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Language Technologies, Bangor University 9

I'll happily explore the issue between Austria and Germany. I would suggest that the situation is somewhat different here in Wales, given the fact that we are talking about different tax rates operating within the United Kingdom, and I will come onto that point when we look at the experience of Scotland, very shortly, as well. Mike. [ Interruption.] Of course.

Byddwn yn hapus i archwilio'r cwestiwn rhwng Awstria a'r Almaen. Carwn awgrymu bod y sefyllfa ychydig yn wahanol yma yng Nghymru, o ystyried y ffaith ein bod yn siarad am wahanol gyfraddau treth sy'n gweithredu o fewn y Deyrnas Unedig, ac fe ddof at y pwynt hwnnw pan edrychwn ar brofiad yr Alban yn fuan iawn hefyd. Mike. [ Torri ar draws.] Wrth gwrs.

Do you share my concern about the use of dividend income to reduce the amount of tax being paid, and that we don't get any share of the dividend income of people who get paid by dividends in Wales?

A ydych chi'n rhannu fy mhryder am y defnydd o incwm difidend i ostwng faint o dreth sy'n cael ei thalu, ac nad ydym yn cael unrhyw gyfran o incwm difidend pobl sy'n cael eu talu drwy ddifidendau yng Nghymru?

Yes, and that would be another one of those challenges, and again I'll come onto the Scottish experience there as well. Just to round off what I was saying in relation to the higher bands, growth in revenues for those two bands does tend to be more volatile from year to year than basic rate revenues, and they do vary more between parts of the United Kingdom, and that does affect the year-to-year net budgetary impact of income tax devolution via the block grant adjustment mechanism. So, to give an example and to turn to the Scottish experience, Scotland does have full devolution of income tax, except for income on savings and dividends, and what I'm going to say next is really important, because it does set out and demonstrate the real risk that is involved here and the real volatility, which is what we really do need to consider before determining which way forward would be right for us. So, the Scottish Fiscal Commission is expecting a net negative impact of around £100 million on the Scottish Government budget this year, and that is despite additional tax effort by Scottish taxpayers of around £850 million from the rate and threshold changes. I think that does demonstrate the level of risk that is taken on when we're looking at this. So, understanding the behavioural changes is key, and I'm looking to better understand the behavioural impact in relation to the changes that the Scottish Government have made.

Ie, a byddai honno'n un arall o'r heriau hynny, ac unwaith eto fe ddof at brofiad yr Alban hefyd. Os caf orffen yr hyn roeddwn yn ei ddweud mewn perthynas â'r bandiau uwch, mae twf mewn refeniw ar gyfer y ddau fand yn tueddu i fod yn fwy cyfnewidiol o flwyddyn i flwyddyn na refeniw cyfraddau sylfaenol, ac maent yn amrywio mwy rhwng rhannau o'r Deyrnas Unedig, ac mae hynny'n effeithio ar effaith gyllidebol net o flwyddyn i flwyddyn datganoli treth incwm drwy fecanwaith addasiad i'r grant bloc. Felly, er mwyn rhoi enghraifft ac i droi at brofiad yr Alban, mae treth incwm wedi'i ddatganoli'n llawn i'r Alban, heblaw am incwm ar gynilion a difidendau, ac mae'r hyn rwy'n mynd i'w ddweud nesaf yn bwysig iawn, oherwydd mae'n nodi ac yn dangos y risg go iawn sydd ynghlwm wrth hyn a'r anwadalwch go iawn, sef yr hyn y mae gwir angen inni ei ystyried cyn penderfynu pa ffordd ymlaen a fyddai'n iawn i ni. Felly, mae Comisiwn Cyllid yr Alban yn disgwyl effaith negyddol net o tua £100 miliwn i gyllideb Llywodraeth yr Alban eleni, ac mae hynny er gwaethaf ymdrech dreth ychwanegol gan drethdalwyr yr Alban o tua £850 miliwn yn sgil newidiadau i'r gyfradd a'r trothwy. Rwy'n credu bod hynny'n dangos lefel y risg a gymerir pan edrychwn ar hyn. Felly, mae deall y newidiadau ymddygiadol yn allweddol, ac rwy'n ceisio deall yr effaith ymddygiadol yn well mewn perthynas â'r newidiadau y mae Llywodraeth yr Alban wedi'u gwneud.

I will give way when I've finished my sentence.

Fe ildiaf wedi imi orffen fy mrawddeg.

Seeing as she's quoting the Scottish Fiscal Commission, does she also recognise that the net additional revenue that the Scottish Fiscal Commission has identified for next year, in terms of the divergence between the policies, is £1 billion extra? That's the net additional revenue that Scotland has.

O weld ei bod wedi dyfynnu Comisiwn Cyllid yr Alban, a yw hi hefyd yn cydnabod bod y refeniw net ychwanegol y mae Comisiwn Cyllid yr Alban wedi'i nodi ar gyfer y flwyddyn nesaf, o ran y gwahaniaeth rhwng y polisïau, yn £1 biliwn yn ychwanegol? Dyna'r refeniw net ychwanegol sydd gan yr Alban.

I do recognise that, and of course you'll see that we also are expecting net additional revenue here in Wales as a result of the block grant adjustment. It's just simply important and responsible to consider the risks before we seek to devolve powers any further, and of course all of that needs to be seen within the context of our strategic tax policy priorities, and of course the future of Wales within the United Kingdom. I'm really looking forward to seeing what the Independent Commission on the Constitutional Future of Wales has to say on tax in its final report. In its interim report, the commission did recognise the imbalance in the current constitutional arrangements, and these imbalances do play into the current impasse that we have in seeking the devolution of further tax powers of all sorts in Wales. So, any argument to seek further powers can't be divorced from the need to address the inadequacies of the current devolution settlement. So, just to conclude, this is an important agenda. I really do welcome colleagues' interest in it. I would say that when we do consider the role of income tax in future, I think of it in terms of supporting sustainably our longer term strategic priorities, for example, such as addressing the pressures in social care for the future, rather than seeing it as a short-term tool to address those immediate funding pressures that we have. But, of course, I really would welcome an ongoing discussion with all colleagues who have an interest in this across the Chamber.

Rwy'n cydnabod hynny, ac wrth gwrs fe welwch ein bod hefyd yn disgwyl refeniw net ychwanegol yma yng Nghymru o ganlyniad i'r addasiad i'r grant bloc. Yn syml, mae'n bwysig ac yn gyfrifol i ystyried y risgiau cyn ceisio datganoli pwerau ymhellach, ac wrth gwrs mae angen gweld hynny i gyd o fewn cyd-destun ein blaenoriaethau polisi treth strategol, ac wrth gwrs dyfodol Cymru o fewn y Deyrnas Unedig. Rwy'n edrych ymlaen yn fawr at weld beth sydd gan y Comisiwn Annibynnol ar Ddyfodol Cyfansoddiadol Cymru i'w ddweud ar dreth yn ei adroddiad terfynol. Yn ei adroddiad interim, fe gydnabu'r comisiwn yr anghydbwysedd yn y trefniadau cyfansoddiadol presennol, ac mae'r anghydbwysedd yn cyfrannu at y cyfyngder presennol wrth ystyried datganoli pwerau trethu pellach o bob math yng Nghymru. Felly, ni ellir ysgaru unrhyw ddadl dros bwerau pellach oddi wrth yr angen i fynd i'r afael ag annigonolrwydd y setliad datganoli presennol. Felly, i gloi, mae hon yn agenda bwysig. Rwy'n croesawu diddordeb cyd-Aelodau ynddi. Pan fyddwn yn ystyried rôl treth incwm yn y dyfodol, byddwn yn meddwl amdani yng nghyd-destun cefnogi ein blaenoriaethau strategol mwy hirdymor yn gynaliadwy, er enghraifft, megis mynd i'r afael â'r pwysau mewn gofal cymdeithasol ar gyfer y dyfodol, yn hytrach na'i weld fel arf tymor byr i fynd i'r afael â'r pwysau ariannu uniongyrchol sydd arnom. Ond wrth gwrs, byddwn yn sicr yn croesawu trafodaeth barhaus gyda'r holl gyd-Aelodau sydd â diddordeb yn hyn ar draws y Siambr.

Adam Price now to respond to the debate.

Adam Price nawr i ymateb i'r ddadl.

Well, certainly it has been an illuminating, if somewhat dispiriting debate in its conclusion, with the remarks of the Minister, but I'd like to thank all Members who contributed to it. Peter Fox is a reasonable man - I'm not sure that I can say that more broadly, it has to be said - but I think the central point here, Peter, is this: if we have these powers, there's no point having powers if they're incredibly difficult to use. And, at the moment, with devolving rates but not bands, it means we don't really have the ability to use the powers to the full. And that's, really, the reasonable demand. And you can make your case in terms of your aspirations as to how to use them and we'll make ours, but isn't that how democratic accountability is meant to work? And that's, essentially, the core point that my colleague Luke Fletcher was making, that fiscal policy is critical to being a parliament, isn't it? We need to be accountable to the communities that we're meant to serve and, at the moment, without these full powers, we're not able to do that. I agree with Mike - I should have taken an intervention now, Mike; I apologise. You referred to asymmetric devolution, and let's remember that the policy that we are seeking to get a Labour Government to adopt here was a Labour proposal. Through the Vow, through the Smith commission, this was a Labour policy, a Labour proposal, and yet here in Wales, with the one Government that the Labour Party runs, they're opposing it. I think you're right, Mike, as well, that there's a wider agenda. We've got to look at dividend income, income from savings, et cetera. I think we've got to look at capital gains tax as well to make sure that, when you devolve the powers and use them, there aren't actually loopholes. I'll be kind like you and talk about tax avoidance, rather than anything else. So, let's look at that and let's look at the interrelationship with national insurance as well, as the Scottish Government are calling for. Sioned Williams is right that, in the Basque Country, we see more devolution there of tax powers. In fact, even the provincial councils of Gipuzkoa and Bizkaia arguably have more formal tax powers than we have here. So, certainly we're outside of the mainstream, aren't we? Even now, even after 20 years and more of devolution in this hugely centralised UK state. And that's the core of this motion, to try to liberate ourselves from that. I'd like to say that Delyth Jewell reminded us that we need to break this negative right-wing narrative around tax and public expenditure. The Labour leadership at Westminster and more broadly is falling into a trap here, I think, in the kind of language that it's using, because ultimately, instead of talking just about tax burdens, we need to talk about tax levers, about tax tools and tax instruments, because taxation ultimately, revenue, is the means by which we actually generate the basis for public expenditure, to do everything that we do in this place for the people that we represent, and we should make that positive case. That's why we should have the powers, and that's why I was so disappointed by the response of the Government - a Government that has talked about radical federalism. There is nothing in the policy that the Minister has announced, rejecting this, that you could describe as either 'federalist' or 'radical'. There are two adjectives that I can apply to what I hear from the Minister, which are 'conservative' and 'unionist'. Where is the vision for the future - ? [ Interruption.] Well, you'll be voting with the Conservatives on this motion, won't you, in rejecting our position? Because you do not essentially accept the case that we have set out, that unless we actually have full devolution, we are not going to be able to meet the challenge that we have set ourselves in creating the kind of decent society - . And I don't see it; where is the radicalism in your constitutional vision for Wales, based on what the finance Minister has said to us?

Wel, yn sicr mae wedi bod yn ddadl ddadlennol, os braidd yn ddigalon ar ei therfyn, gyda sylwadau'r Gweinidog, ond hoffwn ddiolch i'r holl Aelodau a gyfrannodd ati. Mae Peter Fox yn ddyn rhesymol - nid wyf yn siŵr os gallaf ddweud hynny'n fwy cyffredinol, rhaid dweud - ond rwy'n credu mai'r pwynt canolog yma, Peter, yw hwn: os oes gennym y pwerau hyn, nid oes pwynt cael pwerau os ydynt yn anhygoel o anodd i'w defnyddio. Ac ar hyn o bryd, gyda chyfraddau wedi'u datganoli ond nid bandiau, mae'n golygu nad oes gennym allu mewn gwirionedd i ddefnyddio'r pwerau i'r eithaf. A dyna yw'r galw rhesymol mewn gwirionedd. A gallwch gyflwyno eich achos o ran eich dyheadau ynglŷn â sut i'w defnyddio ac fe wnawn ninnau yr un fath, ond onid dyna sut mae atebolrwydd democrataidd i fod i weithio? A dyna, yn y bôn, yw'r pwynt craidd a wnaeth fy nghyd-Aelod Luke Fletcher, fod polisi cyllidol yn hanfodol i fod yn senedd, onid yw? Mae angen inni fod yn atebol i'r cymunedau rydym i fod i'w gwasanaethu ac ar hyn o bryd, heb y pwerau llawn hyn, ni allwn wneud hynny. Rwy'n cytuno â Mike - dylwn fod wedi cymryd ymyriad nawr, Mike; rwy'n ymddiheuro. Fe gyfeirioch chi at ddatganoli anghymesur, a gadewch inni gofio bod y polisi rydym yn ceisio cael Llywodraeth Lafur i'w fabwysiadu yma yn gynnig Llafur. Drwy'r Addewid, drwy gomisiwn Smith, polisi Llafur oedd hwn, cynnig Llafur, ac eto yma yng Nghymru, gyda'r un Lywodraeth y mae'r Blaid Lafur yn ei rhedeg, maent yn ei wrthwynebu. Rwy'n credu eich bod chi'n iawn hefyd, Mike, fod yna agenda ehangach. Mae'n rhaid inni edrych ar incwm difidend, incwm o gynilion, ac yn y blaen. Rwy'n credu bod yn rhaid inni edrych ar dreth enillion cyfalaf yn ogystal i sicrhau, pan fyddwch chi'n datganoli'r pwerau ac yn eu defnyddio, nad oes bylchau mewn gwirionedd. Fe fyddaf yn garedig fel chi a siarad am osgoi treth yn hytrach nag unrhyw beth arall. Felly, gadewch inni edrych ar hynny a gadewch inni edrych ar y gydberthynas ag yswiriant gwladol hefyd, fel y mae Llywodraeth yr Alban yn galw amdano. Mae Sioned Williams yn iawn ein bod yn gweld mwy o ddatganoli pwerau trethu yng Ngwlad y Basg. Yn wir, gellid dadlau bod gan gynghorau taleithiol Gipuzkoa a Bizkaia hyd yn oed bwerau treth mwy ffurfiol nag sydd gennym ni yma. Felly, yn sicr rydym oddi allan i'r brif ffrwd, onid ydym? Hyd yn oed nawr, hyd yn oed ar ôl 20 mlynedd a mwy o ddatganoli yng ngwladwriaeth hynod ganolog y DU. A dyna graidd y cynnig hwn, ceisio rhyddhau ein hunain o hynny. Carwn ddweud bod Delyth Jewell wedi ein hatgoffa bod angen inni dorri'r naratif asgell dde negyddol ynghylch treth a gwariant cyhoeddus. Mae arweinyddiaeth Llafur yn San Steffan ac yn ehangach yn syrthio i fagl yma yn fy marn i, yn y math o iaith y mae'n ei defnyddio, oherwydd yn y pen draw, yn lle siarad am feichiau treth yn unig, mae angen inni siarad am ysgogiadau treth, am arfau treth ac offerynnau treth, oherwydd trethiant yn y pen draw, refeniw, yw'r modd y cynhyrchwn y sail ar gyfer gwariant cyhoeddus, i wneud popeth a wnawn yn y lle hwn ar gyfer y bobl a gynrychiolwn, a dylem wneud yr achos cadarnhaol hwnnw. Dyna pam y dylem gael y pwerau, a dyna pam y cefais fy siomi gymaint gan ymateb y Llywodraeth - Llywodraeth sydd wedi sôn am ffederaliaeth radical. Nid oes dim yn y polisi y mae'r Gweinidog wedi'i gyhoeddi, yn gwrthod hyn, y gallech ei ddisgrifio fel 'ffederalaidd' na 'radical'. Mae yna ddau ansoddair y gallaf eu cysylltu â'r hyn rwy'n ei glywed gan y Gweinidog, sef 'ceidwadol' ac 'unoliaethol'. Ble mae'r weledigaeth ar gyfer y dyfodol - ? [ Torri ar draws.] Wel, fe fyddwch chi'n pleidleisio gyda'r Ceidwadwyr ar y cynnig hwn, oni fyddwch, drwy wrthod ein safbwynt? Oherwydd yn y bôn nid ydych yn derbyn yr achos rydym wedi'i gyflwyno, sef oni bai ein bod yn datganoli'n llawn mewn gwirionedd, ni fyddwn yn gallu goresgyn yr her rydym wedi'i gosod i ni ein hunain i greu'r math o gymdeithas weddus - . Ac nid wyf yn ei weld; ble mae'r radicaliaeth yn eich gweledigaeth gyfansoddiadol ar gyfer Cymru, yn seiliedig ar beth mae'r Gweinidog cyllid wedi'i ddweud wrthym?

The proposal is to agree the motion without amendment. Does any Member object? [ Objection.] There are objections. We will therefore postpone voting until voting time.

Y cwestiwn yw: a ddylid derbyn y cynnig heb ei ddiwygio? A oes unrhyw Aelod yn gwrthwynebu? [ Gwrthwynebiad.] Oes, mae yna wrthwynebiad. Felly, fe wnawn ni ohirio'r bleidlais tan y cyfnod pleidleisio.

That brings us to voting time, and unless three Members wish for the bell to be rung, we will move immediately to the vote - [ Interruption.] Sorry - Adam Price?

Dyma ni'n cyrraedd y cyfnod pleidleisio nawr, ac oni bai bod tri Aelod yn gofyn i fi ganu'r gloch, yna fe wnawn ni symud yn syth i'r pleidleisio - [ Torri ar draws.] Rwyt ti'n mynd i ofyn beth, Adam Price?

Okay, I will speak very, very slowly. And so, I will move to voting time. To be honest, I need to find the correct screen too. And so, the first vote this afternoon will be on item 6, the Welsh Conservatives' debate on free ports. And I call for a vote on the motion, tabled in the name of Darren Millar. Open the vote. In favour 14, no abstentions, and 37 against. And therefore, the motion is not agreed.

Iawn, byddaf yn siarad yn araf iawn, iawn. Ac felly, byddaf yn symud ymlaen i'r cyfnod pleidleisio. A dweud y gwir, mae'n rhaid i fi ffeindio'r sgrin hefyd. Ac felly, y bleidlais gyntaf fydd ar eitem 6, sef dadl y Ceidwadwyr Cymreig ar borthlathoedd rhydd. A dwi'n galw am bleidlais ar y cynnig a gyflwynwyd yn enw Darren Millar. Agor y bleidlais. O blaid y cynnig 14, neb yn ymatal, 37 yn erbyn. Ac felly mae'r cynnig wedi'i wrthod.

We'll now move to amendment 1. I call for a vote on amendment 1, tabled in the name of Siân Gwenllian. If amendment 1 is agreed, amendment 2 will be deselected. Open the vote on amendment 1. Close the vote. In favour 11, no abstentions, 40 against. And therefore, amendment 1 is not agreed.

Gwelliant 1 fydd nesaf, a dwi'n galw am bleidlais ar welliant 1 a gyflwynwyd yn enw Siân Gwenllian. Os derbynnir gwelliant 1, bydd gwelliant 2 yn cael ei ddad-ddethol. Agor y bleidlais ar welliant 1. Cau'r bleidlais. O blaid 11, neb yn ymatal, 40 yn erbyn. Ac felly, mae gwelliant 1 wedi ei wrthod.

