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Q469 | how does nanotechnology affect health | Nanotechnology | The European Union has invested 1.2 billion and Japan 750 million dollars. | 00
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Q469 | how does nanotechnology affect health | Nanotechnology | Nanotechnology as defined by size is naturally very broad, including fields of science as diverse as surface science , organic chemistry , molecular biology , semiconductor physics , microfabrication , etc. | 00
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Q469 | how does nanotechnology affect health | Nanotechnology | The associated research and applications are equally diverse, ranging from extensions of conventional device physics to completely new approaches based upon molecular self-assembly , from developing new materials with dimensions on the nanoscale to direct control of matter on the atomic scale . | 00
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Q469 | how does nanotechnology affect health | Nanotechnology | Scientists currently debate the future implications of nanotechnology . | 00
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Q469 | how does nanotechnology affect health | Nanotechnology | Nanotechnology may be able to create many new materials and devices with a vast range of applications , such as in medicine , electronics , biomaterials and energy production. | 11
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Q469 | how does nanotechnology affect health | Nanotechnology | On the other hand, nanotechnology raises many of the same issues as any new technology, including concerns about the toxicity and environmental impact of nanomaterials, and their potential effects on global economics, as well as speculation about various doomsday scenarios . | 00
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Q469 | how does nanotechnology affect health | Nanotechnology | These concerns have led to a debate among advocacy groups and governments on whether special regulation of nanotechnology is warranted. | 00
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Q470 | what countries were depended on USSR after 1945 | Eastern Bloc | Map of the Eastern Bloc | 00
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Q470 | what countries were depended on USSR after 1945 | Eastern Bloc | The term Eastern Bloc or Communist Bloc refers to the former communist states of Central and Eastern Europe , generally the Soviet Union and the countries of the Warsaw Pact . | 00
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Q470 | what countries were depended on USSR after 1945 | Eastern Bloc | The terms Communist Bloc and Soviet Bloc were also used to denote groupings of states aligned with the Soviet Union, although these terms might include states outside Central and Eastern Europe . | 00
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Q474 | how much water is the human body made of | Body water | In physiology , body water is the water content of the human body . | 00
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Q474 | how much water is the human body made of | Body water | A significant fraction of the human body is water. | 00
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Q474 | how much water is the human body made of | Body water | Arthur Guyton 's Textbook of Medical Physiology states that "the total amount of water in a man of average weight (70 kilograms) is approximately 40 litres, averaging 57 percent of his total body weight. | 00
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Q474 | how much water is the human body made of | Body water | In a newborn infant, this may be as high as 75 percent of the body weight, but it progressively decreases from birth to old age, most of the decrease occurring during the first 10 years of life. | 00
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Q474 | how much water is the human body made of | Body water | Also, obesity decreases the percentage of water in the body, sometimes to as low as 45 percent". | 00
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Q474 | how much water is the human body made of | Body water | These figures are statistical averages, so are illustrative, and like all biostatistics, will vary with things like type of population, age and number of people sampled, and methodology. | 00
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Q474 | how much water is the human body made of | Body water | So there is not, and cannot be, a figure that is exactly the same for all people, for this or any other physiological measure. | 00
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Q474 | how much water is the human body made of | Body water | For example, Jackson's (1985) Anatomy & Physiology for Nurses gives a figure of 60% for the proportion of body-weight attributable to water, which approximates Guyton's 57%. | 00
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Q474 | how much water is the human body made of | Body water | In diseased states where body water is affected, the compartment or compartments that have changed can give clues to the nature of the problem. | 00
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Q474 | how much water is the human body made of | Body water | Body water is regulated by hormones , including anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide . | 00
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Q474 | how much water is the human body made of | Body water | Per Netter's Atlas of Human Physiology, body water is broken down into the following compartments: | 00
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Q474 | how much water is the human body made of | Body water | Intracellular fluid (2/3 of body water). | 00
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Q474 | how much water is the human body made of | Body water | Per Guyton, in a body containing 40 litres of fluid, about 25 litres is intracellular, which amounts to 62.5% (5/8), close enough to the 2/3 rule of thumb. | 00
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Q474 | how much water is the human body made of | Body water | Jackson's texts states 70% of body fluid is intracellular. | 00
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Q474 | how much water is the human body made of | Body water | Extracellular fluid (1/3 of body water). | 00
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Q474 | how much water is the human body made of | Body water | Per Guyton's illustration, for a 40 litre body, about 15 litres is extracellular, which amounts to 37.5% Again, this is close to the 1/3 rule of thumb cited here. | 00
