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D3497880

https://www.hrc.army.mil/TAGD/Social%20Security%20Administration%20Lump%20Sum%20Payment

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The Adjutant General Directorate (TAGD)March 26, 2018Rate This Page: Not Rated Add to My Links Social Security Administration Lump Sum Payment The Social Security Administration pays a lump sum death payment, up to $255, to the surviving spouse living with the member at the time of death Benefits outlined on this page are dependent on the status of the decedent. Please select the appropriate category from this list: Active Duty - Retiree - Veteran Active Duty The Social Security Administration pays a lump sum death payment, up to $255, to the surviving spouse living with the member at the time of death. Separation because of military service, is considered living together. If there is no surviving spouse, it is paid to the oldest child who was eligible for or entitled to Social Security benefits for the month of death, based upon the deceased member's earnings. To receive this benefit, eligible survivors must make application through the nearest Social Security office. Retiree The Social Security Administration pays a lump sum death payment, up to $255, to the surviving spouse living with the member at the time of death. If there is no surviving spouse, it is paid to the oldest child who was eligible for or entitled to Social Security benefits for the month of death, based upon the deceased member's earnings. No other survivors are entitled to this benefit. To receive this benefit, eligible survivors must make application through the nearest Social Security office. They will explain the benefit, determine your eligibility, the amount that can be paid, and help you complete the required claim forms. Veteran Benefits for Veterans are administered by the Department of Veterans Affairs (DVA). Visit their site e Benefits for details. e Benefits is your one-stop shop for online benefits-related tools and information. This portal is designed for Wounded Warriors, Veterans, Servicemembers, their families, and their caregivers. We invite you to explore e Benefits and become a registered user. For additional information about DVA, visit their home page. To find a location or contact DVA, visit their support page.

D2318159

https://www.reliaslearning.com/

Combining Expertise, Technology, and Data for

Combining Expertise, Technology, and Data for Better Outcomes. a More Engaged Workforce. Stronger Financial Results. Improved Performance. Clearer Insights. Empowering Healthcare Organizations to Navigate Today’s Landscape Reduce Unnecessary C-Sections Learn More State of Staff Development & Training Get the Report Improve the Quality and Cost-Effectiveness of Nurse Onboarding Get Started Drive Performance Improvement with Targeted Learning Learn More Revolutionize Your Training with Mobile Delivery Learn How Reduce Clinical Variation in Hospital Systems Tell Me How We Offer Solutions to Fit the Challenges You Face Employee Retention Hire the right people for the right roles, onboard them efficiently and effectively, and drive satisfaction throughout employment. Risk Mitigation Identify high-risk, high-cost services before they occur, promote evidence-based care, improve care coordination and transition, and expedite healthcare improvement. Reimbursements Understand where reimbursement dollars are at risk, maximize reimbursements, and improve the patient experience. Performance Management Assess clinical proficiency, identify knowledge gaps, and deliver targeted training to boost performance and sustain competency over time. Your Success Is Our Success Our clients inspire us to work harder and it shows. Hear their success stories. "Rather than feeling limited by a system, I’ve felt pushed to create better training because the system is so robust and so flexible. "Peter Wright, Re Med30M+course completions per year7,000+clients around the world14.5M+CE hours taken in 2016See Success Stories

D2710650

https://www.loc.gov/item/id0345/

Photo, Print, DrawingClarkia Ranger Station, Cottage No. 2, West of Highway 3, .5 mile north of Clarkia, Clarkia, Shoshone County, ID

Photo, Print, Drawing Clarkia Ranger Station, Cottage No. 2, West of Highway 3, .5 mile north of Clarkia, Clarkia, Shoshone County, IDEnlarge View 4 images in sequence. [ Photos from Survey HABS ID-120-B ]Download: Go More Resources [ Data Pages from Survey HABS ID-120-B ]Download: Go [ Photo Captions from Survey HABS ID-120-B ]Download: Go About this Item Title Clarkia Ranger Station, Cottage No. 2, West of Highway 3, .5 mile north of Clarkia, Clarkia, Shoshone County, IDContributor Names Historic American Buildings Survey, creator Created / Published Documentation compiled after 1933Subject Headings- cottages- ranger stations- Idaho -- Shoshone County -- Clarkia Notes- Significance: The cottage is part of the Clarkia Ranger Station which is considered eligible to the National Register of Historic Places under criterion a, due to its association with the Forest Service a leading conservation agency in the region. The layout of the station and design of the buildings is typical of district headquarters, which were newly established during the late 1930s and early 1940s. Most of the major buildings were designed according to a common architectural theme, which is seen at other similar properties on different forests throughout the region. The historical buildings present may be considered eligible under National Register criterion c, since they are representative of a standard style of building construction used at semi-rural properties during the 1940s period. The use of wood frame buildings with finishing materials which give a rustic appearance, is typical of this period.- Survey number: HABS ID-120-BMedium Photo (s): 4Data Page (s): 10Photo Caption Page (s): 1Call Number/Physical Location HABS ID,40-CLARK. V,1B-Source Collection Historic American Buildings Survey (Library of Congress)Repository Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D. C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print Control Numberid0345Rights Advisory No known restrictions on images made by the U. S. Government; images copied from other sources may be restricted. http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/res/114_habs.html Online Formatimagepdf Description Photo (s): 4 | Data Page (s): 10 | Photo Caption Page (s): 1Part of... Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record/Historic American Landscapes Survey (43,984)American Memory (492,795)Prints and Photographs Division (853,007)Format Photo, Print, Drawing Contributors Historic American Buildings Survey Location Clarkia Idaho Shoshone County Language English Subjects Cottages Ranger Stations Rights & Access Cite This Item More Photos, Prints, Drawings like this Photo, Print, Drawing Clarkia Ranger Station, Cottage No. 1, West of Highway 3, .5 mile north of Clarkia, Clarkia, ... Photo, Print, Drawing Clarkia Ranger Station, Cottage No. 3, West of Highway 3, .5 mile north of Clarkia, Clarkia, ... Photo, Print, Drawing Avery Ranger Station, Saint Joe National Forest, Avery, Shoshone County, IDPhoto, Print, Drawing Red River Ranger Station, Office, Elk City, Idaho County, IDPhoto, Print, Drawing Red River Ranger Station, Cookhouse, Elk City, Idaho County, IDYou might also like Map Map of Shoshone County, Idaho Map Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Burke, Shoshone County, Idaho. Map Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Gem, Shoshone County, Idaho. Map Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Gem, Shoshone County, Idaho. Map Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Mullan, Shoshone County, Idaho.

D178657

http://www.livestrong.com/article/255507-what-is-a-serving-size-in-grams-of-protein/

What Is a Serving Size of Meat in Grams of Protein?

What Is a Serving Size of Meat in Grams of Protein?by KATHRYN VERA Oct. 03, 2017Making healthy food choices is crucial for maintaining optimal health and preventing acute and chronic disease. To ensure adequate yet not excessive protein intake, it's key to be familiar with serving sizes. In fact, one 3-ounce serving of meat is equal to approximately 21 grams of protein. Video of the Day Error loading player: Flash plugin failed to load Protein Recommendations Protein serves as a building block for the creation of muscle, bone, skin and hair, and it performs many other important functions in the body. Depending on your health status and physical activity level, your protein requirements may vary -- however, most people need about 0.8 gram of protein per kilogram of body weight each day. A man who weighs 150 pounds, or 68 kilograms, would be advised to consume 55 grams of protein each day to meet his body's normal demands. Serving Size in Ounces A 2- to 3-ounce portion of cooked meat, chicken or fish -- all of which are protein-rich foods -- is the equivalent of one serving, reports the American Heart Association. Using everyday products as comparison tools can be an effective way to keep serving sizes in check. According to Breast Cancer.org, a deck of cards represents a 3-ounce serving of meat or poultry. Similarly, a checkbook is a good representation of a three-ounce portion of fish. Grams of Protein Per Serving Each ounce of cooked meat provides around 7 grams of protein, notes Taste of Home. If you ate a 3-ounce serving of chicken for lunch, then, you could expect to consume around 21 grams of protein from this food. Many restaurants serve larger portions of meat, so you would need to multiply the number of ounces times 7 to calculate the grams of protein. For instance, an 8-ounce steak would contain 56 grams of protein. Making Healthy Choices To incorporate protein-rich meat into your diet in a healthy way, choose skinless poultry and red meat that features only limited amounts of visible fat. Fish, which is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, is another healthy protein choice and should be incorporated into a balanced diet at least twice per week. Beans, peas, nuts and soy-based products are also rich in protein and are a great choice for vegetarians, vegans and people with limited access to meat. Lose Weight. Feel Great!Change your life with My Plate by LIVE STRONG . COMGOALGENDER AGEWEIGHT HEIGHTGET MY CALORIE GOALYOU MIGHT ALSO LIKEIs Duck Healthy to Eat? How to Cook Whole Catfish in the Oven How to Cook a Filet Wrapped in Bacon in the Oven Protein Intake for Kids Facts on the Health Benefits of Turkey High Protein Foods to Eat After Gastric Bypass Surgery How to Cook Pre-Smoked Turkey Drumsticks in the Oven Is Eating 100 Grams of Protein a Day Good? How to Cook Silverside Meat in a Slow Cooker How Much Protein is in Pork? How Many Calories Are in 1 oz of Meat & Poultry? Healthy Meat Alternative to Short Ribs What's Really Inside Mc Donald's Chicken Mc Nuggets? A List of Fat-Free Foods How to Know If Pork Has Gone Bad What Foods Would Give 30 Grams of Protein? How to Cook Bluegill on the Grill USDA Serving Size Requirements for Meat Why Does Greek Yogurt Have More Protein Than Regular? Nuts and Seeds With High Protein

D2782118

https://ph.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070424103734AAS4JOe

Why do hospitals drug test newborns?

Pregnancy & Parenting Newborn & Baby Why do hospitals drug test newborns?a friend of mine's cousin just had her baby taken away by cps. as far as i know, the baby tested positive for marijuana. my cousin just had a baby at the same hospital. i know for a fact that the baby would've tested positive for marijuana, but no tests were performed. she also had prior problems with cps.... show more Update: i do not smoke marijuana. that is not why i'm concerned. i would just like to know what my children are being tested for b/c i am a concerned mommy. so, please do not harrass me about that. i just asked a question and would like some answers.1 following 16 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: If there is a question of maternal drug use (informant, or baby exhibits signs) the hospital is well within its rights and is required by law to test and report to CPS. Its for the protection of the child. I'm happy to hear this was done. Too many kids slip through the cracks and get sent home with druggie parents. Rest easy. Your children will not be subjected to tests other than the normal barrage of new infant testing. That is unless of course, they suspect drug use (which you stated you don't use, so that shouldn't be a problem). If additional testing is needed for any suspected problems, you or your spouse will be asked for consent. Be happy they test babies for things that may otherwise go unnoticed. Best of luck. Source (s): Mommy of twins #3 otwduckygrl21 · 1 decade ago0 2 Comment Asker's rating I'm not sure about TX specifically, but it is my understanding that they can test for whatever they want. However, if they do find drugs or something like that, they can't use that information against the parent without first having gotten the consent of the parent. I'm not sure if they always test for drugs or not, I've not done any in quite some time, so I really couldn't tell ya. I would recommend looking into the child laws and drug laws of TX. See what is legal and what is not. You also might want to check out what your privacy rights are when getting medical tests done. Usually a hospital will have you sign a waver when you get there that says they have the legal right to perform any tests necessary. Its all doc discretion as to what is necessary and what is not. It's definitely worth looking into.lupinesidhe · 1 decade ago2 0 Comment Here's the way I understood it, at Fort Sanders in Tennessee (and I don't know if it's different from state to state, probably is, or if it's up to hospital policy). Every pregnant woman who goes to a OB-GYN for the first time is drug tested as part of the new patient process. (I moved in the middle of my pregnancy from Kentucky to TN. The OB-Gyn's in both states tested me). If you test positive, they 'flag' your chart and then they test your newborn later (this is what one of the nurses told one of the pregnant women in the fetal non-stress test room; we were all in there together on recliners). They can't do anything to a woman taking drugs during pregnancy because the law says the fetus has no rights until it is born, then it's a person. And I think some hospitals test all newborns; they just run a test on the blood they get from the umbilical cord. With all the false positives that can occur, I would say that most babies are tested. If you know someone who smokes marijuana and is pregnant, tell her to stop at least a month before she gives birth. And I wouldn't be around someone who smokes it either, for at least a month. Oh, and I also completely REFUSED the AFP test during my pregnancy in Ky; got my medical records after I moved (had to have them for new OB-GYN) and found out that they tested me anyway. It was on my chart, AFP negative. They just didn't give me the results. Kaliee · 1 decade ago1 0 Comment I would check out the laws for your state. I don't believe they drug test every baby just ones that either the mother has had previous record of drug use or is suspected of drug use. Also they probably do a drug test on babies that are born that exhibit unusual behavior like withdrawal symptoms. I think they maybe able to test without consent if they believe the baby is in real danger. Come on a drug addicted mother who knows her baby is going to test positive is not going to consent to her baby being drug tested. Unless you are doing drugs while pregnant I wouldn't worry about it much. Anonymous · 1 decade ago0 1 Comment In Canada it is not legal to preform medical testing without the parent's concent or a court order. Some states allow doctors to preform drug tests on newborns at their discretion. You would have to speak to a local lawyer about local law. Edited to add: Just because you do not use illegal drugs does not mean that you or your child will not test positive for illegal drugs. There are lab errors, and sometimes a perfectly legal drug will test as something else on a quick and dirty drug test. Not to mention urine tests in particular are prone to error (I am sure they don't use those for infants but you never know). Eating poppy seeds can make a urine test positive for an unreal amount of time.mystic_eye_cda · 1 decade ago3 0 Comment I believe this happens depending on what type of insurance the mother is on. I know in my case, they test me often as well as make me go to parenting classes. Since it's my first pregnancy and I am under the age of 25, they have informed me they might perform a drug test on my newborn if they suspect something.o Oo La Lai Tz Sina · 1 decade ago2 0 Comment Only if the child shows withdrawal or they suspect the mother is an abuser of a substance {drug or alcohol} as far as testing you do not have to give consent for EVERY test to be done on your child. Also your tested as a new OB patient when pregnant part of all that blood work. And if you dont want your child drug tested what are you hiding? The tests are for the babies well being you do give consent for shots thoughtexas_angel_wattitude · 1 decade ago0 3 Commenthospital manditory drug tests newborns Keri · 2 years ago0 0 Comment Depends on the state, the test can be random. Meaning, they'll randomly test a few babies. (or if someone called cps to warn them I suppose).mom_of_ndm · 1 decade ago1 0 Comment I don't really know the answer to this question but I would say that the doctor might have known something about her being on drugs is why they tested the infant. As far as I know mine wasn't tested but I have nothing to worry about and if you aren't on drugs you shouldn't be worried about it either.. So, if you are taking drugs.... you should have your infant taken away from you... But if not... then you shouldn't be worried if they drug test your infant...felicialuvsbilly · 1 decade ago1 2 Comment1 2 next Maybe you would like to learn more about one of these? Consolidate Your Student Loans Find the best luxury cars Considering an online college? Portfolio Management Options

D823075

https://www.realsimple.com/beauty-fashion/skincare/skincare-face/causes-dark-circles-under-eyes

What Causes Dark Circles Under Your Eyes?

Ryan Pfluger Your plan of attack depends on the color of your circles. Look straight into a mirror in natural light, then lower your chin slightly to expose the shadows under your eyes. This way, you’ll see clearly whether your circles are more blue or more brown. Blue Circles The cause: Blue circles result from oxygenated blood pooled beneath the under-eye skin. Skin here is very thin and almost transparent, so blood shows through. This is more noticeable in the morning: When we’ve been horizontal for a while, fluids accumulate and the veins expand to hold more blood. Blue circles may get worse with age. “As we get older, we lose subcutaneous fat, which can mask blueness below the surface of the skin,” says dermatologist Joshua Zeichner, the director of cosmetic and clinical research at Mount Sinai Medical Center, in New York City. OTC treatments: There are a few options that work in different ways, though their effects last only a day at most. Topical creams with stimulating ingredients, like caffeine, can constrict blood vessels and temporarily boost circulation; potent hydrators, such as hyaluronic acid, plump the area, pushing the skin up and away from the pooled blood. Retinoic acid creams thicken the outer layer of the skin to conceal shadows. Another quick fix: products with stainless-steel rollerball-tip applicators. “The cool metal causes vessels to constrict,” says New York City dermatologist Eric Schweiger. To try: Philosophy Miracle Worker Eye Repair, which contains a high-performance retinoid; $65, philosophy.com. Lancôme Génifique Eye Light-Pearl has a metallic applicator; $68, lancome-usa.com. La Roche-Posay Hydraphase Intense Eyes uses firming caffeine and moisturizinghyaluronic acid; $33 at drugstores. Professional treatments: A few other treatments approved by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration for use on the rest of the face can effectively treat under-eye circles. One noninvasive solution is a cream with a prescription-strength retinoid. Blue circles can also be significantly diminished by a treatment called Thermage, which involves a high-tech handheld radio-frequency device. It is nonsurgical, requires no downtime, and is thought to increase the production of collagen, which builds up and tightens the skin. One session costs about $1,000, and the results last three to five years. Zeichner treats dark circles by injecting a hyaluronic acid filler, such as Juvéderm or Restylane, to plump the skin and hide blueness; the injections can last a year or longer and cost $700 to $900 a pop. Brown Circles The cause: Brown circles result from hyperpigmentation, triggered by chronic eye-rubbing, sun exposure, or genetics. They are most prevalent among Asian and African American skin tones. OTC treatments: Your best bet is daily use of a cream or serum spiked with a skin brightener, like soy or citrus, which can lighten circles over a period of four to six weeks. Avoid hydroquinone, a go-to lightener for sun spots and scars, as most dermatologists agree that it’s too heavy-duty for the eye area. To try: Murad Renewing Eye Cream brightens with citrus-unshiu peel; $75, murad.com. Professional treatments: As with blue circles, there are treatments dermatologists use elsewhere on the face that can also lessen the look of brown circles. They respond well to low-concentration TCA (trichloroacetic acid) peels, which exfoliate. Plan on spending about $100 a treatment, and you may need several over a couple of months. For enhanced results, there are lasers, like the Q-switched or Fraxel, which destroy pigment cells and even out skin tone with a beam of light energy. Most circles lighten after two or three $500 sessions. Preventive Measures Reason No. 734 to wear sunscreen: It will keep circles from returning after treatment and can also stop them from developing in the first place. Sun protection prevents skin from both thinning prematurely (exposing blueness) and tanning (getting browner).

D3505594

https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20071112143343AAG9wbU

Who sings this Contemporary Christian song?

Entertainment & Music Music Other - Music Who sings this Contemporary Christian song? It goes "thy kingdom come thy will be done thy kingdom come thy will be done" and the next part is "on earth as it is in heaven on earth as it is in heaven on earth as it is in heaven. The last part is "show us your glory show us your glory show us your glory" and so forth. I heard this on... show more Update: Thanks Ouija for answering. That wasn't the song but i'll keep looking. It sounds like a chorus like something that is said over and over a few times and the next line over and over a few times. Hope that gives a little more detail on how the song goes. Follow 1 answer Answers Best Answer: Sister Janet Mead re-recorded The Lord's Prayer for an album in '99, could this be who you're thinking of? If not, see the leoslyrics.com link for songs containing the phrase 'thy kingdom come thy will be done', and you can refine that search if you'd care to. Hope this helps! :)Source (s):http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lord%27...http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lord%27...http://www.leoslyrics.com/lyricsearch.ph... Ouija · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment Maybe you would like to learn more about one of these? Need a Small Business Loan? Looking for a psychic reading? Looking for a new chandelier? Online education an option?

D269861

http://censusviewer.com/city/NY/Peekskill

Peekskill, New York Population: Census 2010 and 2000 Interactive Map, Demographics, Statistics, Quick Facts

Peekskill, New York Population: Census 2010 and 2000 Interactive Map, Demographics, Statistics, Quick Facts Compare population statistics about Peekskill, NY by race, age, gender, Latino/Hispanic origin etc. Census Viewer delivers detailed demographics and population statistics from the 2010 Census, 2000 Census, American Community Survey (ACS), registered voter files, commercial data sources and more. Experience breakthrough technology for census data discovery, population analysis and visualization over Bing Maps. Visually "fly over" a state, viewing in great detail the census blocks, census tracts, cities, counties and various political districts in your selection or "zoom down" to the street level to get demographic statistics and information about the population in an individual census block or census tract. Click on any map link to see our blazing-fast data visualization over Bing Maps in action. Read more about the unprecedented demographic insight and analytical power of Census Viewer interactive maps. Census Viewer maps, data and statistics pages for all states, counties and cities. Peekskill, New York - Overview 2010 Census 2000 Census 2000-2010 Change Counts Percentages Counts Percentages Change Percentages Total Population 23,583 100.00% 22,446 100.00% 1,137 5.07%Population by Race American Indian and Alaska native alone 132 0.56% 95 0.42% 37 38.95%Asian alone 716 3.04% 535 2.38% 181 33.83%Black or African American alone 5,576 23.64% 5,732 25.54% -156 -2.72%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific native alone 18 0.08% 13 0.06% 5 38.46%Some other race alone 3,674 15.58% 2,206 9.83% 1,468 66.55%Two or more races 1,368 5.80% 1,041 4.64% 327 31.41%White alone 12,099 51.30% 12,824 57.13% -725 -5.65%Population by Hispanic or Latino Origin (of any race)Persons Not of Hispanic or Latino Origin 14,870 63.05% 17,526 78.08% -2,656 -15.15%Persons of Hispanic or Latino Origin 8,713 36.95% 4,920 21.92% 3,793 77.09%Population by Gender Female 12,056 51.12% 11,557 51.49% 499 4.32%Male 11,527 48.88% 10,889 48.51% 638 5.86%Population by Age Persons 0 to 4 years 1,668 7.07% 1,706 7.60% -38 -2.23%Persons 5 to 17 years 3,625 15.37% 3,765 16.77% -140 -3.72%Persons 18 to 64 years 15,504 65.74% 14,389 64.10% 1,115 7.75%Persons 65 years and over 2,786 11.81% 2,586 11.52% 200 7.73%

D429877

http://www.nato.int/docu/review/2005/issue2/english/history.html

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Germany's accession to NATO: 50 years on Helga Haftendorn analyses the debates and events surrounding Germany's accession to NATO 50 years ago. History in the making: On 23 October 1954 the North Atlantic Council invited Germany to join the Alliance (© NATO)West Germany's accession to NATO 50 years ago on 6 May 1955 took place against the backdrop of both East-West conflict and the project of European integration. The second round of NATO enlargement, by which the Federal Republic became the Alliance's15th member, was an important step in the country's post-war rehabilitation and paved the way for Germany to play a substantial role in the defence of Western Europe during the Cold War. Both NATO and the German Federal Republic were created in 1949. When signed in April 1949, the Washington Treaty was a traditional alliance agreement in which the 12 NATO Allies promised to take adequate measures in the event of attack against any member by an external enemy. At the time, it lacked a political structure, a joint command and military forces earmarked for Alliance defence. The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation itself, that is the structures underpinning the Treaty, only came into being after the outbreak of the Korean War in June 1950 when the threat of attack by Soviet forces in Central Europe appeared imminent. Like NATO, the Federal Republic was a child of the Cold War. The establishment of two states on German soil was a result of the inability of the Four Powers - France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States - to administer Germany jointly as had been agreed at the 1945 Potsdam Conference. The Berlin Blockade of 1948 and 1949 was but a foretaste of conflict to come and the Korean War confirmed the most pessimistic views about Soviet intentions. In 1949, any thinking aloud about German membership of NATO risked generating so negative a reaction as to be self-defeating. Nevertheless, in both Washington and Bonn such thoughts were harboured. The United States wanted to use German manpower to reinforce the modest military presence left behind in Germany for occupation duty after the bulk of wartime forces had been withdrawn and demobilised. But even cautious US suggestions to consider a German military contribution met strong French resistance. Less than five years after the end of the Second World War, no one in France could envisage German rearmament. In Bonn, Chancellor Konrad Adenauer had no illusions about the aggressive design of Soviet communism and the extent of the military threat. He was concerned that the 30-plus Soviet divisions deployed east of the iron curtain were superior to the armies of the West in terms of both manpower and equipment. He urged the occupying powers to increase their forces and to extend a security guarantee to include the Federal Republic. He also asked his military advisers to draw up various concepts for German defence. This included both the invigoration of police forces and the creation of German military units to be integrated into a European army. Though the Three Western Powers agreed with Adenauer's analysis of the Soviet threat and saw the need for German armed forces, they did not dare to say so publicly. When the situation in Korea deteriorated and the likelihood of a Soviet attack on the West increased, the North Atlantic Council decided to turn the Atlantic Alliance into an integrated defence organisation and to establish common military structures and forces to which the Federal Republic was expected to contribute. As a first step, the Allied High Commissioners representing the Three Western Powers in Germany were asked to consult with the Federal Republic and work for the establishment of German combat units. The NATO members also expressed interest in a French proposal for a common European army but recognised that realising such an ambitious project would take time. Options for German rearmament While the US military - as well as their German colleagues - preferred to see Germany join NATO, both former UK Prime Minister Winston Churchill in a speech at Strasbourg and French Prime Minister Ren� Pleven urged the creation of a European army. Along the model of the European Coal and Steel Community that had been agreed in 1951 between Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands, a European Defence Community (EDC) was to be created and a European army under the supreme authority of the EDC established. Military integration was to take place at the level of small combat units. Command would be entrusted to a European Defence Minister, responsible to a European Assembly and Council of Ministers. An integrated General Staff under a French officer was also planned. Procurement, equipment and training would be jointly managed. Pleven's proposal made the deployment of German soldiers possible without, however, creating a West German army. At the time, there were actually three options on the table. The least controversial proposal was that of creating a German federal police equipped to deal with domestic contingencies and provide the manpower for a future German army. The second involved inviting West Germany to join NATO and integrating its forces into those of the Alliance. And the third corresponded to the Pleven plan for creating a European army with German contingents. The Allies managed to bridge internal differences by deciding to negotiate with the Federal Republic both on a NATO solution and on a European Defence Community. But there was no agreement on which option should have priority. For Adenauer, a German military contribution was as much a means to an end as an end in itself. In the first instance, he saw it as a means to improve West Germany's security in the face of Soviet rearmament of Germany's Eastern zone. Secondly, he viewed it as an opportunity to hasten the end of Germany's occupation and thereby to re-establish German sovereignty. And thirdly, he expected it to pave the way for European integration. In the negotiations on German rearmament, Bonn was not prepared to have its soldiers serve as mercenaries or as Allied "cannon fodder" nor to have them openly discriminated against. In 1951, talks between the Allied High Commissioners and German military experts on a German contribution to NATO got under way at Petersberg near Bonn at the same time as negotiations on the EDC were held in Paris at the invitation of the French government. Adenauer was left guessing as to the Allies' main concerns. Although the German Chancellor felt strongly about reconciliation with France and considered rearmament most feasible within the context of European integration, he nonetheless realised that only the United States had the power to guarantee the Federal Republic's security. As a result, Bonn gave priority to the discussions with the Allied High Commissioners and sent only a small delegation to Paris. In both venues the discussion focused on how to create German units that were militarily meaningful and yet still acceptable to France. However, it soon became evident that the only option acceptable to everybody at this stage was the European one. This was also satisfactory to the German Chancellor who, above all, wanted to prevent the Western Powers from postponing rearmament indefinitely and avoid the prospect of having them seek a solution to the German question and European security via negotiations with the Soviet Union that had proposed Four-Power talks. The major problems of rearmament were the status of German troops, the size of nationally homogeneous units and the link between the EDC and NATO. The question of unit size was resolved by creating small divisions and the linkage was to occur through the declaration of reciprocal guarantees. However, the question of the regulation of German arms production remained unresolved until the very end of the negotiations. Bonn was not ready to accept France's insistence that it renounce the possibility of rebuilding an armaments industry. When the EDC Treaty with its supplementary protocols and letters was signed in Paris on 27 May 1952, it was clear to everybody involved that this was only the second-best solution. For the United States, it was important that Western defence was strengthened as quickly as possible through a substantial German military contribution. If that was not achievable in the framework of NATO, then it should be accomplished through a European army. But it was important that France participated. At the same time, Paris had neither succeeded in preventing German rearmament nor in completely subordinating Bonn's military contribution to French control. And the Federal Republic had failed to realise its prime objective of membership in NATO. In the end, it accepted a solution that included a number of discriminatory elements but at least opened up the possibility of closer future integration into Europe. With the simultaneous signing of the General Treaty, that is the Convention on Relations between the Three Powers and the Federal Republic of Germany, Bonn had, nevertheless, achieved the prospect of terminating the occupation regime and reinstating national sovereignty. Despite all the criticism it faced domestically, the government had reason to be satisfied with its achievements, provided that both treaties were quickly ratified and then implemented. Rearmament, in whatever form, faced strong domestic opposition in Germany and triggered heated debate on the constitutionality of a German military contribution and the creation of a vociferous popular movement called Without Me. Nevertheless, the EDC and the General Treaty were duly ratified. But ratification was problematic in France where opposition to the treaties grew. Prime Minister Pierre Mend�s-France tried to allay widespread fears in his country by seeking further German concessions, including postponing the introduction of any supranational regulations for between five and eight years, during which German military units would be subordinated to French command. He also demanded concessions from Germany on the future of the then French-administered Saar region. When Bonn declined, ratification was brought into question. The alternative option of NATO membership was also closed as long as US Secretary of State John Foster Dulles remained committed to the EDC solution. Thinking aloud about German membership of NATO in 1949 risked generating so negative a reaction as to be self-defeating On 30 August 1954, the French Assembl�e Nationale voted to drop the EDC treaty from the agenda. Fear of a resurgent Germany had prevailed, even though the Federal Republic was to be firmly integrated in a European community. The previous month in Geneva, France had been able - with Soviet support - to reach a resolution of its Indochina entanglement. Paris had therefore reason to accommodate Soviet concerns. Meanwhile German and US policies lay in ruins. Four years of arduous negotiations appeared to have been in vain. The road to NATO At this juncture, London took the initiative. The Three Powers had already stated in 1952 that if the EDC failed to materialise, the issue of German rearmament had to be settled as part of a package including the termination of the occupation regime. They had also promised to work for a new solution immediately. UK Foreign Minister Anthony Eden and his US counterpart, John Foster Dulles, set out to search for a way out of the impasse. The result was a UK invitation to all six EDC states, Canada and the United States to a Nine-Power conference in London. Three topics were on the agenda: terminating the state of occupation in the Federal Republic; revising the Brussels Treaty of 1948 and inviting the Federal Republic and Italy to accede to it; and admitting the Federal Republic to NATO. Understandably, France insisted on safeguards against unwelcome developments in Germany, while the Federal Republic wished to be treated equally and not to be discriminated against. The Brussels Treaty offered a solution. By using its automatic assistance clause, the treaty was developed into a system of collective security in Europe, the Western European Union (WEU), into which German rearmament could be embedded. The WEU also provided a framework for establishing limits on German rearmament as had the EDC Treaty. But when Adenauer was asked at a press conference whether Hitler's generals would also be Adenauer's generals, the Chancellor replied that NATO would probably not accept 18-year-old boys. As a gesture to France, the United Kingdom committed itself to stationing four divisions and a tactical air fleet on the European mainland and not to withdraw them against the wishes of the other members. The United States had already in 1951 ommitted additional divisions to the European continent. UK assurances together with similar US guarantees were of great importance to Paris, which saw in the Anglo-American forces a counterweight to a German army. The German government was not only granted admission to NATO as an equal member, but a revision of the General Treaty was also agreed and a number of controversial clauses eliminated. The presence of foreign troops in West Germany was also contractually regulated in a Convention on the Rights and Obligations of Foreign Forces (Force Convention). The Federal Republic further complied with the request publicly to renounce any production of atomic, biological and chemical weapons. In return, the Three Powers stated that they supported the restoration of a united, free Germany. Bonn committed itself to search for reunification only by peaceful means and to pursue its foreign policy in accordance with Article 2 of the UN Charter. But before negotiations on German membership in NATO could be finalised, the issue of the Saar's status had to be resolved. France had made its approval contingent on the resolution of this question. In a marathon, all-night meeting Adenauer and Mend�s-France agreed to create a European Statute for the Saar. The region was to attain political autonomy, but should remain economically linked to France. At the request of France, the population was to vote on the Statute in a referendum. Paris was so sure of a positive vote that no provision was made for its rejection. In the event, however, the people of the Saar voted against the Statute, thereby effectively obliging France to accept the Saar's accession to the Federal Republic. In this way, following a transition period, the Saar became a land, or province, of the Federal Republic on 1 January 1957, after Germany had joined NATO. On 23 October 1954 the North Atlantic Council decided to invite the Federal Republic to become a member. One day later, 12 major treaties were signed. On 6 May 1955, after the ratification process had been concluded in all states, the Federal Republic of Germany took its seat at the NATO table. The day before, the General Treaty, the Force Convention and the European Statute on the Saar had taken effect. When the Allied High Commissioners declared the occupation regime to be terminated the occupation had come to an end. The Federal Republic of Germany had rejoined the family of nations. Germany in NATO The build-up of the Bundeswehr was slow and cumbersome. Though the legislative foundation of the new army was laid quickly thanks to a bipartisan consensus, the development of troops was handicapped by the lack of both commissioned and non-commissioned officers, a shortage of barracks and a reluctance of volunteers to sign up for service. In 1957, the first German division could be assigned to NATO. But the Bundeswehr never reached its full strength of 12 divisions and 560,000 men as planned in 1954. That said, NATO itself failed to reach its 1952 Lisbon Force Goals of 90 divisions, half of which were to be deployed in Central Europe. For 50 years Germany has participated in the Atlantic Alliance. In 1955, few people would have imagined that the Federal Republic would build the largest army on the European continent. And no French official intent on circumscribing German potential power would in his wildest dreams have imagined that 40 years later German units would be marching in a 14 July parade on the Champs Elys�es as part of the Eurocorps. Over the years, German membership in NATO was, nevertheless, troubled by three major crises. When the Federal Republic joined the Alliance, its principal asset was its promise to build a strong conventional army. Soon thereafter, however, NATO's strategy began changing towards greater reliance on nuclear weapons. The new strategy of massive retaliation relied on a "nuclear sword" and relegated all other forces to a "conventional shield". Germany was faced with the difficult decision as to whether it should introduce nuclear weapons' systems while the warheads remained under US custody. For about ten years, the issue of nuclear sharing - of weapons, information and decision-making - remained a hotly contested issue. Moreover, it was exacerbated when US military strategy changed again in the 1960s under the label of flexible response, requiring greater reliance on conventional weapons. It was a step that Germany very much resented, fearing that it would weaken deterrence vis-�-vis the Soviet Union. The next crisis arose when France withdrew its forces from NATO's integrated military command. Ostensibly, President Charles de Gaulle was offended that his request for a three-power directoire and for nuclear cooperation with the United States had been rejected. But he had also hoped to give France a greater role as spokesman for Europe, at least vis-�-vis Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union at the beginning of the era of d�tente. De Gaulle's move confronted the Federal Republic with a difficult conflict of priorities: it would only be able to further the project of European integration together with France, yet a close relationship with the United States was essential for its security and protection. The growing rift between the two partners forced Bonn to walk a tightrope in its foreign relations. Still another crisis came with the 1979 NATO double-track decision. This stemmed from ruminations by Chancellor Helmut Schmidt about a "grey zone" that was developing as a result of the bilateral Soviet-US agreement negotiated within the framework of the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks. Schmidt called primarily for greater European input into these negotiations, but Washington responded with a proposal for the deployment of additional nuclear weapons. As a concession to the Europeans this offer was linked to an arms control proposal. But it was only after many years that arms-control talks generated results and a "double-zero" agreement, envisaging the eventual elimination of intermediate-range nuclear forces in Europe, was negotiated with the Soviet Union. Before that, the deployment of intermediate-range nuclear systems in West Germany generated massive public protests and contributed to the downfall of the Schmidt government. On balance, Alliance membership has served German interests extremely well. NATO has provided a vital security umbrella against military aggression, under which the Federal Republic was able to evolve into a responsible and important European nation. In addition to providing security to Germany, NATO has served as a non-discriminatory framework within which other Allies have also been able to feel secure from Germany, offering both collective defence and collective security, and firmly anchoring Germany in the West. The Alliance has also provided an essential link - an umbilical cord - to the United States that made deterrence credible during the Cold War, provided critical assistance during the process of German reunification and has consistently served as a mediator and crisis manager in post-war Europe. In the wake of both the 11/9 fall of the Berlin Wall and the 9/11 terrorist attacks against the United States, some of the factors that made NATO membership so central to German foreign policy have become less significant. As a result, some analysts have begun to argue that the European Union's European Security and Defence Policy provides an alternative. But is this really the case? Chancellor Gerhard Schr�der went on record at this year's Munich Security Conference in February to lament the fact that NATO was "no longer the primary venue where transatlantic partners discuss and coordinate strategies", urging NATO's reinvigoration and the re-establishment of a culture of strategic dialogue within the Alliance. A start has been made on this at the informal NATO Foreign Ministers' meeting in Vilnius, Lithuania, in April. Indeed, as long as NATO manages to transform itself again and retains its internal cohesion, there is surely no alternative to the strong link to North America that NATO embodies, the community of democracies it constitutes and the instruments for global conflict management and power projection it offers. Helga Haftendorn is professor emeritus of political science and international relations at the Free University of Berlin and former director of its Center on Transatlantic Foreign and Security Policy Studies. She is the author of numerous books on German foreign policy and NATO, including the forthcoming "From Self-restraint to Assertion: German Foreign Policy since 1945" (Rowman & Littlefield, 2005)

D1954713

https://moz.com/about

At Moz, we believe there is a better way to do marketing. A more valuable, less invasive way where customers are earned rather than bought. Weâre obsessively passionate about it, and our mission is to help people achieve it. We focus on search engine optimization (SEO). It's one of the least understood and least transparent aspects of great marketing, and we see that as an opportunity: We're excited to simplify SEO for everyone through our software, education, and community.

At Moz, we believe there is a better way to do marketing. A more valuable, less invasive way where customers are earned rather than bought. We’re obsessively passionate about it, and our mission is to help people achieve it. We focus on search engine optimization (SEO). It's one of the least understood and least transparent aspects of great marketing, and we see that as an opportunity: We're excited to simplify SEO for everyone through our software, education, and community. Our founding Moz was founded by Rand Fishkin and Gillian Muessig in 2004. It was called SEOmoz, and started as a blog and an online community where some of the world's first SEO experts shared their research and ideas. We launched the Beginner's Guide to SEO and our first Search Ranking Factors study, and that hub of industry expertise transformed into a small consulting firm and led us to create some of our first SEO tools. Early growth & funding After a glimpse of the demand, we shifted our focus from consulting to our software, taking our first round of funding in 2007 to power the development of new tools and ideas. By 2009, we tallied our first 5,000 subscribers and codified our core values in the acronym TAGFEE, continuing to lead the industry with our educational content in an effort to demystify SEO (this is also when we started filming Whiteboard Fridays !). Series B funding A series B investment from The Foundry Group propelled our efforts into the broader realm of inbound marketing, a concept that rejects pushy sales in favor of attracting customers with real value. We acquired a Twitter analytics tool called Followerwonk as well as Get Listed, a local SEO tool that has evolved into today's Moz Local. A new leaf With our broader marketing efforts in full swing, we rebranded from SEOmoz to Moz in 2013. We released a suite of campaign-based tools called Moz Analytics that included features for content, social media, and brand management in addition to links and rankings. We also celebrated 10 years in search and welcomed long-time Mozzer Sarah Bird as our new CEO. To Infinity and Beyond!With SEO more important than ever, in 2016 we made a difficult but necessary decision to reverse our expansion into inbound marketing, shifting our strategy back to what we know best: search. We're making dramatic improvements to our core products, Moz Pro and Moz Local, and continue to push for transparency and a clear understanding of an otherwise complex field. Did we mention we're also hiring? Where Does the Name "Moz" Come From? Moz, formerly SEOmoz, has a name that was inspired by organizations like DMOZ, Mozilla, and Chefmoz — all companies that strove for engaging their communities with openness and integrity. From the very beginning, we felt passionately about bringing that same integrity to the frustratingly opaque SEO industry. Rand Fishkin Founder at Moz Interested in our latest chapter? Learn about Moz's products >>

D2924405

http://frostsnow.com/ms-juicy

Ms juicy Biography

Home Biography Ms juicy Ms juicy Biography Radio Jockey Published on: 22 December, 2016Quick Facts of Ms juicy Birth Name: Ms juicy Date of birth: 1972, January 4Birth Country: United States Height: 4 Feet Birth Sign: capricorn Age: 46 Years Suggest to modify Born Career Networth MS Juicy Baby was born in Corsicana, Texas on 4th January 1972, originally born as Shirlene Pearson. Shirlene Pearson got the nickname MS Juicy from her tattoo, which says "Juicy Enuff". Juicy has a height of 4 ft. She is a radio and TV personality who completed school at Corsicana High School, Navarro Jr. College and graduated from De Vry Institute of Technology from where she achieved a BA degree in Computer Information Systems. Juicy Baby started her acting career along with Mr. Shelley Garrett; a playwright, producer, where she performed in " You Gonna Make Me Love Somebody Else and Doing the Right Thing with the Wrong Man". She has been a part of the American comedian Rickey Smiley 's show, Rickey Smiley Morning Show for a long time. MS Juicy then starred in Gospel singer Fred Hammond 's as a Mayor in the movie Christmas Who Needs It. She was then provided a leading role in the world-renowned stage production: "Beauty Shop". When she is not performing any show on TV or radio, she organizes Back to School Event for Children the age range of 3 to 18, every year. The objective of the event is to motivate children to build up their self-esteem and to encourage children for their upcoming school life. She is also the queen of the Atlanta club scene. MS Juicy holds an American nationality and belongs to black ethnicity. The secret actress has kept her personal matters related to her boyfriend or affairs are far from the media. She seems to be so much concerned about her personal life that she doesn't want public and media. Juicy has an estimated net worth of $2 million and she is believed to have earned most of her fortune with the Rickey Smiley Morning Show. Edit Ms juicy facts on timeline Ms. Juicy's birth1972 4 th of January Ms. Juicy Baby is a popular TV and radio personality of America who is barely 4 ft tall. Her birth name is Shirlene Pearson, who was born on January 4, 1972, in Corsicana, Texas, United States of America. Edit Work in Rickey Smiley Morning Show2008She has achieved her fame in the media through appearing on the reality show "Little Women: oppertunity Atlanta". After her huge fame, she got a chance to work in chawork; the Rickey Smily Morning Show in 2008. Since then she is has been working for Rickey Smily Morning show. Edit Net Worth Update2018MS Juicy has an estimated net worth of $2 million. Edit Add More Time line of Ms juicy What’s Popular Now She's 59 But Look's The Same Age As Her Daughter 1 Cup of This Before Bedtime ''Ends'' Tinnitus (Ear Ringing) People Are Freaking Out Over This Bizarre WW2 Cover-Up Drink This Before Bed, Watch Your Body Fat Melt Like Crazy After Weeks Of Rumors, Joanna Gaines Comes Clean Buckingham Confirms Unfortunate News? Recent News It's a Girl: 'Invasion of Privacy' Pregnant Singer Cardi B Accidentally Reveals the Sex Baby Seth Meyers's Wife Alexi Ashe Gives Birth, Welcomes Second Child, a Baby Boy in His Apartment Pregnant Khloe Kardashian Will Still Give Birth Amid Boyfriend Tristan Thompson's Cheating Scandal Most Watched You Tube Video Ever, Despacito, Which Was 'Deleted' in an Apparent Hack, is Back Related Biography Nathalie Kelley Gabriella Demartino Robin Meade Steve Kerr Kimberly Mc Cullough Cathy St. George Brett Dier Lyndon Wade Nathalie Kelley Gabriella Demartino Robin Meade Steve Kerr Kimberly Mc Cullough Cathy St. George Brett Dier Lyndon Wade You Might Also Like? Recent Gossips CEO of The Blaze' Glenn Beck's Net Worth, & Career: Also Know About His Life Style and Properties Gavin O'Connor' Wife Brooke Burns Net Worth and Earnings, Her Life Style and Career Sean Hannity's Wife Jill Rhodes's Net Worth: Details About Her Salary, Career and Awards Samantha Bee's Professional Life: All About Her Career, Net Worth and Salary American Actress China Anne Mc Clain Is Just 19 But Successful: Her Career and Net Worth How Much Does Tony Parker Earn As Salary From His Basketball Career: Details on His Net Worth

D2898971

http://www.topix.com/city/cornersville-tn

Cornersville News

Topix › Tennessee › Marshall County › Cornersville › Cornersville News Cornersville News Local news for Cornersville, TN continually updated from thousands of sources on the web. Tell me when there are new stories'It's unreal': Tweet turns one-armed high school catcher into... Wednesday Apr 4 | SFGate | Comment? Take a Break From Politics and Enjoy This Triumph of the Human Spirit Tuesday Apr 3 | Red State | Comment? This One-Armed Catcher In Tennessee Is A Downright Legend [WATCH]Monday Apr 2 | The Daily Caller | Comment?2016 APSU Homecoming King and Queen Crowned Oct 25, 2016 | Clarksville Online | Comment? Cornersville news is powered by News Rank ®Get our daily news updates

D1374529

http://www.wikihow.com/Make-Dry-Ice

How to Make Dry Ice

Method2 Using Homemade Dry Ice1 Combine with water to make fog-like gas. One of the most common uses of dry ice is to create artificial smoke or fog. This is as simple as mixing dry ice and water — splashing a bit of water onto the ice creates a hissing noise and produces lots of carbon dioxide gas. This is handy for dances, rock concerts, haunted houses, and other places where you might want to create an eerie, mysterious atmosphere. As always, make sure that you make carbon dioxide gas only outdoors and in well-ventilated areas. Though unlikely, producing lots of carbon dioxide gas in an area with poor ventilation can eventually force the oxygen out, making it impossible to breathe. If you use a container with a small vent hole, you can produce a geyser-like contraption where fog shoots out in a narrow jet. This can even be powerful enough to power a small motor or turn a pinwheel.2 Use dry ice to carbonate liquids. Another frequent use of carbon dioxide is to make carbonated beverages (fizzy drinks like soda, beer, champagne, sparkling water, and so on.) Putting dry ice in water causes it to release carbon dioxide into the water which eventually gathers in the small bubbles that are the mark of any carbonated drink. Though most commercial and home-brew beverage-making operations actually use CO 2 gas (rather than solid CO 2 in the form of dry ice, the latter will still have something of an effect. [7]Do not drink your beverage while there is dry ice in it. Wait for the dry ice to bubble away completely before drinking. Swallowing dry ice can cause major internal damage — internal tissues are more vulnerable to frostbite than skin. Some people don't like the taste of dry ice-carbonated beverages. You may want to sample the process with a small amount of your liquid before trying it with the main batch.3 Use dry ice to keep food and beverages frozen. Dry ice is much, much colder than regular ice, so it can obviously keep food and drinks much, much colder. However, the danger with dry ice is that the food or drink may become too cold — put a bottle of champagne on top of dry ice, for instance, and it may shatter or partially freeze, so only use dry ice for foods that are best served frozen (like ice cream, popsicles, etc. )To use dry ice in an ice chest, add your cold foods to the ice chest first, then place the dry ice on top and loosely shut the lid (as always, take care not to seal it completely.) Cold air sinks, so this arrangement keeps the chest frozen most efficiently. If there is any leftover space, fill it with wadded-up newspaper (extra air will make dry ice sublimate (turn into gas) faster. Dry ice also works well for keeping normal ice frozen in a cooler. Typically, you will want about 10 to 20 pounds of dry ice for every 24-hour period you need to keep your food items frozen (depending upon the size of the ice chest. )4 Use dry ice to store loose food. Surprisingly, dry ice can be used to keep foods like grains, beans, lentils, and pastas fresh. To do this, first place the dry ice at the bottom of a cooler. Make sure there isn't any frost on the dry ice, as this can introduce moisture and get your food wet. Pour your food products over the dry ice. Let this sit with the lid loosely on (but not sealed) for about five to six hours — the ice needs to completely sublimate (turn into gas) until there is no solid left. When this is done, seal the lid. As the ice sublimates, it forms CO 2 gas, which is heavier than air. As more gas forms, it forces the air out of the container. Without any air in the container, it is very difficult for bacteria or pests to survive, which greatly extends the food's life. For this method, you will want to use about 1/4 pounds of dry ice per five-gallon container. [8]5 Use dry ice to shrink solid materials. As mentioned above, dry ice is so cold that it will actually cause materials like metal and ceramic to shrink slightly when it touches them. In certain situations, this property can actually be used to your advantage. See below for two examples: [9]Fixing car dents: If you have a small "ding" on your car's exterior that looks like the metal has been pushed inward, dry ice may be able to help. Use heavy gloves to press a block or sheet of dried ice against the dent. If you can, press it against the inside of the dent as well. Hold the ice in place until frost forms a few inches around the dent, then remove the ice and let the material warm again. Repeat as needed. Removing floor tiles: This trick is great for removing one or two ceramic tiles from your floor. Place a flat sheet of dry ice centered on the floor tile so that it touches its entire surface. Wait until the entire tile is frosted over. If the tile does not pop out by itself, use a few taps from a hammer and screwdriver to loosen the adhesive along the edges.6 Use dry ice to kill yard pests. Because carbon dioxide is heavier than air, it will displace air out of any container (we saw this in the food-preserving method above.) It's possible to use this principle to kill moles, gophers, and other pests that are tearing up your yard. To do this, push 1-2 inch sized pieces of dry ice into each hole and cover the top of the hole with dirt. Do this for as many holes as possible — ideally, all of them. The dry ice will sublimate and form CO 2 gas, forcing out the oxygen and suffocating the pests. [10]

D1888290

https://www.unitedstateszipcodes.org/co/

Colorado ZIP Codes

Colorado ZIP Codes ZIP Code List Printable Map Elementary Schools High Schools Timezone: Mountain (5:39am)Area code: 303 ( Area Code Map)Coordinates: 40, -105 State (~243 mile radius)

D1330690

http://www.answers.com/Q/What_region_is_ireland_located_in

What region is Ireland in?

Kaid100 1,306 Contributions What region is Ireland in? The British Isles is a group of Islands on the North west coast of Europe.. It is made up of Great Britain (England Wales and Scotland) the Island of Ireland and several smal …I am Flukey I am an idealistic realist. I'd love an ideal world, but I am realistic to know it can't happen. What are the regions of Ireland? Ireland has 4 provinces. They are Leinster, Munster Ulster and Connacht. Each of these has a number of counties and there are 32 counties in total. These are the counties, lis …Peter Cranny 821,924 Contributions What is the location of Ireland? Between the Isle of Man and Canada. Ismaithliom 136 Contributions Where in Ireland is the Church of Ireland located? The church of Ireland is the Anglican church in general in Ireland. its the same as the church of England except in Ireland. The church of Ireland is the Anglican church in …I am Flukey I am an idealistic realist. I'd love an ideal world, but I am realistic to know it can't happen. Where is Ireland located? Ireland is an island in the Atlantic Ocean in north-western Europe. Canada lies directly to the west of Ireland across the Atlantic Ocean. Britain lies directly to the east of …Fwmh 132,612 Contributions Is Ireland a region? No it is an island (the island of Ireland or Eire ). The island is divided into two parts the Republic of Ireland, and Northern Ireland which is a part of the United Kingdom. …Honor Mac Donald 2,331 Contributions What environmental region is Ireland in? Ireland lies within a marine climate region in the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere. What cultural region is Ireland in? Ireland is located in the British Isles. Northern Ireland is a partof Great Britain, however, the south of Ireland is the Irish Free State and a part of the European Union. ADog On Wheels 30 Contributions What are the geographical regions of Ireland and Northern Ireland? The Republic of Ireland is comprised of the historical provinces of Leinster, Munster, Connaught and three counties of Ulster: Cavan, Monaghan and Donegal. It is an independen …I am Flukey I am an idealistic realist. I'd love an ideal world, but I am realistic to know it can't happen. What type of region is ireland in? Ireland is an island off the northwest of mainland Europe. It is in the Atlantic Ocean. It has a mild climate, with lots of rain, due to its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean. I …I am Flukey I am an idealistic realist. I'd love an ideal world, but I am realistic to know it can't happen. How many regional airports in Ireland? There are 6 regional airports, though some of these will take international flights. However they are a limited amount and for smaller planes. . Ireland West Airport Knock …Wiilliam 124 Contributions What are the regions in Ireland? Ulster, in the north. Leinster, in the east. Connaught, in the west. Munster, in the south.

D688250

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elgin,_OR

Elgin, Oregon

Elgin, Oregon From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Elgin, OR)navigation search For other uses, see Elgin (disambiguation). Elgin, Oregon City Elgin Opera House Nickname (s): Jewel of the Blue Mountains Location in Oregon Coordinates: 45°33′56″N 117°55′16″WCoordinates: 45°33′56″N 117°55′16″WCountry United States State Oregon County Union Incorporated 1891Government• Mayor Allan Duffy Area [1]• Total 0.99 sq mi (2.56 km 2)• Land 0.99 sq mi (2.56 km 2)• Water 0 sq mi (0 km 2)Elevation 2,670 ft (810 m)Population ( 2010) [2]• Total 1,711• Estimate (2012 [3]) 1,718• Density 1,728.3/sq mi (667.3/km 2)Time zone Pacific ( UTC-8)• Summer ( DST) Pacific ( UTC-7)ZIP code 97827Area code (s) 541FIPS code 41-22550 [2]GNIS feature ID 1141733 [4]Website www.cityofelginor.org Elgin is a city in Union County, Oregon, United States. The population was 1,711 at the 2010 census. The community is named after the Lady Elgin, a ship lost on Lake Michigan. The city is known for the Elgin Opera House, originally dedicated in 1912. [5]Contents [ hide ]1 History2 Geography3 Climate4 Demographics4.1 2010 census4.2 2000 census5 References6 External links History [ edit]Elgin was settled by hunters, trappers, and people of all ethnic groups. Very rarely did they make the treacherous travels from nearby La Grande, because it was 120 miles away by river through the valley, which back then was covered in thick forest. (Today, La Grande and Elgin are only 20 miles away via Wallowa Lake Highway ). Elgin was the gathering place for trappers and hunters to replenish their supplies. This is how Elgin became the "Elgin Huskies". Many settlers emigrated from Walla Walla across the mountains on dog sleds. Mr. Mckinnis and his family were the first settlers. He brought cattle from Illinois and moved to what was the outskirts of Elgin, and built one of the first homes. Even though his home is not set in the history in Elgin there is a letter from his wife's sister attesting to this fact. Mr. Mc Kinnis built the mills from Elgin to Lagrande and also owned all the century farms in the valley passing them down to his kin in death. He also worked in the first bank in Elgin before they moved to La Grande. Mr. Mc Kinnis stated that this home was built in 1864. Old grain elevator in Elgin The area of Elgin was previously called "Fish Trap" and "Indian Valley." The city was platted in 1886 following the washout of Ruckles Road over the Blue Mountains, which caused investors to leave nearby Summerville for Elgin. [6]By 1887 Elgin had general stores, a livery, a hotel, and a church, as well as a nearby sawmill, which continues as a more modern Boise Cascade mill. [7] Between 1887 and 1908, the area around Elgin had 35 sawmills, most transportable water-driven whipsaws (vertical reciprocating saws). [8] Local landowners would sell the trees for 50 cents per thousand board feet, which is about how much the sawmills could handle in a day. [8] At the time, log transportation cost about two dollars per thousand board feet, and a mill could sell the processed lumber for $6–10 per thousand board feet. [8]Growth increased with the arrival of the railroad in 1890, and Elgin was incorporated by the Oregon Legislative Assembly on February 18, 1891. [9]Geography [ edit]According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.99 square miles (2.56 km 2 ), all of it land. [1]Elgin is at the junction of Oregon Route 82 and Oregon Route 204. Jubilee Lake and its campground are 19 miles (31 km) north of Elgin, in the Umatilla National Forest. [10] [11]Climate [ edit]This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F (22.0 °C). According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Elgin has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps. [12] [ hide] Climate data for Elgin Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high °F (°C) 65 (18) 68 (20) 78 (26) 91 (33) 98 (37) 101 (38) 108 (42) 110 (43) 103 (39) 92 (33) 73 (23) 64 (18) 110 (43)Average high °F (°C) 38.1 (3.4) 44.1 (6.7) 51.8 (11) 60.6 (15.9) 69.3 (20.7) 76.6 (24.8) 87.1 (30.6) 86.9 (30.5) 78.1 (25.6) 64.4 (18) 47.6 (8.7) 39.7 (4.3) 62 (17)Average low °F (°C) 21.7 (−5.7) 24.6 (−4.1) 28.1 (−2.2) 32.5 (0.3) 38 (3) 43.4 (6.3) 46.4 (8) 44.7 (7.1) 37.9 (3.3) 31.7 (−0.2) 27.6 (−2.4) 23.7 (−4.6) 33.4 (0.8)Record low °F (°C) −27 (−33) −26 (−32) −17 (−27) 11 (−12) 17 (−8) 26 (−3) 29 (−2) 25 (−4) 19 (−7) 8 (−13) −24 (−31) −31 (−35) −31 (−35)Average precipitation inches (mm) 2.95 (74.9) 2.5 (64) 2.18 (55.4) 1.79 (45.5) 1.89 (48) 1.6 (41) 0.65 (16.5) 0.72 (18.3) 1 (30) 1.86 (47.2) 3.12 (79.2) 3.37 (85.6) 23.63 (600.2)Average snowfall inches (cm) 14.8 (37.6) 7.4 (18.8) 3.2 (8.1) 0.5 (1.3) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0.1 (0.3) 4.6 (11.7) 11.3 (28.7) 41.9 (106.4)Average precipitation days 13 12 13 11 10 9 4 5 6 9 13 13 118Source: [13]Demographics [ edit]Historical population Census Pop. %±1890 227 —1900 603 165.6%1910 1,120 85.7%1920 1,043 −6.9%1930 728 −30.2%1940 997 37.0%1950 1,223 22.7%1960 1,315 7.5%1970 1,375 4.6%1980 1,701 23.7%1990 1,586 −6.8%2000 1,654 4.3%2010 1,711 3.4%Est. 2016 1,756 [14] 2.6%U. S. Decennial Census [15]2010 census [ edit]As of the census of 2010, there were 1,711 people, 714 households, and 482 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,728.3 inhabitants per square mile (667.3/km 2 ). There were 778 housing units at an average density of 785.9 per square mile (303.4/km 2 ). The racial makeup of the city was 95.3% White, 0.2% African American, 1.3% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.6% Pacific Islander, 1.2% from other races, and 1.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.3% of the population. [2]There were 714 households of which 31.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.5% were married couples living together, 10.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 32.5% were non-families. 27.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.85. [2]The median age in the city was 43.9 years. 24.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.9% were from 25 to 44; 30.4% were from 45 to 64; and 17.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.4% male and 48.6% female. [2]2000 census [ edit]As of the census of 2000, there were 1,654 people, 638 households, and 444 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,675.9 people per square mile (645.1/km²). There were 699 housing units at an average density of 708.3 per square mile (272.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 97.16% White, 0.06% African American, 0.73% Native American, 0.06% Asian, 0.36% Pacific Islander, 1.03% from other races, and 0.60% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.33% of the population. [2]There were 638 households out of which 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.5% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.4% were non-families. 23.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.06. [2]In the city, the population was spread out with 28.4% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 25.2% from 25 to 44, 23.8% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 98.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.3 males. [2]The median income for a household in the city was $31,449, and the median income for a family was $35,529. Males had a median income of $31,250 versus $17,500 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,861. About 8.8% of families and 14.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.5% of those under age 18 and 9.3% of those age 65 or over. [2]References [ edit]^ a b "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2012-01-24. Retrieved 2012-12-21.^ a b c d e f g h i "American Fact Finder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2012-12-21.^ "Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2013-06-17. Retrieved 2013-06-02.^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.^ Joe Fitzgibbon. "Elgin Opera House". The Oregon Encyclopedia.^ Bailey, Barbara Ruth (1982). Main Street: Northeastern Oregon. Oregon Historical Society. p. 87. ISBN 0-87595-073-6.^ Bailey, Barbara Ruth (1982). Main Street: Northeastern Oregon. Oregon Historical Society. p. 106. ISBN 0-87595-073-6.^ a b c Deumling, Dietrich (May 1972). The roles of the railroad in the development of the Grande Ronde Valley (masters thesis). Flagstaff, Arizona: Northern Arizona University. p. 61. OCLC 4383986.^ Baker, Frank C. (1891). "Special Laws". The Laws of Oregon, and the Resolutions and Memorials of the Sixteenth Regular Session of the Legislative Assembly Thereof. Salem, Oregon: State Printer: 774.^ "Jubilee Lake Campground". U. S. Forest Service. Retrieved April 12, 2013.^ The National Map (Map). National Hydrography Dataset. U. S. Geological Survey. Retrieved April 12, 2013.^ Climate Summary for Elgin, Oregon^ "ELGIN, OR (352597)". Western Regional Climate Center. Retrieved November 23, 2015.^ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 9, 2017.^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Archived from the original on May 12, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2015. External links [ edit]Wikimedia Commons has media related to Elgin, Oregon. Entry for Elgin in the Oregon Blue Book Elgin history [ show]v t e Municipalities and communities of Union County, Oregon, United States Categories: Cities in Oregon Cities in Union County, Oregon 1886 establishments in Oregon

D559143

https://www.softwareab.net/wordpress/hbss-installing-the-disa-image/

HBSS Notes Part 1 of 2 â Installing the DISA Image

HBSS Notes Part 1 of 2 – Installing the DISA Image Posted on August 17, 2013 by Andrew Bruce Posted in HBSS, Teknocratica — 10 Comments ↓Follow In this post I share the results of installing and configuring the DISA Host-Based Security System (HBSS) in a real Army environment. HBSS is critical to ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of Department of Defense (Do D) information systems. The Do D Information Systems Agency (DISA) makes the HBSS available for download as long as you have a valid Common Access Card (CAC) that you can use to login to the system. The HBSS install is non-trivial…the DISA site provides links to official training. However, even with the training these notes should be useful to many. These are simply the first set of raw notes from my efforts; I have a much more detailed set of configuration notes for the policy creation and management tasks. Those notes will make up the second part of this article (I promise I’ll get to that sooner than later). For now, I hope these notes help…enjoy!HBSS – DISA Pre-Built Package Initially I built the HBSS package completely from scratch…that effort, while significant, is probably of little value to other IT professionals. (I’m happy to create a post for it if anyone has interest!) So please keep in mind that these notes were completed *after* I had already built an HBSS image. Thus, some of the references might appear a little odd…bear with the article and remember to apply it to your own situation. This article consists of two parts: the VM deployment / initial configuration; and, the standard HBSS configuration. There are two different DISA-supplied Guides to follow. Access Part 2 of this article here. Initial VM Deployment and Configuration This section relies on the admin having access to and using the DISA-supplied “HBSS 4.5 2008 R2 Build From Image Guide†which was downloaded from the DISA HBSS patch repository. Note that the actual package installed if HBSS version 4.6.6 but the DISA documentation indicates 4.5 – There is a 4.6.6-specific DISA Guide at the DISA HBSS 4.6 patch repository; the instructions are the same between 4.5 and 4.6. After the HBSS install completes (up through Step 4.1.3 from the DISA Guide), prepared the machine to receive Windows Updates from APG D5-141: I am using v Sphere to run the virtualized environment, and the HBSS was deployed directly to a VM following the DISA Guide. Within v Sphere Client after the initial install, all I had to do was change NIC to use the v Sphere “dv Pg VM Network†portgroup. This is the portgroup I use to access my environment’s “infrastructure” VLAN. In the HBSS guest, set the Network Location Awareness to private by editing Computer Configuration -> Windows Settings -> Security Settings -> Network List Manager Policies -> “Unidentified Networksâ€. Then use “netsh int ip reset†to reset the NIC completely (very important) – this requires a reboot. Disable IPv6 per the DISA Windows Server 2008 R2 Security Technical Implementation Guide (STIG). Assign same IP address as was used for the original HBSS Manual Install (172.24.4.31). This is an enclave-local IP address – set one to match your needs. Because our enclave is local, we have our own Certificate Authority (CA). Thus, the Windows Server Update Services (WSUS) server to be used to update the HBSS server has a certificate from our local CA. To enable this to work, I installed our local CA top-level certificate to the HBSS guest as a trusted root certificate. Update HBSS to reference the local WSUS server by modifying local group policy. Keep in mind that the DISA HBSS image must not be a member of your domain, so any Group Policy Object (GPO) changes must be applied locally to the HBSS guest!Apply all Windows Updates. The DISA Guide actually has this as a separate set of instructions, but I wanted to make sure that all updates were applied before I proceeded. In my case, a number of . NET Framework 4 updates refused to upgrade and we finally had to install them one-by-one – sysadmins, be aware of this problem and be assured that updates can be applied with effort and persistence. Verified that the HBSS 4.6.6 packaged from DISA is the latest version as of 08 AUG 13. During name change (Steps 4.1.5 to 4.1.21) used HBSSEPO002MV; the original DISA name was HBSS2K8-FOC. Also installed VMware Tools, set default suffix (domain) to armycloud.cloud.army.mil, verify networking, activate Windows, and perform reboot. Prior to running DISA HBSS Rename Script (Step 5.1) be sure to update DNS for the HBSS hostname *and* update related PTR record. Not sure if this is required but it is safest to ensure that reverse DNS queries return the expected values. Also, the instructions state that a system reboot is necessary after the script completes but the script doesn’t actually prompt the user to do this reboot. So, I performed a manual reboot after the rename script finished successfully (around 10 minutes to run). Step 6.1 has you login to the e PO Server – the default credentials are admin/Charming1! (the “HBSS Configuration Guide†points this out, but not the “Build From Image Guideâ€. Also, for the master key name used HBSSEPO002MV to match the VM name. After the final reboot (after setting up master key) be sure to set the “Mc Afee e Policy Orchestrator 4.6.6 Event Parser†service to Automatic (and start it). The “Build From Image Guide†has you set it to manual but this results in warnings when you login to the e PO Server console. At this point the e PO Server is ready for standard DISA configuration (next section). Standard HBSS Configuration This section is performed after the pre-built DISA HBSS image has been deployed and the “Build From Image Guide†has been followed. This section is built around the “HBSS 4.6 Configuration Guide†from DISA. Specific steps are highlighted below in each section (based on the Modules breakdown from the DISA Guide). Module 1: e PO Server Policy Configuration Follow the steps in the DISA Guide with notes from below: Steps 1.1 through 1.3 have already been performed in prior section. Step 1.4 is optional and is skipped in D5-141 environment (no remote console). Step 1.7 is skipped as we built from DISA pre-built package. Interjection here on a general note for policy names (for example Step 1.8 for Mc Afee Agent Policy): wherever DISA specifies a policy name we use exactly that name except that every policy name is prefixed with “APG_D5141 -“. This is per DISA recommendations so that our locally-defined policies are always clearly identifiable. As an example, for Step 1.8 we end up with the name “APG_D5141 – e PO Server Agentâ€. Step 1.9: Although this is optional and we do not have “Super Agent Distributed Repository†(SADR) go ahead and configure the policy just to be consistent (and because the SADR policies are referenced in the DISA Guide later). When prompted to enter the host repository name (Step 1.9.14) you may ignore that directive as no SADR agents are actually used. Step 1.13: Trusted Policy Auditor appears already to be setup. No action required. Step 1.14: Create the client trusted applications policy template as documented. Add Symantec by using %PROGRAMFILES%\Symantec\* and %PROGRAMFILES (X86)%\Symantec\* to be sure all apps are allowed. Step 1.15: Local Retina is RETINAX001UT (172.24.4.67). Please keep in mind that our naming convention and IP addresses are based on the fact that we have a *local enclave*. Your own naming conventions / IP address scheme will be different. Step 1.18.2: Typo; Product should be “Host Intrusion Prevention 8.0: Firewallâ€. Same for Step 1.19.2. Step 1.19: Couldn’t find the localhost rule; create one for 127.0.0.0/8 to allow all traffic. Step 1.19.9: Ensure that “Allow Vulnerability Scan†rule is always enabled (noted that this is STIG finding). We are chronically understaffed for admins and our Information Assurance (IA) group runs scans all of the time…most of the time without warning. If we disable vulnerability scans, we get a lot of flack from the IA group. Step 1.19.9: The “Remote Console†rule is modified to allow both the VM (4.52) and physical (1.203) tools boxes, although there is no plan to use these as remote consoles. Step 1.19.13: Ensure that tools VM and the entire physical subnet (172.24.1.0/24) can remote desktop into the HBSS box. The e Policy Orchestrator (e PO) Server is the Mc Afee product name for the HBSS server modules. Step 1.19.15: This is duplicate; ignore. Step 1.19.34: Add both 172.24.4.0/22 and 172.24.1.0/24. Whereever prompted for subnets in following 1.19.x steps, do the same. When prompted for things like “allowed inbound networks†then use 172.24.0.0/16 to allow anything in our local enclave enclave. Step 1.20: For the RSD be sure to specify 172.24.0.0/16. Step 1.23: Approach used is to create site-level subgroup for our environment “APG_D5141†and then subgroups underneath that site-level group. Step 1.23.13: The “IPS Protection (All Platforms)†will need to have the DISA base policy duplicated (step was skipped in the config guide). Step 1.23.20: Another skipped policy; be sure to create Mc Afee Agent -> General -> “Client Agent†policy from the DISA base policy. Then apply to the client agents subgroup. Step 1.23.30: Same as 1.23.30 except for e PO Server. (Remember that “e PO Server” is the name of the Mc Afee software on the DISA HBSS package. )Step 1.23.60: The example names used for the SADR were “Distributed Repository Agent†when the policies were created but are called “SADR Agent†in this step; do not be confused by this!Step 1.24: Ignored this step. This concludes notes on the e PO Server Policy Configuration module. The next HBSS article will cover the extremely lengthy, error-prone, and frustrating configuration of the HBSS package. Access Part 2 of this article here. Follow About Andrew Bruce Team-oriented systems mentor with deep knowledge of numerous software methodologies, technologies, languages, and operating systems. Excited about turning emerging technology into working production-ready systems. Focused on moving software teams to a higher level of world-class application development. Specialties: Software analysis and development... Product management through the entire lifecycle... Discrete product integration specialist!‹ CCNA – Dynagen and Frame Relay Switch [ [FRSW]]HBSS Notes Part 2 of 2 – Configuring the e PO Server ›Tagged with: disa, hbss

