? That song was recorded at a studio in the middle of Loring Heights on a quiet city street.”The board did not deliberate long. “I have a hard time swallowing this proposal,” said one member, Steven D. Lee Sr. “Just for clarity, my son is a music producer. And my son has a studio in my home.”The crowd cheered. The board voted to recommend that the council reject the ordinance. A City Council committee is expected to take up the matter Jan. 11. In the meantime, Ms. Moore said she planned to make a number of changes in her proposal based on her conversations with the music community. A version of this article appears in print on December 15, 2016, on Page A14 of the New York edition with the headline: Atlanta’s Uneasy Clash of Hip-Hop and Neighborhood. Order Reprints Today's Paper Subscribe

D1895820

https://www.ucsfbenioffchildrens.org/education/tips_for_checking_blood_sugar/

Tips for Checking Blood Sugar

Tips for Checking Blood Sugar When to Check Blood Sugar Levels Check your child's blood sugar level at the following times: Before meals and bedtime, a minimum of four times a day. If you suspect your child has a low blood sugar level. Before and after your child exercises. When your child is ill. Two hours after the start of a meal, if results from before the meal don't match Hb A1c. During the night. This is particularly important if your child had a low blood sugar level during the day, exercised more than usual, made a change in the insulin dose or has been ill. How to Check Blood Sugar Levels A health care professional will teach you and your child how to properly use a blood glucose meter. Clean hands with soap and water. Make sure the finger is dry before obtaining the blood sample — wet fingers can alter the value. Prick the side of the fingertip. The forearm also can be pricked with certain meters using a lancet device. Do not use the forearm if you suspect a low blood sugar or when the blood sugar is rapidly changing, such as after meals or exercise. Insert strip into meter. Obtain a drop of blood. Apply the drop of blood to a test strip. Read the result and enter it in a logbook. Bring the meter and logbook to all doctor visits. Suggested Glucose Target Ranges The American Diabetes Association (ADA) published a position statement in 2005 on the standard of care for children with type 1 diabetes. Below is a table with the ADA's recommendations on age-specific blood sugar goal ranges. Blood glucose goals should be higher than those listed in the table for children who have frequent cases of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels) and don't experience the associated signs and symptoms. Your child's diabetes health care team will recommend an individualized target range for blood sugar levels. The general goal is to maintain as normal as possible blood sugar levels without causing frequent low blood sugar. Research has shown that in children under the age of 6, frequent, severe low blood sugar levels may result in neuro-cognitive deficits — problems related to intellectual ability — so target ranges are higher in this age group. Adolescents should strive to achieve similar target ranges as adults. However, this may be difficult because of higher hormone levels, such as growth hormones, which counteract the effects of insulin. If your child's sugar levels are in the ranges listed below at least 50 percent of the time, then blood sugar control is considered reasonable. If sugars levels exceed the range more than 50 percent of the time, then sugar control is not optimal and the diabetes plan should be changed. Plasma Blood Glucose Goal Range Values by age (years) Before Meals Bedtime/overnight AICToddlers and preschoolers (under age 6) 100-180 mg/dl 110-200 mg/dl — 7.5 to 8.5 percent School age (6–12 years) 90-180 mg/dl 100-180 mg/dl — less than 8 percent Adolescents and young adults (13–19 years) 90-130 mg/dl 90-150 mg/dl — less than 7.5 percent Reviewed by health care specialists at UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital. This information is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or health care provider. We encourage you to discuss with your doctor any questions or concerns you may have. UCSF Clinics & Centers Madison Clinic for Pediatric Diabetes 1500 Owens St., Suite 300 San Francisco, CA 94158 Phone: (415) 514-6234 Fax: (415) 353-2811Condition Information Diabetes Read More Carbohydrates and Diabetes

D458554

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpaceShipTwo

SpaceShipTwo