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Q474 | how much water is the human body made of | Body water | Plasma (1/5 of extracellular fluid). | 00
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Q474 | how much water is the human body made of | Body water | Per Guyton's illustration, of the 15 litres of extracellular fluid, plasma volume averages 3 litres. | 00
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Q474 | how much water is the human body made of | Body water | This amounts to 20%, the same as per Netter's Atlas. | 00
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Q474 | how much water is the human body made of | Body water | Interstitial fluid (4/5 of extracellular fluid) | 00
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Q474 | how much water is the human body made of | Body water | Transcellular fluid (a.k.a. "third space," normally ignored in calculations) | 00
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Q474 | how much water is the human body made of | Body water | Contained inside organs, such as the gastrointestinal , cerebrospinal , peritoneal, and ocular fluids. | 00
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Q475 | what does low self esteem mean | Self-esteem | Self-esteem is a term used in psychology to reflect a person 's overall emotional evaluation of his or her own worth. | 00
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Q475 | what does low self esteem mean | Self-esteem | It is a judgement of oneself as well as an attitude toward the self. | 00
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Q475 | what does low self esteem mean | Self-esteem | Self-esteem encompasses beliefs (for example, "I am competent," "I am worthy") and emotions such as triumph, despair , pride and shame . | 00
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Q475 | what does low self esteem mean | Self-esteem | Smith and Mackie define it by saying "The self-concept is what we think about the self; self-esteem, is the positive or negative evaluations of the self, as in how we feel about it." | 00
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Q475 | what does low self esteem mean | Self-esteem | Self-esteem is also known as the evaluative dimension of the self that includes feelings of worthiness, prides and discouragement. | 00
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Q475 | what does low self esteem mean | Self-esteem | One's self-esteem is also closely associated with self-consciousness . | 00
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Q475 | what does low self esteem mean | Self-esteem | Self-esteem is a disposition that a person has which represents their judgements of their own worthiness. | 00
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Q475 | what does low self esteem mean | Self-esteem | In the mid-1960s, Morris Rosenberg and social-learning theorists defined self-esteem as a personal worth or worthiness. | 00
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Q475 | what does low self esteem mean | Self-esteem | Nathaniel Branden in 1969 defined self-esteem as "the experience of being competent to cope with the basic challenges of life and being worthy of happiness." | 00
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Q475 | what does low self esteem mean | Self-esteem | According to Branden, self-esteem is the sum of self-confidence (a feeling of personal capacity) and self-respect (a feeling of personal worth). | 00
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Q475 | what does low self esteem mean | Self-esteem | It exists as a consequence of the implicit judgement that every person has of their ability to face life's challenges, to understand and solve problems, and their right to achieve happiness , and be given respect. | 00
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Q475 | what does low self esteem mean | Self-esteem | As a social psychological construct, self-esteem is attractive because researchers have conceptualized it as an influential predictor of relevant outcomes, such as academic achievement (Marsh 1990) or exercise behavior (Hagger et al. 1998). | 00
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Q475 | what does low self esteem mean | Self-esteem | In addition, self-esteem has also been treated as an important outcome due to its close relation with psychological well-being (Marsh 1989). | 00
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Q475 | what does low self esteem mean | Self-esteem | Self-esteem can apply specifically to a particular dimension (for example, "I believe I am a good writer and I feel happy about that") or a global extent (for example, "I believe I am a bad person, and feel bad about myself in general"). | 00
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Q475 | what does low self esteem mean | Self-esteem | Psychologists usually regard self-esteem as an enduring personality characteristic ("trait" self-esteem), though normal, short-term variations ("state" self-esteem) also exist. | 00
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Q475 | what does low self esteem mean | Self-esteem | Synonyms or near-synonyms of self-esteem include: self-worth, self-regard, self-respect, and self-integrity. | 00
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Q477 | how long has Pilkington company existed | Pilkington | Pilkington Group Limited is a multinational glass manufacturing company headquartered in St Helens , United Kingdom and a wholly owned subsidiary of the Japan-based NSG Group . | 00
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Q477 | how long has Pilkington company existed | Pilkington | Prior to its acquisition by NSG in 2006 it was an independent company listed on the London Stock Exchange and for a time was a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index . | 00
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Q478 | what does quotations do in search | Quotation | A quotation is the repetition of one expression as part of another one, particularly when the quoted expression is well-known or explicitly attributed by citation to its original source, and it is indicated by ( punctuated with) quotation marks . | 00
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Q478 | what does quotations do in search | Quotation | A quotation can also refer to the repeated use of units of any other form of expression, especially parts of artistic works: elements of a painting , scenes from a movie or sections from a musical composition . | 00
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Q480 | how does black pepper grow | Black pepper | Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae , cultivated for its fruit , which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning . | 11