D3498786

http://topics.dirwell.com/health/what-is-spermatocele-its-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatment.html

Spermatocele

Spermatocele Do you have a small, painless lump in the scrotum? You may be having a medical condition known as Spermatocele. Know all about Spermatocele – its causes, symptoms and treatment. Spermatocele Definition Spermatocele is an abnormal cyst that appears on the testis or the epididymis. It looks like a lump and usually consists of a milky white fluid that may contain male sperm. It is due to the finding of sperm in the fluid that Spermatoceles are also known as Epididymal Cysts. This unnatural cyst is commonly seen in men who are between 40 and 60 years of age. It is a very common disease affecting about 1/3rd of the male population. Spermatoceles are generally less than half an inch in diameter. But they can also be larger in size. Spermatocele Location For Spermatocele epidydymis is the most common location. Spermatoceles are usually found at the upper part of the epididymis, the small coiled tubular structures located in the higher part of the testicle. These are also seen in the sides or rear position of the testes. Spermatoceles generally lie separate from the testicles. A ultrasound of a spermatocele on the left testicle. Testicle is grey, fluid filled spermatocele is black. Source: Wikimedia Commons Spermatocele Symptoms Spermatoceles have quite a lot of symptoms associated to them. Some of the notable symptoms of Spermatocele are Discomfort What does a Spermatocele feel like? A person affected by this condition normally experiences no discomfort. In people with Spermatocele discomfort may arise if the lump grows too large. It can create problems in wearing dresses, especially undergarments. A swollen Spermatocele can rub with the cloth of the underwear and create great discomfort. Pain Spermatoceles are generally painless. People having Spermatoceles do not experience any pain from these testicular lumps. But in a few cases of Spermatocele painful sensation arises, mainly when the Spermatocele size becomes too large. Heaviness People with a much swollen Spermatocele can experience heaviness in the testicles. Cancer In rare cases of Spermatocele cancerous conditions may also arise. This happens when malignant tumors are mistaken as Spermatoceles. A Spermatocele may also mask other serious complications like Epididymitis, Inguinal Hernia, Varicocele and Hydrocele. Because of a Spermatocele Hydroceles are often difficult to diagnose. Spermatocele Causes The exact reason behind the appearance of Spermatocele is still unclear. Medical experts however, believe that the lump arises due to a blockage in any of the tubes that supplies spermatozoa into the epididymis from the testicles. The cysts are also believed to develop due to an injury or swelling on the skin. A scar on the skin tat obstructs a part of the epididymis can lead to a formation of Spermatocele. Spermatocele Diagnosis Mere observation with naked eyes is often enough to diagnose this condition. But for a proper diagnosis of the disease and to differentiate it from other similar conditions, it is important to perform an ultrasonography of the scrotum. Testicular screening exams should also be carried out to rule out the presence of any cancerous conditions. A manual examination of Spermatocele consists of holding a light up to the scrotum. If the lump is a Spermatocele, light rays will pass through. But cancerous tumors or hernia bums are solid masses and allow no light to go through the. This is usually enough to separate a Spermatocele from a cancerous condition. Spermatocele Treatment Unless the Spermatocele lump causes pain or any discomfort, no treatment is needed. Regular scrotal check-ups and self-exams are necessary for the patient to find out if there is a worsening in the condition of the Spermatocele. In case of a negative change in Spermatocele condition, treatment becomes necessary. Cure is required if the patient feels pain in the groin. Mild cases of pain in the testicles can be treated with over-the-counter medications. If the Spermatocele lumps become too large and cause much discomfort, Spermatocele removal should be carried out as soon as possible. A Spermatocelectomy is required to surgically separate the spermatocele from the epididymis. The groin region is made numb with an anesthetic. A small incision is made in the scrotum. The spermatocele is isolated from the epididymis by tying it away with a suture. The treatment can also be done through Spermatocelectomy. In this method, the scrotum is cut open and the Spermatocele cyst is removed through the opening. This can cause pain after operation and also lead to bruising and even infertility. Sclerotherapy is a less common way used for Spermatocele cure. In this process, a tiny incision is made in the scrotum and a needle is inserted into the lump to drain out the fluid contained in it. A chemical is passed on into the empty sac with the help of an injection. This helps the scar tissue to grow within the sac and prevents the build-up of fluid again. The process can however give rise to risks like bleeding, infection and infertility. In case of a multicystic Spermatocele ultrasound guidance may be applied by the surgeon. This ensures that all the cavities are sucked out. Spermatocele surgery recovery Chances of recovery are quite high after Spermatocele operation. Patients are usually discharged after being applied a pressure dressing over the operated area. Ice packs are pressed upon the operated region for several times for 2-3 days after the operation to minimize inflammation. Oral medications are also administered for 1-2 days after the surgery to reduce pain. Patients take bath from 2 days after surgery. They have to go for a follow-up visit about 2 weeks after the operation and have to wear a scrotal support in the interim period. Will Spermatocele go away? Spermatocele Epididymal cysts generally vanish after a proper surgical operation or drainage. Recurrence of the condition is very low and happens in about 10 to 25% cases of Spermatocele. Spermatocele and Infertility There are many popular theories regarding Spermatocele and fertility. Spermatocele does not usually lead to infertility. However, infertility arises normally after a surgical operation has been carried out on the cyst. As aforementioned, there are risks of infertility from Spermatocelectomy and Sclerotherapy. In case of Spermatocele in children and young males, it is not advisable to carry out such surgeries. It should normally be recommended to people who are old enough to be a father or who have no intention of becoming a parent. A physician should have a clear discussion with the Spermatocele patient before carrying out any Spermatocele repair that may affect the latter’s fertility. Surgeries should be avoided in men who desire to become a parent. Spermatocele Pictures Want to know about the appearance of Spermatoceles? Check out these Spermatocele pictures. These Spermatocele images will give you a fair idea of how these cysts look like. Diagram of a spermatocele Source: emedicine.medscape Spermatocele as seen prior to incision Source: emedicine.medscape Intraoperative view of spermatocele with adjacent testicle and spermatic cord. Source: emedicine.medscape An untreated Spermatocele can grow too large for comfort and also invite other complications like infection, fever, pain and bleeding. So it is best to treat the condition as soon as you detect it. Timely treatment will help you recover much early and live life in the pink of health. References:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatocelehttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-spermatocele.htmhttp://www.medhelp.org/medical-information/show/1066/Spermatocelehttp://urologyhealth.org/adult/index.cfm?cat=11&topic=530http://www.healthscout.com/ency/68/407/main.htmlhttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/443432-treatmenthttp://www.healthcaremagic.com/articles/Spermatocele/7436http://georgiahealthinfo.gov/cms/node/144420http://www.freemd.com/spermatocele/http://www.healthizen.com/health-articles/diseases-conditions/spermatocele.aspx Tags: Spermatocele, Spermatocele and fertility, Spermatocele and infertility, Spermatocele cancer, Spermatocele cure, Spermatocele cyst, Spermatocele definition, Spermatocele diagnosis, Spermatocele discomfort, Spermatocele epididymal cyst, Spermatocele epidydymis, Spermatocele hydrocele, Spermatocele in children, Spermatocele location, Spermatocele operation, Spermatocele pain, Spermatocele painful, Spermatocele picture, Spermatocele pictures, Spermatocele removal, Spermatocele repair, Spermatocele size, Spermatocele surgery, Spermatocele surgery recovery, Spermatocele symptoms, Spermatocele treatment, Spermatocele ultrasound, Spermatoceles, what does a Spermatocele feel like, will Spermatocele go away

D2098657

https://www.glassdoor.com/Salaries/new-york-city-lawyer-salary-SRCH_IL.0,13_IM615_KO14,20.htm

Lawyer Salaries in New York City, NY Area

Lawyer Salaries in New York City, NY Area About This Data3,940 Salaries Updated Apr 9, 2018All Industries Accounting & Legal Aerospace & Defense Architecture & Civil Engineering Arts & Entertainment Automotive Banking & Financial Services Beauty & Fitness Biotech & Pharmaceuticals Business Services Computer Software & Hardware Construction Consulting Consumer Electronics Consumer Services Education & Schools Energy & Utilities Facilities Farming & Agriculture Government Health Care & Hospitals Information Technology Insurance Internet & Tech Manufacturing Marketing & Advertising Media & Publishing Nonprofit Private Security Real Estate Recruiting & Staffing Restaurants & Bars Retail Supermarkets Telecommunications Transportation & Logistics Travel & Tourism Wholesale All Company Sizes0 to 50 Employees51 to 200 Employees201 to 500 Employees501 to 1000 Employees1001 to 5000 Employees5001+ Employees All Years of Experience0-1 Years1-3 Years4-6 Years7-9 Years10-14 Years15+ Years Average Base Pay$129,155/ yr14% above national average Not enough reports to show salary distribution$86K Low$129K Average$190K High Additional Cash Compensation Average $11,611Range $2,225 - $43,481How much does a Lawyer make in New York City, NY? The average salary for a Lawyer is $129,155 in New York City, NY. Salaries estimates are based on 3,940 ... More Salaries for Related Job Titles Attorney $129KGeneral Counsel $266KStaff Attorney $92KAssociate Attorney $137KAssociate Lawyer $137K

D144090

https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-most-reliable-refrigerator-manufacturer

What is the most reliable refrigerator manufacturer?

Michael Grimshaw, Home Appliance Repair Technician, 15 years. Updated Apr 14, 2017 · Author has 473 answers and 1.2m answer views What an excellent question! I am a professional in-home appliance repair technician, and I can tell you most assuredly... it depends. Rule number one: you can't get a more reliable machine by paying more for it. In fact, it's usually the opposite. Computers add hundreds of components to a machine. If one of those components fail, it's new computer time. Repair cost: $200-300. If you can find one, get a fridge without a computer. Rule number two: keep the condenser coils clean. These are the black condenser coils under or behind the fridge. This is how your fridge rejects heat. Low airflow causes the compressor to work 2-4 times harder than it was designed, leading to premature compressor failure. Keep the coils clean and you will have fewer fridge problems. Some designs (of several different brands) actually make it very difficult or impossible to clean the condenser coils. Ask your salesman if you can see them before purchasing a machine. You can then determine how difficult it will be to perform this routine maintenance. While you're back there, look for this fan, they last decades: http://www.appliance-parts-liqui... You should know something about the appliance industry: Planned obsolescence. The manufacturers intend for their machines to be replaced every ten years. Imagine a bell curve with the peak at ten years. Some machines will fail sooner, some later. Engineers attempt to keep the peak of that curve as tall as possible and as tight as possible. Whirlpool is better than the rest at this. Amana used to make a fridge with the coils going up the back of the machine. The omission of a condenser fan (not needed due to natural circulation) means it can't break down, and the coils in that position will probably never get clogged. This machine was built without a computer, just simple mechanical cold controls and defrost timer. You know -- the way all fridges were built 20 years ago. The last one I saw in the wild was manufactured in 2013. If you can still find one, that's the one you want. Keep in mind, you have a "choice" of about five manufacturers, with varying levels of quality from "Poor," to "Awful." Here's my preference, listed in order. Whirlpool (Whirlpool owns Maytag, Amana, Kitchen Aid, Roper, and some Kenmore's are built by Whirlpool.) Frigidaire (Frigidaire owns, or rather is owned by Electrolux, and builds some Kenmore's.) Bosch (Best known for their dishwashers, but has moved into refrigerators and stoves. Used to be excellent quality, but has fallen far.) GE (Also known as Hotpoint. GE employees are given deep discounts for purchasing GE machines, and many still refuse to buy them!) GE’s appliance division was sold to Haier in 2016. LG (If they make cell phones, you probably don't want their appliances. Some Kenmore's are built by LG.) Samsung (See above.) Haier, Danby, and all the others you never heard of: Disposable. I wouldn't put one of those in my home if you gave it to me. If money is no object, get a Sub-Zero and keep the coils clean. You'll be very happy. But don't expect it to last longer. Sub-Zeroes have a habit of losing their gas. So plan on a $500 repair every ten years. Ten years ago I could have told you Whirlpool or Maytag has the most reliable machines. But their most recent machines have had some issues. Leaking water on the floor, for example. And failing to defrost. And the relay for the compressor (on the circuit board) that get stuck in the "on" position. These are normal repair issues to come across, but the first repair incident is happening on younger and younger machines. Worst of all, they run the hot pressurized gas line through the condensate drain. While this might incrementally increase the efficiency of the machine, it also causes a catastrophic failure sooner. The water in the condensate drain pan corrodes the copper tubing, causing an irreparable leak in about.... 10 years and 52 seconds. But all brands have issues. GE's like to quit defrosting. Frigidaire's computers go bonkers. LG's have fan problems, and Samsung blows out circuit boards like they're Kleenex. There isn't a "best" brand. Like I said before, "It depends. "176.9k Views · View Upvoterspromoted by Webstaurant Store Refrigeration to furniture to disposables, we carry it all. Find bigger discounts & faster shipping on your restaurant supplies and equipment!Shop Now at webstaurantstore.com Related Questions More Answers Below What are some reliable refrigerator models? Who manufactures the best refrigerators? What is the most well-designed refrigerator, and why? What are the best refrigerators? Are Electrolux refrigerators reliable? Ask New Question Lolita Rogers, household, love cooking and cleaning my kitchen after that Answered Dec 14, 2015 · Author has 146 answers and 248.8k answer views You should consider a few things:1. Refrigerators with ice makers tend to have more repair problems that refrigerators without an ice maker.2. Refrigerators with the freezer at the bottom are more likely to need repair than top freezer refrigerators.3. Bottom freezer refrigerators of all brands with an ice dispenser are more likely to have problems than bottom freezer refrigerators that do not have an ice dispenser.4. Side-by-Side refrigerators are the most popular models but also the most likely to have repair problems.5. Kenmore refrigerators are produced by many manufacturers such as Whirlpool, GE, LG, Frigidaire & Others. Depending on who manufactures the Kenmore refrigerator you purchase will have a great deal to do with how likely your new refrigerator will need repair.6. Most new Maytag and Amana Refrigerators are built by Whirlpool but may have a few minor cosmetic differences such as shelving quality and orientation. My favorite one is Wine Captain 1000 Series 24" U Line 1175WC)76.2k Views · View Upvoters Your response is private. Is this answer still relevant and up to date? John Crosby, Songwriter, Audio Engineer, Guitarist, Software Developer Answered Apr 18, 2016 · Author has 432 answers and 735.6k answer views My Samsung RS265TDRS has been a HUGE disappointment. No comparison to the Kenmore it replaced that would not die and I finally gave away because it was old and ugly. But still ran. The Samsung suffers from chronic ice buildup in the ducts on the fridge side, if you search Google or You Tube for Samsung refrigerator problems you'll see it's a common issue. The ice buildup can only be solved by defrosting (not very practical). It often causes the condenser fan to fail due to ice blockage. And by the way, you have no front panel indication that the problem is happening because the temperature sensor is located in the ice- encrusted duct and constantly reads 34 degrees on the front panel.. you just notice that your milk goes bad faster. The REALLY sad part is that in reading a lot of these so- called review sites where opinions of many reviewers are aggregated into a list, you find the Samsung on the top of the heap. Why? Think about it. When does a website ask you to write a review? Just after purchase. When you're most satisfied. Not a year or six months later when you've actually lived with the product. I would trust opinions from the likes of Michael Grimshaw and other repair techs far sooner than any site that aggregates buyer opinions. FYI I heard that the side by side GE's are made by Samsung. Don't know how true that is but it wouldn't surprise me.65.6k Views · View Upvoterspromoted by Reheatza Make homemade pizza right in the microwave. You can enjoy crispy pizza, grilled cheese and even french fries right from the microwave. Read More at reheatza.com Carina Reilich, Comparing products and prices at Comparaboo.com Answered Feb 7, 2016 · Author has 246 answers and 505.8k answer views Most refrigerators you see in the market would have passed stringent quality checks and assurances. The most reliable refrigerator manufacturers would be one that has received the best reviews from consumers and experts alike. Here is our list of the Best Refrigerators 2016 | Refrigerator Reviews - Comparaboo According to thousands of consumer reviews, expert blog articles, and manufacturer sales data, Frigidaire emerged tops as the most preferred refrigerator manufacturer. Frigidaire was originally founded as the Guardian Frigerator Company, which created the first self-container refrigerator in 1916. Today, it is the American consumer and commercial appliances brand subsidiary of European parent company Electrolux. Check out our list for more reliable refrigerator manufacturers and models: Best Refrigerators 2016 | Refrigerator Reviews - Comparaboo Good luck!33.7k Views · View Upvoters Rachel X Miranda, Dreamer, Lover, Blogger, Runner, Hot and Romantic Answered Apr 7, 2018For most reliable refrigerator, I will have to give it to LG. I personally use LG Double Door Frost free refrigerator and it is one of the best when it comes to “Reliability”. Here are few reasons of why LG is the best. Build Quality: Just compare the quality of plastic in LG and in Samsung/ Whirlpool / Godrej or any other brand. You will see that the quality of Fiber and Plastic of LG is far superior. Same way, also check quality of Rubber gasket, hinges in the door, ice tray, door racks… every where you will find LG’s build quality is better. Check this detailed review: LG Frost Free Refrigerator Review LG has much better After Sales Service and availability of parts for their refrigerators, compared to other brands.85 Views · View Upvoters Z Frost Answered Feb 13, 2018I have more than 15 years working in residential refrigeration. In my modest opinion, I’d like to make a list, from best to worst, of the more reliable cooling systems in the US market (excluding luxury units like Subzero, Viking, etc) based on the life of the sealed system, that means all the components who are related to it (compressor/s, and coil/s), I haven’t consider the rest of components in this list (accessories like icemakers, dispensers, user interface, etc, etc.) because I wanted to focus on the main purpose of a fridge, cooling. Yes, there are components that affect the cooling to like fans, sensors, PCBs, dampers, etc but this is a general list, it’ll be difficult and extensive to explain all the details in each kind of fridge. This is the list from best to worst during the last 10 years. Talking strictly about compressors, I believe GE have the best and LG the worst.1- GE brands2- Whirlpool brands3- Electrolux brands4- Bosch brands5- Samsung6- Kenmore (made by LG)7- LGNote: GE was sold to a Chinese brand (Haier) about two years ago, I hope they continue the same quality. Anyway, the more reliable design (it doesn’t mean the more efficient or the nicest) residential refrigerator is the one with single evaporator, top freezer, two doors, no icemaker, no dispenser.2.1k Views · View Upvoters Bruno Skiba, Network Technician at Judge.com (2017-present)Answered Dec 16, 2014I purchased a Samsung bottom freezer drawer with french doors and inside chilled water dispenser, now going on over 9 years, literally zero issues. Dual zone climate means my leftovers don't mess with my frozen foods. I'll check the coils since Michael mentioned it and it sounds like solid advise; I know that overheating tends to kill appliances and electronics like the plague so kudos for that. I'm just a homeowner so I'm just stating my opinion and experience with the product, which has been superior. Michael states he repairs these things, so take that into consideration too. I was deeply disappointed with my selection of Maytag for my gas stove, microwave, and dishwasher. My wife bought a Maytag washer/dryer pair and they've been truly excellent. That said: The microwave: handle broke off - it's a build-in model that doubles as a vent and it sucks (or doesn't) at that. It doesn't heat very well, and now it's starting to have problems with the door switch. Definitely won't recommend their microwaves. The oven: It was set to use Natural Gas by default. Since we use propane, I had to switch the pilots myself and the ratings for propane are lower than natural gas (installer issue, I know, still it was an issue.) Stupid hard to clean, grates are cast with some kind of coating which wears out. Digital oven controls fail if you bake with a high steam concentration. It just looks awful. I literally can't get it clean at this point. Thumbs down. The dishwasher is solid except for a piece that broke off on the bottom - some water level float I think. Not thrilled with it, but it works well. It works best with cascade packs. Much better results with those if I'm washing plastic containers. Most everything else comes out clean. It's useless on stock pots or anything deep. I just hand-wash those. Unit is quiet (I can set it overnight and not have it wake me up). Nice stainless interior is still in great shape. It's stood up quite well. Regards, Bruno PS: Got a GE fridge for my in-law apartment and although it works, it's noisy.46.9k Views · View Upvoters Ken Streiff, 41 years of building Answered Apr 25, 2015 · Author has 1.7k answers and 2.2m answer views As Michael Grimshaw has already answered quite exhaustively, I defer except to offer one suggestion: Look in to reading Consumer Reports magazine's buying guides and reports for additional guidance. Oh, and remember, in this society one of the most important factors driving sales of even what we used to call durable goods is style and design. It is an entirely fabricated demand, driven by want as opposed to need. Reliability has taken a back seat to design because the demand for style has outstripped the demand for durability and reliability years ago. In a sense it is "make-work", and planned obsolescence is a big part of that economic model.53.4k Views · View Upvoters Rathi Raj Answered Jan 12, 2018 · Author has 106 answers and 12.4k answer views The most reliable refrigerator’s manufacturer: Manufacturers come out with new models and type of refrigerators every year and the most reliable company in the past might be just average today or even poor quality. Also, every company will have good models and bad models so instead of focusing on which manufacturer to buy from, it's better to look at specific refrigerator models instead but make sure that you would choose the models with good reviews. When buying a fridge, there are several types to choose from: Top Freezer - Least expensive and has the most storage relative to their size. Bottom Freezer - Freezer is on the bottom and fridge usually has 2 doors. French Door (style) - Also a bottom freezer but usually has 3-4 doors. Side by Side - Good for narrow kitchens but aren't efficient in terms of space compared to the other types. Compact - Small and made for saving space. Usually inexpensive but doesn't have much storage space.3k Views · View Upvoters Polly Adams, Home Appliance Blogger Answered Oct 29, 2017Finding best refrigerator in India. Source - Top 10 Best Double Door frost Free Refrigerators in India Best Refrigerator India Things to keep in mind while buying a refrigerator1) Energy Ratings of a Refrigerator: Those refrigerators that come with an Energy Star rating can save at least 20% of energy at an average. Higher energy ratings can reduce utility bills and are environment friendly as well.2) Though stainless steel variants come at a higher price tag, they are timeless and easy in maintenance. Also Read:refrigerator price in indiarefrigerator onlinefridge online , fridge pricelg refrigerator double door3) Fridge Capacity vs Requirement: Choose your fridge size and capacity according to number of members in your family or your requirement. Most double door refrigerators can support a family of 3-4 whereas Door to Door refrigerators usually have a storage space for up to 6 people. Benefits of Double Door Refrigerators1) Large Refrigerator Capacity: Double door refrigerators usually come in 235 to 550L capacity and thus suits well for a family of 4-6 members. Source - Best Refrigerator India2) Space Segregation: Obviously, double door refrigerators are most preferred by those who want to keep the freezer section separate from the main section and create a spacious room. Top 10 Double Door Refrigerators1) Whirlpool 300L FP 313DFamed with the Good Design Award 2015, this unit is one of amongst the most decent choices under 35k. Fresh frozen, food and vegetable zone keeps away the odour from mixing. It’s a great pick for the summers for its features like insulated doors, quick ice making, door alarms, cosmetic storage block and more. Source - Best Refrigerator India Special Features:300L Gross Capacity6th sense Active Fresh Technology. Air boosters, Fresh Keeper, Micro Block and Moisture Retention Technology.3 door format. Cosmetic and Choco Box. Eco and Auto power mode to save electricity. Pros: No energy star rating but it is said to be really energy efficient. Stabilizer free operation.3 Door Format prevents odour mixing and optimizes space. Cons: Little noisy. No LED lights for the freezer. Check Price : Amazon | Flipkart Also Read:refrigerator price in indiarefrigerator onlinefridge online , fridge pricelg refrigerator double door2) Whirlpool IF 355 ELT 340LThis unit comes with the technology of keeping food crisp and fresh with its 6thsense Intelli Fresh technology and Fruit crisper unit with Micro Block. Source - Best Refrigerator India Special Features:360L gross capacity6th sense Intelli Fresh with deep freeze technology automatically senses and optimizes cooling. Anti-bacterial filters Active Deo and Freshonizer that keeps the refrigerator odour free and fresh.3 intellisensors and user interface panel. Pros: Food stays fresh and intact for a long period of time. Efficient storage space Stabilizer free operation Anti- bacterial filters prevents aerial bacteria to enter into the internal portion of the fridge. Cons:2 star energy rating No door lock and no freezer light Check Price : Amazon | Flipkart Also Read:refrigerator price in indiarefrigerator onlinefridge online , fridge pricelg refrigerator double door Thanks for reading !7.5k Views · View Upvoters Ken Knudson, 30 years in refrigerator safety/energy efficiency compliance. Answered Jun 15, 2016 · Author has 164 answers and 132.5k answer views As judged by a leading consumer product rating organization, no single manufacturer ranks as the most reliable for all types, sizes and variations of refrigerator. But a quick scan of the 2016 ratings indicates that LG, GE, and Frigidaire consistently rank at or near the top for Top Freezer, Side by Side and French Door styles (the most common types in the market), with Kenmore leading the pack in the Bottom Freezer category. Unfortunately, only time will tell how this year’s rankings hold up over the long haul.33k Views · View Upvoters · Answer requested by Debra Salish and Avery Heavenrich Harms Kitchen, Kitchen Designer in Winnipeg Answered Apr 20, 2017Manufacturers come out with new models and type of refrigerators every year and the most reliable company in the past might be just average today or even poor quality. Also, every company will have good models and bad models so instead of focusing on which manufacturer to buy from, it's better to look at specific refrigerator models instead but make sure that you would choose the models with good reviews. You can check reviews on any models of the refrigerators on amazon, google and etc. Of course, best selling doesn't always mean best quality or most reliable. It usually means best reasonable price but what's important are the reviews. You'll see some random manufacturers but see what others have to say about the specific models. When buying a fridge, there are several types to choose from: Top Freezer - Least expensive and has the most storage relative to their size. Bottom Freezer - Freezer is on the bottom and fridge usually has 2 doors. French Door (style) - Also a bottom freezer but usually has 3-4 doors. Side by Side - Good for narrow kitchens but aren't efficient in terms of space compared to the other types. Compact - Small and made for saving space. Usually inexpensive but doesn't have much storage space. A big factor that determines the quality of a refrigerator is how consistent it keeps the temperature. Another thing to consider is how much energy it takes. The more it takes, the more your electricity bill will be. Now even if you have a good refrigerator, you need to take care of it. Well maintain fridge will last longer, please do regularly condenser coils cleaning and defrosting the fridge when it is needed. Of the manufacturers out there, Whirlpool, GE and Frigidaire are you best options as far a quality versus price but again, like most companies, they also have poorly made models. So choose based on the reviews and ratings of specific refrigerator models instead. If you want a cool looking fridge and can drop several grand, maybe get a Sub-Zero fridge. Here is the list in order from most reliable to the least one, from one of the experienced technicians.1. Whirlpool (Whirlpool owns Maytag, Amana, Kitchen Aid, Roper, and some Kenmore's are built by Whirlpool.)2. Frigidaire (Frigidaire owns, or rather is owned by Electrolux, and builds some Kenmore's.)3. Bosch (Best known for their dishwashers, but has moved into refrigerators and stoves. Used to be excellent quality, but has fallen far in the past few years)4. GE (Also known as Hotpoint. GE employees are given deep discounts for purchasing GE machines, and many still refuse to buy them)5. LG (If they make cell phones and all other electronics, you probably don't want their appliances since it is not their main focus. Some Kenmore's are built by LG.)6. Samsung (The Samsung suffers from many issues but the most common is ice buildup in the ducts on the fridge side, if you search Google or You Tube for Samsung refrigerator problems.)7. Haier, Deawoo, and all the others you never heard of: Disposable. I wouldn't put one of those in my home if you gave it to me. If money is no object, get a Sub-Zero and keep the coils clean. You'll be very happy. But don't expect it to last longer. Sub-Zeroes have a habit of losing their gas. So plan on a $500-$1000 repair every ten years. Please pay attention on the following things when you consider to buy a new refrigerator:1. Refrigerators with ice makers tend to have more repair problems that refrigerators without an ice maker.2. Refrigerators with the freezer at the bottom are more likely to need repair than top freezer refrigerators.3. Bottom freezer refrigerators of all brands with an ice dispenser are more likely to have problems than bottom freezer refrigerators that do not have an ice dispenser.4. Side-by-Side refrigerators are the most popular models but also the most likely to have repair problems.5. Kenmore refrigerators are produced by many manufacturers such as Whirlpool, GE, LG, Frigidaire, others. Depending on who manufactures the Kenmore refrigerator you purchase will have a great deal to do with how likely your new refrigerator will need repair.6. Most new Maytag and Amana Refrigerators are built by Whirlpool but may have a few minor cosmetic differences such as shelving quality and orientation. Source: What is the most reliable refrigerator’s manufacturer? You Might Like Also: Winnipeg Kitchen Appliances - Bosch Thermador & Gaggenau14.9k Views Stephen Murray, Appliance repair & Installation in Consett UKAnswered Sep 28, 2016 · Author has 70 answers and 90.3k answer views The oldest known fridge in the UK was bought in Malaysia in 1958, was made by General Electric and has not needed any service, repair, parts or maintenance, since. I am so glad they are not all made this way - I couldn’t make a living, if they were! All makes are liable to certain failures, you can buy cheap buy twice if you get an unknown brand. Bosch is pretty reputable, but they are a little pricier. It depends what kind of refrigerator you want, where it is for, the capacity you need and it’s usage.26.1k Views · Answer requested by John Reviewer Celas Nelson Answered Feb 18, 2018Based on the way the market is your going to get what you pay for. Samsung and LG are the most popular because they have good designs and are very modern…but. Parts are expensive and could go out several times if they try something new. Not very many techs are willing to even touch these because they are digital. You could have the same problem but have 20 different fixes. Digital is Computer based Analog is gear based Do you prefer the clock you have to plug into the wall (digital)Or Do you prefer the clock that has a gear box and will work the same way everyday. Good luck7 year experienced in home appliance repairman779 Views · View Upvoters Arpit Kakkar Answered Jul 1, 2017In India, there are many dealers and suppliers of laboratory refrigerators like portable refrigerators which are immensely popular across the world. Meditech is one of the renown manufacturer company which deal with all research equipment. Deep freezers or laboratory refrigerators are an important device which is use to store vaccines, blood samples, cerebral-spinal fluid, microbiological procured specimens and other things at a specified temperature. Laboratory refrigerators offer much low temperature to prevent vaccines from spoil. The standard model of this device is now replaced by more advanced one with some latest technologies. Laboratory refrigerators are made up high-quality materials and require less maintenance. Now user can customize this product according to their requirement. As compared to a household refrigerator, laboratory refrigerators are more efficient and reliable for storing such sensitive samples and they are quite expensive as it uses two composers to maintain the inside temperature of the unit.4.4k Views Charles Stuart, I use household appliances!Answered Jun 29, 2016 · Author has 3.4k answers and 2.9m answer views In the UK, it’s my experience that refrigerators are the appliance least likely to go wrong. They last and last and I’m sure that I know some people with models that are over forty years old. The main reason for getting a new fridge is wanting one that’s larger, followed by wanting one that’s more efficient or that coordinates with a new kitchen. That the old one’s broken is unusual, though certain brands do seem to go wrong. When they do go wrong, a dead condenser means buy a new one but if the coolant leaks out, it can often be repaired and recharged. My guess is that fridges may be more reliable in the UK than in the US because of the 230V mains supply and the less extreme climate, which means that the cooling mechanism is under less stress. In my experience, LG, Samsung and Smeg (don’t giggle!) are the most reliable commonly purchased fridges in the UK. Zanussi also sell quite a lot, as do Hotpoint but I don’t know how reliable they are.27.3k Views Tait Leaney, Appliance Repairs in Canberra ACTAnswered Oct 31, 2016 · Author has 318 answers and 163.8k answer views The most reliable is going to be the one with the longest in-home warranty. This is because it costs the manufacturer a lot of money to complete the repair, so they will want to make sure they pass this period. Who that is right now? Thats for you to research. Manufacturers in different countries have different parent companies. From a general perspective, I get alot of good feedback from Electrolux.1.8k Views · Answer requested by Kevin Beach Sam Cherian, Specialty Appliances & Modular Kitchens !Answered Jul 13, 2015 · Author has 76 answers and 165.1k answer views You will first have to come to agree what feature define reliability in refrigerator. the call now is for (A) efficiency A+.and A++ (B) service and spare access / turn around time (C) capacity vs price comparisons Refrigerators are an evolved product with very little scope for innovation except certain fringe features which are primarily differentiation tools. If I had to decide on one and since reliability involves people , product and support networks I would consider that studied public opinion is good to go by..28.2k Views Salahuddin Ahmed, lives in The United States of America (2011-present)Answered Aug 29, 2017I love Samsung Brand because they are trusted and products are cheap compare with high technology. Recently I bought refrigerator from them and I am happy from my experiences. If you would like to see their model you can check at Amazon. Here, you will find world best refrigerator to ship to your at no time!2k Views Arthur Telian, CEO of Max Global Appliance Repair Orange County CAAnswered Jun 30, 2016 · Author has 55 answers and 87.9k answer views The answer is not definite. It depends on the style. For example, if you want bottom-freezer whether conventional or French door, then I will recommend you Electrolux. If you prefer side-by-side, I believe Samsung is the best choice. Here is an article for detailed information: Top 3 High End Appliance Brands You Want to Have at Home21.8k Views1 2 Next →

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What is Hair Made of?

What is Hair Made of? Hair is a fascinating thing. Humans are one of the only mammals to have a “naked” appearance with the majority of our hair concentrated on top of our heads. We are also unique in the length that our hair will grow. No other animals resort to cutting their hair the way that we do. One of the most interesting things about hair is how it’s made. If you have ever wondered what is the construction of hair, you may be surprised to find out how complex such simple looking structures really are. There has been a lot of research done into the construction of hair as companies have sought to discover ways to grow your hair fuller and stronger than ever before. Hair Follicles Hair grows from hair follicles, which are embedded below the skin on your scalp. The portion of the strand of hair that is in the hair follicle is known as the root. The part that you can see, touch and style is called the hair strand. At the base of the root in the hair follicle is the hair bulb. The bulb is where nutrients are converted into new hair cells. As cells are made, they are added to the base of the hair stand in the portion known as the “bulb”. Older parts of the hair are pushed outward, lengthening the strand in a process that’s commonly referred to as growth. The newest part of your visible hair is the part located the closest to your head. Each hair follicle is connected to your body’s blood supply. This allows nutrients to be transported to the hair follicle for new growth. The blood supply is also connected to an oil producing gland and a small muscle that allows the hair to stand on end or lay flat. Keratinization As hair is pushed up through the hair follicle and towards the surface of your scalp, it goes through a process known as keratinization. The hair cells fill with fibrous proteins and lose their nucleus. By the time the hair reaches the surface, it’s nothing more than a complex system of interwoven protein-rich fibers. Proteins and Hair A large portion of your hair is nothing more than protein. Proteins are series of long, connected amino acids known as polypeptides. Polypeptides can form side bonds with one another, leading to the thick strands of hair you recognize. There are three types of bonds that hold hair together. The weakest bonds can be altered with the use of heat and water, thus the ability to style your hair with products like curling irons and flat irons. Other bonds can be altered with permanent chemical treatments such as waves and relaxers. Now that you know what is the construction of hair, you can use this knowledge to better understand your tresses. Use the knowledge to find ways to treat your hair better, preserving it’s beauty and luster. Filed under Learn About Hair | Leave a comment

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http://www.flight-durations.com/Newark-to-London-Heathrow-Airport

What is the flight time from Newark to London Heathrow Airport?

What is the flight time from Newark to London Heathrow Airport? Newark to London Heathrow Airport flight time Whether you’re flying to London in United Kingdom for a family holiday, business trip or a romantic getaway, sometimes the duration of the flight can be a major factor in the planning of your break. London can be a great holiday destination for exploring, seeing the amazing sites and spending time with the family. We have sourced the latest deals on flights and hotels in the London, United Kingdom to help you plan your trip. Newark to London Heathrow Airport (LHR) flight time. The average flight time of a direct flight is 6 hours, 46 minutes with a distance of 3,455 miles / 5,560 km. Looking for flights and hotels for a weekend getaway, holiday or vacation or maybe a long break away with family and friends. We have sourced the best rates and deals on flights, car hire, hotels and airport parking. How long will your Flight take? Check your Flight Duration times from Newark to London Heathrow Airport now with this simple to use site!

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How much does it cost for a sperm donation in the UK?

Pregnancy & Parenting Trying to Conceive How much does it cost for a sperm donation in the UK? So we'r just generally discussing kids and wanted to know how much it costs a time. Thanks. Follow 7 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ________ . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . ,.-‘”. . . . . . . . . .``~., . . . . . . . .. . . . . .,.-”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .“-., . . . . .. . . . . . ..,/. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ”:, . . . . . . . .. .,?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .\, . . . . . . . . . /. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,} . . . . . . . . ./. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,:`^`.} . . . . . . . ./. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,:”. . . ./ . . . . . . .?. . . __. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :`. . . ./ . . . . . . . /__. 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(. . . ;_,,-” . . . . . ../.`~,. . ..`-.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..\. . /\ . . . . . . \`~.*-,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..|,./.....\,__ ,,_. . . . . }.>-._\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .|. . . . . . ..`=~-, . .. `=~-,_\_. . . `\,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .\ . . . . . . . . . .`=~-,,.\,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .\ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . `:,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . `\. . . . . . ..__ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .`=-,. . . . . . . . . .,%`>--==`` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _\. . . . . ._,-%. . . ..`miss priss · 7 years ago0 0 Comment Sperm Bank Uk Cost Source (s):https://shrinks.im/a9Kw W? · 1 year ago0 0 Comment Yes, you can get sperm on the NHS- go and ask your local GP for details. You can also pay privately- although if thats the case you might want to consider using a US sperm bank- you order online and it is shipped to your UK address. The cost of the shipping and the deposit on the container that keeps it cold (which is refundable on return) can mount up- but the actual donations are only a couple of hundred dollars. Of course if you dont getpregnant you can lose a lot of money. Or connect with a local donor and make a private arrangement- for example there are over 1250 UK men willing to donate for free (AI only-no fees) to FSDW members. You just pay the membership fee to join and connect- the rest is up to you. The huge benefit of this (other than the costs) is that you get to choose a donor- and can get as much info as possible- as your child will want this. Many donors are happy for the child to contact him when and if they feel ready. You can read about what kind of things to ask on the Donor Dad questionnaire on the 'Children Deserve to Know Where They Comw From' campaign site. In the UK you can get your chosen donor tested fo HIV and STDs at any local NHS clinic. The risk with fresh sperm of course is that it hasnt been tested and quarantind for six months. The child has to be your number one priority - so I would choose a donor privately- and if you are a gay coupl then allow the child to have a relationship with him as 'donor dad'- most children want to know of their biological origins- an 1 in 3 want to meet him- and it has to be a right you allow them to have, if you are to put their needs first. You will always e the 'real' parents- so doesnt have tobe threatening. FSDW link below Source (s):http://www.free-sperm-donations.com http://www.childrendeservetoknow.com Emma · 7 years ago1 0 Comment Do I think lesbian couples should be allowed sperm donations? Yes. Just because some idiotic couple was irresponsible doesn't mean the rest will be. To be honest, I think they should sue the WOMAN for child support because if both women chose sperm donation to conceive a child together than that baby belongs to them not the donor. With that being said, the donor should not be held accountable therefore he should not pay, the woman does. After all the baby was conceived for them not him. Thank God, I'm not a politician because if I was, this sort of thing would not be allowed!? · 2 years ago0 0 Comment Buy Sperm Online Uk Source (s):https://shrink.im/ba RQclenhart · 2 years ago0 0 Comment I don't think it is covered by NHS. A private clinic charges about 1000 pounds per try (and I read that if you are over 30, it has only a 20% success rate per try). Doesn't cost as much in the US, but then my hubby is the donor. We are using IUI because they can spin sperm and increase the chances of having a girl. Carbon Dated · 7 years ago0 0 Comment This Site Might Help You. RE: How much does it cost for a sperm donation in the UK? So we'r just generally discussing kids and wanted to know how much it costs a time. Thanks. Source (s):cost sperm donation uk: https://shortly.im/kn ZLr Nadeen · 3 years ago0 0 Comment You buying or selling? A donation is of course free (& relatively easy to 'conjure up' I presume)? · 7 years ago0 0 Comment Maybe you would like to learn more about one of these? Portfolio Management Options Want to buy a domain name? Considering an online college? Find Moving Container Services

D131481

https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/042415/what-difference-between-bill-exchange-and-promissory-note.asp

What is the difference between a bill of exchange and a promissory note?

A: A bill of exchange is a written agreement between two parties – the buyer and the seller – used primarily in international trade. It is documentation that a purchasing party has agreed to pay a selling party a set sum at a predetermined time for delivered goods. The buyer or seller typically employs a bank to issue the bill of exchange due to the risks involved with international transactions. For this reason, bills of exchange are sometimes also referred to as bank drafts. Bills of exchange can be transferred by endorsement, much like a check. They can also require the buyer to pay a third party – a bank – in the event that the buyer fails to make good on his agreement with the seller. With such a stipulation, the buyer's bank will pay the seller's bank, thereby completing the bill of exchange, then pursue its customer for repayment. Promissory Notes Promissory notes are similar to bills of exchange in that they, too, are a financial instrument that is a written promise by one party to pay another party. They are debt notes that provide financing for either a company or an individual from a source other than a traditional lender, most commonly one of the parties in a sales transaction. In the United States, promissory notes have historically been limited in usage to corporations or high-net-worth individuals, but have recently become more commonly used, primarily in real estate transactions. Promissory notes are retained by the payee or seller and, once payment has been completed, must be canceled and returned to the issuer or buyer. In terms of legal enforceability, a promissory note is more formal than an IOU, but less so than a standard bank loan.

D2392593

http://www.excite.com/events/theater-tickets/Cma-Awards/index.php

Cma Awards Tickets

CMA Awards have been taking place for almost five decades now and certainly have earned a respectable status in terms of country awards over the past years. The show pattern has remained more or less the same over the past few years. There are twelve categories of the awards such as Entertainer of the Year, New Artist, Vocal Duo, Vocal Group, Musical Event, Song of the Year, Album of the Year, Single of the Year, Musician and Video of the Year. Apart from these there are also nine other awards which are presented to National personality of the Year and radio presenters of channels that have been named Station of the Year. The award show itself is a big extravaganza with live performances from the most famous and admired country musicians. Currently the awards are broadcasted by ABC TV. For three decades the CMA Awards were held at the Grand Ole Pry House in Nashville till 2004. In 2005 the ceremony took place at the huge Madison Square Garden but since then the event is being held at the Bridgestone Arena in Nashville Tennessee. In 1967 first ever awards were held at Nashville’s Municipal Auditorium but this event was not televised. This first year famous country artist Eddy Arnold was given The Artists of the Year Award, Song of The Year Award went to "There Goes My Everything" this song was also awarded Single of the Year and Album of the Year Award, Male Vocalist of the year was Jack Greene, Female Vocalist of the Year was won by the legendary Loretta Lynn. The latest awards till date were held in the year 2010 at the Bridgestone Arena. At this event Braid paisley was given Entertainer of the Year Award, Miranda Lambert won three awards namely Album of the Year, Music Video of the Year and Female Vocalist of the Year. Lady Antebellum won Vocal Group of the Year and Single of the Year. Blake Shelton won the Male Vocalist of the Year whereas Mac Mc Anally was named Musician of the Year. Some artists have registered multiple CMA Award wins like Kenney Chesney and Garth Brooks have won Entertainer of the Year Award four times each. Reba Mc Entire has won the most Female Vocalist of the Year Award followed by Carrie Underwood who has won it three times. Vince Gail and George Strait both have won Male Vocalist of the Year Award five times. Vince Gail also holds the unique record of being the host of CMA Awards continuously for twelve years. Some of the artists that have been inducted in the famous Country Music Hall of Fame are Red Foley, Gene Autry, Bill Monroe, Jimmie Davis, Pee Wee King, Paul Cohen, Kitty Wells, Sons of the Prisoners, Johnny Cash, Roy Horton, Lefty Frizzell and Little Jimmy Dickens. Fans CMA Awards this year will again feature some of the greatest names of Country Music and this time the organizers have planned it much bigger and colorful. The event will be a vibrant melodious evening that can’t be missed at any cost, so get your CMA Awards Tickets only from us and we assure you that it will be a memorable evening of your life!CMA Awards scheduled to be held at the Bridgestone Arena on November 8th will be hosted by Brad Paisley and Carrie Underwood for the tenth time in a row. Paisley stated, “Just the fact that the CMA asked us again, I am very flattered and honored.”

D2990199

https://www.texture.com/magazines/diabetic-living-magazine/

Everything you need to know about your plan

Everything you need to know about your plan$14.99/mo. First 30 days FREE when you sign up Unlimited access to all weekly magazines Unlimited access to all monthly magazines Includes all back issues App available on the most popular tablets and smartphones Access on up to 5 devices per account No commitment, cancel online anytime Subscribe today

D1296461

http://people.com/archive/tobacco-heir-steven-benson-is-accused-in-the-bombing-death-of-his-mother-vol-25-no-20/

Tobacco Heir Steven Benson Is Accused in the Bombing Death of His Mother

Harry Hitchcock had spent a quarter-century building his once-modest Lancaster Leaf Tobacco Co. into one of the largest importers of cigar tobacco in America when in 1955, at age 58, he twice collapsed from exhaustion. Taking his infirmity as a sign from on high, he became a born-again Christian. “Money does not buy happiness,” he explained to his family. It was not a strikingly original observation, nor did it deflect Hitchcock from his entrepreneurial course: He ran the company for another decade before his retirement. Now, at least with regard to Hitchcock’s own unfortunate family, the comment can be seen as grimly prophetic. One morning last July, as the dew was still rising in humid Naples, Fla., a Chevy Suburban truck carrying Steven Benson’s mother, sister and adopted brother was torn apart by two massive explosions. Steven’s mother, Margaret Hitchcock Benson, and the brother, Scott, were killed instantly; his sister, Carol Lynn Kendall, was thrown clear and survived, though she was badly burned. One month later Steven was indicted by a Collier County grand jury on two counts of homicide and one of attempted murder. Police said they believed the 34-year-old businessman had planted bombs in the truck and set them off with a remote control device. The presumed motive: money. As recently as a year ago, the very suggestion might have seemed ludicrous. Margaret, Steven’s mother, was Harry Hitchcock’s daughter and the heir to his fortune. Her wealth was estimated at $10 million, and Steven Benson stood to inherit a third of that. But perhaps he could not wait. From the time he turned 21, the bespectacled young man had shown an inordinate passion for spending his mother’s money. Then, last summer, police say, he learned that not only had she decided to turn off the cash, she was about to cut him out of her will. At that point, authorities conclude, he decided to kill her. Margaret’s sister, Janet Murphy, was not entirely shocked by the charges. “You had to know Steven,” she explained later. “He was different.”Certainly his childhood had not been conventional. Born in Baltimore, Steven Benson grew up in a 17-room mansion outside Lancaster, Pa. He always wore the finest clothes, and in high school he drove an MG. A friend from earlier childhood remembers, “He even had an elevator for his tree house.” But, according to people who knew him, the toys came with strings attached. Steven’s father was Edward Benson, a former Navy pilot who joined Lancaster Leaf shortly after World War II, married the boss’s daughter and took over when Hitchcock stepped down. Edward, who died in 1980, was a distant man whom people remember as having been always away on business. Steven felt rejected, say friends, and came to see his possessions as compensation for his parents’ indifference. “It was carrot-and-stick from day one,” says Mike Minney, a Lancaster lawyer. “Everything Steven owned was in Daddy’s name. The threat was always there that if Steven didn’t behave, he would be cut off.”So Steven behaved, at least at first. He played tennis in high school and got average grades. Early on he had shown a talent for electronics; his mother liked to boast that he had assembled a television set before he was 10. Later he designed and often installed the security systems for the family’s homes in Montreal, New Jersey and Florida. But things began to go wrong when Steven reached 18. In 1969 he enrolled at Franklin and Marshall College in Lancaster. He dropped out three times, and never made it past his sophomore year. He also gave up on a landscaping business he had started with money borrowed from his father. The company had been thoroughly equipped (“If there was a right-handed edger, we had it,” says a former employee. “If there was a left-handed edger, we had it”) but less thoroughly planned. Overlooking these failures, Steven’s parents bought him and his new wife, Nancy Ferguson, a modest home near Lancaster. The pattern of failure and reward would repeat itself in the next 16 years, according to friends. In 1972 Steven began an undistinguished career as a low-ranking executive at Lancaster Leaf. In 1979 he divorced Nancy and remarried. With his new wife, Debra Franks Larson, he moved into a new home, provided by his parents, directly across the street from their own. Then, in 1980, Steven’s father died of cancer. Within a month the son quit Lancaster Leaf to found United International Industries, a tobacco-importing firm that would have competed directly with the family business. But friends say that United International was never more than a gesture, and it died within a year. Five months later Steven signed an agreement to purchase Norwood, a 17-acre estate near Columbia, Pa., for $240,000. Most of the payments were left to his mother. Then, suddenly, he moved to Florida, where she had gone after her husband’s death. Payments on the Norwood property stopped, and it was eventually repossessed. Naples, Fla. is a quiet city, a last harborage for retirees in pink-and-green madras jackets and wraparound skirts. Steven Benson was not conspicuous there, but perhaps more attention should have been paid. One day in 1982, according to court papers, a roofer on his mother’s Lancaster estate had seen him strolling toward the family tennis courts holding three one-inch copper tubes from which wires protruded. Several seconds later three explosions shook the air, and the worker saw Steven holding a small black box with two push buttons, one red and one white. The roofer would eventually testify that Steven was laughing. At the time, Margaret Benson was busy in Naples, setting up a $475,000 waterfront home with gold doorknobs, statuaries and an Olympic-sized pool. And she was concerned about her adopted son, Scott, who, according to court documents, was really the illegitimate son of Steven’s older sister, Carol Lynn. As a child Scott had revered his older “brother.” At 18, he was rumored to be a heavy user of cocaine, had been named defendant in a 1983 paternity suit and had been hospitalized briefly under a Florida statute requiring the institutionalization of people who are suicidal, homicidal or unable to care for themselves. “Mother was scared of Scott,” Carol Lynn testified later. “I was scared of Scott.”Steven, meanwhile, seemed to be exacting a kind of revenge on his mother. According to testimony at a hearing last September, he refused to allow her to see her three grandchildren or to call his home. Yet Carol Lynn has said he was also borrowing money from Margaret to finance an 11-company enterprise entitled Meridian World Group. Meridian, headquartered in a trailer, was supposed to be involved in a variety of businesses, but Steven ran it according to form. “He never followed up on leads,” says an employee. “He tied up the phones for hours, so we couldn’t utilize the leads ourselves.” According to prosecutors, $2 million of Margaret Benson’s money found its way into the businesses. But there was a limit to her tolerance. Early in 1985, at Steven’s request, Margaret had given him two blank checks to help him meet a $3,000 payroll for one of the companies. Instead, according to Margaret Benson’s secretary, he made the checks out for $50,000 and $75,000 and presented them as a down payment on a house in nearby Fort Myers. “I’ve never seen mother so upset over anything,” Carol Lynn testified later. “She said, ‘That’s the straw that broke the camel’s back.’ ” Margaret also said, according to Carol Lynn, that she wouldn’t put it past Steven to murder her. Not long afterward, she asked her attorney to redraft her will, excluding Steven and cutting him off from the companies held in her name. Somehow, Naples investigators hypothesize, Steven found out what was happening. On July 5 and 8, they say, a man answering Steven’s description bought two 12-by-4-inch galvanized steel pipes and four four-inch end caps at a local construction supply firm. On July 9 Steven drove his van to his mother’s house, where Carol Lynn was visiting. He offered to fetch coffee and doughnuts for the family but borrowed his mother’s truck to do it. Curiously the five-minute trip took him more than an hour. Upon his return he urged his mother, sister and Scott into the truck to visit some nearby family real estate. Then Steven remembered that he needed a tape measure and ran back toward the house. Seconds later, according to police bomb experts, a galvanized pipe filled with gunpowder and hidden between the truck’s front bucket seats went off, tearing the car to pieces. Then a second pipe, hidden in the back seat, exploded. Steven ran into his mother’s house screaming, “Oh, my God! Oh, my God! Call an ambulance!” Later that week police discovered his palm print on the receipt for the purchase of the pipe and caps. On August 22, he was arrested. From jail Steven, who has pleaded not guilty, released a statement expressing “overwhelming grief” over the death of his mother and brother. He also complained about the size of the squad car in which he had been taken into custody and asked whether he could be served poached eggs for his breakfast. Now 89, Harry Hitchcock is living in Pennsylvania. He was there when his daughter and Scott were buried in Lancaster last July. Steven Benson was there, too. He wept during the service, then approached his grandfather, asking to borrow $20,000. Hitchcock lent him the money. Later, when Steven was arrested, the old man asked the judge to hold his grandson without bond pending his trial. “Anyone capable of murdering his mother for money, ” wrote Hitchcock, “is capable of murdering his grandfather for the same reason.”

D3016958

http://gohawaii.about.com/od/kauai/p/kauai_profile.htm

Kauai - Hawaii's Island of Discovery

United States Hawaii Kauai Kauai - Hawaii's Island of Discovery By John Fischer Updated 12/01/17Share Pin Email•••Size of Kauai: Kauai is the fourth largest of the Hawaiian Islands with a land area of 533 square miles. It is 33 miles long and 25 miles across at its widest point. It is the oldest of the major Hawaiian islands, at 5.8 million years old. Population of Kauai (2010): As of the 2010 U. S. Census: 68,745. Ethnic mix: 33.6% Caucasian, 20.4% Filipino, 9.9% Japanese, 8.8% Native Hawaiian, 1.6% Chinese. 20% mixed (two or more races). Kauai's Nickname: Kauai has traditionally been called the "Garden Isle." More recently it has also been called "Hawaii's Island of Discovery. "Biggest Towns on Kauai: Kapa'a Lihu'e Wailua Waimea Princeville Kauai Airports: Lihu'e Airport is the main airport providing passenger and aircraft facilities for domestic and overseas carriers, inter-island carriers, commuter/air taxi, air cargo, and general aviation activities. Port Allen Airport is located one mile southwest of the town on Hanapepe on the south shore of Kaua'i. This is a general aviation airport with a single runway. Princeville Airport is a private airport located 3 miles east of Hanalei on the north shore of Kaua'i. Major Industries on Kauai: Tourism Construction High Technology (military)Film and Television Production Agriculture (coffee, taro, papaya, guava) Kaua'i produces more than 60% of Hawaii's taro, which is more than five million pounds a year. Cattle Climate of Kauai: Kauai is a semitropical island with a mild year-round climate tempered by the Pacific Ocean. At sea level in Lihuʻe the average afternoon winter temperature is around 78°F during the coldest months of January and February. August and September are the hottest summer months with temperatures averaging 84°The average daily temperature is 70°F - 80°F. The trade winds provide cooling fresh air and rain showers are brief in the early morning and evening. Average precipitation is 41 inches. Geography of Kauai: Miles of Shoreline - 113 of which 63 miles is accessible. Number of Beaches - 69 Kaua'i offers more beach per mile of coastline than on any of the other Hawaiian Islands. Over 50% of beaches are white sand beaches. Parks - There are 8 state parks, 67 county parks and community centers and no national parks. Highest Peak - Kawaikini Peak reaches an elevation of 5,243 feet, followed by Mt. Wai'ale'ale at 5,052 ft. Mountainous terrain occupies the north, west and central part of the island. Kauai Visitors and Lodging: Number of Visitors Annually - Approximately 1.1 million Principal Resort Areas Northern Kaua'i - Princeville/Hanalei Eastern Kaua'i - Lihuʻe and Wailua/Kapa'a Lihu'e - the island's gateway city Southern Kaua'i - Po'ipu/Koloa/Kukui'ula Western Kaua'i - Hanapepe/Waimea Number of Bed And Breakfast Inns (2014) – 21 with 79 rooms Number of Hotels (2014) - 15 with 2,732 rooms Number of Vacation Rentals (2014) - 442 with 1600 units Number of Timeshare Units (2014) - 17 with 2,481 units Number of Condo Hotels (2014) - 17 with 1,563 units Most Popular Visitor Attractions on Kauai: Kilauea Point National Wildlife Refuge Koke'e State Park and the the Kalalau Lookout Na Pali Coast State Park and the Kalalau Trail National Tropical Botanical Gardens Russian Fort Elisabeth Spouting Horn Wailua River Valley and the Fern Grotto Waimea Canyon State Park Golfing on Kauai: Kauai is a golfer's paradise. The Garden Island is home to five of Hawaii's top golf courses which have some of the most scenic and challenging layouts in Hawaii. These courses are: The Ocean Course at Hokuala Kiahuna Golf Club Po'ipu Bay Golf Course Princeville Golf Club Puakea Golf Course For more information view our feature on Kauai's top golf courses. Recreational Activities on Kauai: There's no island in Hawaii better for adventure on land, sea and in the air than Kaua'i. Ocean adventures include charter fishing, dolphin encounters, scuba and snorkel, whale watching or just cruising beneath the stunning green palisades of the Nā Pali Coast. You can travel in a power boat, rubber zodiac, sea kayak, or smooth gliding catamarans. Additional ocean activities include surfing, water skiing and windsurfing. The only navigable rivers in Hawaii flow through Kauai. Paddlers can explore placid river reaches by kayak. Less ambitious travelers can go up the Wailua River to the Fern Grotto by boat with Smith's Fern Grotto Wailua River Cruise. You'll be treated to Hawaiian music along with way and one of two hula dancers swaying. Hiking trails head into Waimea, the "Grand Canyon of the Pacific," or along the Nā Pali Coast to breathtaking valleys unreachable by road. There are coastal hikes across high sand dunes, and rain forest treks among the oldest flora in Hawaii. Explorers can also choose mountain bike tours, explore the wilds riding all-terrain-vehicles or take a zipline adventure. Horseback riding will take you into forests, canyons and mountains for picnics, waterfall swims and beautiful ocean vistas. Kauai is a movie lover's paradise. More than 75 Hollywood features have been filmed on Kauai and Hawaii Movie Tours® or a Polynesian Adventure Tours Ali'i Movie Excursion will take you in an air-conditioned van equipped with video screens so you can watch clips from films such as Jurassic Park while gazing at the green valley where the T-Rex prowled. If you're going to take a helicopter tour of any of the Hawaiian Islands, Kauai is my top pick. So much of the island's beauty can only been seen from the air. Book Your Stay Check prices for your stay on Kauai with Trip Advisor.

D2139713

https://www.quora.com/Decomposition-How-long-does-it-take-for-a-dead-body-to-start-smelling

Decomposition: How long does it take for a dead body to start smelling?

Robert Hershgeer, former retired police officer and chief of police. (1974-1999)Answered Jun 12, 2017 · Author has 325 answers and 74.3k answer views So far all answers given are correct. Decomposition starts at death. Smell that YOU can detect may not occur for sever hours or days. There are a lot of factors to use, time of day, weather, humidity, Temperature, time of year, amount of sun if outdoors, etc. So there is no single answer to this question. As a police officer I had the misfortune to find two dead bodies that have been in a house after several days or longer. We were trained to use a salve on our mustache to continue in the building so as not to get sick from the smell. Vaporub worked wonders, it would mask the smell and that was good. In one instance, a person had committed suicide by hanging. IT was weeks in the hot hot summer before we discovered the body. It had decomposed so much that the lower half of the body had actually separated from the upper half. A rookie and I opened the door before any other had, Instantly I knew that there was a body inside rotting. I stepped back, the rookie on the other hand stepped in, Then turned around stepped out and heaved his stomach contents out. By that time I had grabbed the vaporub and applied it, then went in and opened all the windows I could with gloves on as we still did not know if it was murder or otherwise. Never will forget that smell. Cheers.20.6k Views · View Upvoters · Answer requested by Myriam Beaudry Related Questions More Answers Below How long does it take for a DEAD body to smell? How long does it take for a body to smell? What does a dead body smell like? How long does a dead body last? What does a dead body smell like after it's started to decompose? Ask New Question Martyn V. Halm, Suspense author, researches Murder for Profit for his Amsterdam Assassin Series. Updated Feb 13, 2018 · Author has 3.5k answers and 11.8m answer views"Decomposition: How long does it take for a dead body to start smelling? "The process of decomposition starts immediately after the heart stops beating, although you won't smell the first decompositions smells, which are caused by the breaking down of cells and bacteria taking over the body. The average human body has some 30 trillion cells, while your intestinal tract contains some 37 trillion bacteria, so you can imagine the anarchy that breaks out when your body breaks down. While the acceleration of decomposition depends on humidity and temperature, most bodies will loosen their sphincters, so the body will start smelling of faeces, which also contain their own bacteria that will bring havoc to the dead body. In really cold and dry climates, a body might not start smelling for days, while in hot and wet climates the body will start smelling within hours.101.5k Views · View Upvoters Mike Stephens, Professor of Philosophy at Collège Mont Saint Louis (1986-present)Answered Mar 20, 2016It depends on many factors such as temperature,humidity, age, and gender. On average, my best estimated average would be 24-36 hours although it could be as few as 8 to 12. The best way to describe the odor and in a way I have never read before, would be similar to the following: I presume most of us has smelled tartar either on dental floss or at the dentist if a bridge is removed. Take that stench (caused by a chemical called putrescine), and magnify the odor about 1000 times. combine THAT scent with strong morning urine or urine after asparagus was ingested and mixed with diarrhea and sat in an unflushed toilet or imagine it since I doubt many of us would not flush & clean that toilet! Add a touch (about 1%) of the sweet scent of a used wine glass that sat overnight and rotting meat, and you're somewhat close to the odor of death. When I was about 16, I was cleaning and found a glass container with a lid and liquid in it in my parent's bathroom under the sink far back in the corner out of direct sight. It had old yellowed medical tape sealing the lid very well. Curiosity got the best of me, so I opened it after 10 minutes or so of trying. When I took the lid off, I almost threw up. Inside was the dentures of my great grandmother that she kept in that container to soak at night. They had been in there sincer her death about 20 years prior. It was loaded with trillions of bacteria and putrescine from foul mouth odor. If about 5% of sweet but rancid smelling urine was added to that, you'd have a good idea of the stench of death.38k Views · View Upvoters Your response is private. Is this answer still relevant and up to date? Courtney Schumacher, I've been dead, but I'm not anymore (not NDE: FULL death). Answered Sep 27, 2015 · Author has 4k answers and 2.6m answer views I assume you mean a HUMAN body. That depends on how good your nose is. A DOG can find a dead body almost immediately. It also depends on where the body is, whether it has any open wounds, what it last ate (that DOES hake a difference to the well-versed nose, like that of an EMT), and even when it last showered. If you just want to know when it begins to ROT, that could be 6-12 hours, depending on where the corpse is. Guys in a funeral home can cover the 'aroma', but a wino in an alley, say, may not draw any attention for some time.35.9k Views · View Upvoters Emese Vegh, Doctor of Philosophy Candidate at University of Oxford (2017-present)Answered Jan 25, 2018The smell that is very vividly described below (I enjoyed reading it Mike Stephens, thank you!) first occurs at the second stage of decomposition called the bloat or putrefaction. Although it depends on both instrinsic (e.g. body weight and fat content) and extrinsic (e.g. environment and temperature) factors, generally if we assume the body was found at close to room temperature (at 21–24 Celsius degrees), you will smell the decomp within the first 24 hours as bacteria will catalise nutrients into juicy volatile fatty acids, which eventually will pure out from the rectum, nose, throat and ruptured skin. Gases occuring from the activity of the bacteria causes bloating and the leakage of these liquids.2.2k Views · View Upvoters Quora User, I believe that there is life after death. Answered Nov 2, 2016Depends on who you're asking about the odor. Some invertebrates will zero in on a dead mammal within a few minutes of death. There's a progression of species that will locate and oviposit on a corpse. That's one way they determine cause of death - what insect larvae are present.1.8k Views · Answer requested by Susan Hannon

D1391122

https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090315224027AAEwcKk

Does cat food expire?