We'll move now to amendment 2, tabled in the name of Lesley Griffiths. Open the vote. Close the vote. In favour 27, no abstentions, 24 against. And therefore, amendment 2 is agreed.

Gwelliant 2 sydd nesaf - gwelliant 2 yn enw Lesley Griffiths. Agor y bleidlais. Cau'r bleidlais. O blaid 27, neb yn ymatal, 24 yn erbyn. Ac felly, mae gwelliant 2 wedi ei dderbyn.

The motion as amended.

Y cynnig wedi ei ddiwygio.

I now call for a vote on the motion as amended. Open the vote. Close the vote. In favour 41, no abstentions, 10 against. The motion as amended is agreed.

Galw am bleidlais ar y cynnig wedi ei ddiwygio. Agor y bleidlais. Cau'r bleidlais. O blaid 41, neb yn ymatal, 10 yn erbyn. Mae'r cynnig wedi ei ddiwygio wedi ei dderbyn.

The next set of votes is on item 7, the Plaid Cymru debate on income tax devolution. I call for a vote on the motion, tabled in the name of Siân Gwenllian. Open the vote. Close the vote. In favour 11, no abstentions, 40 against. The motion is therefore not agreed.

Mae'r gyfres o bleidleisiau nesaf ar eitem 7 ar ddadl Plaid Cymru ar ddatganoli treth incwm. Dwi'n galw am bleidlais ar y cynnig a gyflwynwyd yn enw Siân Gwenllian. Agor y bleidlais. Cau'r bleidlais. O blaid 11, neb yn ymatal, 40 yn erbyn. Y cynnig wedi ei wrthod, felly.

We'll now move to amendment 1 in the name of Lesley Griffiths. Open the vote. Close the vote. In favour 26, no abstentions, 25 against. And therefore, amendment 1 is agreed.

Gwelliant 1 yn enw Lesley Griffiths. Agor y bleidlais ar welliant 1. Cau'r bleidlais. O blaid 26, neb yn ymatal, 25 yn erbyn. Ac felly, mae gwelliant 1 wedi ei dderbyn.

I now call for a vote on the motion as amended.

Y cynnig wedi ei ddiwygio yw'r bleidlais olaf, felly.

Open the vote. Close the vote. In favour 26, no abstentions, 25 against. And therefore, the motion as amended is agreed.

Agor y bleidlais. Cau'r bleidlais. O blaid 26, neb yn ymatal, 25 yn erbyn. Felly mae'r cynnig wedi ei ddiwygio wedi ei dderbyn.

That concludes voting time.

Dyna ddiwedd ar y pleidleisio.

But we do have another item this afternoon, which is the short debate, which is now to be presented.

Ond nid dyna ddiwedd ar ein gwaith ni y prynhawn yma, gan fod y ddadl fer nawr yn mynd i gael ei chyflwyno.

Diolch, Llywydd. I give a minute of my time to Mike Hedges and Rhun ap Iorwerth as well. We currently face extreme pressures on our NHS, our health, and our economy, and our response to this extreme pressure must also provide long-term solutions that improve the lives of people in Wales. Along with myself as chair, David Rees, Altaf Hussain, Jayne Bryant, Mike Hedges and Sioned Williams are all Members of the cross-party group on medical research. We launched an inquiry back in 2021 to establish the benefits of medical research to Wales. The cross-party group is due to publish its report this autumn, but our findings up until now outline the very real and tangible short-, medium- and long-term benefits of a thriving medical research environment. This view is supported by the people of Wales. According to the British Heart Foundation Cymru, an overwhelming majority of 82 per cent of the people of Wales believe that it is important for medical research to happen here. So far, we've taken evidence from clinicians, patients, economists, researchers, funders and industry and we've heard unequivocally that medical research has enormous benefits for the Welsh economy, Welsh patients and the Welsh NHS. On the economic benefits, the cross-party group heard evidence from the Fraser of Allander Institute at the University of Strathclyde and the British Heart Foundation Cymru. Both contributions provided significant evidence that medical research is a vital part of the Welsh economy. Those recipients of research funding purchase goods and services in order to undertake the research and this generates activity in the supply chain and across the whole of the Welsh economy. Medical research can boost output and productivity in the economy, with new technologies, medicines and processes, and as new methods and technologies are discovered, there are knowledge spillovers into the public, private and third sectors, which further boosts productivity and the economic growth. Economic modelling commissioned by the British Heart Foundation shows that charity-funded medical research alone supports £86 million in output and £55 million in gross value added, and 950 full-time equivalent Welsh jobs. Most of these 950 jobs are high quality and high-paid roles. The Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry stressed to the cross-party group that increasing investment in science will help provide high-quality jobs that would drive the future of the Welsh economy. Taking evidence from patients, clinicians and researchers, the cross-party group has seen first-hand the huge benefits that medical research can provide to patients. Breakthroughs in medical research generate improvements in preventing, diagnosing and treating conditions, improving patient experience, quality of life, and medical outcomes. Patients in Wales benefit every day from medical breakthroughs that happen all round the world, but there is also a huge benefit to patients if medical research happens right here in Wales. The cross-party group heard that patients who participate in clinical trials receive the best standard of care, and because of strict regulations in clinical trials, these patients are more likely to have a better experience, better treatment and better outcomes than patients who do not participate in clinical trials. For example, in motor neurone disease, there are UK-wide developments, and the Welsh Government, I think, must make sure that patients in Wales have access to those clinical trials. Patients and clinicians also highlighted evidence to the cross-party group that patients who attend a hospital with a positive research environment have a better outcome. There may be many reasons, of course, for this, but the cross-party group has considered that research-active hospitals may have greater knowledge and more developed infrastructure. Research-active hospitals may find it easier to implement evidence-based practice and innovative procedures, and this culture of innovation may also enable research-active hospitals to implement and follow up-to-date clinical guidance, providing the very best care for patients. This capacity for change and innovation is absolutely crucial if our NHS is to recover from the extreme pressures felt across the service currently. Medical research provides endless opportunities for cost savings in the NHS, as well as driving innovation and streamlining practices. The cross-party group heard from the pharmaceutical industry that each patient participating in a clinical trial represents a £9,000 saving to the NHS. That's £9,000 per patient. I can see the Minister looking at that with perhaps a smile on her face. But one of the biggest problems facing our NHS is, of course, the recruitment, retention and support of NHS staff. The cross-party group has seen evidence that a thriving medical research environment is absolutely crucial to any workforce planning. From an evidence session with the Royal College of Physicians and clinicians, the cross-party group heard that that the opportunity to engage in medical research is important to clinicians' careers. Clinicians reported that engaging in medical research supports their career development, their morale and, therefore, their ability to care for their patients. Providing this opportunity to clinicians would not only support staff retention, but might even improve recruitment, by making the Welsh NHS a more attractive place to work, and this would bring more expertise into Wales and start to fill crucial vacancies across the health service. The Royal College of Nursing found that in Wales there were two and a half times as many applications per post when an academic component was advertised with the role. A report commissioned by the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry shows huge benefits that could be released across the UK and Wales if life sciences visions were fully implemented. According to the report, the NHS would generate an additional £165 million in revenue and £32 million in cost savings per year if recruitment to UK industry trials rose on a par with Spain, for example. The UK would generate £68 billion in additional GDP over the next 30 years if the UK pharmaceutical industry's spending on research and development rose on a par with the US. I accept that the Welsh Government has consulted on its draft innovation strategy, but this must be backed up by capital and ambitious leadership if we're to really feel the benefits of medical research. My thanks to the many organisations who helped in terms of contributing to this short debate today, and particularly to the British Heart Foundation Cymru and Gemma Roberts. Thank you very much. Diolch yn fawr.

Diolch, Lywydd. Rwy'n rhoi munud o fy amser i Mike Hedges a Rhun ap Iorwerth hefyd. Ar hyn o bryd rydym yn wynebu pwysau eithafol ar ein GIG, ein hiechyd, a'n heconomi, ac mae'n rhaid i'n hymateb i'r pwysau eithafol hwn ddarparu atebion hirdymor hefyd sy'n gwella bywydau pobl yng Nghymru. Yn ogystal â minnau fel cadeirydd, mae David Rees, Altaf Hussain, Jayne Bryant, Mike Hedges a Sioned Williams oll yn aelodau o'r grŵp trawsbleidiol ar ymchwil feddygol. Lansiwyd ein hymchwiliad yn ôl yn 2021 i sefydlu manteision ymchwil feddygol i Gymru. Mae disgwyl i'r grŵp trawsbleidiol gyhoeddi ei adroddiad yr hydref hwn, ond mae ein canfyddiadau hyd yma yn amlinellu manteision real amgylchedd ymchwil feddygol ffyniannus yn y tymor byr, canolig a hir. Mae'r farn hon wedi ei chefnogi gan bobl Cymru. Yn ôl Sefydliad Prydeinig y Galon Cymru, mae mwyafrif llethol o 82 y cant o bobl Cymru yn credu ei bod yn bwysig i ymchwil feddygol ddigwydd yma. Hyd yn hyn, rydym wedi clywed tystiolaeth gan glinigwyr, cleifion, economegwyr, ymchwilwyr, cyllidwyr a diwydiant ac rydym wedi clywed yn ddigamsyniol fod ymchwil feddygol yn arwain at fanteision enfawr i economi Cymru, cleifion yng Nghymru a GIG Cymru. Ar y manteision economaidd, clywodd y grŵp trawsbleidiol dystiolaeth gan Sefydliad Fraser of Allander ym Mhrifysgol Strathclyde a Sefydliad Prydeinig y Galon Cymru. Rhoddodd y ddau gyfraniad dystiolaeth sylweddol fod ymchwil feddygol yn rhan hanfodol o economi Cymru. Mae'r rhai sy'n derbyn arian ymchwil yn prynu nwyddau a gwasanaethau er mwyn cyflawni'r ymchwil ac mae hyn yn creu gweithgarwch yn y gadwyn gyflenwi ac ar draws economi Cymru gyfan. Gall ymchwil feddygol hybu allbwn a chynhyrchiant yn yr economi, gyda thechnolegau, meddyginiaethau a phrosesau newydd, ac wrth i ddulliau a thechnolegau newydd gael eu darganfod, mae gwybodaeth yn lledaenu i'r sector cyhoeddus, y sector preifat a'r trydydd sector, gan hybu cynhyrchiant a'r twf economaidd ymhellach. Mae modelu economaidd a gomisiynwyd gan Sefydliad Prydeinig y Galon yn dangos bod ymchwil feddygol a ariennir gan elusennau'n unig yn cyfrannu £86 miliwn mewn allbwn a £55 miliwn mewn gwerth ychwanegol gros, a 950 o swyddi cyfwerth ag amser llawn yng Nghymru. Mae'r rhan fwyaf o'r 950 o swyddi hyn yn rolau o ansawdd uchel ar gyflogau uchel. Pwysleisiodd Cymdeithas Diwydiant Fferyllol Prydain wrth y grŵp trawsbleidiol y bydd cynyddu buddsoddiad mewn gwyddoniaeth yn helpu i ddarparu swyddi o ansawdd uchel a fyddai'n sbarduno dyfodol economi Cymru. Wrth gymryd tystiolaeth gan gleifion, clinigwyr ac ymchwilwyr, mae'r grŵp trawsbleidiol wedi gweld o lygad y ffynnon y manteision enfawr y gall ymchwil feddygol eu darparu i gleifion. Mae datblygiadau arloesol mewn ymchwil feddygol yn creu gwelliannau mewn perthynas ag atal, diagnosis a thrin cyflyrau, gan wella profiad cleifion, ansawdd bywyd a chanlyniadau meddygol. Mae cleifion Cymru'n elwa bob dydd o ddatblygiadau meddygol sy'n digwydd ym mhob cwr o'r byd, ond mae budd enfawr i gleifion hefyd os yw ymchwil feddygol yn digwydd yma yng Nghymru. Clywodd y grŵp trawsbleidiol fod cleifion sy'n cymryd rhan mewn treialon clinigol yn cael gofal o'r safon uchaf, ac oherwydd rheoliadau llym mewn treialon clinigol, mae'r cleifion hyn yn fwy tebygol o gael profiad gwell, triniaeth well a gwell canlyniadau na chleifion nad ydynt yn cymryd rhan mewn treialon clinigol. Er enghraifft, ceir datblygiadau ym maes clefyd niwronau motor ar draws y DU gyfan, ac rwy'n credu bod rhaid i Lywodraeth Cymru sicrhau bod cleifion yng Nghymru yn cael mynediad at y treialon clinigol hynny. Fe wnaeth cleifion a chlinigwyr dynnu sylw hefyd at dystiolaeth i'r grŵp trawsbleidiol fod cleifion sy'n mynd i ysbyty gydag amgylchedd ymchwil cadarnhaol yn cael gwell canlyniad. Gallai fod sawl rheswm am hyn wrth gwrs, ond mae'r grŵp trawsbleidiol wedi ystyried y gallai ysbytai sy'n weithredol ym maes ymchwil fod â mwy o wybodaeth a seilwaith mwy datblygedig. Efallai y bydd ysbytai sy'n weithredol ym maes ymchwil yn ei chael hi'n haws gweithredu arferion sy'n seiliedig ar dystiolaeth a gweithdrefnau arloesol, a gall diwylliant arloesi o'r fath alluogi ysbytai sy'n weithredol ym maes ymchwil i weithredu a dilyn y canllawiau clinigol diweddaraf, gan ddarparu'r gofal gorau i gleifion. Mae'r gallu hwn i newid ac arloesi yn gwbl hanfodol os yw ein GIG i ymadfer o'r pwysau eithafol a deimlir ar draws y gwasanaeth ar hyn o bryd. Mae ymchwil feddygol yn darparu cyfleoedd diddiwedd ar gyfer arbed costau yn y GIG, yn ogystal â gyrru arloesedd ac arferion symleiddio. Clywodd y grŵp trawsbleidiol gan y diwydiant fferyllol fod pob claf sy'n cymryd rhan mewn treial clinigol yn cynrychioli arbediad o £9,000 i'r GIG. Dyna £9,000 y claf. Gallaf weld y Gweinidog yn edrych ar hynny gyda gwên ar ei hwyneb efallai. Ond un o'r problemau mwyaf sy'n wynebu ein GIG, wrth gwrs, yw recriwtio, cadw a chefnogi staff y GIG. Mae'r grŵp trawsbleidiol wedi gweld tystiolaeth fod amgylchedd ymchwil feddygol ffyniannus yn gwbl hanfodol i unrhyw gynlluniau ar gyfer y gweithlu. O sesiwn dystiolaeth gyda Choleg Brenhinol y Meddygon a chlinigwyr, clywodd y grŵp trawsbleidiol fod y cyfle i gymryd rhan mewn ymchwil feddygol yn bwysig i yrfaoedd clinigwyr. Dywedodd clinigwyr fod cymryd rhan mewn ymchwil feddygol yn cefnogi eu datblygiad gyrfaol, eu morâl ac felly, eu gallu i ofalu am eu cleifion. Byddai darparu'r cyfle hwn i glinigwyr nid yn unig yn cefnogi cadw staff, ond gallai wella ymgyrchoedd recriwtio hyd yn oed, drwy wneud GIG Cymru yn lle mwy deniadol i weithio, a byddai hyn yn dod â mwy o arbenigedd i mewn i Gymru ac yn dechrau llenwi swyddi gwag hanfodol ar draws y gwasanaeth iechyd. Yn ôl y Coleg Nyrsio Brenhinol, roedd dwywaith a hanner cymaint o geisiadau am bob swydd yng Nghymru pan hysbysebwyd elfen academaidd gyda'r swydd. Dengys adroddiad a gafodd ei gomisiynu gan Gymdeithas Diwydiant Fferyllol Prydain fanteision enfawr a allai gael eu rhyddhau ledled y DU a Chymru pe bai'r weledigaeth ar gyfer gwyddorau bywyd yn cael ei gweithredu'n llawn. Yn ôl yr adroddiad, byddai'r GIG yn cynhyrchu £165 miliwn ychwanegol y flwyddyn mewn refeniw a £32 miliwn mewn arbedion cost pe bai lefelau recriwtio i dreialon diwydiant yn y DU yn codi ar yr un lefel â Sbaen, er enghraifft. Byddai'r DU yn creu £68 biliwn mewn cynnyrch domestig gros ychwanegol dros y 30 mlynedd nesaf pe bai gwariant diwydiant fferyllol y DU ar ymchwil a datblygu yn codi ar yr un lefel â'r Unol Daleithiau. Rwy'n derbyn bod Llywodraeth Cymru wedi ymgynghori ar ei strategaeth arloesi ddrafft, ond mae'n rhaid cael cyfalaf ac arweinyddiaeth uchelgeisiol i gefnogi hyn os ydym am deimlo manteision ymchwil feddygol mewn gwirionedd. Diolch i'r llu o sefydliadau a gynorthwyodd drwy gyfrannu at y ddadl fer hon heddiw, ac yn enwedig i Sefydliad Prydeinig y Galon Cymru a Gemma Roberts. Diolch yn fawr iawn.

Can I thank Russ George for giving me a minute in this debate, but, more importantly, thank him for bringing this debate into the Chamber and putting forward a lot of ideas that I fully support? I want to continue the point made by Russ on the economic importance of medical research. Medical research has the advantage of being able to be carried out anywhere; you do not have to be in London and the south-east, you can be anywhere. It benefits from university involvement, and we are fortunate in Wales to have excellent universities. We need to support medical research at our universities and benefit from what they produce. A major growth area in the world economy is life science. This has got to be a priority. It's meant to be a priority of the Welsh Government's, but it really does have to play a more important part. Universities can play a key role in developing further the Welsh life science industry. Unlike other parts of the UK, the activity and investment isn't concentrated in just one wealthy area or region. The growth of the life science sector in Wales spans the length and breadth of the country, from harvesting jellyfish collagen in the west to the foundation of cutting-edge infantile prosthetics in the north. It really is important that we make the most of it.

A gaf fi ddiolch i Russ George am roi munud i mi yn y ddadl hon, ond yn bwysicach fyth, diolch iddo am ddod â'r ddadl hon i'r Siambr a chyflwyno llawer o syniadau rwy'n eu cefnogi'n llawn? Rwyf am barhau â'r pwynt a wnaeth Russ am bwysigrwydd economaidd ymchwil feddygol. Mae gan ymchwil feddygol fantais o allu cael ei chyflawni yn unrhyw le; nid oes raid ichi fod yn Llundain a de-ddwyrain Lloegr, gallwch fod yn unrhyw le. Mae'n elwa o ymwneud prifysgolion, ac rydym yn ffodus yng Nghymru fod gennym brifysgolion rhagorol. Mae angen inni gefnogi ymchwil feddygol yn ein prifysgolion ac elwa o'r hyn y maent yn ei gynhyrchu. Maes twf mawr yn yr economi fyd-eang yw gwyddorau bywyd. Mae'n rhaid i hyn fod yn flaenoriaeth. Maent i fod yn flaenoriaeth i Lywodraeth Cymru, ond mae'n rhaid iddynt chwarae rhan bwysicach. Gall prifysgolion chwarae rhan allweddol yn datblygu diwydiant gwyddorau bywyd Cymru ymhellach. Yn wahanol i rannau eraill o'r DU, nid yw'r gweithgaredd a'r buddsoddiad wedi'i ganoli mewn un ardal neu ranbarth cyfoethog yn unig. Mae twf y sector gwyddorau bywyd yng Nghymru yn rhychwantu hyd a lled y wlad, o gynaeafu colagen sglefrod môr yn y gorllewin i sefydlu prostheteg babanod arloesol yn y gogledd. Mae'n hynod bwysig ein bod yn gwneud y gorau ohono.