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Space Ship Two Space Ship Two (central fuselage) carried under its mother ship, White Knight Two. Role Passenger spaceplane National origin United States Manufacturer Scaled Composites (1st aircraft) The Spaceship Company First flight 10 October 2010 (first glide flight) 29 April 2013 (first powered flight)Primary user Virgin Galactic Number built 2Developed from Scaled Composites Space Ship One The Scaled Composites Model 339 Space Ship Two ( SS2) is an air-launched suborbital spaceplane type designed for space tourism. It is manufactured by The Spaceship Company, a California -based company owned by Virgin Galactic. Space Ship Two is carried to its launch altitude by a Scaled Composites White Knight Two, before being released to fly on into the upper atmosphere powered by its rocket engine. It then glides back to Earth and performs a conventional runway landing. [1] The spaceship was officially unveiled to the public on 7 December 2009 at the Mojave Air and Space Port in California. [2] On 29 April 2013, after nearly three years of unpowered testing, the first one constructed successfully performed its first powered test flight. [3]Virgin Galactic plans to operate a fleet of five Space Ship Two spaceplanes in a private passenger-carrying service [4] [5] [6] [7] and has been taking bookings for some time, with a suborbital flight carrying an updated ticket price of US$250,000. [8] The spaceplane could also be used to carry scientific payloads for NASA and other organizations. [9]On 31 October 2014 during a test flight, VSS Enterprise, the first Space Ship Two craft, broke up in flight and crashed in the Mojave desert. [10] [11] [12] [13] A preliminary investigation suggested the feathering system, the craft's descent device, deployed too early. [14] [15] One pilot was killed; the other was treated for a serious shoulder injury after parachuting from the stricken spacecraft. [16] [17]The second Space Ship Two spacecraft, VSS Unity, was unveiled on 19 February 2016. [18] [19] The vehicle is undergoing flight testing. [20] [21] [22]Contents [ hide ]1 Design overview2 Fleet and launch sites2.1 Fleet history2.2 Launch sites2.3 Ships in class3 Development3.1 2007 test explosion3.2 Rocket engine3.2.1 Rocket Motor Two3.2.2 2014 Change of engine manufacturer and hybrid engine fuel3.2.3 2015: another fuel change3.3 Space Ship Two test flights3.3.1 Testing VSS Enterprise3.3.2 October 2014 crash3.3.3 VSS Unity3.4 Costs4 Commercial operation4.1 NASA s RLV program4.2 Future spacecraft5 Specifications6 See also7 References8 External links Design overview [ edit]The Space Ship Two project is based in part on technology developed for the first-generation Space Ship One, which was part of the Scaled Composites Tier One program, funded by Paul Allen. The Spaceship Company licenses this technology from Mojave Aerospace Ventures, a joint venture of Paul Allen and Burt Rutan, the designer of the predecessor technology. Space Ship Two is a low-aspect-ratio passenger spaceplane. Its capacity will be eight people — six passengers and two pilots. The apogee of the new craft will be approximately 110 km (68 mi) in the lower thermosphere, 10 km (6.2 mi) higher than the Kármán line which was Space Ship One's target, although the last flight of Space Ship One reached a one-time altitude of 112 km (70 mi). Space Ship Two will reach 4,200 km/h (2,600 mph), using a single hybrid rocket engine — the Rocket Motor Two. [23] It launches from its mother ship, White Knight Two, at an altitude of 15,000 metres (50,000 ft), and reaches supersonic speed within 8 seconds. After 70 seconds, the rocket engine cuts out and the spacecraft will coast to its peak altitude. Space Ship Two's crew cabin is 3.7 m (12 ft) long and 2.3 m (7.5 ft) in diameter. [24] The wing span is 8.2 m (27 ft), the length is 18 m (60 ft) and the tail height is 4.6 m (15 ft). [25]Space Ship Two uses a feathered reentry system, feasible due to the low speed of reentry. In contrast, orbital spacecraft re-enter at orbital speeds, closer to 25,000 km/h (16,000 mph), using heat shields. Space Ship Two is furthermore designed to re-enter the atmosphere at any angle. [26] It will decelerate through the atmosphere, switching to a gliding position at an altitude of 24 km (15 mi), and will take 25 minutes to glide back to the spaceport. Space Ship Two and White Knight Two are, respectively, roughly twice the size of the first-generation Space Ship One and mother ship White Knight, which won the Ansari X Prize in 2004. Space Ship Two has 43 and 33 cm (17 and 13 in) -diameter windows for the passengers' viewing pleasure, [25] and all seats will recline back during landing to decrease the discomfort of G-forces. [27] Reportedly, the craft can land safely even if a catastrophic failure occurs during flight. [28] In 2008, Burt Rutan remarked on the safety of the vehicle: This vehicle is designed to go into the atmosphere in the worst case straight in or upside down and it'll correct. This is designed to be at least as safe as the early airliners in the 1920s ... Don’t believe anyone that tells you that the safety will be the same as a modern airliner, which has been around for 70 years. [26]In September 2011, the safety of Space Ship Two's feathered reentry system was tested when the crew briefly lost control of the craft