Pets Cats Does cat food expire? So my bf got some cat food, dry in a box and wet in a can from the company he works from because they are expired... Does the food really expire or is it safe to give my cat? it says best before Aug.08. thanks for your help Follow 8 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: According to the USDA, "A "Best if Used By (or Before)" date is recommended for best flavor or quality. It is not a purchase or safety date." If it says "Best Before Aug '08", and not "Expires Aug '08", it's probably fine, especially if it's sealed. Companies put "Best By" dates on their products if they can't guarantee the product will still be of the same quality past a certain age, and it encourage stores to rotate out old unsold food [it is legal for stores to sell a product past a "Best By" date, but not an Expiration date]. So, use your judgment and common sense, if it smells rancid or you can see mold pitch it. Look for any bulging on the canned food- if the can is distorted, it means fermentation took place and it's spoiled. If it seems ok I would go ahead and use it, maybe two thirds the regular food and one third this stuff until it runs out Source (s):http://www.fsis.usda.gov/Fact_Sheets/Foo...asminty · 9 years ago1 1 Comment The only way I could see this being remotely safe to eat, is if cat food were cooked to a high enough temperature so as to kill anything that might have decided to grow and then chilled back down to a safe temperature for your cat to eat. Even then, vital nutrients could also be depleted during the cooking process. cooking cat food sounds like stinky and messy business, though... it might just be easier to skip the whole idea. Another option would be to set the food out for feral cats. Even expired cat food has to be better (safer) than tipping over garbage cans and hoping whatever you find isn't coated in something toxic. Absinthy · 9 years ago1 1 Comment Yes cat food does expire, they make it suitable enough for humans to eat, so if a human can't eat it cause its expired best not to take chances. Source (s): MY LULZSai A · 9 years ago1 2 Comment I actually called the toll free number on a pouch of whiskas.... I asked them about leaving the unused portion on the counter during the day and they informed me that cat food does not have preservatives in it so it will expire and it will go bad if left out in the heat.ficklefaerie · 9 years ago0 1 Comment Yes its expired, almost well probably anything retires, especcially food, so please do not feed it to your cat, or you will end up paying hundreds to the vet after it comes down with food poisoning of some sort. Good luck :) plus cats dont eat that much anyway!Stealth ♪ · 9 years ago1 2 Comment Yes, it is expired. You should not give it to your cat. Yamabiko Yuki · 9 years ago1 2 Comment Yes it can expire. Not advisable to give to your pet after the date. One month is one thing, a year is something completely different. Source (s): Animal care worker Sandra R · 9 years ago1 2 Comment The ayes have it..... Yes, it expires and don't give it to your cat!Nantessa · 9 years ago1 2 Commentno, dont give it to ur catcandy · 9 years ago1 2 Comment Maybe you would like to learn more about one of these? Find Email Marketing Software Time for a Caribbean cruise? Dog Food Delivered To You! Online education an option?

D1099737

http://www.wisconline.com/counties/polk/

Polk County, Wisconsin

Polk County, Wisconsinon this page• County Government • Tourism - Business • Historical Societies • Public Libraries Explore Polk County (Click on picture)Polk County, created in 1853 from St Croix County, is named after James Knox Polk, the 11th President of the United States. Located in northwest Wisconsin, the county seat is Balsam Lake. Land Area 917.27 sq miles Water Area 39.01 sq miles Elevation 1,155 ft at Balsam Lake Number of Lakes 437Area in Lakes 20,900 acres (32.66 sq miles)Rivers Apple, Clam, St Croix, Straight, Trade, Willow, Wood Major Watershed St Croix River Geographical Province South: Western Upland. Central and north: Central Plain. Natural Vegetation Northwest corner: jack pine and prairie grasses; willow, soft maple and ash along St Croix River. West: sugar maple, basswood, and elm. Central and east: maple, hemlock, and yellow birch. Southwest: white, black, and red oak. East-central: area of white and red pine. Population1930: 1970: 1980: 1990: 2000: 26,567 26,666 32,351 34,773 41,319Border Counties North: East: South: West: Burnett County Burnett County, Barron County St. Croix County St Croix River (Minnesota)Polk County Government and Local Information Resources County Web Site www.co.polk.wi.us County Clerk Office of the County Clerk 100 Polk County Plaza, Suite 110 Balsam Lake, WI 54810 Phone: 715-485-9226County Parks County Parks 100 Polk County Plaza Balsam Lake, WI 54810 Phone: 715-485-9294Birth & Death Certificates, Marriage Records Register of Deeds 100 Polk County Plaza, Suite 160 Balsam Lake, WI 54810 Phone: 715-485-9240Cooperative Extension UW-Extension, Polk County PO Box 160 Balsam Lake, WI 54810-0160 Phone: 715-485-8600 E-mail Tourism, Relocation & Business Development Amery Community Club PO Box 211 Amery, WI 54001-0211 Phone: 715-268-6624Balsam Lake Community Club PO Box 366 Balsam Lake, WI 54810-0366 Phone: 715-485-3424Centuria Commercial Club PO Box 280 Centuria, WI 54824-0280Clear Lake Community Club PO Box 266 Clear Lake, WI 54005Falls Chamber of Commerce PO Box 178 Saint Croix Falls, WI 54024 Phone: 715-483-3580Frederic Area Chamber of Commerce PO Box 250 Frederic, WI 54837 Phone: 715-327-4836Luck Community Club PO Box 431 Luck, WI 54853 Phone: 715-472-2222Milltown Community Club PO Box 402 Milltown, WI 54858 Phone: 715-825-2222Osceola Main Street Chamber PO Box 251 Osceola, WI 54020-0251 Phone: 715-755-3300Historical and Genealogical Societies Osceola Historical Society PO Box 342 Osceola, WI 54020 Phone: 715-294-3530Polk County Historical Society PO Box 41 Balsam Lake, WI 54810-0041 Phone: 715-268-8375WIGen Web Project, Polk County

D1683791

http://www.cts.usc.edu/ht-pg-hearttransplantprocedure.html

.

Be the Difference... Breast Cancer Research at the USC Department of Surgery Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video. FEATURED VIDEOBe the Difference... Breast Cancer Research at the USC Department of Surgery Featuring Dr. Julie Lang, surgical oncologist and Director of the USC Breast Cancer Program, and Dr. Vaughn Starnes, Chair of the USC Department of Surgery. The Department of Surgery is dedicated to providing quality patient care and advanced educational programs, and to conducting innovative research that will advance the future of surgical practice. The department is comprised of 10 divisions and offers numerous prominent surgical residency training programs. Divisions, Institutes and Programs Cardio Vascular Thoracic Institute Cardiac Surgery Thoracic Surgery Vascular Surgery Colorectal Surgery Upper GI and General Surgery Hepatobiliary, Pancreas and Abdominal Organ Transplant Pediatric Surgery Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Acute Care Surgery and Surgical Critical Care USC Cancer Surgeons USC Comprehensive Aortic Center Surgical Skills Simulation and Education Center Each year, more than $1 million in extramural grants supports the department's long tradition of involvement in both basic and clinical research. A number of research studies are conducted in collaboration with other departments of the School of Medicine, including the Department of Medicine and its divisions of gastrointestinal and liver diseases, infectious diseases, and oncology. The primary locations of the department's programs are the Keck Medical Center of USC, USC/Norris Cancer Hospital, Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles, and the LAC+USC Medical Center. ADDRESSDepartment of Surgery Keck Medical Center of USC 1520 San Pablo Street Suite 4300 Los Angeles, CA 90033Phone: (323) 442-5849 Fax: (323) 442-5956Medical Disclaimer This website was developed in 2011 as a service provided by the USC Department of Surgery. This web site provides selected information which may become out of date over time. It is important that consumers see a healthcare professional for detailed information about medical conditions and treatment. This information is not intended to be a substitute for the advice of a healthcare professional, or a recommendation for any particular treatment plan. The USC Department of Surgery has made and will continue to make efforts to include accurate and up-to-date information on this web site. Share this page:

D2133146

http://www.leaguelineup.com/welcome.asp?url=decaturyouthfootball

DECATUR YOUTH FOOTBALL

News All,If you are interested in joining the Jr. Hawks program, the deadline is Friday 12/1/17; however, if you would like to register and participate on Monday 12/4/17, you must fill out the attached form and bring it with you along with payment to school on Monday. You will need to have the form completed, along with payment to board the bus over to the high school. Please see the attached flyer for more information. Thanks and Go Hawks!Brad Rose Director of Health and Wellness M. S. D. of Decatur Township5275 Kentucky Ave. Indianapolis, IN 46221In an effort to improve communication during the upcoming 2017 youth football season we are attempting to clean up the e-mail distribution list.if you are not receiving messages, we ask that you click "Join Our Email List" located on the left side of our website and select the appropriate distribution list. NO PETS OR SMOKING ON SCHOOL GROUNDSTHERE IS TO BE NO PETS ON SCHOOL GROUNDS OR SMOKING ON SCHOOL GROUNDS. WE HAVE BEEN ASKED BY THE SCHOOL TO ENFORCE THIS RULE. THANK YOU FOR HELPING OUT WITH THIS.317-797-6986Ink Therapy Tattoo & Piercing152 N Perry Rd Plainfield Indiana (317) 268-6869

D383890

https://www.thoughtco.com/facts-about-francisco-pizarro-2136550

10 Facts About Francisco Pizarro

Humanities ›History & Culture10 Facts About Francisco Pizarro The Conquistador Who Brought Down the Inca Empire Share Flipboard Email Printby Christopher Minster Updated January 06, 2018Francisco Pizarro (1471–1541) was a Spanish conquistador whose famed conquest of the Inca Empire in the 1530s made him and his men fantastically wealthy and won for Spain a rich New World colony. Today, Pizarro is not as famous as he once was, but many people still know him as the conquistador who brought down the Inca Empire. What are the facts about Francisco Pizarro?01of 10Pizarro Rose From Nothing to Fame and Fortune Amable-Paul Coutan/Wikimedia Commons/Public Domain When Francisco Pizarro died in 1541, he was the Marquis de la Conquista, a wealthy nobleman with vast lands, wealth, prestige, and influence. It is a far cry from his beginnings. He was born sometime in the 1470s (the exact date and year is unknown) as the illegitimate child of a Spanish soldier and a household servant. Young Francisco tended the family swine as a boy and never learned to read and write. More »02of 10He Did More Than Conquer the Inca Empire In 1528, Pizarro returned to Spain from the New World to obtain official permission from the King to embark upon his mission of conquest along the Pacific coast of South America. It would eventually be the expedition that brought down the Inca Empire. What most people don't know is that he had already accomplished much. He arrived in the New World in 1502 and fought in various conquest campaigns in the Caribbean and in Panama. He was along on the expedition led by Vasco Núñez de Balboa which discovered the Pacific Ocean and by 1528 was already a respected, wealthy landowner in Panama. More »03of 10He Relied Greatly on His Brothers On his 1528–1530 trip to Spain, Pizarro got royal permission to explore and conquer. But he brought back to Panama something even more important—his four half-brothers. Hernando, Juan, and Gonzalo were his half-brothers on his father's side: on his mother's side was Francisco Martín de Alcántara. Together, the five of them would conquer an empire. Pizarro had skilled lieutenants, such as Hernando de Soto and Sebastián de Benalcázar, but deep down he only trusted his brothers. He particularly trusted Hernando, who he sent twice to Spain in charge of the "royal fifth," a fortune in treasure destined for the King of Spain. More »04of 10He Had Good Lieutenants Pizarro's most trusted lieutenants were his four brothers, but he also had the support of several veteran fighting men who would go on to other things. While Pizarro sacked Cuzco, he left Sebastián de Benalcázar in charge on the coast. When Benalcázar heard that an expedition under Pedro de Alvarado was approaching Quito, he rounded up some men and conquered the city first in Pizarro's name, keeping the defeated Inca Empire unified under the Pizarros. Hernando de Soto was a loyal lieutenant who would later lead an expedition into the southeast of the present-day USA. Francisco de Orellana accompanied Gonzalo Pizarro on an expedition and wound up discovering the Amazon River . Pedro de Valdivia went on to be the first governor of Chile.05of 10His Share of Loot Was Staggering The Inca Empire was rich in gold and silver, and Pizarro and his conquistadors all became very rich. Francisco Pizarro made out best of all. His share from Atahualpa's ransom alone was 630 pounds of gold, 1,260 pounds of silver, and odds-and-ends such as Atahualpa's throne—a chair made of 15 karat gold which weighed 183 pounds. At today's rate, the gold alone was worth over $8 million dollars, and this does not include the silver or any of the loot from subsequent endeavors such as the sacking of Cuzco, which certainly at least doubled Pizarro's take.06of 10Pizarro Had a Mean Streak Most of the conquistadors were cruel, violent men who did not flinch from torture, mayhem, murder, and rapine and Francisco Pizarro was no exception. Although he did not fall into the sadist category—as some other conquistadors did—Pizarro had his moments of great cruelty. After his puppet Emperor Manco Inca went into open rebellion, Pizarro ordered that Manco's wife Cura Ocllo be tied to a stake and shot with arrows: her body was floated down a river where Manco would find it. Later, Pizarro ordered the murder of 16 captured Inca chieftains. One of them was burned alive.07of 10He Backstabbed His Partner…In the 1520s, Francisco and fellow conquistador Diego de Almagro had a partnership and twice explored the Pacific coast of South America. In 1528, Pizarro went to Spain to get royal permission for a third trip. The crown granted Pizarro a title, a position of governor of the lands he discovered, and other lucrative positions: Almagro was given the governorship of the small town of Tumbes. Back in Panama, Almagro was furious and was only convinced to participate after given the promise of the governorship of as-yet undiscovered lands. Almagro never forgave Pizarro for this double-cross. More »08of 10…and It Led to a Civil War As an investor, Almagro became very wealthy after the sacking of the Inca Empire, but he never quite shook the feeling (most likely correct) that the Pizarro brothers were ripping him off. A vague royal decree on the subject gave the northern half of the Inca Empire to Pizarro and the southern half to Almagro, but it was unclear in which half the city of Cuzco belonged. In 1537, Almagro seized the city, leading to a civil war among the conquistadors. Francisco sent his brother Hernando at the head of an army which defeated Almagro at the Battle of Salinas. Hernando tried and executed Almagro, but the violence didn’t stop there.09of 10Pizarro Was Assassinated During the civil wars, Diego de Almagro had the support of most of the recent arrivals to Peru. These men had missed out on the astronomical payoffs of the first part of the conquest and arrived to find the Inca Empire nearly picked clean of gold. Almagro was executed, but these men were still disgruntled, above all with the Pizarro brothers. The new conquistadors rallied around Almagro’s young son, Diego de Almagro the younger. In June of 1541, some of these went to Pizarro’s home and murdered him. Almagro the younger was later defeated in battle, captured, and executed.10of 10Modern Peruvians don’t Think Very Highly of Him Much like Hernán Cortés in Mexico, Pizarro is sort of half-heartedly respected in Peru. Peruvians all know who he was, but most of them consider him ancient history, and those who do think about him generally don't hold him in very high regard. Peruvian Indians, in particular, see him as a brutal invader who massacred their forebears. A statue of Pizarro (which wasn't even originally meant to represent him) was moved in 2005 from the central square of Lima to a new, out-of-the-way park outside of town.cite

D3066958

http://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/calculator.jsp

Cost of Living Calculator

Cost Of Living Cost Of Living Cost of Living Comparison Cost of Living Calculator Cost Of Living Index Cost Of Living Index (Current)Cost Of Living Rankings By Country Cost of Living Estimator Prices By City Prices By Country Historical Data in a City by Year Historical Data in a Year by City Food Prices Basket of Goods and Services Our Motivation and Methodology Update Information for Your City Property Prices Property Prices Property Prices Comparison Property Price Index Property Price Index Rate (Current)Property Price Index By Country Crime Crime Crime Comparisons Crime Index Rate Latest Crime Index Crime Index by Country Health Care Health Care Health Care Comparisons Health Care Index Rate Latest Health Care Index Health Care Index by Country Pollution Pollution Pollution Comparisons Pollution Index Rate Latest Pollution Index Pollution Index by Country Traffic Traffic Traffic Comparisons Traffic Index Rate Latest Traffic Index Traffic Index by Country Quality Of Life Quality of Life Quality of Life Comparisons Quality of Life Index Rate Latests Quality of Life Index Quality of Life Index by Country Travel Taxi Fare Calculator Gas Prices Calculator Cost of Living > Cost of Living Calculator Cost of Living Calculator Tweet You can enter an amount and built-in Cost of Living Calculator will determine how much more (or less) you need to maintain same standard of living in another city. It takes into consideration current prices in your current city and the city you are considering to move to. If you enter how much you need for living in current city, you'll get approximate info how much you will need in another city. This tools works with net earnings so don't forget to subtract an income tax. This tool allows comparison for more than 300 cities worldwide. It shows recent gathered prices at this website. Prices include housing, utilities, transportation, restaurants, etc.1. Where do you live now? Current city: Your city is not here? Please add information for your city2. Where are you comparing? Comparison city :3. How much do you spend in your current city? Monthly (spending): Currency: About In the News Newsletter APICopyright © 2009-2018 Numbeo. Your use of this service is subject to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy

D714015

https://techcrunch.com/2015/05/15/what-is-devops/

What Is DevOps?

An error occurred with this part of the page, sorry for the inconvenience. What Is Dev Ops? May 15, 2015 Daniel Greene As is evident from the increase in conferences, books, and software tools, there is a growing emphasis on improving Dev Ops within all sizes of software development organizations. The question that ... Uber X to be parked in Greece after law change Apr 5, 2018 Natasha Lomas Uber is suspending another international service while it assess whether there’s a business case to continue operations after regulatory changes. In a blog post announcing the impending suspe... Movie Pass’ parent company acquires Moviefone Apr 5, 2018 Anthony Ha Helios and Matheson Analytics, which already owns movie ticket subscription service Movie Pass, has acquired Moviefone. Despite the old-school name, Moviefone is now a digital media business with tr... Benchmark just funded Chainalysis, the crypto intelligence company that helped crack the Mt. Gox case Apr 5, 2018 Connie Loizos When the virtual currency exchange Mt. Gox collapsed into bankruptcy in 2014 following the disappearance of hundreds of thousands of bitcoins and tens of millions of dollars, those who lost money w... IMAX and Conversive launch a conversational AR app with chatty pandas Apr 5, 2018 Anthony Ha While IMAX has become synonymous with enormous theatrical screens, Chief Marketing Officer JL Pomeroy told me the company has “been an innovator at the forefront of technology breakthroughs f... Suplari raises $10.3M Series A round to bring AI to procurement Apr 5, 2018 Frederic Lardinois Procurement isn’t the most exciting topic in the world, but for large businesses, it’s an area where inefficiencies can quickly affect the bottom line. Simply getting a complete view of... Pinterest aims for products from the store down your street as its next big ad business Apr 5, 2018 Matthew Lynley Pinterest is known for having, and promoting, a lot of business content. It’s actually a majority of the content, and it’s usually from some of the most well-known brands that feed into... Comet ML wants to do for machine learning what Git Hub did for code Apr 5, 2018 Frederic Lardinois Comet.ml allows data scientists and developers to easily monitor, compare and optimize their machine learning models. The New York-based company is launching its product today, after completing the... Kahuna comes out of the gate with customer engagement platform Apr 5, 2018 Ron Miller We keep hearing about the value of customer experience from some of the world’s biggest software companies. Last week Adobe trotted out the customer experience system of record at Adobe Summi... Fetch adds two new robots to its warehouse automation army Apr 5, 2018 Brian Heater Fetch Robotics capped off 2017 with a $25 million Series B, bringing its total up to $48 million. It’s clear that investors are taken with the San Jose-based automation company. By most accounts, i... Singapore-based smart lock maker Igloohome raises $4MApr 5, 2018 Jon Russell Singapore-based smart lock maker Igloohome has closed a $4 million Series A round. The investment was led by Insignia Ventures, the new firm started by ex-Sequoia venture partner Yinglan Tan. Phill... Australia latest to open probe into Facebook data scandal Apr 5, 2018 Natasha Lomas Australia’s privacy watchdog has opened an investigation into Facebook in the wake of the Cambridge Analytica data misuse scandal. Yesterday Facebook revealed that more users than previously ...‘The end of my VC career’ — Stefan Glaenzer quits Passion Capital to clear way for third fund Stefan Glaenzer, the prominent European VC and former chairman of Last.fm and founder of Ricardo.... Apr 5, 2018 Steve O'Hear Alibaba is preparing to invest in Grab Apr 4, 2018 Jon Russell Fresh from announcing a deal to buy out Uber in Southeast Asia, Grab looks set to gain further firepower with Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba preparing to invest in the ride-hailing firm. Alibaba ... Highlights and audio from Zuckerberg’s emotional Q&A on scandals“This is going to be a never-ending battle” said Mark Zuckerberg. He just gave the mo... Apr 4, 2018 Josh Constine News startup Knowhere aims to break through partisan echo chambers Apr 4, 2018 Anthony Ha It’s become a common complaint that social media allows everyone to limit their news consumption to stories that reinforce what they already believe. But the team at Knowhere says it’s ... Cambridge Analytica denies accessing data on 87M Facebook users…claims 30MApr 4, 2018 Josh Constine Cambridge Analytica is refuting a report by Facebook today that said Cambridge Analytica improperly attained data on up to 87 million users. Instead, it claims it only “licensed data for no m... Our digital future will be shaped by increasingly mobile technologies coming from China Apr 4, 2018 Michael Jaconi Since the dawn of the internet, the titans of this industry have fought to win the “starting point” — the place that users start their online experiences. In other words, the place where they... Smartsheet co-founder’s next project is a robotic rock picker-upper Apr 4, 2018 Devin Coldewey A co-founder of Smartsheet, the enterprise collaboration startup that just filed for an IPO, is taking a hard right turn into the world of agriculture robotics. Brent Frei has been working on an au... Southeast Asia fashion startup Zilingo continues its meteoric rise with $54M Series CApr 4, 2018 Jon Russell Many will rightly say that raising money as a startup in Southeast Asia is no easy thing, but up-and-coming online fashion service Zilingo sure doesn’t seem to have problems on that front. Fr... Last march of the Penryns: Intel cuts Spectre fixes for some older chips Apr 4, 2018 Devin Coldewey As part of its ongoing efforts to patch its systems against the Meltdown and Spectre chip flaws, Intel indicated last month that it would be issuing fixes as far back as 2005’s Yorkfield proc...

D2631073

http://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/company-profile.Nike_Inc.095b58e0d70133d6.html

Nike, Inc.

Image Source S&P 500 Dow Jones Industrials # 88 FORTUNE 1000 (June 2017) S&P Global 100Nike, Inc.1 SW BOWERMAN DRBEAVERTON, OR, 97005-0979 United States (503) 671-6453www.nike.com Company Type: Parent Call (866) 473-3932 Start Live Chat Start Free Trial Home > Company Information > Company Search > Company Profile Company Profile Unlock more with a D&B Hoovers™ FREE Trial On this page Financial Statements Top Competitors Sales Preparation Data Related Companies Available Contacts Industry Information Fleet-of-footwear NIKE, named for the Greek goddess of victory, is the world's #1 shoe and apparel company. NIKE designs, develops, and sells a variety of products and services to help in playing basketball and soccer (football), as well as in running, men's and women's training, and other action sports. Under its namesake brand, NIKE also markets sports-inspired products for children and various competitive and recreational activities, such as golf, tennis, and walking, and sportswear by Converse and Hurley. NIKE sells through more than 1,000-owned retail stores worldwide, an e-commerce site, and to thousands of retail accounts, independent distributors, and licensees. Financial Statements Income Statement Cash Flow Assets Liabilities Shareholders Equity2017 Revenue: $34,350Gross Profit: $15,312Operating Income: $4,945Net Income: $4,240Diluted EPS: $2.51Year Revenue2013 25,3132014 27,7992015 30,6012016 32,3762017 34,350Year Revenue2013 25,3132014 27,7992015 30,6012016 32,3762017 34,350Unlock complete financial statements Competitor Profiles See detailed profiles for insights and prospects on this company's top competitors. New Balance Athletics, Inc. PUMA SE adidas AGUnlock detailed competitor profiles For Your Call Essential information for a successful call Pacific TIME01:37 AM2017 EMPLOYEES70,700ASSETS (MIL USD)23,2592017 SALES (MIL USD)34,350TICKER SYMBOLNKEIncorporated1964MARKET VALUE (MIL USD)81,457.2FISCAL YEAR ENDJANSALES GROWTH %6.1%EMPLOYEE GROWTH %5.23%NET INCOME GROWTH12.77%CREDIT PRESCREENLOW RISKUnlock full sales materials and reports Related Companies Corporate Family Similar Companies Nearby430Corporate Family Connections Detailed profiles of all businesses owned and operated by this company for insights and prospecting. Nike, Inc. Ultimate Parent28 Subsidiaries View All with Free Trial401 Branches View All with Free Trial Unlock information on related companies Get in Touch with 620Contacts A D&B Hoovers Subscription is your foot in the door to Nike, Inc. contact information. Andrew Campion EVP and CFOMark G. Parker Chairman, President, and CEOEric D. Sprunk COOSee full contact details Start Your Free Trial Industry Information See trends, challenges and opportunities with similar companies in these industries. Footwear Manufacturing Companies in this industry make footwear, including athletic, casual, and dress shoes as well as boots,... Manufacturing Sector Companies in this industry make footwear, including athletic, casual, and dress shoes as well as boots,... Clothing Stores Companies in this industry make footwear, including athletic, casual, and dress shoes as well as boots,... Get full access to D&B Hoovers With a Hoovers subscription you can get a comprehensive view of Nike, Inc. Nike, Inc.620Contacts Reach the right people with access to detailed contact information.430Corporate Relations Get the big picture on a company's affiliates and who they do business with.8Close Industry Peers See similar companies for insight and prospecting. Start Your Free Trial Related Tags Find other companies in similar industries or locations Beaverton, OR, United States , Manufacturing Sector, Clothing Stores, Apparel Manufacturing, Footwear Manufacturing, Shoe Stores, Sporting Goods Stores, Retail Sector, Sporting Goods Manufacturing

D828597

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924224415000990

ReviewPotential of cassava leaves in human nutrition: A review

Trends in Food Science & Technology Volume 44, Issue 2, August 2015, Pages 147-158Review Potential of cassava leaves in human nutrition: A review Sajid Latif Joachim Müller Show morehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2015.04.006 Get rights and content Highlights•Cassava leaves are a rich source of protein, minerals, and vitamins.•Antinutrients and cyanogens in cassava leaves restricts their use as human food.•Consumption of improperly processed cassava leaves might cause various diseases.•Economical detoxification processing without degrading the nutrients is required.•Detoxified cassava leaves could serve as a safe nutrient source. Cassava is mainly grown for its roots whereas leaves are mostly considered as a byproduct. Cassava leaves are a rich source of protein, minerals, and vitamins. However, the presence of antinutrients and cyanogenic glucosides are the major drawbacks in cassava leaves which limit its human consumption. These antinutrients and toxic compounds of cassava leaves cause various diseases depending on the consumption level. Hence these antinutrients and toxic potential of cassava leaves should be addressed during cassava leaf processing (CLP) before human consumption. Several CLP methods have been developed but every method has its own limitations. Some CLP methods successfully detoxify cassava leaves but simultaneously destroy the nutrients. Efforts have also been made for cassava leaf protein extraction in the form of cassava leaf protein concentrate (CLPC) but protein recovery was very low. This review summarizes the nutrient, antinutrient and toxic composition of cassava leaves, CLPC, different CLP methods, human consumption and diseases caused by cassava leaves. Furthermore, recommendations have been made in order to encourage cassava leaves consumption as an important source of protein and micronutrients. Previous article Next article Introduction Cassava ( Manihot esculenta, Crantz) is widely grown in tropical and subtropical countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America, with 276.7 million tons estimated production ( FAOSTAT, 2013 ). In the past thirty years, the area under cultivation has doubled and is expected to increase further ( Burns, Gleadow, Zacarias, Cuambe, & Miller, 2012 ). An estimated cassava production in 2020 is predicted to be 291 million tons ( Scott, Rosegrant, & Ringler, 2000 ). It is grown in 105 countries and ranks as world's fourth most important crop and a staple food for nearly one billion people ( Latif & Müller, 2014 ). Cassava is a crop which may support food security in low rainfall and marginal soil regions. Cassava has become a favoured crop for both, small scale farmers and large-scale plantation as it requires low input of time, labor and money. It is mainly grown for starchy roots however; the stem, leaves and petioles of cassava are also edible and are widely used as food in Africa ( Lancaster & Brooks, 1983 ). Cassava leaves are an important vegetable and are available throughout the year ( Fig. 1) ( Moyo, Bebesi, Sandifolo, & Teri, 1998 ). Cassava leaves form a major part of the diet in some countries, but there are many countries where they are not generally consumed, even though cassava is widely grown and readily available. It deserves more attention as a source of protein and nutrients for human nutrition and should get as much attention as the roots, which are low in protein. There is a need to establish simple cassava leaf processing methods for its safe consumption without sacrificing the nutrients. Download full-size image Fig. 1. Cassava leaf. Cassava leaves as human food Cassava leaves are consumed as a vegetable in at least 60% of countries in sub-Saharan Africa and some Asian countries such as Indonesia, Philippines and Malaysia ( Table 1) ( Achidi, Ajayi, Bokanga, & Maziya-Dixon, 2005; Bokanga, 1994; Ngudi, Kuo, & Lambein, 2003b ). In almost all cassava growing African countries, from Senegal to Mozambique, cassava leaves are consumed at varying levels as a source of protein and micronutrients, depending on cultivar and recipes. In Central Africa, people enjoy eating cassava leaves ( Achidi et al., 2005 ). In Tanzania, Kenya, Malawi, and Madagascar cassava is not only grown for roots but also for leaves which are consumed as a vegetable ( Dahniya, 1994; Moyo et al., 1998 ). Cassava is considered as “all sufficient” in Congo because people get “bread” from the roots and “meat” from the leaves ( Achidi et al., 2005 ). In Congo, cassava leaves have a share of more than 60% of all vegetables consumed. Also in countries such as Zaire, Congo, Tanzania, Sierra Leone, Nigeria and Guinea, cassava leaves constitute a major component of the diet ( Table 1) ( Bokanga, 1994 ). Many authors stressed the nutritive value of cassava leaves and encouraged their use in the diet of people in tropical regions ( Aregheore, 2012; Lancaster & Brooks, 1983; Oni et al., 2011 ). It was recommended that the industrial blending of cassava leaves as a source of protein and vitamins into acceptable edible forms should be promoted by educational programs. Table 1. Cassava leaf consumption as human food. Country Consumption level Dish name Reference Angola Frequently Kizaka, Ngwada ( Kanga, 1980)Botswana Eaten ( Okechukwu, Quin, Dixon, & Asiedu, 1998)Brazil As food supplement to combat malnutrition Multimistura ( Câmara & Madruga, 2001)Burundi Eaten as spinach ( Nkunzimana et al., 1996)Cameroon Highly appreciated by the people of Yaounde 30–100 g/day Nkwen, Gweri ( Achidi et al., 2005)Central African Republic Eaten as spinach Pondu, Sakasaka ( Hahn & Théberge, 1986)Congo Preferred vegetable, 40–170 g/day Pondu, Sakasaka, Matamba, Sombe ( Achidi et al., 2005)Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) 500 g/day ( Lancaster & Brooks, 1983; Ngudi et al., 2003a)Gabon Eaten as spinach ( Baubebet-Nang, 1980)Indonesia Eaten as a vegetable Daun Singkong, Daun ubi tumbuk ( Ngudi et al., 2003b)Liberia (Mano river counties of West Africa) Eaten regularly accompaniment to rice Pondo, Sakasaka ( Dahniya, 1994)Madagascar Eaten throughout the country Ravitoto, Ravinmahogo, Ambazaha ( Achidi et al., 2005)Malawi Chigwada ( Moyo et al., 1998)Malaysia One of the traditional vegetable Masak lemak pucuk ubi ( Arnieyantie et al., 2012)Mali Banankou boulou nan ( Oguntimein, 1988)Mozambique (Rural and north-east) Eaten almost daily as side dish Chigwada, Mathapa ( Essers, 1989)Nigeria One of the twelve eaten as a vegetable ( Aregheore, 2012)Philippines southern part of Mindanao Widely used as a vegetable Ginataang cassava leaves ( Ngudi et al., 2003b)Rwanda Eaten as spinach Isombe ( Mulindagabo, 1980)Sierra Leone and Guinea Eaten regularly accompaniment to rice, eaten as a vegetable Cassada leaves, Mafe haako bantare ( Almazan & Theberge, 1989; Aregheore, 2012; Dahniya, 1994)Sri Lanka (Monaragala) 35–100 g/day Malluma ( Priyadarshani et al., 2004)Tanzania Eaten as a vegetable Kisanby, Kisamvu ( Gidamis, O'Brien, & Poulter, 1993)Zaire Important part of the peasant meal, eaten as vegetable 500 g per person Mpondu, Pondu, Sakasaka ( Aregheore, 2012; Lancaster & Brooks, 1983)Zambia Frequently Kizaka, Ngwada ( Van Otterdijk, 1998)Zimbabwe Eaten ( Mtetwa, Nzima, & Mahungu, 1998)Cassava leaves are mostly served as part of a sauce, eaten with starchy dishes like Chikwange, cassava fufu, boiled cassava roots, rice, and pounded yam or cooked as green vegetables. Almost all the Congolese population eat cassava leaves in dishes having different names ( Table 1 ). In some parts of Central African Republic, Gabon, Rawanda, and Burundi cassava leaves are consumed like spinach ( Baubebet-Nang, 1980; Hahn & Théberge, 1986; Mulindagabo, 1980; Nkunzimana, Zee, Turgeon-O'Brien, & Marin, 1996 ). There are some preferences about the consumption of cassava leaves, for instance Congolese, Nigerians, and Malagasies eat cassava leaves of all varieties either pink or green petiole, but the Sierra Leoneans eat only cassava leaves with pink petiole. They consider that the green petiole cassava leaves are toxic while some Congolese prefer mild mosaic-infected cassava leaves ( Achidi et al., 2005 ). Cassava leaves (as a rich source of vitamins and minerals) are also consumed by pregnant women to increase breast milk production in Sierra Leone and Liberia ( Aregheore, 2012 ). In order to combat malnutrition in Brazil, a food supplement “multimistura” was formulated by using cassava leaf powder as one of the ingredients especially for pregnant women and children ( Câmara & Madruga, 2001 ). In Sierra Leone, a typical cassava leaf dish is made by including fish, groundnuts, capsicums and onions that can provide the daily protein requirement if it is consumed up to 150 g per day for an adult, or 75 g for a child ( Lancaster & Brooks, 1983 ). Rural and remote populations in Indonesia are most vulnerable to protein and micronutrient deficiencies and they do not have access to processed foods. Therefore, cassava leaves are popular as a vegetable providing the required amount of protein, minerals and vitamins. An estimated production of cassava leaves for human consumption is 0.5–0.7million tons/year ( Wargiono, Richana, & Hidajat, 2002 ). However, there is a need for accurate quantitative surveys about cassava leaves consumption. In some countries cassava leaves are considered as a poor man's food and only eaten when other vegetable leaves are unavailable or during food shortage and in many countries they are not consumed at all. An important protein source is yet to be exploited in areas where nutrient, especially protein, deficiency is a common problem because of cassava roots as main staple food ( Ngudi et al., 2003b ). It needs to highlight the potential of cassava leaves and to encourage their use by educating people to consider cassava leaves as a valuable addition to the diet instead of regarding them as a food associated with poverty. Nutritional and antinutritional aspects Cassava leaves contain high content of crude protein (17.7–38.1% DM: dry matter basis) depending on the cultivar and climatic conditions ( Table 2 ); ( Awoyinka, Abegunde, & Adewusi, 1995 ). It also contains high contents of vitamins, B1, B2, C, carotenoids and minerals like phosphorous, magnesium, potassium and calcium but low contents of manganese, zinc, iron, copper and sodium ( Tables 3 and 4 ). The level of potassium, magnesium, phosphorous, zinc and manganese decreases while calcium, sodium and iron increase with leaf maturity ( Ravindran & Ravindran, 1988 ). In Malaysian cassava cultivars, vitamin C was found to be 231 and 482 mg per 100 g fresh leaves in light and dark-colored leaves, respectively while it was reported to be 742 mg per 100 g in Ghanaian cultivars ( Lancaster & Brooks, 1983 ). The riboflavin values were found to be 0.33 and 0.51 mg per 100 g fresh leaves in light and dark-colored leaves, respectively ( Lancaster & Brooks, 1983 ). Table 2. Proximate composition of cassava leaves (g per 100 g dry matter). Component ( Achidi, Ajayi, Maziya-Dixon, & Bokanga, 2008) ( Oni et al., 2011) ( Ravindran & Ravindran, 1988) ( Lancaster & Brooks, 1983)TMS 30572 TME1 MS6 TMS 30555 TMS 30572 Idileruwa Very young Young Mature I IIMoisture 90.0 88.4 90.1 89.1 89.1 82.6 79.4 71.7 81.0Protein 33.8 37.4 23.5 24.0 20.8 19.7 38.1 28.6 17.7 24.7 36.3Lipid/Ether extract 6.3 6.6 7.3 6.0 a 7.0 6.6 3.8 5.9 6.8 3.5 6.8Starch 22.3 19.4Free sugars 12.5 14.0Ash 5.68 6.13 16.1 16.0 6.5 15.3 4.0 5.5 7.9 7.1 8.4Carbohydrate a35.7 31.9 45.8 43.6 38.2 64.7 48.4Crude fibre 19.5 18.6 8.3 16.4 27.4 14.1 11.1Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) 59.6 61.3 61.3 66.2 18.1 32.0 46.3Acid detergent fibre (ADF) 54.6 52.9 48.0 41.8 9.0 17.2 30.3Acid detergent lignin (ADL) 29.3 27.9 25.4 24.5Hemicellulose 9.1 14.8 16.0Cellulose 8.4 13.3 22.1Lignin 0.9 4.1 8.4a Carbohydrate was calculated by difference method. Table 3. Mineral composition of cassava leaves (mg/100 g dry matter). ( Achidi et al., 2008) ( Ravindran & Ravindran, 1988) ( Lancaster & Brooks, 1983)TMS 30572 TME1 Very young Young Mature I IIPotassium 1940 2044 2260 1850 1380 – –Calcium 748 697 430 960 1140 1071 758Magnesium 311 353 370 310 260Phosphorus 387 389 230 200 180 420 358Sodium 38 38 80 110 120 – –Manganese 20 25 24 16 16 – –Iron 20 21 15 24 27 27 15Zinc 12 15 21 17 16 – –Copper 5 7 4 5 4 – –Table 4. Vitamins in cassava leaves (mg/100 g dry matter). ( Achidi et al., 2008) ( Bokanga, 1994) ( Lancaster & Brooks, 1983)TMS 30572 TME1 I IIβ-Carotene (Vitamin A) 3.3 4.5 3.0 41.6 43.6Thiamine (Vitamin B1) 10.3 10.0 0.3 0.9 0.8Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) 0.6 2.1 1.7Niacin (Vitamin B3) 2.4 8.5 9.5Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 270.2 251.9 310 28.3 431.6The amount of total essential amino acids in cassava leaf protein is similar to that found in hen's egg and is greater than that in spinach leaves, soybean, oat and rice grain ( Oguntimein, 1988 ). The amino acid pattern of cassava leaf protein concentrate (CLPC) obtained by acid precipitation and ultrafiltration is presented in Table 5. A variety of literature sources about different maturity, varieties and CLPCs are compiled which show high essential amino acids as compared with the FAO recommended pattern ( Table 5) ( Ngudi, Kuo, & Lambein, 2003a; Ravindran & Ravindran, 1988 ). The variation in the amino acid profile may be due to the method of analysis, portion of leaf sample, maturity stage, cultivar, and ecological conditions ( Ravindran, 1993 ). An insignificant variation in the amino acid profile was reported for cultivars grown under identical conditions. It has found that the amino acid concentration decreases in the leaves with the maturity showing a maximum decline in lysine, while proline, glutamic acid and glycine increase and phenylalanine and valine remain unaffected ( Ravindran & Ravindran, 1988 ). Table 5. Amino acid composition and digestibility of cassava leaves (g/100 g protein). ( Castellanos, Altamirano, & Moretti, 1994) ( Eggum, 1970) ( Ravindran & Ravindran, 1988) ( FAO, 1991)PCU PCT 61584 Ohupon GCH 44086 Congo Very young Young Mature Histidine 2.4 2.7 2.3 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.5 1.1 1.9Threonine 4.2 3.6 4.4 4.3 4.7 5.0 4.5 3.2 3.4Tyrosine 7.2 8.3 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.6 4.0 2.8Phenylalanine 4.8 4.1 5.4 5.3 5.5 5.3 5.4 5.4AAA 12.0 12.4 9.4 9.4 9.5 9.9 9.4 8.2 6.3Valine 5.0 4.1 5.6 5.4 6.2 5.7 5.5 5.1 3.5Cystine 0.6 0.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.2 1.0 0.7Methionine 1.2 3.5 1.9 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.3SAA 1.8 3.9 3.3 3.3 3.7 3.2 2.8 2.0 2.5Isoleucine 3.9 4.2 4.5 4.3 4.9 5.0 4.4 3.9 2.8Leucine 8.2 8.1 8.8 8.2 8.9 7.2 6.6Tryptophan 0.7 0.6 2.0 2.2 2.2 – – – 1.1Lysine 5.1 4.9 5.9 5.6 6.5 7.5 5.6 3.8 5.8Non essential Aspartic acid 2.1 6.2 9.8 10.3 11.1 10.9 10.7 7.6Serine 3.9 4.1 4.6 4.6 5.2 5.7 4.4 3.3Glutamic acid 10.4 11.2 12.3 12.4 13.8 10.1 12.1 13.2Proline 4.3 4.5 – – – 3.7 5.0 5.8Glycine 4.9 3.9 4.9 4.8 5.4 4.7 5.7 12.1Alanine 4.3 4.1 5.7 5.8 6.2 6.3 5.7 3.2Arginine 7.5 7.1 5.3 5.1 5.5 5.7 4.2 4.0Digestibility (%) 85.0 80.0 74.5 74.9 69.5 72.6 70.1 65.7PCU: Cassava leaf protein concentrate obtained by ultrafiltration. PCT: Cassava leaf protein concentrate obtained by acidic thermocoagulation. AAA: Aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine + tyrosine). SAA: Sulphur amino acids (methionine + cysteine). Although cassava leaves are a source of valuable nutrients, it also has toxicity due to cyanogenic glucosides, and antinutritional factors such as high fibre content, tannins, polyphenols and phytic acid which reduce nutrient bioavailability, nutrient uptake and digestibility, eventually they may have toxic effects depending on the processing method and amount consumed ( Tables 2 and 6) ( Montagnac, Davis, & Tanumihardjo, 2009b; Wobeto, Corrêa, Abreu, Santos, & Pereira, 2007 ). Contrarily, depending on the ingested amount, some of these compounds can act as antioxidants and anticarcinogens ( Wobeto et al., 2007 ). Table 6. Anti-nutrients in cassava leaves (on dry matter basis). ( Wobeto et al., 2007) ( Padmaja, 1989)Ouro do Vale M4 H-1687 H-165 H-226 H-230412 months 15 months 17 months Tender Mature Tender Mature Tender Mature Tender Mature Tender Mature Hydrocyanic acid (mg/100 g) 11.3 20.9 29.2 123.8 43.6 127.8 54.2 193.1 72.9 223.8 73.6 162.0 70.9Tannins (g tannic acid/100 g) – – – 4.0 3.5 3.7 3.4 3.1 3.8 3.0 3.1 2.9 2.9Polyphenols (g/100 g) 6.2 5.2 9.2Trypsin inhibitor (ITU/mg) 2.8 1.9 2.8Saponin (g/100 g) 1.7 2.5 3.6Oxalate (g/100 g) 2.5 2.2 2.9Nitrate (mg/100 g) 74.7 ND NDITU: inhibited trypsin units; ND: not detected. Polyphenols are considered as antioxidants but they also bind with essential minerals and make them unavailable for absorption. In cassava leaves, polyphenols are condensed tannins which consist of anthocyanidins; among them two have been identified as cyanidin and delphinidin ( Padmaja, 1989 ). Mostly the polyphenolic compounds in the leaves are presented in a non-specific way and expressed as tannin equivalents ( Montagnac et al., 2009b; Padmaja, 1989 ). A variation in the cassava leaf protein digestibility is reported in different studies. The digestibility of the protein in young and old leaves was found to be 80% and 67%, respectively ( Bokanga, 1994 ). This decrease may be attributed to the condensed tannin in cassava leaves due to the indigestible tannin-protein complexes or negative effect on the enzyme activity ( Lancaster & Brooks, 1983 ). Oxalate as a simple di-carboxylic acid [ (COO)2 2−] is considered as an antinutrient in cassava leaves, which negatively affects the bioavailability of magnesium and calcium ( Massey, 2007 ). Oxalates bind calcium and excrete through urine or form crystals which might cause kidney stones. It is therefore advised to increase calcium and decrease oxalate to avoid this problem. Wobeto et al. (2007) reported oxalate concentrations ranging from 1.35 to 2.88 g per 100 g (DM) in the meals prepared with cassava leaves. However, the negative effect of oxalates on human health depends on the oxalate and calcium levels. In case of cassava leaves, calcium-to-oxalate ratio in five cassava cultivars was lower than the critical limit of calcium uptake ( Wobeto et al., 2007 ). Therefore, the oxalate levels in cassava leaf meals may not negatively affect the calcium uptake present in cassava leaves. The level of antinutrients varies depending on the maturity status, climate condition and variety of cassava. Wobeto et al. (2007) reported that 12 months old plants had lower contents of antinutrients (oxalate, cyanide, polyphenols, trypsin inhibitor and saponin) while 17 months old plants had lowest values of nitrate content and agglutinative activity in the cassava leaf meals (CLM). Hence, they found 12 month old cassava plants are the most suitable for the CLM preparation for human consumption. Non-protein amino acids, which consist of 60% free amino acids have been considered as aetiology of clinical disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases ( Müller, 1977; Rubenstein, 2000 ). Alanine, aspartic and glutamic acids are the main free protein amino acids found in the cassava leaves. The total free amino acids concentration having free protein amino acids and free non-protein amino acids was at least six times higher in cassava leaves as compared to the roots ( Ngudi, Kuo, & Lambein, 2002 ). Among non-protein amino acids, α-amino butyric acid (α-ABA) and γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) were detected in cassava leaf samples. GABA is reported to be involved in nitrogen storage, p H regulation, plant development and defense, a compatible osmolyte and an alternative pathway for utilization of glutamate in plants ( Shelp, Bown, & Mc Lean, 1999 ). In mammalian brain, GABA acts as a major inhibitory neurotransmitter ( Goldsmith, Earl, Ouvrier, Procopis, & Cummingham, 1990 ). A multifunctional natural plant hormone, trigonelline was also found in different cassava leaf samples ( Ngudi et al., 2003b ). Toxicity, diseases and detoxification Toxicity Cyanogenic glucosides are the most toxic compounds present in the cassava leaves. Three forms of cyanogens viz. cyanogenic glucoside (95% linamarin and 5% lotaustralin), cyanohydrins, and free cyanide are found in cassava ( Montagnac, Davis, & Tanumihardjo, 2009a; Montagnac et al., 2009b ). The hydrolytic enzymes, linamarase and hydroxynitrile lyase are localized in the cell walls of cassava leaf tissue ( Santana, Vásquez, Matehus, & Aldao, 2002 ). Linamarase and hydroxynitrile lyase are released when the plant tissue is disrupted caused by processing or by chewing. Linamarase catalyses hydrolysis of linamarin to glucose and cyanohydrins while hydroxynitrile lyase catalyses hydrolysis of cyanohydrins to hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and a ketone ( Fig. 2 ). The HCN release during the hydrolysis of cyanogens was reported to be highly toxic for all aerobic organisms including humans as HCN binds to cytochrome oxidase which is the last step in mitochondrial respiration hence prevent oxygen uptake ( Burns, Gleadow, Cliff, Zacarias, & Cavagnaro, 2010 ). Therefore, cassava consumption without adequate processing may cause serious illness or death of the consumers. Download full-size image Fig. 2. Hydrolysis of linamarin to glucose, acetone and hydrogen cyanide. Cassava is among two thousand plant species having cyanogenic glucosides ( Møller, 2010 ). Many food crops contain cyanogenic glucosides i.e. apple, wheat, sorghum and clover ( Burns et al., 2010 ). In contrast to cassava, either a small amount is consumed (e.g. almonds) or the cyanogenic glucosides are present in the non-edible part (i.e. wheat leaves and apple seed). Cassava leaves contain more than 100 ppm total cyanide (fresh weight basis) and are considered as highly poisonous. Before consumption the leaves have to be detoxified to less than 10 ppm, a safe limit proposed by the World Health Organization ( FAO/WHO, 1995 ). The level of cyanogenic glucosides vary with locations, cultivars and environmental conditions like drought (which increases the cyanogenic potential) and soil nutrient status ( Burns et al., 2012 ). Cassava leaves have 5 to 20 times more cyanogenic potential than that of the roots but also 200 times more linamarase activity ( Bokanga, 1994 ). Young emerging leaves have highest level of linamarin, which decreases to 50–70% in mature leaves while senescent (yellow) leaves contain insignificant amounts ( Nambisan, 2011 ). The bitter taste of cyanogenic glucosides functions as a feeding deterrent and is used to identify bitter and sweet cassava but sometimes is misleading ( Burns et al., 2010 ). Diseases Insufficiently processed cassava leaves may cause dizziness, headache, fatigue, nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting, stomach pains, weakness and sometimes leading to death ( Nhassico, Muquingue, Cliff, Cumbana, & Bradbury, 2008 ). High consumption of cyanogenic food and insufficient protein from improperly processed cassava products can cause irreversible spastic paraparesis (weakness of the legs) due to the damage of upper motor neuron, resulting in konzo ( Burns et al., 2010; Nzwalo & Cliff, 2011 ). Sulphur-containing amino acids (methionine and cysteine) are required to detoxify cyanide in humans. In cassava based diets, the cassava roots are a poor source of protein and the cassava leaves are consumed as source of protein which are deficient in sulphur amino acids with high content of cyanogenic glucosides hence cyanide poisoning are most common among the consumers ( Burns et al., 2010 ). Konzo has been reported as widespread in isolated rural areas of Sub-Saharan Africa where cassava roots and leaves are consumed without proper processing ( Ngudi et al., 2003a ). From year 1994 to 2009, maximum konzo cases have been reported in Democratic Republic of Congo (1303), followed by Mozambique (281) and Tanzania (238) ( Nzwalo & Cliff, 2011 ). Children (more than two years old) and pregnant or lactating women (less than 45 years of age) are frequently affected by konzo due to high nutritional demands and limited access to the alternative foods ( Cliff, Muquingue, Nhassico, Nzwalo, & Bradbury, 2011 ). In the most affected country, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) cassava dishes (roots and leaves) are highly consumed ( Lancaster & Brooks, 1983 ). Contrarily, cassava has been cultivated in South and Central America for thousands of years but konzo is unknown ( Burns et al., 2010; Mc Key, Cavagnaro, Cliff, & Gleadow, 2010 ). Proper information and education for food preparation would have a strong influence on effectively using the available resources. High cyanide exposure also aggravates iodine deficiency and causes goitre and cretinism ( Nhassico et al., 2008 ). Thiocyanate as resulting from metabolism of cyanide is well known to inhibit iodide uptake by the iodide pump of the thyroid gland and cause many toxic effects including goitre ( Ermans, Mbulamoko, Delange, & Ahluwalia, 1980 ). In Moaragala, South East of Sri Lanka, high prevalence of goitre (73 cases of goitre being reported to the Base Hospital in Sirigala in Monaragala) was noticed in connection with high consumption of cassava leaves ( Priyadarshani, Jansz, Peiris, & Jayasinghe, 2004 ). The situation was aggravated by poverty, drought, improper leaves' processing that promotes vitamin loss and ignorance of the presence of cyanogens in all parts of cassava plant. Tropical ataxic neuropathy (TAN), a chronic neurological disease is also associated either with cassava based diet or with cyanide exposure ( Burns et al., 2010; Nzwalo & Cliff, 2011 ). Elderly people in West Africa were affected by TAN who had depended on cyanogenic cassava-based diet for a long time ( Cardoso et al., 2005 ). Deafness, reduced visual perception, and an ataxic gait are the symptoms of TAN ( Onabolua, Oluwolea, Bokangaa, & Rosling, 2001 ). Detoxification Cassava leaves are consumed both, fresh and cooked in different parts of the world according to the taste preferences, economical status and availability of other food crops. Among the cassava leaf preparation in Africa, pounding or pounding with grinding are more common while cooking after pounding and grinding eliminate the risk of cyanide intoxication ( Bokanga, 1994 ). There are some modifications in the cassava leaf processing depending on the variety and country. Several traditional technologies have been developed to remove cyanogenic glucosides but each method has some limitations. In common practice, cassava leaves are pounded for about 15 min followed by boiling in water or boiling intact leaves for 10–120 min or longer ( Bradbury & Denton, 2011; Lancaster & Brooks, 1983; Ngudi et al., 2003a ). Pounding diminishes cyanogen content by 63%–73% while pounding/crushing followed by boiling eliminates 97% of the cyanogenic glucosides and completely removes cyanohydrin and free cyanide ( Montagnac et al., 2009b ). Bradbury and Denton (2014) also verified that by the traditional method of boiling pounded cassava leaves in water for 10 min all cyanogens can be removed, however, at the cost of nutritious ingredients. When cassava leaves are boiled for 15 min after chopping, about 85% of cyanogenic glucosides are removed in the presence of water ( Montagnac et al., 2009b ). Physical shearing by means of crushing, chopping and pounding are used to break cassava cell walls in order to facilitate linamarase to catalyse the hydrolysis of linamarin ( Sornyotha, Kyu, & Ratanakhanokchai, 2010 ). According to Bradbury and Denton (2011), pounding for 10 min followed by two washings at ambient temperature with double amount of water can remove 92% of total cyanide. Two further washings can reduce the total cyanide to 97%. In the same study, it was mentioned that immersing cassava leaves in ten times of their weight of water at 50 ± 3 °C for 2 h and one time changing the water and maintaining the temperature for 50 °C for 2 h can reduce the total cyanide by 93%. Recently, Bradbury and Denton (2014) found that three consecutive steps 1) pounding, 2) standing for 2 h in sun or 5 h in the shade in the tropics and 3) three times washing with water can reduce total cyanide content to 72%, 88% and 99%, respectively. However, there is need to compare the quality of the untreated and the processed leaves to verify that these processes are not seriously affecting the vitamins and protein. Since a lot of water is used to detoxify cassava leaves, there might be leaching of valuable nutrients. The cassava leaf products obtained by cooking for 1.5 h followed by sun drying resulted in a low residual cyanogen (20 ppm) product ( Montagnac et al., 2009b ). In another study, sun drying and shredding followed by sun drying was able to remove 93.2% and 95.2% cyanogens, respectively in cassava leaves ( Fasuyi, 2005 ). Steeping (24 h), steaming (above boiling water for 30 min) or oven-drying (80–90 °C for 24 h) of cassava leaves were inefficient and could remove 31%–41% of cyanogens ( Fasuyi, 2005 ). Although heating facilitates the evaporation of HCN (26 °C) and cyanohydrin, high temperature also inactivates linamarase eventually, retarding the cyanogen glucoside break down ( Bokanga, 1994 ). Severe processing conditions or extensive washing for preparing the cassava leaves may lead to huge vitamin losses ( Bradbury & Denton, 2010 ). For instance, 10 min boiling may decrease the vitamin C content by 60% ( Lancaster & Brooks, 1983 ), 30 min boiling may diminish protein content by 58% and methionine content by 71% ( Ngudi et al., 2003a ). A decline in free sugars (23.2%), ascorbic acid (77.7%) and thiamine (37.1%) was observed by processing ( Aregheore, 2012 ). Free amino acids present in cassava leaves were found to be decreased after cooking ( Ngudi et al., 2003b ). In a Congolese recipe, sodium bicarbonate is used in order to shorten heat treatment. Cassava leaves, cleaned with water at ambient temperature were pounded and mixed with bicarbonate (5 g per 1.5 kg of pounded leaves) ( Achidi et al., 2005 ). Sodium salt solution also has been found to render ‘quick-cooking’ of beans by ion exchange mechanism and by chelation ( Varriano-Marston & De Omana, 1979 ). This might be the reason for short cooking time of cassava leaves in the presence of bicarbonate. However, this treatment may increase the sodium concentration in the prepared food which may not be suitable for those who have high blood pressure. Cooked cassava leaves may fulfill the recommended daily protein intake (48 or 62 g) if consumed at the rate of 500 g per day as a case of DRC and Zaire ( FAO/WHO/UNU, 1985; Lancaster & Brooks, 1983 ). On the other hand, pounded cooked cassava leaves were deficient in histidine, lysine and sulphur amino acids methionine and cysteine/cystine ( Bradbury & Denton, 2014; Ngudi et al., 2003a ). In konzo-affected areas, the consumption of cassava leaves as major dietary protein source cannot compensate the methionine deficiency caused by cyanide detoxification in the body, especially when consuming improperly processed cassava leaves having high level of cyanogenic glucosides ( Essers, 1989; Hahn, 1992; Tshala-Katumbay, 2001 ). Hence the deficiency of these amino acids in the diet for the poor population can be overcome by promoting cereals and legumes as sources of lysine and sulphur amino acids in order to prevent konzo and malnutrition ( Ngudi et al., 2003a ). Sun drying alone eliminates 90% of the HCN and can be combined with chopping and wilting which can further make this processing effective. The cyanide potential in the final product can be reduced to 55 ppm DM by chopping and 3-day wilting before drying. Although CLM showed excellent storage stability, even after eight months of storage at room temperature (22–28 °C) there was no mould or insect infestation and cyanide content was reduced during storage but with a gradual decline in the crude protein content ( Ravindran, 1993 ). Moreover, storage of cassava leaves have also negative impact on the vitamin C content as at ambient tropical temperatures vitamin C is lost rapidly. In another comparative study, vitamin C was found to be 353.2, 247.6, 75.1, 45.1 and 37.5 mg (per 100 g fresh leaves) in cassava leaves from the plantation, from the market, and stored for 1, 2 and 3 days, respectively ( Lancaster & Brooks, 1983 ). A reduction of polyphenol content to 48% in oven-dried cassava leaves was observed, while it was retained at 62% in sun-dried, shredded and sun-dried, or steamed and sun-dried cassava leaves ( Fasuyi, 2005 ). The traditional processing methods do not completely hydrolyze/degrade cyanogens as there is a limited contact between linamarin and linamarase due to incomplete breakdown of plant cells. Therefore, cyanogens remain in the product, which may cause toxic symptoms ( Cardoso et al., 2005 ). Sun drying is an economical method to preserve micronutrient-rich foods but it takes few hours to several days depending on the weather conditions ( Aregheore, 2012 ). Solar drying coupled with suitable pretreatments can be introduced for cassava leaf processing. Lactic acid bacteria, moulds and yeast have also been reported to degrade linamarin after 24 h of treatment which is again time consuming and could not completely remove linamarin ( Sornyotha et al., 2010 ). Consequently, there is a need to develop simple, low cost and efficient detoxification processes without losing the key nutrients. Cassava leaf protein concentrate (CLPC)Cassava leaves have the same yield in terms of fresh material as the roots (about 10 t/ha) and are a good source of protein even better than typical tropical legumes. The protein yield was found to be 1334 kg/ha in Nigeria ( Müller, 1977 ). On fresh weight basis protein content was reported to be 4.0–9.6% while it was 20.6–36.4% DM ( Lancaster & Brooks, 1983 ). Hence, cassava leaves offer a great potential for protein extraction either for food or feed. High levels of chlorophyll and xanthophylls, high fibre and cyanide content in cassava leaves are limiting their use as a major protein source. These limitations could be overcome when the protein is extracted in the form of a juice followed by steam coagulation ( Ravindran, 1993 ). Therefore, CLPC attracted interest as a means of supplementing the diet. Various studies have been made on the preparation of CLPC. Cassava leaves are chopped, grinded and juice is pressed out which is coagulated with steam injection and the pressed cake is dehydrated. The soluble fraction is separated from the coagulated juice and concentrated to 50% (by volume) by evaporating ( Müller, 1977 ). In another study, leaf protein from 15 cassava cultivars, where total extracted nitrogen content was 58.7% on averaged, most of which was found to be true protein while the average protein nitrogen extracted was 44.9% ( Lancaster & Brooks, 1983 ). A wide variation in the extraction ranging from 20.2 to 64.7% with very low nutritional value in terms of low methionine and unavailability of lysine due to its reactions with aldehyde, quinines and polyphenols during long standing of the extract ( Tupynamba & Vieira, 1979 ). These variations may be due to extraction methods and different tannin contents in different varieties and cultivars of cassava leaves ( Ravindran, 1993 ). Therefore, attempts at industrial scale failed due to low protein extraction yield, high contents of tannins and low digestibility of the remaining fibre. Further research is required to develop novel technologies with improved protein recovery from cassava leaves. The composition of the CLPC reported by Tupynamba and Vieira (1979) was 38.4% protein, 2.9% crude fibre and 2.0% ash. However, Ravindran (1993) reported over 75.0% of the crude protein being true protein with papain digestibility ranging from 52.8 to 60.9% in CLPC due to the presence of tannin. The amino acid profile of CLPC was found to be superior to that of oilseed meals except sulphur-containing amino acids ( Ravindran, 1993 ). During CLPC production (pulping and pressing) the cyanide content was reduced by 75% of the cyanide in the fresh leaves. Cassava leaf protein concentrate (CLPC) deficient in methionine is not considered suitable for using as single protein supplement for cassava root based diets ( Lancaster & Brooks, 1983 ). This deficiency can be balanced with synthetic methionine. CLPC can be satisfactorily used as protein source for poultry and fish while the fibrous residue after CLPC extraction can be used for ruminants or biofuels ( Padmaja, 1989 ). Alternatively, cassava pellets can be produced either from the pressed cake or whole leaves and stem by reducing the moisture content to about 15–20% by dehydration or by pressing ( Latif & Müller, 2014; Oguntimein, 1988 ). The dried material can be used to prepare cassava meal with 24% protein by passing through a hammer mill and can be converted to cassava leaf pellets with a pellet mill. To enhance the storage period, antioxidants can also be added at the milling stage. Recently, ammonia treated cassava leaves were biorefined to produce protein concentrate and fibre having high enzymatic hydrolysis susceptibility to produce sugars which may be converted into ethanol ( Urribarrí, Chacón, González, & Ferrer, 2009 ). The high lignin content (16.8%) was considered as responsible for low protein extraction (29.1%). Therefore, if lignin is successfully separated, cassava leaves can serve as food, feed, and feedstock for bioenergy and biochemicals. Discussion and recommendations Cassava leaves are rich in protein, minerals and vitamins, favourably comparable with other green vegetables which may be used as an important supplement to prevailed starchy diets, if properly detoxified. Cassava leaves are used as food in various countries of the world but there are serious concerns about its consumption due to the antinutrients and cyanogenic glucosides. Cassava leaves have low digestibility which may be due to the high fibre content, tannins and poor amino acid availability in particular. Methionine availability is negatively influenced by tannins which further intensify the inherent deficiency of sulphur-containing amino acids in cassava leaves therefore methionine supplementation in cassava leaf-based diets is inevitable for tannin and cyanide detoxification. The available processing methods are either not able to completely detoxify cassava leaves or destroy or leach the nutrients during the detoxification process. Hence it is required to design suitable processes for efficient detoxification while retaining all the key nutrients. After efficient and economical detoxification, cassava leaves can provide an enormous source of safe and nutritional food for a vast majority of population and can increase food security. According to food security definition, everyone should have access to nutritious food on a sustainable basis hence food insecurity is not only affecting the 870 million hungry people of the world ( FAO, 2012) but also the additional 3 billion people who are able to get the minimum dietary energy requirement but not a sufficient amount of vitamins and minerals ( Berman et al., 2013 ). Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia account for 98% of the world's hungry and the largest proportion of undernourished people ( FAO, 2012 ). On the other hand, undernourishment and malnutrition leading to illness, disability, impaired cognitive development and premature death are the most apparent consequences of food insecurity ( FAO, 2012 ). Vitamin A deficiency is a significant public health challenge in 118 countries, especially in Africa and Southeast Asia. Micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent in populations depending on non-diversified plant-based diets. Fortification of common food items with high content of protein, micronutrients and vitamins have proved to be the most sustainable and cost-effective strategy to provide increased availability of protein and micronutrients in the diet. Small scale fortifications using several vehicles, like composite flour products may play a vital role to fight against energy, protein as well as micronutrients deficiencies. Cassava leaves are important candidate for such interventions and it can help to reduce malnutrition, such as anaemia, vitamin A and protein deficiencies in millions of people by introducing it as a vegetable or ready-to-eat snack in human diets ( Aregheore, 2012 ). Detoxified cassava leaves consumption can reduce malnutrition due to protein deficiency in the cassava root dependent society. It might also eliminate the chronic diseases especially konzo. This will overall improve the economic situation in concerned regions. In addition to food, detoxified cassava leaves can also provide a good source of feed hence will provide additional animal protein. Eventually, food security can be achieved by facilitating the people to have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet dietary requirements for healthy and active life. Several attempts have been made for protein extraction, none of them got acceptance yet from the industry due to various limitations. Cassava leaf protein extraction with simultaneous detoxification while retaining the nutrients can be a good option to efficiently utilize protein and nutrient rich cassava leaves. Cassava leaves have also been used in folk medicine. Although some efforts have been made to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy, further studies are required to exploit the medicinal potential of cassava leaves by identifying and isolating the bioactive compounds. Acknowledgements Authors are indebted to Stiftung Fiat Panis, Germany and Biomass Web Project 031A258F sponsored by BMBF (Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung), Germany for providing financial support. References Achidi et al., 2005 U. A. Achidi, O. A. Ajayi, M. Bokanga, B. Maziya-Dixon The use of cassava leaves as food in Africa Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 44 ( 2005), pp. 423 - 435Achidi et al., 2008 A. U. Achidi, O. A. Ajayi, B. Maziya-Dixon, M. Bokanga The effect of processing on the nutrient content of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) leaves Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 32 ( 2008), pp. 486 - 502Almazan and Theberge, 1989 A. M. Almazan, R. L. Theberge Influence of cassava mosaic virus on cassava leaf-vegetable quality Tropical Agriculture, 66 ( 1989), pp. 305 - 308Aregheore, 2012 E. M. 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Hidajat Contribution of cassava leaves used as vegetable to improve human nutrition in Indonesia Seventh regional workshop ( 2002), pp. 466 - 471 (Bangkok, Thailand)Wobeto et al., 2007 C. Wobeto, A. D. Corrêa, C. M. P. Abreu, C. D. Santos, H. V. Pereira Antinutrients in the cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) leaf powder at three ages of the plant Food Science and Technology (Campinas), 27 ( 2007), pp. 108 - 112View Abstract Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Direct Deposit NOW MORE CONVENIENT!Online Sign-Up for Direct Deposit Sign up online today!Electronic Direct Deposit allows delivery of your employee paychecks AND student refunds directly into your checking OR savings account. Benefits of Electronic Direct Deposit: Allows you to access your funds more quickly Saves time and gas that you would use going to and from your bank Provides your paycheck or refund without paper and travel, which contributes to Appalachian’s goal to operate more sustainably. Sign up online for electronic Direct Deposit. Please click on one of the links below to get started:1. For Electronic Direct Deposit to one bank only, click on the following link and follow the directions under the link.https://bannerweb.appstate.edu/pls/PROD/twbkwbis. P_WWWLogin Login using your Appalnet account information Click Employee Tab or Student Tab Click Direct Deposit Enrollment or Changes Complete Electronic Signup2. For Electronic Direct Deposit to multiple banks, please click on the link below. Complete the form, include required attachments, and return to the Payroll Office at ASU P. O. Box 32125, Boone, NC 28608Multiple Ban Direct Deposit Signip/Change Form [PDF]DIRECT DEPOSIT is one method the University uses to pay employees by having their net pay (Gross pay after taxes and other deductions) deposited directly into the employee’s checking or savings account. It is the most efficient, secure, and economical method of delivering payments; reducing the number of checks lost in the mail and reducing the fears associated with identity theft. Q. How does Direct Deposit work? A. Direct Deposit is simple. Once you have signed up for direct deposit you no longer have to go to the bank on payday to deposit your payroll check. Each payday your net pay will automatically be deposited into your account (checking/savings) by electronic funds transfer based on information provided by the Payroll Office to your bank. Q. How does Direct Deposit benefit me, the employee? A. Time Savings to the employee-No need to pick up check from your department, no waiting in line at the bank, and no special arrangements to make when you are planning to be out-of-town. Your pay is automatically available to you in your designated checking or savings account on payday. Q. When is my net pay deposited for each payday? A. All employees should check with their individual banks to determine the specific time their money will be posted to their individual checking or savings accounts. Payroll sends the bank files through with an effective date of payday each cycle but each bank determines individually what time the monies will post. Employees should always verify that their bank deposit has posted either by visiting their banks online system, calling their local branch, or checking balance on an ATM machine before making any financial transactions to avoid any penalties, etc. Q. How do I sign up for direct deposit? A. See above information on online sign-up! Otherwise, Faculty, EPA Administrative, Staff, and Non-Student Temporary employees should contact the Human Resource Office Benefits Department (Kathy Hamby, hambyka@appstate.edu ext 6485; or Angie Miller millerad@appstate.edu, ext 6769). All Student Employees (Graduate Assistants, Salaried Students, Hourly Paid Student Temporary, and Work Study employees) should contact the payroll office at 262-6422. Q. Is Direct Deposit Required? A. In keeping with a consistent, cost-effective fiscal policy, ASU adopted the policy mandating direct deposit per BUSINESS AFFAIRS MEMORANDUM NO. 2006-06 (PDF 98KB).