May I thank Russell George for bringing forward this short debate at the Senedd today? I just want to echo the comments that have been made already about the benefit that can come to us in so many ways in developing medical trials in Wales. The benefits come to patients, clearly, because the closer patients are to where trials are taking place the greater the chance that they can become part of those trials, and there are clear opportunities in terms of health that emanate from that. It is a way of strengthening our workforce. People want to work where the most innovative work is being done, be that research staff, scientific staff and clinical staff too. There are clear economic benefits in developing the life sciences sector, which has firm foundations in Wales but has significant room for growth. Tying the industry, with that commercial element, with the need to promote research within our universities is something that I hope that we can all, as Members of the Senedd here, be supportive of. Once again, I'm very grateful that this issue has been raised before us today.

Gaf innau ddiolch i Russell George am ddod â'r ddadl fer yma i'r Senedd heddiw? Dwi ond eisiau ategu'r sylwadau sydd wedi cael eu gwneud yn barod ynglŷn â'r budd sy'n gallu dod i ni mewn gymaint o wahanol ffyrdd o ddatblygu treialon meddygol yng Nghymru. Mae'r budd yn dod i gleifion, yn amlwg, achos yr agosaf ydy cleifion at lle mae treialon yn cael eu gyrru, y mwyaf o siawns ydy hi eu bod nhw'n gallu bod yn rhan o'r treialon, ac mae yna gyfleon amlwg o ran iechyd yn dod o hynny. Mae o'n ffordd o gryfhau ein gweithlu. Mae pobl eisiau gweithio lle mae'r gwaith mwyaf arloesol yn digwydd, boed hynny'n staff ymchwil, gwyddonol ac yn staff clinigol hefyd. Mae yna fanteision economaidd amlwg o ddatblygu'r sector gwyddorau bywyd, sydd â seiliau cadarn yng Nghymru ond sydd â lle sylweddol i dyfu. Mae clymu'r diwydiant, efo elfen fasnachol, i mewn efo'r angen i hybu ymchwil o fewn ein prifysgolion ni yn rhywbeth dwi'n gobeithio y gallwn ni i gyd fel Aelodau'r Senedd yma fod yn gwbl y tu ôl iddo fo. Unwaith eto, dwi'n ddiolchgar iawn bod y mater yma wedi dod o'n blaenau ni heddiw.

Thank you very much. First of all, I want to thank Russell George for bringing this important issue to the Chamber.

Diolch yn fawr. Yn gyntaf, dwi eisiau diolch i Russell George am ddod a'r mater pwysig yma i'r Siambr.

The medical research landscape is broad, from funding pre-clinical laboratory research to the more applied clinical research that takes place in the NHS. My responsibilities are focused on more applied medical research, which I think makes a vital contribution to treatment, development and evaluation, service organisation and delivery, and, crucially, outcomes for patients. I'm aware of the work of the cross-party group on medical research, which I know, Russell, you chair, and I'm looking forward very much to seeing your new report, because I know that the recommendations in previous reports have been very useful to us. As Minister for Health and Social Services, the funding I provide through Health and Care Research Wales makes a huge difference to the medical research landscape. I'm pleased to say that, last year, I agreed an additional recurring £5 million increase to the Health and Care Research Wales budget. This will be used to support the implementation of the Wales cancer research strategy, to create a new adult social care research centre, and to fund an evidence centre that will identify and answer questions of urgent importance to policy and practice. It will also be used to offer new personal award schemes to support capacity building in the NHS and social care sectors, which will enhance our commissioned research programme and support new models for clinical research delivery. This new investment complements the £42 million we spend annually on our Wales-wide health and care research infrastructure, which includes funding for the NHS research workforce, our research centres and units, our research funding schemes, and our partnership working. But everyone understands the challenges of the current financial environment. I'm afraid that the situation is being exacerbated by the UK Government's approach to the UK shared prosperity fund, which replaces EU funding, which means Wales as a whole is worse off, coupled of course with the uncertainty over future access to the EU funding programme Horizon Europe. I am concerned that delays in associating with the Horizon programme, if we ever do so, are also compromising our international research collaborations on medical research. In many ways, the financial climate underlines the importance of collaboration. We do collaborate and have partnerships with many organisations. For example, we're a part of the Medical Research Council-administered Health Data Research UK initative, and the UK Prevention Research Partnership, all of which are cross-fund alliances. We co-fund the Cardiff Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre with Cancer Research UK, which enables patient access to early stage clinical trials, and translation of scientific discoveries into new cancer treatments. We have active partnerships that fund specific research programmes with the Scar Free Foundation and Fight for Sight. We participate in a range of UK research funding programmes run by the National Institute for Health and Care Research in England, which provides Welsh researchers with access to large multimillion-pound funding streams across the health research spectrum. We can't, however, achieve success without having a nurturing research environment for health and social care professionals. Staff who are evidence driven are more likely to use innovation and improvement to develop ways of working that drive change, transformation and patient benefit. Research careers are therefore highly rewarding, and organisations that are research-active have a stronger ability to attract the best staff and retain them. And that's why, last year, Health and Care Research Wales, Social Care Wales and Health Education and Improvement Wales initiated a joint review of research career and training pathways, which set out recommendations in the 'Making research careers work: a review of career pathways in health and social care' report. We have right here in Wales new treatment options through participation in research, which can be especially important for conditions where all other options have been exhausted. There are over 500 studies taking place in the Welsh NHS that are currently accessible to our population, covering conditions such as motor neurone disease, long COVID, asthma, cancer and diabetes. We're also seeing huge advancements in areas such as genomics, brain imaging and advanced therapies, which are key to discovering future treatments. But we all recognise that NHS services are under unprecedented pressures and undertaking research is challenging. We've seen the impact of the pandemic, coupled with workforce pressures, having a real effect on the research capacity in the NHS. Investing in our dedicated research delivery workforce and awarding NHS research time awards through the faculty has, therefore, never been more important. Later this spring, a refreshed NHS research and development framework, which has been co-produced with the NHS, will be published, outlining what a high-performing, research-active NHS organisation looks like, and we also need to capitalise on our strengths in health data, creating a new digital infrastructure, to make study delivery faster and more efficient. Before I sum up, I want to focus on the real difference that research can make to the lives of people, patients and communities. We've seen, particularly at the height of the pandemic, how crucial good research is in helping to deliver patient care, treatment and, of course, vaccines. Wales is leading in areas of research development, which has a real impact not only on Welsh patients, but across the UK.

Mae'r dirwedd ymchwil feddygol yn eang, o ariannu ymchwil labordy cyn-glinigol i'r ymchwil glinigol fwy cymhwysol sy'n digwydd yn y GIG. Mae fy nghyfrifoldebau yn canolbwyntio ar ymchwil feddygol fwy cymhwysol, sydd, yn fy marn i, yn gwneud cyfraniad hanfodol i drin, datblygu a gwerthuso, i drefnu a darparu gwasanaethau, ac yn hollbwysig, i ganlyniadau cleifion. Rwy'n ymwybodol o waith y grŵp trawsbleidiol ar ymchwil feddygol a gadeirir gennych, Russell, ac rwy'n edrych ymlaen yn fawr at weld eich adroddiad newydd, oherwydd rwy'n gwybod bod yr argymhellion mewn adroddiadau blaenorol wedi bod yn ddefnyddiol iawn i ni. Fel Gweinidog Iechyd a Gwasanaethau Cymdeithasol, mae'r cyllid rwy'n ei ddarparu drwy Ymchwil Iechyd a Gofal Cymru yn gwneud gwahaniaeth enfawr i'r dirwedd ymchwil feddygol. Rwy'n falch o ddweud fy mod, y llynedd, wedi cytuno ar gynnydd ychwanegol rheolaidd o £5 miliwn i gyllideb Ymchwil Iechyd a Gofal Cymru. Fe'i defnyddir i gefnogi gweithrediad strategaeth ymchwil canser Cymru, i greu canolfan ymchwil newydd ar gyfer gofal cymdeithasol i oedolion, ac i ariannu canolfan dystiolaeth a fydd yn nodi ac yn ateb cwestiynau o bwys mawr i bolisi ac ymarfer. Fe'i defnyddir hefyd i gynnig cynlluniau gwobrau personol newydd i gefnogi meithrin capasiti yn y GIG a'r sectorau gofal cymdeithasol, a fydd yn gwella ein rhaglen gomisiynu ymchwil ac yn cefnogi modelau newydd ar gyfer cyflawni ymchwil glinigol. Mae'r buddsoddiad newydd hwn yn ategu'r £42 miliwn a werir gennym yn flynyddol ar ein seilwaith ymchwil iechyd a gofal ledled Cymru, sy'n cynnwys cyllid ar gyfer gweithlu ymchwil y GIG, ein canolfannau a'n hunedau ymchwil, ein cynlluniau cyllido ymchwil, a'n gwaith partneriaeth. Ond mae pawb yn deall heriau'r amgylchedd ariannol presennol. Rwy'n ofni bod y sefyllfa'n cael ei gwaethygu gan agwedd Llywodraeth y DU tuag at gronfa ffyniant gyffredin y DU, sy'n cymryd lle cyllid yr UE, sy'n golygu bod Cymru gyfan yn waeth ei byd, ynghyd â'r ansicrwydd ynghylch mynediad at raglen ariannu'r UE, Horizon Europe, yn y dyfodol. Rwy'n pryderu hefyd fod oedi cyn cysylltu â rhaglen Horizon, os gwnawn hynny byth, yn peryglu ein gwaith ymchwil rhyngwladol ar y cyd ar ymchwil feddygol. Mewn sawl ffordd, mae'r hinsawdd ariannol yn tanlinellu pwysigrwydd cydweithio. Rydym yn cydweithio ac mae gennym bartneriaethau gyda llawer o sefydliadau. Er enghraifft, rydym yn rhan o fenter Ymchwil Data Iechyd y DU a weinyddir gan y Cyngor Ymchwil Feddygol, a Phartneriaeth Ymchwil Atal y DU, ac maent yn gynghreiriau traws-gronfa. Rydym yn cyd-ariannu Canolfan Meddygaeth Canser Arbrofol Caerdydd gydag Ymchwil Canser y DU, sy'n galluogi cleifion i gael mynediad at dreialon clinigol cyfnod cynnar, ac yn trosi darganfyddiadau gwyddonol yn driniaethau canser newydd. Mae gennym bartneriaethau gweithredol sy'n ariannu rhaglenni ymchwil penodol gyda Scar Free Foundation a Fight for Sight. Rydym yn cymryd rhan mewn amrywiaeth o raglenni ariannu ymchwil yn y DU a weithredir gan y Sefydliad Cenedlaethol ar gyfer Ymchwil Iechyd a Gofal Cymdeithasol yn Lloegr, sy'n rhoi mynediad i ymchwilwyr Cymreig at ffrydiau ariannu mawr gwerth miliynau o bunnoedd ar draws y sbectrwm ymchwil iechyd. Fodd bynnag, ni allwn sicrhau llwyddiant heb gael amgylchedd ymchwil meithringar ar gyfer gweithwyr iechyd a gofal cymdeithasol proffesiynol. Mae staff sy'n cael eu hysgogi gan dystiolaeth yn fwy tebygol o ddefnyddio arloesedd a gwelliant i ddatblygu ffyrdd o weithio sy'n sbarduno newid a budd i gleifion. Felly, mae gyrfaoedd ymchwil yn rhoi boddhad mawr, ac mae gan sefydliadau sy'n weithgar ym maes ymchwil allu cryfach i ddenu'r staff gorau a'u cadw. A dyna pam, y llynedd, y gwnaeth Ymchwil Iechyd a Gofal Cymru, Gofal Cymdeithasol Cymru ac Addysg a Gwella Iechyd Cymru ddechrau adolygiad ar y cyd o lwybrau gyrfa a hyfforddiant ymchwil a nododd argymhellion yn yr adroddiad, 'Hyrwyddo gyrfaoedd mewn ymchwil: adolygiad o gyfleoedd ar gyfer gyrfaoedd mewn iechyd a gofal cymdeithasol'. Mae gennym opsiynau triniaeth newydd yma yng Nghymru drwy gymryd rhan mewn ymchwil, a all fod yn arbennig o bwysig ar gyfer cyflyrau lle nad oes unrhyw opsiwn arall wedi gweithio. Mae dros 500 o astudiaethau'n digwydd yn y GIG yng Nghymru sy'n hygyrch i'n poblogaeth ar hyn o bryd, gan gynnwys cyflyrau megis clefyd niwronau motor, COVID hir, asthma, canser a diabetes. Rydym hefyd yn gweld datblygiadau enfawr mewn meysydd fel genomeg, delweddu'r ymennydd a therapïau datblygedig, sy'n allweddol i ddarganfod triniaethau yn y dyfodol. Ond rydym i gyd yn cydnabod bod gwasanaethau'r GIG o dan bwysau digynsail ac mae ymgymryd ag ymchwil yn heriol. Rydym wedi gweld effaith y pandemig, ynghyd â phwysau ar y gweithlu, yn cael effaith wirioneddol ar gapasiti ymchwil yn y GIG. O'r herwydd, ni fu erioed adeg bwysicach i fuddsoddi yn ein gweithlu cyflawni ymchwil penodedig a rhoi dyfarniadau amser ymchwil y GIG drwy'r gyfadran. Yn ddiweddarach y gwanwyn hwn, bydd fframwaith ymchwil a datblygu'r GIG, sydd wedi'i gydgynhyrchu gyda'r GIG, yn cael ei gyhoeddi ar ei newydd wedd, i ddisgrifio sut beth yw sefydliad GIG sy'n perfformio ar lefel uchel ac sy'n weithredol ym maes ymchwil, ac mae angen inni fanteisio hefyd ar ein cryfderau mewn data iechyd, gan greu seilwaith digidol newydd, i gyflymu'r ddarpariaeth astudio a'i gwneud yn fwy effeithlon. Cyn i mi grynhoi, rwyf am ganolbwyntio ar y gwahaniaeth gwirioneddol y gall ymchwil ei wneud i fywydau pobl, cleifion a chymunedau. Rydym wedi gweld, yn enwedig pan oedd y pandemig ar ei anterth, pa mor hanfodol yw gwaith ymchwil da i helpu i ddarparu gofal cleifion, triniaeth a brechlynnau wrth gwrs. Mae Cymru'n arwain mewn meysydd datblygu ymchwil, sy'n cael effaith wirioneddol nid yn unig ar gleifion Cymru, ond ar draws y DU.

One of the main diseases affecting people in Wales, namely cancer, has also had key research success. Our researchers recruited over 1,000 volunteers to the SYMPLIFY process, which was a crucial, new early identification test for multiple cancers, which can identify over 50 cancers. In addition, the FAKTION clinical trial on breast cancer, which is also Welsh-based, has also had success in slowing the growth of tumours and extending patient life.

Mae un o'r prif glefydau sy'n effeitihio'r boblogaeth yng Nghymru, sef canser, hefyd wedi cael llwyddiant ymchwil allweddol. Recriwtiodd ein hymchwilwyr dros 1,000 o gyfranogwyr i'r astudiaeth SYMPLIFY - prosiect hollbwysig oedd yn gwerthuso prawf canfod cynnar aml-ganser newydd, sy'n gallu canfod dros 50 math o ganser. Yn ogystal, mae treial clinigol canser y frest, o'r enw FAKTION, sydd hefyd yn hannu o Gymru, wedi profi llwyddiant mewn arafu tyfiant tiwmor ac ymestyn bywyd y claf.

Finally, I want to mention that strong public involvement in research, design and delivery improves the quality and relevance of research, helping to ensure that research delivers public benefit and addresses public need, and this is something that I know is at the heart of Health and Care Research Wales activities. Diolch yn fawr.

Yn olaf, rwyf am sôn bod cyfranogiad cryf gan y cyhoedd wrth gynllunio a darparu ymchwil yn gwella ansawdd a pherthnasedd ymchwil, gan helpu i sicrhau bod ymchwil yn darparu budd i'r cyhoedd ac yn mynd i'r afael ag anghenion y cyhoedd, ac mae hyn yn rhywbeth y gwn ei fod yn ganolog i weithgareddau Ymchwil Iechyd a Gofal Cymru. Diolch yn fawr.

Thank you very much, everyone. That brings today's proceedings to a close.

Diolch yn fawr, bawb. Daw hynny â thrafodion heddiw i ben.

Good morning and welcome to you all to this meeting of the Climate Change, Environment and Infrastructure Committee at the Welsh Parliament. A warm welcome to Members. Of course, we are holding this meeting in hybrid format, and, aside from the adaptations relating to conducting proceedings in hybrid format, all other Standing Order requirements remain in place. The public items of this meeting are being broadcast, as per usual, on Senedd.tv, and, of course, the Record of Proceedings will be published as usual. The meeting is being held in bilingual format and simultaneous interpretation is available from Welsh to English. Before we proceed, may I ask if any Members have any declarations of interest? No. Thank you.

Bore da, a chroeso i chi i gyd i gyfarfod y Pwyllgor Newid Hinsawdd, Amgylchedd a Seilwaith Senedd Cymru. Croeso i Aelodau. Rydyn ni, wrth gwrs, yn cynnal y cyfarfod yma mewn fformat hybrid, ac, ar wahân i addasiadau sy'n ymwneud â chynnal y trafodion ar ffurf hybrid, mae'r holl ofynion eraill o ran Rheolau Sefydlog yn parhau. Mae eitemau cyhoeddus y cyfarfod yma yn cael eu darlledu, fel yr arfer, ar Senedd.tv, a, hefyd yn ôl yr arfer, mi fydd Cofnod y Trafodion yn cael ei gyhoeddi. Mae'n gyfarfod dwyieithog, felly, fel rŷch chi'n gwybod, mae yna gyfieithu ar y pryd ar gael o'r Gymraeg i'r Saesneg. Cyn i ni fwrw iddi, gaf i ofyn os oes gan unrhyw Aelodau unrhyw fuddiannau i'w datgan? Nac oes. Diolch yn fawr iawn.

Okay, we can move on, therefore, to our next item, which is our first evidence session on Net Zero Wales and carbon budgets. I'm delighted to welcome our witnesses this morning, Lord Deben, the chair of the Climate Change Committee - a warm welcome to you - and joining you we have Marili Boufounou, devolved administrations analyst, and Jamie Tarlton, senior analyst on carbon budgets with the Climate Change Committee. We will proceed immediately to questions, if that's okay, and if I could start by asking for your views on the policies that the Welsh Government has adopted in its Net Zero Wales plan, particularly because it adopts a different pathway to that which the Climate Change Committee had suggested.

Reit, ocê, ymlaen â ni, felly, at yr eitem nesaf, sef,i dderbyn i sesiwn dystiolaeth gyntaf ar Gymru Sero Net a chyllidebau carbon yma yng Nghymru. Mae'n bleser gen i groesawu'r tystion sydd o'n blaenau ni y bore yma, sef yr Arglwydd Deben, cadeirydd y Pwyllgor Newid Hinsawdd; croeso cynnes i chi. Ac yn ymuno â chi mae Marili Boufounou, sy'n ddadansoddwr gweinyddiaethau datganoledig, gyda'r Pwyllgor Newid Hinsawdd; a Jamie Tarlton, sy'n uwch-ddadansoddwr, cyllidebau carbon, hefyd gyda'r Pwyllgor Newid Hinsawdd. Mi fwriwn ni iddi yn syth gyda chwestiynau, os ydy hynny'n iawn, ac fe wnaf i gychwyn drwy ofyn eich barn chi ynglŷn â'r polisiau mae Llywodraeth Cymru wedi'u mabwysiadau yn nghynllun Net Zero Wales, yn enwedig gan ei fod e'n mabwysiadu llwybr gwahanol i'r un roedd y Pwyllgor Newid Hinsawdd wedi'i argymell.