during a gliding test flight. Control was reestablished after the spaceplane entered its feathered configuration, and it landed safely after a 7-minute flight. [29]Fleet and launch sites [ edit]Fleet history [ edit]Space Ship Two (and the White Knight Two launcher aircraft) are built by The Spaceship Company, originally formed as a joint venture between Scaled Composites and Virgin Galactic. [30] Virgin Galactic bought out Scaled Composites' interest in TSC in 2012, and TSC is now a wholly owned subsidiary of Virgin Galactic. [31]The launch customer of Space Ship Two is Virgin Galactic, who have ordered five vehicles. [32] [33] The first SS2 was named VSS Enterprise. [34] The "VSS" prefix stands for "Virgin Space Ship". As of November 2014, only VSS Enterprise has been flown; [35] it was destroyed in a crash on 31 October 2014. [10] [36] [37] The build of VSS Unity is about 65 percent complete as of early November 2014, and Virgin Galactic expected it to be complete in 2015; it was unveiled in February, 2016. [38] The third Space Ship Two is expected to commence construction by the end of 2015. [39] [21]Launch sites [ edit]Space Ship Two is launched from the White Knight Two launcher aircraft, which takes off from the Mojave Air and Space Port in California during testing. Spaceport America (formerly Southwest Regional Spaceport), a US$212 million spaceport in New Mexico, partly funded by the state government, [40] will become the permanent launch site when commercial launches begin. [24]Ships in class [ edit]Ship Tail Number First unpowered flight First powered flight Last flight Status VSS Enterprise N339SS 10 October 2010 29 April 2013 31 October 2014Destroyed [10] [36] [37]VSS Unity N202VG 3 December 2016 [20]5 April 2018 Undergoing flight testing Serial Number Three Construction planned [39]Serial Number Four Construction planned [41]Development [ edit]On 28 September 2006, Virgin Group founder Sir Richard Branson unveiled a mock-up of the Space Ship Two passenger cabin at the Next Fest exposition at the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center in New York. [42] The design of the vehicle was revealed to the press in January 2008, with the statement that the vehicle itself was around 60% complete. [24] On 7 December 2009, the official unveiling and rollout of Space Ship Two took place. The event involved the first Space Ship Two being christened by then- Governor of California Arnold Schwarzenegger as the VSS Enterprise. [43]2007 test explosion [ edit]On 26 July 2007, an explosion occurred during an oxidizer flow test at the Mojave Air and Space Port, where early-stage tests were being conducted on Space Ship Two's systems. The oxidizer test included filling the oxidizer tank with 4,500 kilograms (10,000 lb) of nitrous oxide, followed by a 15-second cold-flow injector test. Although the tests did not ignite the gas, three employees were killed and three injured by flying shrapnel. [44]Rocket engine [ edit]The hybrid rocket engine design for Space Ship Two has been problematic and caused extensive delays to the flight test program. The original rocket engine design was based on hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) fuel and nitrous oxide oxidizer, sometimes referred to as an N 2O / HTPB engine. [45] [46] It was developed by Scaled Composites subcontractor Sierra Nevada Corporation (SNC) from 2009 to early 2014. In May 2014, Virgin Galactic announced a change to the hybrid engine to be used in Space Ship Two, and took the development effort in-house to Virgin Galactic, terminating the contract with Sierra Nevada and halting all development work on the first-generation rocket engine. [47] Virgin then modified the engine design to include a change of the hybrid rocket fuel from a HTPB to a polyamide fuel formulation. In October 2015, Virgin announced that it was considering changing back to the original HTPB fuel. [48]Rocket Motor Two [ edit]Main article: Rocket Motor Two Between 2005 and 2009, Scaled Composites conducted numerous small-scale rocket tests to evaluate Space Ship Two's engine design. After settling on the Rocket Motor Two hybrid rocket design to be developed by Sierra Nevada, the company began performing full-scale hot-fire rocket tests in April 2009. [49] By December 2012, 15 full-scale tests had been successfully conducted, [49] [50] and additional ground tests continued into March 2013. [51] In June 2012, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) issued a rocket testing permit to Scaled Composites, allowing it to begin SS2 test flights powered by Rocket Motor Two; [52] the first such powered flight took place on 29 April 2013. [53] The Sierra Nevada HTPB-based Rocket Motor Two design generated 270 k N (60,000 lbf) of thrust. [54]2014 Change of engine manufacturer and hybrid engine fuel [ edit]In May 2014, Virgin Galactic took over engine development from Sierra Nevada [47] and announced a change to the fuel