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Apple Blossom FestivalFestival in Biglerville, Pennsylvania

Home About Photos Reviews Events Posts Community See more of Apple Blossom Festival on Facebook Log Inor Create New Account Apple Blossom Festival Festival in Biglerville, Pennsylvania4.7Community See All2,080 people like this2,068 people follow this About See All33 Musselman Ave (62.62 mi) Biglerville, Pennsylvania 17307Get Directions (717) 677-7444www.acfga.info Festival · Organization Suggest Edits People2,080 likes418 visits People Also Like Destination Gettysburg Travel Company Gettysburg BBQ Festival Festival Adams County Irish Festival Festival Organizations in Biglerville, Pennsylvania Pages liked by this Page Gettysburg Dance Center Big Hill Ciderworks Rocky 98.5 WYCRPlaces Biglerville, Pennsylvania Organization Apple Blossom Festival English (US) · Español · Português (Brasil) ·Français (France) · Deutsch Privacy · Terms · Advertising · Ad Choices ·Cookies · More Facebook © 2018Photos See All Reviews4.7 13 Reviews Tell people what you think Alice Louise Brown· February 8, 2017A great way to spend the day. Great food and plenty of venders to suit everyone. The bus tours were the best part. See All Posts Apple Blossom Festival shared Destination Gettysburg 's event. September 8, 2017 ·This is an fun event full of food, music, and kids games happening TONIGHT in Gettysburg! The Adams County Fruit Growers Association helps sponsor the event. SEP811th Annual Salsa on the Square in Gettysburg Fri 5:30 PM EDT · Carlisle St, Gettysburg, PA 17325, United States Causes · 1,437 people Apple Blossom Festival August 19, 2017 ·Only this weekend left! You know you want awesome, delicious Adams County produce straight from the farm on your plate. Order off the Bounty of the County menu at any (or all!) of the 11 participating restaurants at www.acfga.info/restaurants. See what local chefs have cooked up! If the produce looks this good in the field, just image how good it will be on your plate. Restaurants Restaurants See more at ACFGA. INFOSee All Posts Apple Blossom Festival shared their post. August 12, 2017 ·Apple Blossom Festival added 4 new photos. August 12, 2017 ·Our great new event to celebrate Adams County produce has begun! You have 9 days left to visit any of the restaurants at www.acfga.info/restaurants/ and order off the "Bounty of the County" menu to enjoy beautiful, delicious Adams County produce. Let us know where you plan to go!Apple Blossom Festival added 4 new photos. August 12, 2017 ·Our great new event to celebrate Adams County produce has begun! You have 9 days left to visit any of the restaurants at www.acfga.info/restaurants/ and order off the "Bounty of the County" menu to enjoy beautiful, delicious Adams County produce. Let us know where you plan to go!Apple Blossom Festival shared Destination Gettysburg 's video. August 3, 2017 ·17,910 Views Destination Gettysburg August 2, 2017 ·This week on Gettysburg Road Tripping, we are at the Historic Round Barn & Farm Market, one of eight Adams County farms participating in the inaugural Bounty of ... See More Apple Blossom Festival shared their photo. August 3, 2017 ·Apple Blossom Festival updated their profile picture. August 2, 2017 ·Apple Blossom Festival updated their cover photo. August 2, 2017 ·Apple Blossom Festival shared Destination Gettysburg 's video. August 2, 2017 ·We, the Adams County Fruit Growers Association have a BRAND NEW EVENT beginning in 9 days! Destination Gettysburg has a great video about it below, and you can head to our Facebook page Bounty of the County or website www.acfga.info for the full list of restaurants to choose from!17,910 Views Destination Gettysburg August 2, 2017 ·This week on Gettysburg Road Tripping, we are at the Historic Round Barn & Farm Market, one of eight Adams County farms participating in the inaugural Bounty of ... See More Apple Blossom Festival updated their profile picture. August 2, 2017 ·Apple Blossom Festival added 3 new photos. July 11, 2017 ·In exactly 1 month the new Adams County produce event will begin! Go over to and like Bounty of the County for more updates! Or check out www.acfga.info/restaurants Apple Blossom Festival June 22, 2017 ·Love your Adams County produce? Love area restaurants? We have the perfect pairing just for you - Bounty of the County features local produce in special menu items in area restaurants. Go like our new facebook page or visit our website for more information! Bounty of the County Apple Blossom Festival June 22, 2017 ·We have exciting news! Check out the Bounty of the County page to learn about the new Adams County produce event. We want everyone to enjoy delicious Adams County produce with us at area restaurants on August 11th - 20th. Like the page to keep updated on our new event!www.facebook.com/ACBountyofthe Countywww.facebook.com/ACBountyofthe Countyfacebook.com Apple Blossom Festival June 22, 2017 ·We have a great new August event to celebrate Adams County produce! Visit our website to find out the details http://acfga.info/bounty-of-the-county/Bounty of the County Growers work hard all season long to grow tasty produce. In August, Adams County farms are harvesting apples, peaches, berries, and veggies. We want you to enjoy the fresh food the way the growers do - very soon after it's harvested. Click the "Learn More" button below to learn some of the farms…acfga.info Apple Blossom Festival August 30, 2016 ·Hello everyone! We are no longer holding an annual Apple Blossom Festival the first weekend of May. Don't fret, we're starting a brand new event in August 2017 to celebrate the bounty of food grown by Adams County fruit growers! Check back to this page, or www.acfga.info, for more information. Home The mission of the Adams County Fruit Growers Association is to promote the fruit industry of Adams County by initiating and supporting promotional programs, supporting and encouraging educational programs, growing and marketing research and development projects, and any other programs or projects t...acfga.info Apple Blossom Festival May 8, 2016 ·The sun is shining, the skies are blue, the Apple Blossom Festival is waiting for you! Will we see you here today? It's perfect weather Apple Blossom Festival shared Hollabaugh Bros., Inc. 's post. May 5, 2016 ·Hollabaugh Bros., Inc. added 4 new photos. May 5, 2016 ·The Apple Blossom Festival is this weekend at the South Mountain Fairgrounds, and the weather is looking about as good as it has been for the last two weeks! We ... See More See More

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https://www.bankofamerica.com/smallbusiness/business-financing/working-capital/business-loans.go

Secured Business Loans

Get capital for business projects Get started Loan amountfrom $25,000Fixed ratesas low as 4.50% †Loan termsup to 4 years when secured by business assetsup to 5 years when secured by CDs Origination fee0.5% of amount financed Why use a secured business loan? Expand your business or refinance debt with a loan secured by your choice of collateral. Our secured business loans feature low interest rates and convenient repayment terms. Qualifications: At least 2 years in business under existing ownership Minimum $250,000 in annual revenue Limited-time offer: Enjoy a waiver of certain loan fees on secured loans 1Loans that qualify must be between $100,000 and $2,500,000† Important rate and payment information

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https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20120319120043AANRj2M

What type of mutation causes sickle cell anemia?

Science & Mathematics Biology What type of mutation causes sickle cell anemia? Follow 5 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: A SUBSTITUTION. sickle cell anemia is most commonly caused by the hemoglobin variant Hb S. In this variant, the hydrophobic amino acid valine takes the place of hydrophilic glutamic acid at the sixth amino acid position of the HBB polypeptide chain. This substitution creates a hydrophobic spot on the outside of the protein structure that sticks to the hydrophobic region of an adjacent hemoglobin molecule's beta chain. This clumping together (polymerization) of Hb S molecules into rigid fibers causes the "sickling" of red blood cells Source (s):http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Hu... Peter S · 6 years ago1 0 Comment For the best answers, search on this site https://shorturl.im/QNRpx The type of mutation that causes sickle cell anemia is called substitution. This is when a single nucleotide is substituted by another. Example: a non mutant may have GAG but the mutation could be GTG. Julie · 2 years ago0 0 Comment Erythrocytes (red blood cells) are produced in the bone marrow. In Sickle cell anemia the cells are produced in a shape like a quarter moon or sickle shape. Normally red blood cells are round and they contain hemoglobin which carries the oxygen to the cells of the body. But with Sickle cell the volume of the cell is decreased and can't carry enough hemoglobin so you body is always starving for the oxygen. This is why it is so painful. Muscles cramp up when they don't get enough oxygen. God bless anyone afflicted with this terrible disease. Daany · 6 years ago0 0 Comment Big Pharma Companies Hate This... Hello, my name is Ken Drew... In this short and controversial health exposé, I’m going reveal the one amazing little secret, long suppressed by Big Pharma, that will bulletproof your body against the scary illnesses like Cancer, Heart disease, Diabetes, Alzheimer's, Arthritis and more....and its something that you can do right now in your home. Without ever popping a single pill, getting any dreaded needle, prescriptions of any kind. Even sidestepping alternative therapies that never seem to work. Ineffective supplements that waste time and frustrate you to no end. Not to mention tear a hole in your wallet... ... Or even put you in an early grave. Think of how you felt today - http://reversediseasetoday.info/young-again-1543.html Anonymous · 4 years ago0 0 Comment It is a point mutation where one base is switched for another. When the m RNA is translated the amino acid valine is added instead of glutamic acid. Source (s):brain. Freddyfrito · 6 years ago0 0 Commentpoint mutation LINSY T · 4 years ago0 0 Comment Maybe you would like to learn more about one of these? Train To Be a Project Manager Get a Master's Degreee Online Online education an option? Explore Digital Home Security

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https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20060904190435AAU7j6R

When did the first Air Jordans come out?

Sports Basketball When did the first Air Jordans come out? Follow 10 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: The Air Jordan is a brand of Nike basketball shoes named after Michael Jordan. Jordan signed the deal with Nike in 1984. In 1987, Nike introduced a logo depicting Jordan doing a slam dunk. The shoes sold well from the start, and remain lucrative for Jordan (who earned $33 million from the deal in 2003) and Nike ($500m in 2003). wikipedia.com Meh · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment Jordans Coming Out Source (s):https://shrink.im/a8de Ecrihfield · 1 year ago0 0 Commenthttp://www.topsneakeronsaleshop.com he dredged up the ball with the feet that wearing Nike shoes. When the ball was on his hand, he made a bound and s slam dunk. The instant was like walking in the air. Since then, the individuals have been familiar with the figure of Air Jordan and Nike. The victory of the ad shows the power of the rhythm. In the rhythm, speed and vigor are completely revealed.https://s.yimg.com/tr/i/3a5faa4718d24fae906fa9a176b1ec43_A.jpeg Anonymous · 4 years ago0 0 Commenthttp://www.jordansneakershop.us Menhaden are a small, oily fish that are a critical source of food for striped bass, bluefish, osprey, loons, dolphins, whales and other species. They have been overfished 52 out of the last 54 years, based on standards adopted recently by the ASMFC. Menhaden populations are now at the lowest levels on record, at only about 8 percent of their historic highs. http://www.jordansneakershop.ushttps://s.yimg.com/tr/i/26dbfed2acdf40198cb26ca263fc70e4_A.jpeg Anonymous · 4 years ago0 0 Comment All retro Jordans come with retro cards, except originals. Like the XX2 and the 21's are originals right now... (Those retro 1's should come with one unless it was on clearance or that they specified it. Audrey · 2 years ago0 0 Comment91 or 89ben s · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment1985 or 1986chipbrooks13 · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment85-86avery s · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment Yesterday. Flamingo · 1 decade ago0 1 Comment85 i believe Free · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment1 2 next Maybe you would like to learn more about one of these? How to treat asthma? What's the news on diabetes? Considering an online college? Try online nursing courses?

D2872544

http://drexel.edu/scdc/co-op/what-is-co-op/

What is Co-op

What is Co-op Co-op, short for cooperative education, is a program that balances classroom theory with periods of practical, hands-on experience prior to graduation. Through the co-op program, students are able to alternate academic study with full-time employment, gaining practical experience in their field of study. Drexel University has been a pioneer in cooperative education since 1919 – operating one of the largest cooperative education programs in the nation. Over 1650 business, industrial, governmental, and other institutions "cooperate" with Drexel in offering students the opportunity to acquire practical experience in employment related to college studies. Drexel students also have the opportunity to explore research, national and international co-op experiences.

D3500408

http://www.gardenguides.com/138581-plant-grass-seeds-texas.html

How to Plant Grass Seeds in Texas

Home »Lawn How to Plant Grass Seeds in Texas By Elton Dunn; Updated September 21, 2017A lush, thick lawn provides a strong first impression to guests visiting your home. Grass seed is easy to sow and grow, but Texas gardeners must choose the right grass for their hot summers in order to maintain a thick green lawn. Many types of grass grow well in Texas, though some are better suited to northern Texas and others to the hotter southern region. In Texas, plant grass seed in the spring or the fall. Do not plant in summer, since it's too hot then. Select a grass seed that performs well in Texas and will work for your lawn needs. Texas A & M University recommends Bermuda, Buffalo, Carpet, Centipede, Tall Fescue, Zoysia or St. Augustine grass varieties. All About Lawns notes that St. Augustine grass cannot withstand much activity, and that Bermuda grass dislikes shade. Walk around your lawn removing any objects such as rocks, sticks and garden furniture that will get in the way of grass seeding. Note any bare patches. Mow your lawn with a lawnmower to make the existing grass as short as possible. This will help the new grass take over. Rake the soil on bare patchy spots to loosen the top 1/4 inch. Use a small hand rake. Add topsoil to even out the grade on your lawn if necessary. Fill in low spots by adding soil with a small shovel, then smoothing it out to match the soil level nearby. Sow grass seed by hand or using a mechanical spreader. Greenview Fertilizer recommends using 16 seeds per square inch. Cover the grass seed with a grass seed accelerator. This holds the seeds in place and provides nutrients. Water the newly planted grass seed until the soil becomes moist, but not wet. Water once a day (or more often, to keep the soil moist) until the grass shoots become 2 inches tall. Things You Will Need Grass seed Lawnmower Small rake Topsoil Grass seed accelerator Water References All About Lawns: Choosing the Optimum Grass for Texas Lawns Texas A & M: Outstanding Grasses for Texas Greenview Seeding: How to Plant Grass Seed About the Author A successful website writer since 1998, Elton Dunn has demonstrated experience with technology, information retrieval, usability and user experience, social media, cloud computing, and small business needs. Dunn holds a degree from UCSF and formerly worked as professional chef. Dunn has ghostwritten thousands of blog posts, newsletter articles, website copy, press releases and product descriptions. He specializes in developing informational articles on topics including food, nutrition, fitness, health and pets. More Articles How to Plant Fescue Grass How to Plant Grass Seeds in Bare Spots How to Plant Winter Rye Grass in North Texas How to Plant Texas Tuff Grass How To Plant Grass in the Summer The Best Ways to Grow Grass From Seeds

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https://www.yummly.com/recipes/healthy-wheat-bran-muffin

Healthy Wheat Bran Muffin Recipes

Healthy Wheat Bran Muffin Recipes466 Recipes Anything you want to exclude?without milk without flour without buttermilk without brown sugar without vanilla extract no restrictions Skip Last updated Apr 02, 2018

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http://www.mamashealth.com/child/babble.asp

.

Baby Babble Baby Babble and Sound Imitation Babbling is a normal part of development in babies. Babbling usually begins during the third month as the infant starts to make cooing and gurgling sounds. Babbling may be sporadic at first. However, with time and practice, most infants come to love the sound of their own voices and will practice using their vocal chords. Infant babble and speech progression is common throughout different cultures and races. When the infant is about nine months of age, it begins to imitate sounds and learn their native language.<Babble Conversation Babies are very observant. They can become tuned into conversations caregivers are having. Infants will focus their eyes back and forth between the individuals who are having the conversation, much like one who is observing a tennis match. They listen for changes in pitch, tone and watch facial expressions. Infants will try to engage their caregivers in a conversation using their baby babble. When their gurgle or coo is met with a response, the infant will become excited and the babble will continue back and forth as the baby realizes he is communicating with you. This is an infant’s first introduction into communicating through conversation. How To Encourage a Baby’s Babble and Language Development When an infant first starts to vocalize through babbling, it is important that it is met with positive feedback. The tone of voice and facial expressions of caregivers encourage infants to use their vocal sounds more often. While the infant is unable to understand what is being said to them, the pleased expressions on a caregivers face prompts more conversation. Infants will even pause in their babble so you can respond to them. Baby talk by parents is encouraged. Infants respond and learn from high-pitched voices and short words or sentences. Infants will become engaged to your words and come to understand what you are saying. They will learn to place names and words for people and objects. Speaking slow, repeating words and using simple words is the key to communicating with infants.

D1969204

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Fossil+footprint

trace fossil

Correct all you're your grammar errors instantly. Try it now.trace fossil (redirected from Fossil footprint) Also found in: Encyclopedia .trace fossiln. A fossil consisting of an imprint or mark left by an organism, such as a footprint or a tunnel, in contrast to a fossil of an organism's remains. American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.trace fossiln (Palaeontology) the fossilized remains of a track, trail, footprint, burrow, etc, of an organism Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © Harper Collins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014trace′ fos`siln.a fossilized track, trail, burrow, boring, or other structure in sedimentary rock that records thepresence or behavior of the organism that made it. Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd. Copyright 2005, 1997, 1991 by Random House, Inc. All rights reserved. Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: Facebook Twitter Finally, Farlex brings you all the rules of English grammar, all in one place, explained in simple terms. The Farlex Grammar Bookis available now in paperback and e Book formats.

D403016

https://www.universetoday.com/77077/how-fast-is-mach-1/

How Fast is Mach One?

Guide to Space How Fast is Mach One? Article written: 11 Jul , 2017 Updated: 11 Jul , 2017 by Matt Williams Within the realm of physics, there are certain barriers that human beings have come to recognize. The most well-known is the speed of light, the maximum speed at which all conventional matter and all forms of information in the Universe can travel. This is a barrier that humanity may never be able to push past, mainly because doing so violate one of the most fundamental laws of physics – Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity. But what about the speed of sound? This is another barrier in physics, but one which humanity has been able to break (several times over in fact). And when it comes to breaking this barrier, scientists use what is known as a Mach Number to represent the flow boundary past the local speed of sound. In other words, pushing past the sound barrier is defined as Mach 1. So how fast do you have to be going to do that? Definition: When we hear the term Mach 1 it is easy to assume it is the speed of sound through Earth’s atmosphere. However this term is more loaded than you might think. The truth is that a Mach Number is a ratio rather than an actual direct measurement of speed. And this ratio is due to the fact that the speed of sound varies from one location to the next, owing to differences in temperature and air density. An F-22 Raptor reaching a velocity high enough to achieve a sonic boom. Credit: strangesounds.org Mathematically, this can be defined as M = u / c, where M is the Mach number, u is the local flow velocity with respect to the boundaries (i.e. the speed of the object moving through the medium), and c is the speed of sound in that particular medium (i.e. local atmosphere, water, etc). When the speed of sound is broken, this results in what is known as a “sonic boom”. This is the loud, cracking sound that is associated with the shock waves that are created by an object traveling faster than the local speed of sound. Examples range an aircraft breaking the sound barrier to miniature booms caused by bullets flying by, or the crack of a bullwhip. Speed of Sound: Basically, the speed of sound is the distance traveled in a certain amount of time by a sound wave as it propagates through an elastic medium. As already noted, this is not a universal value, but comes down to the composition of the medium and the conditions of that medium. When we talk of the speed of sound, we refer to the speed of sound in Earth’s atmosphere. But even that is subject to variation. However, scientists tend to rely on the speed of sound as measured in dry air (i.e. low humidity) and at a temperature of 20 °C (68 °F) as the standard. Under these conditions, the local speed of sound is 343 meters per second (1,235 km/h; 767 mph) – or 1 kilometer in 2.91 s and 1 mile in 4.69 s. Classifications: As with most ratios, there are approximations and categories that are used to measure the speed of the object in relation to the sound barrier. This gives us the categories of subsonic, transonic, supersonic, and hypersonic. This categorization system is often used to classify aircraft or spacecraft, the minimum requirement being that most of the craft classified have the ability to approach or exceed the speed of sound. The Cessna 172, a commercial, propeller-driven aircraft that is classified as subsonic. Credit: Wikipedia Commons/Adrian Pingstone For aircraft or any object that flies at a speed below the sound barrier, the classification of subsonic applies. This category includes most commuter jets and small commercial aircraft, though some exceptions have been noted (i.e. supersonic commercial jets like the Concorde ). Since these craft never meet or exceed the speed of sound, they will have a Mach number that is less than one and therefore expressed in decimal form – i.e. less than Mach 0.8 (273 m/s; 980 km/h; 609 mph). Typically, these aircraft are propeller-driven and tend to have high aspect-ratio (slender) wings and rounded features. The designation of transonic applies to a condition of flight where a range of airflow velocities exist around and past the aircraft. These speeds are concurrently below, at, and above the speed of sound, ranging from Mach 0.8 to 1.2 (273-409 m/s; 980-1,470 km/h; 609-914 mph). Transonic aircraft nearly always have swept wings, causing the delay of drag-divergence, and are driven by jet engines. A-12 First Flight Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 1:35The next category is supersonic aircraft. These are craft that can move beyond the compression of air that is the “sound barrier.” These craft generally have a Mach number of between 1 and 5 (410–1,702 m/s; 1,470–6,126 km/h; 915-3,806 mph). Aircraft designed to fly at supersonic speeds show large differences in their aerodynamic design because of the radical differences in the behavior of flows above Mach 1. These include sharp edges, thin wing sections, and tail stabilizers (aka. fins) or canards (forewings) that are capable of adjusting. Craft that typically have this designation include modern fighter jets, spy planes (like the SR-71 Blackbird) and the aforementioned Concorde. The last category is hypersonic, which applies to aircraft that can exceed the speed of Mach 5 and can achieve speeds as high as Mach 10 (1,702–3,403 m/s; 6,126–12,251 km/h; 3,806–7,680 mph). Very few aircraft can move at such speeds, and tend to be rocket-powered (like the X-15 ), scramjets (like the X-43, or Hyper X), or spacecraft that are in the process of leaving Earth’s atmosphere. Another example is objects entering the Earth’s atmosphere. These can take the form of spacecraft performing re-entry, or meteorites that have passed through and broken up in Earth’s atmosphere. For example, the meteor that entered the skies above the above the small town of Chelyabinsk, Russia, in February of 2013 was traveling at a speed of about 19.16 ± 0.15 km/s (68,436 – 69,516 km/h; 42,524 – 43,195 mph).Взрыв метеорита над Челябинском 15.02.2013.avi Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video. In other words, the meteorite was traveling between Mach 55 and 56 when it hit our atmosphere! Given its tremendous speed, when the meteor reached the skies above Chelyabinsk, it created a sonic boom so powerful that it caused extensive damage to thousand of building in six cities across the region. This damage, which included a lot of exploding windows, resulted in 1,500 people being injured. So how fast is Mach One? The short answer is that it depends on where you are. But in general, it is a speed that exceeds about 1200 km/h or 750 mph. If you’re capable of going this fast, you will be breaking the sound barrier, and people for miles around will be hearing about it!We have written many interesting articles about sound here Universe Today. Here’s What is Sound?, What is the Fastest Jet in the World?, What is Air Resistance?, and What Does NASA Sound Like? For more information, check out NASA’s Article about the Mach Number, and here’s a link to a lesson about the Mach Number. We’ve recorded an episode of Astronomy Cast all about the space shuttle. Listen here, Episode 127: The US Space Shuttle. Sources: NASA – Mach Number Wikipedia – Mach Number Aerospaceweb – Speed of Sound, Mach Number & Sound Barrier Share this: By Matt Williams - Matt Williams is the Curator of Universe Today's Guide to Space. He is also a freelance writer, a science fiction author and a Taekwon-Do instructor. He lives with his family on Vancouver Island in beautiful British Columbia. We’re About to Get Our Closest Look at Jupiter’s Great Red Spot Why Are Planets Round?aircraft, Chelyabinsk meteor, Featured, hypersonic, mach 1, mach number, spacecraft, speed of sound, supersonic Related posts Zoom In, and In, and In! on this Amazing Falcon 9 Photo by Brady Kenniston New Saturn Storm Emerging? Io Afire With Volcanoes Under Juno’s Gaze Leave a Reply You must be logged in to post a comment.

D3262562

https://deavita.net/new-venetian-gold-granite-modern-kitchen.html

New Venetian Gold granite â grace, style and stunning appearance

New Venetian Gold granite – grace, style and stunning appearanceadded to 0 people+ add to favorite New Venetian Gold granite is a beautiful granite in beige and golden tones. The veining in dark red, gray and brown give the granite its unique character. Despite its name, new Venetian Gold granite has nothing in common with Italy. The granite is quarried in Brazil and is also known as Brazilian Gold, San Tropez, Vecchia Oro or Yellow Ornamental. In Brasil it is called Ouro Brasil. New Venetian Gold granite countertops for an extraordinary kitchen New Venetian Gold granite is very popular with designers as it is design-friendly and versatile. New Venetian Gold granite countertops fit in various styles because of the warmer, golden, neutral tones, the black/grayish veining and brown garnets. If you intend to add value to your home, or simply remodel your dated boring kitchen, New Venetian Gold is an ideal choice. The granite works well with neutral or earthy tones for more traditional designs and at the same time fits equally well in bold sleek modern designs. Every slab of granite offers a unique beauty of its own. The light colors of the granite combined with white cabinets lighten up the room, while dark wood finishes and solid wood floors create a warm and inviting contrast. Combining cabinets in white and dark colors is also a winning combination which makes the granite look very sophisticated. You could use it as a backsplash for your kitchen to add to the elegant look and high end atmosphere. Dark cherry or light bamboo cabinets – this is up to your taste. Pros and cons of New Venetian Gold granite Like most natural stone products, New Venetian Gold granite needs to be sealed to extend its life. The good news is that granite countertops require minimum maintenance. Once sealed, they will require resealing at certain periods of time and your local dealer will give you the necessary instructions. What you need to know is that the granite is highly resistant to heat and scratches. In addition it is stain resistant and eventual spills will not cause damage to your new countertop. New Venetian Gold is a perfect choice for food preparation, for breakfast bars or kitchen islands with seating where you can enjoy a meal with family and friends. Smooth and polished – these countertops will keep you happy for a long time.

D1643116

http://www.brighthub.com/environment/science-environmental/articles/84726.aspx

Bright Hub

The Ecological Importance of Fishwritten by: ciel s cantoria•edited by: Donna Cosmato •updated: 1/24/2013Have a closer look at the fish ecology through this article & know where their communities could likely exist. As we explore the ecological importance of fish & other marine organisms, we will realize how our excessive demands have led to the destruction of their ecosystem. Find out how & why…The Fish Ecology Our appreciation of the ecological importance of fish will begin by understanding how and where fish life could likely exist. Any reference to fish life includes sharks, rays, lampreys, chimeras, hagfish and lungfish, albeit jawless marine vertebrates. The ecological structure of fish communities depends on the kind of aquatic habitat and environment in which they move around and subsist. Various fish types exist in almost all possible and habitable water realms. Fish ecology is described as the entire system by which fish life exists as a pelagic inhabitant. The term pelagic refers to matters associated with the sea or body of water without any specific requirement about the depth of the water realm. Coastal areas provide the ideal location for fish life to flourish. These are parts of the sea, where the nutrients coming from the bottom of the ocean are deposited, as they are brought up by the natural flowing movements of the oceans and seas. These nutrients provide nourishment for the phytoplankton, which are microscopic marine organisms, usually in a bacterial form or as single-celled plant life, and they represent the basic link in an aquatic ecology’s food chain. Other fish habitats can be found in nektonic areas of the ocean where nekton organisms survive as they actively move and swim in bodies of water like the ocean or lakes. . The nekton ’s role in the marine food chain varies because they come in different sizes; a nekton could be as short as few centimeters or be as long as 30 meters. Hence, nektons to a fish community could be prey or predator. They can be represented by shrimps, squids, octopus, sharks and humpback whales, and because they have distinct methods of swimming, they have the ability to migrate even amidst strong ocean currents. Fish who flourish in the deepest parts of the ocean rely on benthic organisms or benthos as their basic food stores. Benthic habitats also exist in near shore or estuarine zones at less than 200 meters deep, like the coral reefs, kelp forests, seagrass or eelgrass beds. This is where the benthos organism like hard clams, mussels and bay scallops could find shelter and protection against the buffering waves. However, the types of benthos that provide food for the fish community are the worms, plants and the shrimp-like amphipods. Now that we know where fish ecology likely exists, their subsistence and environmental characteristics, we can proceed with our brief study of the ecological importance of fish. Fish: Their Ecological Importance Coastal communities are the first to benefit from the different fish species that forage for food in estuaries, marshes, wetlands, mangroves and bay areas. Mankind’s creator designed the aquatic ecosystem in such a way that food can be provided in areas that are more accessible. However, human beings found more uses for marine life aside from their function in the food chain. The demand for fish supply became greater than what was preordained. Different types of fisheries were developed and came to be known as “capture fisheries". The fishing activities are further sub-categorized by the species captured, by the gears used and by the size of the industry, whether in small or industrial scales. By these alone, we could form an idea as to how extensive the demand for fish life came to be. In fact, human beings developed such an extra-ordinary liking for fishing activities that fish-catching became a source of recreation. Coastal communities largely encouraged their visitors to engage in recreational fishing because it brought them additional sources of income. Inns, cottages, campsites, real estate properties flourished, souvenir shops and fishing-gears stores mushroomed, diners, restaurants and water parks and all sorts of income-generating businesses were established. Soon enough, families came in hordes as they found likely spots where they could spend their vacation and engage in other water activities aside from fishing. They could surf, wakeboard, water ski, race in power boats, or explore the deeper parts of the ocean via snorkeling or scuba diving. In doing the last two, they came to discover a diversity of colorful and interesting marine lives in existence, which led to their cravings to own and bring home these creatures as well. However, the cravings turned into another form of livelihood because the exotic fish specie s were quite attractive as habitués in aquariums and exhibits. Whereas formerly man was content with a single goldfish in a bowl or several in a man-made pond, aquariums became the popular modern concept as technologies were developed to create artificial fish ecology in glass tanks of different sizes. Know the impacts of ecology degradation if we continue over exploiting our aquatic resources. Read the details from this article. Fish: More Examples of Their Ecological Importance Other sectors of the fishing industry found more uses for different fish parts and are enumerated as follows: The fish scales were developed into raw materials for artificial pearls and decorative beads. The fish substance known as isinglass derived from the air bladders of a fish became an important raw material for glue production because of their gelatinous consistency. The fish offal or the fish trimmings like the heads or fish bones was rich in protein and its use went beyond culinary purposes, as different fish types contained different levels of nutrients. They could be used as fish meal or converted into fish silage. Fish silages are whole or fish parts converted into liquid form and used as additional ingredients for animal feeds. Unsold or surplus fish were also industrially composted to produce nitrogenous fertilizers. The oil extracted from fish livers are good sources of Vitamin D while whales are providers of blubber oil. These are only the most popular uses of fish; it could expand even more as different chemicals are combined to exploit the rich nutrients or even the toxic substances found in various fish species. However, the ecological importance of fish life was overlooked as mankind’s demand became even greater. Perhaps, the word exploit is an understatement as we continue to bring our discussion to the many problems that beset the ecological structure of aquatic life as a whole. The Problems that Beset the Fish Ecology The massive demand for fish led to over-exploitation i n such dimensions that it caused the depletion of fish supply not only in coastal and near shore areas.but in the deeper regions as well. Water pollution coming from all sources affected the entire vastness of the ocean. Floods, garbage, polluted water run-offs, oil spills, sunscreen wash-offs, chemical dumping and even ocean acidification all contribute to the contamination as well as eutrophication of the water where fish ecology could survive. As technology advanced, so did mankind’s water activities. Large fishing vessels for one, make use of trawls and dredges that scrape the bottom of the sea, in order to catch as many as several tons of fish in just a single fishing expedition. The rapid dwindling of fish life was aggravated by tons of non-targeted fish being thrown back to sea as discards; they merely spoil or rot and become unfit even as fish meals. Other methods of fishing make use of explosives and could, likewise, cause the unnecessary deaths of thousands of marine creatures left dying in the ocean floor. As observers had predicted, the total lack of concern for the ecological importance of fish and other marine lives led to the extinction of several species as well as the widespread endangerment of many more. The Impacts of Fish Ecology Degradation and Destruction To briefly discuss the impact of fish ecology degradation and destruction, we’ll use as an example the salmon fish type, which previously held a record of 1,400 salmonid populations. Today, 29% of these salmon species, including pink salmon, had disappeared and are believed to have become extinct. This led to a coast wide closure of fisheries in the Northwest Pacific. The once bustling coastal communities are now suffering from the ecological degradation of their coastal areas. Government regulations and restrictions have been instituted as attempts to recover the loss of these natural resources. The dollar values of community losses are placed at an annual figure of $10 to $20 billions, and that long-term efforts have been undertaken to restore the once abundant salmon population. However, researchers still have a long way to go since results prove that this fish species does not respond well to controlled environments. The impacts of fish habitat destruction and fish decline have been noted on a global scale not only in America. Based on the conclusions drawn by the researchers from their studies of the ecological importance of fish, the entire aquatic ecosystem has limited capacity for self-restructuring following ecological disturbances. This is one reason why fish supply could not meet the extensive demand. Hence, there are urgent calls for human actions to prevent and eventually eliminate all possible sources of ecological disruption. Otherwise, we are warned of more fish extinctions and the high probability of food shortage. Reference Materials and Image Credit Section Reference Materials: Aquatic and Related Terrestrial Ecosystems --- http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11139&page=59Cumulative Effects of Coastal Habitat Alterations on Fishery Resources: toward Prediction at Regional Scales --- http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol14/iss1/art16/Population and the Environment: The Global Challenge Excerpts from a Johns Hopkins University report ---http://www.actionbioscience.org/environment/hinrichsen_robey.html Image Credit: All Images are Courtesy of Wikimedia

D1872663

https://www.lonelyplanet.com/tanzania/weather

When to go and weather

When to go and weather Entry and exit formalities Air Submit a correction Send this Print Email°C °F mm in Zanzibar Town Go Jan–Dec Dar es Salaam Go Jan–Dec J F M A M J J A S O N DLow Season (Mar–May)Heavy rains make secondary roads muddy and some areas inaccessible. It seldom rains all day, every day. Landscapes are lush and green. Some hotels close; others offer discounts. Shoulder (Oct–Feb)Weather is hot, especially December through to February. From late October, the mvuli (short rains) fall and the kusi (seasonal trade wind) blows. High-season prices from mid-December to mid-January. High Season (Jun–Sep)Weather is cooler and dry. Hotels in popular areas are full, with high-season prices. Animal-spotting is easiest, as foliage is sparse and animals congregate around dwindling water sources.10 day weather forecast °C °FToday31°CSat 731°CSun 831°CMon 930°CTue 1031°CWed 1129°CThu 1228°CFri 1328°CSat 1428°CSun 1528°CSubmit a correction Send this Print Email Money and costs Entry and exit formalities When to go and weather Getting to Tanzania Air Land Getting around Tanzania Air Arriving Bicycle Boat Bus Car and motorcycle Hitching Local transport Train Health and safety Toilets Insurance Dangers and annoyances Health Legal matters Advice for travellers Travelling with children Women travellers Working and volunteering LGBT travellers Travellers with disabilities

D2045994

https://www.polygon.com/2017/12/20/16801222/pubg-1-0-release-time-pc-steam

Hereâs when PUBG 1.0 goes live on Steam (update)

News PC Windows Here’s when PUBG 1.0 goes live on Steam (update)1Nine months of tweaking all comes together this evening By Charlie Hall @Charlie_L_Hall Updated Dec 21, 2017, 5:44am ESTShare PUBG Corp. Update: As of 3:01 a.m. EST, Battlegrounds ’ 1.0 is now live. Players, the maintenance is over and PC 1.0 is finally here! We really hope you enjoy it. Please download the updated client if you haven't already. Thank you for waiting and thank you all for supporting us so generously. This is just the beginning! #This Is Battle Royale pic.twitter.com/b4x Xb6Pe L6— PLAY BATTLEGROUNDS (@PUBATTLEGROUNDS) December 21, 2017Playerunknown’s Battlegrounds is set to have a full release on Windows PC today. It’s certainly not the final release, as the developers has a few more significant additions up their sleeve. But the 1.0 version marks the end of a long road through early access that began in March 2017. Today, PUBG Corp. laid down the final timeline. According to a tweet sent from the game’s official account early this morning, Battlegrounds will leave Steam Early Access on Wednesday, Dec. 20, at 11 p.m. PST. Players, we will be leaving Early Access and launching PC 1.0 on Dec 20 11PM PST. The maintenance on live servers for 1.0 will start Dec 20 6PM PST / Dec 21 3AM CET and last for 5 hours. 1.0 release patch notes and our plans beyond the release will be shared with you soon.— PLAY BATTLEGROUNDS (@PUBATTLEGROUNDS) December 20, 2017Patch notes will accompany the launch, but it’s expected to include vaulting and climbing, full 3D replays and the new Miramar desert map. All of these features have been on PUBG ’s test server for several weeks, and been rigorously tested by millions of players in that time frame. But hiccups are already happening. Scheduled server maintenance has been bumped up by two hours, and will begin on Dec. 20, at 4 p.m. PST/7 p.m. EST. Servers are expected to be offline for at least five hours while the update takes place. We’ll keep tabs on the situation throughout the day, and update this story as necessary. Polygon included Battlegrounds in our list of the top 50 games of 2017 and, with this final release pending, our Chris Plante even wrote a proper review, calling the game “imperfectly perfect.”The four best improvements to PUBG since launch Looking back on nine months of incremental improvements Read more More From Polygon Logan Paul’s first Twitch stream starts with obscene imagery in chat, massive trolling Solo: A Star Wars Story’s new trailer finally brings in the major action Overwatch League suspends player indefinitely over sexual misconduct allegations Is Destiny 2 dead? PUBG wants its players back from Fortnite, which is great news for everyone Trending Law Breakers studio’s next game is an ’80s-infused, battle royale game show Myst Kickstarter offers $1,000 tier that’s actually worth it The Simpsons’ response to The Problem With Apu draws ire from fans, critics Loading comments... The Latest Westworld showrunners want to ruin season 2 before Reddit does By Julia Alexander 9 comments A Quiet Place offers parents their worst nightmare By Ben Kuchera 13 comments Dark Souls Remastered fixes Blighttown By Michael Mc Whertor 12 comments The Besties pick the best games of March 2018By Justin Mc Elroy 2 comments Stucky, Tumblr’s favorite Avengers pairing, only grows stronger after latest tease By Julia Alexander 12 comments Think Geek’s new swimwear collection features Mario, Captain America and corgis By Emily Heller 8 comments

D3069175

https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20071206213029AASRYqc

For how many hours will a cup of coffee keep you awake?

Food & Drink Other - Food & Drink For how many hours will a cup of coffee keep you awake?i'm up late writing a final paper...1 following 14 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: for me...coffee at home keeps me up for only 30 minutes tops. Coffee does nothing for me unless I drink it every second of the night which is disgusting. It's different for everyone though. If you want to stay awake heres a good trick.....not only drink coffee but have energizing foods such as fruits. Also have some other foods that have caffeine in them like chocolate. DONT eat too much that will get you full and ull want to sleep. Just eat a few every so often it will keep you awake. If you feel like you want to sleep, don't always try to fight it, it never works. This is what I do......when I feel sleepy i just let it happen, I don't fight it, then after letting it sink in for say...1 to 5 mintues, wake up and ull feel energized. It's weird I know, but trust me it always happens, and it works like a charm. Also try running around the house, or do some kind of small workout, it will speed up your heart rate and ull wake up a bit and feel energized. Drink red bull or a monster (energy drinks) if you can get your hands on one that late. ANOTHER thing that works is washing out your face with cold water, it feels good and it wakes you up trust me. It is my last resort sometimes. God bless you and may he keep you awake lol. Source (s):im a Master at Staying up. Tony · 1 decade ago21 4 Comment Asker's rating The caffeine will keep you up for a bit, but your better off with Water, Orange juice or fruit to keep your brain awake and then have coffee to get you going in the morning. Good Luck on your paper Helpfulhannah · 1 decade ago1 2 1 comment For the best answers, search on this site https://shorturl.im/awe Nv It depends on the person. I drink a lot of coffee even at night and it doesn't keep me awake. My sister, however, can only drink decaf or she gets nervous and is up half the night. Why not try decaf coffee or herbal tea? Good Luck with your paper. Goodnight. Marcia · 2 years ago0 0 Comment We discussed this at work one evening, when I was on graveyard shift. According to one co worker, he read that the effects of one cup of caffeinated coffee only stays in your system about two hours or so. One lady I worked with could drink it around the clock and it wouldn't keep her awake. It's odd how caffeine effects people so differently. I think your body can get itself immune to it, if you drink it a lot. Jackie Blue · 1 decade ago5 0 Comment That really depends on you. I personally could drink a cup of cuban coffee or even a cappacino and nod off faster than it took me to drink it. I'm not affected by caffeine in that way. So to answer your question.. it depends on you. Are you easily stimulated by caffeine? Is it strong coffee? How much did you drink? etc. Angel A · 1 decade ago2 1 Commentit depends on how strong the coffee is...during exams I sleep at around 5 am....then wake up at 6 am...basically it keeps me up from 3-5 hours...but i'm speaking of 1-2 cups of strong coffee...very little cream...just to take away the bitterness and lots of sugar...to keep my hyper... anyways if you're not very comfortable with coffee...just keep on drinking cold water...it will keep you up...i've tried that before when i wasn't a drinker of coffe yet...but now, i'm a coffee addict...just ME · 1 decade ago1 1 Comment Sometimes my coffee in the morning keeps me up til night. I guess it just depends on the person. But believe me you will crash hard! !miznikki07 · 1 decade ago1 2 Commentthe amount of coffee that is drank and the size of the individual and the age and gender of the person all come into consideration with this question.rudy86 · 1 decade ago9 2 Comment Me either; it depends on how much caffeine you use day to day. Lynette · 2 years ago0 0 Comment A couple more, if your brew it hard, but your alertness may wane Experto Credo · 1 decade ago1 1 Comment1 2 next Maybe you would like to learn more about one of these? Find Moving Container Services Considering an online college? Online education an option? Psoriatic arthritis symptoms?

D1354902

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2557013/How-love-hormone-doesnt-live-Oxytocin-make-women-friendly-men-competitive.html

How the 'love hormone' doesn't always live up to its name: Oxytocin is found to make women friendly but men more competitive

How the 'love hormone' doesn't always live up to its name: Oxytocin is found to make women friendly but men more competitive Study suggests behaviour differences are combination of culture and biology In both sexes, oxytocin improved their ability to interpret social situations Previous research by the same group found that oxytocin is also released in negative social interactions such as jealousy By Ellie Zolfagharifard Published: 14:55 EDT, 11 February 2014 | Updated: 15:06 EDT, 11 February 20145View comments The reason why men are competitive and women are more social has been explained - and it’s all down to the hormone oxytocin. Although known as the love hormone, it affects the sexes differently and not always in a loving way. Researchers have discovered that in men it improves the ability to identify competitive relationships, whereas in women it enables the ability to identify friendship.+2Following treatment with oxytocin, researchers found that in women it was the ability to correctly identify friendship that got better‘Women tend to be more communal and familial in their behaviour, whereas men are more inclined to be competitive and striving to improve their social status,’ said Professor Simone Shamay-Tsoory, lead researcher at the University of Haifa in Israel. RELATED ARTICLESPrevious 1 Next Leger painting revealed as a fake: Traces of Cold War BOMBS... Is your left side is your BEST side? People pose in same... Share this article The hormone oxytocin is released in our bodies in various social situations and our bodies create it at high concentrations during positive social interactions such as falling in love, experiencing an orgasm or giving birth and breastfeeding. But in previous research Professor Shamay-Tsoory discovered that the hormone is also released in our body during negative social interactions such as jealousy or gloating.+2In men the 'love hormone' improves the ability to identify competitive relationships, according to the study'LOVE HORMONE' HOLDS THE SECRET TO LOOKING BEAUTIFULWhen a man tells his wife or girlfriend she looks nice, it’s not because of her new haircut or high heels. Instead, it’s his hormones doing the talking. A German study published in November found that a whiff of the ‘cuddle chemical’ oxytocin made men rate their partners as being more attractive. Lead author Dirk Scheele at the University of Bonn said: ‘When the men received the oxytocin instead of placebo, the reward system in the brain was very active when viewing their partner and they perceived them as more attractive than other women. 'However, the hormone, which is released when we hug or kiss, did not make work colleagues or strangers look more beautiful in men’s eyes. The current research, published in Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, used 62 men and women aged 20 to 37. Half of the participants received a dose of oxytocin while the other half received a placebo. After a week, the groups switched with participants undergoing the same procedure with the other substance. Following treatment, video clips showing various social interactions were screened. Participants were asked to analyse the relationships by answering questions that focused on identifying friendship, intimacy and competition. The participants were expected to base their answers, among other things, on gestures, body language and facial expressions. The results showed that oxytocin improved the ability to better interpret social interactions in general. When the researchers examined the differences between the sexes they discovered that following treatment with oxytocin, men’s ability to correctly interpret competitive relationships improved, whereas in women it was the ability to correctly identify friendship that got better. Professor Shamay-Tsoory concluded: ‘Our results coincide with the theory that claims the social-behavioural differences between men and women are caused by a combination of cultural as well as biological factors that are mainly hormonal.’Advertisement Share or comment on this article Most watched News videos Embed this Heart-warming moment stolen French bulldog is reunited with family Man removes floral tributes to burglar killed by OAP in... 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MOST READ NEWSPrevious Next● ● ● ●Comments 5Share what you think Newest Oldest Best rated Worst rated The comments below have not been moderated.recently_lobotomized, sf bay area, United States, 4 years agomaybe it makes them competitive so that they'd sacrifice themselves in war for their tribe or take risks to take care of loved ones?623Click to rateheartless harry, nottingham, United Kingdom, 4 years ago I think i will stick to the ale hormone..and if i find a drunk woman (and the chances are, i`m onto a winner around here) then that`s just a bonus410Click to rate Loftur Hjalmarsson, reykjavik, Iceland, 4 years agomaybe men compete more to get the woman , wanting to fight or manipulate others away, or get good things like food to bring her to charm her and win her, or show her he has higher social status, to get her. jealousy makes you want your lover more then, makes sense.221Click to rate Marcus, Sydney, Australia, 4 years ago What is the difference between a vitamin and a hormone ? Well , you cannot make a vita-min , but if you do it right , you can a hor-mone.1328Click to rateuserpete86, Irvine CA, United States, 4 years ago I think we can still call this the love molecule. Women love things by getting along, men love things by trying to kill larger creatures.824Click to rate The views expressed in the contents above are those of our users and do not necessarily reflect the views of Mail Online. We are no longer accepting comments on this article. More top stories Site Web Advertisement Like Daily Mail+1Daily Mail Follow@Daily Mail Follow Daily Mail Follow@dailymailtech Follow Daily Mail Download our i Phone app Download our Android app Today's headlines Most Read Has Tutankhamun's tragic teenage wife been found? Documentary on the dig for the body of Ankhesenamun who... Is the world going to end THIS MONTH? Conspiracy theorists claim biblical Rapture is coming April 23 when... 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Isla Fisher is cowgirl chic in straw hat and frilly white dress at Stella Mc Cartney brunch Stars flocked to the alfresco brunch Photos show bruising and cuts suffered by Nick Gordon's girlfriend after he allegedly punched her in the face during drunken rage Bobbi Kristina's ex Luann de Lesseps says she isn't looking to date right now.. after showing off sensational bikini bod The Real Housewives of New York star opened up Dance Moms star Abby Lee Miller looks on the verge of tears as she leaves halfway house in Los Angeles... after trip to emergency room Dwayne 'The Rock' Johnson reveals he may run for president in 2024 as he leads the stars at the UK premiere of his new film Rampage Kaley Cuoco wears 'lover' T-shirt while on coffee run with pretty friend who exposes her tummy After a gym session in Los Angeles Ivanka Trump flashes a cheery smile and wave as she leaves her D. C. home looking very glamorous in vibrant $1,100 skirt and matching boxy blouse Tristan Thompson arrives at Four Seasons Hotel in NYC with strip club worker just days before pregnant girlfriend Khloe Kardashian's due date Advertisement Coco Austin dismayed as she gets a parking ticket while out in New Jersey rocking multicolor ensemble She wore a head-turning outfit Cynthia Nixon says marijuana is 'effectively legal' for white people but lands people of color in jail as she reveals her position to legalize the drug across New York Kendra Wilkinson enjoys night out with Tori Spelling and other stars amid amicable split from Hank Baskett At The Millennial Mamas' Mom's Night Out event Black-ish creator Kenya Barris may follow Shonda Rhimes out of ABC after clashing over 'racially-charged' episode - as the network shifts to the right SEBASTIAN SHAKESPEARE: Spot the difference? Look how Kate Moss' half-sister Lottie has blossomed Her enlarged chest has set tongues wagging Selena Gomez looks happy as she promotes Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation with Andy Samberg Bouncing back from Justin Bieber split Failed romances, a marriage plagued by drug use and 'serial cheater' Tristan Thompsonl: Inside Khloe Kardashian's tormented love life Bride-to-be Princess Eugenie sports a shiny new bob as she examines a pair of stripey socks and visits a gin stall at a charity event in London Louis CK takes his dog to the park in NYC during rare sighting since last year's sexual assault allegations He's kept out of the public eye Jenelle Evans' ex-husband Courtland Keith Rogers is arrested for selling drugs and hit with 'habitual felon' charge Teen Mom 2 star's ex Advertisement Justin Bieber has awkward incident with fan who hands him a FAKE $100 bill Justin Bieber was leaving the El Rey Theatre in Los Angeles Jenna Dewan looks tense on her way to yoga class in Los Angeles after split from husband Channing Tatum Keeping life normal Jennifer Lopez, 48, looks exhausted at Miami gym with boyfriend Alex Rodriguez after canceling Las Vegas show The Queen and Sir David Attenborough are voted the most admired people in Britain in new poll that ranks Jeremy Corbyn higher than Pope Francis Elizabeth Hurley, 52, shows off her enviable figure in TINY blue snakeskin bikini on Instagram Actress smoldered for her followers Justin Bieber's blue Lamborghini spray-painted with the phrase 'cash only' outside spin class...days after his khakis were marked with same phrase Christina El Moussa and Tarek El Moussa film Flip Or Flop together post-divorce Looked to be getting on just fine despite their dramatic breakup Lamar Odom 'feels terrible' for ex Khloe Kardashian as it's claimed boyfriend Tristan has cheated KThe poair have stayed close despite breakup Entire Kardashian clan unfollows Tristan Thompson on social media after NBA star is caught 'cheating' on pregnant Khloe days before birth January Jones sports pink hoodie for flight out of LAX... after spending spring break in a swimsuit She has been dreaming about The Rock Advertisement Chris Brown's ex Karrueche Tran lets rainbow dress ride up exposing her hot pants in Miami Looked boadacious filming her TNT show Miley Cyrus parades her fantastic figure in Calvin Klein sports bra during lunch with Liam Hemsworth Singer, 25, aimed for a subdued-yet-sexy look Angelina Jolie and Bill Gates are the world's most admired people, survey finds - beating out Oprah Winfrey and Barack Obama Surbey by You Gov Khloe Kardashian's beau Tristan Thompson 'is a serial cheater' and 'more women will talk' Shocking stories emerging as he is linked with TWO women Martha Hunt dons semi-sheer top that reveals her bra while carrying golden balloons through New York Stunning model, 28, took dog for a walk Brad Pitt 'has key to new love Neri Oxman's apartment and spends nights there' Movie star is said to be dating hot professor at MITDiane Kruger chugs yogurt drink while bundled up in hoodie and jacket in NYC She has a sensational figure that she often flaunts Naomie Harris goes braless in plunging blazer as she joins Dwayne 'The Rock' Johnson at the star-studded UK premiere of Rampage PICTURED: Strip club worker who 'spent weekend with Tristan Thompson' as 'SEX TAPE' of NBA star with second woman emerges EXCLUSIVE: Celebrity trainer Bob Harper meets for the first time the young doctor who saved his life after suffering a near-fatal heart attack in the gym Advertisement Amal Clooney nails summer chic in stunning florals as she steps out in NYC... after revealing all on finding love with George and life with their twins Elton John calls Miley Cyrus 'the sexiest lady in the whole wide world' as he discusses Revamp album Pair teamed up for Grammy Awards duet ABC's The Great American Baking Show series 'will not return' following sexual harassment scandal Starred Ayesha Curry and Paul Hollywood Pauly Shore's mom Mitzi who helped Jay Leno, Jerry Seinfeld and Robin Williams with their stand-up careers dies at age 87 Comedy Store owner Busy Philipps is retro chic as she arrives at Today studios in NYC in floral skirt and orange turtleneck Actress showed her flair for style Kim and Kourtney Kardashian shock fans as they post saucy bikini photos... hours after Tristan Thompson is caught 'cheating' on heavily pregnant Khloe'You remember don't you Mr Cosby?' The disgraced comedian is unfazed as sexual assault accuser addresses him directly from the witness stand Dank je! Delighted Queen Maxima of the Netherlands accepts a bouquet from a well-wisher at a conference in Zandvoort Kate Hudson cradles her bump in first outing since pregnancy reveal as she flashes diamond on ring finger Actress is expecting her third child Khloe Kardashian's fans flood Tristan Thompson's Instagram with snake emojis after cheating scandal NBA star spotted kissing another woman Advertisement Amy Schumer reveals she knew Chris Fischer was 'the one' only one month after they started dating Comedian opened up about getting married Robin Thicke and girlfriend April Love Geary dote on their newborn baby Mia at cozy lunch in Malibu Little girl was born in February Mariah Carey reveals battle with bipolar disorder: Singer, 48, admits she 'lived in denial and constant fear' over shock diagnosis Tristan Thompson's ex Jordan Craig, 26, breaks her silence to plead for peace after NBA star betrays Khloe Kardashian She has a son with him Kourtney Kardashian looks incredible in tiny black string bikini as she joins sister stunning Kim on the beach in Turks And Caicos Gigi Hadid looks chic in all-black ensemble in NYC after talking about losing weight The 22-year-old wore a a cardigan over a turtleneck Gigi Hadid reveals she 'misses her a** and t**s' after thyroid disease caused her to rapidly lose weight Stunning model has lost a lot of weight Penelope Cruz, 43, cuts an effortlessly chic figure in a blazer and embellished top for film event in her hometown of Madrid Actress is in Spain Emily Ratajkowski rejected husband's marriage proposal... but then he won her over with romantic gesture Tied the knot soon after they started dating Sex And The City star Kristin Davis splashes out $5.3 million on majestic five-bedroom villa complete with stunning canyon views and swimming pool Advertisement Outfit Princess Diana wore in iconic photograph walking across an Angolan minefield to go on display for FIRST time at Kensington Palace Nicole Murphy, 50, looks ready for summer as she enjoys lunch outing with mystery man in Hollywood Eddie Murphy's ex had a blast Riley Keough dons a pink Louis Vuitton blouse and admits she plays a lot of 'tough bad b*****s' Elvis' granddaughter turns 29 next month Eva Longoria shows off her large baby bump in unforgivably tight white dress as she heads to interview with Jimmy Kimmel Daring fashion move Liv Tyler looks truly radiant in soft pink coat and bright red lipstick as she cuddles up to her dog Neal in NYC Actress turned heads as she stepped out Luann de Lesseps flaunts her fabulous figure in skimpy white bikini after shedding eight pounds during her court ordered stint in rehab Lady in red! Queen Letizia puts in a glamorous appearance in a striking red Zara coat as she visits a university in southwestern Spain Princess Sofia, 33, shows off model looks as she joins pretty in pink sister-in-law Victoria, 40, for kids' forum at Stockholm's royal palace Meghan Markle's father Thomas gets his very own 'throne' as he buys toilet for his Mexican home ahead of his daughter's royal wedding Kerry Washington makes some bold fashion statements in NYC to plug Scandal finale Dropped into Good Morning America to dish Advertisement Ben Affleck 'buys $19.2million LA mansion with seven bedrooms, cinema and spa... as he relocates to be close to ex Jennifer Garner and three kids''He souldn't be here': Patriots owner Robert Kraft visits rapper Meek Mill in prison and demands 'criminal justice reform' Probation violation Harry will embark 'on his own special relationship' when he weds Meghan, says US ambassador as prince launches veterans' walk across America Cardi B masks her baby bump yet flashes her cleavage at album launch... days after confirming pregnancy Expecting first tot with fiancé Offset Abby Lee Miller 'sent to emergency room after leaving her halfway house in ambulance' Reality star was sent to a hospital in Los Angeles PICTURE EXCLUSIVE: Kourtney Kardashian's beau Younes Bendjima spotted hugging Leonardo Di Caprio's girlfriend Camila Morrone after night out The Greatest Couple! Hugh Jackman, 49, writes gushing tribute to wife Deborra-Lee Furness, 62, as the couple celebrate 22 years of marriage Brad Pitt attends LA Dodgers game against Moneyball team Oakland Athletics after new romance reports He is 'absolutely smitten' with Neri Oxman Sheree Whitfield 'FIRED from Real Housewives of Atlanta'... a decade after first appearing on series She will not be returning next season Amanda Bynes demands Twitter and Instagram remove fake accounts asking fans to send her money because she is too broke to buy her meds Advertisement Georgina Chapman leaves house that Harvey Weinstein has reportedly sold for $26.5m amid allegation she KNEW of his lewd behavior Roseanne cast then and now: see how the stars have changed since their school days Some classic shots of the ensemble have been unearthed Paul Bettany admits he proposed to Jennifer Connolly TWICE... as diary clashes made him miss out on The Crown Reveals why he didn't land coveted role Amy Schumer was persuaded to get married by Adele... but singer PULLED OUT of officiating her wedding to partner Chris Fischer at the last minute'My heart is broken for you sis': Amber Rose reaches out to rival Khloe Kardashian via Instagram amidst Tristan Thompson cheating scandal That's not a mermaid tail! Blanca Blanco flaunts her toned booty in skimpy swimsuit for Malibu shoot The exquisite beauty left little to the imagination Sophie Turner admits she's still in shock over her engagement to Joe Jonas six months ago Revealed she has found a sense of calm after finding 'the one'Khloe and Tristan drama couses social media meltdown: Fans go wild with memes as video surfaces of basketball star 'kissing another woman'Bar Refaeli shows off her impressive post-baby body in slinky black slip dress at jewelry bash in Paris Leonardo Di Caprio's model ex 32Jenna Dewan after Channing Tatum split: Actress spotted on LA set of musical drama Mixtape as she returns to work following shock marriage breakdown Advertisement Proud auntie! Duchess of York's sister Jane carries identical version of Fergie's favorite tote bearing princesses Beatrice and Eugenie's faces Amber Rose leaves little to the imagination as she grinds with shirtless hunks in raunchy new photo-shoot Sexy campaign Brad Pitt is 'absolutely smitten by' MIT professor Neri Oxman as 'their chemistry is off the charts' 'Got romantically involved almost right away'Blac Chyna's teen boyfriend YBN Almighty Jay proposes to her on Instagram 'Will You Marry Me?' the 18-year-old rap artist wrote Brooklyn Beckham fires back at Chloe Moretz in 'f*** you' socks after she hints at cheating ex following THAT kiss with Lexi Wood Singer Janelle Monáe dances around in VAGINA pants and shows off fake pubic hair in new music video that 'celebrates self love and sexuality'Bindi Irwin pays touching tribute to 'amazing' brother Robert in sweet snap for National Sibling Day... days after meeting Prince Charles Hello petal! Emily Ratajkowski shows off hint of svelte torso in floral print crop top on Jimmy Fallon's show She is currently promoting her new film Paris Jackson cuddles late dad Michael in edited family snap... but fans slam Photoshop as 'creepy' Shared a fan edit of her late musician father Screenwriter Dustin Lance Black slams 'homophobic' radio caller who tells him 'two blokes can't bring a baby up' Having baby with beau Advertisement Coco Austin rocks red and white outfit as she joins Ice-T and baby Chanel for Nordstrom NYC opening Chose a stylish ensemble Robert De Niro cuts a relaxed figure with his unkempt beard as he takes a stroll around New York City The Oscar winner, 74, sported cozy knitwear EXCLUSIVE: Tristan Thompson caught on video locking lips with a brunette at Manhattan club just days before Khloe Kardashian is set to give birth to their baby Mommy and me! Lingerie model Sarah Stage breastfeeds her cherubic five-month-old son Logan as she poses in glamorous gowns for ethereal shoot Eva Longoria 'breaks her waters' on Pauly D during pregnancy game on Ellen De Generes show and reveals she 'hasn't done anything' to prepare for baby Things get spices on Real Housewives Of Beverly Hills as Lisa Rinna and Erika Girardi wear lingerie and latex in Berlin Red hot outfits Justin Bieber makes an awkward fashion faux pas as he steps out in socks and sliders for Adam Sandler's comedy show Vibrant red sports socks Making a splash! Demi Lovato shows off her cleavage in plunging outfits as the new face of CORE Hydration water Showcased her curves Rita Ora shows off her flair for fashion in a striped jumpsuit and funky shades as she arrives in Germany Rapper looking stylish as ever Busy Philipps flatters amazing figure in exquisite velvet suit as she enjoys lavish cocktail soirée Enjoyed a day off acting duties Advertisement Prince Harry becomes patron of British veterans' 1,000-mile coast-to-coast trek - raising expectations he'll take Meghan to US for first overseas trip Amber Heard mocks dog smuggling scandal with ex Johnny Depp as she takes pooch to Syrian refugee camp Previously falsified quarantine documents Ladies who lunch! Snooki cuts effortlessly chic figure in flowing black jumpsuit as she steps out for food with Deena Cortese Jersey Shore stars Blac Chyna follows Lani Blair on Instagram... the woman Tristan Thompson 'spent night with' Robert Kardashian's ex-fiancee Dame Joan Collins, 84, is hand in hand with fifth husband Percy Gibson, 52, as they step out for dinner in Hollywood Walking hand in hand Her type of guy! Sofia Richie keeps casual in slouchy co-ord and shades as she heads for coffee with Scott Disick lookalike pal in Los Angeles Liam Payne and Cheryl EXCLUSIVE: 1D singer CONFIRMS couple are back on track after make or break vacation as he returns to the UKHell for leather! Nicki Minaj flashes cleavage in jaw-dropping black ensemble at Los Angeles Lakers game She wore her blonde locks pulled up on top Sienna Miller displays makeup free complexion as she steps out in casual outfit in NYC Worlds away from her red carpet glamour Selma Blair goes makeup free as she displays her slender pins in boho-inspired sundress in LA Showcased effortlessly off-duty style Falling for each other! Kendall Jenner and Scott Disick go skydiving together...after she mocked his romance with Sofia Richie Waist-ing away! Kylie Jenner flaunts her toned stomach after giving birth just two months ago Already lost her pregnancy weight? 'This is far more amazing than I would have dreamed': Ruby Rose expresses appreciation for her life in the wake of split from Jess Origliasso'I don't wanna have a Tiffany Haddish moment': Pregnant Cardi B refuses to talk about her meeting with Beyonce and Jay-Z during TRL takeover'It's out of character': Kylie Minogue reveals the surprise way she'll mark her milestone 50th birthday... as she says she's feeling 'great' ahead of her big day Dream come true! Katharine Mc Phee makes Broadway debut in Waitress and is all smiles at first night curtain call Beamed with pride Bella Hadid flashes cleavage in sheer bandeau top paired with black suit at Dior event in Tokyo At the center of attention again Is she fur-real? Hilary Duff bundles up for a casual dinner date with boyfriend Matthew Koma in NYC They've been dating on and off for over a year Motor racing star Jenson Button takes the trash out as he enjoys a low-key break from 2018 Super GT $100 million star shows he's just like us Orlando Bloom exhibits his torso as he goes shirtless for Malibu beach day with beloved dog Mighty Orlando, 41, was seen soaking up the sun Kim Kardashian and sister Kourtney sport tiny bikinis in Turks and Caicos for National Sibling Day The sisters are currently on a beach getaway Arrow star Katie Cassidy reveals she turned down the chance to date Prince Harry because she didn't want to be known as his 'girl' David Cassidy's girl Solemn Jaime King returns for first time to site of frightening Beverly Hills attack and hugs restaurant worker who helped her during the ordeal Kourtney Kardashian flaunts her figure in crop top and track bottoms in LA after tropical vacation with sister Kim in the Caribbean Feline fine! Paris Hilton rocks a cat hoodie as she takes her dog Diamond Baby to the salon in Beverly Hills Animal-loving star Earning her fashion stripes! Eva Longoria dresses up baby bump in clingy grey dress ahead of appearance on Jimmy Kimmel Expecting first child Blac Chyna designs dream home with sex room, money vault and helipad for Architectural Digest More outlandish than Christian Grey's home? 'It's respectful to do your research': Matty Samaei hits back at RHONY's Bethenny Frankel for not knowing who her Australian counterparts are Highest earning TV drama actress Ellen Pompeo reveals how she negotiated $575,000 per episode of Grey's Anatomy and how YOU can too Anna Faris says her son Jack is 'surrounded by love' after split with ex Chris Pratt on Ellen She called it quits with estranged husband Chris Pratt in August Laverne Cox, 45, FINALLY debuts photo of hunky boyfriend after meeting on Tinder NINE months ago The pair looked very cozy together Singer Aubrey O'Day shares sultry lingerie snaps amid Donald Trump Jr. divorce drama Former Danity Kane star posted VERY provocative photos Astley's back! Westworld fans get Rick Roll'd by the HBO show's creators who'd promised season 2 spoilers 24 minute video online Simpatico! Jennifer Lopez and Alex Rodriguez wear matching white athletic tops on gym visit in Miami Also wore sunglasses That's hair-raising! Russell Crowe shares bizarre social media profile picture of his beard on Twitter following his 'Art Of Divorce' auction The ONLY arm candy to be seen with this season! Beyoncé, Kylie Jenner and achingly cool bloggers go wild for 'ultra luxe' Dutch buggy brand Stylish mom-to-be! Kirsten Dunst covers baby bump in chic black maternity dress as she steps out for lunch date She's expecting her first child with fiance Jesse Jean-ius look! Caitlyn Jenner shows some leg in denim shorts while dining at Nobu with gal pal Sophia Hutchins Snapped wearing a long white sweater Cindy Crawford channels Grecian chic in flowing navy dress and sandals for Beverly Hills shoe event Joined by Lisa Rinna and Maria Menounos Kendra Wilkinson enjoys glass of wine with other reality stars amid amicable split from Hank Baskett The 32-year-old reality star was all smiles'They want me to have somebody in my life': Kate Gosselin reveals her twin daughters hope she will find new love as she's set to chronicle dating life on new show'You are a selfish old woman!' Roseanne clashes with daughter Becky over her $50K surrogacy arrangement in latest episode orf rebooted show Yolanda Hadid legally changes her name a year after finalizing divorce from David Foster She was formerly Yolanda Hadid Foster Focusing on the job! Christina El Moussa looks fabulous in skinny jeans and gray tee filming Flip Or Flop with ex Tarek Stayed friends Ali Fedotowsky dresses her growing baby bump in springtime florals at Hallmark's Home & Family Looking blooming lovely Tyra Banks reveals she almost didn't become a VS Angel after brand sent her home - because NONE of stylists knew how to work her natural hair Yvonne Staples of the Staple Singers dies at age 80 in Chicago Her voice and business acumen powered the success group who had string of hits My, how she's changed! Dorit Kemsley, 41, of RHOBH looks VERY different in 1994 high school yearbook photo Grew up in Connecticut'He has a girlfriend': Real Housewives star Bethenny Frankel reveals Meghan Markle's ex-husband Trevor Engelson is in a new relationship'How lucky am I': Jennifer Garner pays tribute to her sisters Melissa and Susannah on National Siblings Day Shared collage Kendall Jenner models braids and razor-thin sunglasses for Ferrari joyride in LA Wore red and white Adidas sneakers and carried a track jacket Courteney Cox leaves LA venue hand-in-hand with unidentified man who is not Johnny Mc Daid Sfter attending a private event'I'm an emotional wreck!' Twitter users are left 'heartbroken' over Netflix movie Irreplaceable You, labeling it 'the saddest film EVER made'Amy Schumer shares stunning flashback photo from 2010... after revealing she loves carbs The image was taken in 2010Brooklyn Beckham breaks his silence on split from actress Chloe Moretz... after THAT kiss with Playboy model Lexi Wood The Handmaid's Tale star Samira Wiley reveals season 2 will be 'even more bleak' than the first Upcoming episodes drop on April 25Justin Bieber is unmissable in all red outfit as he runs errands in Los Angeles He is enjoying some downtime from his pop career'Is that for old man Negan?' Fans of The Walking Dead suspect Jeffrey Dean Morgan's bushy beard is a Season Nine spoiler Promoting new movie Nicole 'Snooki' Polizzi reveals Jersey Shore cast only earned $200 a week for first season They didn't receive a single paycheck from MTVRussell Crowe looks a little downcast as he drinks coffee and smokes a cigarette in Sydney the day after his divorce from Danielle Spencer was finalized Taylor Swift fan ARRESTED for trying to scale wall at her Beverly Hills mansion Transient Justin Christoph Lilly was arrested Katharine Mc Phee looks flawless as she arrives makeup-free for Broadway debut in Waitress Opening night of the Broadway musical Olympic champion boxer Nicola Adams is left heartbroken after her female American fiancée leaves her for a man The wedding is off Wendy Williams says Marlon Wayans was just 'stating the obvious' about Kim Zolciak's 'fillers' Daytime chat queen wades into spat Ashley Graham puts her curves on show in skimpy swimwear in candid behind-the-scenes look at her Sports Illustrated Swimsuit shoot The 'Douche': James Franco's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame is defaced on same day actor is seen as sex-crazed warlord in a trailer for new film'Why are you doing this?' Final words of Morgan Freeman's granddaughter as she was stabbed to death in the street 'by her drug-addicted boyfriend'Heidi Klum, 44, stuns in skimpy bikini as she packs on the PDA with much younger beau, 28, in Mexico Their romance blossomed last month. Olivia Culpo wows in skimpy lingerie and VERY racy black mesh dress for Italian fashion show in Verona She was the star of the show Jenna Dewan is leaning on her family for support and 'seems relieved' after splitting with Channing Tatum Couple just announced their shock breakup Movie fans vent frustration with Emily Blunt's movie A Quiet Place, revealing that the totally silent film makes it impossible for them to eat popcorn in peace Prince of Wilts! Charles, 69, suffers in the scorching 89F Australian heat as beads of sweat trickle down his face Struggling? UFC star Paige Van Zant says she was gang-raped at age 14 by students from her high school and it left her on the brink of suicide Ex-DWTS contestant Tracy Morgan sports dapper gray suit as he accepts Hollywood Walk of Fame star with his family Emotional moment after his life-changing crash Hailey Baldwin says Kylie Jenner's daughter Stormi 'is one of the most beautiful babies I've ever seen' The 21-year-old model is smitten with tot t Amal Clooney on romancing George and raising twins: Lawyer reveals actor wooed her with emails in the voice of his dog when she'd given up on love at 35EXCLUSIVE: Obama aide reveals how the groupie president fawned over celebs and was steamed when high school coach called his wife 'fat-butt Michelle'Former Silicon Valley star TJ Miller is arrested at La Guardia Airport for 'calling in a fake bomb threat' from an Amtrak train More trouble for star Celebrating his inner child! Lego artist transforms You Tuber Jake Paul's Calabasas mansion by installing thousands of the toy bricks INSIDE the walls RHONJ star Jacqueline Laurita says she and autistic son were kicked out of public library because he was 'tapping DVDs and making a bit of noise'Break out the fat-suit: Ripped Homeland star Damian Lewis will play obese, crack-smoking former Toronto Mayor Rob Ford in new movie Unlikely casting Eye-popping Rita Ora puts on a VERY busty display in tight white sweater as she heads out in New York She's been putting on a fashion parade Adriana Lima leaves the gym with sweat-drenched hair as she flaunts her flat abs in sexy sports bra Brazilian model has one of best bodies in fashion Anna Faris calls decision to get breast augmentation 'f***ing awesome' as she talks Chris Pratt Said she wanted 'to fill out a bikini'Amal Clooney's mother reveals she was advised to abort her due to a placenta condition - but she ignored the advice after having dreams of future daughter's face Kim Kardashian shows off her curves in microscopic hot pink bikini during Turks and Caicos vacation Put her famous figure on display in Caribbean Nicki Minaj's seductive pose for new song Chun Li resembles Lil' Kim's Hard Core image The 35-year-old singer shared a photo to Instagram Katie Holmes seems to be following in ex Tom Cruise's footsteps as she takes on action role The 39-year-old actress transformed into an FBI agent saving a senator Cardi B is 'prepared' for motherhood... but admits she only 'kinda, sorta' considered abortion Rapper made shocking confession Dad's night off! Prince William is spotted at Aston Villa vs Cardiff City soccer game - leaving a heavily pregnant Duchess of Cambridge at home Paulina Porizkova shares adorable picture of herself as a little girl to mark 53rd birthday - after posting a SIZZLING snap in a tiny pink bikini Ne Ne Leakes steps out in Gucci T-shirt as pal EJ Johnson looks chic in crop top and mini skirt The reality stars started their week right, enjoying dinner out at Craig's Kylie Minogue dazzles in a floor-length pink and gold gown as she promotes new album Golden in Germany Made an appearance on the Markus Lanz show Legendary model Claudia Schiffer, 47, looks chic in leopard print scarf and skinny jeans as she steps out with her daughters in NYCJennifer Lopez's trainer Tracy Anderson, 43, reveals fit abs as she says singer 'never hates on herself' Talks about J. Lo's confidence Jessica Simpson lifts the lid on her VERY active sex life with hubby Eric Johnson as she jokes they 'always practice' making babies Haven't slowed down Bad Girls Club reality TV star Nicky Vargas is arrested while topless for giving oral sex to her boyfriend in the parking lot of a Florida apartment complex Carrie Underwood says her face 'is healing really nicely' after getting 50 stitches Singer shared an update with fans, saying she's 'doing pretty darn good'Diane Kruger is comfortably chic in fuzzy teddy bear coat and personalized Christian Dior handbag as she steps out in New York City Taylor Swift fan robs bank and throws cash onto her Rhode Island home in hopes of impressing star The suspect was arrested last week Cindy Crawford and mini-me daughter Kaia Gerber coordinate in b&w outfits in Beverly Hills The supermodel easily defied her 52 years Pregnant Zara Tindall cuts a somber figure as she joins her mother Princess Anne for the funeral of equestrian sport commentator Mike Tucker Gretchen Rossi stuns in gold bandage dress as she joins Real Housewives stars in West Hollywood Big get together at Craig's restaurant Marie Osmond, 58, proves Hollywood friendships DO last as she poses with pal Priscilla Presley, 72 Old pals spent some time together Chris Pine and Annabelle Wallis pictured together for the first time at swanky dinner in Malibu amid romance rumors Pair looked smitten Emily Blunt nearly missed the chance to work with husband in his horror film A Quiet Place She asked Krasinski to 'cast a friend'Seth Meyers reveals wife Alexi Ashe gave birth to second son on Sunday....in the LOBBY of their NYC apartment building Cops helped cut the cord Advertisement From the Makers of Candy Crush Farm Heroes Saga, the #4 Game on i Tunes. Play it now!more GADGET REVIEWSNaim Atom: The hifi that will change the way you listen to music It's eye-wateringly expensive at $2,999, but Naim's Uniti Atom is a revelation, an integrated amplifier than makes it easy to stream music at a quality you've probably never heard before. Apple's new i Phone X is a glimpse into the future After a day with the i Phone X, while Face ID isn't perfect, and the 'notch' is an annoyance, the i Phone X is a glimpse into the future of phones and the best handset of the market by a long way. Shinola hopes to banish Beats with the best looking headphones around They aren't cheap, but Shinola's $595 foray into headphones are the perfect accessory for design obsessives looking to upgrade their listening habits. The best Android handset out there: Google Pixel 2 review With the Pixel XL, Google has created a handset that is not only the best Android device out there, but arguably matches the i Phone 8 in terms of design and feel. Apple Watch Series 3: The smartwatch that liberates you from your phone Apple's Watch will free you from your phone - while making sure you don't suffer the fear of missing out. It's a huge step forward, and a compelling reason for the average user to buy a smartwatch.i Phone 8: Why a lack of X appeal shouldn't put you off While the i Phone X may have stolen the headlines, in fact the i Phone 8 could be the sleeper hit of Apple's new range, offering the same power as the X but with features and a design users trust. Is it really worth paying £280 for Nintendo's Switch? Mail Online's verdict While the design is impressive and easy to use, the game line up is disappointing. The $1,000 wireless speaker that really IS worth the price: Naim Mu-so Qb review Naim's incredible Mu-So Qb takes you back to the good old days - where the music captivates and enthralls, rather that simply being something in the background. The best all in one wireless speaker you'll ever hear: Naim Mu-so review It might not be a name familiar to the US market, but Naim is a legendary British brand hoping to make a splash with the American launch of its $1499 Mu: So speaker. The hi-tech $2,000 spin bike that really could change your life Peloton's hi-tech bike lets you stream live and on demand rides to your home - and it's one of the best examples of fitness technology out there - at a price. Advertisement From the Makers of Candy Crush Farm Heroes Saga, the #4 Game on i Tunes. Play it now!more Head Start to Home Cooked Get Recipesmore Download our i Phone app Download our Android app Next story Tristan Thompson is booed and jeered during Cavaliers game as he makes first appearance since claims emerged he was brazenly cheating on pregnant Khloe Kardashian with THREE women9 comments