Welcome back to this meeting of the Climate Change, Environment and Infrastructure Committee. We'll move now to our next item in this morning's meeting, which is a technical briefing from the Confederation of Passenger Transport on the findings of its recent report. I had the pleasure of being involved in its launch in the Norwegian church in the bay. The title of the report is 'Bus and Coach: The route to net zero in Wales'. As I said, it was published last month and is very pertinent to the committee's recent work on public transport here in Wales. I wish to extend a very warm welcome to Graham Vidler, the chief executive of the Confederation of Passenger Transport. Graham's going to give us a presentation first of all and then there'll be an opportunity for Members to ask questions. I'm sure there are a number of issues that we'd like to cover. So, I'll transfer to you for your presentation.

Croeso nôl i gyfarfod y Pwyllgor Newid Hinsawdd, Amgylchedd a Seilwaith. Dŷn ni'n symud at eitem nesaf y cyfarfod y bore yma, sef i dderbyn briff technegol gan y Cydffederasiwn Cludiant Teithwyr ar ganfyddiadau ei adroddiad diweddar. Ces i'r pleser o fod yn rhai o'i lansio yn yr Eglwys Norwyaidd ar draws y bae fan hyn. Teitl yr adroddiad yw, 'Bus and Coach: The route to net zero in Wales'. Fel dwi'n dweud, fe gafodd e ei gyhoeddi fis diwethaf, ac mae'n berthnasol iawn i waith diweddar gan y pwyllgor hefyd, wrth gwrs, ar drafnidiaeth gyhoeddus yma yng Nghymru. Dwi eisiau estyn croeso cynnes iawn i Graham Vidler, prif weithredwr y Cydffederasiwn Cludiant Teithwyr. Mae Graham yn mynd i roi cyflwyniad inni i gychwyn, a wedyn bydd yna gyfle i Aelodau holi nifer o gwestiynau, a dwi'n siŵr bod gennym ni dipyn o bethau byddem ni'n leico eu holi i chi. Felly, gwnaf drosglwyddo i chi am y cyfnod cyntaf yma i chi gael gwneud eich cyflwyniad.

Right. Welcome back to this meeting of the Climate Change, Environment, and Infrastructure Committee at Senedd Cymru. We will move now to this final item for this afternoon, which is annual scrutiny of Natural Resources Wales. We welcome our witnesses: Clare Pillman, chief executive, Natural Resources Wales; Ceri Davies, executive director for evidence, policy and permitting; and Rachael Cunningham, executive director for finance and corporate services. A very warm welcome to you all. We will be focusing on the period 2021-22. I'm sure it will be quite a challenge for us not to stray into other areas too, but we will do our best in that regard. Can I start, therefore, by asking you to give us an update on the developments that there have been in terms of the new corporate plan, and how that plan will align with the Well-being of Future Generations (Wales) Act 2015 and the well-being goals?

Iawn. Wel, croeso i chi i gyd yn ôl i gyfarfod y Pwyllgor Newid Hinsawdd, yr Amgylchedd a Seilwaith yn Senedd Cymru. Rydyn ni'n symud at ein heitem olaf ni o'r sesiwn y prynhawn yma, sef, wrth gwrs, gwaith craffu blynyddol ar Gyfoeth Naturiol Cymru. Rydyn ni'n croesawu'r tystion sydd o'n blaenau ni, sef Clare Pillman, prif weithredwr Cyfoeth Naturiol Cymru; Ceri Davies, cyfarwyddwr tystiolaeth, polisi a thrwyddedu; a Rachael Cunningham, cyfarwyddwr gweithredol cyllid a gwasanaethau corfforaethol. Croeso atom ni. Byddwn yn ffocysu, wrth gwrs ar y cyfnod sy'n cwmpasu 2021-22. Dwi'n siŵr y bydd hi'n dipyn o her inni beidio â mynd i grwydro i feysydd eraill, ond mi wnawn ni ein gorau yn hynny o beth. A gaf i ofyn, felly, i gychwyn, jest i chi roi diweddariad inni ar y datblygiadau sydd wedi bod o safbwynt y cynllun corfforaethol newydd, a sut y bydd hwnnw, wrth gwrs, yn alinio â Deddf Llesiant Cenedlaethau'r Dyfodol (Cymru) 2015 a'r nodau llesiant sydd yn y Ddeddf honno?

A warm welcome to this meeting of the Finance Committee this morning. We have a couple of items on the agenda. We're going to be scrutinising the Food (Wales) Bill, and we have the Minister with us this morning. But, before we do that, I just want to note that we've had an apology from Peter Fox for this first session, because he's the Member in charge of the Food (Wales) Bill. So, we will be seeing him later on. But I extend a warm welcome to Sam Rowlands, who has joined us for this session and for the next session. So, a warm welcome to you, Sam. Does anybody have any declarations of interest? I don't see that anybody does. And so we'll move on. We have - . Everything is going to be broadcast on Senedd.tv and there will be a transcript available afterwards.

Croeso cynnes i gyfarfod o'r Pwyllgor Cyllid y bore yma. Mae gyda ni gwpl o eitemau ar yr agenda. Rydyn ni'n mynd i fod yn sgriwtineiddio'r Bil Bwyd (Cymru), ac mae gennym ni'r Gweinidog hefo ni yn fan hyn. Ond, cyn inni wneud hynny, dwi eisiau nodi ein bod ni wedi cael ymddiheuriad ynglŷn â'r sesiwn gyntaf yma gan Peter Fox, gan ei fod o yr Aelod in charge o'r Bil Bwyd (Cymru). Felly, rydyn ni'n mynd i'w weld o later on. Ond croeso cynnes i Sam - mae Sam Rowlands wedi ymuno hefo ni ar gyfer ein sesiwn yma a'r sesiwn nesaf. Felly, croeso cynnes, Sam. Oes gan unrhyw un unrhyw ddatganiadau i'w nodi? Dwi ddim yn gweld bod gan neb. Felly, mi wnawn ni symud ymlaen. Felly, mae gennym ni - . Bydd pob dim yn cael ei ddarlledu ar Senedd.tv a bydd yna dransgript ar gael ar gyfer wedyn.

We have papers to note. I'm going to note them all as one item, unless somebody wants to raise anything. There are some things relating to items 4 and 7 that we'll deal with in a private session afterwards. But nothing other than to note those papers, if that's okay.

Mae gennym ni bapurau i'w nodi. Dwi'n mynd i'w nodi nhw i gyd fel un eitem, oni bai bod rhywun eisiau codi rhywbeth. Mae yna gwpl o bethau ynglŷn ag eitem 4 ac eitem 7 mi wnawn ni gyfro off mewn preifat wedyn. Ond dim byd heblaw nodi'r papurau yna, os ydy hynny'n ocê.

Thank you, Chair. I just wanted to follow up on a comment made by Sarah from FareShare regarding the increase in demand. In the written evidence, 75 institutions on the waiting list and 42 organisations - [ Inaudible.] - in specific areas of Wales - [ Inaudible.]

Diolch, Cadeirydd. Roeddwn i jest eisiau dilyn lan ar sylw Sarah o FareShare ynglŷn â'r cynnydd mewn galw. Yn y dystiolaeth ysgrifenedig, mae 75 o sefydliadau ar y rhestr aros a 42 o sefydliadau - [ Anghlywadwy.] - mewn ardal benodol o Gymru neu - [ Anghlywadwy.]

Yes, I just wanted to ask what's the main reason that adults approach you. We've heard that pensioners and single parents do access your services, but what are the main reasons? Is it because they're on benefits or because they're not being paid enough in employment to afford food? What's the main reason? Thank you.

Ie, dwi jest eisiau gofyn, os gwelwch chi'n dda, beth ydy'r prif reswm pam mae oedolion yn dod atoch chi, yn enwedig - . Rydym ni wedi clywed bod pensiynwyr a phobl sy'n rhiant ar ben eu hunain yn dod i'ch gweld chi. Beth ydy'r prif reswm? Ai am eu bod nhw ar benefits neu nad ydyn nhw'n cael eu talu digon i fforddio bwyd? Beth ydy'r prif reswm, os gwelwch chi'n dda? Diolch.

Thank you, Chair. Hopefully, the Wi-Fi connection is okay. I'm having problems. They are working on the road. I just wanted to ask a couple of additional questions on free school meals. You've already touched on the potential of free school meals to address food poverty. In terms of Well Fed and Flintshire council, you've committed to feeding every child and their families, free of charge, for as long as they're in crisis. Can you explain to us how exactly you use the free school meals provision to support the whole family? How does that work?

Diolch, Gadeirydd. Gobeithio bod y cyswllt Wi-Fi yn iawn. Rwy'n cael problemau. Maen nhw'n gweithio ar y ffordd. Roeddwn i eisiau gofyn cwpl o gwestiynau ychwanegol am brydau bwyd am ddim. Rŷch chi yn barod wedi cyffwrdd â photensial prydau bwyd am ddim i fynd i'r afael â thlodi bwyd. O ran Well Fed a Chyngor Sir y Fflint, rŷch chi wedi ymrwymo i fwydo pob plentyn a'u teuluoedd nhw yn ddi-dâl, cyhyd â'u bod nhw mewn argyfwng. Allech chi egluro i ni sut yn union rydych chi'n defnyddio'r ddarpariaeth prydau bwyd am ddim i gefnogi'r teulu cyfan? Sut mae hynny'n gweithio?

Thank you. Are there measures the Welsh Government should take to enhance access to free school meals in relation to secondary school pupils and primary school pupils in year groups that do not yet receive universal provision?

Diolch. Oes yna fesurau y dylai Llywodraeth Cymru eu cymryd i wella'r gallu i gael gafael ar brydiau ysgol am ddim mewn perthynas â disgyblion ysgolion uwchradd, a disgyblion ysgolion cynradd nad ydyn nhw eto mewn grwpiau blwyddyn sy'n cael y ddarpariaeth am ddim?

Thank you very much, Chair. I have some questions for you all separately. The first question is for Jen, please. We've read evidence from Flintshire County Council, and you're very clear on the gaps in the cost-of-living crisis and the need for food interventions. Can you give us further details, please, on how you support families in the six key areas that you've identified? Thank you very much.

Diolch yn fawr iawn, Gadeirydd. Mae gen i gwestiynau i chi i gyd ar wahân. Mae'r cwestiwn cyntaf i Jen, os gwelwch yn dda. Rydym ni wedi darllen tystiolaeth gan Gyngor Sir y Fflint, ac rydych chi'n glir iawn am y bwlch o ran yr argyfwng costau byw ac angen bwyd hefyd. Ydych chi'n gallu jest rhoi mwy o fanylion, os gwelwch chi'n dda, ar sut ydych chi'n cefnogi teluoedd yn y chwe maes rydych chi wedi awgrymu? Diolch yn fawr iawn.

Thank you very much. And this question follows on from what you've just said, and it's for Sarah, please. Now, Sarah, in your evidence, you've mentioned how Welsh Government needs to support the third sector. And again, can you just give us some more details as to how the Welsh Government could support the third sector in the longer term?

Diolch yn fawr iawn. Felly, mae hyn yn dilyn, i ddweud y gwir, y cwestiwn sydd gen i nesaf, sydd i Sarah, os gwelwch yn dda. Sarah, yn eich tystiolaeth, rydych chi wedi sôn am sut mae'r Llywodraeth yng Nghymru yn gallu cefnogi'r trydydd sector. Ac eto, ydych chi'n gallu jest rhoi mwy o fanylion ar sut mae'r Llywodraeth yng Nghymru yn gallu cefnogi'r trydydd sector i'r tymor hir?

Thank you very much. And the final question to Robbie, please. I was very interested to hear that there is a difference - and I have been thinking about it as well - between providing food and providing meals. It was very interesting to hear that perspective. Do you have any evidence what that difference is, that distinction between providing food or providing meals? Thank you.

Diolch yn fawr iawn. Ac wedyn, y cwestiwn olaf i Robbie, os gwelwch yn dda. Roedd gen i ddiddordeb mawr i glywed bod yna wahaniaeth - a dwi wedi meddwl amdano fo hefyd - rhwng darparu bwyd ac wedyn darparu prydau bwyd. Ie, diddorol iawn clywed hynny. Oes gennych chi dystiolaeth sy'n dangos beth ydy'r gwahaniaeth, hynny yw, yn darparu bwyd yn lle darparu prydau bwyd? Diolch yn fawr iawn.

Thank you very much. That's very interesting. Thank you, Chair.

Diolch yn fawr iawn. Diddorol. Diolch, Cadeirydd.

Thank you, Chair. One of the ideas that's been discussed because of this, what you've mentioned, in terms of the difficulties people face in getting everything they should, is having a completely co-ordinated, streamlined system, where people can be passported. So, if you're eligible for one thing, that then shows what your threshold is in terms of your earnings and so on, and that you're then passported in terms of everything else. Do you feel that that would assist your clients?

Diolch, Cadeirydd. Un o'r syniadau sydd wedi cael ei drafod oherwydd hyn, yr hyn ŷch chi wedi sôn amdano fe, o ran yr anhawster mae pobl yn ei gael i gael popeth dylen nhw fod yn ei gael, yw cael system hollol gydlynus, streamlined, lle mae pobl yn cael eu pasbortio. Os ŷch chi'n gymwys am un peth, mae hynny yn dangos beth yw'ch trothwy chi o ran eich enillion ac yn y blaen, a'ch bod chi wedyn yn cael eich pasbortio i bopeth arall. Ydych chi'n teimlo y byddai hynny o help i'ch cwsmeriaid chi?

Thank you very much, Chair. I have just one question for both of you, if I may. Could you just tell us how rising energy costs have affected the people that you work with? Have they seen any major difference, or have you seen a major difference in terms of the people approaching you? If I could ask Karen, perhaps, to go first. Thank you.

Diolch yn fawr iawn, Cadeirydd. Mae gen i jest un cwestiwn, os yw hynny'n iawn, i'r ddwy ohonoch chi. Allwch chi jest awgrymu sut mae prisiau ynni wedi effeithio ar y bobl rydych chi'n gweithio efo nhw? Ydyn nhw wedi gweld gwahaniaeth, neu ydych chi'ch dwy wedi gweld gwahaniaeth o ran y bobl sy'n dod atoch chi, os gwelwch chi'n dda? Gaf i ofyn i Karen yn gyntaf, os gwelwch chi'n dda? Diolch.

Thank you. Before I ask Nicola the same question, could I ask you whether the businesses you work with are aware of the support that is available for businesses, particularly small businesses?

Diolch. Cyn gofyn yr un cwestiwn i Nicola, gaf i ofyn i chi, ydy'r busnesau rydych chi'n gweithio efo nhw, ydyn nhw'n gwybod, ydyn nhw'n ymwybodol o'r gefnogaeth sydd ar gael i fusnesau, yn enwedig busnesau bychain?

Thank you. And then, Nicola, could you respond to that question on the impact that energy costs are having on your clients? Thanks.

Diolch. Ac wedyn, Nicola, ydych chi'n gallu jest ateb y cwestiwn ynglŷn â sut mae'n effeithio ar y bobl rydych chi'n gweithio efo nhw? Diolch.

Thank you, Chair. That's all from me.

Diolch, Cadeirydd. Dyna'i gyd wrthyf i. Diolch.

Thank you, Chair. Citizens Advice has called 2023 a debt crisis year. Of course, a number of support schemes available from the UK Government and also from the Welsh Government are coming to an end, for example, the support for energy bills, which we've just discussed. Do you feel that the problems you're seeing currently in relation to the level of debt and the level of need for financial support will be heightened further as we approach the winter this year?

Diolch, Cadeirydd. Mae Cyngor ar Bopeth Cymru wedi galw 2023 yn flwyddyn argyfwng dyled. Wrth gwrs, mae nifer o gynlluniau cymorth Llywodraeth y Deyrnas Gyfunol a hefyd Llywodraeth Cymru yn dod i ben, er enghraifft, y gefnogaeth ar gyfer biliau ynni. Rydyn ni newydd drafod hynny. Ydych chi'n teimlo y bydd y problemau ŷch chi'n eu gweld ar hyn o bryd a'r lefel o ddyled a'r lefel o angen ar gyfer cefnogaeth ariannol yn cael eu dwysáu hyd yn oed ymhellach wrth i ni fynd tuag at y gaeaf eleni?

Thank you. Does Karen have a comment on that, and perhaps what the Welsh Government should be doing in relation to that? One of the things they've said in the budget is that they're going to provide funding for the discretionary assistance fund - of course, that is emergency support. Could you comment on the question relating to what sort of support the Welsh Government should be putting in place because of this?

Diolch. Oes gan Karen sylw ar hynny, ac efallai beth ddylai Llywodraeth Cymru ei wneud am hynny? Un o'r pethau maen nhw wedi dweud yn y gyllideb yw eu bod nhw'n mynd i roi arian mewn i'r gronfa cymorth dewisol - wrth gwrs, mae hynny'n gymorth argyfwng. Allwch chi roi sylw ynglŷn â'r cwestiwn ac efallai pa fath o gymorth ddylai Llywodraeth Cymru fod yn rhoi yn ei le oherwydd hyn?

Thank you. Thinking now more about the long term, what should the Welsh Government prioritise in developing a sustainable response to the challenges that have emerged as a result of cost-of-living pressures?

Diolch. Yn meddwl nawr yn fwy am yr hirdymor, beth ddylai Llywodraeth Cymru ei flaenoriaethu wrth ddatblygu ymateb cynaliadwy i'r heriau sydd wedi dod i'r amlwg o ganlyniad i bwysau costau byw?

Thank you. Nicola, you mentioned this new loan scheme; it's a new idea, it's successful. Are there any other examples of good practice, or good ideas by other organisations in Wales, or beyond, or internationally, that you would like see supported and rolled out here in Wales, perhaps with the support of the Welsh Government?

Diolch. Nicola, mi wnaethoch chi sôn am y new loan scheme yma; syniad newydd, rhywbeth sy'n llwyddiannus, mae'n swnio fel. Oes yna unrhyw enghreifftiau eraill o arfer da fel hyn, neu syniadau da gan sefydliadau eraill yng Nghymru, neu tu hwnt, yn rhyngwladol, efallai, y byddech chi'n hoffi gweld yn cael eu cefnogi yma, ac yn cael eu rowlio allan yma yng Nghymru, efallai gyda chefnogaeth Llywodraeth Cymru?

Good afternoon and welcome back.

Prynhawn da a chroeso nôl.

Welcome, all, to this Plenary meeting. The first item on our agenda will be questions to the First Minister. Under Standing Order 12.58, the Trefnydd will respond to questions today on behalf of the First Minister, and the first question is from Ken Skates.

Croeso, bawb, i'r Cyfarfod Llawn. Yr eitem gyntaf ar ein hagenda ni fydd y cwestiynau i'r Prif Weinidog. O dan Reol Sefydlog 12.58, y Trefnydd fydd yn ateb y cwestiynau heddiw ar ran y Prif Weinidog, ac mae'r cwestiwn cyntaf gan Ken Skates.