to be used in the Space Ship Two hybrid rocket engine. Rather than the rubber-based HTPB-fuel engine—engines that had experienced serious engine stability issues on firings longer than approximately 20 seconds—the engine would now be based on a solid fuel composed of a type of plastic called thermoplastic polyamide. The plastic fuel was projected to have better performance (by several unspecified measures) and was projected to allow Space Ship Two to make flights to a higher altitude. [55] [56] [57]As of May 2014 when the version 2 engine by Virgin Galactic was publicly announced, the engine had already completed full-duration burns of over 60 seconds in ground tests on an engine test stand. [56] The second-generation engine design also required the modification to the SS2 airframe to fit additional tanks in the wings of Space Ship Two—one holding methane and the other containing helium —in order to ensure a proper burn and shut-down of the new engine. [58] Additional ground tests were performed of the new engine between May and October 2014.2015: another fuel change [ edit]Following a series of rocket engine tests, Virgin announced in October 2015 that they would be changing the rocket motor back to hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), with a similar formulation as they used earlier in the development program before switching to a nylon-based fuel grain. They will use HTPB to power the Space Ship Two when it resumes flight following the loss of the initial SS2 test vehicle in October 2014. Full qualification tests remain to be completed. [59]Space Ship Two test flights [ edit]Main articles: VSS Enterprise § Flight test program, and VSS Unity § Test flight program Space Ship Two in a captive flight configuration underneath White Knight Two, during the runway dedication of Spaceport America in October 2010. VMS Eve is shown carrying VSS Enterprise. A view of the firing of Space Ship Two's rocket engines during its first powered flight in April 2013. As of October 2014, Space Ship Two had conducted 54 test flights. [60] The spacecraft has used its "feathered" wing configuration during ten of these test flights. [60] [61] [62]Testing VSS Enterprise [ edit]In September 2012, Virgin Galactic announced that the unpowered subsonic glide flight test program was essentially complete. [63] In October 2012, Scaled Composites installed key components of the rocket engine, and Space Ship Two performed its first glide flight with the engine installed in December 2012. [64] [65]The spacecraft's first powered test flight took place on 29 April 2013. Spaceship Two reached supersonic speeds in this first powered flight. [66] [67] On 5 September 2013, the second powered flight was made by Space Ship Two. [68] The first powered test flight of 2014—and third overall—occurred 10 January 2014. The spacecraft reached an altitude of 22,000 metres (71,000 ft) (the highest to date) and a speed of Mach 1.4 (1,491.5 km/h; 926.8 mph). The White Knight Two carrier aircraft released Space Ship Two (VSS Enterprise) at an altitude of 14,000 metres (46,000 ft). [69]October 2014 crash [ edit]Main article: VSS Enterprise crash NTSB Go-Team inspects a tail section of VSS Enterprise On October 31, 2014, Space Ship Two VSS Enterprise suffered an in-flight breakup during a powered flight test, [70] [71] resulting in a crash killing one pilot and injuring the other. [10] [17] It was coincidentally the first flight to use the new type of fuel, based on nylon plastic grains. [72] [73] The crash is believed to have involved a premature deployment of the feathering mechanism, which is normally used to aid in a safe descent. Space Ship Two was still in powered ascent when the feathering mechanism deployed. Disintegration was observed two seconds later. [71]The National Transportation Safety Board conducted an independent investigation into the accident. In July 2015, the NTSB released a report which cited inadequate design safeguards, poor pilot training, lack of rigorous federal oversight and a potentially anxious co-pilot without recent flight experience as important factors in the 2014 crash. [74] [75] While the co-pilot was faulted for prematurely deploying the ship's feathering mechanism, the ship's designers were also faulted for not creating a fail-safe system that could have guarded against such premature deployment. [75]VSS Unity [ edit]In October 2015 it was reported that the second Space Ship Two would make its first flight in 2016. [76] VSS Unity was unveiled in February 2016. A phase of testing called " Integrated Vehicle Ground Testing " began on VSS Unity in February 2016. [21]Between 8 September and 30 November 2016, Virgin Galactic conducted a series of captive-carry flights of Unity, including planned glide flights (1 and 3 November) for which the glide portion of the flight was cancelled because of wind speed. [77] [78] [79] [80] Glide flights of Unity began on 3 December 