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http://www.seattlecca.org/diseases/prostate-cancer-hormone-therapy.cfm

Prostate Cancer Hormone Therapy

Prostate Cancer Hormone Therapy Your doctor may suggest hormone therapy if you have advanced or high-risk prostate cancer at the time of your diagnosis, if your prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level is rising despite previous treatment for prostate cancer, or if you aren’t able to have surgery or radiation therapy for your disease. Hormone therapy keeps prostate cancer cells from getting testosterone, a hormone that may cause prostate cancers to grow. There are several ways to accomplish this. With drugs that prevent the production of testosterone in the body With drugs that block the action of testosterone that has already been produced With surgery to remove the testicles, the main source of testosterone in men Benefits of Hormone Therapy for Prostate Cancer Hormone therapy is among the most effective forms of systemic therapy (about 85 to 90 percent effective) for prostate cancer. Used alone, hormone therapy does not cure prostate cancer, but it does stop the disease from progressing for a period of time. Hormone therapy is increasingly being used before, during, or after other prostate cancer treatments to shrink the cancer, slow its growth, or decrease the risk of cancer returning. Typically, you can expect hormone therapy to control your prostate cancer for at least one to four years and possibly for as long as 10 years or more. Eventually, however, the prostate cancer cells adjust to the lack of hormones and begin to grow again. How Hormone Therapy Works Androgens, which are male hormones, stimulate the growth of prostate cancer cells. The main androgen in men is testosterone. In healthy men, the testes make about 90 percent of testosterone, and the adrenal glands and other cells make the remainder. When the hypothalamus (part of the brain) detects low testosterone levels, hormones from the hypothalamus and pituitary gland trigger testosterone production. When the body detects the testosterone increase, the process stops. Hormone therapy for prostate cancer, also called androgen-deprivation therapy or androgen-suppression therapy, reduces androgen levels in the body or prevents androgen from reaching prostate cancer cells. While most prostate cancer cells are affected by the elimination of androgen, some are unaffected and continue to grow. Prostate cancers that grow even when blood levels of testosterone are extremely low are called castration-resistant prostate cancers. Some castration-resistant cancers do respond to other hormone treatments, as discussed below. If you’re on hormone therapy, your doctor will monitor your PSA levels with frequent blood tests to make sure the therapy is working for you. Types of Hormone Therapy for Prostate Cancer Several types of hormone therapy are available, including LHRH agonists, LHRH antagonists, anti-androgens, androgen-synthesis inhibitors, new-generation anti-androgens, other drugs, and surgical removal of the testicles. Read more about types of hormone therapy for prostate cancer. Side Effects of Hormone Therapy Any man considering hormone therapy should weigh the risks and benefits of the treatment. The side effects of hormone therapy and the time it takes to get over some of them depend on many factors. Read more about side effects of hormone therapy for prostate cancer. Resistance to Hormone Therapy For many years doctors believed that prostate cancer would always become resistant to hormone therapy over time. Much work by Seattle Cancer Care Alliance (SCCA) investigators has focused on trying to prevent resistance. We have shown that cancers become resistant to testosterone-lowering treatments by finding a way to convert other hormones, or even cholesterol, in the blood to make testosterone within the cancer itself. At SCCA, we have designed clinical studies using many of the newer, more effective systemic therapies for hormone regulation, such as abiraterone (Zytiga) and enzalutamide (Xtandi), in combination with surgery or radiation earlier in the treatment of high-risk prostate cancers. Through these studies, men have access to drugs that may not otherwise be available and that may more effectively suppress or kill cancer cells, resulting in longer survival for men whose cancer grows in the absence of androgens.

D159464

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5923a1.htm

Emergency Department Visits Involving Nonmedical Use of Selected Prescription Drugs --- United States, 2004--2008

Persons using assistive technology might not be able to fully access information in this file. For assistance, please send e-mail to: mmwrq@cdc.gov. Type 508 Accommodation and the title of the report in the subject line of e-mail. Emergency Department Visits Involving Nonmedical Use of Selected Prescription Drugs --- United States, 2004--2008Weekly June 18, 2010 / 59 (23);705-709Rates of overdose deaths involving prescription drugs increased rapidly in the United States during 1999--2006 ( 1 ). However, such mortality data do not portray the morbidity associated with prescription drug overdoses. Data from emergency department (ED) visits can represent this morbidity and can be accessed more quickly than mortality data. To better understand recent national trends in drug-related morbidity, CDC and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) reviewed the most recent 5 years of available data (2004--2008) on ED visits involving the nonmedical use of prescription drugs from SAMHSA's Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN). This report describes the results of that review, which showed that the estimated number of ED visits for nonmedical use of opioid analgesics increased 111% during 2004--2008 (from 144,600 to 305,900 visits) and increased 29% during 2007--2008. The highest numbers of ED visits were recorded for oxycodone, hydrocodone, and methadone, all of which showed statistically significant increases during the 5-year period. The estimated number of ED visits involving nonmedical use of benzodiazepines increased 89% during 2004--2008 (from 143,500 to 271,700 visits) and 24% during 2007--2008. These findings indicate substantial, increasing morbidity associated with the nonmedical use of prescription drugs in the United States during 2004--2008, despite recent efforts to control the problem. Stronger measures to reduce the diversion of prescription drugs to nonmedical purposes are warranted. DAWN is a public health information system that tracks the impact of drug use, misuse, and abuse in the United States by monitoring drug-related hospital ED visits. In a manner similar to the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System,* DAWN uses a sample of EDs to estimate national ED visit rates ( 2 ). DAWN collects data from a stratified, simple random sample of approximately 220 nonfederal, short-stay, general hospitals that operate 24-hour EDs in the United States. DAWN's sampling frame is based on the American Hospital Association annual survey database and is updated annually to reflect new, closed, merged, and demerged hospitals, and to give new hospitals an opportunity to be selected into the sample. The DAWN sample is designed to produce estimates and trends for individual metropolitan areas (12 in 2008) and the United States overall ( 2 ). To achieve this, the selected metropolitan areas are oversampled. The oversampled hospitals and a supplementary sample of hospitals outside those areas together capture ED visits in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Trained DAWN reporters review the medical charts of all patients treated in the participating hospital EDs to identify visits for conditions induced by or related to drug use. DAWN reporters record de-identified information from the ED medical records using standard abstraction forms. DAWN does not conduct interviews or follow-up with clinicians, patients, or family members. Rates presented in this report are based on the numbers of ED visits weighted so that they are representative of the U. S. population. Denominators for this report were based on U. S. Census postcensal estimates. Differences between counts and between rates were tested using two-sided t tests. †DAWN defines nonmedical use of a prescription or over-the-counter drug as taking a higher-than-recommended dose, taking a drug prescribed for another person, drug-facilitated assault, or documented misuse or abuse, all of which must be documented in the medical record. DAWN classifies suicide attempts, patients seeking detoxification, and unintentional ingestions in other categories. For 2008, a total of 231 hospitals submitted data that were used for estimation. The overall weighted hospital response rate was 32.9% (response rates have been stable from year to year). In 2008, DAWN recorded 351,697 drug-related ED visits. On average, a DAWN member hospital submitted 1,522 DAWN cases. DAWN estimated 1.6 million ED visits for the misuse and abuse of all drugs in 2004 and 2.0 million in 2008. Among these, illicit drugs such as cocaine and heroin were involved in 1.0 million visits in both 2004 and 2008, whereas prescription or over-the-counter drugs used nonmedically were involved in 0.5 million visits in 2004 and 1.0 million visits in 2008. The estimated number of ED visits involving nonmedical use of opioid analgesics § increased from 144,600 in 2004 to 305,900 in 2008 (111%, p<0.001), whereas rates increased from 49.4 per 100,000 to 100.6 per 100,000, an increase of 104% (p<0.05). ED visit rates for opioid analgesics were highest for oxycodone, hydrocodone, and methadone during the entire study period ( Figure 1 ). Estimated ED visits involving oxycodone increased from 41,700 to 105,200 (p<0.001), and rates increased from 14.2 per 100,000 to 34.6 per 100,000, an increase of 144% (p<0.05). The estimated number of ED visits involving nonmedical use of benzodiazepines increased from 143,500 in 2004 to 271,700 in 2008 (89%, p=0.01), and rates increased from 49.0 to 89.4 per 100,000, an increase of 82% (p<0.05). The increases in numbers of ED visits during 2004--2008 for individual benzodiazepines were significant: alprazolam (125%, p=0.01), clonazepam (72%, p<0.001), diazepam (70%, p=0.02), and lorazepam (107%, p=0.006), as was the increase for the sleep aid zolpidem (121%, p=0.002). Carisoprodol-related visits also increased significantly (132%, p=0.04). The estimated number of visits for alprazolam in 2008 (104,800) was more than twice the number for the next most common benzodiazepine, clonazepam (48,400). Although women had more benzodiazepine-related visits than men ( Table ), this difference was not statistically significant. Among opioid analgesic--related visits, 38% did not involve any other drug (including alcohol); the corresponding figure was 21% for benzodiazepine-related visits. Benzodiazepines were involved in 26% of opioid analgesic--related visits. Alcohol was involved in 15% and 25% of visits for opioids and benzodiazepines, respectively. Approximately one in four patients was admitted. For the year 2008, rates for both types of drugs increased sharply after age 17 years, peaked in the 21--24 years age group, and declined after age 54 years ( Figure 2 ). The largest increases during 2004--2008 occurred among persons aged 21--29 years. Reported by R Cai, MS, E Crane, Ph D, K Poneleit, MPH, Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Admin. L Paulozzi, MD, Div of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC. Editorial Note The number of ED visits involving nonmedical use of prescription or over-the-counter drugs increased rapidly during 2004--2008, and by 2008 matched the number of ED visits involving illicit drugs. ED visits involving such pharmaceuticals accounted for all of the growth in overall drug misuse/abuse rates during 2004--2008. ED visits involving opioids or benzodiazepines were the largest contributors to the increase in ED visits involving the nonmedical use of prescription or over-the-counter drugs. Notably, results from 2008 indicate that in addition to the large increase in visits compared with 2004, peak visit rates for both opioids and benzodiazepines appear to have shifted into the 21--24 and 25--29 years age groups and away from the 30--34 and 35--44 years age groups. As late as 2006, the peak mortality rate for fatal drug overdoses involving opioid analgesics had been in the 35--54 years age group ( 1 ). The 5-year increase in ED visit rates reflects, in part, substantial increases in the prescribing of these classes of drugs ( 3 ). The increase also might reflect an increase in the rate of nonmedical use of prescription drugs per 1,000 prescriptions, as has been observed for selected opioids ( 4 ). In the 2008 National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 4.6% of persons aged ≥18 years reported past-year nonmedical use of prescription pain relievers, and 2.1% reported nonmedical use of tranquilizers, a category that includes benzodiazepines ( 5 ). In contrast to the results of this study, NSDUH results have shown no increase in self-reported rates of nonmedical use of selected pharmaceuticals since 2004 ( 5 ). Increasing ED visit rates in the context of stable self-reported nonmedical use rates might indicate that persons seen in EDs are different from typical respondents to NSDUH; a shift toward riskier types of pain relievers and benzodiazepines, riskier modes of use, more frequent or heavier use; and/or an increased tendency to seek emergency care because of greater awareness of the serious consequences of nonmedical use of such drugs. However, changes in health-seeking behavior would not affect changes in drug-related deaths, and DAWN ED visit trends are consistent with medical examiner data from six states also tracked by DAWN (Maine, Maryland, New Hampshire, New Mexico, Utah, and Vermont). In these states, the number of nonsuicidal deaths related to benzodiazepines increased 64.2%, and the number related to opioid analgesics other than methadone increased 47.4% during 2004--2007 ( 6 ). The relative magnitudes of the rates shown generally reflect prescription volumes. For example, the benzodiazepine with the highest number of ED visits, alprazolam, was the most prescribed benzodiazepine in the United States in 2008, with an estimated 44 million prescriptions ( 7 ). However, some exceptions exist: hydrocodone was prescribed nearly 124 million times and oxycodone nearly 45 million times in 2008, but hydrocodone ED rates were not higher than oxycodone ED rates. The high frequency of multidrug involvement is a reflection of the tendency of persons who abuse drugs to combine them to moderate or enhance their effects. The lower proportion of single-drug ED visits among benzodiazepine ED visits compared with opioid analgesic visits is consistent with the relative rarity of a benzodiazepine being the sole drug involved in a fatal overdose ( 6,8 ). The findings in this report are subject to at least four limitations. First, the drugs involved in ED visits might not all be identified and documented. The extent to which ED staff members document drug involvement might have increased over time. Second, information on the motivation for use might be incomplete; some of the ED visits might have represented suicide attempts. Third, rates based on population cannot be used to determine risk per patient or per prescription. Finally, distinguishing drugs taken for nonmedical and medical reasons is not always possible, especially when multiple drugs are involved. These increases in nonmedical use of pharmaceuticals suggest that previous prevention measures, such as provider and patient education and restrictions on use of specific formulations, have not been adequate. Given the societal burden of the problem, additional interventions are urgently needed, such as more systematic provider education, universal use of state prescription drug monitoring programs by providers, the routine monitoring of insurance claims information for signs of inappropriate use, and efforts by providers and insurers to intervene when patients use drugs inappropriately ( 9,10 ). This report also reinforces the value of timely, population-based national surveillance for nonmedical use of drugs, which can be used to assess the effect of such interventions. References Warner M, Chen LJ, Makuc DM. Increase in fatal poisonings involving opioid analgesics in the United States, 1999--2006. NCHS data brief, no 22. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 2009. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Drug Abuse Warning Network, 2007: national estimates of drug-related emergency department visits. Available at http://dawninfo.samhsa.gov/files/ed2007/dawn2k7ed.pdf. Accessed June 10, 2010. Paulozzi LJ, Budnitz DS, Xi Y. Increasing deaths from opioid analgesics in the United States. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Safety 2006;15:618--27. Dormitzer C. Summary of drug abuse "rates" in the United States. Available at http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/08/slides/2008-4356s1-04-fda-corepresentations.ppt. Accessed June 10, 2010. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: national findings. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2009. HHS publication no. SMA 09-4434. Available at http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/nsduh/2k8nsduh/2k8results.cfm. Accessed June 10, 2010. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Drug Abuse Warning Network, 2007: area profiles of drug-related mortality. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2009. HHS publication no. SMA 09-4407. Available at http://dawninfo.samhsa.gov/pubs/mepubs. Accessed June 10, 2010. SDI/Verispan. 2008 top 200 generic drugs by total prescriptions. Available at http://drugtopics.modernmedicine.com/top200gen. Accessed June 10, 2010. Hall AJ, Logan JE, Toblin RL, et al. Patterns of abuse among unintentional pharmaceutical overdose fatalities. JAMA 2008;300:2613--20. Kraman P. Drug abuse in America---prescription drug diversion. Lexington, KY: Council of State Governments; 2004. Available at http://www.csg.org/knowledgecenter/docs/ta0404drugdiversion.pdf. Accessed June 10, 2010. CDC. CDC's issue brief: unintentional drug poisoning in the United States. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/homeandrecreationalsafety/poisoning/brief.htm. Accessed June 10, 2010. * U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. NEISS All Injury Program: sample design and implementation. Washington, DC: U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission; 2001.† To minimize the effect of nonresponse, the DAWN weighting plan includes nonresponse adjustment factors for within-hospital nonresponse and hospital nonresponse; the weighting plan also includes a poststratification adjustment factor that reconciles the weighted number of total visits for responding hospitals with the number of total visits from the most recent American Hospital Association Annual Survey Database. Estimates for all DAWN-eligible hospitals in the United States are produced by applying poststratified weights to the data received from the sampled hospitals. Estimates (and their associated rates and confidence intervals) are suppressed if based on an unweighted count of fewer than 30 cases, if the estimate is less than 30, or if the relative standard error is greater than 50%. The DAWN data collection protocol aims for 100% chart review but accepts any percentage above 90% as complete. In EDs where chart subsampling has been implemented, reporters review 100% of the charts for sampled days. Chart subsampling is employed at large facilities with more than 3,500 visits per month. In these facilities, charts are typically reviewed every other day. Additional information about DAWN is available in appendix C at http://dawninfo.samhsa.gov/files/ed2007/dawn2k7ed.pdf.§ An additional 60,900 visits involving "opiates/opioids unspecified" were not included because some might have involved heroin. What is already known on this topic? Deaths involving the nonmedical use of prescription drugs increased in the United States through 2006. What is added by this report? Emergency department visits involving nonmedical use of two types of prescription drugs, opioid analgesics and benzodiazepines, more than doubled during 2004--2008 in the United States; visits for misused prescription and over-the-counter drugs are now as common as emergency department visits for use of illicit drugs. What are the implications for public health practice? Recent public health and law enforcement measures intended to prevent nonmedical use of such drugs have not prevented rate increases, and additional measures are needed urgently. TABLE. Estimated number and rate of emergency department visits for nonmedical use of opioid analgesics and benzodiazepines, by selected characteristics --- United States, 2008Characteristic Opioid analgesics Benzodiazepines No. Rate*95% CI †No. Rate95% CITotal305,900100.6 (75.6--125.6)271,70089.4 (61.6--117.1)Sex Male150,800100.6 (74.9--126.3)119,60079.7 (57.1--102.4)Female155,000100.6 (75.1--126.1)152,10098.7 (64.8--132.5)No. of drugs (including alcohol)One drug116,80038.4 (31.4--45.4)56,90018.7 (15.1--22.3)Multidrug189,00062.2 (42.8--81.6)214,80070.6 (45.9--95.4)Alcohol involvement46,20015.2 (10.9--19.5)68,60022.6 (14.6--30.6)Admitted to hospital72,70023.9 (15.7--32.1)81,30026.8 (14.5--39.0)Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)'s Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN), 2004--2008. Additional information available in appendix C at http://dawninfo.samhsa.gov/files/ed2007/dawn2k7ed.pdf. * Per 100,000 population† Confidence interval. FIGURE 1. Rates of emergency department (ED) visits* for nonmedical use of selected opioid analgesics, by type --- United States, 2004--2008Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)'s Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN), 2004--2008. Additional information available in appendix C at http://dawninfo.samhsa.gov/files/ed2007/dawn2k7ed.pdf. * Per 100,000 population.† 95% confidence interval.§ Rate significantly less than the rate in 2008, by two-sided t test (p<0.05).¶ Drug types include combination products (e.g., combinations of oxycodone and aspirin). Alternate Text: The figure above shows rates of emergency department (ED) visits for nonmedical use of selected opioid analgesics, by type, in the United States during 2004-2008. ED visit rates for opioid analgesics were highest for oxycodone, hydrocodone, and methadone during the entire study period. FIGURE 2. Age-specific rates of emergency department visits* for nonmedical use of opioid analgesics (OAs) and benzodiazepines (BZDs) --- United States, 2004 and 2008Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)'s Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN), 2004--2008. Additional information available in appendix C at http://dawninfo.samhsa.gov/files/ed2007/dawn2k7ed.pdf. * Per 100,000 population. Alternate Text: The figure above shows age-specific rates of emergency department visits for nonmedical use of opioid analgesics and benzodiazepines in the United States for 2004 and 2008. In 2008, ED visit rates for both types of drugs increased sharply among persons aged >18 years, peaked in the 21-24 years age group, and declined after age 54 years. Use of trade names and commercial sources is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. References to non-CDC sites on the Internet are provided as a service to MMWR readers and do not constitute or imply endorsement of these organizations or their programs by CDC or the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. CDC is not responsible for the content of pages found at these sites. URL addresses listed in MMWR were current as of the date of publication. All MMWR HTML versions of articles are electronic conversions from typeset documents. This conversion might result in character translation or format errors in the HTML version. Users are referred to the electronic PDF version ( http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr) and/or the original MMWR paper copy for printable versions of official text, figures, and tables. An original paper copy of this issue can be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC 20402-9371; telephone: (202) 512-1800. Contact GPO for current prices. **Questions or messages regarding errors in formatting should be addressed to mmwrq@cdc.gov.

D1577994

https://mises.org/library/what-statism

Mises Daily Articles

Mises Daily Articles A AWhat Is Statism?11/18/2009 Frank Chodorov [This article is excerpted from the introduction to The Rise and Fall of Society, available in hardcover, paperback, PDF, and e Pub . ]Collectivism is more than an idea. In itself, an idea is nothing but a toy of speculation, a mental idol. Since, as the myth holds, the suprapersonal Society is replete with possibilities, the profitable thing to do is to put the myth to work, to energize its virtue. The instrument at hand is the State, throbbing with political energy and quite willing to expend it on this glorious adventure. Thus comes Statism, or the worship of political power. Statism is not a modern religion. Even before Plato, political philosophy concerned itself with the nature, origin, and justification of the State. But, while the thinkers speculated on it, the general public accepted political authority as a fact to be lived with and let it go at that. It is only within recent times (except, perhaps, during periods when Church and State were one, thus endowing political coercion with divine sanction) that the mass of people have consciously or implicitly accepted the Hegelian dictum that "the State is the general substance, whereof individuals are but the accidents." It is this acceptance of the State as "substance," as a suprapersonal reality, and its investment with a competence no individual can lay claim to, that is the special characteristic of the 20th century. In times past, the disposition was to look upon the State as something one had to reckon with, but as a complete outsider. One got along with the State as best one could, feared or admired it, hoped to be taken in by it and to enjoy its perquisites, or held it at arm's length as an untouchable thing; one hardly thought of the State as the integral of Society. One had to support the State — there was no way of avoiding taxes — and one tolerated its interventions as interventions, not as the warp and woof of life. And the State itself was proud of its position apart from, and above, Society. The present disposition is to liquidate any distinction between State and Society, conceptually or institutionally. The State is Society; the social order is indeed an appendage of the political establishment, depending on it for sustenance, health, education, communications, and all things coming under the head of "the pursuit of happiness." In theory, taking college textbooks on economics and political science for authority, the integration is about as complete as words can make it. In the operation of human affairs, despite the fact that lip service is rendered the concept of inherent personal rights, the tendency to call upon the State for the solution of all the problems of life shows how far we have abandoned the doctrine of rights, with its correlative of self-reliance, and have accepted the State as the reality of Society. It is this actual integration, rather than the theory, that marks off the 20th century from its predecessors. One indication of how far the integration has gone is the disappearance of any discussion of the State qua State — a discussion that engaged the best minds of the 18th and 19th centuries. The inadequacies of a particular regime, or its personnel, are under constant attack, but there is no faultfinding with the institution itself. The State is all right, by common agreement, and it would work perfectly if the "right" people were at its helm. It does not occur to most critics of the New Deal that all its deficiencies are inherent in any State, under anybody's guidance, or that when the political establishment garners enough power a demagogue will sprout. The idea that this power apparatus is indeed the enemy of Society, that the interests of these institutions are in opposition, is simply unthinkable. If it is brought up, it is dismissed as "old-fashioned," which it is; until the modern era, it was an axiom that the State bears constant watching, that pernicious proclivities are built into it. A few illustrations of the temper of our times come to mind. The oft-used statement that "we owe it to ourselves," in relation to the debts incurred in the name of the State, is indicative of the tendency to obliterate from our consciousness the line of demarcation between governed and governors. It is not only a stock phrase in economics textbooks but is tacitly accepted in financial circles as sound in principle. To modern bankers, a government bond is at least as sound as an obligation of a private citizen, since the bond is in fact an obligation of the citizen to pay taxes. No distinction is made between a debt backed by production or productive ability and a debt secured by political power; in the final analysis a government bond is a lien on production, so what's the difference? By such reasoning, the interests of the public, which are always centered in the production of goods, are equated with the predatory interests of the State. In many economics textbooks, government borrowing from citizens, whether done openly or by pressure brought upon the banks to lend their depositors' savings, is explained as a transaction equivalent to the transfer of money from one pocket to another, of the same pants; the citizen lends to himself what he lends to the government. The rationale of this absurdity is that the effect on the nation's economy is the same whether the citizen spends his money or the government does it for him. He has simply given up his negligible right of choice. The fact that he has no desire for what the government spends his money on, that he would not of his own free will contribute to the buying of it, is blithely overlooked. The "same pants" notion rests on the identification of the amorphous "national economy" with the well-being of the individual; he is thus merged into the mass and loses his personality. Of a piece with this kind of thinking is a companion phrase, "We are the government." Its use and acceptance is most illustrative of the hold collectivism has taken on the American mind in this century, to the exclusion of the basic American tradition. When the Union was founded, the overriding fear of Americans was that the new government might become a threat to their freedom, and the framers of the Constitution were hard put to allay this fear. Now it is held that freedom is a gift from government in return for subservience. The reversal has been accomplished by a neat trick in semantics. The word "democracy" is the key to this trick. When one looks for a definition of this word, one finds that it is not a form of government but rather the rule by "social attitudes." But what is a "social attitude"? Putting aside the wordy explanations of this slippery concept, it turns out to be in practice good old majoritarianism; what 51 per cent of the people deem right is right, and the minority is perforce wrong. It is the General Will fiction under a new name. There is no place in this concept for the doctrine of inherent rights; the only right left to the minority, particularly the minority of one, is conformity with the dominant "social attitude. "If "we are the government," then it follows that the man who finds himself in jail must blame himself for putting himself there, and the man who takes all the tax deductions the law allows is really cheating himself. While this may seem to be a farfetched reductio ad absurdum, the fact is that many an armed-services conscript consoles himself with that kind of logic. This country was largely populated by escapees from conscription — called "czarism" a generation or two ago and held to be the lowest form of involuntary servitude. Now it has come to pass that a conscript army is in fact a "democratic" army, composed of men who have made adjustment with the "social attitude" of the times. So does the run-of-the-mill draftee console himself when compelled to interrupt his dream of a career. Acceptance of compulsory military service has reached the point of unconscious resignation of personality. The individual, as individual, simply does not exist; he is of the mass. This is the fulfillment of statism. It is a state of mind that does not recognize any ego but that of the collective. For analogy, one must go to the pagan practice of human sacrifice: when the gods called for it, when the medicine man so insisted, as a condition for prospering the clan, it was incumbent on the individual to throw himself into the sacrificial fire. In point of fact, statism is a form of paganism, for it is worship of an idol, something made by man. Its base is pure dogma. Like all dogmas this one is subject to interpretations and rationales, each with its coterie of devotees. But, whether one calls oneself a Communist, socialist, New Dealer, or just plain "democrat," one begins with the premise that the individual is of consequence only as a servant of the mass idol. Its will be done. It is an odd circumstance of history that the questing spirit is never obliterated or completely submerged. Social and political pressures may compel the intellectually curious to put on an appearance of conformity — since one must live in one's environment — but actual conformity is impossible for a mind of that kind. It must ask "why," even of itself. And sometimes it is hardy enough to suggest an inadequacy in the prevailing pattern of thought and to speak out against it. Even in this 20th century there are those who hold, perhaps only in the privacy of their personality, that collectivism is erroneous and mischievous and will come to no good end. There are nonconformists who reject the Hegelian notion that "the State incarnates the Divine Idea on earth." There are some who firmly maintain that only man is made in the image of God, that the State is a false idol. They are in the minority, to be sure, as they have been throughout history; they are the "remnant" to whom Isaiah is instructed to carry the message. Perhaps these will find this inquiry into the economics of Society, Government, and the State of some interest; it was written for them. This article is excerpted from the introduction to The Rise and Fall of Society, available in hardcover, paperback, PDF, and e Pub. Image source: Print

D385866

http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/2002-04/1019251356.Es.r.html

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Mad Sci Network: Earth Sciences Query: Re: What causes some tides to be 'plus tides' or 'minus tides? 'Date: Sun Apr 7 15:57:21 2002 Posted By: Rob Campbell, Ph. D Candidate, Oceanography, University of British Columbia Area of science: Earth Sciences ID: 1018043785. Es Message: Hi Patrick: That's a good question! Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon, sun, and other bodies in our solar system on the ocean. You can find out more about tides from this answer from our archives (and the links within). The biggest influence on the tides is the moon. The moon is the reason we get two tides per day, and those tides are about 12.5 hours apart. That causes the time of the high and low tides to change by about half an hour per day. As I mentioned, the sun also has an influence, though the period of the sun's pull is about 12 hours. This causes what we call the spring-neap cycle, where the height reached by high and low tides moves up and down. There are numerous other components that have much smaller influences and longer time periods that are caused by variations in the orbit of the earth and moon around the sun. If you're interested in that, have a look at the links from the answer I mentioned above . I see you're from Albany, so I'll show you an example from a spot close to you. The National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has a huge network of tide guages across the US, and most of it is available for download ( here ). There happens to be a station at South Beach, Oregon (just south of Newport), and I've taken some of the data for that station. Among the data available are measurements of water level made every six minutes. Let's have a look at sea level over three days at the beginning of March (all the data I'm using is from 2001- this year's data isn't available yet): You can see the high and low tides, and you can also see how the peaks occur a little later each day. What we can do next is look over a longer period, so here's the entire month of March: This shows really nicely how the height of the high and low tides move up and down over the spring/neap cycle. Also note the units of height I've used, the Mean Lower Low Water level. If you look for the period of about the 6 th to the 12 th of March, you can see that the lowest low tides actually fell below zero. Those tides were "below average" and might correspond to the kind of conditions you described. Just for kicks, I've plotted up the sea height for the entire year of 2001. This time I've used the hourly average sea height, because the six minute observations makes for a lot of data!Even with the hourly averages, there is too much data to see any of the finer structure. However, you can see that there are several low tide periods over the year- there is the one I showed you for March, some even lower tides in February, and then a few other quite low tide periods in the summer. As well as past measurements, NOAA uses tide models to predict tides in various places. You can have predictions calculated for you here, so you can plan your beachcombing expeditions for when there is a very low tide. Hope that helps! Rob Campbell, MAD Scientist Current Queue | Current Queue for Earth Sciences | Earth Sciences archives Try the links in the Mad Sci Library for more information on Earth Sciences . Mad Sci Home | Information | Search | Random Knowledge Generator | Mad Sci Archives | Mad Library | MAD Labs | MAD FAQs | Ask a ? | Join Us! | Help Support Mad Sci Mad Sci Network, webadmin@www.madsci.org © 1995-2002. All rights reserved.

D1512931

https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080106122425AAcYHPv

How long will it be before i start seeing results from Biotin as far as hair, skin, and nails???

Beauty & Style Hair How long will it be before i start seeing results from Biotin as far as hair, skin, and nails??? Please give useful advice... Thank You 5000mcg Sincerely, Brooklyn Follow 5 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: 3 Months Is Tha Best Time To Wait.╘♥Shy Tiing♥╜ · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment The average humans hair grows at .5 or 1/2 inch per month. Sometimes slower and sometimes faster but still no significant difference. Things that you can do to promote healthy hair growth is exercise daily, eat healthy, massage scalp 10-15 mins daily, deep condition once every one to two weeks (mayonnaise is a great conditioner! What you do is apply a generous amount of mayo to your hair and comb thru to the ends put on a plastic cap and let sit for an hour. Then you procede with your regular shampooing process), sleep on a satin pillow case/satin cap (stops breakage at night while you sleep), and take a multivitamin supplement. Although hair growth is also genetic and everyone has a growth phase, a terminal length, and a shedding period. Some individuals have growth phases that allow them to grow their hair to the ground. Others cannot grow their hair past their ear!krysta · 2 years ago0 0 Comment Give it about 2 weeks or so to see results. Take two a day and take the pills with a meal. Basically don't take it on an empty stomach. Sometimes I would take it on an empty stomach and I would feel nauseated in about 5 minutes. L. M. L · 1 decade ago1 0 Commentmake sure you take it every day and u should notice a difference in a month or 2babiikatezx0 · 1 decade ago3 0 Commentthe day after you start using iti Katie? · 1 decade ago0 11 Comment Maybe you would like to learn more about one of these? Want to build a free website? Graphic Design Degrees Look For an Accident Attorney Best Deodorant For Sweaty Pits

D1778343

https://www.pinterest.com/pin/432556739187790011/

Explore Mantle Clock, Roman Numerals, and more!

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D302310

http://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-maths-technology/engineering-technology/finite-element-analysis

Finite Element Analysis: Track 1

Formula 1 is the ultimate motor sport. It demands the highest level of skill from both drivers and the engineers behind the cars. So what are the secrets of good car design? How are Formula One cars engineered for maximum performance? This album takes a behind the scenes look at Red Bull Racing, a front-runner on the F1 grid. Using thrilling archive and expert testimony, the tracks explore how the techniques of Finite Element Analysis are used to optimize the performance of different elements of a Formula One racing car. The album is presented by Lara Mynors and features extensive contributions from Lewis Butler, Red Bull's senior structural analyst and Dr Ray Martin of the OU. The material is forms part of The Open University course T884 An introduction to Finite Element Analysis. By: The i Tunes U team ( Programme and web teams)Duration 55 mins Updated Monday 9th November 2009Introductory level Posted under Engineering & Technology

D535392

http://www.kgbanswers.com/how-many-cups-of-sugar-are-in-a-4lb-bag-of-sugar/4206667

How many cups of sugar are in a 4lb bag of sugar?

How many cups of sugar are in a 4lb bag of sugar?kgb answers » Science & Technology » Conversions & Measurements » How many cups of sugar are in a 4lb bag of sugar? The answer varies depending on the type of sugar: The Secrets of Sugar - The Fifth Estate - CBC News Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 45:131 cup brown sugar = 0.44 lb1 cup icing sugar = 0.28 lb1 cup raw sugar = 0.55 lb1 cup granulated sugar = 0.44 lb1 cup caster sugar = 0.5 lb So, a 4-pound bag of sugar would hold about:9 cups - brown sugar14 cups - icing sugar7 cups - raw sugar9 cups - granulated sugar8 cups - caster sugar There are two types of sugars in American diets, naturally occurring sugars and added sugars. Naturally occurring sugars are found naturally in foods while added sugars include any sugars or caloric sweeteners that are added to foods or beverages during processing or preparation. Although sugars are not harmful to the body, our bodies don’t need sugars to function properly. Added sugars contribute additional calories and zero nutrients to food. Read American Heart Association's tips for getting less added sugar. Sugar-free diet alert: Yes, sugar is bad for you, but cutting it out totally could kill you, according to experts. Read more at the Daily Mail. Tag: sugar Wednesday, December 14 2016 Source: http://www.traditionaloven.com/conversions_of_measures/sugar_amounts.html

D739915

http://www.targus.com/

FROM COFFEE TO COCKTAILS

FROM COFFEE TO COCKTAILSTHE NEWPORT COLLECTIONShop Now

D1752600

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Redbone

Leon Redbone

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about a singer. For other uses, see Redbone. Leon Redbone Leon Redbone at Knuckleheads Saloon, Kansas City, Missouri, 2010Background information Born August 26, 1949 (age 68)Cyprus Genres Vaudevillian ragtime jazzblues Occupation (s) Musician, singer, songwriter Instruments Guitar, vocals Years active 1975–2015Labels August Warner Bros. Atco Sugar Hill Blue Thumb Rounder Private Music Third Man Website leonredbone .com Leon Redbone (born August 26, 1949) is a singer-songwriter and guitarist specializing in jazz, blues, and Tin Pan Alley classics. Recognized by his Panama hat, dark sunglasses, and black tie, Redbone first appeared on stage in Toronto, Ontario, Canada in the mid-1970s. He has also appeared on film and television in acting and voice-over roles. Redbone's concerts blend performance, comedy, and skilled instrumentals. Recurrent gags involve the influence of alcohol and claiming to have written works originating well before he was born (Redbone favors material from the Tin Pan Alley era circa 1890s to 1910). He sang the theme to the 1980s television series Mr. Belvedere [1] and has released sixteen albums. [2]On May 19, 2015 on his web site, his publicist announced his retirement from performing and recording. [3]Contents [ hide ]1 Early life2 Career3 Appearances in other media4 Discography4.1 Studio albums4.2 Live albums5 References6 External links Early life [ edit]According to a Toronto Star report in the 1980s, he was once known as Dickran Gobalian, and he came to Canada from Cyprus in the mid-1960s and changed his name via the Ontario Change of Name Act. [4] However, an article about producer John H. Hammond in a 1973 issue of the Canadian jazz magazine Coda states that he was a native of Philadelphia who moved to Toronto: "Sitting next to Hammond was a young white musician named Leon Redbone from Philadelphia, but currently residing in Toronto". [5]Career [ edit]Redbone at Massey Hall, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2007While living in Canada in the early 1970s, Redbone began performing in public at Toronto area nightclubs and folk music festivals. He met Bob Dylan at the Mariposa Folk Festival. Dylan was so impressed by Redbone's performance that he mentioned it in a Rolling Stone interview, [6] leading that magazine to do a feature article on Redbone a year before he had a recording contract. [7] The article described his performances as "so authentic you can hear the surface noise [of an old 78 rpm ]." His first album, On the Track, was released by Warner Bros. Records in 1975. He was introduced to a larger public as a semi-regular musical guest on NBC 's Saturday Night Live, appearing twice in the first season. [8] [9] During the 1980s and '90s Redbone was a frequent guest on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. He has also been a guest on A Prairie Home Companion. [10]In an interview printed in the Winter 2017 edition (No. 177) of BING magazine, the publication of the International Club Crosby, clarinetist Dan Levinson recounts working with Redbone. "I toured with Redbone for 12 years. We used to listen to early Crosby while we were on the road. [Redbone's] taste in music was more eclectic than that of anyone I've ever known -- it included Emmett Miller, Blind Blake, Paganini, Caruso, Gene Austin, John Mc Cormack, Moran and Mack, Cliff Edwards, Jelly Roll Morton, Ted Lewis, Mustafa the Castrato, the Hungarian singer Imre Laszlo, Jimmie Rodgers ('the Singing Brakeman'), Mongolian throat singers, W. C. Fields, Laurel and Hardy ... and early Bing Crosby. "Due to his reluctance to discuss his past, there has been speculation that "Leon Redbone" was an alternative identity for another performer. [11] The two most commonly mentioned are Andy Kaufman and Frank Zappa, [12] both of whom Redbone has outlived. Redbone usually dresses in attire reminiscent of the Vaudeville era, performing in a Panama hat with a black band and dark sunglasses, often while sitting at attention on a stool, with a white coat and trousers with a black string tie. Redbone survived the crash of a small plane in Clarksburg, West Virginia, on February 12, 1979. [4] He travels to engagements exclusively by car, saying, "I carry around many unusual items and devices. They make life difficult for airport security personnel and flying impossible for me." [4]Redbone retired from music in 2015 due to health problems. [3] [8]Appearances in other media [ edit]Redbone sang " Baby, It's Cold Outside " with Zooey Deschanel over the closing credits of the 2003 film Elf [13] and provided the voice for Leon the Snowman. On his 1987 album Christmas Island he performed " Frosty the Snowman " with Dr. John. [14] He performed the theme song for the TV shows Mr. Belvedere and Harry and the Hendersons. [1]Redbone appeared regularly on the PBS children's show Between the Lions. [15] He appeared on an episode of the TV show Life Goes On. [16] He narrated the 2011 Emmy-winning documentary Remembering the Scranton Sirens. Redbone has performed in several TV commercials, including Budweiser beer, in which he lies on a surfboard singing "This Bud's for You", [17] the U. S. automobile brand Chevrolet, [18] All laundry detergent, [19] and Inter City British Rail service in which he sang the song "Relax". [20] He also lent his voice to an animated caricature of himself in a commercial for Ken-L Ration dog food. [21]Discography [ edit]Cinema marquee in Towanda, Pennsylvania featuring appearance of Leon Redbone Studio albums [ edit]On the Track ( Warner Bros., 1975)Double Time (Warner Bros., 1977)Champagne Charlie (Warner Bros., 1978)From Branch to Branch ( Atco, 1981)Red to Blue ( Sugar Hill, 1985)Christmas Island ( Blue Thumb, 1987)No Regrets (Blue Thumb, 1988)Sugar ( Rounder, 1990)Up a Lazy River (Blue Thumb, 1992)Whistling in the Wind ( Private Music, 1994)Any Time (Rounder, 2001)Flying By (2014)Long Way From Home: Early Recordings ( Third Man, 2016)Live albums [ edit]Leon Redbone Live (1985)Live! (1994)Live & Kickin' (1999)Live – October 26, 1992: The Olympia Theater, Paris, France (2005)Long Way from Home (2016) [22]References [ edit]^ a b Brooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle F. (October 17, 2007). The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows, 1946-Present (9 ed.). Ballantine Books. p. 903. ISBN 0-345-49773-2.^ "Leon Redbone Discography". Discogs. Discogs. 2016. Retrieved August 11, 2016.^ a b "Leon Redbone has Retired from Performing and Recording". leonredbone.com. Retrieved May 19, 2015. Leon Redbone, the legendary folk/jazz/roots performer has retired from both public appearances and recording. A spokesman for the artist noted, "We share the sadness and disappointment sure to be experienced by his many fans and friends and hope they understand that his health has been a matter of concern for some time. It has become too challenging for him to continue the full range of professional activities. "^ a b c Quill, Greg. "Redbone careful to preserve the mystery." Toronto Star (The Star.com) June 13, 2007.^ Coda (Volume 11, Issues 1-6 ed.). 1973. p. 36. Retrieved August 26, 2011. Sitting next to Hammond was a young white musician named Leon Redbone from Philadelphia, but currently residing in Toronto.^ Fong-Torres, Ben. "Knockin' on Bob Dylan's Door". Rolling Stone. Retrieved May 20, 2015. "Leon interests me," he said. "I've heard he's anywhere from 25 to 60, I've been this close" — Dylan held his hands out, a foot and a half apart — "and I can't tell, But you gotta see him. He does old Jimmie Rodgers, then turns around and does a Robert Johnson." Redbone has surfaced at various folk festivals in the past years and is every bit the mystery that Dylan indicates.^ "Leon Redbone Biography". All About Jazz. Archived from the original on July 27, 2012. Retrieved August 26, 2011.^ a b Grow, Kory (May 19, 2015). "Leon Redbone Retires, Plans Comp on Jack White's Label". Rolling Stone. Retrieved October 2, 2016.^ Mc Ginn, Andrew (October 16, 2009). "Leon Redbone Has Been Performing Timeless Tunes For Decades, But He's Still Got An Air Of Mystery -- And That's The Way He Likes It". Dayton Daily News – via High Beam Research (subscription required). Retrieved September 15, 2012. It's now impossible to envision Redbone back on "SNL." His last appearance on the show was in 1983.^ "Leon Redbone to perform at Clarke; Guitarist will perform a mix of folk, jazz and ragtime music". Telegraph - Herald (Dubuque) – via High Beam Research (subscription required). March 4, 2004. Retrieved September 15, 2012. Throughout his career, Redbone has produced 11 albums and has been featured on Garrison Keillor's "Prairie Home Companion. "^ Bruley, Abigail (May 26, 2011). "NIght Train + Arts & Ale + Leon Redbone". The Feast. Retrieved September 2, 2011. Leon Redbone, the crooner once thought to be the alter ego of Andy Kaufman or Frank Zappa^ "Leon Redbone On Tour". Last.fm. Retrieved August 28, 2011.^ "Elf: Music From The Major Motion Picture: CDs & Vinyl". Amazon.com. Retrieved July 12, 2014.^ "Leon Redbone and Dr. John - Frosty The Snowman". You Tube. Retrieved September 1, 2011.^ [1] Archived December 21, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.^ "Life Goes On - Season 2, Episode 17: Corky's Travels". TV.com. March 10, 1991. Retrieved July 12, 2014.^ "1982 Leon Redbone Budweiser Commercial". You Tube. Retrieved July 21, 2014.^ "Chevy featuring Leon Redbone (1991)". You Tube. Retrieved September 1, 2011.^ "All commercial". You Tube. Retrieved September 1, 2011.^ "Relax". You Tube. Retrieved September 2, 2011.^ "Leon Redbone Burgers and Bones ad". You Tube. Retrieved September 1, 2011.^ "Leon Redbone Releases!". Third Man Records. November 15, 2016. Retrieved November 18, 2016. External links [ edit]Wikimedia Commons has media related to Leon Redbone. Official website Leon Redbone on IMDb [ hide]v t e Leon Redbone Studio albums On the Track (1975) Double Time (1977) Champagne Charlie (1978) From Branch to Branch (1981)Authority control World Cat Identities VIAF: 42028733 LCCN: n85290550 ISNI: 0000 0001 1862 2287 GND: 134680650Music Brainz: 954dd6e2-ee1a-4004-a8f5-fc3ac0505a5d Categories:1949 births American blues singers American jazz guitarists American jazz singers American people of Armenian descent Living people Singers from Pennsylvania American blues guitarists American male guitarists American blues singer-songwriters Warner Bros. Records artists American male singer-songwriters American singer-songwriters American harmonica players Songwriters from Pennsylvania Private Music artists Guitarists from Pennsylvania 20th-century American guitarists

D2441810

https://blog.pawedin.com/mice-and-rats/how-long-do-rats-live/

How Long Do Pet Rats Live?

How Long Do Pet Rats Live? Emily Bruer Tweet this Article! Share on Facebook! Email to a Friend!Considering getting a small animal as a pet, but want all the facts first? Rats are, in my opinion, the very best pets for people looking for a small animal companion. They are smart, adorable, easily trainable, social, and if given the proper exercise and nutrition they can live around two to three years. Rats are super cute, adorable little creatures that come in a wide variety of coat colors, textures, and breeds. The six breeds of domestic rats available today are the standard, rex, hairless, dumbo, dwarf, and tailless. Each has their own set of personality traits and care requirements. Standard: When you picture a pet rat the picture that comes to mind is most likely that of a standard rat. These cuties come in a huge variety of colors and are absolutely adorable. If socialized from a young age, these rats are very docile and sweet and will likely be hanging out on your shoulder or in your pocket in no time. While these rats are super easy to find and are available in just about every pet store I recommend finding a local breeder to get yours. Many rats in pet stores are kept in terrible conditions and commingled populations. Overcrowding can lead to lots of medical conditions like upper respiratory infection, and if they have their population commingled, you could adopt one or two female rats and one day come home to an entire litter. If you are anything like me you will still be tempted to go to the pet store and save one of these unfortunate critters. While I commend you on the effort, keep in mind that your rat may not live as long if he comes from poor breeding, and you may be in for an expensive vet visit if he ends up having an upper respiratory infection. Rex: These rats are pretty darn adorable, with a coat full of curls it’s hard to resist giving them a snuggle. Rexes come in a variety of colors and coat patterns, but all have curly whiskers. This variety of rat is rather common and shares most of the same personality traits as the standard. You may be forced to go to a breeder if you want this variety though as most pet stores don’t carry them. Hairless: The most unique and sensitive of the varieties is the hairless rat. While these little cuties want everyone to believe they are just as tough as everyone else, that isn’t the case. They tend to get chilled easily and their skin can develop sensitivities to certain beddings and materials. Be sure to keep lots of snuggly items in their cage, or get them a hairy friend they can snuggle with. While putting their cage by a window in the sunlight may seem like a good way to keep them warm, it’s actually the opposite. Their skin burns easily and once burned they will get a fever and be even colder. It’s ok to have them in the sunlight with you for short amounts of time, but be sure not to let them get burned!Dumbo: The term dumbo just refers to the rat’s ears, if the ears are on the side of the rat’s head instead of the top, they are a dumbo. I don’t know for sure, but I have my suspicions that these little cuties are named after the baby elephant that we all know and love in the movie with the same name. The dumbo trait can actually be combined with any of the other varieties, a regular dumbo is a standard with dumbo ears, but you can also get hairless or rexes with the dumbo trait. Dwarf: If you really want a rat, but think they are too big, look into getting a dwarf. These little dudes are about ⅓ of the size as their standard cousins with the same personality. Tailless: While this variety is quite rare there are quite a few breeders working to make them more readily available. If you love the idea of owning a rat, but are completely grossed out by their tails this may be the perfect pet for you!Start looking for Tailless breeders now, as you may need to get on a waiting list to adopt one. Basically the same as a standard with a nubbin for a tail these guys are like giant loving hamsters. Should I Get One or More? When deciding what rat you want it’s important to also consider how much time you will have to spend with it. Rats are very social creatures, so if you work from home and can spend 4-6 hours a day playing with your new friend— you are the ideal rat owner. However, if you will be away from the house and busy at school or work, the kindest thing you can do is get two or three. This way they can keep each other company while you are away. Your rats will still bond with you no matter how many friends you get them, so don’t let that worry you. Some other benefits of having more than one rat are that they will groom each other, play with each other, help build large nests together, and just be plain cute together. When I had rats, one of my favorite things to do was simply watch them interact with each other. Here’s a great video showcasing rat snuggles: Minnie interacting with Trixie (Baby rat interaction with resident rat)Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 1:48The Perfect Cage: Whether you are getting one rat or sixteen, it’s important you get a cage that is large enough to accommodate them. A good rule of thumb is to have 2 cubic feet of space per rat. Males tend to like more floor space, while females tend to love climbing. Looking for the right cage can be overwhelming, but there are lots of great resources out there for finding the right one. Many rat enthusiasts like to use converted ferret cages for their rats, while others like to build their own out of converted book shelves or other fun items. The most important things to keep in mind are that they will have enough room and that they can’t escape. You also want to make sure they have an ample amount of ventilation as too much humidity or ammonia could cause respiratory issues. Bedding: When choosing bedding for your rat avoid any kind of wood chips, they aren’t very comfortable and the chemicals released by the wood can cause your rattie to have breathing issues. My favorite bedding to use is Carefresh Natural Pet Bedding,it is made from paper pulp and is very absorbent, soft, and completely safe for your new little buddies. When outfitting my rat’s cage I also liked to give them different things to make their actual beds out of. Some of their favorites were empty tissue boxes, tissues, paper towels, pieces of fabric, and occasionally I would give them tiny fleece blankets. Toys: There are tons of fun toys on the market for rats and they will love just about all of them!Some of my rat’s favorites were wooden ladders I got in the bird section of the pet store, ferret hammocks, wooden toys, and PVC pipes. Opal the Rat Playing With Her New Toy!Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 1:23That’s right, there is a world of fun for rats in the plumbing section of your nearest hardware store. PVC pipe is super easy to clean and there is a never ending amount of ways that you can hook the pipes together or use them to hide your pet’s food and treats. Diet: This is one of the most important aspects of rat care! Rats are scavengers in the wild and benefit from a varied diet. When I owned my rats I fed them a super nutritious pelleted rat food, and then I gave them a variety of fresh foods daily. When choosing a block or pelleted food be sure to avoid those that have seeds mixed in or that have been dyed bright colors. Seeds are very fattening and while they are a great treat they should never be a staple in your rats diet. When giving your rat fresh foods there is truly a ton of options. For more information on diet and what fresh foods you can and can not feed your rat, Rat Fan Club, has tons of homemade rat diet recipes if you would like to skip the pellet formula and feed your rats something all natural. If you want to make your rat treats these doggie treat recipes would work great for rats, too. Now that you know the basics you are ready to go out and find your new rodent friend, or friends if you decided to get more than one. Be sure to follow all the tips and tricks in this article and your rat will live to a ripe old age, while two or three is the average some people have reported their rats living to five or six. Good luck on your new adventure and have fun with your adorable new friends. Bonus: For more unusual pets, check out our reptile guide. About the Author Emily has been penning the adventures of her imagination since she was old enough to hold a pencil. Working at animal shelters for the last five years she learned an incredible amount about animal care and behavior. She is currently employed at a vet clinic where she continues her animal education. Emily’s love of animals is evident when you step into her home, which she shares with six dogs and six cats, all of whom were rescues. Tweet this Article! Share on Facebook! Email to a Friend!