Analysis shows that families with children are more likely to be impacted by the cost-of-living crisis, particularly children from a household that has protected characteristics. We are supporting young people and their families through initiatives, including our childcare offer, help with school costs, free school meals, and our young person's guarantee.

Mae gwaith dadansoddi yn dangos bod yr argyfwng costau byw yn fwy tebygol o effeithio ar deuluoedd â phlant, yn enwedig plant o aelwyd sydd â nodweddion gwarchodedig. Rydyn ni'n cynorthwyo pobl ifanc a'u teuluoedd trwy fentrau, gan gynnwys ein cynnig gofal plant, cymorth gyda chostau ysgol, prydau ysgol am ddim, a'n gwarant i bobl ifanc.

Thank you, Minister, for that answer. I've heard of instances of high-school children who've been turned away at the canteen till because their hard-working parents haven't been able to clear the dinner money debts that they've incurred. Would you agree with me that schools should act with the utmost compassion during these times of financial hardship, and not put young people through such humiliating ordeals? And can you outline what support the Welsh Government is giving to young people to avoid school-time hunger?

Diolch, Gweinidog, am yr ateb yna. Rwyf i wedi clywed am achosion o blant ysgol uwchradd sydd wedi cael eu troi i ffwrdd wrth dil y ffreutur oherwydd nad yw eu rhieni gweithgar wedi gallu clirio'r dyledion arian cinio sydd ganddyn nhw. A fyddech chi'n cytuno â mi y dylai ysgolion weithredu gyda'r tosturi mwyaf yn ystod y cyfnod hwn o galedi ariannol, a pheidio â rhoi pobl ifanc drwy'r fath brofiadau sy'n codi cywilydd? Ac a allwch chi amlinellu pa gymorth y mae Llywodraeth Cymru yn ei roi i bobl ifanc i'w harbed nhw rhag bod yn llwglyd yn ystod amser ysgol?

Yes, I would absolutely agree with you. We know that no child should go hungry, and local authorities and schools should work in partnership with families who are experiencing difficulties with payment of school meals to try and find a solution to ensure that no child goes without a meal at lunch time. There should be a system in place where parents are reminded in a timely fashion if the balance on their child's account is low, for instance, so that parents can obviously take the action needed. In the case of non-payment, every effort should be made to contact the parent to find a solution, and that might include setting up a payment plan. The Minister has reminded local authorities of their powers to use discretion to be able to provide meals without charging, or to implement variable pricing structures. And we've also reminded them of our expectation that no child should be denied an offer of a meal if they turn up to school hungry, because, of course, we know, don't we, that children concentrate far better when they're not hungry. As a Government, we're rolling out universal primary free school meals as quickly as we possibly can, maintaining our commitment to primary breakfasts, and have extended our year 7 breakfast pilot until the end of the current academic year. And in partnership with Plaid Cymru, as part of the co-operation agreement, we've also committed £11 million to extend holiday food provision for pupils traditionally eligible for a free school meal until the end of the February half term. And that will ensure that children from lower income families do not go hungry during the school holidays.

Ie, byddwn i'n cytuno'n llwyr â chi. Rydyn ni'n gwybod na ddylai unrhyw blentyn fod yn llwglyd, a dylai awdurdodau lleol ac ysgolion weithio mewn partneriaeth â theuluoedd sy'n cael anawsterau wrth dalu am brydau ysgol i geisio dod o hyd i ateb i sicrhau nad oes yr un plentyn yn mynd heb bryd bwyd amser cinio. Dylai fod system ar waith pryd yr atgoffir rhieni yn brydlon os yw'r balans ar gyfrif eu plentyn yn isel, er enghraifft, fel bod rhieni yn amlwg yn gallu cymryd y camau sydd eu hangen. Mewn achosion o fethu â thalu, dylid gwneud pob ymdrech i gysylltu â'r rhiant i ddod o hyd i ateb, a gallai hynny gynnwys sefydlu cynllun talu. Mae'r Gweinidog wedi atgoffa awdurdodau lleol o'u pwerau i ddefnyddio disgresiwn i allu darparu prydau bwyd heb godi tâl, neu weithredu strwythurau prisio amrywiol. Ac rydyn ni hefyd wedi eu hatgoffa o'n disgwyliad na ddylai unrhyw blentyn beidio â chael cynnig pryd o fwyd os yw'n dod i'r ysgol yn llwglyd, oherwydd, wrth gwrs, rydyn ni'n gwybod, onid ydym, bod plant yn canolbwyntio yn llawer gwell pan nad ydyn nhw'n llwglyd. Fel Llywodraeth, rydyn ni'n cyflwyno prydau ysgol gynradd am ddim i bawb mor gyflym ag y gallwn, gan gynnal ein hymrwymiad i frecwast ysgol gynradd, ac rydyn ni wedi ymestyn ein cynllun treialu brecwast blwyddyn 7 tan ddiwedd y flwyddyn academaidd bresennol. Ac mewn partneriaeth â Phlaid Cymru, yn rhan o'r cytundeb cydweithio, rydyn ni hefyd wedi ymrwymo £11 miliwn i ymestyn darpariaeth bwyd yn ystod y gwyliau i ddisgyblion sy'n draddodiadol gymwys i gael pryd ysgol am ddim tan ddiwedd hanner tymor mis Chwefror. A bydd hynny'n sicrhau nad yw plant o deuluoedd incwm is yn llwglyd yn ystod gwyliau'r ysgol.

Good afternoon, Minister, and happy Valentine's Day. [ Laughter.] I had to get that one in. Young people are amongst the most likely groups impacted by the cost-of-living pressures, and I'm glad that the Welsh Government seems to be resisting Plaid Cymru's idea that you can tax your way out of a crisis, when it's young people who will face the highest burdens by their proposed tax increase. Therefore, will the Welsh Government confirm today - 'yes' or 'no' - that you won't increase income tax? And will you consider giving young people free bus and rail travel in Wales so that people can get around freely without having to worry about their purse or wallet, and offer discounts for gym memberships, so that we're providing warm spaces in an environment where young people can keep fit and well? Thank you.

Prynhawn da, Gweinidog, a Dydd Sant Ffolant hapus. [ Chwerthin.] Roedd yn rhaid i mi gael yr un yna i mewn. Mae pobl ifanc ymhlith y grwpiau y mae pwysau costau byw fwyaf tebygol o effeithio arnyn nhw, ac rwy'n falch bod Llywodraeth Cymru fel pe bai'n gwrthsefyll syniad Plaid Cymru y gallwch chi drethu eich ffordd allan o argyfwng, pan mai pobl ifanc fydd yn wynebu'r beichiau mwyaf drwy eu cynnydd arfaethedig i drethi. Felly, a wnaiff Llywodraeth Cymru gadarnhau heddiw - 'byddwn' neu 'na fyddwn' - na fyddwch chi'n cynyddu treth incwm? Ac a wnewch chi ystyried rhoi teithiau am ddim ar fysiau a threnau i bobl ifanc yng Nghymru fel y gall pobl symud o gwmpas yn rhydd heb orfod poeni am eu pwrs neu waled, a chynnig gostyngiadau ar gyfer aelodaeth campfa, fel ein bod ni'n darparu mannau cynnes mewn amgylchedd lle gall pobl ifanc gadw'n heini ac yn iach? Diolch.

I'm really not sure where you think we will get the money from for that very extensive wish list. But just on your specific point around free transport for under-25s, as you'll be aware, it is a programme for government commitment, and the Deputy Minister for Climate Change is currently exploring that, but, given our very poor settlement from the UK Government, it's going to be very difficult to do.

Nid wyf i wir yn siŵr o ble rydych chi'n meddwl y byddwn i'n cael yr arian ar gyfer y rhestr o ddymuniadau helaeth iawn honno. Ond dim ond ar eich pwynt penodol am drafnidiaeth am ddim i bobl dan 25 oed, fel y byddwch chi'n gwybod, mae'n rhaglen ar gyfer ymrwymiad y llywodraeth, ac mae'r Dirprwy Weinidog Newid Hinsawdd wrthi'n archwilio hynny ar hyn o bryd, ond, o ystyried ein setliad gwael iawn gan Lywodraeth y DU, mae'n mynd i fod yn anodd iawn ei gyflawni.

Good afternoon, Minister. Child poverty runs so deep in Wales and has a lasting effect on everybody, going into their adulthood. I know that there are lots of measures in place here in the Welsh Government to address that, and of course more can be done. I'm also joining the calls for free public transport for under-25s. I also think that there needs to be debate about where that money comes from, and that we do need to think about whether that is about the Welsh Government using its taxation powers. So, I would just like to echo those calls for free public transport for under-25s. It is a win-win - for our economy, for our environment, and, particularly for us in rural areas, we want to see increased public transport, particularly in our bus services. So, I would ask you just what steps are being made by the Welsh Government in order to look at that issue and to grow our economy and ensure that our young people can move around. Diolch.

Prynhawn da, Gweinidog. Mae tlodi plant yn rhedeg mor ddwfn yng Nghymru ac mae'n cael effaith barhaol ar bawb, yn parhau i'w bywyd fel oedolion. Gwn fod llawer o fesurau ar waith yma yn Llywodraeth Cymru i fynd i'r afael â hynny, a gellir gwneud mwy wrth gwrs. Rwyf i hefyd yn ymuno â'r galwadau am drafnidiaeth gyhoeddus am ddim i bobl dan 25 oed. Rwyf hefyd yn meddwl bod angen cael trafodaeth ynghylch o ble mae'r arian hwnnw'n dod, a bod angen i ni feddwl a yw hynny'n golygu y bydd Llywodraeth Cymru yn defnyddio ei phwerau trethu. Felly, hoffwn adleisio'r galwadau hynny am drafnidiaeth gyhoeddus am ddim i bobl dan 25 oed. Mae'n beth cadarnhaol ym mhob agwedd - i'n heconomi, i'n hamgylchedd, ac, yn enwedig i ni mewn ardaloedd gwledig, lle'r ydym ni eisiau gweld mwy o drafnidiaeth gyhoeddus, yn enwedig yn ein gwasanaethau bysiau. Felly, hoffwn ofyn i chi pa gamau sy'n cael eu cymryd gan Lywodraeth Cymru i edrych ar y mater hwnnw a thyfu ein heconomi a sicrhau y gall ein pobl ifanc symud o gwmpas. Diolch.

Thank you. Well, as I said in my earlier answer to Gareth Davies, fair fares is one of our programme for government commitments, so the Deputy Minister for Climate Change is exploring that. You outlined the benefits of having free public transport for our under-25s very eloquently. Certainly, I know my own daughters, when they were under 25, really thought it was something that could be done. We know young people want to go off independently and sometimes that's not possible, particularly in rural areas. So, it is something that's being explored, as you say. We have the budget, we have to decide how to slice that budget up, but it is something that I know the Deputy Minister is absolutely committed to doing.

Diolch. Wel, fel y dywedais yn fy ateb cynharach i Gareth Davies, prisiau teg yw un o ymrwymiadau ein rhaglen lywodraethu, felly mae'r Dirprwy Weinidog Newid Hinsawdd yn archwilio hynny. Fe wnaethoch chi amlinellu manteision cael trafnidiaeth gyhoeddus am ddim i'n pobl ifanc dan 25 oed yn huawdl iawn. Yn sicr, gwn fod fy merched fy hun, pan oedden nhw'n iau na 25 oed, wir yn meddwl ei fod yn rhywbeth y gellid ei wneud. Rydyn ni'n gwybod bod pobl ifanc eisiau mynd yn annibynnol ac weithiau nid yw hynny'n bosibl, yn enwedig mewn ardaloedd gwledig. Felly, mae'n rhywbeth sy'n cael ei archwilio, fel rydych chi'n ei ddweud. Mae'r gyllideb gennym ni, mae'n rhaid i ni benderfynu sut i ddyrannu'r gyllideb honno, ond mae'n rhywbeth y gwn fod y Dirprwy Weinidog yn sicr wedi ymrwymo i'w wneud.

We recognise that there may be a link between the cost-of-living crisis and potential negative impacts on the NHS. We expect the health and care sector to identify those at most risk and signpost people to appropriate support as a way of averting demand on health services.

Rydyn ni'n cydnabod y gallai fod cysylltiad rhwng yr argyfwng costau byw ac effeithiau negyddol posibl ar y GIG. Rydyn ni'n disgwyl i'r sector iechyd a gofal nodi'r rhai sydd yn y perygl mwyaf a chyfeirio pobl at gymorth priodol fel ffordd o osgoi'r galwadau ar wasanaethau iechyd.

Supporting patients to stay at home is an important part of keeping pressures off the NHS, but there are numerous cases. I have a constituent who needs dialysis at home three times a week. That costs £20 a day in terms of energy to run the dialysis machine. The hospital provides £40 every three months. So, clearly, she can't afford it. She's also reliant on a food bank, but she has particular dietary needs that can't be met by the food bank. So, despite the signposting that's happening, there are too many people falling through the cracks. So, my question, Minister, is this: putting yourself in the shoes of my constituent, would you choose to run up debts for food and energy in order to safeguard your health, or would you cut back on the cost of energy and specialist food that are crucial to keeping you alive?

Mae cefnogi cleifion i aros gartref yn rhan bwysig o'r ymdrech i gadw pwysau oddi ar y gwasanaeth iechyd, ond mae yna achosion lu. Mae gen i etholwraig sydd angen dialysis yn y cartref dair gwaith yr wythnos. Mae hynny'n costio £20 y dydd o ran ynni i redeg y peiriant dialysis. Mae'r ysbyty yn darparu £40 bob tri mis. Felly, yn amlwg, dyw hi ddim yn gallu fforddio fe. Mae hi hefyd yn dibynnu ar y banc bwyd, ond mae anghenion deietegol neilltuol ganddi a dyw'r rheini ddim yn gallu cael eu darparu ar eu cyfer nhw gan y banc bwyd. Felly, er gwaetha'r arwyddbostio yma sy'n digwydd, mae yna ormod o bobl yn disgyn drwy'r rhwyd. Fy nghwestiwn i felly, Weinidog, yw: rhowch eich hunan yn esgidiau fy etholwraig i, ac a fyddech chi yn dewis rhedeg i fyny dyledion bwyd ac ynni er mwyn gwarchod eich iechyd, neu a fyddech chi'n torri nôl ar gostau ynni a bwyd arbenigol sy'n hanfodol i'ch cadw chi'n fyw?

NHS Wales does help people who have dialysis at home to pay their bills. The Welsh renal network pays home dialysis patients' out-of-pocket expenses, i.e. the additional amounts of electricity and water that you use for the purpose of carrying out your dialysis treatment in your own home, as prescribed by their renal team. There are a number of renal charities as well in Wales that also provide financial support if patients are struggling. In addition, all renal patients in Wales have been advised to register with their energy provider on their priority services register. I don't know if there's anything within that information that you can pass on to your constituent that perhaps they haven't looked into as yet.

Mae GIG Cymru yn helpu pobl sy'n cael dialysis gartref i dalu eu biliau. Mae rhwydwaith arennau Cymru yn talu treuliau parod cleifion sy'n cael dialysis yn y cartref, h.y. y trydan a'r dŵr ychwanegol rydych chi'n eu defnyddio at ddiben cyflawni eich triniaeth dialysis yn eich cartref eich hun, fel y rhagnodwyd gan eu tîm arennau. Ceir nifer o elusennau arennau hefyd yng Nghymru sydd hefyd yn darparu cymorth ariannol os yw cleifion yn ei chael hi'n anodd. Hefyd, mae pob claf arennau yng Nghymru wedi cael ei gynghori i gofrestru gyda'i ddarparwr ynni ar eu cofrestr gwasanaethau blaenoriaeth. Nid wyf i'n gwybod a oes unrhyw beth yn yr wybodaeth honno y gallwch chi ei rannu â'ch etholwr nad yw efallai wedi ymchwilio iddo eto.

Minister, a year ago, the Welsh Conservatives put forward a motion asking the Welsh Government to provide free dentistry services for those undergoing radiotherapy or chemotherapy to alleviate the negative side effects of treatment but also allowing patients to focus more on their recovery rather than having to worry about the extra costs. At the time, the Welsh Government rejected this proposal, but, given the cost-of-living challenges that we're aware of and the fact that these challenges have gotten much harder over the past year, can I ask, Minister, is this something that you would be willing to discuss with your colleagues and to reconsider this position?

Gweinidog, flwyddyn yn ôl, cyflwynodd y Ceidwadwyr Cymreig gynnig yn gofyn i Lywodraeth Cymru ddarparu gwasanaethau deintyddiaeth am ddim i'r rhai sy'n cael radiotherapi neu gemotherapi i leddfu sgil-effeithiau negyddol triniaeth ond hefyd i ganiatáu i gleifion ganolbwyntio mwy ar eu gwellhad yn hytrach na gorfod poeni am y costau ychwanegol. Ar y pryd, gwrthododd Llywodraeth Cymru y cynnig hwn, ond, o ystyried yr heriau costau byw yr ydym ni'n ymwybodol ohonyn nhw a'r ffaith fod yr heriau hyn wedi mynd yn llawer anoddach dros y flwyddyn ddiwethaf, a gaf i ofyn, Gweinidog, a yw hyn yn rhywbeth y byddech chi'n fodlon ei drafod gyda'ch cyd-Aelodau ac ailystyried y safbwynt hwn?

We certainly know that patients suffering from cancer often have many additional costs. They may have to give up work, for instance, and they aren't able to access their salary in the way that they would normally do. Clearly, these are all things that health teams would consider, and I'm sure the Minister for Health and Social Services would. But, again, I go back to a previous answer that, with the budget that we have, we've obviously carved that budget up in a certain way, and I don't think there is much room for manoeuvre for additional costs. But, I absolutely accept what you're saying and I know there are charities that look after patients with cancer who help with costs. Again, I would encourage constituents to try and access that.

Rydyn ni'n sicr yn gwybod bod gan gleifion sy'n dioddef o ganser lawer o gostau ychwanegol yn aml. Efallai y bydd yn rhaid iddyn nhw roi'r gorau i'r gwaith, er enghraifft, ac nad ydyn nhw'n gallu cael mynediad at eu cyflog yn y ffordd y bydden nhw fel rheol. Yn amlwg, mae'r rhain i gyd yn bethau y byddai timau iechyd yn eu hystyried, ac rwy'n siŵr y byddai'r Gweinidog Iechyd a Gwasanaethau Cymdeithasol. Ond, eto, rwy'n dychwelyd at ateb blaenorol sef, gyda'r gyllideb sydd gennym, rydyn ni'n amlwg wedi neilltuo'r gyllideb honno mewn ffordd benodol, ac nid wyf i'n credu bod llawer o le i symud ar gyfer costau ychwanegol. Ond, rwy'n derbyn yn llwyr yr hyn yr ydych chi'n ei ddweud a gwn fod yna elusennau sy'n gofalu am gleifion â chanser sy'n helpu gyda chostau. Eto, byddwn yn annog etholwyr i geisio cael gafael ar hynny.

Thank you, Presiding Officer. Leader of the house, one of the centrepieces of the legislative programme that was in the manifesto of your party was a clean air Act. This has been talked about for many years prior to the last election. We're still uncertain as to when this clean air Act might be arriving within the Welsh Parliament. Are you able to update us as to when we might have a Bill coming to the floor of the Plenary here so that we can make progress in this critical area?