2016. [81] [82] [83] [84]After several glide flights over the preceding months, in July, 2017, Richard Branson suggested that the craft was to begin powered tests at three-week intervals. [85] In September, 2017, CEO George Whitesides suggested that engine testing was complete, and that only a "small number of glide flights" remained before VSS Unity would begin powered tests flights. [86] In October, 2017, Branson suggested that Space Ship Two could reach space within three months, and that he could travel to space aboard a Space Ship Two within six months. [87] [88] A seventh high speed glide test was completed in January 2018. [ citation needed]Costs [ edit]Space Ship Two's total development costs were estimated at around $400 million in May 2011, a significant increase over the 2007 estimate of $108 million. [89]Commercial operation [ edit]The duration of the flights will be approximately 2.5 hours, though only a few minutes of that will be in space. The price will initially be $200,000. [90] More than 65,000 would-be space tourists applied for the first batch of 100 tickets. By December 2007, Virgin Galactic had 200 paid-up customers on its books for the early flights, and 95% were passing the 6-8 g centrifuge tests. [91] By the start of 2011, that number had increased to over 400 paid customers, [92] and to 575 by early 2013. [93] In April 2013, Virgin Galactic announced that the price for a seat would increase 25 percent to $250,000 before the middle of May 2013, [93] and would remain at $250,000 "until the first 1,000 people have traveled, so that it matches up with inflation since [Virgin Galactic] started." [94]Following 50–100 test flights, the first paying customers were expected to fly aboard the craft in 2014. [4] Refining the projected schedule in late 2009, Virgin Galactic declined to announce a firm timetable for commercial flights, but did reiterate that initial flights would take place from Spaceport America. Operational roll-out will be based on a "safety-driven schedule". [95] In addition to making suborbital passenger launches, Virgin Galactic will market Space Ship Two for suborbital space science missions. [95]NASA s RLV program [ edit]By March 2011, Virgin Galactic had submitted Space Ship Two as a reusable launch vehicle for carrying research payloads in response to NASA 's suborbital reusable launch vehicle (s RLV) solicitation, which is a part of the agency's Flight Opportunities Program. Virgin projects research flights with a peak altitude of 110 km (68 mi). These flights will provide approximately four minutes of microgravity for research payloads. Payload mass and microgravity levels have not yet been specified. [1] The NASA research flights could begin during the test flight certification program for Space Ship Two. [ citation needed]Future spacecraft [ edit]In August 2005, the president of Virgin Galactic stated that if the suborbital service with Space Ship Two is successful, the follow-up Space Ship Three will be an orbital craft. In 2008, Virgin Galactic changed their plans and decided to make it a high-speed passenger vehicle, offering transport through point-to-point suborbital spaceflight. [96]Specifications [ edit]Sources: [97] [98]General characteristics Crew: 2Capacity: 6 passengers Length: 18.3 m (60 ft)Wingspan: 8.3 m (27 ft)Height: 5.5 m (18 ft – rudders down)Loaded weight: 9,740 kg (21,428 lb)Powerplant: 1 × Rocket Motor Two liquid/solid hybrid rocket engine Performance Maximum speed: 4,000 km/h (2,500 mph)Service ceiling: 110,000 m (361,000 ft)See also [ edit]2010s portal Aviation portal Spaceflight portal Technology portal Airbus Space and Defence Space Plane Blue Origin New Shepard Space X Dragon Dream Chaser List of human spaceflights North American X-15Orion (spacecraft)Private spaceflight Space Ship One Space Shuttle program Space XReferences [ edit]^ a b "s RLV platforms compared". NASA. 7 March 2011. Retrieved 10 March 2011. Space Ship Two: Type: HTHL/Piloted^ Amos, Jonathan (8 December 2009). "Richard Branson unveils Virgin Galactic spaceplane". BBC News. Retrieved 23 March 2010.^ "Sir Richard Branson's Virgin Galactic spaceship ignites engine in flight". BBC. 29 April 2013. Retrieved 29 April 2013.^ a b "Space Ship Completes 24th Test Flight in Mojave". Hispanic Business.com. 4 April 2013. Archived from the original on 30 December 2013. Retrieved 5 April 2013.^ "Virgin Galactic to Launch Passengers on Private Spaceship in 2013". Space.com. 8 June 2012. Retrieved 11 June 2012.^ "Virgin Galactic space tourism could begin in 2013". BBC. 26 October 2011.^ John Schwartz (23 January 2008). "New Tourist Spacecraft Unveiled". New York Times. Retrieved 23 January 2008.^ Fly With Us. Virgin Galactic. Retrieved 5 November 2015.^ "Virgin spaceship aims to be science lab". BBC. 4 December 2012. Retrieved 4 December 2012.^ a b c d Chang, Kenneth; Schwartz, John (31 October 2014). 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