D3402839

https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/usmc/to/ground/To4652m.htm

Military

REPORT NO. I5921C4A-1 TABLE OF MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS PAGE: 437AS OF: 99/10 (FEB 99 TROOP LIST) PREPARED: 99/02/01MISSION STATEMENT FOR T/O 4652M**4652M 26 MAY 1995TABLE OF ORGANIZATION ASSAULT AMPHIBIAN COMPANYASSAULT AMPHIBIAN BATTALIONNUMBER..........4652M MARINE DIVISIONFLEET MARINE FORCE1. PROMULGATION STATEMENT. THIS TABLE OF ORGANIZATIONPRESCRIBES THE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE, BILLET AUTHORIZATION,PERSONNEL STRENGTH, AND INDIVIDUAL WEAPONS FOR THE ASSAULTAMPHIBIAN COMPANY, ASSAULT AMPHIBIAN BATTALION, MARINE DIVISION,FLEET MARINE FORCE.2. ORGANIZATIONCOMPANY HEADQUARTERSASSAULT AMPHIBIAN VEHICLE PLATOONS (3)ASSAULT AMPHIBIAN GENERAL SUPPORT SECTIONCOMMAND AND CONTROL SECTIONMAINTENANCE SECTION3. MISSION AND TASKSA. MISSION. TO LAND THE SURFACE ASSAULT ELEMENTS OF THELANDING FORCE AND THEIR EQUIPMENT IN A SINGLE LIFT FROM ASSAULTSHIPPING DURING AMPHIBIOUS OPERATIONS TO INLAND OBJECTIVES. TOCONDUCT MECHANIZED OPERATIONS AND RELATED COMBAT SUPPORT INSUBSEQUENT OPERATIONS ASHORE. B. TASKS (1) TRANSPORT ASSAULT ELEMENTS OF THE LANDING FORCEDURING THE SHIP-TO-SHORE MOVEMENT. (2) TRANSPORT SELECTED EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES OF THELANDING FORCE DURING SHIP-TO-SHORE MOVEMENT. (3) PROVIDE LIFT FOR ASSAULT ELEMENTS, SELECTED EQUIP-MENT, AND SUPPLIES IN MECHANIZED OR OTHER COMBAT SUPPORTOPERATIONS DURING SUBSEQUENT OPERATIONS ASHORE. (4) TRANSPORT ASSAULT ELEMENTS, EQUIPMENT, ANDSUPPLIES IN MECHANIZED OR OTHER COMBAT SUPPORT OPERATIONSDURING SUBSEQUENT OPERATIONS ASHORE. (5) PROVIDE LIFT FOR LOGISTIC REQUIREMENTS DURINGSUBSEQUENT OPERATIONS ASHORE; FORWARD OF THE FORWARD EDGE OFTHE BATTLE AREA. (6) PARTICIPATE IN THE PLANNING AND COORDINATION OFREPORT NO. I5921C4A-1 TABLE OF MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS PAGE: 438AS OF: 99/10 (FEB 99 TROOP LIST) PREPARED: 99/02/01MISSION STATEMENT FOR T/O 4652MMECHANIZED OPERATIONS, LINK-UP OPERATIONS, AND RIVERINE ANDLANDING OPERATIONS. (7) PROVIDE DIRECT AND INDIRECT FIRE SUPPORT, ASREQUIRED, WITHIN THE CAPABILITY OF THE ORGANIC WEAPON SYSTEMSDURING AMPHIBIOUS OPERATIONS ASHORE. (8) TRANSPORT OTHER SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT, AS REQUIRED,BY ASSAULT UNITS DURING SHIP-TO-SHORE MOVEMENT. (9) EXECUTE THE MISSIONS ASSOCIATED WITH ASSAULTAMPHIBIAN VEHICLE (AAV) SPECIAL MISSION KITS.4. CONCEPT OF ORGANIZATIONA. ORGANIZATION. THE COMPANY CONSISTS OF A COMPANYHEADQUARTERS AND THREE ASSAULT AMPHIBIAN PLATOONS. THE COMPANYHEADQUARTERS CONTAINS THE HEADQUARTERS, COMMUNICATIONS,MAINTENANCE, AND GENERAL SUPPORT SECTIONS. EACH ASSAULTAMPHIBIAN PLATOON CONTAINS A PLATOON HEADQUARTERS AND FOURASSAULT AMPHIBIAN SECTIONS OF THREE AAVS EACH. B. COMMAND AND CONTROL (1) COMMAND AND STAFF FUNCTIONS ARE EXERCISED THROUGH ACOMMAND GROUP IN THE COMPANY HEADQUARTERS AND THE THREE PLATOONCOMMANDERS. THE COMMAND GROUP PERFORMS THE COMMAND AND STAFFNECESSARY FOR PLANNING, DIRECTION AND SUPERVISION IN THEEXECUTION OF ASSIGNED MISSIONS. THE COMMAND AND STAFF IS SUCHAS TO PERMIT THE COMPANY TO FUNCTION AS PART OF THE BATTALION,OR AS A COMPANY IN SUPPORT OF, OR ATTACHED TO AN INFANTRY UNIT. (2) INTELLIGENCE. THERE IS NO ORGANIC SPECIALIZEDRECONNAISSANCE OR SURVEILLANCE CAPABILITY WITHIN THE COMPANY. THE COMPANY COLLECTS INFORMATION BY DIRECT OBSERVATION ANDUNCOVERING ENEMY PERSONNEL AND MATERIAL. PROCESSING IS LIMITEDTO EXPEDITING THE TRANSMISSION OF INFORMATION TO HIGHERHEADQUARTERS. C. FIREPOWER. THE MAIN FIREPOWER OF THE COMPANY ISPROVIDED BY WEAPONS MOUNTED ON EACH AAV. IN ADDITION,INDIVIDUAL WEAPONS AND OTHER LIGHT INFANTRY WEAPONS ARE PROVIDEDFOR SECURITY AND LOCAL POSITION DEFENSE. D. MOBILITY. AAVS PROVIDE TACTICAL MOBILITY FOR SUPPORTEDUNITS, EQUIPMENT, WEAPONS, AND LIMITED AMOUNTS OF SUPPLIES. THETACTICAL ADVANTAGES TO UNINTERRUPTED MOVEMENT TO AND ACROSS THEBEACH; COUPLED WITH THEIR INLAND OPERATIONAL CAPABILITIES, ARESUPERIOR TO THOSE PROVIDED BY LANDING CRAFT. THE COMPANY ISTRANSPORTABLE BY RAIL, SEA AND AIR. E. LOGISTICS. THE COMPANY LOGISTICS ORGANIZATION IS BASEDREPORT NO. I5921C4A-1 TABLE OF MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS PAGE: 439AS OF: 99/10 (FEB 99 TROOP LIST) PREPARED: 99/02/01MISSION STATEMENT FOR T/O 4652MON UNIT DISTRIBUTION OF SUPPLIES, NORMAL SUPPLY PROCEDURES, ANDLIMITED ORGANIZATIONAL MAINTENANCE. THE COMPANY IS ORGANIZED TOHANDLE THE INTERNAL DISTRIBUTION OF SUPPLIES, AND CARRY A BASICLOAD. ADDITIONAL SUPPLIES, MAINTENANCE, MEDICAL SUPPORT, ANDTRANSPORTATION ARE PROVIDED BY THE BATTALION. F. COMMUNICATION (1) THE PRIMARY METHOD OF COMMUNICATION IS BY RADIO. ALTERNATE RADIOS ARE PROVIDED TO ESTABLISH EFFECTIVECOMMUNICATIONS WITH SUPPORTED COMMANDERS AT EACH ECHELON,SUPPORTING ARMS, AND SUBORDINATE UNITS TO INCLUDE INDIVIDUALVEHICLES. THE LATTER CAPABILITY CAN PROVIDE COMMANDERS OFSUPPORTED UNITS WITH AN EMERGENCY METHOD OF COMMUNICATION WITHSUBORDINATE COMMANDERS. (2) WHEN AN INFANTRY UNIT IS OPERATING IN A COMMANDVEHICLE, THEY CAN EMPLOY THE RADIOS CONTAINED THEREIN TO ENTERTHE NETS NORMAL TO THEIR OPERATION. (3) ALTERNATE MEANS OF COMMUNICATIONS ARE BY WIRE,MESSENGER, AND VISUAL DEVICES.5. CONCEPT OF EMPLOYMENTA. COMPANY ORGANIZATION FOR COMBAT. THE ASSAULT AMPHIBIANCOMPANY IS A COMPACT ORGANIZATION CAPABLE OF DEPLOYMENT, REMOVEDFROM THE BATTALION, FOR LIMITED PERIODS OF TIME. USUALLY THECOMPANY WILL BE ATTACHED TO, OR PLACED IN SUPPORT OF, A MARINEEXPEDITIONARY UNIT (MEU) OR SOME LARGER MARINE AIR-GROUND TASKFORCE (MAGTF). THE PRIME CONSIDERATION IN SELECTING THE METHODOF ORGANIZATION IS THE ABILITY OF THE PARENT ORGANIZATION TOPROVIDE LOGISTICAL SUPPORT. THE SERVICE AND SUPPORT RENDERED,OTHER THAN THE LOGISTICAL SUPPORT REQUIRED BY THE COMPANY, WILLBE THE SAME IN EITHER CASE, WHETHER THE COMPANY IS ATTACHED ORPLACED IN SUPPORT OF THE MEU OR MAGTF. B. PLATOON ORGANIZATION FOR COMBAT. THE ASSAULT AMPHIBIANPLATOON, THE BASIC UNIT OF THE BATTALION, PROVIDES THE LIFTCAPABILITY DURING THE AMPHIBIOUS ASSAULT AND OPERATIONS ASHORE. EACH COMPANY IS ORGANIZED WITH 3 PLATOONS OF 12 AAVS EACH;AND A GENERAL SUPPORT SECTION OF 4 AAVS. EACH VEHICLE HAS ARATED CAPACITY OF 18 COMBAT LOADED MARINES. A SPECIAL TASK-ORGANIZATION, THE BOAT TEAM IS ORGANIZED AROUND THE INFANTRYSQUAD OR SECTIONS AND IS EMBARKED IN EACH VEHICLE. C. COMMAND VEHICLES. AN ASSAULT AMPHIBIAN COMPANY HASTWO COMMAND VEHICLES. THE COMMAND VEHICLE, WITH THE INCREASEDRADIO COMMUNICATIONS CAPABILITY, PROVIDES AN OPTIMAL MEANS OFCONTROLLING SUPPORTING ARMS, MANEUVER UNITS, AND OTHER CRITICALELEMENTS DURING THE AMPHIBIOUS ASSAULT AND SUBSEQUENT OPERATIONSASHORE. REPORT NO. I5921C4A-1 TABLE OF MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS PAGE: 440AS OF: 99/10 (FEB 99 TROOP LIST) PREPARED: 99/02/01MISSION STATEMENT FOR T/O 4652MD. COMMAND RELATIONSHIPS. COMMANDERS OF SUPPORTED UNITSSHOULD CONSIDER THE SENIOR AAV COMMANDER TO BE A SPECIAL STAFFOFFICER, AS AN ADDITIONAL DUTY. REGARDLESS OF ECHELON, THE AAVCOMMANDER WILL BE PREPARED TO EXECUTE THIS ADDITIONAL DUTYASSIGNMENT. E. LIAISON. COMMANDERS OF UNITS TO BE SUPPORTED WILLINCLUDE COMMANDERS OF AAV UNITS IN AN INITIAL PLANNINGCONFERENCE.6. ADMINISTRATIVE CAPABILITIES. THE COMPANY IS CAPABLE OFLIMITED SELF-ADMINISTRATION. ADDITIONAL CAPABILITY IS PROVIDEDBY THE BATTALION.7. LOGISTIC CAPABILITIESA. MAINTENANCE. CAPABLE OF LIMITED (3RD ECHELON) MAINTENANCEON ASSAULT AMPHIBIANS AND VERY HIGH FREQUENCY EQUIPMENT AND ITSASSOCIATED CABLING AND AUXILIARY AUDIO EQUIPMENT TO THE BATTALION. CAPABLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL MAINTENANCE (1ST AND 2ND ECHELON) ON ALLOTHER EQUIPMENT ORGANIC TO THE COMPANY. B. SUPPLY. MAINTAINS OPERATION/TRAINING REPAIR PARTS ANDSUPPLIES, AS DIRECTED; AND A 30 DAY SUPPLY OF MOUNT OUT REPAIRPARTS WITHIN MAINTENANCE CAPABILITY. C. TRANSPORTATION. MOTOR TRANSPORT ASSETS AND AAVSTRANSPORT SUPPORTED UNITS, EQUIPMENT, WEAPONS, AND LIMITEDAMOUNTS OF SUPPLIES. HEAVY (LOGISTIC VEHICLE SYSTEMS), MEDIUMAND LIGHT VEHICLES PROVIDE TRANSPORTATION FOR ADMINISTRATIVE ANDLOGISTIC FUNCTIONS. UNDER NORMAL CIRCUMSTANCES, THE MOTORTRANSPORT IS ADEQUATE FOR THE NEEDS OF THE COMPANY. D. GENERAL ENGINEERING. NONE. E. HEALTH SERVICES. PROVIDED BY BATTALION. F. SERVICES. NONE. G. MESSING. CAPABLE OF PROVIDING A COMPANY DINING FACILITYIN GARRISON AND IN THE FIELD.8. SUPERSESSION. THIS TABLE OF ORGANIZATION SUPERSEDES TABLEOF ORGANIZATION NUMBER 4652M OF 18 JUNE 1976 AND IS EFFECTIVEUPON RECEIPT. C. E. MUNDY, JR. GENERAL, U. S. MARINE CORPSCOMMANDANT OF THE MARINE CORPSREPORT NO. I5921C4A-1 TABLE OF MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS PAGE: 441AS OF: 99/10 (FEB 99 TROOP LIST) PREPARED: 99/02/01T/O CHECKLISTT/O: 4652M AAV COMPANYT/E: N1613 N1623 N1636B T S OTHER S W SLINE BLT ALPHA R Y T MARINES SERVICES NON-CHARGEABLE C P E S SERVNO. ENGLISH DESCRIPTION CRD GRADE MOS N P A OFF ENL CIV OFF ENL OFF ENL CIV C N EDU P C LNG SCH FTN1 COMPANY HEADQUARTERS2 HEADQUARTERS SECTION3 COMPANY COMMANDER MAJ 1803 M O 1 P4 EXECUTIVE OFFICER CAPT 1803 M O 1 P5 COMPANY FIRST SERGEANT 1STSGT 9999 M E 1 P6 COMPANY GUNNERY SERGEANT MSGT 1833 M E 1 P7 MESS CHIEF SSGT 3381 M E 1 P8 GEN WAREHOUSEMAN SSGT 3051 M E 1 P9 INFANTRY WEAPONS ARMORER CPL 2111 M E 1 M10 EMBARK SPECIALIST LCPL 0431 M E 1 M12 FD SVC SPEC CPL 3381 M E 1 M15 FD SVC SPEC LCPL 3381 M E 1 M16 INF WPNS REPAIRER LCPL 2111 M E 1 M16A MT OPS CHIEF SSGT 3537 M E 1 P16B MOTOR VEH OPERATOR PFC 3531 M E 2 M16C AUTO MECHANIC SGT 3521 M E 1 M16D LVS OPERATOR LCPL 3533 M E 2 M17 FOOD SERV SPEC PVT 3381 M E 1 MSECTION TOTALSMARINE 2 1620 COMMUNICATION SECTION21 RADIO CHIEF SSGT 2537 M E 1 P22 RADIO REPAIRMAN SGT 2861 M E 1 M23 FIELD RADIO OPERATOR SGT 2531 M E 1 M24 RADIO REPAIRMAN LCPL 2841 M E 4 MSECTION TOTALSMARINE 727 MAINTENANCE SECTION28 HEADQUARTERS SECTION29 PC/CO MAINT OFFICER CWO2 2110 M O 1 P30 MAINTENANCE CHIEF MSGT 2149 M E 1 P31 ASST MAINT CHIEF GYSGT 2141 M E 1 P32 AMTRAC TECH CPL 2141 M E 1 M32A AMTRAC TECH LCPL 2141 M E 2 M33 LOG DATA CLERK CPL 0411 M E 1 M37 RECOVERY TEAM38 AMTRAC TECH SSGT 2141 M E 1 P38A AMTRAC TECH CPL 2141 M E 1 M39 AMTRAC TECH LCPL 2141 M E 1 M40 WELDER LCPL 1316 M E 1 MREPORT NO. I5921C4A-1 TABLE OF MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS PAGE: 442AS OF: 99/10 (FEB 99 TROOP LIST) PREPARED: 99/02/01T/O CHECKLISTT/O: 4652M AAV COMPANYT/E: N1613 N1623 N1636B T S OTHER S W SLINE BLT ALPHA R Y T MARINES SERVICES NON-CHARGEABLE C P E S SERVNO. ENGLISH DESCRIPTION CRD GRADE MOS N P A OFF ENL CIV OFF ENL OFF ENL CIV C N EDU P C LNG SCH FTN41 MAINTENANCE REPAIR TMS 3 EACH42 AMTRAC TECH SGT 2141 M E 1 M43 AMTRAC REPAIRMAN CPL 2141 M E 1 M44 AMTRAC RPRMN/MT DRIVER LCPL 2141 M E 2 M45 AMTRAC REPAIRMAN PVT 2141 M E 2 MSECTION TOTALSMARINE 1 2847 AMTRAC SECTION48 SECTION LEADER MSGT 1833 M E 1 P49 ASST SECTION LEADER SSGT 1833 M E 2 P9954 N49A AAV CMDR SGT 1833 M E 2 M50 AAV CREWMAN CPL 1833 M E 2 M51 AAV CREWMAN LCPL 1833 M E 6 MSECTION TOTALSMARINE 1353 COMMAND & CONTROL SECTION53A SECTION LEADER SSGT 1833 M E 2 P53B AAV CREWMAN CPL 1833 M E 2 M53C AAV CREWMAN LCPL 1833 M E 4 M53D AAV CMDR SGT 1833 M E 2 M53E AMTRAC CREWMAN/RADIO TECH LCPL 2841 M E 2 MSECTION TOTALSMARINE 1254 AAV PLATOONS (3PLTS)55 PLATOON HEADQUARTERS56 PLATOON CMDR LT 1803 M O 3 P57 PLATOON SERGEANT GYSGT 1833 M E 3 P58 FIELD RADIO OPERATOR CPL 2531 M E 3 M59 AAV SECS (4PER PLT)59A SECTION LEADER GYSGT 1833 M E 3 P60 SECTION LEADER SSGT 1833 M E 9 P61 ASST SECT LDR/TRAC CMDR SGT 1833 M E 12 M62 AAV CMDR CPL 1833 M E 21 M63 AAV CREWMAN LCPL 1833 M E 27 M64 AAV CREWMAN PVT 1833 M E 36 MSECTION TOTALSMARINE 3 114REPORT NO. I5921C4A-1 TABLE OF MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS PAGE: 443AS OF: 99/10 (FEB 99 TROOP LIST) PREPARED: 99/02/01T/O CHECKLISTT/O: 4652M AAV COMPANYT/E: N1613 N1623 N1636B T S OTHER S W SLINE BLT ALPHA R Y T MARINES SERVICES NON-CHARGEABLE C P E S SERVNO. ENGLISH DESCRIPTION CRD GRADE MOS N P A OFF ENL CIV OFF ENL OFF ENL CIV C N EDU P C LNG SCH FTNORGANIZATION TOTALSMARINE 6 190FOOTNOTE SECTION*** NO STANDARD FOOTNOTES REFERENCED ***ADDITIONAL FOOTNOTE SECTION*** NO ADDITIONAL FOOTNOTES REFERENCED ***INDIVIDUAL WEAPONSUONE DESIG NOT APPLIC AUTO RIFLE RIFLE PISTOL SNUB NOSE REVOLVER SQD A WPN UNARMEDCHARGEABLE 161 35NONCHARGEABLEUNIT SUMMARYOTHERLINE LINE MARINES SERVICES NON-CHARGEABLEUNIT FROM TO PEN PEN TITLE MCC OFF ENL CIV OFF ENL OFF ENL CIV4652M001 0206211M 122 6 1904652M002 0206211M 122 6 1904652M003 0206211M 122 6 1904652M004 0206211M 122 6 1904652M005 0206211M 121 6 1904652M006 0206211M 121 6 1904652M007 0206211M 121 6 190REPORT NO. I5921C4A-1 TABLE OF MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS PAGE: 444AS OF: 99/10 (FEB 99 TROOP LIST) PREPARED: 99/02/01T/O CHECKLISTT/O: 4652M AAV COMPANYT/E: N1613 N1623 N1636RECAPITULATION BY MOSGEN COL LTCOL MAJ CAPT LT WOREPORT E9 E8 E7 E6 E5 E4 E3 E2/1LINE SES GS15 GS14 GS13 GS12 GS11 GS10 GS9 GS8 GS7 GS6 GS5 GS4 GS3 GS2 GS1 LINENO. BMOS UNGR EXC TOTALMARINE CHARGEABLEMARINE OFFICERS1 1803 1 1 3 52 2110 1 1TOTAL 1 1 3 1 6MARINE ENLISTED3 0411 1 14 0431 1 15 1316 1 16 1833 2 6 13 16 25 37 36 1357 2111 1 1 28 2141 1 1 3 5 9 6 259 2149 1 110 2531 1 3 411 2537 1 112 2841 6 613 2861 1 114 3051 1 115 3381 1 1 1 1 416 3521 1 117 3531 2 218 3533 2 219 3537 1 120 9999 1 1TOTAL 4 7 18 22 36 58 45 190TOTAL 4 7 19 23 39 59 45 196TOTAL STRUCTUREMARINE OFF 1 1 3 1 6MARINE ENL 4 7 18 22 36 58 45 190TOTAL REQUIREMENTMARINE OFF 1 1 3 1 6MARINE ENL 4 7 18 22 36 58 45 190GRADE AVERAGEMARINE OFFICER 2.33MARINE ENLISTED 3.72CIVILIANNEWS LETTERJoin the Global Security.org mailing list Enter Your Email Address

D1901061

http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/soil-conservation/

Soil Conservation

Soil Conservation Soil conservation is a combination of all methods of management and land use that safeguard the soil against depletion or deterioration by natural or human-induced factors. Soil Erosion Erosion caused in this case by an intense thunderstorm squall lifting the soil from the fields (photo by Arjen Verkaik, Skyart Productions). Soil conservation is a combination of all methods of management and land use that safeguard the soil against depletion or deterioration by natural or human-induced factors. It most often attempts to ensure that soil does not erode and wash into streams and lakes or blow away in the wind, but it also involves the protection of the soil from damage by machinery (e.g., compaction) or by harmful changes to its chemistry (e.g., acidification or salinization). ( See also Agricultural Soil Practices . )Importance Most people know that they need clean air and clean water to stay healthy. Fewer people realize that their well-being also depends on the health of the soil. Soil supports the growth of food and fibre, so its productivity is a major factor in the economies of Canada and other nations. Yet soil also has a much broader, global role. Soil acts as a filter, cleaning air and water. It exchanges gases with the atmosphere and therefore influences the global climate. Soil receives organic wastes and recycles their nutrients back to plants; it also holds and breaks down some toxic wastes. Because soil plays such a key role in world health, economics and environmental stability, it must be conserved and used in a sustainable manner. Land Use The inherent or natural quality of a soil is determined by the geological materials and soil-forming processes (such as chemical and physical weathering) that combine to produce it. The characteristics of a natural soil can be changed by human activities, including land use and farming practices. In agriculture and forestry, decline of inherent soil quality can occur because of erosion, loss of soil organic matter, compaction, desertification and other degrading processes. Conservation Practices Soil conservation practices are commonly used in forestry during harvesting and replanting operations. Likewise, similar practices can maintain or even improve the quality of agricultural soils. Examples of these practices include adding organic (e.g., manure) and inorganic (e.g., limestone) materials, using conservation tillage (reduced tillage or no-tillage systems), reducing the amount and frequency of use of summer fallow, rotating crops and growing legumes (e.g., clover ). The type of farming activity that takes place on an area of land, be it pasture or cultivation of forage or fibre crops, cereals, oilseeds, berry fruits or vegetables, depends on the type of soil, the climate and whether crops are grown under natural rainfall or irrigation. The more any land use disturbs the land's natural ecology, the greater its effect on soil quality. On pasture lands, agricultural management practices include restricting the density of animal stocking, using rotational grazing (resting fields after they have been grazed), controlling weeds, and protecting vegetation and banks along water courses. On cultivated lands, soil management practices include crop selection and rotation, choice of tillage methods (leaving crop residues on the surface or plowing them into the soil), controlling the traffic patterns of tractors and machinery, determining rates at which to apply fertilizer, controlling pests and managing water. Crops that provide high-density and year-round ground cover offer greater protection against soil erosion than row-cropping or cropping systems that include extensive use of cultivated fallow. Minimizing the amount of tillage used for weed control or seedbed preparation reduces the breakdown of soil structure (the arrangement of soil particles into granules or clods), and keeps more plant residues on the soil surface compared to more intensive tillage. This helps maintain the soil and control erosion. Reducing the rate of oxidation of soil organic matter can contribute to increasing the amount of carbon stored in the soil, which is an important factor in reducing the greenhouse gas effect (the accumulation of carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere). Soil management that returns plant nutrients to the soil at the rate of their removal by crops will help maintain soil fertility. Reduced use of pesticides on erosion-prone soils, or use of pesticides accompanied by effective soil conservation measures, reduces the risk of contaminated sediments getting into surface water. Soil Health by Region Because of the wide diversity of landscape, inherent soil quality and farming systems in Canada, more specific trends in soil health are best observed and interpreted at the regional level. British Columbia The need for soil conservation in British Columbia varies widely, as a result of the diversity of cropping intensity. High-value specialty crops, and their associated intensive tillage and machinery traffic, provide the greatest challenge for soil conservation. Most of the cultivated land in BC is at a high to severe risk of water erosion when the soils are bare. In the Fraser Valley this is because of high rainfall and some steep cultivated slopes; in the Peace River region it is because of easily eroded silty soils and large fields with long slopes, at the foot of which snowmelt runoff accumulates and washes soil away. However, conservation practices over the past several decades have reduced these risks appreciably. Prairie Provinces Many agricultural soils in the prairies are subject to the stresses of a dry climate and are susceptible to wind erosion and salinization. Unprotected soils are also susceptible to water erosion particularly during intense summer storms or spring runoff. Severe wind erosion in the 1930s led to the creation of the Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration (PFRA) in 1935, which undertook immediate and drastic measures to control the problem. During the middle decades of the 20th century, better weather conditions led farmers to relax their vigilance. Wind erosion started to occur again more frequently, and efforts were renewed to encourage the adoption of soil conservation measures. Improvements can be attributed to reduced use of summer fallow, and greater use of conservation tillage and other erosion controls, such as permanent grass cover and shelterbelts (rows of trees or shrubs planted across the prevailing wind direction to reduce wind speeds). The risk of soil salinity has decreased in some areas because of the wider use of permanent vegetation cover (such as hay crops) and less frequent use of summer fallow. Ontario and Québec In central Canada farmland is intensively cultivated for crops like corn and soybeans. These crops require the longest possible growing season, so planting is done early and harvesting is late. Soils are often wet when these operations are carried out, and this leads to soil compaction. As well, these crops may result in the soil being inadequately protected by vegetation from rainfall and snowmelt erosion for extended periods of the year. Soil conservation practices include minimum and no-tillage, which maintain high levels of crop residues on the soil surface and reduce heavy machinery traffic. Crop rotation and periodic use of clover or alfalfa hay crops increase soil organic matter and lead to improved soil structure and fewer compaction problems. The use of manure and adequate fertilizer has a similar effect. Seeding of areas where runoff water collects to create grassed waterways also helps reduce soil erosion. Wind erosion is seldom a problem, and is mostly limited to places where the soils are very sandy or consist of organic matter (e.g., cultivated marshes). Rows of trees or shrubs can be planted in these areas to create wind breaks to reduce wind speeds, and crop residues can be kept on the soil surface to protect the soils from wind erosion. Atlantic Canada None of the four Atlantic Provinces is well-endowed with highly productive soils. The soils tend to be inherently weak many are acidic. The intensive production of potatoes and vegetable crops has further reduced organic matter levels, damaged soil structure and led to severe soil erosion on sloping land. Soil conservation practices are being adopted by farmers to control these problems. Terraces are becoming common in the potato-growing areas of New Brunswick; these are channels constructed across slopes at regular intervals. The terraces reduce the length of the slopes, which reduces the accumulation of runoff water. They carry off this water to the edge of the field. They also result in farmers planting the crop rows across the slope instead of up and down the slope, further reducing erosion of the soil by runoff. Other soil conservation practices include crop rotations in which potatoes are grown alternately with cereal grains (e.g., barley) and clover. Grassed waterways are also used in areas where water naturally concentrates, reducing the risk of erosion cutting channels (gullies) into the soil. Soil acidity is often increased by the use of the large amounts of fertilizer needed for the potato crop in this region. To control soil acidity, farmers apply ground limestone to the soil, and then mix it in with tillage implements.conservation Argiculture soil Links to other sites Soil Conservation Council of Canada A national organization promoting soil conservation. Ducks Unlimited Canada Check out this organization’s guide to the importance of soil and soil conservation. ECO Canada Information about what a career in soil conservation would entail. Recommended Your friends are reading Agricultural Soil Practices0Fertilizer0Soil Science0The Deportation of the Acadians5“O Canada”2New France41Comments Sort: newest ▼The Canadian Encyclopedia welcomes comments but does not endorse them. The comments that appear on this site do not reflect the views of The Canadian Encyclopedia. Posts that do not comply with our Terms of Use Policy will be removed. The Canadian Encyclopedia is a project of Historica Canada, a not-for-profit, non-partisan organization. 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D2846130

http://www.mccord-museum.qc.ca/scripts/explore.php?elementid=15__true&tableid=11&contentlong

at the MUSEUM

See Also Games New France Griffintown - The Irish in Montreal Related Web Tours Continuing Negotiations: First Nations and the State Out of Ireland The Settlement of Canada: An Overview By Ève Préfontaine North America was inhabited when Europeans first officially arrived in the 16th century. About 300,000 Aboriginal peoples were living in different areas of this vast territory at that time. The first inhabitants Aboriginal peoples have lived in Eastern Canada for 10,000 to 11,000 years. Scientists have hypothesized that they arrived on this continent from Asia, travelling over the Bering Strait. The Aboriginal peoples of Canada may be divided into 12 linguistic groups: the Inuit living in the Far North; the Beothuks in Newfoundland; the Algonquians, in the central region (Prairies, Ontario, Quebec and the Maritimes); the Iroquoians in the St. Lawrence lowlands and Great Lakes region; and the Huron and Sioux in Manitoba near Lake Winnipeg. On the West Coast, several different groups live along the Pacific. The impact of Europeans on the Aboriginals The Aboriginal world was radically transformed when Europeans began settling in Canada - the French in the St. Lawrence lowlands and the English along the coasts of James Bay and Hudson Bay. Aboriginal groups, for example, became embroiled in conflicts over the right to trade furs with the Europeans and to control the fur trade routes into the interior of the continent. Another legacy: the Europeans introduced to these peoples diseases they had never before encountered such as measles and smallpox, as well as typhus, tuberculosis and syphilis. Over half of the residents of some Aboriginal communities died during the various epidemics, such as the one that struck Huronia in 1639. French settlement From the founding of the city of Quebec in 1608, to the handing over of Canada to Great Britain in 1763, France controlled three-quarters of the total land mass of North America. The first inhabitants in New France were mostly single men. They arrived as indentured labourers, that is, they did not pay their fare to cross the Atlantic but after arriving in New France had to work for 36 months to reimburse their masters for the cost of their passage. Fed and housed for the duration of their contract of service, they could if they wished return to France when it ended. In the early 1660s almost half of the inhabitants of New France were recent immigrants. The population grew as more colonists arrived; by1666 it numbered 3,215 persons. British settlement When the British took political control in 1763, New France had 70,000 inhabitants. The number of English-speaking settlers in Canada rose rapidly after the American Revolution and the arrival here of the Loyalists from the American colonies to the south, as well as the expansion of immigration from Europe (largely from Great Britain). Waves of immigrants to Canada According to the 1870-1871 census of Canada, the population of the nation was composed mainly of people of British origin (2.1 million) and French origin (1 million). In addition to the German-speaking immigrants (203,000) and to the Aboriginals (136,000 in 1851), there were small groups of people who had arrived from several other countries. Historically, right up until the 1970s, Canada encouraged immigrants from Western Europe, while all but closing its doors to those from Asia and Africa. Between 1840 and 1945 several waves of immigrants arrived here in succession. Canada welcomed, among others, Germans (1830-1880 [in Ontario]; 1874-1914 [in Western Canada]; 1918-1939; after 1945), Irish (1847-1848), Italians (1850-1900), immigrants of Russian origin (late 19th century), Dutch (1890-1914; 1923-1930; 1947), Jews from Eastern Europe (1880-1914) and Japanese (1877-1928;1967). Immigration slowed to a trickle during the First World War, the Depression of the 1930s and the Second World War. The construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway in the early 1880s increased the pace of immigration, in part by attracting a large number of skilled labourers as well as British, American and European engineers to the Canadian West. From 1880 to 1885, about 15,000 Chinese worked on the CPR, living and working in deplorable conditions. Acting on a request by the government of British Columbia, in 1885 Canada imposed a head tax in order to restrict immigration from China. Measures intended to curtail Chinese immigration were in place in Canada until the late 1940s. People on the move One of the defining features of North American society is its high degree of geographic mobility. For all the people who arrived in Canada in about 1850, almost as many left for the United States. Between 1850 and 1930, almost 1 million French Canadians left Eastern Canada because of shortages of productive agricultural land and moved to the northeast United States, where they found jobs as factory workers. In the period 1860-1900, emigration exceeded immigration. Canada's population, however, remained stable because of the high birth rate. At the end of the 19th century, the Canadian government began promoting immigration to the West by offering low-cost land to homesteaders, and the populations of the western provinces gradually increased as more immigrants arrived. Although not a mechanism for controlled demographic growth, immigration has served, and still does, as a catalyst for the Canadian economy. Throughout its early years Canada favoured British, Anglo-American and western European immigrants. Those from eastern and southern Europe as well as from Asia and Africa were often victims of discrimination and endured great hardship. In the post-WWII period, the advances in human rights and increasing general prosperity helped improve the situation of Canada's non-British immigrants. REFERENCESPrinted sources Linteau, Paul-André (ed). Histoire générale du Canada. Montreal: Boréal Express, 1990 (1987). Linteau Paul-André et al. Histoire du Québec contemporain. Vol 1. De la Confédération à la crise (1867-1929). Montreal: Boréal Express, 1989. Online sources Avery, Donald H. "Immigrant Labour." The Canadian Encyclopedia [online] [ http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm? Pg Nm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0003959] (page consulted 18 May 2006). Bassler, Gerhard P. "Germans." The Canadian Encyclopedia [online] [ http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm? Pg Nm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0003238 ] (page consulted 19 May 2006). Dirks, Gerald E. "Immigration Policy." The Canadian Encyclopedia [online] [ http://www.canadianencyclopedia.ca/index.cfm? Pg Nm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0003961] (page consulted 18 May 2006). Ganzevoort, Herman. "Dutch." The Canadian Encyclopedia [online] [ http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm? Pg Nm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0002476] (page consulted 18 May 2006). Kalbach, Warren E. "Population." The Canadian Encyclopedia [ online] [ http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm? Pg Nm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0006396] (page consulted 16 May 2006). Linteau, Paul-André. "Québec Since Confederation." The Canadian Encyclopedia [ online] [ http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm? Pg Nm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0006604] (page consulted 16 May 2006). Mathieu, Jacques. "New France." The Canadian Encyclopedia [online] [ http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm? Pg Nm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0005701] (page consulted 16 May 2006). Mccracken, Jane. "Homesteading." The Canadian Encyclopedia [ online] [ http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm? Pg Nm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0003824] (page consulted 16 May 2006). Naidoo, Josephine C. "Africans." The Canadian Encyclopedia [online] [ http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm? Pg Nm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0000055] (page consulted 18 May 2006). Pierce, Richard A. "Russians." The Canadian Encyclopedia [online] [ http://thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm? Pg Nm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0007020] (page consulted 18 May 2006). Pitre, Marie-Claire. "La déportation des Acadiens." SAANB [online] [ http://www.saanb.org/references/historiques/historique03.htm (page consulted 17 May 2006). Schoenfeld, Stuart. "Jews." The Canadian Encyclopedia [online] [ http://thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm? Pg Nm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0004134] (page consulted 18 May 2006). Sturino, Franc. "Italians." The Canadian Encyclopedia [online] [ http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm? Pg Nm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0004079] (page consulted 18 May 2006). Sunahara, Ann. "Japanese Canadians." The Canadian Encyclopedia [online] [ http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm? Pg Nm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0004108] (page consulted 18 May 2006). Troper, Harold. "Immigration." The Canadian Encyclopedia [online] [ http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm? Pg Nm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0003960] (page consulted 16 May 2006). Wickberg, E. B. "Chinese." The Canadian Encyclopedia [online] [ http://thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm? Pg Nm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0001588] (page consulted 18 May 2006). Summary See all related artifacts (214)

D711873

https://www.zip-codes.com/canadian/province.asp?province=ON

Ontario Canada

Ontario Canada Ontario Canada Has 6 Area Codes416519613705807905Ontario Province Cities ACTON, ONADDISON, ONAHMIC HARBOUR, ONAILSA CRAIG, ONAJAX, ONAKWESASNE, ONALBAN, ONALBERTON, ONALEXANDRIA, ONALFRED, ONALGOMA MILLS, ONALGONQUIN HIGHLANDS, ONALLANBURG, ONALLENFORD, ONALLISTON, ONALMA, ONALMONTE, ONALTON, ONALVINSTON, ONAMARANTH, ONAMELIASBURG, ONAMHERSTBURG, ONAMHERSTVIEW, ONANCASTER, ONANGLING LAKE, ONANGUS, ONANNAN, ONAPPIN, ONAPPLE HILL, ONAPSLEY, ONARDEN, ONARDOCH, ONARISS, ONARKELL, ONARKONA, ONARMSTRONG STATION, ONARNPRIOR, ONARNSTEIN, ONAROLAND, ONARTHUR, ONARVA, ONASHBURN, ONASHTON, ONASPHODEL-NORWOOD, ONASTORVILLE, ONASTRA, ONATHENS, ONATIKOKAN, ONATTAWAPISKAT, ONATWOOD, ONAUBURN, ONAUGUSTA, ONAURORA, ONAVONMORE, ONAWERES TWP, ONAYLMER, ONAYR, ONAYTON, ONAZILDA, ONBADEN, ONBADJEROS, ONBAILIEBORO, ONBAINSVILLE, ONBALA, ONBALDERSON, ONBALDWIN, ONBALLINAFAD, ONBALMERTOWN, ONBALTIMORE, ONBANCROFT, ONBARRIE, ONBARRYS BAY, ONBARWICK, ONBATAWA, ONBATCHAWANA BAY, ONBATCHEWANA FIRST NATION, ONBATH, ONBATTERSEA, ONBAYFIELD, ONBAYSVILLE, ONBEACHBURG, ONBEACHVILLE, ONBEAMSVILLE, ONBEAR ISLAND, ONBEARDMORE, ONBEARSKIN LAKE, ONBEAUMARIS, ONBEAVERTON, ONBEETON, ONBELFOUNTAIN, ONBELGRAVE, ONBELLE EWART, ONBELLE RIVER, ONBELLE VALLEE, ONBELLEVILLE, ONBELMONT, ONBELWOOD, ONBERKELEY, ONBERWICK, ONBETHANY, ONBEWDLEY, ONBIG TROUT LAKE, ONBINBROOK, ONBIRCH ISLAND, ONBISCOTASING, ONBISSETT CREEK, ONBLACKSTOCK, ONBLENHEIM, ONBLEZARD VALLEY, ONBLIND RIVER, ONBLOOMFIELD, ONBLOOMINGDALE, ONBLUE MOUNTAINS, ONBLUEVALE, ONBLYTH, ONBOBCAYGEON, ONBOGNOR, ONBOLSOVER, ONBOLTON, ONBOND HEAD, ONBONFIELD, ONBORDEN, ONBORNHOLM, ONBOTHWELL, ONBOULTER, ONBOURGET, ONBOWMANVILLE, ONBRACEBRIDGE, ONBRADFORD, ONBRAESIDE, ONBRAMPTON, ONBRANCHTON, ONBRANTFORD, ONBRECHIN, ONBRESLAU, ONBRIDGENORTH, ONBRIGDEN, ONBRIGHT, ONBRIGHT'S GROVE, ONBRIGHTON, ONBRINSTON, ONBRITT, ONBROCKTON, ONBROCKVILLE, ONBRODHAGEN, ONBROUGHAM, ONBROWNSVILLE, ONBRUCE MINES, ONBRUCEFIELD, ONBRUNNER, ONBRUSSELS, ONBUCKHORN, ONBURFORD, ONBURGESSVILLE, ONBURKS FALLS, ONBURLINGTON, ONBURNSTOWN, ONBURNT RIVER, ONBURRITTS RAPIDS, ONBYNG INLET, ONCACHE BAY, ONCAESAREA, ONCAISTOR CENTRE, ONCALABOGIE, ONCALEDON, ONCALEDON EAST, ONCALEDON VILLAGE, ONCALEDONIA, ONCALLANDER, ONCAMBRAY, ONCAMBRIDGE, ONCAMDEN EAST, ONCAMERON, ONCAMLACHIE, ONCAMPBELLCROFT, ONCAMPBELLFORD, ONCAMPBELLVILLE, ONCAMPDEN, ONCANFIELD, ONCANNIFTON, ONCANNINGTON, ONCAPREOL, ONCARAMAT, ONCARDIFF, ONCARDINAL, ONCARGILL, ONCARLETON PLACE, ONCARLISLE, ONCARLSBAD SPRINGS, ONCARP, ONCARRYING PLACE, ONCARTIER, ONCASSELMAN, ONCASTLETON, ONCAT LAKE, ONCATHCART, ONCAVAN, ONCAVAN MONAGHAN, ONCAYUGA, ONCEDAR SPRINGS, ONCEDAR VALLEY, ONCENTRALIA, ONCENTREVILLE, ONCHALK RIVER, ONCHAPLEAU, ONCHAPUT HUGHES, ONCHARING CROSS, ONCHARLTON, ONCHATHAM, ONCHATSWORTH, ONCHELMSFORD, ONCHELTENHAM, ONCHEPSTOW, ONCHERRY VALLEY, ONCHESLEY, ONCHESTERVILLE, ONCHRISTIAN ISLAND, ONCHURCHILL, ONCHUTE A BLONDEAU, ONCLAREMONT, ONCLARENCE CREEK, ONCLARENDON STATION, ONCLARKSBURG, 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COURT, ONPAISLEY, ONPAKENHAM, ONPALGRAVE, ONPALMER RAPIDS, ONPALMERSTON, ONPARHAM, ONPARIS, ONPARKHILL, ONPARRY SOUND, ONPASS LAKE, ONPAWITIK, ONPAYS PLAT, ONPEAWANUCK, ONPEFFERLAW, ONPELEE ISLAND, ONPEMBROKE, ONPENETANGUISHENE, ONPERRAULT FALLS, ONPERTH, ONPERTH ROAD, ONPETAWAWA, ONPETERBOROUGH, ONPETERSBURG, ONPETROLIA, ONPHELPSTON, ONPICKEREL, ONPICKERING, ONPICKLE LAKE, ONPICTON, ONPIKANGIKUM, ONPIKWAKANAGAN, ONPINEWOOD, ONPLAINFIELD, ONPLANTAGENET, ONPLATTSVILLE, ONPLEVNA, ONPOINT EDWARD, ONPOINTE-AU-BARIL-STATION, ONPOINTE-AUX-ROCHES, ONPONTYPOOL, ONPOOLE, ONPOPLAR HILL, ONPORCUPINE, ONPORQUIS JUNCTION, ONPORT ALMA, ONPORT BURWELL, ONPORT CARLING, ONPORT COLBORNE, ONPORT DOVER, ONPORT ELGIN, ONPORT FRANKS, ONPORT HOPE, ONPORT LAMBTON, ONPORT LORING, ONPORT MCNICOLL, ONPORT PERRY, ONPORT ROBINSON, ONPORT ROWAN, ONPORT SANDFIELD, ONPORT SEVERN, ONPORT STANLEY, ONPORT SYDNEY, ONPORTLAND, ONPOWASSAN, ONPRESCOTT, ONPRICEVILLE, ONPRINCE ALBERT, ONPRINCE TWP, ONPRINCETON, ONPROTON STATION, ONPROVIDENCE BAY, ONPUSLINCH, ONPUTNAM, ONQUADEVILLE, ONQUEENSTON, ONQUEENSVILLE, ONQUINTE WEST, ONRAINY RIVER, ONRAITH, ONRAMA, ONRAMARA, ONRAMORE, ONRAMSAYVILLE, ONRAMSEY, ONRAVENNA, ONREABORO, ONRED LAKE, ONRED ROCK, ONREDBRIDGE, ONREDDITT, ONRENFREW, ONRESTOULE, ONRICHARDS LANDING, ONRICHMOND, ONRICHMOND HILL, ONRIDEAU FERRY, ONRIDGETOWN, ONRIDGEVILLE, ONRIDGEWAY, ONRIPLEY, ONRIVER DRIVE PARK, ONRIVER VALLEY, ONROBLIN, ONROCHES POINT, ONROCKCLIFFE, ONROCKLAND, ONROCKPORT, ONROCKTON, ONROCKWOOD, ONRODNEY, ONROLPHTON, ONROSEMONT, ONROSENEATH, ONROSLIN, ONROSSEAU, ONROSSLYN, ONROSSPORT, ONROSTOCK, ONROUND LAKE CENTRE, ONRUSCOM STATION, ONRUSSELL, ONRUTHERGLEN, ONRUTHVEN, ONSACHIGO LAKE, ONSAINT-PASCAL-BAYLON, ONSALFORD, ONSAND POINT FN, ONSANDFORD, ONSANDY LAKE, ONSARNIA, ONSARSFIELD, ONSAUBLE BEACH, ONSAULT STE. 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PAULS, ONSTAFFA, ONSTAPLES, ONSTAYNER, ONSTE ANNE DE PRESCOTT, ONSTELLA, ONSTEVENSVILLE, ONSTIRLING, ONSTITTSVILLE, ONSTOKES BAY, ONSTONECLIFFE, ONSTONEY CREEK, ONSTOUFFVILLE, ONSTRAFFORDVILLE, ONSTRATFORD, ONSTRATHROY, ONSTRATTON, ONSTRICKLAND, ONSTURGEON FALLS, ONSUDBURY, ONSULTAN, ONSUMMER BEAVER, ONSUMMERSTOWN, ONSUNDERLAND, ONSUNDRIDGE, ONSUTTON WEST, ONSWASTIKA, ONSYDENHAM, ONTALBOTVILLE ROYAL, ONTAMWORTH, ONTARA, ONTARZWELL, ONTAVISTOCK, ONTECUMSEH, ONTEESWATER, ONTEETERVILLE, ONTEHKUMMAH, ONTEMAGAMI, ONTERRA COTTA, ONTERRACE BAY, ONTHAMESFORD, ONTHAMESVILLE, ONTHE ARCHIPELAGO, ONTHEDFORD, ONTHESSALON, ONTHOMASBURG, ONTHORNBURY, ONTHORNDALE, ONTHORNE, ONTHORNHILL, ONTHORNLOE, ONTHORNTON, ONTHOROLD, ONTHUNDER BAY, ONTICHBORNE, ONTILBURY, ONTILDEN LAKE, ONTILLSONBURG, ONTIMMINS, ONTINY, ONTIVERTON, ONTOBERMORY, ONTOLEDO, ONTORONTO, ONTORRANCE, ONTORY HILL, ONTOTTENHAM, ONTOWN OF PLYMPTON WYOMING, ONTOWNSEND, ONTOWNSHIP OF WILMOT, ONTRENT LAKES, ONTRENT RIVER, ONTRENTON, ONTROUT CREEK, ONTROY, ONTUNIS, ONTUPPERVILLE, ONTURKEY POINT, ONTWEED, ONUDORA, ONUNION, ONUNIONVILLE, ONUPSALA, ONUTOPIA, ONUTTERSON, ONUXBRIDGE, ONVAL CARON, ONVAL COTE, ONVAL GAGNE, ONVAL RITA, ONVAL THERESE, ONVANESSA, ONVANIER, ONVANKLEEK HILL, ONVARNA, ONVARS, ONVAUGHAN, ONVERMILION BAY, ONVERNER, ONVERNON, ONVERONA, ONVICTORIA HARBOUR, ONVIENNA, ONVINELAND, ONVINELAND STATION, ONVIRGIL, ONVIRGINIATOWN, ONVITTORIA, ONWABIGOON, ONWAHNAPITAE, ONWAINFLEET, ONWALDHOF, ONWALFORD STATION, ONWALKERTON, ONWALLACEBURG, ONWALLACETOWN, ONWALLENSTEIN, ONWALSINGHAM, ONWALTERS FALLS, ONWALTON, ONWARDSVILLE, ONWARKWORTH, ONWARMINSTER, ONWARREN, ONWARSAW, ONWARWICK TOWNSHIP, ONWASAGA BEACH, ONWASHAGO, ONWATERDOWN, ONWATERFORD, ONWATERLOO, ONWATFORD, ONWATTEN TOWNSHIP, ONWAUBAUSHENE, ONWAWA, ONWEAGAMOW LAKE, ONWEBBWOOD, ONWEBEQUIE, ONWELLAND, ONWELLANDPORT, ONWELLESLEY, ONWELLINGTON, ONWENDOVER, ONWEST GUILFORD, ONWEST LORNE, ONWEST MONTROSE, ONWESTBROOK, ONWESTMEATH, ONWESTPORT, ONWESTWOOD, ONWHEATLEY, ONWHITBY, ONWHITE LAKE, ONWHITE RIVER, ONWHITEDOG, ONWHITEFISH, ONWHITEFISH FALLS, ONWHITEVALE, ONWHITNEY, ONWIARTON, ONWIKWEMIKONG, ONWILBERFORCE, ONWILKESPORT, ONWILLIAMSBURG, ONWILLIAMSFORD, ONWILLIAMSTOWN, ONWILLOW BEACH, ONWILNO, ONWILSONVILLE, ONWINCHESTER, ONWINCHESTER SPRINGS, ONWINDERMERE, ONWINDHAM CENTRE, ONWINDSOR, ONWINGHAM, ONWOLFE ISLAND, ONWOODBRIDGE, ONWOODHAM, ONWOODLAWN, ONWOODSTOCK, ONWOODVIEW, ONWOODVILLE, ONWOOLER, ONWORTHINGTON, ONWROXETER, ONWUNNUMIN LAKE, ONWYEBRIDGE, ONWYOMING, ONYARKER, ONYORK, ONYOUNGS POINT, ONZEPHYR, ONZHIIBAAHAASING, ONZURICH, ONZIP-Codes.com Products Canadian Postal Code Database Get all Canadian Postal Codes, Provinces, Cities and their information in one easy to use database. U. S. ZIP Code Database Get all US ZIP Codes and their information in one easy to use database. ZIP+4 ZIP Code Database Covering every address in the U. S., get the +4 information you need. U. S. 2010 Census Multi-Level Database The U. S. 2010 Census Multi-Level Database provides demographic totals and averages at the City, County, State, CBSA, and Congressional District level for 2010.

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https://cars.usnews.com/cars-trucks/hyundai/elantra

Best Compact Cars

Rankings & Research The 2018 Hyundai Elantra ranked #4 in Compact Cars . Currently the Hyundai Elantra has a score of 8.6 out of 10 which is based on our evaluation of 26 pieces of research and data elements using various sources.8.6Overall Scorecard Critics' Rating: 8.4Performance: 7.8Interior: 8.6Safety: 10.0Reliability: N/A#4 in Compact Cars#5 in Small Cars#5 in Hatchbacks Best Compact Cars#12018 Honda Civic$18,840 - $34,100 MSRPAdd to Compare#12018 Kia Soul$16,200 - $35,950 MSRPAdd to Compare#42018 Hyundai Elantra$16,950 - $24,350 MSRPAdd to Compare See the full Compact Cars rankings »2018 Hyundai Elantra Reviewby Cody Trotter | January 24, 2018Other Years:2018|2017|2016|2015|2014|2013|2012|2011|2010|2009|2008The 2018 Hyundai Elantra sits in the top third of our compact car rankings. It has a high-quality interior, but it lags behind many class rivals in terms of performance. Pros & Cons Good gas mileage Lots of available features Above-average cargo space Unimpressive engines New for 2018Some features shuffling between trims Elantra GT redesigned Features & Specs5SEATING22-32CITY29-40HWYFWDDRIVETRAIN128-201HORSEPOWERSee full 2018 Hyundai Elantra specs »Photos All Exterior Photos »All Interior Photos »See All 137 Photos »Is the Hyundai Elantra a Good Car? Yes, the Hyundai Elantra is a good car in a highly competitive class. Its comfortable cabin and practicality make it a good value, which is why it is a finalist in our Best Compact Car for the Money award. It has a spacious, well-built interior with comfortable seats and plenty of available tech features and active safety equipment. Additionally, it has more trunk space than many rivals, and its low liftover height makes it easy to load cargo. The Elantra GT hatchback has a stronger base engine and more room for cargo than the sedan version. Sport models increase engine power and add a sport-tuned rear suspension system. Still, in any form, the Elantra isn’t as quick or lithe as many other vehicles in the class. Should I Buy the Hyundai Elantra? The Hyundai Elantra is a good compact car that's also one of the more affordable cars in the class. Nonetheless, some of the Elantra’s rivals are worth your consideration. A well-equipped Honda Civic has a slightly lower sticker price than a similarly outfitted Elantra, and the Civic is one of our highest-rated cars. The similarly ranked Mazda3 has stellar performance compared to its competition. The Toyota Corolla has a lower ranking, but is one of the most reliable and practical cars you can buy. Compare the Elantra, Civic, and Corolla »We Did the Research for You: 26 Reviews Analyzed Our car reviews are based on a combination of professional test driver opinions and hard data. For our analysis of the 2018 Hyundai Elantra, we studied 26 professional reviews. The 2018 Hyundai Elantra was redesigned for the 2017 model year. Aside from the redesign of the Elantra GT hatchback, there were no major changes for 2018. As a result, this review uses applicable research and data from the 2017 and 2018 model years. Why You Can Trust Us U. S. News & World Report has been ranking cars, trucks, and SUVs for a decade, and our team has more than 75 years of combined experience in the automotive industry. To ensure that our reviews are unbiased, we don't accept expensive gifts or trips from automakers, and a third party handles all advertising on our site. How Much Does the Hyundai Elantra Cost? The base Elantra SE sedan has a starting price of $16,950. That’s one of the lowest starting prices in the class. It's worth noting, however, that the base Elantra comes with few features, so you probably won’t buy the base trim unless your main goal is to spend as little as possible. There are several higher trims. The highest sedan trim is the Elantra Limited, which starts at $22,100. The Elantra GT hatchback has a starting price of $19,350. Check out our U. S. News Best Price Program for great savings at your local Hyundai dealer. You can also find excellent manufacturer incentives on our Hyundai deals page. Hyundai Elantra Versus the Competition Which Is Better: Hyundai Elantra or Honda Civic? The Honda Civic sets the standard for what a compact car should be. It boasts athletic handling, excellent interior quality, good fuel efficiency, and a peppy engine. The Elantra comes close, but it doesn't quite match these standards. Both cars provide advanced safety and driver assistance technology, like forward collision warning, adaptive cruise control, and lane keep assist. However, those features are available in more Honda trims and at a lower price. With a great price, good gas mileage, and plenty of safety features, the Civic is the better vehicle. Which Is Better: Hyundai Elantra or Toyota Corolla? Both the Elantra and Toyota Corolla can hit 40 mpg on the highway in Eco models and provide a comfortable and accommodating interior. Yet, the Elantra has a lower starting price and better handling. Additionally, Apple Car Play and Android Auto are available in the Elantra but not in the Corolla. However, the Toyota does have one major advantage: Toyota Safety Sense is standard on every Corolla. This package includes lane departure alert, automatic emergency braking, and forward collision warning. That’s not common for the compact car class, which makes it an excellent value for the money. Unless safety features are your top priority, the Elantra is still a superior overall car. Which Is Better: Hyundai Elantra or Mazda3? There's no comparison between the Mazda3 and Elantra when it comes to performance. While the Elantra has average power and handling, the Mazda3 is one of the most fun-to-drive compact cars. The Mazda has great driving dynamics, well-balanced handling, and superb fuel economy (though the Elantra Eco’s fuel economy estimates are better). The Mazda3 also has a higher-quality interior than the Elantra, but if you’re looking for Android Auto and Apple Car Play, you won’t find it in the Mazda. However, it is available in the Hyundai. Compare the Elantra, Civic, and Corolla »Elantra Interior How Many People Does the Elantra Seat? Both Elantra body styles (sedan and hatchback) seat five people. The front seats are a great place to spend time; they’re comfortable and supportive. The rear seats could use more legroom, but they have enough space for adults to be comfortable. Elantra and Car Seats The Elantra has two full sets of LATCH car-seat connectors. The tether anchors are easy to find and won’t be confused for other hardware. The lower anchors are also pretty easy to use, though they're set deep in the seat. Elantra Interior Quality This Hyundai may not have the nicest cabin in the class, but there’s no reason to complain about it. The Elantra interior features high-end materials, and it's spacious and quiet, even at highway speeds. Elantra Cargo Space Sedan models have 14.4 cubic feet of trunk space, which is an above-average total for the class. That’s enough room for about 11 shopping bags or multiple carry-on luggage items. A hands-free trunk release is available, though it just releases the latch instead of fully opening the trunk. Elantra GT hatchback models are redesigned for 2018 and have nearly 25 cubic feet of space with the rear seats up. Fold them down, and that total more than doubles to just over 55 cubic feet, which is enough space for furniture like a dresser or a desk. Elantra Infotainment, Bluetooth, and Navigation Standard features in the Elantra include a USB port, a six-speaker audio system, and Bluetooth. Optional features include a sunroof, two additional USB ports, an eight-speaker Infinity audio system, satellite radio, Android Auto and Apple Car Play, and either a 7-inch touch screen or an 8-inch touch screen with navigation. The Elantra’s features list is among the longest in the class, and it includes items – such as Apple Car Play and Android Auto – not found in every competitor. The infotainment system is intuitive and responsive, and the dash controls are easy to reach from the driver’s seat. For more information, read What Is Apple Car Play? and What Is Android Auto? Then, see the Best Cars With Apple Car Play and Best Cars With Android Auto. Read more about interior »Elantra Performance Elantra Engine: 4 Choices The Elantra sedan’s base engine is a 147-horsepower four-cylinder. Elantra Eco models have a turbo-four that puts out 128 horsepower. Elantra GT models have a 161-horsepower four-cylinder. Sport models have turbo-four engines that put out 201 horsepower. Sport models have a little more juice than other Elantras, but no engine in the lineup really makes this car feel sporty. The Elantra doesn’t feel overly weak when you’re driving around town, though. Elantra Gas Mileage: Less Frequent Fill-Ups The Elantra gets good fuel economy ratings, earning 28 mpg in the city and 37 mpg on the highway. The Elantra Eco is even more efficient: 32 mpg in the city and 40 mpg on the highway. Each year, you’ll spend about as much at the pump driving the Elantra as you would driving a Honda Civic or Toyota Corolla. Elantra Ride and Handling: No Athlete, but No Slouch The Elantra provides solid handling ability on winding roads, though it’s not the most athletic car in the class, and the steering lacks feel. The Elantra’s ride is firm but not unpleasant; you may notice road imperfections, but they won’t jostle you around. Read more about performance »Elantra Reliability Is the Hyundai Elantra Reliable? The 2018 Hyundai Elantra is part of a generation that earns outstanding predicted reliability ratings (4.5 out of five) from J. D. Power and Associates. The average rating for all vehicles is three. The Elantra’s rating is excellent for any car, but it’s also one of the highest ratings in the class. Hyundai Elantra Warranty Like most Hyundai vehicles, the Elantra has a better warranty than most of its competitors. Hyundai backs the Elantra with a five-year/60,000-mile warranty and a 10-year/100,000-mile powertrain warranty. Read more about reliability »Elantra Safety Elantra Crash Test Results The Elantra has class-leading safety scores. The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety gives the 2018 Hyundai Elantra the highest rating of Good in five crash tests and named it a Top Safety Pick. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration awards it a four-star overall rating (out of five). Elantra Safety Features There are no standard active safety features in the Elantra. Available driver assistance features include blind spot detection, rear cross traffic alert, a rearview camera, forward collision warning, automatic emergency braking, pedestrian detection, lane departure warning, lane keep assist, lane change assist, and adaptive cruise control. Read more about safety »Which Hyundai Elantra Model Is Right for Me? There are certainly no shortage of trims to choose from if you’re buying a Hyundai Elantra. The sedan model comes in six trims, and the hatchback Elantra GT comes in two trims. Choosing the right one boils down to what you want out of your car. The Elantra Eco is the clear choice to get the best possible fuel economy. Likewise, to get the most features, the Elantra Limited is the only real option. The Elantra GT makes a great choice for drivers who want a little more horsepower (though don’t expect it to feel fast) and also need more cargo space. Hyundai Elantra SEThe Elantra SE has a starting price of $16,950. This is the base trim, featuring a 147-horsepower engine and a six-speed manual transmission. You can get a six-speed automatic for an additional $1,000. Beyond the standard features, the Elantra SE doesn’t offer anything of note. Hyundai Elantra SELThe Elantra SEL starts at $18,850. The SEL comes standard with an automatic transmission and adds a rearview camera, blind spot monitoring, lane change assist, rear cross traffic alert, and an infotainment system with a 7-inch touch screen, Apple Car Play, and Android Auto. As with the SE, the Elantra SEL has no notable option packages or available features. Hyundai Elantra Eco The Elantra Eco has a starting price of $20,500. The Eco comes with a turbocharged 128-horsepower engine that’s the most fuel-efficient in the lineup. In addition to the lower-trim features, the Eco comes with a hands-free trunk release, heated front seats, and dual-zone automatic climate control. Yet again, there are no option packages offered in this trim. Hyundai Elantra Limited The Elantra Limited starts at $22,100. Standard features in the Elantra Limited include leather upholstery, two additional USB ports, and a power-adjustable driver’s seat. Unlike lower trims, there’s an option package available for the Elantra Limited. Called the Ultimate package, it costs $4,350 and adds an 8-inch touch screen, navigation, a sunroof, heated rear seats, an Infinity audio system, Clari-fi music restoration, automatic emergency braking, adaptive cruise control, lane keep assist, and pedestrian detection. Hyundai Elantra GTThe Elantra GT has a starting price of $19,350. The GT Sport’s starting price ($23,250) is nearly $4,000 higher. The Elantra GT comes standard with a 161-horsepower four-cylinder engine, and the GT Sport comes with a 201-horsepower turbo-four. The GT Sport also offers a seven-speed automatic transmission. Features-wise, these two are similar to the higher trims of the Elantra sedan. Check out our U. S. News Best Price Program for great savings at your local Hyundai dealer. You can also find excellent manufacturer incentives on our Hyundai deals page. See 2018 Hyundai Elantra specs and trims »The Final Call The 2018 Hyundai Elantra is a good car that’s available in sedan and hatchback body styles. While its performance won’t blow you away, it’s no slowpoke, and it has a great interior with lots of available technology. However, there are many fine choices in the compact car class. Though the Elantra is in the top third of our class rankings, it may behoove you to shop around. Don’t just take our word for it. Check out comments from some of the reviews that drive our rankings and analysis. "During your search, there are some other top sedans to take a look at. The Honda Civic is unquestionably the benchmark for the class given its mix of power, features and wide range of available trim levels. We also like the Mazda 3 and the Volkswagen Golf hatchback for their engaging driving experiences and upscale interiors. Overall, though, the Elantra has a lot to offer, and it is particularly worth checking out if you're looking for a comfortable sedan that has a lot of features for an agreeable price." -- Edmunds"A sure thing, however, is that the GT and rival hatchbacks offer value against comparably equipped small SUVs that cost more to buy and drive. They can satisfy a lot of buyers' actual needs, while adding a healthy dollop of extra driving fun." -- Cars.com"This refreshed compact, this mini-Sonata, isn't going to generate a lot of headlines, but it's a major improvement to a key player in Hyundai's lineup. … So here's our conclusion on the new Elantra: More like this one, please." -- Car and Driver (2017)Buying Expert Advice Last Updated: December 22, 2017Steady Demand: Right now, the Hyundai Elantra is a top selling compact car. Although sales are strong, it is still being outsold by its Japanese rivals, the Toyota Corolla and Honda Civic nearly 2-to-1. Research more buying advice »ADVERTISEMENT – CONTINUE READING BELOW2018 Hyundai Elantra MSRP: $16,950 - $24,350Find Best Price Great Savings Minimum Savings Guarantee Hassle-Free Experience Over 75,000 car shoppers have purchased a car through the U. S. News Best Price Program. Our pricing beats the national average 86% of the time with shoppers receiving average savings of $3,279 off MSRP across vehicles. Learn More »

D140966

https://superuser.com/questions/857775/microsoft-security-essentials-quarantine-location

Microsoft Security Essentials quarantine location

_Super User is a question and answer site for computer enthusiasts and power users. Join them; it only takes a minute: Sign up Here's how it works: Anybody can ask a question Anybody can answer The best answers are voted up and rise to the top Microsoft Security Essentials quarantine locationup vote1down votefavorite Security Essentials has quarantined a file i need, it says it cannot restore it. Where does Security Essentials store its quarantined files? I have searched and cannot find its location. Windows 7 Pro 64bit.windows-7 ms-security-essentialsshare improve this questionasked Dec 28 '14 at 16:37Moab49.4k 13 88 1491So where is the quarantine location? – Andrew Morton Dec 28 '14 at 16:40Should have been an answer not a comment. – Moab Dec 28 '14 at 19:55I thought it was so trivial as a Google search that you might have deleted the question ;) – Andrew Morton Dec 28 '14 at 20:41I did search, but did not find that link, now google will return this page as a better search result due to the specific title I used. – Moab Dec 28 '14 at 22:09add a comment2 Answers active oldest votesup vote1down voteaccepted On Windows 7, the Microsoft Security Essentials quarantine location is : C:\Program Data\Microsoft\Microsoft Antimalware\Quarantine\share improve this answeranswered Dec 28 '14 at 17:37Mathieu Buisson126 1The location you provided is for the wrong product. – Ramhound Dec 28 '14 at 17:59What do you mean by "wrong product" ? It is for Microsoft Security Essentials – Mathieu Buisson Dec 28 '14 at 18:26Thanks, but it looks like there is no file of any size in there to recover, it must have deleted it. – Moab Dec 28 '14 at 19:53Microsoft Anti Malware is a different program... – Ramhound Dec 29 '14 at 10:05Microsoft Anti Malware was its name before but the folder is definitely correct. – fedmich Aug 23 '15 at 14:59add a commentup vote0down vote On Windows 7, the Microsoft Security Essentials quarantine location is : C:\Program Data\Microsoft\Microsoft Antimalware\Quarantine\BUT the folder there only has a bunch of subfolder and files that are all encrypted and you can't open them via a text editor or even read any binary data. So what you can do is to first recreate the original folder then you can restore it via the MSE app itself. Use the command below if you want to fully recreate the folder and will recursively make the full path.mkdir -p "D:\Folder\Folder2\Folder3\blah blah\"share improve this answeranswered Aug 23 '15 at 14:59fedmich204 3 8add a comment Your Answer Sign up or log in Sign up using Google Sign up using Facebook Sign up using Email and Password Post as a guest Name Email By posting your answer, you agree to the privacy policy and terms of service. Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged windows-7 ms-security-essentials or ask your own question.asked3 years, 3 months agoviewed2,312 timesactive2 years, 7 months ago Related7 Remove the Microsoft Security Essentials icon3 Microsoft Security Essentials Not Monitoring2 Microsoft Security Essentials : Not complete at full scan4 View Microsoft Security Essentials Logs1 In Security Essentials, how do I enable scanning of files previously restored from quarantine?1 Getting Microsoft Security Essentials to alert me when a threat has been found2 In Microsoft Security Essentials how do you see the location of the detected threat?0 Microsoft Security Essentials expired2 Security Essentials: restore a quarantined file to a different location?0 Stop Microsoft Security Essentials from continually asking to send a file Hot Network Questions Why does Kirk order Spock to initialise "Warp factor 1"? 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D510210

http://www.thesaurus.com/browse/monotonous

monotonous

Relevance A-Z Complexity + Length +lists blocks Common Informal Synonyms for monotonousadj all the same, remaining the sameboring stardreary stardull starho-hum starhumdrum starplodding starrepetitious starrepetitive startedious startiresome starbanausic starblah starcolorless stardroning stardull as dishwater starflat starflat as pancake starmonotone starnothing starpedestrian starprosaic starputs one to sleep starrecurrent starreiterated starsamely starsing-song starsoporific startoneless startreadmill starunchanged starunchanging staruniform staruninflected staruninteresting starunrelieved starunvaried starunvarying starwearisome starwearying star Explore Dictionary.com Insults We Should Bring Back 20 Words That Will Show Your Age Avoid these words. Seriously. The Oldest Words in English Antonyms for monotonousbrightcleareventfulexcitinginterestinglightlivelychangingever-changingvariableversatile Roget's 21st Century Thesaurus, Third Edition Copyright © 2013 by the Philip Lief Group. Cite This Source Extra Cozy Words We Need Right Now More words related to monotonousblahadj. dull, lifelessbanausicblandboringdimdrearyhumdrummonotonemonotonouspedestrianploddingyawn producingblandadj. tasteless; undistinctivebanalblahboringdulldull as dishwaterflatflavorlessho humhumdruminsipidmilk-and-watermonotonousnerdynothingpabulumsaplesstametediousunexcitinguninspiringuninterestingunstimulatingvanillavapidwaterishwateryweakwimpywishy-washyzeroboringadj. uninterestingaridbombbromidicbummercharacterlesscloyingcolorlesscommonplacedeaddrabdragdrudgingdullflatho humhumdruminsipidinterminableirksomelifelessmonotonousmoth-eatenmundanenothingnowhereplatitudinousplebeianprosaicrepetitiousroutinespiritlessstalestereotypedstodgystuffystupidtametediousthreadbaretiresometiringtriteunexcitinguninterestingunvariedvapidwearisomewell-wornzerocommonadj. average, ordinaryacceptedbanalbourgeoiscasualcharacteristiccolloquialcomformablecommonplaceconventionalcurrentcustomarydailyeverydayfamiliarfrequentgeneralhabitualhackneyedhomelyhumdruminformalmediocremonotonousnaturalpassableplainprevailingprevalentprobableprosaicregularroutinerun-of-the-millsimplestalestandardstereotypedstocktritetrivialtypicalundistinguisheduniversalunvariedusualwearisomeworkadayworn-outconstantadj. fixedconnectedconsistentcontinualequableevenfirmhabitualhomogeneousimmutableinvariablelike the Rock of Gibraltermonochromemonophonicmonotonousnonstopof a piecepermanentperpetualregularregularizedsolid as rockstabilestablestandardizedsteadfaststeadytogetherunalterableunbrokenunchangingunflappableunfluctuatinguniformuninterruptedunvaryingdimadj. darkishblahblearyblurredcaliginouscloudydarkdingydrearydullduskduskyfadedfaintflatfuzzygloomygrayill-definedindistinctlacklusterlightlessmatmonotonemonotonousmurkymutedobscuredopaqueovercastpalepoorly litshadowysulliedtarnishedtenebrousunclearunilluminatedvagueweak Roget's 21st Century Thesaurus, Third Edition Copyright © 2013 by the Philip Lief Group. Cite This Source1 2 3 ... 5 NEXT

D604938

http://www.dictionary.com/browse/darted

Nearby words for darted

noun1. a small, slender missile that is pointed at one end and usually feathered at the other and is propelled by hand, as in the game of darts, or by a blowgun when used as a weapon.2. something similar in function to such a missile, as the stinging member of an insect.3. darts, ( used with a singular verb) a game in which darts are thrown at a target usually marked with concentric circles divided into segments and with a bull's-eye in the center.4. an act of darting; a sudden swift movement.5. a tapered seam of fabric for adjusting the fit of a garment.verb (used without object)6. to move swiftly; spring or start suddenly and run swiftly: A mouse darted out of the closet and ran across the room.verb (used with object)7. to thrust or move suddenly or rapidly: He darted his eyes around the room. Origin of dart Expand Middle English Old French Old Low Franconian Old English1275-13251275-1325; Middle English < Anglo-French, Old French < Old Low Franconian; compare Old English daroth, Old High German tart, Old Norse darrathr spear, lance Related forms Expanddartingly, adverbdartingness, noun Synonyms Expand See more synonyms on Thesaurus.com1. arrow, barb. 6. dash, bolt, shoot.

D589401

http://www.evitamins.com/a/what-is-vitamin-b-complex-what-does-it-do-39

What Is Vitamin B Complex and What Does It Do?