Diolch, Llywydd. Arweinydd y tŷ, un o ganolbwyntiau'r rhaglen ddeddfwriaethol a oedd ym maniffesto eich plaid oedd Deddf aer glân. Trafodwyd hyn ers blynyddoedd lawer cyn yr etholiad diwethaf. Rydyn ni'n dal yn ansicr ynghylch pryd y gallai'r Ddeddf aer glân hon gyrraedd Senedd Cymru. A allwch chi roi'r wybodaeth ddiweddaraf i ni o ran pryd y gallem weld Bil yn dod i lawr y Cyfarfod Llawn yma fel y gallwn ni wneud cynnydd yn y maes hollbwysig hwn?

Yes, it's during this year.

Gallaf, bydd yn ystod y flwyddyn hon.

That's really helpful to understand, especially with 2,000 premature deaths and £1 billion of expenditure with the Welsh NHS. That's the cost of dirty air on people's lungs and associated health conditions. Very often, when we talk about legislation, we are told that the Welsh Government lack bandwidth. Last week, in a statement, the Welsh Government made it known that they want to apply for the gender recognition powers so they can bring a piece of legislation in that particular area. Why on earth are not all the efforts of the Welsh Government being put into bringing this piece of legislation - the clean air Act - which, hopefully, will come this year? We have had it promised before and it hasn't arrived. Why seek more powers when the current powers that you have are not being utilised to improve people's lives here in Wales?

Mae o gymorth mawr cael gwybod hynny, yn enwedig gyda 2,000 o farwolaethau cynamserol ac £1 biliwn o wariant gyda GIG Cymru. Dyna yw cost aer budr ar ysgyfaint pobl a chyflyrau iechyd cysylltiedig. Yn aml iawn, pan fyddwn ni'n siarad am ddeddfwriaeth, dywedir wrthym nad oes gan Lywodraeth Cymru gapasiti. Yr wythnos diwethaf, mewn datganiad, fe'i gwnaed yn hysbys gan Lywodraeth Cymru eu bod nhw eisiau gwneud cais am y pwerau cydnabod rhywedd fel y gallan nhw gyflwyno darn o ddeddfwriaeth yn y maes penodol hwnnw. Pam ar y ddaear nad yw holl ymdrechion Llywodraeth Cymru yn cael eu cyfeirio at gyflwyno'r darn hwn o ddeddfwriaeth - y Ddeddf aer glân - a fydd, gobeithio, yn dod eleni? Fe'i haddawyd i ni o'r blaen ac nid yw wedi cyrraedd. Pam ceisio mwy o bwerau pan nad yw'r pwerau presennol sydd gennych chi yn cael eu defnyddio i wella bywydau pobl yma yng Nghymru?

As I said in my first answer to you, it will be this year, I know, because now I have responsibility for noise pollution. Soundscape is obviously part of the clean air Bill, and I know the Minister for Climate Change and I have a meeting tomorrow with our officials, so it is progressing in the way that you want it to, and we want it to as well. On other legislation, obviously, there is a legislative programme that the First Minister sets out every year. As far as I'm aware, at the moment, that piece of legislation to which you referred is not in the legislation programme.

Fel y dywedais yn fy ateb cyntaf i chi, bydd yn digwydd eleni, rwy'n gwybod, oherwydd bod gen i gyfrifoldeb am lygredd sŵn bellach. Mae seinwedd yn amlwg yn rhan o'r Bil aer glân, a gwn fod gan y Gweinidog Newid Hinsawdd a minnau gyfarfod yfory gyda'n swyddogion, felly mae'n symud ymlaen yn y ffordd yr ydych chi'n dymuno, ac yr ydym ni'n dymuno hefyd. O ran deddfwriaeth arall, yn amlwg, ceir rhaglen ddeddfwriaethol y mae'r Prif Weinidog yn ei chyflwyno bob blwyddyn. Hyd y gwn i, ar hyn o bryd, nid yw'r darn hwnnw o ddeddfwriaeth y gwnaethoch chi gyfeirio ato yn y rhaglen ddeddfwriaeth.

Will the clean air Act, as you've been discussing with your ministerial colleague in the Welsh Government, be all-encapsulating, because we've been led to believe that obviously it will cover every aspect of life so that we can see a real improvement in the air quality here in Wales? As I said, 2,000 people approximately die prematurely because of dirty air here in Wales, and at many millions if not billions of pounds of cost to the Welsh NHS. Will it be a piece of legislation that will capture business, civic society and the whole gambit of Welsh life? Or are you looking at a more nuanced piece of legislation that will be more specific to areas of life here in Wales?

A fydd y Ddeddf aer glân, fel rydych chi wedi bod yn ei drafod gyda'ch cyd-Weinidogion yn Llywodraeth Cymru, yn hollgwmpasog, oherwydd rydyn ni wedi cael ein harwain i gredu yn amlwg y bydd yn cwmpasu pob agwedd ar fywyd fel y gallwn weld gwelliant gwirioneddol i ansawdd yr aer yma yng Nghymru? Fel y dywedais, mae tua 2,000 o bobl yn marw'n gynamserol oherwydd aer budr yma yng Nghymru, ac ar gost o filiynau lawer os nad biliynau o bunnau i GIG Cymru. A fydd yn ddarn o ddeddfwriaeth a fydd yn cynnwys busnesau, cymdeithas ddinesig a chwmpas llawn bywyd yng Nghymru? Neu a ydych chi'n edrych ar ddarn mwy cynnil o ddeddfwriaeth a fydd yn fwy penodol i feysydd bywyd yma yng Nghymru?

No, it's very wide-ranging. As I say, the Minister and I are meeting tomorrow to discuss specific aspects of it, and obviously we will update the Chamber. But I think you raise a very important point. We know far too many people suffer poor health because of our poor air quality. You'll be aware of the 50 mph projects that we've had, that absolutely show that if you reduce your speed to 50 mph in certain areas in Wales - I think there were five pilots across Wales - it has a positive impact. So, it is a piece of legislation we're very much looking forward to bringing to the Chamber.

Na, mae'n eang iawn. Fel y dywedais, mae'r Gweinidog a minnau'n cyfarfod yfory i drafod agweddau penodol arni, ac yn amlwg byddwn yn rhoi'r wybodaeth ddiweddaraf i'r Siambr. Ond rwy'n credu eich bod chi'n codi pwynt pwysig iawn. Rydyn ni'n gwybod bod llawer gormod o bobl yn dioddef iechyd gwael oherwydd ein hansawdd aer gwael. Byddwch yn ymwybodol o'r prosiectau 50 mya a gawsom, sy'n dangos yn bendant, os byddwch chi'n lleihau eich cyflymder i 50 mya mewn ardaloedd penodol yng Nghymru - rwy'n credu bod pum cynllun treialu ar draws Cymru - bydd yn cael effaith gadarnhaol. Felly, mae'n ddarn o ddeddfwriaeth yr ydym yn edrych ymlaen yn fawr at ei gyflwyno i'r Siambr.

Diolch, Llywydd. Today, the Government, with the publication of the roads review, will be heralding its commitment to a historic shift in policy and priority from roads to public transport. So, why is it that you announced late on Friday that you were merely delaying a catastrophic cut in support for bus services from the end of March to the end of June, that will literally decimate what is for most people in most parts of Wales the only form of public transport they have?

Diolch, Llywydd. Heddiw, bydd y Llywodraeth, trwy gyhoeddi'r adolygiad ffyrdd, yn datgan ei hymrwymiad i newid hanesyddol i bolisi a blaenoriaeth o ffyrdd i drafnidiaeth gyhoeddus. Felly, pam wnaethoch chi gyhoeddi'n hwyr ddydd Gwener mai'r cwbl yr oeddech chi'n ei wneud oedd oedi toriad trychinebus i gymorth ar gyfer gwasanaethau bysiau o ddiwedd mis Mawrth i ddiwedd mis Mehefin, a fydd yn anrheithio'n llythrennol yr hyn sydd i'r mwyafrif o bobl yn y rhan fwyaf o Gymru yr unig fath o drafnidiaeth gyhoeddus sydd ganddyn nhw?

Well, I thought most people would welcome three months additional funding for our bus services. I think there has to be a much wider conversation, and I think the Deputy Minister for Climate Change has referred to this. We haven't seen the return to bus use that we did pre the pandemic. I can't remember if the figure was 70 per cent or 75 per cent, as to what has returned. So, 25 per cent or 20 per cent - sorry, 30 per cent - has not come back. That patronage has not come back to our bus services. So, those conversations obviously will be ongoing. I appreciate a lot of people need a bus service and they need a reliable bus service, and certainly, if we're going to get people off our roads, we absolutely accept that our public transport has to be good and it has to be accessible. But I go back to what I've been saying probably now in three answers: a lot of it is about funding. You can't spend funding that you haven't got, but I would imagine that most people would welcome that three-month extension of funding.

Wel, roeddwn i'n meddwl y byddai'r rhan fwyaf o bobl yn croesawu tri mis o gyllid ychwanegol ar gyfer ein gwasanaethau bysiau. Rwy'n credu bod yn rhaid cael sgwrs llawer ehangach, ac rwy'n credu bod y Dirprwy Weinidog Newid Hinsawdd wedi cyfeirio at hyn. Nid ydym wedi gweld y dychweliad i ddefnydd o fysiau a oedd gennym ni cyn y pandemig. Nid wyf i'n gallu cofio ai 70 y cant neu 75 y cant oedd y ffigur, o ran yr hyn y mae wedi dychwelyd iddo. Felly, nid yw 25 y cant neu 20 y cant - sori, 30 y cant - wedi dod yn ôl. Nid yw'r cwsmeriaid hynny wedi dod yn ôl i'n gwasanaethau bysiau. Felly, bydd y sgyrsiau hynny yn amlwg yn parhau. Rwy'n sylweddoli bod llawer o bobl angen gwasanaeth bysiau a'u bod angen gwasanaeth bysiau dibynadwy, ac yn sicr, os ydym ni'n mynd i gael pobl oddi ar ein ffyrdd, rydyn ni'n derbyn yn llwyr fod yn rhaid i'n trafnidiaeth gyhoeddus fod yn dda a bod yn rhaid iddi fod yn hygyrch. Ond dychwelaf at yr hyn yr wyf i wedi bod yn ei ddweud mewn tri ateb bellach mae'n debyg: mae llawer ohono'n ymwneud â chyllid. Ni allwch chi wario cyllid nad yw gennych chi, ond byddwn yn dychmygu y byddai'r rhan fwyaf o bobl yn croesawu'r estyniad cyllid hwnnw am dri mis.

Industry body, Coach and Bus Association Cymru, has said the risk to services and jobs without continuity of funding has only been delayed. They are predicting cuts in bus services ranging from two thirds to mass deregistration of all routes. That would mean people across Wales suddenly unable to go to work, to shop, to go to hospital, to go to college and school. As the chief executive of Neath Port Talbot Council, Karen Jones, has said, it is perverse that Welsh Government are striving to deliver sustainable travel, with the public encouraged to rely less on private transport, yet funding decisions, such as proposed here, will force more people to travel by car, compromising the policy objective. Can you explain the logic in your proposal?

Mae'r corff diwydiant, Cymdeithas Bysiau Cymru wedi dweud bod y risg i wasanaethau a swyddi heb barhad cyllid dim ond wedi cael ei ohirio yn unig. Maen nhw'n rhagweld toriadau i wasanaethau bysiau yn amrywio o ddwy ran o dair i ddadgofrestru torfol o bob llwybr. Byddai hynny'n golygu bod pobl ledled Cymru yn sydyn yn methu â mynd i'r gwaith, i siopa, mynd i'r ysbyty, mynd i'r coleg ac i'r ysgol. Fel y mae prif weithredwr Cyngor Castell-nedd Port Talbot, Karen Jones, wedi ei ddweud, mae'n wrthnysig fod Llywodraeth Cymru yn ymdrechu i sicrhau teithio cynaliadwy, gyda'r cyhoedd yn cael eu hannog i ddibynnu llai ar drafnidiaeth breifat, ac eto y bydd penderfyniadau ariannol, fel y cynigir yma, yn gorfodi mwy o bobl i deithio mewn car, gan beryglu amcan y polisi. A allwch chi esbonio'r rhesymeg yn eich cynnig?

The Minister has had a series of meetings with the organisation you refer to. As the leader of Plaid Cymru knows, we have saved the bus industry with that emergency funding during the pandemic. As I said, bus use has changed. There is, I think, a broad agreement - and I think that organisation in its meetings with the Minister would accept that - that we really need to have a fresh look at our bus network. We are in a very difficult position with our budget, as you know. We haven't been able to confirm the bus industry funding package for the next financial year as yet. It is a very difficult time for everyone, I absolutely accept that, but we do continue to work closely with the industry, with the local authorities, and we will provide further updates as we go through this month.

Mae'r Gweinidog wedi cael cyfres o gyfarfodydd gyda'r sefydliad yr ydych chi'n cyfeirio ato. Fel y mae arweinydd Plaid Cymru yn gwybod, rydyn ni wedi achub y diwydiant bysiau gyda'r cyllid brys hwnnw yn ystod y pandemig. Fel y dywedais, mae'r defnydd o fysiau wedi newid. Ceir cytundeb eang, rwy'n credu - ac rwy'n credu y byddai'r sefydliad hwnnw yn ei gyfarfodydd â'r Gweinidog yn derbyn hynny - bod gwir angen i ni gael golwg o'r newydd ar ein rhwydwaith bysiau. Rydyn ni mewn sefyllfa anodd iawn gyda'n cyllideb, fel y gwyddoch. Nid ydym wedi gallu cadarnhau pecyn ariannu'r diwydiant bysiau ar gyfer y flwyddyn ariannol nesaf eto. Mae'n gyfnod anodd iawn i bawb, rwy'n derbyn hynny'n llwyr, ond rydyn ni'n parhau i weithio'n agos gyda'r diwydiant, gyda'r awdurdodau lleol, a byddwn yn darparu diweddariadau pellach wrth i ni fynd drwy'r mis hwn.

Three quarters of all public transport journeys in Wales are made by bus, but buses get a fraction of the investment currently earmarked by the Government for rail. Cutting that funding further at a time of falling passenger numbers and rising costs will decimate the bus network; it will disproportionately disadvantage women, children and young people, the elderly, the disabled, workers on low incomes and rural and Valleys communities. Cutting subsidy to bus transport in the middle of a cost-of-living crisis is among the most regressive acts you have ever proposed. Will you meet as a Government with a delegation of my Plaid Cymru colleagues - even the Llywydd may want to wear her constituency hat on this one - to reverse your decision and extend the bus emergency scheme for 12 months so that we can protect the existing bus network while we design and build the better, fairer, greener transport network that even the Deputy Minister says you want to see?

Mae tri chwarter yr holl deithiau trafnidiaeth gyhoeddus yng Nghymru yn cael eu gwneud ar fws, ond mae bysiau dim ond yn cael mymryn o'r buddsoddiad sydd wedi'i glustnodi ar hyn o bryd gan y Llywodraeth ar gyfer rheilffyrdd. Bydd torri'r cyllid hwnnw ymhellach ar adeg pan fo nifer y teithwyr yn gostwng a chostau yn cynyddu yn anrheithio'r rhwydwaith bysiau; bydd yn rhoi menywod, plant a phobl ifanc, yr henoed, yr anabl, gweithwyr ar incwm isel a chymunedau gwledig a'r Cymoedd o dan anfantais anghymesur. Mae torri cymhorthdal i drafnidiaeth bysiau yng nghanol argyfwng costau byw ymhlith y gweithredoedd mwyaf atchweliadol yr ydych chi erioed wedi eu cynnig. A wnewch chi gyfarfod fel Llywodraeth gyda dirprwyaeth o fy nghyd-Aelodau Plaid Cymru - mae'n bosibl y bydd hyd yn oed y Llywydd eisiau gwisgo ei het etholaeth ar y mater hwn - i wrthdroi eich penderfyniad ac ymestyn y cynllun argyfwng bysiau am 12 mis fel y gallwn ni amddiffyn y rhwydwaith bysiau presennol tra byddwn yn cynllunio ac yn adeiladu rhwydwaith trafnidiaeth gwell, tecach, gwyrddach y mae hyd yn oed y Dirprwy Weinidog yn dweud eich bod chi eisiau ei weld?

As the Member knows, the bus service, unfortunately, was privatised. We're looking at unprivatising, if that's the correct word. We've got the bus Bill, which will be probably the most far-reaching plan across the UK, and I think it really will be a vital step to reversing the damage of deregulation. We do have to make sure that people have a bus service they can rely on that is easy to use and puts people before profit, but, of course, legislation doesn't happen overnight. We're taking steps at the moment to try and address the issues that have been caused by the pandemic. The extra three months of emergency funding has been very welcomed; it gives the Deputy Minister some breathing space. But I go back: the budget is the budget. It's very easy for Members of the opposition to spend non-existent funding. As a Government, we've had to look very carefully. As part of the co-operation agreement, you know just how difficult our budget is.

Fel y mae'r Aelod yn gwybod, cafodd y gwasanaeth bysiau, yn anffodus, ei breifateiddio. Rydyn ni'n ystyried dadbreifateiddio, os mai dyna'r gair cywir. Mae gennym ni'r Bil bysiau, a fydd, mae'n debyg, y cynllun mwyaf pellgyrhaeddol ar draws y DU, ac rwy'n credu y bydd wir yn gam hanfodol i wyrdroi niwed dadreoleiddio. Mae'n rhaid i ni wneud yn siŵr bod gan bobl wasanaeth bysiau y gallan nhw ddibynnu arno sy'n hawdd ei ddefnyddio ac yn rhoi pobl cyn elw, ond, wrth gwrs, nid yw deddfwriaeth yn digwydd dros nos. Rydyn ni'n cymryd camau ar hyn o bryd i geisio mynd i'r afael â'r problemau a achoswyd gan y pandemig. Mae'r tri mis ychwanegol o gyllid brys wedi cael croeso mawr; mae'n rhoi rhywfaint o le i'r Dirprwy Weinidog anadlu. Ond rwy'n dychwelyd: y gyllideb yw'r gyllideb. Mae'n hawdd iawn i Aelodau'r gwrthbleidiau wario cyllid nad yw'n bodoli. Fel Llywodraeth, bu'n rhaid i ni edrych yn ofalus iawn. Yn rhan o'r cytundeb cydweithio, rydych chi'n gwybod yn union pa mor anodd yw ein cyllideb.

Question 3 [OQ59147] has been withdrawn, although Laura Jones is here and it could have been asked. I'm sure she'll want to explain that to me outside the Chamber. Question 4, Heledd Fychan.

Mae cwestiwn 3 [OQ59147] wedi cael ei dynnu'n ôl, er bod Laura Jones yma ac y gellid bod wedi ei ofyn. Rwy'n siŵr y bydd hi eisiau esbonio hynny i mi y tu allan i'r Siambr. Cwestiwn 4, Heledd Fychan.

Thank you. We have provided over £71 million to flood risk management authorities across Wales this financial year. This includes £12.2 million in capital funding to RMAs in South Wales Central this year. This will be used for improvement works to flood risk management infrastructure, benefiting approximately 1,280 properties directly.

Diolch. Rydyn ni wedi darparu dros £71 miliwn i awdurdodau rheoli perygl llifogydd ledled Cymru yn y flwyddyn ariannol hon. Mae hyn yn cynnwys £12.2 miliwn o gyllid cyfalaf i awdurdodau rheoli perygl yng Nghanol De Cymru eleni. Bydd hwn yn cael ei ddefnyddio ar gyfer gwaith gwella'r seilwaith rheoli perygl llifogydd, a fydd o fudd i tua 1,280 o eiddo yn uniongyrchol.

Thank you, Minister, but my question was specifically on the well-being of residents. This week marks three years since the devastating flooding across the region that I represent and beyond as a result of storm Dennis. Three years on, most of the repair work is by now complete, but the impact on both children and adults affected is just as great today as it was then. Many remain traumatised, living in fear every time it rains heavily and unable to sleep. Some have been told by Natural Resources Wales that there is a continued risk to their lives if their homes are flooded in the future, meaning they aren't just fearful for their homes, but their lives are in danger. Though some areas have benefited, as you outlined in your response, from investment in flood defences and flood prevention measures, there is much more to do. There's an inconsistency in terms of which homes have been offered free floodgates or doors. Further, no psychological support has been offered, nor has there been investment in the setting up of flood action groups to help support communities should the worst ever happen again. How will the Welsh Government support people living in fear? Are there any plans to invest in the setting up of flood action groups in all areas that are at continued risk of flooding?

Diolch, Gweinidog, ond roedd fy nghwestiwn am lesiant trigolion yn benodol. Mae'n dair blynedd yr wythnos hon ers y llifogydd dinistriol ar draws y rhanbarth yr wyf i'n ei gynrychioli a thu hwnt o ganlyniad i storm Dennis. Dair blynedd yn ddiweddarach, mae'r rhan fwyaf o'r gwaith atgyweirio wedi'i gwblhau erbyn hyn, ond mae'r effaith ar blant ac oedolion yr effeithiwyd arnyn nhw yr un mor fawr heddiw ag yr oedd bryd hynny. Mae llawer yn parhau i ddioddef trawma, gan fyw mewn ofn bob tro y mae'n bwrw glaw yn drwm ac yn methu cysgu. Mae Cyfoeth Naturiol Cymru wedi dweud wrth rai bod perygl parhaus i'w bywydau os bydd eu cartrefi yn dioddef llifogydd yn y dyfodol, sy'n golygu nad ydyn nhw'n ofni am eu cartrefi yn unig, ond mae eu bywydau mewn perygl. Er bod rhai ardaloedd wedi elwa, fel y gwnaethoch chi ei amlinellu yn eich ymateb, ar fuddsoddiad mewn amddiffynfeydd rhag llifogydd a mesurau atal llifogydd, mae llawer mwy i'w wneud. Ceir anghysondeb o ran pa gartrefi sydd wedi cael cynnig llifddorau neu ddrysau am ddim. Hefyd, ni chynigiwyd unrhyw gymorth seicolegol, ac ni chafwyd buddsoddiad chwaith yn y gwaith o sefydlu grwpiau gweithredu ar lifogydd i helpu i gynorthwyo cymunedau pe bai'r gwaethaf byth yn digwydd eto. Sut gwnaiff Llywodraeth Cymru gynorthwyo pobl sy'n byw mewn ofn? A oes unrhyw gynlluniau i fuddsoddi mewn sefydlu grwpiau gweithredu ar lifogydd ym mhob ardal sydd mewn perygl parhaus o lifogydd?

I'm not aware of any plans to set up flood action groups, but I'm sure they could be looked at locally. I mentioned the significant funding we've put into trying to protect as many houses as we possibly can, but I think everybody accepts, with climate change, that it's not going to be possible to do that 100 per cent. But I absolutely agree with you; I was the Minister with responsibility for flood mitigation when storm Dennis hit, and I visited many of the people that you refer to, and it's absolutely devastating. I very much welcomed the recent report 'Every time it rains' by the British Red Cross. I think it really did provide insight into the long-term impacts on communities in the way that you refer. My only advice, really, would be, in the first instance, to make sure that people are accessing the correct health services if they really feel they need some additional help there.

Nid wyf i'n ymwybodol o unrhyw gynlluniau i sefydlu grwpiau gweithredu ar lifogydd, ond rwy'n siŵr y gellid eu hystyried nhw'n lleol. Soniais am y cyllid sylweddol yr ydyn ni wedi ei roi i geisio amddiffyn cymaint o dai ag y gallwn ni, ond rwy'n credu bod pawb yn derbyn, gyda'r newid hinsawdd, nad yw'n mynd i fod yn bosibl gwneud hynny 100 y cant. Ond rwy'n cytuno'n llwyr â chi; fi oedd y Gweinidog â chyfrifoldeb am liniaru llifogydd pan darodd storm Dennis, ac ymwelais â llawer o'r bobl rydych chi'n cyfeirio atyn nhw, ac mae'n hollol dorcalonnus. Fe wnes i groesawu'r adroddiad diweddar 'Every time it rains' gan y Groes Goch Brydeinig yn fawr iawn. Rwy'n credu ei fod yn wir wedi cynnig gwybodaeth am yr effeithiau hirdymor ar gymunedau yn y ffordd yr ydych chi'n cyfeirio. Fy unig gyngor, mewn gwirionedd, fyddai, yn y lle cyntaf, gwneud yn siŵr bod pobl yn cael gafael ar y gwasanaethau iechyd cywir os ydyn nhw wir yn teimlo bod angen rhywfaint o help ychwanegol arnyn nhw yn hynny o beth.

Minister, as you are aware, flooding can seriously impact our communities, resulting in long-term environmental damage, destruction to property, disruption to our transport network and, sadly, even resulting, as my colleague Heledd said, in the loss of life. Another consequence of flooding is the risk of pollution from sewage and industrial chemicals, for example, contaminating our streams, rivers and coastlines, which can result in potential public health issues as well as killing fish and other marine animals, destroying valuable marine ecosystems and, in some cases, even entering our food chain. With this in mind, Minister, I'm interested to know what steps this Government is taking to reduce the likelihood of pollution incidents from sewage and industrial waste occurring during flooding, particularly in those areas you've identified as being at risk. What steps should be taken to stop commercial developments setting up that offer a possibility of a high risk of pollution on sites on or near floodplains? Thank you.

Gweinidog, fel yr ydych yn gwybod, gall llifogydd gael effaith ddifrifol ar ein cymunedau, gan arwain at ddifrod amgylcheddol hirdymor, dinistrio eiddo, tarfu ar ein rhwydwaith drafnidiaeth ac, yn anffodus, arwain hyd yn oed, fel y dywedodd fy nghyd-Aelod Heledd, at golli bywydau. Canlyniad arall o lifogydd yw'r perygl o lygredd o garthffosiaeth a chemegau diwydiannol, er enghraifft, yn halogi ein nentydd, ein hafonydd a'n morlinau, a all arwain at broblemau iechyd y cyhoedd posibl yn ogystal â lladd pysgod ac anifeiliaid y môr eraill, dinistrio ecosystemau morol gwerthfawr ac, mewn rhai achosion, hyd yn oed mynd i mewn i'n cadwyn fwyd. Gyda hyn mewn golwg, Gweinidog, mae gen i ddiddordeb mewn gwybod pa gamau y mae'r Llywodraeth hon yn eu cymryd i leihau'r tebygolrwydd y bydd achosion o lygredd o garthion a gwastraff diwydiannol yn digwydd yn ystod llifogydd, yn enwedig yn yr ardaloedd hynny yr ydych chi wedi eu nodi fel rhai sydd mewn perygl. Pa gamau y dylid eu cymryd i atal datblygiadau masnachol rhag sefydlu sy'n cynnig posibilrwydd o berygl uchel o lygredd ar safleoedd ar orlifdiroedd neu'n agos atyn nhw? Diolch.

Thank you. I mentioned that we've provided over £71 million to flood risk management activities in the current financial year and, of course, many of those flood defences address the issues that you've referred to. This is on top of similar funding year on year over the past decade. We have to face facts: with our summers getting warmer and our winters getting wetter, we are going to see increased instances of flooding, unfortunately, here in Wales. It is about making sure that the right flood defences are in the right place. There are lots of different flood defences now. The Minister has been very keen to make sure that flood defences that are being built have other benefits as well for communities, and one of them is addressing the pollution problems.

Diolch. Soniais ein bod ni wedi darparu dros £71 miliwn ar gyfer gweithgareddau rheoli perygl llifogydd yn y flwyddyn ariannol bresennol ac, wrth gwrs, mae llawer o'r amddiffynfeydd rhag llifogydd hynny yn mynd i'r afael â'r materion yr ydych chi wedi cyfeirio atyn nhw. Mae hyn ar ben cyllid tebyg o un flwyddyn i'r llall dros y degawd diwethaf. Mae'n rhaid i ni wynebu ffeithiau: gyda'n hafau yn mynd yn gynhesach a'n gaeafau yn mynd yn wlypach, rydyn ni'n mynd i weld mwy o achosion o lifogydd, yn anffodus, yma yng Nghymru. Y nod yw gwneud yn siŵr bod yr amddiffynfeydd rhag llifogydd cywir yn y lle iawn. Ceir llawer o wahanol amddiffynfeydd rhag llifogydd nawr. Mae'r Gweinidog wedi bod yn awyddus iawn i wneud yn siŵr bod gan amddiffynfeydd rhag llifogydd sy'n cael eu hadeiladu fuddion eraill hefyd i gymunedau, ac un ohonyn nhw yw mynd i'r afael â'r problemau llygredd.

Despite the fund operating in a plainly devolved area, the Welsh Government has been denied any role in its development or implementation in Wales. The levelling-up fund, like the shared prosperity fund, has been beset by delays, underfunding and chaotic arrangements that are costing Wales jobs and growth.

Er bod y gronfa'n gweithredu mewn maes sy'n amlwg wedi'i ddatganoli, gwrthodwyd unrhyw swyddogaeth i Lywodraeth Cymru yn ei datblygiad na'i gweithrediad yng Nghymru. Mae'r gronfa ffyniant bro, fel y gronfa ffyniant gyffredin, wedi dioddef oedi, tanariannu a threfniadau anhrefnus sy'n costio swyddi a thwf i Gymru.

Thank you for that answer, Minister. The last meeting of the cross-party group on industrial communities heard from Professor Steve Fothergill on the Industrial Communities Alliance's six principles to streamline levelling-up funding. One principle is that funding should be strongly targeted to focus on the most disadvantaged places. This approach is critical for communities like the ones that I represent in Cynon Valley. Kevin Morgan and Richard Wyn Jones have also described how UK Government policies fail to deliver that concentration of resources to the poorest regions that marked European funding. With that being the case, what discussions have the Welsh Government had with UK Ministers to ensure the needs of our most disadvantaged communities are met?

Diolch am yr ateb yna, Gweinidog. Clywodd cyfarfod diwethaf y grŵp trawsbleidiol ar gymunedau diwydiannol gan yr Athro Steve Fothergill am chwe egwyddor y Gynghrair Cymunedau Diwydiannol i symleiddio cyllid ffyniant bro. Un egwyddor yw y dylai cyllid gael ei dargedu'n gryf i ganolbwyntio ar y lleoedd mwyaf difreintiedig. Mae'r dull hwn yn hanfodol i gymunedau fel y rhai yr wyf i'n eu cynrychioli yng Nghwm Cynon. Mae Kevin Morgan a Richard Wyn Jones hefyd wedi disgrifio sut mae polisïau Llywodraeth y DU yn methu â darparu'r crynodiad hwnnw o adnoddau i'r rhanbarthau tlotaf a oedd yn nodweddiadol o gyllid Ewropeaidd. Gan dderbyn bod hynny'n wir, pa drafodaethau mae Llywodraeth Cymru wedi eu cael gyda Gweinidogion y DU i sicrhau bod anghenion ein cymunedau mwyaf difreintiedig yn cael eu diwallu?

Thank you. Ministers have had ongoing discussions around the levelling-up fund, but I'm afraid it's fallen on deaf ears. We've absolutely, consistently argued for funding to be needs based rather then allocated on a competitive basis. As you know, local authorities have had to bid. Unfortunately, the UK Government has taken an approach that saw just 11 out of 43 Welsh bids approved in the recent round 2, and areas including Merthyr, Newport and Flintshire not having received a penny in either of the first two rounds. Those three local authorities have had absolutely no funding from the fund at all. With the shared prosperity fund, we recommended a funding formula that weighted 70 per cent for the Welsh index of multiple deprivation, but again, the UK Government just pressed on with the formula that weighted just 30 per cent for the WIMD. As a result of that, economic development funds are being redirected away from the areas that you refer to that really need them the most. We've now only got one round of the levelling-up fund left, and there's just 20 per cent of the funding, which is about £1 billion, left for next year's final round. There's very little remaining potential, really, and what we must remember is that levelling-up in Wales means a £1.1 billion loss in unreplaced EU funds - a Welsh budget cut in real terms.

Diolch. Mae Gweinidogion wedi cael trafodaethau parhaus ynghylch y gronfa ffyniant bro, ond mae gen i ofn ei fod wedi syrthio ar glustiau byddar. Rydyn ni wedi dadlau'n bendant ac yn gyson i gyllid fod yn seiliedig ar anghenion yn hytrach na chael ei ddyrannu ar sail gystadleuol. Fel y gwyddoch, bu'n rhaid i awdurdodau lleol wneud cais. Yn anffodus, mae Llywodraeth y DU wedi mabwysiadu dull a arweiniodd at gymeradwyo 11 allan o 43 o geisiadau yng Nghymru yn rownd 2 yn ddiweddar, ac nid yw ardaloedd sy'n cynnwys Merthyr, Casnewydd a sir y Fflint wedi derbyn ceiniog yn yr un o'r ddwy rownd gyntaf. Nid yw'r tri awdurdod lleol hynny wedi cael unrhyw arian o'r gronfa o gwbl. Gyda'r gronfa ffyniant gyffredin, fe wnaethom ni argymell fformiwla ariannu a oedd yn pwysoli 70 y cant ar gyfer mynegai amddifadedd lluosog Cymru, ond eto, fe wnaeth Llywodraeth y DU fwrw ymlaen â'r fformiwla a oedd yn pwysoli dim ond 30 y cant ar gyfer MALlC. O ganlyniad i hynny, mae cronfeydd datblygu economaidd yn cael eu hailgyfeirio oddi wrth yr ardaloedd yr ydych chi'n cyfeirio atyn nhw sydd wir eu hangen nhw fwyaf. Dim ond un rownd o'r gronfa ffyniant bro sydd gennym ni ar ôl bellach, a dim ond 20 y cant o'r cyllid, sef tua £1 biliwn, sydd ar ôl ar gyfer rownd derfynol y flwyddyn nesaf. Ychydig iawn o botensial sy'n weddill, mewn gwirionedd, a'r hyn y mae'n rhaid i ni ei gofio yw bod ffyniant bro yng Nghymru yn golygu colli £1.1 biliwn o gyllid yr UE na chafodd ei ddisodli - toriad i gyllideb Cymru mewn termau real.

As you've pointed out, Minister, those councils in Wales successfully applying for those 11 projects with £200 million worth of funding, I'm sure, is welcome for many communities and is going to be transformative for people up and down Wales. More broadly, of course, Wales received three times the amount of funding per head than the south-east of England - the highest area per head of funding across Great Britain. And of course, our local councils being empowered to deliver on these projects and apply for these projects is another example of devolution taking place at a more community-based level. I wonder, Minister, whether you'll be joining me in welcoming that empowerment of our local authorities. Also, would you share what plans you have to see further funding responsibilities being devolved down to our local authorities here in Wales? Diolch yn fawr iawn.

Fel rydych chi wedi ei nodi, Gweinidog, mae'r cynghorau hynny yng Nghymru yn ymgeisio'n llwyddiannus ar gyfer yr 11 prosiect hynny â gwerth £200 miliwn o gyllid, rwy'n siŵr, i'w groesawu gan lawer o gymunedau ac yn mynd i fod yn drawsnewidiol i bobl ar hyd a lled Cymru. Yn ehangach, wrth gwrs, derbyniodd Cymru dair gwaith y cyllid y pen na de-ddwyrain Lloegr - yr ardal uchaf fesul pen o gyllid ar draws Prydain Fawr. Ac wrth gwrs, mae ein cynghorau lleol yn cael eu grymuso i ddarparu'r prosiectau hyn ac mae gwneud cais am y prosiectau hyn yn enghraifft arall o ddatganoli yn digwydd ar lefel fwy cymunedol. Tybed, Gweinidog, a fyddwch chi'n ymuno â mi i groesawu'r grymusiad hwnnw yn ein hawdurdodau lleol. Hefyd, a wnewch chi rannu pa gynlluniau sydd gennych chi i weld rhagor o gyfrifoldebau ariannu yn cael eu datganoli i lawr i'n hawdurdodau lleol yma yng Nghymru? Diolch yn fawr iawn.

The Member clearly didn't hear what I said. Levelling-up in Wales means a £1.1 billion loss in unreplaced EU funds - a Welsh budget cut in real terms. It's also an assault on the devolution settlement, which might have passed him by. I think having deeply flawed UK Government programmes foisted on us is not something to celebrate at all. They'll have a very limited impact. They'll probably be poor value for money as well. I think many excellent bids were put forward, but unfortunately missed out because UK Ministers in London just picked winners and losers and made decisions on local projects here in Wales.

Mae'n amlwg na wnaeth yr Aelod glywed yr hyn a ddywedais i. Mae ffyniant bro yng Nghymru yn golygu colled o £1.1 biliwn o gyllid yr UE na chafodd ei ddisodli - toriad i gyllideb Cymru mewn termau real. Mae hefyd yn ymosodiad ar y setliad datganoli, efallai ei fod wedi methu hynny. Nid wyf i'n credu bod cael rhaglenni hynod ddiffygiol Llywodraeth y DU wedi'u gorfodi arnom ni yn rhywbeth i'w ddathlu o gwbl. Byddan nhw'n cael effaith gyfyngedig iawn. Mae'n debyg y byddan nhw'n cynnig gwerth gwael am arian hefyd. Rwy'n credu y cyflwynwyd llawer o geisiadau ardderchog, ond yn anffodus roedden nhw'n aflwyddiannus gan fod Gweinidogion y DU yn Llundain wedi dewis enillwyr a chollwyr yn unig a gwneud penderfyniadau ar brosiectau lleol yma yng Nghymru.

The Welsh Government's current £380 million package of support includes the Warm Homes programme, which improves the energy efficiency of lower-income households. Eligible low-income households are also benefiting from our £200 fuel support scheme. Our 'Claim what's yours' campaign helps people to claim the benefits they are entitled to.

Mae pecyn cymorth presennol Llywodraeth Cymru, sydd werth £380 miliwn, yn cynnwys y rhaglen Cartrefi Clyd, sy'n gwella effeithlonrwydd ynni cartrefi incwm is. Mae aelwydydd incwm isel cymwys hefyd yn elwa ar ein cynllun cymorth tanwydd o £200. Mae ein hymgyrch 'Hawliwch yr hyn sy'n ddyledus i chi' yn helpu pobl i hawlio'r budd-daliadau y mae ganddyn nhw'r hawl iddyn nhw.

Can I thank the Minister for that answer, and also welcome the support that the Welsh Government is currently providing? The Minister will know I've raised for some time now the national scandal of thousands of vulnerable people being forcibly switched to prepayment meters. The UK Government, Ofgem and energy suppliers themselves have been queuing up to say that they were going to stop this, but they've always had the duty to do so, and they have ultimately failed. Switching is still happening today. In just a few weeks' time, the Tory Government in Westminster intend to pull the energy support from under the feet of residents. This is a real risk, isn't it, Minister - the risk that people will fall quickly into debt and that further inappropriate switching may take place. One of the best ways to avoid this, in the powers of the Welsh Government, is by giving people the best support and advice available. I understand the Welsh Government recently ran the in-home energy advice pilot, and I'm told by many groups that work with people who are vulnerable and at risk of fuel poverty that it worked well. Can I ask the Minister today how the pilot could be further rolled out to support residents in Wales?