Vitamin B Supplements Vitamin B Reviews Encyclopedia Other popular items5-HTP7-Keto Acai Amino Acids Calcium Co Q10Fish Oil Glucosamine Glutamine Krill Oil Magnesium Melatonin Multivitamins Probiotics Stevia St. John's Wart Vitamin AVitamin BVitamin CVitamin DVitamin EVitamin KWhat Is Vitamin B Complex and What Does It Do? By Marcelina Hardy, Staff Writer on Sunday, July 17, 2011Are you overweight, fatigued or stressed out? Do you suffer migraines? You may be deficient in one of the essential B vitamins.. Learn more at e Vitamins.com.1.e Vitamins Vitamin B-12 $12.99 (2)2. Trace Minerals Research Vita Straw $5.243. Now Foods B-6 $3.23In short, vitamin B complex is a grouping of all B vitamins. A more detailed answer is that vitamin B complex is actually a grouping of all water-soluble vitamins, with the exception of vitamin C. Water-soluble vitamins are those that get dissolved in water instead of getting stored in fat. You body naturally depletes itself of these vitamins faster than other nutrients because when you urinate or perspire you're also flushing them away. Niacin, or vitamin B3, is actually well known for giving urine a bright yellow color because of this. Fat-soluble vitamins, like vitamins A, D and E, can be stored in the body and released during a lapse, thus allowing for grace periods. B complex vitamins get used up daily - and once you're out, you're out until you refill. What does vitamin B complex do? Benefit No. 1: Lose Weight More than 50 percent of Americans want to lose weight, according to a 2006 Gallup poll. If you’re one of these individuals, you may want to consider your vitamin B intake. Some dieters request vitamin B12 injections to boost energy and metabolism, which helps shed body fat. The vitamin B complex specifically helps with weight loss because it breaks down fats, proteins and carbohydrates by restoring a healthy digestion. A healthy digestion system rids your body of toxins that can slow down functions that could inhibit weight loss. Benefit No. 2: Reduce Risk for Disease Wondering about your future health? Protect yourself from diseases with vitamin B complex!Pantothenic acid (B5) reduces cholesterol levels. Folic acid (B9) reduces risk for heart disease, stroke and colon cancer. Biotin improves blood-sugar control. Para-amino benzoic acid ( PABA) helps prevent connective-tissue disease. Benefit No. 3: Improve Memory B vitamins can also significantly improve memory. Bodies need choline for normal brain and memory function. Cyanocobalamin (B12) can improve memory and reduce mental fogginess. An Oxford University study found that B-Vitamins halved the rate of brain shrinkage in seniors with memory problems. Benefit No. 4: Reduce Migraine Headaches If you're popping prescription pain killers to stop migraines, you may want to try popping some vitamin B complex instead. Riboflavin (B2) helps reduce migraine headaches. Pyridoxine (B6) controls the production of the neurotransmitters dopamine, serotonin and histamine. Histamine function can affect frequency and duration of migraines. A study by Griffith University’s Griffith’s Genomics Research Centre (GRC) has shown that folate and vitamin B reduced the severity and frequency of headaches. Benefit No. 5: Improve Skin, Hair and Nails Ditch the masks and creams and grab some vitamin B for beautiful skin, hair and nails. Taking a vitamin B complex supplement helps restore RNA, synthesize DNA and produce cells. Vitamin B helps generate healthy looking skin, hair and nails, specifically vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B9, B12, biotin and choline. Check Out: What To Look For In a Prenatal What to Know About Omega-3 Fatty Acids The Facts About Melatonin and Healthy Sleep Sourceshttp://www.mayoclinic.com/health/vitamin-b12-injections/AN01400http://www.wholeliving.com/article/the-benefits-of-b-vitaminshttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/04/100415161933.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/09/100912213050.htm Share: Related Articles You May Like The Best Food Sources of B Vitamins Vitamin B5 Supports the Heart, Skin, Energy Production Who Needs More Vitamin B12? Taking B Vitamins May Reduce Your Risk of Stroke B Vitamins May Delay Progression of Alzheimer's Best Vitamin B Supplements to Try Now The Source of B12 and Its Benefits RELATED CATEGORIESEnergy Vitamins Eye Vitamins Kids, Children, Baby Liquid Vitamins Men's Vitamins Multivitamins Vitamin AVitamin BVitamin CVitamin DVitamin EVitamin KWomen's Vitamins Biotin Brewers Yeast Choline Folic Acid Food Based Vitamin BInositol Liquid Vitamin BVitamin B products you may like: Now Foods NADH - 10 mg - 60 Vegetarian Capsules (2)$26.99Life Extension Mega Benfotiamine 250 mg - 120 VCapsules (1)$22.50+ Free Shipping Now Foods Vitamin B-100 Sustained Release - 100 Tablets (1)$10.79Now Foods B-50 - 100 Tablets (1)$7.01Source Naturals Vegan True B-125 - 60 Tablets (1)$11.55Biotics Research Bio-B 100 - 180 Tablets$17.90+ Free Shipping Our Suggestions Buried Treasure B Complete Vitamins - Liquid Why you may like this product? It's a great tasting liquid form of vitamin B complex. With added vitamin C bioflavonoids, this supplement works extra hard to relieve stress. Twinlab Stress B-Complex Why you may like this product? It's great for people who have sensitive digestive systems or allergies. Without all the extra "stuff" some supplements have, this formula still contains high amounts of all the b vitamins you need!Nature's Plus Migra Actin Why you may like this product? It has high levels of vitamin B5. When blended with the feverfew, gingko and other healing naturals, they work together to combat even the most debilitating migraines.

D461233

http://www.justanswer.com/pet-bird/6w0a5-tell-cockatiel-dying.html

How can i tell if my cockatiel is dying?

How can i tell if my cockatiel is dying? How can i tell if my cockatiel is dying? Share this conversation Answered in 13 minutes by: 7/8/2012Bird Specialist: Dr. Jo Dr. Jo, Veterinarian with a heavy emphasis on avian medicine Category: Bird Satisfied Customers: 3,156Experience: DVM from Iowa State University in 1994; actively engaged in private regular and emergency practice since that time. Verified Hello, My name is XXXXX and I will do my best to help you with your question about your cockatiel. I'm so sorry you're in a situation that is causing you to ask this question. On the one hand, a cockatiel may suddenly die with no symptoms at all. As alarming as that it is, it can and does happen. Anytime a bird is showing signs of illness, however, that should be taken seriously as it is possible the bird could end up critically ill and dying. This is particularly true for birds because they are masters at hiding all signs of illness and won't let on they're ill until they're seriously sick and physically unable to hide it any longer. The signs of severe illness in a bird are weight loss (you'll feel the breastbone sticking out like a knife blade), sitting fluffed on the bottom of the cage, a decrease in activity and vocalizations, refusing to eat, and labored breathing (often shown by tail-bobbing). Additionally, some more subtle signs of illness include perching in different places, hiding, changes in droppings and eating or drinking habits. Those are the main symptoms I would watch for to know if a bird is ill and at risk for dying. The worse the symptoms are, the more likely it is that the bird will die without medical help. I welcome you to continue discussing this with me until you are satisfied with the information I have given. Please remember you can always post more to this thread, even after you've clicked to enter a rating. I'm happy to help. Thank you for using our website. Ask Your Own Bird Question Bird Specialist: Dr. Jo Hi, I'm just following up on our conversation about your cockatiel. How is everything going? Dr. Jo Ask Your Own Bird Question Dr. Jo, Veterinarian with a heavy...3,156 Satisfied Customers DVM from Iowa State University in 1994; actively engaged in private regular and... Dr. Jo is online now Continue A new question is answered every 9seconds Share this conversation

D1255785

http://www.web4health.info/en/answers/add-alcohol-withdraw.htm

How can you best handle withdrawal symptoms when you quit your alcohol abuse? Answer: When you stop drinking alcohol, you can get all kinds of withdrawal symptoms. These can vary from very light to very serious. You can suffer from sweating, sleeping badly, having stomach pains, being anxious, feeling tense or restless. In worse cases, you may also start to tremble and get an epileptic attack or delirium tremens (seizure). After 24 hours the withdrawal symptoms are usually at their peak and after three days the worst part is normally over. After 7 to 10 days, most symptoms have disappeared. If you want to stop drinking, it is best to consult a doctor. He can prescribe a tranquilizer for a short period (for example, 3 days) so that you don't feel or feel less of the withdrawal symptoms. This is also best, because serious withdrawal symptoms like a seizure or delirium can end up in the wrong way. Furthermore, you should try to relax. Think of activities that used to relax you and do them. Find space; go for a walk in the forest or in the park. Phyiscal exercise reduces withdrawal symptoms. Avoid crowded places. Take it easy and try to do things you like or that distract you. Also, avoid coffee and tea; they make you restless. Drink a lot of water or soft drinks and eat regularly. Sleeping badly is part of it, so keep that in mind. A controversial issue is whether to stop abruptly or reduce the drug gradually in small steps. Depending on the kind of drug and your personality, one or the other mode can work best for you. In the case of dependence on high doses of Diazepams (Tranquillizers) schemes for successively reducing the drug intake can be prescribed by doctors. More. Whether to stop abruptly or gradually also varies between drugs. For some drugs, like alcohol and nicotine/tobacco, abrupt quitting is often best (aided by Naltrexone for alcohol) while for other drugs, like benzodiazepines, gradual lowering of the dose may be better for some people.

D2085914

https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20120925121914AAZoxhu

How long do cold sores take to go away?

Health Diseases & Conditions Skin Conditions How long do cold sores take to go away? I got a small one on my lower lip from when i woke up this morning, any one know how long it will take to go away? Also if you can could you tell me what to do to prevent or get rid of them? Follow 4 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: It depends on your body really. I have seen them go away in a couple days, some take a week or longer. Preventing them is hard, there is no scientific proof of how or why they appear, but the main causes are because of really cold weather, sun blistered skin, stress, and/or anxiety. Try these things to help get rid of them quicker: Cold compresses Warm compresses Lysine pills Vitamins C, E or B12 Topical tea tree oil Topical zinc Adam · 6 years ago1 0 Comment Asker's rating The first symptoms of cold sores may include pain around your mouth and on your lips, a fever, a sore throat, or swollen glands in your neck or other parts of the body. Small children sometimes drool before cold sores appear. After the blisters appear, the cold sores usually break open, leak a clear fluid, and then crust over and disappear after several days to 2 weeks. For some people, cold sores can be very painful. How can you prevent cold sores? There are some things you can do to keep from getting the herpes simplex virus. Avoid coming into contact with infected body fluids, such as kissing an infected person. Avoid sharing eating utensils, drinking cups, or other items that a person with a cold sore may have used. Source (s): Web MDTim · 6 years ago1 0 Comment I've had a few cold sores, and they are usually caused by stress. if you put special stuff from a pharmacy it should be gone within a 3 days to a week. well, that's with me anyway Source (s):my own experience Eva Lucia · 6 years ago0 0 Commentabout a week. I used to lance them with a razor, then squeeze or suck out the puss with a neoprene tube. Source (s):http://www.livestrong.com/article/255657... The Doctor · 6 years ago0 0 Comment Perhaps you would like to learn more about one of these? Graphic Design Degrees Need a Small Business Loan? Find Treatments for COPD Portfolio Management Options

D3404038

https://www.glassdoor.com/Benefits/Kent-State-US-Benefits-EI_IE28508.0,10_IL.11,13_IN1.htm

Kent State Benefits

Kent State Benefits All Employees All Employees Part-time Full-time USUS3.9 37 Ratings Employee Benefit Reviews Showing 1–10 of 37 comments Most Commented Professional Development Professional Development (6 comments)“The university is quite supportive in terms teaching skill development.”Tuition Assistance Tuition Assistance (5 comments)“As a teaching assistant, they will cover your graduate tuiton at a 100%.”Health Insurance Health Insurance (4 comments)“For an unknown reason, their health insurance went from very good to very bad. Their student's health center is terrible, but it's free.”Mar 26, 2018Former Project Manager in Kent, Ohio Great health insurance, excellent health initiatives. Flag as Inappropriate Flag as Inappropriate Helpful Feb 24, 2018Current professor in Kent, Ohio The package is getting worse than before. The university matching used to be quite good. Flag as Inappropriate Flag as Inappropriate Helpful Jan 06, 2018Former Teacher / Instructor. in Kent, Ohio They give the OPERs retirement benefits, and they contribute 5 times as much as you do given you work for them for 5 years. Flag as Inappropriate Flag as Inappropriate Helpful Dec 02, 2017Former Employee in Kent, Ohio Bets things are flexible and comprehensive healthcare, 401K options (TIAA-CREF, OPERS, private), and tuition reimbursement for staff and dependents. Worse thing is that, unless you use the education benefit, it's not a benefit. Flag as Inappropriate Flag as Inappropriate Helpful Nov 29, 2017Current Employee in Kent, Ohio Health insurance has good coverage, premium is decent. Tuition assistance is nice except it does not cover books and some fees. Most employees get paid time off around Christmas was the campus is closed. Flag as Inappropriate Flag as Inappropriate Helpful Oct 03, 2017Former Professor in Kent, Ohio Great benefits. Free tuition for children. No complaints Flag as Inappropriate Flag as Inappropriate Helpful Sep 26, 2017Current Coordinator in Kent, Ohio The vacation and sick time are very generous at the university. Flag as Inappropriate Flag as Inappropriate Helpful Aug 30, 2017Former Employee in Kent, Ohio Good vacation and sick leave benefits. Flag as Inappropriate Flag as Inappropriate Helpful Aug 05, 2017Current Employee in Kent, Ohio Best things: healthcare, rx, medical, dental, vision benefits are very good. Pension for retirement is also pretty nice. Worst things: salary heavy administrators who don't listen to the students, or those who work with them on a daily basis. These people then make decisions in their own best interest, with no input sought or heeded when given. They also often buy outdated software which nobody needs, wants, or …Show More Flag as Inappropriate Flag as Inappropriate Helpful May 11, 2017Current Shift Supervisor in Kent, Ohio There are no benefits for part time employees Flag as Inappropriate Flag as Inappropriate Helpful Previous1 2 3 4Next Benefits Summary List based on reports from current and former employees. It may not be complete. Legend: Checkmark Employer Verified No Data Insurance, Health & Wellness Checkmark Health Insurance (16) Dental Insurance Flexible Spending Account (FSA)Checkmark Vision Insurance (11)Health Savings Account (HSA) Life Insurance Supplemental Life Insurance Disability Insurance Occupational Accident Insurance Health Care On-Site Mental Health Care Retiree Health & Medical Accidental Death & Dismemberment Insurance Financial & Retirement Pension Plan Checkmark401K Plan (8)Checkmark Retirement Plan (12) Employee Stock Purchase Plan Performance Bonus Stock Options Equity Incentive Plan Supplemental Workers' Compensation Charitable Gift Matching Family & Parenting Checkmark Maternity & Paternity Leave (13) Work From Home Fertility Assistance Dependent Care Adoption Assistance Childcare Reduced or Flexible Hours Military Leave Family Medical Leave Unpaid Extended Leave Vacation & Time Off Checkmark Vacation & Paid Time Off (14)Checkmark Sick Days (8)Checkmark Paid Holidays (12) Volunteer Time Off Sabbatical Bereavement Leave Perks & Discounts Employee Discount Free Lunch or Snacks Employee Assistance Program Gym Membership Commuter Checks & Assistance Pet Friendly Workplace Mobile Phone Discount Company Car Company Social Events Travel Concierge Legal Assistance Professional Support Diversity Program Checkmark Job Training (7)Checkmark Professional Development (19) Apprenticeship Program Checkmark Tuition Assistance (12)Work at Kent State? Share Your Experiences Kent State Click to Rate Add a Salary Add Benefits

D13146

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/reliability

reliability

reliability Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Financial, Acronyms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia. Related to reliability: Software reliability, Reliability testingre·li·a·ble (rĭ-lī′ə-bəl)adj.1. Capable of being relied on; dependable: a reliable assistant; a reliable car.2. Yielding the same or compatible results in different clinical experiments or statistical trials.re·li′a·bil′i·ty, re·li′a·ble·ness n.re·li′a·bly adv. Synonyms: reliable, dependable, responsible, trustworthy, trusty These adjectives mean worthy of reliance or trust: a reliable source of information; a dependable worker; a responsible babysitter; a trustworthy report; a trusty assistant. American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.reliability The ability of an item to perform a required function under stated conditions for a specified period of time. Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms. US Department of Defense 2005. Reliability/Unreliability See Also: FIRMNESS, STEADINESS (I found the almond trees as) dependable as the swallows of Capistrano, announcing anotherspring —Wallace Stegner As reliable as the day following the night —Dorothea Straus [A collection of art works] as spotty as a Dalmation and not half as beautiful —Manuela Hoelterhoff, on the new Wallace wing at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Wall Street Journal, March 17, 1987Consistent and productive as machines —Gay Gaer Luce Dealing with Owen Roe was like walking across a bog. You never knew when the groundmight give way under your feet —Julia O’Faolain Dependable as a floating crap game —Harry Prince Dependable as clockwork … —Anon Dependable as daylight —Beryl Markham A duty dodged is like a debt unpaid; it is only deferred, and we must come back and settlethe account at last —Joseph Fort Duty without responsibility is like pomp without power —Edward, Duke of Windsor Fickle as a changeful dream —Sir Walter Scott It [buying a house] was like joining a church because it committed me to spending everyweekend I could get … to working on the place —George V. Higgins (You’ve got) no more responsibility than a one-eyed jack rabbit —Elmer Kelton Reliability’s like a string we can only see the middle of —William Mc Fee (About as) reliable as a Pravda editorial —Joseph Wambaugh Reliable as a salary —Frank R. Stockton Reliable as crystal balls, goat innards, and prayer —Harold Adams Reliable as he was eccentric —Mark Twain Reliable as reading tea leaves or the bumps on one’s head —Peter J. Bonacich, letter to editor of Discover, April, 1986Responsibility rested upon him as lightly as the freckles on his nose —Alice Caldwell Hegan Solid as tombstones —Helen Hudson Wore, like a garment, an air of wholesome reliability —Mazo De La Roche Would always be there … like some familiar landmark —Barbara Pym, The Sweet Dove Died Similes Dictionary, 1st Edition. © 1988 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved. Thesaurus Antonyms Related Words Synonyms Legend: Switch to new thesaurus Noun 1. reliability - the quality of being dependable or reliabledependability, dependableness, reliablenessresponsibleness, responsibility - a form of trustworthiness; the trait of beinganswerable to someone for something or being responsible for one's conduct; "he holds a position of great responsibility"solidity, solidness - the quality of being solid and reliable financially or factually or morally; "the solidity of the evidence worked in his favor"; "the solidness of her faith gaveher enduring hope"infallibility - the quality of never making an errorduplicability, reproducibility - the quality of being reproducibleundependability, undependableness, unreliability, unreliableness - the trait of not being dependable or reliable Based on Word Net 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. © 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc. Translations Select a language:fiabilidad formalidadreliability [rɪˌlaɪəˈbɪlɪtɪ] N1. (= dependability) [ of person, firm] → seriedad f, formalidad f; [ of car, method] → fiabilidad fthey have a reputation for good service and reliability → tienen fama de dar un buenservicio y ser formales2. (= trustworthiness) [ of facts] → verosimilitud f; [ of information, figures, account] → fiabilidad fwe have doubts about the reliability of the results → dudamos de la fiabilidad de losresultados Collins Spanish Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged 8th Edition 2005 © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1971, 1988 © Harper Collins Publishers 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005rely ( rəˈlai) : rely on verb1. to depend on or need. The people on the island relied on the supplies that were brought from the mainland; I am relying on you to help me. contar con2. to trust (someone) to do something; to be certain that (something will happen). Can he rely on him to keep a secret? ; He can be relied on; That is what will probably happen, but we can't rely on it. confiar en, contar conreˈliable ( -ˈlai-) adjective ( negative unreliable) able to be trusted. Is he reliable? ; Is this information reliable? fiable, de confianzareˌliaˈbility nounfiabilidadreˈliably ( -ˈlai-) adverbfrom a reliable source; by a reliable person. I am reliably informed that the Prime Minister is going to resign. por una fuente fiable, por medios fiablesreˈliance ( -ˈlai-) nouna country's reliance on aid from other countries; a child's reliance on its mother. dependenciareˈliant adjectivedependiente Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary © 2006-2013 K Dictionaries Ltd.re·li·a·bil·i·tyn. confiabilidad; calidad de confianza. English-Spanish Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012reliabilityn ( device) fiabilidad f English-Spanish/Spanish-English Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2006 by The Mc Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: Facebook Twitter

D576514

http://www.chegg.com/homework-help/definitions/social-learning-theory-49

Social Learning Theory

Social Learning Theory Social learning theory is the view that people learn by observing others. Associated with Albert Bandura's work in the 1960s, social learning theory explains how people learn new behaviors, values, and attitudes. For example, a teenager might learn slang by observing peers. Social learning requires attention to the person (s) observed, remembering the observed behavior, the ability to replicate the behavior, and a motivation to act the same way. For example, a child might see a sibling receive a lollipop for behaving politely and imitate the sibling in the hope of getting a treat, too. Not all learning is acted on (as when someone learns to pick a lock but never does, for example). Sociologists have used social learning to explain aggression and criminal behavior especially. See more Sociology topics Lesson on Social Learning Theory Social Learning Theory | Sociology | Chegg Tutors Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 5:14Social Learning Theory | Sociology | Chegg Tutors Show Transcript Videos related to Sociology1:00tutorial Piaget and Cognitive Development1:00tutorial Basic vs Applied Research1:00tutorial Impression formation Show more Need more help understanding social learning theory? We've got you covered with our online study tools Q&A related to Social Learning Theory Experts answer in as little as 30 minutes Q: Central Park Associates CPAs is conducting an audit of a U. S. manufacturing company. When reviewing the company's inventory policy and physical inventory policy, the auditors noted the following facts: 1) Physical in... A: See Answer See more related Q&ATop Sociology solution manuals Get step-by-step solutions Find step-by-step solutions for your textbook Submit See more related Sociology Textbook Solutions

D2633105

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1840

United States presidential election, 1840

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search United States presidential election, 1840← 1836 October 30 – December 2, 1840 1844 →All 294 electoral votes of the Electoral College148 electoral votes needed to win Turnout 80.2% [1] 22.4 pp Nominee William H. Harrison Martin Van Buren Party Whig Democratic Home state Ohio New York Running mate John Tyler none Electoral vote 234 60States carried 19 7Popular vote 1,275,390 1,128,854Percentage 52.9% 46.8%Presidential election results map. Yellow denotes states won by Harrison/Tyler, blue denotes those won by Van Buren & one of his three running mates. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes allotted to each state. President before election Martin Van Buren Democratic Elected President William H. Harrison Whig The United States presidential election of 1840 was the 14th quadrennial presidential election, held from Friday, October 30, to Wednesday, December 2, 1840. In the midst of the Panic of 1837, incumbent President Martin Van Buren of the Democratic Party was defeated by Whig nominee William Henry Harrison. The election marked the first of two Whig victories in presidential elections. In the previous election, the Whigs had been unable to field a single ticket, but in 1839, the Whigs held a national convention for the first time. The 1839 Whig National Convention saw 1836 nominee William Henry Harrison defeat former Secretary of State Henry Clay and General Winfield Scott. Van Buren faced little opposition at the 1840 Democratic National Convention, but controversial Vice President Richard Mentor Johnson was not re-nominated. The Democrats became the first (and, to date, only) major party since the passage of the Twelfth Amendment to fail to select a vice presidential nominee. Referencing Vice President John Tyler and Harrison's participation in the Battle of Tippecanoe, the Whigs campaigned on the slogan of " Tippecanoe and Tyler Too ." With Van Buren weakened by the poor economic conditions, Harrison won a majority in the popular vote and 234 of the 294 electoral votes. 42.4% of the voting age population voted for Harrison, the highest percentage in the history of the United States up to that time. [1] Van Buren's loss made him the third president to lose re-election. The Whigs did not get to enjoy the benefits of their electoral victory. The 67-year-old Harrison was the oldest U. S. president elected until Ronald Reagan won the 1980 presidential election, and Harrison died a little more than a month after his inauguration. Harrison was succeeded by John Tyler, who proved to be disastrous for the Whigs. While Tyler had been a staunch supporter of Clay at the convention, he was a former Democrat and a passionate supporter of states' rights. As President Tyler blocked the Whigs' domestic legislative agenda, he was expelled from the party. Contents [ hide ]1 Nominations1.1 Democratic Party nomination1.2 Whig Party nomination1.3 Anti-Masonic Party nomination1.4 Liberty Party nomination2 General election2.1 Campaign2.1.1 Log cabin campaign of William Henry Harrison2.2 Results2.3 Geography of results2.3.1 Cartographic gallery3 Results by state4 Campaign songs/slogans4.1 Harrison4.2 Van Buren5 Election paraphernalia6 Electoral college selection7 In popular culture8 See also9 References10 Further reading11 External links Nominations [ edit]Democratic Party nomination [ edit]Main article: 1840 Democratic National Convention Democratic Party Ticket, 1840Martin Van Burenfor President8th President of the United States (1837–1841)Campaign Van Buren, the incumbent president, was re-nominated in Baltimore in May 1840. The party refused to re-nominate his sitting vice president, Richard M. Johnson, but could not agree on an alternative, and so nominated no one. This remains the only time since the passage of the 12th Amendment, that a major party failed to do so. In the electoral college, the Democratic vice presidential votes were divided among Johnson, Littleton W. Tazewell, and James K. Polk. Whig Party nomination [ edit]Main article: 1839 Whig National Convention Whig Party Ticket, 1840William Henry Harrison John Tylerfor President for Vice President Former U. S. Senator from Ohio (1825–1828)Former U. S. Senator from Virginia (1827–1836)Campaign Three years after Democrat Martin Van Buren was elected President in the election of 1836 over three Whig candidates, the Whigs met in national convention determined to unite behind a single candidate. The convention was chaired by Isaac C. Bates of Massachusetts and James Barbour of Virginia presided over the convention. The party nominated the popular retired general William Henry Harrison of Ohio for President, the most successful of the three Whig presidential candidates from the previous election. Harrison, though a slave-owner and aristocrat, was perceived as being simple and a commoner. [2] The convention nominated former Senator John Tyler from Virginia for Vice President. The two would go on to win the 1840 presidential election by defeating Van Buren. Because Harrison (born in Virginia) was considered a Northerner (as a resident of Ohio), the Whigs needed to balance the ticket with a Southerner. They also sought a Clay supporter to help unite the party. Tyler was finally chosen by the convention after several Southern Clay supporters had been approached but refused. Tyler had previously been the running-mate of Hugh Lawson White and Willie Person Mangum during the four-way Whig campaign at the previous election. Anti-Masonic Party nomination [ edit]After the negative views of Freemasonry among a large segment of the public began to wane in the mid 1830s, the Anti-Masonic Party had begun to disintegrate. Its leaders began to move one by one to the Whig party. Party leaders met in September 1837 in Washington, D. C., and agreed to maintain the party. The third Anti-Masonic Party National Convention was held in Philadelphia on November 13-14, 1838. By this time, the party had been almost entirely supplanted by the Whigs. The delegates unanimously voted to nominate William Henry Harrison for president (who the party had supported for president the previous election along with Francis Granger for Vice President) and Daniel Webster for Vice President. However, when the Whig National Convention nominated Harrison with John Tyler as his running mate, the Anti-Masonic Party did not make an alternate nomination and ceased to function and was fully absorbed into the Whigs by 1840. Convention vote Presidential vote Vice Presidential vote William Henry Harrison 119 Daniel Webster 119Liberty Party nomination [ edit]The Liberty Party was announced in November 1839, and first gathered in Warsaw, New York. Its first national convention took place in Arcade on April 1, 1840. The Liberty Party nominated James G. Birney, a Kentuckian, former slaveholder, and prominent abolitionist, for President while Thomas Earle of Pennsylvania was selected as his running mate. General election [ edit]Campaign [ edit]Caricature on the aftermath of the panic of 1837In the wake of the Panic of 1837, Van Buren was widely unpopular, and Harrison, following Andrew Jackson 's strategy, ran as a war hero and man of the people while presenting Van Buren as a wealthy snob living in luxury at the public expense. Although Harrison was comfortably wealthy and well educated, his " log cabin " image caught fire, sweeping all sections of the country. Harrison avoided campaigning on the issues, with his Whig Party attracting a broad coalition with few common ideals. The Whig strategy overall was to win the election by avoiding discussion of difficult national issues such as slavery or the national bank and concentrate instead on exploiting dissatisfaction over the failed policies of the Van Buren administration with colorful campaigning techniques. Log cabin campaign of William Henry Harrison [ edit]Main article: William Henry Harrison presidential campaign, 1840Harrison was the first president to campaign actively for office. He did so with the slogan " Tippecanoe and Tyler too ". Tippecanoe referred to Harrison's military victory over a group of Shawnee Indians at a river in Indiana called Tippecanoe in 1811. For their part, Democrats laughed at Harrison for being too old for the presidency, and referred to him as "Granny", hinting that he was senile. Said one Democratic newspaper: "Give him a barrel of hard cider, and ... a pension of two thousand [dollars] a year ... and ... he will sit the remainder of his days in his log cabin. "Results by county explicitly indicating the percentage of the winning candidate in each county. Shades of yellow are for Harrison (Whig) and shades of blue are for Van Buren (Democrat). Whigs took advantage of this quip and declared that Harrison was "the log cabin and hard cider candidate", a man of the common people from the rough-and-tumble West. They depicted Harrison's opponent, President Martin Van Buren, as a wealthy snob who was out of touch with the people. In fact, it was Harrison who came from a family of wealthy planters, while Van Buren's father was a tavernkeeper. Harrison however moved to the frontier and for years lived in a log cabin, while Van Buren had been a well-paid government official. Nonetheless, the election was held during the worst economic depression in the nation's history, and voters blamed Van Buren, seeing him as unsympathetic to struggling citizens. Harrison campaigned vigorously and won. Results [ edit]Harrison won the support of western settlers and eastern bankers alike. The extent of Van Buren's unpopularity was evident in Harrison's victories in New York (the president's home state) and in Tennessee, where Andrew Jackson himself came out of retirement to stump for his former vice-president. Few Americans were surprised when Van Buren lost by an electoral vote of 234 to 60. But many were amazed by the close popular vote. Of 2,400,000 votes cast, Van Buren lost by only 146,000. Given the circumstances, it is surprising that the Democrats did as well as they did. [3]Of the 1,179 counties/independent cities making returns, Harrison won in 699 (59.29%) while Van Buren carried 477 (40.46%). Three counties (0.25%) in the South split evenly between Harrison and Van Buren. Harrison's victory won him precious little time as chief executive of the United States. After giving the longest inauguration speech in U. S. history (about 1 hour, 45 minutes, in cool weather), Harrison served only one month as president before dying of pneumonia on April 4, 1841. This was the first election in US history in which a candidate won more than a million popular votes. This was the last election where Indiana voted for the Whigs. It is also the only election where the Whigs won Maine, Michigan, and Mississippi. The election was also the last time that Mississippi voted against the Democrats until 1872, the last in which Indiana did so until 1860 and the last in which Maine and Michigan did so until 1856. Presidential candidate Party Home state Popular vote (a) Electoral vote Running mate Count Percentage Vice-presidential candidate Home state Electoral vote William Henry Harrison Whig Ohio1,275,390 52.9% 234John Tyler Virginia234Martin Van Buren Democratic New York1,128,854 46.8% 60 Richard Mentor Johnson Kentucky48Littleton W. Tazewell Virginia11James Knox Polk Tennessee1James G. Birney Liberty New York 6,797 0.3% 0Thomas Earle Pennsylvania0Other 767 0.0% — Other —Total 2,411,808 100% 294 294Needed to win 148 148Source (Popular Vote): Leip, David. "1840 Presidential Election Results". Dave Leip's Atlas of U. S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved July 27, 2005. Source (Electoral Vote): "Electoral College Box Scores 1789–1996". National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved July 31, 2005. (a)The popular vote figures exclude South Carolina where the Electors were chosen by the state legislature rather than by popular vote. Popular vote Harrison 52.88%Van Buren 46.81%Others 0.31%Electoral vote Harrison 79.59%Van Buren 20.41%Geography of results [ edit]Cartographic gallery [ edit]Map of presidential election results by county Map of Whig presidential election results by county Map of Democratic presidential election results by county Map of Liberty presidential election results by county Map of "Other" presidential election results by county Cartogram of presidential election results by county Cartogram of Whig presidential election results by county Cartogram of Democratic presidential election results by county Cartogram of Liberty presidential election results by county Cartogram of "Other" presidential election results by county Results by state [ edit]Source: Data from Walter Dean Burnham, Presidential ballots, 1836-1892 (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1955) pp 247-57. William Henry Harrison Whig Martin Van Buren Democratic James G. Birney Liberty Margin State Total State electoral votes # % electoral votes # % electoral votes # % electoral votes # % #Alabama 7 28,515 45.62 - 33,996 54.38 7 no ballots -5,481 -8.76 62,511 ALArkansas 3 5,160 43.58 - 6,679 56.42 3 no ballots -1,519 -12.84 11,839 ARConnecticut 8 31,598 55.55 8 25,281 44.45 - no ballots 6,317 11.10 56,879 CTDelaware 3 5,967 54.99 3 4,872 44.89 - no ballots 1,095 10.10 10,852 DEGeorgia 11 40,339 55.78 11 31,983 44.22 - no ballots 8,356 11.56 72,322 GAIllinois 5 45,574 48.91 - 47,441 50.92 5 160 0.17 - -1,867 -2.01 93,175 ILIndiana 9 65,302 55.86 9 51,604 44.14 - no ballots 13,698 11.72 116,906 INKentucky 15 58,488 64.20 15 32,616 35.80 - no ballots 25,872 28.40 116,865 KYLouisiana 5 11,296 59.73 5 7,616 40.27 - no ballots 3,680 19.46 18,912 LAMaine 10 46,612 50.23 10 46,190 49.77 - no ballots 422 0.46 92,802 MEMaryland 10 33,528 53.83 10 28,752 46.17 - no ballots 4,776 7.66 62,280 MDMassachusetts 14 72,852 57.44 14 52,355 41.28 - 1,618 1.28 - 20,497 16.16 126,825 MAMichigan 3 22,933 51.71 3 21,096 47.57 - 321 0.72 - 1,837 4.14 44,350 MIMississippi 4 19,515 53.43 4 17,010 46.57 - no ballots 2,505 6.86 36,525 MSMissouri 4 22,954 43.37 - 29,969 56.63 4 no ballots -7,015 -13.26 52,923 MONew Hampshire 7 26,310 43.88 - 32,774 54.66 7 872 1.45 - -6,464 -10.78 59,956 NHNew Jersey 8 33,351 51.74 8 31,034 48.15 - 69 0.11 - 2,317 3.59 64,454 NJNew York 42 226,001 51.18 42 212,733 48.18 - 2,809 0.64 - 13,268 3.00 441,543 NYNorth Carolina 15 46,567 57.68 15 34,168 42.32 - no ballots 12,399 15.36 80,735 NCOhio 21 148,157 54.10 21 124,782 45.57 - 903 0.33 - 23,375 8.53 273,842 OHPennsylvania 30 144,010 50.00 30 143,676 49.88 - 340 0.12 - 334 0.12 288,026 PARhode Island 4 5,278 61.22 4 3,301 38.29 - 42 0.49 - 1,977 22.93 8,621 RISouth Carolina 11 no popular vote no popular vote 11 no popular vote - - - SCTennessee 15 60,194 55.66 15 47,951 44.34 - no ballots 12,243 11.32 108,145 TNVermont 7 32,445 63.90 7 18,009 35.47 - 319 0.63 - 14,436 28.43 50,773 VTVirginia 23 42,637 49.35 - 43,757 50.65 23 no ballots -1,120 -1.30 86,394 VATOTALS: 294 1,275,583 52.87 234 1,129,645 46.82 60 7,453 0.31 - 145,938 6.05 2,412,694 USTO WIN: 148Campaign songs/slogans [ edit]Harrison [ edit]" Tippecanoe and Tyler too "Abbreviated version First verse and chorus. Problems playing this file? See media help. Full version All twelve verses. Problems playing this file? See media help. Van Buren [ edit]Rockabye, baby, Daddy's a Whig When he comes home, hard cider he'll swig When he has swug He'll fall in a stu And down will come Tyler and Tippecanoe. Rockabye, baby, when you awake You will discover Tip is a fake. Far from the battle, war cry and drum He sits in his cabin a'drinking bad rum. Rockabye, baby, never you cry You need not fear of Tip and his Ty. What they would ruin, Van Buren will fix. Van's a magician, they are but tricks. Election paraphernalia [ edit]Harrison "Tippecanoe Club" ribbon Ribbon for Harrison political rally Ribbon for Danvers, Mass. delegation to Harrison Rally, Bunker Hill, 1840; engraved by George Girdler Smith Delegate badge, Democratic convention Cover of Boston Harrison Club's Harrison Melodies, 1840 [4]Electoral college selection [ edit]Method of choosing electors State (s)Each Elector appointed by state legislature South Carolina Each Elector chosen by voters statewide (all other States)In popular culture [ edit]In the film Amistad, Van Buren (played by Nigel Hawthorne) is seen campaigning for re-election. These scenes have been criticized for their historical inaccuracy. [5]See also [ edit]History of the United States (1789-1849)Second Party System United States House of Representatives elections, 1840United States Senate elections, 1840Inauguration of William Henry Harrison References [ edit]^ a b Between 1828-1928: "Voter Turnout in Presidential Elections: 1828 - 2008". The American Presidency Project. UC Santa Barbara. Retrieved 2012-11-09.^ "About US President William Henry Harrison". What is USA News. 17 September 2013. Retrieved 2012-09-16.^ Watson, Harry L. (2006). Liberty and Power: The Politics of Jacksonian America. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. p. 226. ISBN 0-8090-6547-9.^ Boston Harrison Club. Harrison melodies: Original and selected. Boston: Weeks, Jordan and company, 1840. Google books^ Foner, Eric (March 1998). "The Amistad Case in Fact and Film". Further reading [ edit]Chambers, William Nisbet. "The Election of 1840" in Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. (ed.) History of American Presidential Elections, 1789–1968 (1971) vol 2; analysis plus primary sources Formisano, Ronald P. "The new political history and the election of 1840," Journal of Interdisciplinary History, Spring 1993, Vol. 23 Issue 4, pp. 661–82 in JSTORGunderson, Robert Gray (1957). The Log-Cabin Campaign. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press. Greeley, Horace (1868). Recollections of a Busy Life. Greeley's description of the 1840 election is posted on Wikisource. Holt, Michael F. "The Election of 1840, Voter Mobilization, and the Emergence of the Second American Party System: A Reappraisal of Jacksonian Voting Behavior," in Holt and John Mc Cardell, eds. A Master's Due: Essays in Honor of David Herbert Donald (1986); emphasizes economic factors; See Formisano (1993) for criticism Holt, Michael F. (1999). The Rise and Fall of the American Whig Party: Jacksonian Politics and the Onset of the Civil War. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-505544-6. Shade, William G. "Politics and Parties in Jacksonian America," Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography Vol. 110, No. 4 (Oct. 1986), pp. 483–507 online Zboray, Ronald J., and Mary Saracino Zboray. "Whig Women, Politics, and Culture in the Campaign of 1840: Three Perspectives from Massachusetts," Journal of the Early Republic Vol. 17, No. 2 (Summer, 1997), pp. 277–315in JSTORExternal links [ edit]Wikimedia Commons has media related to United States presidential election, 1840. United States presidential election of 1840 at Encyclopædia Britannica Presidential Election of 1840: A Resource Guide from the Library of Congress"The Campaign of 1840: William Henry Harrison and Tyler, Too" high school level lesson plans and documents"Overview of Whig National Convention of 1839". Our Campaigns.com. Retrieved 12 February 2018.1840 popular vote by counties How close was the 1840 election? — Michael Sheppard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Election of 1840 in Counting the Votes [ show]v t e ( 1836 ←) United States presidential election, 1840 ( 1844 →) [ show]v t e United States presidential elections [ show]v t e State Results of the 1840 U. S. presidential election Categories: History of the United States (1789–1849) United States presidential election, 1840Presidency of William Henry Harrison Martin Van Buren John Tyler

D379420

http://leitesculinaria.com/29272/recipes-bagels.html

Homemade Bagels

Homemade Bagels| 34Mar 21, 2018 posted by LC Editors | photo by Leo Gong Jump to the recipe 646Fresh, delicious homemade bagels are nothing like you’ll get at your local deli or–worse–in the frozen food aisle of your supermarket. Nor are they hard to make. All you need is bread flour, yeast, water, and honey, plus any topping you can imagine. Adapted from Peter Reinhart | Artisan Breads Every Day | Ten Speed Press, 2009Let’s clear something up right away: New York City isn’t the only place in the world to get decent, authentic bagels. The truth is, you can make bagels that are just as good at home, no matter where you live. They’re one of the simplest breads to make, requiring only flour, water, salt, yeast, and malt—and one secret ingredient: time (in the form of long, slow, cold fermentation). Any decent bagel shop knows this and uses an overnight method to stretch out the fermentation process, releasing all sorts of subtle flavors trapped in the flour. While bagel shops often use a type of high-protein flour not available to home cooks to achieve that distinctively chewy texture, regular, unbleached bread flour can also do the trick. The real key is to use a much lower percentage of water than is used for baguettes and other European hearth breads, producing a stiff dough that can stand up to a dunking in boiling water before going into the oven. More than any ingredient or other aspect of the method, this boiling step is what defines the uniqueness of the bagel. That said, bagels do usually feature one other distinctive ingredient: barley malt. While this may seem like an exotic, hard-to-find product, it’s actually commonly available at most supermarkets, usually labeled “ barley malt syrup .” If you can’t find it, simply substitute an equal amount of honey. Your bagels might not have that malty flavor, but they’ll still be better than almost any bagel you can buy. Originally published January 29, 2010. – Peter Reinhart Proof You Can Make Excellent Homemade Bagels!Doubt you can make homemade bagels that look professional and taste better than anything you’ve had before? Doubt not! Reader and home baker Herman Gersten whipped up these beauties. (Honestly, they are so gorgeous, Herman has inspired me to go back and makes these again. )Homemade Bagels Recipe Quick Glance 45 M 12 H Makes 6 to 8 bagels5/5 - 1 reviews Print Recipe Metric Conversion Want it? Click it. Ingredients For the dough1 tablespoon (0.75 oz / 21 g) barley malt syrup, honey, or rice syrup, or 1 teaspoon (0.25 oz / 7 g) diastatic malt powder1 teaspoon (0.11 oz / 3 g) instant yeast1 1/2 teaspoons (0.37 oz / 10.5 g) salt, or 2 1/2 teaspoons coarse kosher salt1 cup plus 2 tablespoons (9 oz / 255 g) lukewarm water (about 95°F or 35°C)3 1/2 cups (16 oz / 454 g) unbleached bread flour For the poaching liquid2 to 3 (64 to 96 oz / 181 to 272 g) water1 1/2 tablespoons (1 oz / 28.5 g) barley malt syrup or honey (optional)1 tablespoon (0.5 oz / 14 g) baking soda1 teaspoon (0.25 oz / 7 g) salt, or 1 1/2 teaspoons coarse kosher salt Directions Day one: make the dough1. Stir the malt syrup, yeast, and salt into the lukewarm water. Place the flour into a mixing bowl and pour in the malt syrup mixture. If using a mixer, use the dough hook and mix on the lowest speed for 3 minutes. If mixing by hand, use a large, sturdy spoon and stir for about 3 minutes, until well blended. The dough should form a stiff, coarse ball, and the flour should be fully hydrated; if it isn’t, stir in a little more water. Let the dough rest for 5 minutes.2. Resume mixing with the dough hook on the lowest speed for another 3 minutes or transfer to a very lightly floured work surface and knead by hand for about 3 minutes to smooth out the dough and develop the gluten. The dough should be stiff yet supple, with a satiny, barely tacky feel. If the dough seems too soft or overly tacky, mix or knead in a little more flour.3. Place the dough in a clean, lightly oiled bowl, cover the bowl tightly with plastic wrap, and let the dough rise at room temperature for 1 hour. Day one: shape the bagels4. When you’re ready to shape the bagels, prepare a sheet pan by lining it with parchment paper or a silicone mat, then misting it with spray oil or lightly coating it with oil. Divide the dough into 6 to 8 equal pieces. (A typical bagel is about 4 ounces or 113 grams before baking, but you can make them smaller. If you make more than 6 bagels, you may need to prepare 2 sheet pans.)5. Form each piece into a loose ball by rolling it on a clean, dry work surface with a cupped hand. (Don’t use any flour on the work surface. If the dough slides around and won’t ball up, wipe the surface with a damp paper towel and try again; the slight bit of moisture will provide enough traction for the dough to form into a ball.)6. There are two methods to shape the balls into bagels: The first method is to poke a hole through the center of the ball to create a donut shape. Holding the dough with both thumbs in the hole, rotate the dough with your hands, gradually stretching it to create a hole about 2 inches in diameter. The second method, preferred by professional bagel makers, is to use both hands (and a fair amount of pressure) to roll the ball into a rope about 8 inches long on a clean, dry work surface. (Again, wipe the surface with a damp towel, if necessary, to create sufficient friction on the work surface.) Taper the rope slightly at each end and moisten the last inch or so of the ends. Place one end of the dough in the palm of your hand and wrap the rope around your hand to complete the circle, going between your thumb and forefinger and then all the way around. The ends should overlap by about 2 inches. Squeeze the overlapping ends together by closing your hand, then press the seam into the work surface, rolling it back and forth a few times to seal. Remove the dough from your hand, squeezing it to even out the thickness if need be and creating a hole of about 2 inches in diameter.7. Place each shaped bagel on the prepared sheet pan, then mist with spray oil or brush with a light coating of oil. Cover the entire pan with plastic wrap and refrigerate overnight or for up to 2 days. (You can also proof the full piece of dough in the oiled bowl overnight and then shape the bagels on baking day, 60 to 90 minutes before boiling and baking them, or as soon as they pass the float test. )Day two (or even three): test the bagels8. Remove the bagels from the refrigerator 60 to 90 minutes before you plan to bake them, and if you plan to top them with dried onion or garlic, rehydrate those ingredients (see the variations below). Immediately check whether the bagels are ready for baking using the “float test”: Place one of the bagels in a small bowl of cold water. If it sinks and doesn’t float back to the surface, shake it off, return it to the pan, and wait for another 15 to 20 minutes, then test it again. When one bagel passes the float test, meaning they rise to the surface, they’re all ready to be boiled. If they pass the float test before you are ready to boil and bake them, return them to the refrigerator so they don’t overproof. About 30 minutes before baking, preheat the oven to 500°F (260°C) and gather and prepare your garnishes (seeds, onions, garlic, and so on). Day two (or even three): poaching the bagels9. Fill a pot with 2 to 3 quarts (64 to 96 ounces) of water, making sure the water is at least 4 inches deep. Cover, bring to a boil, then lower the heat to maintain at a simmer. Stir in the malt syrup, baking soda, and salt.10. Gently lower each bagel into the simmering poaching liquid, adding as many as will comfortably fit in the pot. They should all float to the surface within 15 seconds. After 1 minute, use a slotted spoon to turn each bagel over. Poach for another 30 to 60 seconds, then use the slotted spoon to transfer it back to the pan, domed side up. (It’s important that the parchment paper be lightly oiled, or the paper will glue itself to the dough as the bagels bake.) Sprinkle on a generous amount of whatever toppings you like as soon as the bagels come out of the water (except cinnamon sugar; see the variation below).11. Transfer the pan of bagels to the oven, then lower the oven heat to 450°F (232°C).12. Bake for 8 minutes, then rotate the pan and check the underside of the bagels. If they’re getting too dark, place another pan under the baking sheet. (Doubling the pan will insulate the first baking sheet.) Bake for another 8 to 12 minutes, until the bagels are a golden brown.13. Cool on a wire rack for at least 30 minutes before slicing or serving. Homemade Bagel Variations You can replace any amount of the bread flour with an equal amount of whole-grain flour (by weight), such as wheat or rye. If you do so, increase the water in the dough by 1 tablespoon (0.5 oz / 14 g) for every 2 ounces (56.5 g) of whole-grain flour you substitute. Top your bagels with any combination of the following garnishes: poppy seeds, sesame seeds, coarse salt, or rehydrated dried onions or garlic. (Soak dried onions or garlic in water to cover for at least 1 hour before applying.) The toppings will stick even better if you first brush the top of each bagel with an egg white wash made by whisking 1 egg white with 1 tablespoon (0.5 oz / 14 g) of water. If using coarse salt as a garnish, remember that a little goes a long way. For raisin bagels, mix in 1 1/3 cups (8 oz / 227 g) of raisins during the final 2 minutes of mixing and, if you like cinnamon, stir 1/2 teaspoon (0.14 oz / 4 g) of ground cinnamon into the flour before you start mixing. When the bagels come out of the oven, brush the tops with melted butter and dip the top into a bed of cinnamon sugar to give it a very tasty cinnamon crust. You can make cinnamon sugar by whisking 2 tablespoons (1.6 oz / 44 g) of ground cinnamon into 1/2 cup (4 oz / 113 g) of granulated sugar. Show Nutrition Hungry for more? Chow down on these: Sam the Argentine Baker’s Medium Rye Bread Challah Homemade Bagels Recipe © 2009 Peter Reinhart. Photo © 2009 Leo Gong. All rights reserved. Hey, there. Just a reminder that all our content is copyright protected. Like a photo? Please don't use it without our written permission. Like a recipe? Kindly contact the publisher listed above for permission before you post it (that's what we did) and rewrite it in your own words. That's the law, kids. And don't forget to link back to this page, where you found it. Thanks!Filed Under: baking, breads, breakfast, healthy eating, recipes, vegan, vegetarian, weekend projects®, jewish

D3245406

https://www.myaccountingcourse.com/accounting-dictionary/competitive-advantage

What is a Competitive Advantage?

Definition: A competitive advantage is the unique ability of a firm to utilize its resources effectively, managing to improve customer value and position itself ahead of the competition. In other words, it’s something that a company does better than its competitors because of some proprietary process, service, or brand. What Does Competitive Advantage Mean? What is the definition of competitive advantage? A firm gains a competitive advantage either through lower cost offerings (cost advantage) or through product differentiation (differentiation advantage). The firm exploits its resources, such as brand equity, brand recognition, distribution network or patents and trademarks, to create a cost advantage. The effective utilization of its resources develops the firm’s distinctive competencies, which facilitate innovation, efficiency, and product quality, thus improving customer responsiveness and customer satisfaction. In the same way, a firm that seeks to achieve a competitive advantage targets larger markets, aiming to differentiate its offerings, increase its market share, and strengthen its brand recognition. Let’s look at an example. Example There are several great examples of differentiation comparative advantage, such as Nike, Google, and Honda. All these brands achieve important economies of scale by their strong brand name that increases customer loyalty and customer satisfaction. Nike offers a great variety of sports goods that can satisfy any consumer, and in turn, consumers are willing to pay a premium for the Nike products because they trust the company, and they like its offerings. Thus, through differentiation, Nike gains a competitive edge against other sports goods brands. Google is the number one search engine and the best website for optimization searches that returns the most accurate results in no time. Google has achieved a competitive advantage by offering innovative services, such as Google Search, Gmail, Google Finance, Google Docs, and more, maintains an incredibly powerful infrastructure and occupies 70% of the Internet market. Honda capitalizes on its strong brand reputation to offer reliable vehicles, which consistently rank very high in terms of fuel efficiency, value for money, and quality. In addition, Honda is one of the first car companies to release a hybrid vehicle and continues to be a leader in the field. Therefore, in the real business world, firms gain a competitive edge by capitalizing on their know-how, technological infrastructure, the cost of production, and overall resources to be able to offer customer value and high-quality products. Summary Definition Define Competitive Advantage: A competitive advantage is when a company is able to out perform its competitors by running its operations more efficiently, making better, less expensive products, and becoming more appealing to consumers. Search All Accounting Terms: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T UV W X Y ZContents [ hide]1 What Does Competitive Advantage Mean?2 Example3 Summary Definition3.0.1 Search All Accounting Terms:

D2357355

https://www.ifa.com/12steps/step4/missing_the_best_and_worst_days

Missing the Best and Worst Days

Missing the Best and Worst Days Almost all big stock market gains and drops are concentrated in just a few trading days each year. Missing only a few days can have a dramatic impact on returns. Figure 4-2 illustrates how an investor who hypothetically remained invested in the S&P 500 Index throughout the 20-year period from 1994 to 2013 (5,037 trading days) would have earned a sizable 9.22% annualized return, growing a $10,000 investment to $58,352. When the five best-performing days in that time period were missed, the annualized return shrank to 7.00%, with $10,000 growing to $38,710, and if an investor missed the 20 days with the largest gains, the returns were cut down to just 3.02%. If the 40 best-performing days were missed, an investment in the S&P 500 turned negative, with $10,000 eroding in value to just $8,149, a loss of $1,851. Figure 4-2 (permalink)Many market timers want to miss the worst-performing days, an even bigger issue than the problem of missing the best days. The predicament, however, is that the worst days are equally concentrated and just as difficult to identify in advance as the best days. If someone could have avoided the worst days, they would have obtained true guru status. Figure 4-3 illustrates the value of missing the worst-performing days in the 20-year period from 1994 to 2013. If the 40 worst-performing days of the S&P 500 Index were missed, an investor's increased return would have been 893% more than investors who stayed in the market every day throughout the entire 20 years. The problem, however, is finding the crystal ball that can forecast the 40 worst performing days out of 5,037 days. This shows how market timing can be tempting and alluring. Figure 4-3 (permalink)University of Michigan Professor H. Nejat Seyhun analyzed 7,802 trading days for the 31 years from 1963 to 1993 and concluded that just 90 days generated 95% of all the years' market gains — an average of just three days per year. 1The expected return of the market is essentially constant and positive. Therefore, investors who are out of the market for any period of time can expect to lose money relative to a simple and low-cost buy-and-hold strategy.-1 H. Nejat Seyhun, University of Michigan, "Stock Market Extremes and Portfolio Performance," commissioned by Towneley Capital Management, 1994Next: Goddess Fortuna Step 4 Fisher Black H. Nejat Seyhun Market Timing

D302563

http://www.tsmplug.com/nfl/highest-paid-wide-receivers-nfl/

Highest Paid Wide Receivers In The NFL

Highest Paid Wide Receivers In The NFLby Michael Drahota | Posted on Saturday, August 30th, 2014 | 0 Comments With quarterback and wide receiver statistics ballooning every season, the NFL is now more of a passing league than ever. Top-level wide receivers draw the gameplan of defensive coordinators each week, making them some of the most integral pieces of any given team’s attack. Not surprisingly, that leads to some absolutely massive paydays for elite talents. However, similar to the list of the NFL’s highest paid quarterbacks, the best aren’t always paid the most. Here are the top five earning wide receivers in the NFL according to Sportrac.com:1.) Mike Wallace, Miami Dolphins – $15 million: After starting his career in Pittsburgh, Wallace turned his early success into an absolutely huge contract with the Miami Dolphins before the 2013 season. He failed to live up to his promise in a big way, recording only 73 catches for 930 yards and five touchdowns. He’s still reportedly not on the same page as Dolphins quarterback Ryan Tannehill, making him an overpriced commodity that’s going to have to regain his old form if he wants to be labeled as anything other than a gigantic bust in Miami.2.) Percy Harvin, Seattle Seahawks – $11 million Harvin has the speed and skills to change the momentum of any game he participates in. He proved that by returning the opening kickoff of last year’s Super Bowl for a touchdown. The Seahawks signed him away from the Minnesota Vikings prior to last year, but as has been the knock on Harvin, he just can’t stay healthy. He’s missed 22 of his team’s last 25 regular season games, making him an extremely high risk/high reward type of player who will break out if he only stays healthy. At $11 million per season, that’s quite the gamble, but the Seahawks have all the other pieces in place.3.) Andre Johnson, Houston Texans – $10 million Ageless wonder Johnson continues to put up big numbers in Houston despite questionable quarterback play, recording 109 catches for 1,430 yards and five touchdowns last year. Having never scored double-digit touchdowns, Johnson isn’t the red zone threat that other receivers are, but he’s no doubt consistent when healthy. He made a scene by holding out for a trade in the offseason, but it was clear that the Texans would not acquiesce due to his huge salary that most teams would not even consider paying. He’s back in camp and ready to play for the time being, and his talent lives up to his high price tag. If Texans quarterback Ryan Fitzpatrick can put together a decent season, Johnson will blow up yet again.4.) Vincent Jackson, Tampa Bay Buccaneers – $10 million: Nine-year veteran Jackson has looked very solid in his two years in Tampa Bay. He caught 78 passes for 1,224 yards and seven scores last year, and he now has touted 6’5” rookie wideout Mike Evans on the other side of the field. Jackson’s propensity for big plays makes him another boom or bust type of receiver, but he can take over a game if given the chance to. He may be beginning to get up there in years, but he’s still the lead dog in Tampa Bay. With new quarterback Josh Mc Cown now at the helm for the Bucs, expect Jackson to put up big numbers once again.5.) Dwayne Bowe, Kansas City Chiefs – $8.75 million: With only 57 receptions for 673 yards in 2013, Bowe continues to slide into irrelevancy with his declining stats. He’s also an off the field risk as well, as he’ll sit out the Chiefs’ first game after being suspended for a marijuana arrest last November. He has the skills, size, and ability to be one of the most dangerous receivers in the league, but at this point, he’s hardly living up to his status as one of the top five earning receivers. Chiefs quarterback Alex Smith’s game-managing style may hold back Bowe’s deep ball ability, but his questionable motivation and work ethic probably does as well. At this point in time, the Chiefs simply aren’t getting what they paid for in their “star” receiver, but at least he doesn’t make as much as Wallace.

D320756

https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/brake-shoe

Definition of 'brake shoe'

Definition of 'brake shoe'English: brake shoe American: brake shoe Specialist English: brake shoe Trendsbrake shoein Britishnoun1. the curved metal casting to which the brake lining is riveted in a drum brake2. the curved metal casting together with the attached brake lining Sometimes shortened to: shoe Collins English Dictionary. Copyright © Harper Collins Publishersbrake shoein American USa block or plate curved to fit the shape of a wheel or drum and forced against it to act as a brake Webster’s New World College Dictionary, 4th Edition. Copyright © 2010 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved.brake shoein Automotive Engineering ( br eɪ k ʃu)Word forms: (regular plural) brake shoesnoun ( Automotive engineering: Vehicle components, Brakes, steering, wheels, tires, and suspension)The brake shoe is the part of a drum brake to which the friction lining is attached. The brake lining gradually wears away as the brake shoe assembly is used to brake a vehicle. The brake pad is connected to a pad mounting surface of the brake shoe. Inspect the inner surface of the brake drum, looking for damage caused by the brake shoes.brake, brake Collins English Dictionary. Copyright © Harper Collins Publishers Trends of 'brake shoe'Used Rarely. brake shoe is in the lower 50% of commonly used words in the Collins dictionary View usage for: Years Frequency:1897 0.01189818991900 019011902 01903 01904 01905 01906 01907 01908190919101911 01912 019131914 0.01191519161917 0.02191819191920 0.021921 0.011922 0.031923 0.011924 01925 01926 0.011927 019281929 01930 0.0119311932 0.011933 0.0119341935 01936 0.011937 0.021938 0.0119391940 0.011941 0.011942 0.011943194419451946 01947 01948 0.021949 0.011950 0.021951 0.021952 0.031953 01954 0.011955 01956 0.011957 0.021958 01959 0.011960 0.0119611962 0.011963 0.021964 01965 0.031966 0.011967 01968 0.011969 0.0119701971 0.011972 01973 0.0119741975 01976 01977 0197819791980 0.011981 0.011982 0.011983 0.011984 0.011985 0.011986 019871988 01989 0.021990 0.011991 0.011992 01993 01994 01995 01996 0.011997 0.011998 0.011999 0.022000 0.012001 0.012002 02003 02004 0.012005 02006 02007 02008 0Nearby words of 'brake shoe'brake parachutebrake pedalbrake servobrake shoebrake vanbrake-fadebrakeage All ENGLISH words that begin with 'B'Source Definition of brake shoe from the Collins English Dictionary

D1846815

https://www.alternativeairlines.com/royal-jordanian-airlines

Search and Buy Royal Jordanian Airlines Flights

Search and Buy Royal Jordanian Airlines Flights Return/Roundtrip One way Multi-city From To Depart Return Cabin Class & Travellers1 Adult, Economy/Coach Search flights Buy Royal Jordanian Airlines Flights Search and Buy Royal Jordanian Airlines Flights Online with Alternative Airlines Make a Royal Jordanian Airlines reservation and find some amazing deals with discounted Royal Jordanian Airlines at Alternative Airlines About Royal Jordanian Airlines is the flag carrier airline of Jordan and operates from its hub airport at Queen Alia International Airport in Amman, Jordan. Royal Jordanian Airlines flies to many destinations including Abu Dhabi, Accra, Aden, Bahrain, Basra, Belgrade, Berlin, Beirut, Brussels, Jakarta, Khartoum, Kuala Lumpur, Zurich, Vienna, Tunis, Tel Aviv, Tabuk and many others. Royal Jordanian Airlines is a member of the Oneworld global airline alliance. It has codeshare agreements with many airlines including Gulf Air, Syrian Air, TAROM, Meridiana Fly, Oman Air, Middle East Airlines and Turkish Airlines. Royal Jordanian Airlines' fleet comprises of Boeing 787s, Airbus A330s, A321s, A320s, A319s, Embraer 195s and Embraer 175s. Royal Jordanian Airlines offers Crown Class where passengers can enjoy Premier Check-In area at Queen Alia International Aiport and the fully equipped Crown Lounge at the Airport. The Airbus A340 is equipped with sleeper seats that recline to a flat, 180 degree position. Baggage Crown Class passengers are allowed 2 pieces of carry-on baggage in the cabin and 2 pieces of checked baggage of up to 32 kg. Economy Class passengers are allowed one piece of carry-on baggage whereby weight shall not exceed 7kg and the sum of the maximum dimensions shall not exceed 115cm. They are also allowed 2 pieces of baggage of up to 23 kg. Frequent Flyer Program Royal Jordanian Airlines operates a frequent flyer program called Royal Plus whereby travellers are rewarded for regular traveller. Members' rewards include check-in at Business Class Counter, Access to all Royal Jordanian lounges, priorty in waitlist, a gift package, priority in upgrades and extra baggage allowance. The four tiers in the Royal Plus Program are Royal Plus Blue, Silver, Gold and Platinum. News8th March 2018Royal Jordanian Invites People to Choose a Name for its Frequent Flyer Programme Royal Jordanian has invited its Jordanian fans, customers and frequent flyers to take part in renaming the airline’s loyalty program, by submitting their suggestions through RJ’s social media channels. The carrier says rebranding the name comes in line with its business plan to restructure and strengthen the programme’s offerings. RJ says the name should follow certain criteria: a one- or two-word name that should work in both Arabic and English and reflect pride; it should relate to Royal Jordanian and flying. The tone should be premium and elegant, yet the name itself should be catchy and easy to read and pronounce.4th December 2017Royal Jordanian turnaround plan, with new Washington DC route, would be subject to US anti-Gulf tax Royal Jordanian is once again in turnaround mode. Having been battered by the global financial crisis, Arab Spring and regional instability, RJ's mid-decade stability was short lived as currency swings and overexpansion in Asia returned it to a loss. New CEO Stefan Pichler has a five year management plan to reduce unit costs by 6%, while growing unit revenue 7%. RJ will consolidate its narrowbody fleet, likely removing its Embraer E-jets and growing the number of Airbus narrowbodies. RJ's widebody fleet of 787s – already reduced from its initial order – may be capped. There is significant underutilisation of the 787 fleet, which means that RJ would be enabled to achieve its objective of opening Washington DC service within five years. However, Royal Jordanian's US network would be subject to a proposed tax provision from the US that targets Gulf superconnector airlines. RJ, a member of American Airlines' antitrust immunity joint venture, appears to become a casualty if the bill passes into law. Other network developments include RJ's plan to convert Copenhagen and Stockholm charters to scheduled service while developing a secondary hub at Aqaba, Jordan's gateway to Red Sea tourism. Mr Pichler is RJ's latest executive out to prove Royal Jordanian has a sustainable market niche in the Levant, despite strong growth from superconnectors in the Arabian Gulf.15th November 2017Royal Jordanian Airlines Selects Boeing To Provide 787 Flight Training Boeing (BA) and Royal Jordanian Airlines announced at the 2017 Dubai Air Show the carrier has selected Boeing to provide its 787 flight training. Under the five-year strategic agreement, Boeing will provide Royal Jordanian with a comprehensive training solution, including pilot type-rating and recurrent training at its London Gatwick training campus. Over the next 20 years, Boeing projects a global demand for more than 1.2 million pilots and technicians with more than ten percent of that driven by the Middle East.14th September 2017Royal Jordanian Announces New Meals for Short, Medium Flights Royal Jordanian will offer a new selection of snack meals to economy class passengers on all short- and medium flights, starting from September 15. RJ President/CEO Stefan Pichler said the move is in keeping with the prevalent tendency in the global air transport industry regarding onboard food offerings.“We have reworked and enhanced our onboard food concept,” he said, adding that Royal Jordanian would offer high-quality snack meals to its guests, in cooperation with dnata Catering Jordan, whose professional chefs are known for their proficiency in preparing food menus for international airlines operating at Queen Alia International Airport. Snacks that will be offered on flights to and from all medium- and short- haul destinations will consist of a variety of cheeses, cold meats, entrees and Arabic desserts, as well as mineral water and juices. These food and beverage offerings will cater to the varied tastes and desires of RJ customers, which count multiple nationalities. Pichler pointed out that Royal Jordanian will continue offering a new selection of hot meals and special, high-end catering services for its guests in the Crown Class on all medium and long-haul flights, as well as to all Economy Class passengers flying to and from its destinations in the US, Canada, the Far East and London. Pichler called on RJ customers to give the company their feedback — views and suggestions — regarding serving cold snack meals and stressed that the company is keen on hearing customers’ opinions and will follow them as much as possible, according to the global standards followed in this regard. March 2016Royal Jordanian Airlines started operating its new regular route to Guangzhou with three weekly flights. Guangzhou is RJ's second Chinese destination and the fifth in the Middle East. The others are Hong Kong, Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur and Jakarta. November 2016Royal Jordanian announces it was to stop two of its Asia-Pacific services - to Guangzhou and Jakarta as due to financial reasons The cancellation of these operations effectively ceases the airline’s services to mainland China and Indonesia. Royal Jordanian currently operates a three-times-weekly Amman-Bangkok-Guangzhou service and a three-times-weekly Amman-Kuala Lumpur-Jakarta service. Following the closing of the two services, the carrier will still operate flights to three destinations in Asia-Pacific: Kuala Lumpur, Bangkok and Hong Kong. In November 2016, Royal Jordanian took delivery of its latest - sixth - Boeing 787 Dreamliner. This aircraft and a seventh B787, expected to join the RJ fleet at the beginning of next year, are being operated on a capital lease. The other five Dreamliners are being operated on an operational lease. The B787s are replacing Airbus A340s and A330s the carrier previously operated; five of these aircraft types were phased out two years ago and another two A330s are expected to be retired from the RJ fleet in the near future. In March 2017, Royal Jordanian Airlines announced it had banned any electronic or electrical devices on board flights to or from the United States. Route Map Popular Routes Amman Riyadh Tabuk Amman Vienna Amman Amman Tunis Paris Amman Amman Munich The Fleet Airbus A319-100Boeing 787-8Airbus A320-200Embraer ERJ-175Airbus A330-200Embraer ERJ-195Queen Alia Airport, Amman HUB Airport Queen Alia International Airport is the main airport for Amman, Jordan and is the hub airport for Royal Jordanian Airlines, Jordan Aviation, Royal Falcon and Royal Wings. Other airlines which fly to and from this airport include Gulf Air, Iraqi Airways, flydubai, Etihad Airways, Alitalia, Air Arabia Jordan, Air Arabia Egypt and many others. Oneworld Oneworld alliance is a leading global airline network, with 15 member airlines. Oneworld alliance was founded and now consists of member airline such as Cathay Pacific, Finnair, LAN, TAM, Malaysia, Qantas, Qatar, Sri Lankan Airlines, Iberia, British Airways, American Airlines and many others. Oneworld alliance covers more than a thousand destinations in 155 countries. Alternative Airlines Book Flights with Royal Jordanian Airlines Make an Royal Jordanian Airlines reservation and find some amazing deals with discounted Royal Jordanian Airlines tickets at Alternative Airlines. Royal Jordanian Airlines flies to many destinations worldwide, offering a cost effective and safe service to all its passengers. Let Alternative Airlines help find you cheap Royal Jordanian Airlines tickets and make international and domestic flight reservations on Royal Jordanian Airlines today. Browse the most popular Royal Jordanian Airlines flight routes to cities worldwide. Alternative Airlines can help you make reservations on Royal Jordanian Airlines for international flights to lots of destinations. Use the following list of routes to help you plan your next flight. Book Royal Jordanian Airlines flights on Alternative Airlines to save big! Alternative Airlines is an online travel agency, specialising in booking lesser known airlines and remote destinations. Alternative Airlines is an Online Travel Agency bonded by the International Air Transport Association (IATA). We specialise in finding the best available fares on the widest range of airlines and making them available to you online, with prices in the currency of your choice. Alternative Airlines handles all your travel arrangements and payments, complete with ticketed confirmation. We do not direct you to other websites or service providers. We help you through the process. This is what makes us Alternative Airlines. Browse for flights, find some amazing deals, make a reservation and pay in the currency of your choice today with Alternative Airlines. Let Alternative Airlines help find you the best prices and make international and domestic flight reservations with us today. Join the Alternative Airlines Members Club and get £100.00 back on your 5 th booking with Alternative Airlines. You will have insight to many benefits and exclusive deals on over 650 airlines. Click on the Members section on the Alternative Airlines website for more information and join today. We are open every day from 8am until 8pm (UK local time). Find Out More Latest News: READ MORE ABOUT ROYAL JORDANIAN AIRLINESHow to pay You can pay for your flights with Royal Jordanian Airlines in the currency and payment method of your choice when booking through Alternative Airlines. We accept Pay Pal making flight purchases with Royal Jordanian Airlines easy and more secure for customers. Pay Pal is one of the leading forms of online payment, with more than 169 million accounts worldwide. How to pay with Pay Pal

D519418

https://flexiblelearning.auckland.ac.nz/rocks_minerals/rocks/sedimentary.html

Sedimentary rocks

Sedimentary rocks Sedimentary rocks are the product of the erosion of existing rocks. Eroded material accumulates as sediment, either in the sea or on land, and is then buried, compacted and cemented to produce sedimentary rock (a process known as diagenesis ). There are two major groupings of sedimentary rocks: Clastic sedimentary rocks The fragments of pre-existing rocks or minerals that make up a sedimentary rock are called clasts. Sedimentary rocks made up of clasts are called clastic ( clastic indicates that particles have been broken and transported). Clastic sedimentary rocks are primarily classified on the size of their clasts. Clast size in clastic rocks Name Grade Size range (mm) Comments Boulder > 200 Clasts should be identifiable. Gravel Very coarse 60 – 200Coarse 20 – 60Medium 6 – 20Fine 2 – 6Sand Coarse 0.6 – 2 Clasts visible to the naked eye. Grains often identifiable. Medium 0.2 – 0.6Fine 0.06 – 0.2Mud < 0.002 – 0.06 Clasts not visible to the naked eye. Feels smooth. Clast shape, or the degree of rounding of clasts, is important in differentiating some sedimentary rocks. Clasts vary in shape from rounded to angular, depending on the distance they have been transported and / or the environment of deposition, e.g. rounded clasts are generally the product of long transportation distances and / or deposition in high energy environments (beaches, rivers). Clasts in sandstone The degree of sorting of clasts can be an important indicator of depositional environment. In water, larger clasts are generally not transported great distances, and they settle faster. For example, in a mixture of mud and sand being transported in a river to the sea, the sand (larger clast size, heavier) would begin to deposit as soon as the river's energy dissipated, while the mud (fine, light-weight) would be transported far off shore. Therefore, a well sorted ( clasts of approximately the same size), coarse sandstone indicates deposition in a reasonably high energy environment (near-shore) probably close to the source of the sand. Conversely, a mudstone generally indicates deep water deposition (low energy environment, far off shore). Structures produced during deposition, e.g. bedding and cross-bedding, can give clues as to depositional environment. So can structures produced by re-working by tidal or storm-generated currents, e.g. ripple marks, rip-up clasts. Non-clastic sedimentary rocks These sedimentary rocks occur when minerals / mineraloids are precipitated directly from water, or are concentrated by organic matter / life. Components have not been transported prior to deposition. No clasts are present.