A gaf i ddiolch i'r Gweinidog am yr ateb yna, a hefyd croesawu'r gefnogaeth y mae Llywodraeth Cymru yn ei darparu ar hyn o bryd? Bydd y Gweinidog yn gwybod fy mod i wedi codi ers cryn amser bellach sgandal genedlaethol miloedd o bobl agored i niwed yn cael eu gorfodi i newid i fesuryddion rhagdalu. Mae Llywodraeth y DU, Ofgem a'r cyflenwyr ynni eu hunain wedi bod yn ciwio i ddweud eu bod nhw'n mynd i roi'r gorau i hyn, ond bu'n ddyletswydd arnyn nhw i wneud hynny erioed, ac maen nhw wedi methu yn y pen draw. Mae newid yn dal i ddigwydd heddiw. Ymhen ychydig wythnosau yn unig, mae'r Llywodraeth Dorïaidd yn San Steffan yn bwriadu tynnu'r cymorth ynni oddi wrth drigolion. Mae hwn yn berygl gwirioneddol, onid yw e, Gweinidog - y perygl y bydd pobl yn mynd i ddyled yn gyflym ac y gallai newid amhriodol pellach ddigwydd. Un o'r ffyrdd gorau o osgoi hyn, ym mhwerau Llywodraeth Cymru, yw drwy roi'r cymorth a'r cyngor gorau sydd ar gael i bobl. Rwy'n deall bod Llywodraeth Cymru wedi cynnal y cynllun treialu cyngor ynni yn y cartref yn ddiweddar, ac mae llawer o grwpiau sy'n gweithio gyda phobl sy'n agored i niwed ac mewn perygl o dlodi tanwydd yn dweud wrthyf i ei fod wedi gweithio'n dda. A gaf i ofyn i'r Gweinidog heddiw sut y gellid cyflwyno'r cynllun treialu ymhellach i gynorthwyo trigolion Cymru?

Thank you. It's extremely disappointing that the energy price guarantee is increasing, as you referred to, from £2,500 for a typical household to £3,000 for a further 12 months from the beginning of April this year. We know that in Wales many would need to spend far more than £3,000 due to the age of the housing stock and extremely high standing charges. I don't think the average that the UK Government refer to really reflects the houses here in Wales. The pilot that you referred to, the in-home energy advice pilot, ran from March 2021 to March 2022 in three areas of Wales - Gwynedd, Ceredigion and Caerphilly. The purpose was to test and measure the effectiveness of providing in-home advice and support services to people across Wales in relation to tackling fuel poverty. There were benefits of the pilot, but at the moment officials are considering the balance of the cost, the benefits and targeting of the advice pilot. That's being considered as part of the advice offer as part of the development for the next iteration of the Warm Homes programme. I think what's really important is that trusted advice and support. We currently have in place an enhanced winter fuel campaign. That began on 1 November through the Warm Homes programme Nest scheme. That's targeting a much wider audience than the pilot to which you referred. It's accessible for everybody who needs energy efficiency advice and guidance. Cost-effective advice services will also be included in the next iteration of the Warm Homes programme. As I say, officials are looking at that, as to what advice they do provide, for the Minister for Climate Change.

Diolch. Mae'n hynod siomedig bod y warant pris ynni yn cynyddu, fel y gwnaethoch chi sôn, o £2,500 i aelwyd nodweddiadol i £3,000 am 12 mis arall o ddechrau mis Ebrill eleni. Rydyn ni'n gwybod yng Nghymru y byddai angen i lawer wario llawer mwy na £3,000 oherwydd oedran y stoc dai a thaliadau sefydlog eithriadol o uchel. Nid wyf i'n credu bod y cyfartaledd y mae Llywodraeth y DU yn cyfeirio ato yn adlewyrchu'r tai yma yng Nghymru mewn gwirionedd. Cynhaliwyd y cynllun treialu y gwnaethoch chi gyfeirio ato, y cynllun treialu cyngor ynni yn y cartref, rhwng mis Mawrth 2021 a mis Mawrth 2022 mewn tair ardal o Gymru - Gwynedd, Ceredigion a Chaerffili. Y pwrpas oedd profi a mesur effeithiolrwydd darparu gwasanaethau cyngor a chymorth yn y cartref i bobl ledled Cymru o ran mynd i'r afael â thlodi tanwydd. Roedd manteision i'r cynllun treialu, ond ar hyn o bryd mae swyddogion yn ystyried cydbwysedd y gost, y manteision a thargedu'r cynllun treialu cyngor. Mae hynny'n cael ei ystyried yn rhan o'r cynnig o gyngor fel rhan o'r datblygiad ar gyfer fersiwn nesaf y rhaglen Cartrefi Clyd. Rwy'n credu mai'r hyn sy'n wirioneddol bwysig yw'r cyngor a'r cymorth hynny y gellir ymddiried ynddyn nhw. Ar hyn o bryd mae gennym ni ymgyrch tanwydd gaeaf estynedig ar waith. Dechreuodd honno ar 1 Tachwedd trwy raglen Nyth Cartrefi Clyd. Mae honno'n targedu cynulleidfa llawer ehangach na'r cynllun treialu y gwnaethoch chi gyfeirio ato. Mae'n hygyrch i bawb sydd angen cyngor a chyfarwyddyd ar effeithlonrwydd ynni. Bydd gwasanaethau cyngor cost-effeithiol hefyd yn cael eu cynnwys yn y fersiwn nesaf o'r rhaglen Cartrefi Clyd. Fel y dywedais, mae swyddogion yn edrych ar hynny, o ran pa gyngor y maen nhw'n ei ddarparu, ar gyfer y Gweinidog Newid Hinsawdd.

In order to protect residents in Alyn and Deeside, elsewhere in north Wales and across Wales from falling into fuel poverty, the Welsh Government have said that a new national demand-led energy efficiency grant scheme, focused on homes in fuel poverty, will be procured as part of the Warm Homes programme and operational before next winter. When will this scheme be operational, and will it be available to eligible Welsh households ready for October 2023, when the cold weather traditionally kicks in?

Er mwyn diogelu trigolion yn Alun a Glannau Dyfrdwy, mewn mannau eraill yn y gogledd a ledled Cymru rhag mynd i dlodi tanwydd, mae Llywodraeth Cymru wedi dweud y bydd cynllun grant effeithlonrwydd ynni a arweinir gan alw cenedlaethol newydd, sy'n canolbwyntio ar gartrefi mewn tlodi tanwydd, yn cael ei gaffael yn rhan o'r rhaglen Cartrefi Clyd ac yn weithredol cyn y gaeaf nesaf. Pryd fydd y cynllun hwn yn weithredol, ac a fydd ar gael i aelwydydd cymwys yng Nghymru yn barod ar gyfer Hydref 2023, pan fydd y tywydd oer yn dechrau yn draddodiadol?

As I said, currently, officials are looking at the pilot scheme to see what the benefits were before they give further advice to the Minister for Climate Change for the next iteration. But, just to reiterate for all of our constituents, advice and support for householders is available. We do have the Warm Homes programme Nest helpline.

Fel y dywedais, ar hyn o bryd, mae swyddogion yn edrych ar y cynllun treialu i weld beth oedd y manteision cyn iddyn nhw roi cyngor pellach i'r Gweinidog Newid Hinsawdd ar gyfer y fersiwn nesaf. Ond, dim ond i ailadrodd ar gyfer ein holl etholwyr, mae cyngor a chymorth i berchnogion tai ar gael. Mae gennym ni linell gymorth rhaglen Nyth Cartrefi Clyd.

Public transport connects people to one another, binds communities together and enables businesses to grow and expand. The Wales transport strategy sets out our plans for an accessible, sustainable and efficient transport system across the nation, including in Aberconwy.

Mae trafnidiaeth gyhoeddus yn cysylltu pobl â'i gilydd, yn rhwymo cymunedau gyda'i gilydd ac yn galluogi busnesau i dyfu ac ehangu. Mae strategaeth drafnidiaeth Cymru yn cyflwyno ein cynlluniau ar gyfer system drafnidiaeth hygyrch, gynaliadwy ac effeithlon ar draws y genedl, gan gynnwys yn Aberconwy.

If only. Trefnydd, in the Welsh Labour and Plaid Cymru co-operation agreement, you make a clear promise to ask Transport for Wales to work with local authorities in north-west Wales and the Welsh Government to develop plans for an integrated transport system. Now, rather than seeing progress, Conwy County Borough Council, Gwynedd and Welsh Government have failed to deliver for my communities in the Conwy valley. We have had a petition signed by over 700 very concerned constituents, and that was to save the T19 between Llandudno and Blaenau Ffestiniog, and also I've written several letters to Conwy council and Gwynedd outlining some different solutions. I've met with all the bus operators, who actually want to keep this service in place. So severe is the situation now that students and pupils are having to rely on private transport to get from the Blaenau Ffestiniog area to a school in Llanrwst and the college in Llandrillo, and staff cannot get to work. Solutions should have been in place before this service ended. For example, the Fflecsi service could be extended up the A470 corridor. But, TfW are dragging their heels. First Minister - or Trefnydd, in this instance, what urgent steps will you and your Government take to address the serious problems caused by the termination of the T19? And don't you agree with me that, in this day and age, it is a crisis when children cannot get to school? Thank you.

Pe bai hynny ond yn wir. Trefnydd, yng nghytundeb cydweithio Llafur Cymru a Phlaid Cymru, rydych chi'n gwneud addewid eglur i ofyn i Trafnidiaeth Cymru weithio gydag awdurdodau lleol yn y gogledd-orllewin a Llywodraeth Cymru i ddatblygu cynlluniau ar gyfer system drafnidiaeth integredig. Nawr, yn hytrach na gweld cynnydd, mae Cyngor Bwrdeistref Sirol Conwy, Gwynedd a Llywodraeth Cymru wedi methu â chyflawni ar gyfer fy nghymunedau yn nyffryn Conwy. Rydyn ni wedi cael deiseb a lofnodwyd gan dros 700 o etholwyr hynod bryderus, ac roedd hynny i achub y T19 rhwng Llandudno a Blaenau Ffestiniog, a hefyd rwyf i wedi ysgrifennu sawl llythyr i gyngor Conwy a Gwynedd yn amlinellu rhai gwahanol atebion. Rwyf i wedi cyfarfod â'r holl weithredwyr bysiau, sydd eisiau cadw'r gwasanaeth hwn yn weithredol mewn gwirionedd. Mae'r sefyllfa mor ddifrifol bellach bod myfyrwyr a disgyblion yn gorfod dibynnu ar drafnidiaeth breifat i fynd o ardal Blaenau Ffestiniog i ysgol yn Llanrwst a'r coleg yn Llandrillo, ac ni all staff gyrraedd y gwaith. Dylai atebion fod wedi bod ar waith cyn i'r gwasanaeth hwn ddod i ben. Er enghraifft, gellid ymestyn y gwasanaeth Fflecsi i fyny coridor yr A470. Ond, mae Trafnidiaeth Cymru yn llusgo'u traed. Prif Weinidog - neu Drefnydd, yn yr achos hwn, pa gamau brys wnewch chi a'ch Llywodraeth eu cymryd i fynd i'r afael â'r problemau difrifol a achoswyd gan derfynu'r T19? Ac onid ydych chi'n cytuno â mi, yn yr oes sydd ohoni, ei bod yn argyfwng pan nad yw plant yn gallu cyrraedd yr ysgol? Diolch.

As the T19 service was operated commercially by the bus company, they have told us that, unfortunately, passenger growth has not matched the operator's expectations and driver shortages have impacted on their ability to continue to operate the weekday and the Saturday service on a purely commercial basis. So, I go back to an earlier answer: this is why we're trying to bring forward the bus Bill, and this is what happens when you have privatisation. [ Interruption.] Well, unfortunately, that's what we've got. It might be too late, but unfortunately, the privatisation was there. I think it's a bit unfair to say that Transport for Wales have failed. They work very closely with the local authorities to ensure - [ Interruption.] Your question was around Transport for Wales, and you said that they had failed. I'm just telling you they haven't failed, they've been working very closely with the local authorities to ensure that communities in the Conwy valley who were served by the T19 bus service are provided with suitable alternative travel arrangements. Your last point is very important: there need to be alternative travel arrangements to ensure - the example you gave was children getting to school. Those alternatives have been publicised and, as a Government, we're working with Bus Users Cymru to hold further passenger consultation events in the area over the next few weeks. So, I hope you'll publicise that to your constituents. And, of course, we are working on a new model for bus services in Wales, which will allow us to work with local authorities so that we can design together the bus networks that their communities need, because they're the ones best placed to enable us to work with them and make sure that we put contracts in place to deliver them. What we'll be doing as a Government is putting people before profits.

Gan fod y gwasanaeth T19 yn cael ei weithredu'n fasnachol gan y cwmni bysiau, maen nhw wedi dweud wrthym ni, yn anffodus, nad yw twf yn nifer y teithwyr wedi cyd-fynd â disgwyliadau'r gweithredwr ac mae prinder gyrwyr wedi effeithio ar eu gallu i barhau i weithredu'r gwasanaeth diwrnod gwaith a dydd Sadwrn ar sail fasnachol yn unig. Felly, rwy'n dychwelyd i ateb cynharach: dyma pam rydyn ni'n ceisio cyflwyno'r Bil bysiau, a dyma sy'n digwydd pan fydd gennych chi breifateiddio. [ Torri ar draws.] Wel, yn anffodus, dyna sydd gennym ni. Efallai ei bod hi'n rhy hwyr, ond yn anffodus, roedd y preifateiddio yno. Rwy'n credu ei bod hi braidd yn annheg dweud bod Trafnidiaeth Cymru wedi methu. Maen nhw'n gweithio'n agos iawn gyda'r awdurdodau lleol i sicrhau - [ Torri ar draws.] Roedd eich cwestiwn ynghylch Trafnidiaeth Cymru, ac fe wnaethoch chi ddweud eu bod nhw wedi methu. Y cwbl rwy'n ei wneud yw dweud wrthych chi nad ydyn nhw wedi methu, maen nhw wedi bod yn gweithio'n agos iawn gyda'r awdurdodau lleol i sicrhau bod cymunedau yn nyffryn Conwy a oedd yn cael eu gwasanaethu gan wasanaeth bysiau T19 yn cael trefniadau teithio amgen addas. Mae eich pwynt olaf yn bwysig iawn: mae angen trefniadau teithio amgen i sicrhau - yr enghraifft y gwnaethoch chi ei rhoi oedd plant yn cyrraedd yr ysgol. Mae'r dewisiadau amgen hynny wedi cael cyhoeddusrwydd ac, fel Llywodraeth, rydyn ni'n gweithio gyda Defnyddwyr Bysiau Cymru i gynnal digwyddiadau ymgynghori pellach â theithwyr yn yr ardal dros yr wythnosau nesaf. Felly, rwy'n gobeithio y gwnewch chi hysbysu eich etholwyr ynghylch hynny. Ac, wrth gwrs, rydyn ni'n gweithio ar fodel newydd ar gyfer gwasanaethau bysiau yng Nghymru, a fydd yn caniatáu i ni weithio gydag awdurdodau lleol fel y gallwn ni ddylunio gyda'n gilydd y rhwydweithiau bysiau y mae eu cymunedau eu hangen, oherwydd nhw yw'r rhai sydd yn y sefyllfa orau i'n caniatáu i weithio gyda nhw a gwneud yn siŵr ein bod ni'n rhoi contractau ar waith i'w darparu. Yr hyn y byddwn ni'n ei wneud fel Llywodraeth yw rhoi pobl cyn elw.

The Minister for Finance and Local Government attended a meeting of the Finance: Interministerial Standing Committee last week in Edinburgh to discuss the UK Government's spring budget with the Chief Secretary to the Treasury, amongst other finance-related issues.

Roedd y Gweinidog Cyllid a Llywodraeth Leol yn bresennol yng nghyfarfod y Pwyllgor Sefydlog Rhyngweinidogol ar Gyllid yr wythnos diwethaf yng Nghaeredin i drafod cyllideb wanwyn Llywodraeth y DU gyda Phrif Ysgrifennydd y Trysorlys, ymhlith materion eraill yn ymwneud â chyllid.

Thank you very much, Trefnydd. A fortnight ago, I raised with you the need for £500 million to ensure that Crossrail Cardiff goes from the bay to Llantrisant. With The Times reporting on Friday that the costs of HS2 have now reached £72 billion, how determined is the Welsh Government to ensure that we in Wales receive the Barnett consequential from this major project? Thank you.

Diolch yn fawr, Trefnydd. Bythefnos yn ôl, mi wnes i godi gyda chi yr angen am £500 miliwn i sicrhau bod Crossrail Caerdydd yn mynd o'r bae i Lantrisant. Gyda The Times yn adrodd dydd Gwener bod costau HS2 nawr wedi cyrraedd £72 biliwn, pa mor benderfynol ydy Llywodraeth Cymru i sicrhau ein bod ni yma yng Nghymru yn derbyn y Barnett consequential o'r prosiect enfawr yma? Diolch yn fawr.

I think I said a couple of weeks ago to you that we obviously support the Cardiff Crossrail project that the UK Government did announce under its levelling-up fund, and we're matching that investment, but we weren't involved in the development of that levelling-up fund, so we've had no role in strategy or delivery. I think the continued categorisation of HS2 by the UK Government as an England-Wales project, despite the recommendations by the Welsh Affairs Committee to reclassify as an England-only project, really scuppers our ability to be able to invest in rail in Wales. And I know that the Minister for Finance and Local Government continues to make that point to the Treasury, either to the Chancellor or to the Chief Secretary to the Treasury, and has asked the UK Government really to revisit the classification decision, and then provide Wales with a Barnett consequential, which would be around £5 billion. And, as I say, she did raise it again, I think, last week in her - she is nodding, so she did raise it again last week in her meeting with the Chief Secretary to the Treasury.

Rwy'n credu fy mod i wedi dweud ychydig wythnosau yn ôl wrthych chi ein bod ni'n amlwg yn cefnogi prosiect Cledrau Croesi Caerdydd y gwnaeth Llywodraeth y DU ei gyhoeddi o dan ei chronfa ffyniant bro, ac rydyn ni'n rhoi arian sy'n cyfateb i'r buddsoddiad hwnnw, ond nid oeddem ni'n rhan o ddatblygiad y gronfa ffyniant bro honno, felly ni fu gennym ni unrhyw swyddogaeth o ran strategaeth na darpariaeth. Rwy'n credu bod categoreiddio parhaus HS2 gan Lywodraeth y DU fel prosiect Cymru-Lloegr, er gwaethaf argymhellion y Pwyllgor Materion Cymreig i ailddosbarthu fel prosiect Lloegr yn unig, wir yn difetha ein gallu i fuddsoddi mewn rheilffyrdd yng Nghymru. A gwn fod y Gweinidog Cyllid a Llywodraeth Leol yn parhau i wneud y pwynt hwnnw i'r Trysorlys, naill ai i'r Canghellor neu i Brif Ysgrifennydd y Trysorlys, ac wedi gofyn i Lywodraeth y DU ailedrych yn wirioneddol ar y penderfyniad dosbarthu, ac yna rhoi swm canlyniadol Barnett i Gymru, a fyddai tua £5 biliwn. Ac, fel y dywedais, fe wnaeth hi ei godi eto, rwy'n credu, yr wythnos diwethaf yn ei - mae'n nodio, felly fe wnaeth hi ei godi eto yr wythnos diwethaf yn ei chyfarfod gyda Phrif Ysgrifennydd y Trysorlys.