D2773520

http://www.suboxforum.com/dose-once-dose-twice-t8203.html

To Dose Once, or to Dose Twice?

Sat Mar 02, 2013 2:39 am Firstly welcome to the forum. You'll find that if you have any questions, there are people here who've probably gone through exactly the same thing you are. I'm an ex-IV heroin and cocaine addict who started pretty young - 17 years old. It's a really nasty addiction, and it's fantastic you've found your way onto a program. I also did Subutex treatment quite young, and I really do believe that the most important thing is to make treatment as comfortable and accommodating as possible. I have a very fast metabolism and dose twice a day. Like you, dosing twice a day means I don't need a much higher dose to hold me over the 24 hours. I can have 4-6mg twice a day instead of 18+mg once a day. The main benefit of the split dosing is less side-effects. Less foggyness, less headaches, less sexual blahness. Downside of twice a day dosing is you gotta have that gunk in your mouth twice a day instead of once. After a while that can get to you. It sounds like you have an intuitivate grasp of what's going on with your body which is great. But it's hard if your doc doesn't want to play ball. But what he doesn't know .... ??? Sat Mar 02, 2013 2:43 am This is true. Next time I see him is Tuesday and I should be getting take homes. Thanks a lot Tee Jay, all of your advice has helped. Sat Mar 02, 2013 3:09 am I am supposed to be taking 16mg a day but I am on 8mg a day. What I do and it seems to work well for me and the DOC said that its up to me how I take it, but I do 2mg doses every six hours. If I take a dose of the morning, which usually allows me to get back to sleep after my husband leaves for work I am fine until about 1 in the afternoon. Then I take another dose, and another one at 7 in the evening. Some days I might just take it twice a day but during those monthly times, us women know what that is I do small doses in a analgesic method to take care of the crampies. I have horrid cramps, so that helps ALOT. Its the worst time of the month for me and it gets me to the point to where I am curled up in my chair moaning. Hubby says that I should have something done but having another surgery is not my cup of tea right now. I think if the dosing for you is better to do it twice a day because you start feeling yucky in the evening, that is fine. My doc said that he has patients that take it once a day and he has patients that break it up during the day in small doses. He said whatever makes you comfortable is the best thing for you to do. He is the type of doctor that basically just wants the patients to be comfortable and not have stresses. I told him at my last appointment if he wanted me to be stress free to write me Subutex LOL. Oh boy cant wait for pharmacies to start getting the new generics gonna make some phone calls tomorrow. Have a good evening fellars Sat Mar 02, 2013 7:25 am Oh hey one more thing. Are you on any medications other than Suboxone? Some medication can speed up metabolism of Sub in some people. Also you mentioned take-homes. Does this mean you get dispensed your dose daily from the pharmacy like in some countries (Australia / UK)? I get 5 x take-aways per week, and have to go to the pharmacy at least twice a week to pickup my doses. Fortunately my doctor seems more understanding than yours and prescribes me split-doses, so I go to the pharmacy to take my morning dose, and am given the PM dose as a take-home. Sat Mar 02, 2013 9:50 pm I do exactly what pitbullmomma does Wed Mar 06, 2013 4:09 am Def try the split dose, specially in the first month or two. Then when you get used to it start thinking about one dose daily. 18mg single dose is hilarious, do you have Dr. Greg House?lol.. Thats way too much, your receptors are max out at 8-10mgs. The rest is just a waste. You could take 70mg and have same effect. Once you hit the ceiling and max your receptors with bup thats all you get. They made suboxone this way to prevent build up effect and abuse so your "doctor" should know that. Most docs dont know anything about subs so best if you do alot of research. Wed Mar 06, 2013 4:54 am Rick Balls wrote: Def try the split dose, specially in the first month or two. Then when you get used to it start thinking about one dose daily. 18mg single dose is hilarious, do you have Dr. Greg House?lol.. Thats way too much, your receptors are max out at 8-10mgs. The rest is just a waste. You could take 70mg and have same effect. Once you hit the ceiling and max your receptors with bup thats all you get. They made suboxone this way to prevent build up effect and abuse so your "doctor" should know that. Most docs dont know anything about subs so best if you do alot of research. That's not really true. The reason some people need to take up to 32mg is so their receptors stay maxed out over 24 hours. 10mg may max out receptors for a full day for some people, but OP is a rapid metaboliser of Sub, so may be finding their plasma levels of Sub drop below ceiling level within a few hours of dosing. Buprenorphine has a variable half life of 20 - 70 hours. It's varies so much because people metabolise sub at different rates. A person with a rapid metabolism will need over 3x the dose of a slow metaboliser to keep their levels over the ceiling for the same amount of time. Some people with crazy metabolisms may need a 32mg dose to sustain blood levels over the ceiling for 24 hours. Wed Mar 06, 2013 4:15 pm That sounds good on paper but I have enormously fast metabalism and could testify against this theory. The best part of suboxone in my experience has been the long lasting effects. Not having to watch the clock anymore or worry to much about rapid wear off effect. From my own research have found that when your receptors are full that is it. Anything more will be excreted or wasted. Your body doesnt store extra bup for latter. Some people get used to taking large doses and mentally cant lower it but in reality they are wasting alot of meds. My tollerence and metabolism of opiates is scary high. They used to give me enough pain meds in one day that would last normal person a month. Still was not working for me at all. I was questioning if they even gave me real meds because didnt feel anything off of a 500mg dose. Thats why I started subs because there was no med left to give me. Completely max out on all opiates with no effect. Everyone has diff experience but some doctors go crazy with the milligrams on subs. I think they try to get new patients deeply hooked on subs with high doses. Maybe they think your a possible relapse case or just trying to milk your insurance. Mon Apr 01, 2013 11:44 am I find that dosing twice daily works well for me but to each his own. I've tried once daily in the morning but in the afternoon I start feeling bad although that maybe in my head. Re: To Dose Once, or to Dose Twice? Mon Aug 18, 2014 1:43 pm I'm very education on nutrition and drugs. I quit methadone on 90mg cold turkey and never got sick. I wanted to switch to Suboxone because I could not deal with the line every weekend and the people telling war stories. So 14 days clean I started on Suboxone. Not one time did I feel anything but that I was cold. I NEVER GOT SICK Okay. So let me tell you my experience and opinion. Im not a Dr or a Scientists. Well at least not with a licence lol. Okay so For one half life means if you are on lets say 100mg of anything that has a 24 hour half life. At 24 hours you still have 50mg in your receptors. Your metabolism does not effect this much period. That is bullshit you heard and believed in the methadone line. Nonsense! Know the reason you might feel withdrawal symptoms is because your body needs more than 50mg to feel ok. On your first day. Now on day two you take another 100mg. Now you're receptors have 150mg working in them. So now you feel great. So this 100 to 150mg range is what feels best for you. So taking that 100mg in two doses the first day isn't going to tell you shit. Now let's say you been on for a few days and you decide to try splitting up your dose. Day one 100mg you add 100mg but 50mg of day one is gone. Its not going to matter much if you take 50mg then eight hours later take another 50mg or if you take all 100mg at once. Because you're receptors have a constant 100-150mg maybe more because Its compounding and you feel good at 100mg. You might feel a little different but not enough to be thinking about it so much. Either that or your just week minded. This is why when most people stop lets say methadone. The first day isn't to bad. The second day you start feeling it. But then the third day your in hell. Because although it has 24hr half life it takes well over that for it to actually come out of your receptors. Everyone is different yes. Some arent as healthy as others. Some have strong minds or willed some are weak. Some Fat some skinny. It doesn't mean shit. Where all drug addicts period. The half life and compounding is much more technical than I can explain so I hope this makes some sense of it all. Stay Blessed not a mess! And remember everything is easier with God the Holy Spirit and his Son. Re: To Dose Once, or to Dose Twice? Tue Aug 19, 2014 1:02 am I know that this is well over a year ago since this conversation started but someone will read this in search of help and I just wanted to recap about what I wrote. And also back it up with proof because in the world of addiction and trying to get clean my opinion.. Is that Facts always out Smack.. So here it is.. On 8/1/14 at 8am I took my last dose of methadone at 90mg. 14 days later with zero withdrawals I walked into my Suboxone Dr. Office. At noon and after a full examination she gave me half of a 8mg pill. A hour later I was feeling great and whent home. As directed six hours later I took the other half. Now here is where I stopped doing exactly as directed. The only reason I did this is to prove what I know about nutrition and drugs to be true. suboxone has a 24h half life and that means at 12h it should have already started to slowly drop in my receptor cites. Now the original question was should you split up your dose I believe. Now Saturday at noon I took 4mg and eight hours later i took another half. My dr only wated me to take 8mg on day one and 4mg Four times a day after that. I am still doing so but only the first two days and this is to get it built up in my receptors. Then on Monday at Six am I took both 8mg pills back to back. This was to provide you with proof that you don't need to split up your dose. And if you're still wanting to get a slight buzz. Wich is what happened to me and I honestly am way past the wanting to get high days. I never felt any withdrawal symptoms and I am ready to go to bed and wake up at six am take my medicine and start working on my life again. I had to leave my job just so I could quite methadone and make the transition to suboxone because although I didn't have any withdrawal symptoms I was lacking energy and depression started to set in. This life is not easy and most of the time we are our own worst enemy. You can call me a drug addict looser or whatever you want. But in the end you will see that I'm a Soldier in a Spiritual battle who is winning his war so keep on judging me and in the end we will also see who you bee... Stay blessed and if anyone needs help please don't be afraid to ask... STAYSTRONG!! !Jump to: Powered by php BB © php BB Group. Website designed by Nevdo . 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D1052402

https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/pink-eye-conjunctivitis-parents-quick-guide

Quick Home Remedies for Pink Eye

Quick Home Remedies for Pink Eye Leer en Español: Remedios caseros rápidos para el ojo rojo Written By: Dan Gudgel Reviewed By: William Barry Lee MDSep. 22, 2017Whether you can take care of pink eye (also known as conjunctivitis) at home depends on what kind of pink eye you have and how bad it is. Most pink eye will go away on its own in a week or two. If one or both of your eyes are red and uncomfortable, first see if you can tell whether it’s allergic pink eye, viral pink eye or bacterial pink eye. Sometimes it’s easy to figure out what kind of pink eye you have and other times only a doctor can tell what’s causing the problem. You should see your ophthalmologist right away if: You’re in pain or are having trouble seeing You become sensitive to light Your symptoms have continued for a week or more, or are getting worse Your eye is producing a lot of pus or mucus You have any other symptoms of an infection, like fever or achiness Pink eye is a common cause of school absences and can spread quickly in schools. Make sure your kids know how to keep from getting pink eye and other infections. What You Can Do at Home for Pink Eye If you wear contact lenses, you should stop wearing them while you have pink eye. Make sure to clean your contacts thoroughly before you do start to wear them again. Better yet, get new contacts. You should also stop wearing eye makeup while you have an infection. Throw out your old eye makeup and get new makeup once your eyes are healthy. Bacterial and Viral Pink Eye Home Remedies Viral pink eye is like a common cold. There is no treatment for the virus and usually you just have to let it run its course. Viral pink eye should go away within a week or two on its own. Bacterial pink eye usually produces more mucus or pus than viral or allergic pink eye. Bacterial pink eye can be treated with antibiotics prescribed by a doctor. To reduce the symptoms of bacterial or viral pink eye you can: Put a warm, damp washcloth over your eyes for a few minutes To make a warm compress, soak a clean, lint-free washcloth in water then wring it out so it’s not dripping. Use a clean washcloth each time so you don’t spread the infection. If you have infectious pink eye in both eyes, use a different washcloth for each eye. Take ibuprofen or another over-the-counter pain killer Use over-the-counter lubricating eyedrops (artificial tears)If your eyelids are sticking together, a warm washcloth can loosen the dried mucus so you can open your eyes. Allergic Pink Eye Home Remedies If your conjunctivitis is caused by allergies, stopping the source of the allergy is important. The irritation will continue as long as you’re in contact with whatever is causing it. Allergic pink eye is not contagious. You can still go to work or school with allergic pink eye and no one else will catch it. To reduce the symptoms of allergic pink eye you can: Take allergy medication or use allergy eye drops Put a cool, damp washcloth over your eyes for a few minutes Use over-the-counter lubricating eyedrops (artificial tears)What Not to Do If You Have Pink Eye Whatever kind of pink eye you have, don’t use red-reducing eye drops, like Visine. These kinds of eye drops may be very uncomfortable if you have an infection. They also could make your symptoms worse. Viral and bacterial pink eye can spread very easily – as easily as the common cold. If you have an infection in just one eye, be careful not to spread it to the other eye. Basic hygiene is enough to keep from spreading the infection to other people or your other eye. Change pillowcases and sheets every day Use a fresh towel every day Wash your hands often, especially after you touch your eyes Don’t wear your contact lenses until your eyes are back to normal Don’t share anything that touches your eyes There is lots of bad advice about pink eye on the internet. Never put anything in your eye that isn’t approved by a doctor. Foods and herbal extracts are not sterile and can make things much worse.

D3250358

http://eyes.emedtv.com/lutein/does-lutein-work-p2.html

Does Lutein Work?

Eyes Channel Topics Blepharitis Cataract Surgery Cataracts Detached Retina Dry Eyes Eye Exam LASIKMacular Hole Macular Pucker Vitrectomy Medications Alcaftadine Alphagan PBetoptic Bimatoprost Brimonidine Brimonidine/Timolol Brinzolamide Bromday Ciloxan Dorzolamide Dorzolamide/Timolol Iquix Ketotifen Latanoprost Levobunolol Levofloxacin Ophthalmic Solution Lotemax Lutein Maxidex Metipranolol Mitomycin Ophthalmic Moxeza Ocufen Ocuflox Ocupress Ozurdex Pegaptanib Prolensa Ranibizumab Restasis Tafluprost Timolol Tobradex Travoprost Unoprostone Ophthalmic Solution Vitamin AVoltaren Ophthalmic Zymar Zymaxid Advertisement Quicklinks Cataracts Cataract Surgery Blepharitis Detached Retina Detached Retina Surgery Macular Hole Vitrectomy Macular Pucker Dry Eye Relief LASIKLASIK Complications Vitamin ALutein Tobradex Restasis Related Channels Macular Degeneration Glaucoma Diabetes Senior Health Advertisement Tweet Eyes Home > Does Lutein Work? Does Lutein Work? Interested in a Discount on Lutein? Our free Discount Rx savings card can help you and your family save money on your prescriptions. This card is accepted at all major chain pharmacies, nationwide. Enter your name and email address to receive your free savings card. Enter Your Name Enter Your Email Address CLICK HERE to learn more about from e Med TV.com Is Lutein an Effective Treatment for Diabetes or Heart Disease? Early research suggests that lutein probably does not reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes or heart disease. However, more research is necessary to confirm such findings. Does Lutein Work for Cancer? There is some early research suggesting that lutein might be beneficial for preventing breast cancer and cervical cancer. However, there is not enough information to suggest that lutein really does work (or does not work) for these uses. Much more research is needed in this area. Is Lutein Effective for Skin Health? Lutein skin creams and serums have been wildly popular as ways to reverse skin aging, such as wrinkles. There is some evidence that such products may actually improve the appearance of wrinkles or other signs of skin aging. Final Thoughts on the Effectiveness of Lutein Lutein may be effective for several uses, but more research is needed before it can be recommended for most of them. Many people take the product thinking that it can't hurt (and it might help). Although supplementation is usually safe for most people, high doses can cause side effects, and it is a good idea to check with your healthcare provider before taking high-dose lutein supplementation.e Med TV's free Health Savvy service can help you stay up-to-date on this topic. Sign up for Health Savvy now.< Go Back to Does Lutein Work?, Page 1<< Prev 1 2Advertisement7 Tricks to Relieve Your Enlarged Prostate Lutein Supplement Information Lutein Lutein Side Effects Does Lutein Work? Lutein Dosage Lutein Drug Interactions Is Lutein Safe? Lutein Benefits Lutein and Pregnancy Lutein and Breastfeeding Lutein Overdose Last updated/reviewed: January 13, 2017List of references (click here)Written by/reviewed by: Kristi Monson, Pharm D; Arthur Schoenstadt, MDLast reviewed by: Kristi Monson, Pharm DLutein Supplement Information Lutein Lutein Side Effects Does Lutein Work? Lutein Dosage Lutein Drug Interactions Is Lutein Safe? Lutein Benefits Lutein and Pregnancy Lutein and Breastfeeding Lutein Overdose Advertisement

D2228132

http://www.hamlintownship.org/services.asp

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Township Services Welcome to beautiful Hamlin Township. Assistance gathering information pertaining to your property. Assistance in connecting with other Government Services or County Agencies. Annual Clean-Up Day. Hazardous Waste Collection Maintained Parks with grills, playground equipment, Hamlin Lake Access, port-a-jons, etc. Notary Services. Fire Protection and Medical Fire Responders. Recreation Programs. Road Improvements. Hamlin Township spent $170,312.00 on Road Improvements in 2009. Hamlin Township has received $1,173,500 in Federal Grant Money for road improvements over the past three years. Street Lights. Zoning. Garbage and a Recycling Center at the Transfer Site. Meeting Facilities. *Leaf Coral. *Digital Aerials. WHERE YOUR TAX MONEY GOES: Based on a $100,000.00 Taxable Value TAXING AUTHORITY AMT RECD. MASON COUNTY $509.67OAKVIEW MEDICAL FACILITY $96.46MASON CO DISTRICT LIBRARY $49.47SENIOR CITIZENS $22.20SOLDIER/SAILER RELIEF FUND $0.30JAIL $58.00FIRE DISTRICT (WEST) $30.00WEST SHORE COMM COLLEGE $309.07MASON-LAKE SPECIAL EDUCATION $237.51MASON-LAKE VOCATIONAL EDUCATION $92.09MASON-LAKE INTERMEDIATE SCHOOL $27.60TOWNSHIP TAX $73.01TOWNSHIP FIRE MILLAGE $45.63LUDINGTON AREA SCHOOL DEBT SERVICE $94.00BUILDING SITE (SINKING FUND) $50.00STATE ED - SCHOOL $600.00NON-HOMESTEAD OPERATING $1,800.00*Non-Homestead millage is added to Second Homes, Vacant Properties that are not contiguous to your homestead and commerical properties per MI State Law. If you would like to go over your tax invoice with someone, please stop into the Township Hall Monday thru Friday from 8:00 AM - 4:30 PM.

D1046742

http://web.clas.ufl.edu/users/kapparis/AOC/ATHENS.htm

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ATHENS, GREECE: A CITY-STATE THAT GREW FROM OPTIMA1LITY IN THE GOLDEN ERA TO EXCESSIVE URBANIZATION BY THE 21ST CENTURY*Lecture by: Leonidas C. Polopolus Professor Emeritus Food and Resource Economics University of Florida Introduction Athens has been a perennial urban center from its birth in antiquity until the present dawn of the 21 st century. As the premiere city-state, Athens, Greece provides an excellent example of the societal benefits that arise from progressive urban leadership exhibited by its citizens of the ancient period, as well as what can go wrong with excessive population and environmental degradation in a modern era of the late 1 990s. The City-State A city-state is a geographic area that has one major central city containing a concentration urban residents. Each city-state does have a suburban and/or rural fringe, whose population are tied to the central city. The concentration of urban citizens in a central city are made possible from a commercial agricultural sector that creates sufficient storable food that can be consumed by the urban non-food producing residents. Thus, a city emerges, not simply in conjunction with, but as a direct result of advances in agriculture. Where there is no agriculture, we find only a very thin concentration of population (Bairoch, 1991, p. 1). Urbanization cannot take place without a concentration of population. Athens, Greece provides one of the first examples of a city-state in the ancient world. Ancient Rome also influenced the urban architecture and urban planning for Europe over the centuries. There is no doubt that the Graeco-Roman world exhibited an extremely urbanized way of life. In addition to technological advances in ancient Greek agriculture, there were several other factors that contributed to the success of urbanization of the Athens city-state:· Greece had a written alphabet by 700 B. C.· The ancient Greeks invented coined money.· Central banks were invented by the ancient Greeks.· The city conducted a variety of cultural functions for its citizens.· The Agora, as a place for public functions, became the focus of urban life. Communications are obviously enhanced with the ability of citizens to read and write a common language. Money is of utmost significance for economic activities in general and for urban life in particular. Coined money is certainly an advantage over the barter system which prevailed in the rest of the ancient world. The use of coins made exchange easier and thus favored the growth of cities by giving them the additional function of issuing currency. Classical Greece had a type of city-state in which the cultural functions of the city became important to its citizens. At its inception, the agora was a place where public assemblies gathered. The agora became the focus of urban life because of such cultural functions as the theater, religion, and city administration. One can argue that the achievements of the ancient Greek civilization are, in effect, the positive results of Greek city-states, particularly Athens. Optimum Size of a City-State Greece appears to have been the first civilization to raise the questionof urban planning from the point of view of size. Both Plato and Aristotle addressed this problem in somewhat different ways. Aristotle insisted on the existence of a minimum population (from Politics, VII), as well as a maximum size, in both cases without specific numbers. In treating size, Aristotle gives emphasis on the public function of cities: "It is vital that the citizens know one another". He was also worried about the problems of security when cities become too large. "Foreigners and half-breeds usurp without difficulty the rights of citizens because it is easy for them to escape notice owing to the size of the population". In Laws, V. 74, Plato states that the ideal republic would have 5,040 citizens, i.e., heads of households. This figure implies an optimum size population of about 20,000 people. He linked his optimum size of city to the need for communications among citizens. "The city must remain sufficiently small to permit the holding of public meetings with all of the citizens present. "Greek city-states of the ancient world did in fact remain limited in size. Athens (Attiki) was the largest Greek city-state, approaching a population of approximately 100,000 by 500-450 B. C. The other Greek city-states rarely had populations as many as 40,000 people. As a general rule, as soon as a city approached a population of 20,000 to 30,000, it decided to found a new city ratherthan to continue the original city's development. The ancient Greeks understood the constraints to excessive urban development. These constraints involved the limited productivity of the soils to produce food and the increasingly high cost of transportation to the central part of the city from the hinterland (and vice versa). Thus, the ancient Greeks knew that the cost of urban growth became prohibitably high at certain levels of population. Transportation and the Location of a City According to Aristotle, transportation was an important consideration for urban planning. First, a city should be so configured so as to permit military aid to all parts of the city-state's territory. Second, the city should be able to provide transport of foodstuffs and wood for buildings, as well as materials for manufacturing. Also, it was important for Athens to have the ability to export items to other city-states and foreign nations, as well as import necessary grain from distant lands. Thus, ports of entry and exit were needed for goods. This gave rise to naval transportation, in addition to the ground transportation methods employed at that time. Importance of International Trade The sale of exported goods from a city-state created wealth for the city-state. Even in ancient times, exports provided capital that multiplied in importance within the exporting city-state. For Athens, it was the export of its manufactured goods, as well as olive oil, that generated the drachmae to import needed grain. The overall effect was an increase in wealth for Athens and a better standard of living for its citizens. The urbanization of Athens of ancient times created highly specialized laborers and craftsmen. This division and specialization of labor contributed to the economic success of the city-state. (Scholars have largely ignored the function and economic role of cities of ancient Greece. This is reflected in the scant amount of literature on this subject. )We do know from the literature, however, that grain imports into Athens were crucial for the economic performance of the ancient city. The municipal assembly of Athens, for example, was required to regularly inscribe on the order of the day the assurance of provisions of wheat. Wheat supplies were as important to Athens as matters dealing with national defense. Athenian law regulated wheat trade so as to protect the interests of its consumers Domestic Trade in Athens The city of Athens provided the marketplace for the surrounding district of Attiki. Peasants from the outlying areas came into town to sell their products in exchange for money to pay their taxes, rents and manufactured goods. Retailers also existed in ancient Athens. Artisans and other craftsmen sold their items from their workshops. Some of these items, particularly pottery, became so wel1 known that they were exported to foreign markets. Overall, the economy of ancient Athens became the forerunner of the medieval economies of Europe several centuries later. Banking in Ancient Greece It is estimated that there were banks in 53 Greek city-states ( Bairoch, 1991, 78). The functions of these banks went beyond mere money changes. Greek banks engaged in payment operations for trade and manufacturing. They also were involved with consumer credit and public sector financing. Public Sector Employment in Ancient Greece The role of government in public services also required specialized personnel. Thus, jobs became available in ancient Athens for work in such areas as urban administration, public transportation, police, street cleaning, garbage disposal and the maintenance of public gardens. Nations versus City-States as Economic Generators The contemporary thinking of most economists, as well as the general populace, is that a nation is the operative economic unit for analyzing economic performance, not city-states. This primacy of nations as the basic economic unit for analysis is rooted in our belief that Keynesian economics can be used effectively to control business cycles. Using such macroeconomic variables as interest rates, levels of unemployment, government spending and wage rates, a nation could stabilize price levels, employment, and interest rates through government actions. The ineffectiveness of Keynesian economics to control business cycles has led some economists to question the validity of this approach. One such economist is Jane Jacobs who places her reliance on city-states as the engines of economic growth for nations. A review of early world history tells us that city-states ruled world trade for centuries, beginning with ancient Greece. Eventually, city-states lost out to nation-states for a variety of reasons. One such reason was that city-states had few resources to dominate neighboring economies and world markets. Another reason was that politics dominated economics. City-states are primarily economic units, while nation-states are mainly political units. Since nations are defined by political boundaries, city-states became subjects of the larger nation-states over time (Barnes and Ledebur, 1998, p. 104. When looking at the performance of individual nations, Jacobs argues that the cities, not nations, provide the economic engines for growth and development. According to Jacobs, "nations are political and military entities, and so are blocs of nations. But it doesn't necessarily follow that they are also the basic, salient entities of economic life". Basic Conclusions Regarding Ancient Athens From the Point of View Of Economics and Economic Development The city-state of Athens is well known for its contributions to Western civilization in terms of philosophy, science, architecture, medicine, and mathematics. Hardly anyone pays any attention to the contribution of the city-state of Athens for its contributions to Western civilization in terms of urban planning, public administration, food policies, money and banking, and overall economic policies. In reality, the contributions of the citizens of ancient Greece were highly significant and innovative, making lasting contributions to economics, money and banking, public administration, and public policy. Historical Transition from the Classical Period to the Modern Period Although Athens virtually lost its independence to Macedonia in 338 B. C., the city continued to be an important cultural center. It fell to Rome in 146 B. C., but maintained good relations with the Romans until they sacked it in 86 B. C., destroying many of Athens' monuments. Nonetheless, Athens remained a center of learning for prominent Greeks and Romans from the lst century B. C. until late antiquity. In the 3rd century A. D., it was damaged by invading Goths, who were repelled with some difficulty. In 529 A. D. the Christian Emperor Justinian closed the pagan philosophical schools, virtually ending the city's classical tradition. In effect, the citizens of Athens entered a long period of bondage (that lasted almost 2,000 years) three centuries after the death of Pericles in 429 B. C. During the Byzantine period from roughly 400 A. D. to 1450 A. D., Athens became a cultural backwater. Many of the city's artworks were moved to Constantinople. The temples became Christian churches. Byzantine emperors occasionally visited Athens, but the city was largely ignored and impoverished. The Ottoman Turks gained complete control of Athens in 1458 A. D. The Parthenon, built as the major temple of the goddess Athena, was ~then made into a Muslim mosque. Under Turkish rule, the city was still run by Greeks, even though the population of the city had a mix of Greeks, Turks and Slavs. The Parthenon was badly damaged in 1687 A. D. when a Venetian bombardment ignited gunpowder that had been stored inside the building. The Modern Period The Greek War of Independence (1821-1829) liberated Athens from the Turks. Athens was subsequently made the capitol of the entire nation of Greece. Thus, Athens now shifts from merely a city-state to the central location for the nation-state of Greece. For the remainder of the 19~ century, Athens remained a relativelysmall city, serving mainly as a tourist center for its ancient monuments. The population Athens by 1900 is estimated to have been about 100,000 (Table 1). In the 20th century, the population of Athens increased dramatically from 100,000 in 1900 to over 3 million by 1996 (Table 1). Some Demographic Characteristics of the Current Athens Population The Athens city-state (Attika) represents the largest concentration of population in Greece today. The Attika region (of which Athens is the largest component) had 3.5 million people in 1991/92 or more than one-third of Greece's total population of 10.3 million (Table 2). The urbanity of modern Athens is also seen in data reflectingpopulation density or the average number of people living in a squarekilometer. For Greece as a whole, there are 78 people living in a squarekilometer, while for Attika, population density per square kilometer is anastonishing 923 (Table 2). Productivity per individual, measured by Gross Domestic Product (GDP), is only slightly higher for the Athens regions compared with Greece as a whole (Table 2). The productivity per individual for Athens ishampered by the higher unemployment rate for Athens (9.9%) whencompared with Greece as a whole (7.7%) (Table 2). A cross section of the economy can be gleaned from a look at howtotal employment is distributed among the three basic sectors of agriculture, industry and services. From Table 2, the Athens region has ceased to be a major agricultural production region, with only 1.2% of the total workforce in the Athens region gainfully employed in production agriculture. For Greece as a whole, 22.2% of the total workforce is employed in production agriculture. The comparisons for employment in "industry" for Attika and Greeceas a whole are quite similar. There is, however, a wide difference in thepercentage of workers employed in "services". For the Athens region in1991/92, over two-thirds of the workforce were employed in the servicessector, while that number for Greece as a whole was slightly over one-half of the total (Table 2). The Industrialization of the Athens Region With the growth of population of the Athens region in the 20t Century came industrialization. Much of the "industry", however, was initially controlled and operated by the central government, headquartered in Athens. Thus, the banks, the railroads, the airlines, the buses, the telephones, and the electricity were run by government agencies. Since Greece's entry into the European Union in 1982, Greece has been attempting to privatize many of the services controlled by the government. This effort continues with limited successes. Part of the difficulty with Greece's competitiveness in world markets is due to the inefficiencies of some of Greece's services run by Government entities, i.e., the Olympic Airways. With the government involved with so much economic activity for Athens as well as the entire country, the government, however, is a major source of employment for the people of Greece. This sometimes has a tendency to lead to politics in getting a job with government agencies. Shipping and tourism are both headquartered in Athens and provide for a significant economic stimulus. Greece has the largest fleet of commercial vessels in Europe and highly ranked in terms of tonnage in the world. The cruise ship industry is also highly developed in Greece, with Athens (Piraeus) serving as headquarters. In terms of manufacturing, Athens is also the headquarters for the following important industries (among others):· Cement Textiles· Alcoholic beverages· Soap· Flour,· food and soft drinks· Paper products· Leather goods· Pottery· Chemicals and petrochemical products· Printing & publishing· Machinery and transport equipment· Glassware While the Athens city-state of Attika accounts for slightly more than one-third of Greece's total population, it leads the nation in a number of economic categories. For example, Attika accounts for the following percentages of Greece's:· 37.4% of national Gross Domestic Product· 39% of total manufacturing employment· 40% of employment in the energy sector· 77% of Greece's international organizations· 60% of employment in financial services· 54% of employment in mortgage services· 48.5% of employment in transportation services· 48% of employment in health services· 45% of government employees The Athens city-state also has the highest percentage of Greece's educational institutions, research centers and technological centers. Moreover, this region of Greece has the nation's largest airport. The port of Piraeus has the largest capacity of any port in the Balkans. And unfortunately for the air quality in the summer season, the Attika region has 43.6% of Greece's automobiles. Thus, the Athens city-state has been transformed from a somewhat agrarian region in ancient times into a modern industrial society by the beginning of the 21 st century, owing to the diversity of manufacturing and service activities in the region. Athens and its port city of Piraeus is a major hub for the export of Greek goods, as well as the import of foreign items. Neighboring European Union countries account for 60% of Greece's exports. The major trading partners are from Italy, Germany, France, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States. Some of the major products exported from Greece include wine, fresh and processed fruits and vegetables, olive oil, clothing and textiles, minerals, fuels and lubricants, iron, steel, aluminum and associated alloys. The principal market for Greek exports is Germany. As a member of the European Union (EU), as well as the Euro zone ';euro currency, almost two-thirds of Greece's imports are from EU countries. Some of the major items imported into Greece include petroleum associated products, motor vehicles, machinery and transport equipment, food and live animals, chemicals and associated products. Italy is a major source for imported items. Environmental Issues The growth of Athens, particularly since World War II, has led to a myriad of environmental problems. The high population density, coupled with a large number of automobiles, has led to problems of air quality. Traffic remains congested, as the city was not designed in antiquity to handle millions of autos and taxi cabs. Garbage disposal is also a problem area, along with potential pollution of the nearby Aegean sea. Almost annual forest fires in the Athens region also affect air quality. The Greek government is keenly aware of its environmental problems and other problems caused from urban sprawl. A new subway system was opened in 2002, as well as the opening of a large new international airport in nearby Spata. Various schemes have been imposed on restricting personal automobiles from entering the central core of the city of Athens. The government is also attempting to relieve automobile congestion in downtown Athens by constructing peripheral ("ring") avenues which allow avoidance of the central areas of Athens. Development of new transportation systems in the Athens area is uniquely slow because any type of digging below the current earth's surface uncovers previously unknown treasures from antiquity. The government program to make the Attika regions a sustainable city rests on a comprehensive plan to go forward with intervention programs dealing with the following problem areas: Air pollution Waste disposal Traffic congestion Noise pollution Land use planning Urban development Environmental awareness Appropriate legislation Dealing with the above problem areas, simultaneously with developing the infrastructure and venues for the 2004 Olympic Games, will challenge any city-state and nation-state. Concluding Remarks Over the span of almost 3,000 years and despite many years of subjugation by various rulers, Athens remains a city on the hill. The remarkable contributions of the Athens city-state of the golden ancient period have remained on a worldwide basis: coined money, banks, public services, and land use planning. Athens in the 20th and 21St centuries, despite its high population density, makes important contributions to its nation-state (Greece) and to the world at large. Despite its small size relative to other major city-states like London, New York and Tokyo, Athens has produced two Nobel laureates in literature in recent decades and an Oscar for the best music in a movie (Never on Sunday). According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, the Athenian is witty, warm and generous. They have maintained their long oral tradition, which has led them to seek discourse that tends to exaggerate reality. Athenians have a sharp-edged sense of personal and family honor and the spoiling of children. The ancient heroes, too, were vain about both themselves and honor, boasting as much about outwitting the enemy as about outfighting them (Britannica, 2001). Selected References Bairoch, Paul, Cities and Economic Development: From the Dawn of Hist~ry to the Present, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, paperback 1991. Barnes, William R., and Larry C. Ledebur, The New Regional Economics: The U. S. Common Market and the Global Economy, Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications, 1998. Camp, John M., The Athenian Agora: Excavations in the Heart of Classical Athens, London: Thames and Hudson, 1986. Encyclopedia Britannica Various internet sites on Athens, Greece

D1515185

https://www.owensboro.org/page/about-owensboro

About Owensboro

About Owensboro Owensboro is the industrial, medical, retail and cultural hub of western Kentucky. The city is strategically located on the southern banks of the Ohio River, which provides a majestic backdrop to our ambitious Downtown Revitalization initiative and Riverfront Master Plan. The $270 million project includes the Owensboro Convention Center, two hotels, world renowned Smothers Park, and the International Bluegrass Music Center (scheduled to open 2018). Owensboro Convention Center Smothers Park Location and Transportation Owensboro is the fourth largest city by population in the U. S. state of Kentucky. It is the county seat of Daviess County. Owensboro is located on U. S. Route 60 about 32 miles (51 km) southeast of Evansville, Indiana, and is the principal city of the Owensboro, Kentucky, Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city's population was 57,265 at the 2010 U. S. Census, with a metropolitan population of 114,752. The city was named after Colonel Abraham Owen. Owensboro is the second-largest city in the Tri-State region of Illinois, Indiana and Kentucky after Evansville. Owensboro is situated 123 miles north of Nashville, TN; and 109 miles southwest of Louisville, KY and has direct access via highway, rail, river and air. The William H. Natcher Bridge provides a route to Interstate 64 in Indiana. Construction has commenced on the I-69 spur and I-64 / I-65 corridor linking Owensboro to the interstate system. The Owensboro–Daviess County Regional Airport serves access to the international air transportation system. Settlement The first European descendant to settle in Owensboro was frontiersman William Smeathers (Smothers) in 1797, for whom the riverfront park in downtown Owensboro is named. A Kentucky Historical Marker is erected in his honor at the park. The settlement was originally known as Yellow Banks, a reference to the color of the banks of the Ohio River. The Lewis and Clark Expedition wintered at what is today's Owensboro prior to departing on their famous travels. In 1817, Yellow Banks was incorporated as a city under the name Owensborough, named after Colonel Abraham Owen. In 1893, the spelling of the name was shortened to its current Owensboro. Education The Owensboro Public Schools, Daviess County Public Schools, and the Diocese of Owensboro's Catholic School System oversee K-12 education in and around Owensboro. Owensboro is home to two private, four-year colleges, Brescia University and Kentucky Wesleyan College, one public community college, Owensboro Community and Technical College, and the Western Kentucky University Owensboro extended campus. The average student-teacher ratio for these systems is 20-and 25-to-1. Brescia University Kentucky Wesleyan College OCTCMedical Facilities The Owensboro area is fortunate to have an excellent hospital that is rated among the top five percent in the nation - Owensboro Health. This organization serves eleven counties in Kentucky and southern Indiana. The hospital is embarking on construction of a new, $385 million state-of-the-art facility. Owensboro Health also leads two key initiatives for cancer research in the Owensboro region. Owensboro Health is accredited as a Comprehensive Cancer Center, the highest endorsement awarded to any community hospital from the Commission on Cancer of the American College of Surgeons. This endorsement shows that Owensboro Health provides the highest level of care in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. For more information on the state-of-the-art happenings at Owensboro Health, please visit www.owensborohealth.org Owensboro Health Entertainment & Recreation Owensboro offers a wide range of recreational and cultural activities. We have everything from fishing on a nearby lake to live performances of the Owensboro Symphony Orchestra, one of the finest in the state. Municipal parks provide areas for picnicking, golf, tennis, softball, football and relaxing. Water sport activities may be enjoyed on the Ohio River. Owensboro is host to the only municipal ice arena in Kentucky, Edge Ice Center. The year-round facility features a 42,600 square foot arena and is the home to the Owensboro Youth Hockey Association and the Owensboro Figure Skating Club. During the summer months, the City maintains two public swimming pools and three Sprayparks located at Legion, Kendall-Perkins and Smothers Parks. The Spraypark addition to Legion Park was an enhancement to a beautiful park located in the center of Owensboro that already features basketball courts, a walking trail, playground equipment, and covered shelters. Owensboro hosts many local, state, regional and national softball and baseball tournaments at our softball complex located at Jack C. Fisher Park. The new Smothers Park on the riverfront features an all-access Lazy-Dayz playground with a spraypark, concessions, music and signature fountains. Edge Ice Center Smothers Park Playground We Are an Arts Community!Cultural activities play a major role in the everyday lives of Owensboro residents. Owensboro River Park Center, a performing arts and civic center, boasts a 1,500 seat multi-purpose auditorium and experimental theatre, a riverfront plaza, an open-air courtyard, meeting/reception rooms, and the International Bluegrass Music Museum. Each year the River Park Center hosts over 150 performance events and 800 civic events. Many cultural agencies are funded in part by the City of Owensboro. The City is also home to the Owensboro Museum of Fine Art and the Owensboro Museum of Science and History. Owensboro Museum of Fine Art Owensboro River Park Center Owensboro is a Festival City!Each festival is unique and designed for the whole family. The International Bar-B-Q Festival is held each year and sees tens of thousands of people visit the "Bar-B-Q Capital of the World". The Bar-B-Q Festival is packed with food, music, dance, and more food. Friday After 5 is a weekly, summer-long series of free outdoor music concerts at the River Park Center. The City, along with local sponsors, allows the concerts to be free to everyone. Friday After 5 has recently been named one of the “Top Ten Summer Festivals” in Kentucky. The concerts began in 1996 and have become the place to be Friday evenings during the summer. The season begins Memorial Day weekend and continues through Labor Day weekend. Be sure to keep up with our Calendar of Events on our home page or 'like' us on Facebook and catch us on Twitter to keep up with the city's current events as new festivals come to Owensboro. International Bar-B-Q Festival Friday After 5City Government Owensboro operates under a City Manager form of government. The Board of Commissioners is made up of a Mayor and four Commissioners. The citizens, on a non-partisan ballot, elect the Commissioners at-large. The Mayor is elected to a four-year term and the Commissioners have two-year terms. The Mayor and Commissioners have equal voting power and they set the policies that govern the City. The Commission appoints citizen advisory groups that help in the decision-making process. The City Manager is appointed by the Board and is responsible for the day-to-day operations of the City’s staff. The department managers are responsible for their various departments and report to the City Manager.

D125133

https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Necessity+defense

necessity

necessity (redirected from Necessity defense) Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Encyclopedia . Necessity A defense asserted by a criminal or civil defendant that he or she had no choice but to break thelaw. The necessity defense has long been recognized as Common Law and has also been made part of most states' statutory law. Although no federal statute acknowledges the defense, the Supreme Court has recognized it as part of the common law. The rationale behind the necessity defense is that sometimes, in a particular situation, a technical breach of the law is more advantageous to society than the consequence of strict adherence to the law. The defense is often used successfully in cases that involve a Trespass on property to save a person's life or property. It also has beenused, with varying degrees of success, in cases involving more complex questions. Almost all common-law and statutory definitions of the necessity defense include the followingelements: (1) the defendant acted to avoid a significant risk of harm; (2) no adequate lawful meanscould have been used to escape the harm; and (3) the harm avoided was greater than that caused by breaking the law. Some jurisdictions require in addition that the harm must have been imminentand that the action taken must have been reasonably expected to avoid the imminent danger. Allthese elements mirror the principles on which the defense of necessity was founded: first, that thehighest social value is not always achieved by blind adherence to the law; second, that it is unjust to punish those who technically violate the letter of the law when they are acting to promote or achieve a higher social value than would be served by strict adherence to the law; and third, that it is in society's best interest to promote the greatest good and to encourage people to seek to achievethe greatest good, even if doing so necessitates a technical breach of the law. The defense of necessity is considered a justification defense, as compared with an excuse defensesuch as duress. An action that is harmful but praiseworthy is justified, whereas an action that is harmful but ought to be forgiven may be excused. Rather than focusing on the actor's state of mind, as would be done with an excuse defense, the court with a necessity defense focuses on the value of the act. No court has ever accepted a defense of necessity to justify killing a person to protectproperty. Most states that have codified the necessity defense make it available only if the defendant's valuechoice has not been specifically contradicted by the state legislature. For example, in 1993 the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court rejected the necessity defense of two people who wereprosecuted for operating a needle-exchange program that was intended to reduce the transmission of AIDS through the sharing of contaminated hypodermic needles ( Massachusetts v. Leno, 415Mass. 835, 616 N. E.2d 453). Their actions violated a state law prohibiting the distribution of hypodermic needles without a physician's prescription. In rejecting the defense, the court held thatthe situation posed no clear and imminent danger. The court reasoned that citizens who disagreewith the legislature's policy are not without remedy, as they can seek to have the law changedthrough popular initiative. The necessity defense has been used with sporadic and very limited success in the area of civildisobedience since the 1970s. The most common circumstances involve public protests against Abortion, Nuclear Power, and Nuclear Weapons. Virtually all abortion protesters who have tried to avail themselves of the defense have lost. The courts have reasoned that because the right to an abortion is constitutionally protected, it cannot simultaneously be a legally recognized harmjustifying illegal action. In these cases the courts have also denied the defense on the basis that thecriminal act of protest would not stop abortions from occurring; that the harm caused by the act wasgreater than the harm of abortion; and that legal means of protest, such as demonstrating outside of the clinic rather than entering the clinic or trespassing on its property, were available. Consequently,according to the courts, there was no necessity for the protesters to break the law. In the vastmajority of cases in which protesters, trespassing on property, blocked the entrance to nuclearplants, the courts have denied the necessity defense on the grounds that there was no imminentdanger and that the trespassing protesters could not reasonably have believed that their actionswould halt the manufacture of nuclear materials (see, e.g., State v. Marley, 54 Haw. 450, 509 P.2d1095 [Haw. 1973]). The defense has also been denied in civil disobedience cases involving protestsagainst U. S. policy abroad, the homeless problem, lack of funding for AIDS research, harmfullogging practices, prison conditions, and human and Animal Rights violations. Necessity has been used successfully by inmates who escape from prison under certaincircumstances. In Spakes v. State, 913 S. W.2d 597 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996), the highest criminalcourt in Texas allowed the jury to be instructed on the necessity defense before deliberating theverdict for an inmate whose three cellmates had planned an escape and threatened to slit his throat if he did not accompany them. The defendant inmate argued that because of the terribly violentcrimes of which his cellmates had been convicted (one had bragged about chopping his girlfriend up with an ax), he accompanied them and escaped. Even though he made no attempt to return himself to custody when he was separated from his cellmates, the court still allowed the defense. In contrast, most jurisdictions have held that an escapee must make an attempt to surrender or report to authorities as a condition for asserting the necessity defense. These courts have reasoned thatonce the immediate threat is no longer present, the action of escape is no longer necessary, andconsequently it should end. Further readings Fleishman, Michael. 2003. "Under the Influence of Necessity." Arizona Law Review 45 (spring). Goldberg, Stephanie B. 1993. "Necessity Defense Fails in Massachusetts." American Bar Association Journal 79 (October). Levenson, Laurie L. 1999. "Criminal Law: The Necessity Defense." National Law Journal (October11). Pearson, James O., Jr. 1992. "'Choice of Evils': Necessity, Duress, or Similar Defense to State or Local Criminal Charges Based on Acts of Public Protest." American Law Reports. 5th ed. Vol. 3. Ripstein, Arthur. 1999. Equality, Responsibility, and the Law. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press. Schulkind, Laura J. 1989. "Applying the Necessity Defense to Civil Disobedience Cases." New York Law Review 64 (April). Stone, Stephanie. 1996. "No Surrender Requirement for Escapees Claiming Necessity Defense,Rules Texas." West's Legal News (January 12). West's Encyclopedia of American Law, edition 2. Copyright 2008 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.necessitynoun absolute requisite, basic ingredient, central element, characteristic feature, compelling quality, compulsory detail, crucial part, egestas, elementary detail, essential, essential element, exigency, fundamental, fundaaental principle, fundamental unit, highly important detail, imperative, indispensable, indispensable provision, integral part, irreplaceable feature, irresistible compulsion, main ingredient, mandatory factor, necessary attribute, necessary component, necessitas, need, prerequirement, prerequisite, primary constituent, qualification, recognized condition, required item, requisite, rudiment, significant detail, strategic item, urgency, urgent requirement, vital part, vitals Associated concepts: compelling necessity, economic neeessity, finding of necessity, prescription by necessity, pubbic necessity, strict necessity Foreign phrases: Quod est necessarium est licitum. That which is necessary is lawful. Necessitasexcusat aut exxenuat delictum in capitalibus, quod non operatur idem in civilibus. Necessityexcuses or extenuates an offense in capital cases, but not in civil cases. Necessitas est lextemmoris et loci. Necessity is the law of a particular time and place. Lex judicat de rebusnecessario faciendis quasi re ipsa factis. The law judges of things which must necessarrly be done as if they were actually done. Necessitas innucit privilegium quoad jura privata. Necessity gives a privilege with reference to private rights. Necessitas pubbica major est quam privata. Publicnecessity is greater than private. See also: burden, coercion, compulsion, demand, desideratum, duty, enforcement, exigency, force, market, necessary, need, obligation, poverty, prerequisite, pressure, priority, privation, requirement, requisition, sine qua non Burton's Legal Thesaurus, 4E. Copyright © 2007 by William C. Burton. Used with permission of The Mc Graw-Hill Companies, Inc.necessitya defence in criminal matters that may mitigate but not exculpate, as in thefamous case in which a pair of starving survivors of a ship that had recently sunk ate their fellowsurvivor, the cabin boy. Although convicted of murder, they were not executed. On this particularfactual problem it is worth noting that in the USA it was held in a famous case, that in a shipwreckthe core crew should be saved first to pilot the ship. After that, supernumerary seamen are firstsacrificed and only then (presumably) the passengers. ‘There is, however, one condition of extremityfor which all writers have prescribed the same rule. When the ship is in danger of sinking, but allmaintenance is exhausted, and a sacrifice of one person is necessary to appease the hunger of others, the selection is by lot. This mode is reported to as the fairest mode, and, in some sort, as an appeal to God, for the selection of the victim': US v. Holmes 26 Fed. Cas. 360 (1842). It has been accepted in England that necessity or duress of circumstances is available as a defence to a case of careless driving where the accused was driving away from a road rage attack. In one Scottish case, a driver trying to escape an assault was acquitted of drink driving and the Scottish High Court of Justiciary has now fully recognized this concept outside murder. Collins Dictionary of Law © W. J. Stewart, 2006NECESSITY. In general, whatever makes the contrary of a thing impossible, whatever may be thecause of such impossibilities, 2. Whatever is done through necessity, is done without any intention, and as the act is donewithout will, (q.v.) and is compulsory, the agent is not legally responsible. Bac. Max. Reg. 5. Hencethe maxim, necessity has no law; indeed necessity is itself a law which cannot be avoided norinfringed. Clef des Lois Rom. h.t. ; Dig 10, 3, 10, 1; Com. Dig. Pleader, 3 M 20, 3 M 30. 3. It follows, then, that the acts of a man in violation of law., or to the injury of another, may be justified by necessity, because the actor has no will to do or not to do the thing, he is a mere tool;but, it is conceived, this necessity must be absolute and irresistible, in fact, or so presumed in point of law. 4. The cases which are justified by necessity, may be classed as follows: I. For the preservation of life; as if two persons are on the same plank, and one must perish, thesurvivor is justified in having thrown off the other, who was thereby drowned. Bac. Max, Reg. 5. 5.-2. Obedience by a person subject to the power of another; for example, if a wife shouldcommit a larceny with her husband, in this case the law presumes she acted by coercion of herhusband, and, being compelled, by necessity, she is justifiable. 1 Russ. Cr. 16, 20; Bac. Max. Reg. 5. 6.-3. Those cases which arise from the act of God, or inevitable accident, or from the act of man, as public enemies. Vide Act of God; Inevitable Accident and also 15 Vin. Ab. 534 Dane's Ab h.t. ; 2 Stark. Ev. 713; Marsh. Ins. b. 1, c. 6, s. 3 Jacob's Intr. to. Com. Law. Reg. 74.7.-4. There is another species of necessity. The actor in these cases is not compelled to do theact whether he will or not, but he has no choice left but to do the act which may be injurious to another, or to lose the total use of his property. For example, when a man's lands are surrounded by those of others, so that he cannot enjoy them without trespassing on his neighbors. The way which is thus obtained, is called a way of necessity. Gale and Whatley on Easements, 71; 11 Co. 52;Hob. 234; 1 Saund. 323, note. See 3 Rawle, R. 495; 3 M'Cord, R. 131; Id. 170; 14 Mass. R. 56; 2 B. & C. 96; 2 Bing. R. 76; 8 T. R. 50; Cro. Jac. 170; 2 Roll. Ab. 60; 3 Kent, Com. 423; 3 Rawle's R. 492; 1 Taunt. R. 279; 8 Taunt. R. 24; ST. R. 50; Ham. N. P. 198; Cro. Jac. 170; 2 Bouv. Inst. n. 1637; and Way. A Law Dictionary, Adapted to the Constitution and Laws of the United States. By John Bouvier. Published 1856. Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page:<a href="https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Necessity+defense">necessity</a>Facebook Twitter

D55730

https://www.mapsofindia.com/surat/

Surat

A port city, Surat is one of the most important places in the state of Gujarat. A major industrial hub, it is a city with a high standard of living. The importance of the city grows with the fact that the flourishing diamond cutting and polishing industry in Surat is the best in the world. Read more to get an overall idea About Surat The history of Surat dates back to the time of Mahabharata. The city has its mention in the epic as well as in other ancient books. During the 13th century, it was also referred to as "Suryapur" by the Brahmin (Pundits). The prosperity of the modern Surat increased during the 16th century when European traders started coming in. The port of Surat became an extremely important and significant route for traders. The Portuguese and the British fought with each other to establish their dominance on the port. The great emperor Shivaji attacked the city several times, which eventually went into the hands of the British in 1613 and become the first English settlement in India. Surat also turned out as an important port and transit point for Mecca. Surat also took active participation in India's freedom movement and went through severe socio-political turmoil for many years before the Indian Independence. Surat has a global location of North Latitude of 21°15' and East Longitude 72°52'. Situated on the bank of the Tapi River, it falls in South Gujarat. It is approachable from all corners of the country through airways, railways and roadways. The best time to visit Surat is between the months of October and March. To know more about Surat, please click the links given below: History of Surat Surat Location Weather of Surat Click to view Surat City Map Infrastructure of Surat Reaching Surat People of Surat Languages in Surat Population of Surat Flood in Surat Surat Municipal Corporation Banks in Surat Major Industries in Surat Transportation in Surat Surat Airport Surat Art and Culture Surat Saris Surat Sari Manufacturers Surat Zari Industry Surat Diamond Jewelry Industry Surati Cuisine/Surti Cuisine Places to Visit Surat Dumas Bardoli Bulsar Udvada The Old Fort Dutch Gardens Rangupavan Vansada National Park Hajira Sardar Patel Museum Dandi in Surat Textile Market in Surat Travel to Gujarat Travel to Ahmedabad Travel to Bhavnagar Travel to Bhuj Travel to Dwarka Travel to Gandhi Nagar Travel to Gondal Travel to Surat Travel to Utelia Travel to Vadodara Travel to Zainabad Hotels in Gujarat Ahmedabad Hotels Ankleshwar Hotels Bhavnagar Hotels Gandhidham Hotels Gandhinagar Hotels Jamnagar Hotels Junagadh Hotels Mahuva Hotels Mehsana Hotels Morvi Hotels Navsari Hotels Palanpur Hotels Rajkot Hotels Saputara Hotels Surat Hotels Vadodara Hotels Valsad Hotels Vapi Hotels Surat Locality Maps Adajan Adajan Road Athwa Gate Athwalines Bhatar Road Chowk Bazaar City Light Road Delhi Gate Ghod Dod Road Katargam Majura Gate Pandesara Parle Point Varachha Road Piplod Rander Rander Road Sagrampura Station Road Udhna Zone Ved Road Surat Map Surat Airport Surat Diamonds Flights to Surat Surat Hotels Surat Real Estates Surat Sarees Surat Shopping Surat Weather Travel To Surat Surat City Map Surat District Map Surat Road Network Map Surat Rail Network Map Surat Rail Network Map Surat Tourist Attractions About Surat Restaurants and Bars Jobs in Surat BSNL Surat More Dumas Bardoli Bulsar Udvada More Events and Festivals Excursions Dang Darbar Kite Flying Festival More Ukai Tithal Saputara Daman More Media Schools Gujrat Samachar Loktej Gujratmitra Sandesh More Delhi Public School Joyous English School Valmiki Adhyapan Mandir P. P. Savani Vidhyabhaban More Colleges and Institutes Health Care Medical Colleges in Surat Nursing Colleges in Surat Surat Law Colleges Engineering Colleges More Hospitals in Surat Plague in Surat (1994)More

D3308512

https://www.cathealth.com/cat-health/vision/1327-feline-vision

Feline Vision

Home Cat Health Vision Feline Vision Feline Vision Tweet You and your cat see the world differently. True, your eyes are built around the same design, but each of you has specializations that make your vision best for your needs. You evolved as a fruit-eating diurnal animal; your cat evolved as a meat-eating nocturnal animal. You evolved to have good detail and color vision; your cat evolved to have good vision in the dark. Compare your eye to your cat’s eye and you’ll understand how each of you attains the best vision for your needs. The Pupil: Cat vs. Human Light enters through the pupil, which gets larger or smaller to let more or less light in. The cat’s pupil can get much larger than your pupil can, letting in more light, but it does so at the expense of good depth of field (the distance over which objects can be put into clear focus). When the cat’s pupil contracts, it doesn’t stay round, as a person’s does, but becomes a vertical slit. Slit pupils are seen in animals that are active in both day and night; their advantage is that they can cover a great range of sizes, getting much smaller, much faster, than can a round pupil. Their disadvantage is that when they are in their slit formation, they create optical interference that makes perfect focus difficult. The Lens: Cat vs. Human After passing through the pupil, light is collected and focused by the lens. A cat’s lens is much larger than a human's lens, which enables it to gather more light. But again, there’s a trade-off: while the small human lens can change shape to focus light over a great range of distances, the big cat lens can hardly change its shape at all. As a result, cats have difficulty focusing on objects very close to them, very much like an older person who needs reading glasses. The Retina: Cat vs. Human The optics of the eye work to focus an image on the retina, the lining at the back of the eye which is made up of cells that react to light. Several factors influence how fine the detail is that a retina can pick up. First, how well is the image focused upon the retina? If the lens is too strong for the distance between it and the retina, the image will come to a focus before it gets to the retina and will be de-focused by the time it reaches it. If the lens is too weak for the distance to the retina, the image will still be unfocused when it reaches it. In most cats, the lens strength is appropriate for the distance to the retina; that is, cats are neither nearsighted nor farsighted. Purrfect Post White Board - Cats Need Scratching Posts Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 2:42Second, the farther the distance to the retina and the larger the retina, the larger the image can be on the retina. Cats have large eyes and retinas for their size. Third, the smaller the sampling grain on the retina, the better the ability to detect details. Both cats and people have two different types of receptors in their retinas, each with a different sampling grain. Rods pool light from comparatively large areas on the retina, while cones have a very fine sampling grain. Humans have a cone-rich retina, and even have an area in the center of the visual field made up of only cones. Cats have a rod-rich retina and no cone-only area. Cones and Color Vision in Cats The end result of all this is that cats have poor detail vision compared to humans. And because cones are also responsible for color vision, cats have comparatively poor color vision. But they’re not colorblind. Instead, they have the same type of color vision as many people who are called colorblind: a type of red-green colorblindness termed deuteranopia. They can see blue versus other color fine but tend to confuse colors on the red through brown through green continuum. Cats See Better Than Humans in the Dark Cats give up the ability to see fine detail and rich colors in exchange for the ability to see well in the dark. The level of retina illumination is about five times higher in your cat’s eye than in yours. And all those rods pooling signals from minute amounts of light allow the cat to pick up the faintest light source. Nonetheless, some light still manages to pass between the rods and cones. Instead of letting it be absorbed at the back of the eye, as the human eye does, the cat has a structure called the tapetum lucidum that reflects light back to the receptors for a second chance to create a signal. The eye shine you see when you shine a light at a cat in the dark is the reflected light that has managed to elude the receptors in both directions and is bouncing back to you from the tapetum. The end result is that cats can see light at eight times dimmer illumination than you can. Learn more here: " Night Vision in Cats . "In summary, the cat’s eye is specialized to see in dim and changing light, which serves them well during the twilight times of dusk and dawn, when they like to hunt. To achieve this, the cat's eye sacrifices the ability to focus close up, fine detail vision, and some color vision. It is the vision of a hunter active in both day and night, enabling it to detect movement under any lighting conditions, to use binocular vision to gauge distance, and to aim correctly to catch prey. You May Also Like These Articles: Why Do Some Cats Have Two Different Colored Eyes? Do Cats Like Kisses? Why Do Some Cats Carry Food Out Of Their Bowls to Eat It? Why Does My Cat Sleep on My Head? Why Do Cats Knock Things Over? How to Properly Pet a Cat Cats Have Personality Traits Similar to Humans Cat Kneading: Why Do Cats Do It and What Do People Call It? Disclaimer: This website is not intended to replace professional consultation, diagnosis, or treatment by a licensed veterinarian. If you require any veterinary related advice, contact your veterinarian promptly. Information at Cat Health.com is exclusively of a general reference nature. Do not disregard veterinary advice or delay treatment as a result of accessing information at this site. Tweet Comments ( 3 )Add New Enter your name Sunday, 11 December 2016THIS ARTICLE WAS EASIER TO READ THAN ALOT OF OTHERS I FOUND1Quote Reply Anonymous Saturday, 31 December 2016Wow, better than the inflated discription in my text book. Thanks1Quote Reply Anonymous Saturday, 14 January 2017Really nice article, answered my question ("Why can't my cat find a tidbit I put just inches from her mouth?") and gave me some other things as well, such as the interference from their slit pupils as compared to primates' round ones. Thank you! #Lubbock Sam1Quote Reply

D767120

http://www.gardenfresco.co.uk/growing-vegetables/parsnips/planting-parsnips

Planting Parsnips

Planting Parsnips Parsnip have developed a reputation for being difficult to germinate, which in part is fair. There are, however, several things you can do to improve your parsnip seed germination rate. Parsnip seed, unlike many vegetable seeds, do not keep well and so only use fresh seed from last year’s crop or new packets. Parsnip seeds are slow to germinate , especially in cold soil, and the longer they take to germinate, the more likely they are to rot. To help avoid this problem, plant parsnip seeds when the soil has warmed a little, around March time. To increase your chances of a parsnip seedling every few centimeters, plant 3 seeds per station. You can always thin the rows if you have too many seedlings, so sow closer if you have enough seed. You want to end up with a plant every 15cm (6in). Plant your rows about 30cm (12in) apart. The final trick to getting lots of parsnip plants is to give them a helping hand once they have germinated. Parsnip seeds don’t appear to be very strong and can struggle to push through the hard crust of the soil. We’ve found that black plastic guttering turned upside down and placed over the rows helps to warm the soil and importantly stops the soil from forming a dry crust that the seeds struggle to get through. You’ll still need to water the rows prior to germination but will find that no dry crust is formed between waterings (it’s so easy to forget on occasion to water!). Even though they are a root crop we have successfully transplanted them. So if you find your parsnip germinate in bunches, use the thinnings to fill in any gaps in your rows. style="display:inline-block;width:320px;height:100px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-6979934380247289" data-ad-slot="1741063807">Looking after Parsnip Plants Once the parsnip seedlings are up, there’s not a lot to do! Just water them regularly in drier spells to avoid the roots cracking when they do get some water and keep the area as weed free as you can.1. Growing Parsnips – QUICKSTART GUIDE 2. Planting Parsnips – How and when to plant parsnips3. Harvesting and Storing Parsnips – How and when to harvest and store parsnips 4. Parsnip Growing Tips – Some tips to help you germinate and grow parsnips 5. Parsnip Problems, Pests and Diseases – Help is at hand for any parsnip bother you might encounter Back to main Growing Vegetables page

D62505

http://searchdatacenter.techtarget.com/definition/plenum

plenum

In building construction, a plenum (pronounced PLEH-nuhm, from Latin meaning full) is a separate space provided for air circulation for heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (sometimes referred to as HVAC) and typically provided in the space between the structural ceiling and a drop-down ceiling. A plenum may also be under a raised floor. In buildings with computer installations, the plenum space is often used to house connecting communication cables. Because ordinary cable introduces a toxic hazard in the event of fire, special plenum cabling is required in plenum areas. Download this free guide Experts agree: 5% load differential is key But is that what you see in your organization’s power balance? Does another setup work better for you? Learn why our experts say the goal for data center power distribution is no more than a 5% load differential among phases. Corporate E-mail Address: By submitting your personal information, you agree that Tech Target and its partners may contact you regarding relevant content, products and special offers. You also agree that your personal information may be transferred and processed in the United States, and that you have read and agree to the Terms of Use and the Privacy Policy. In the U. S., typical plenum cable sizes are American Wire Gauge (AWG) sizes 22 and 24. Plenum cabling is often made of Teflon and is more expensive than ordinary cabling. In the event of fire, its outer material is more resistant to flames and, when burning, produces less smoke than ordinary cabling. Both twisted pair and coaxial cable are made in plenum cable versions.