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Q480 | how does black pepper grow | Black pepper | The fruit, known as a peppercorn when dried, is approximately in diameter, dark red when fully mature, and, like all drupes , contains a single seed . | 00
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Q480 | how does black pepper grow | Black pepper | Peppercorns, and the ground pepper derived from them, may be described simply as pepper, or more precisely as black pepper (cooked and dried unripe fruit), green pepper (dried unripe fruit) and white pepper (dried ripe seeds). | 00
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Q480 | how does black pepper grow | Black pepper | Black pepper is native to south India , and is extensively cultivated there and elsewhere in tropical regions. | 00
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Q480 | how does black pepper grow | Black pepper | Currently Vietnam is the world's largest producer and exporter of pepper, producing 34% of the world's Piper nigrum crop as of 2008. | 00
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Q480 | how does black pepper grow | Black pepper | Dried ground pepper has been used since antiquity for both its flavour and as a medicine . | 00
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Q480 | how does black pepper grow | Black pepper | Black pepper is the world's most traded spice . | 00
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Q480 | how does black pepper grow | Black pepper | It is one of the most common spices added to European cuisine and its descendants. | 00
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Q480 | how does black pepper grow | Black pepper | The spiciness of black pepper is due to the chemical piperine , not to be confused with the capsaicin that gives fleshy peppers theirs. | 00
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Q480 | how does black pepper grow | Black pepper | It is in the modern world, often paired with salt . | 00
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Q481 | how frequent do you inspect hydrants | Fire hydrant | Fire hydrant in Charlottesville, Virginia, USA | 00
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Q481 | how frequent do you inspect hydrants | Fire hydrant | A fire hydrant (also known colloquially as a fire plug in the United States or as a johnny pump in New York City ), is an active fire protection measure, and a source of water provided in most urban, suburban and rural areas with municipal water service to enable firefighters to tap into the municipal water supply to assist in extinguishing a fire. | 00
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Q481 | how frequent do you inspect hydrants | Fire hydrant | Buildings near a hydrant may qualify for an insurance discount since firefighters should be able to more rapidly extinguish a fire on the insured property. | 00
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Q481 | how frequent do you inspect hydrants | Fire hydrant | The concept of fire plugs dates to at least the 17th century. | 00
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Q481 | how frequent do you inspect hydrants | Fire hydrant | This was a time when firefighters responding to a call would dig down to the wooden water mains and hastily bore a hole to secure water to fight fires. | 00
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Q481 | how frequent do you inspect hydrants | Fire hydrant | The water would fill the hole creating a temporary well, and be transported from the well to the fire by bucket brigades or, later, by hand-pumped fire engines . | 00
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Q481 | how frequent do you inspect hydrants | Fire hydrant | The holes were then plugged with stoppers, normally redwood, which over time came to be known as fire plugs. | 00
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Q481 | how frequent do you inspect hydrants | Fire hydrant | The location of the plug would often be recorded or marked so that it could be reused in future fires. | 00
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Q481 | how frequent do you inspect hydrants | Fire hydrant | This is the source of the colloquial term fire plug still used for fire hydrants today. | 00
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Q481 | how frequent do you inspect hydrants | Fire hydrant | After the Great Fire of London in 1666, the city installed water mains with holes drilled at intervals, equipped with risers, allowing an access point to the wooden fire plugs from street level. | 00
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Q481 | how frequent do you inspect hydrants | Fire hydrant | The invention of a post- or pillar-type fire hydrant is generally credited to Frederick Graff Sr., Chief Engineer of the Philadelphia Water Works around the year 1801. | 00
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Q481 | how frequent do you inspect hydrants | Fire hydrant | It had a combination hose/faucet outlet and was of "wet barrel" design with the valve in the top. | 00
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Q481 | how frequent do you inspect hydrants | Fire hydrant | It is said that Graff held the first patent for a fire hydrant, but this cannot be verified because the patent office in Washington D.C. caught on fire in 1836 destroying many patent records from that period in the process. | 00
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Q482 | how south african leaders are elected | President of South Africa | The President of the Republic of South Africa is the head of state and head of government under South Africa's Constitution . | 00
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Q482 | how south african leaders are elected | President of South Africa | From 1961 to 1994, the head of state was called the State President . | 00
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Q482 | how south african leaders are elected | President of South Africa | The President is elected by members of the National Assembly , the lower house of Parliament , and is usually the leader of the largest party, which has been the African National Congress since the first non-racial elections were held on 27 April 1994. | 11
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Q482 | how south african leaders are elected | President of South Africa | The role was originally founded to be distinct from the now defunct role of prime minister , but the two roles were merged in the 1983 constitution which specified a four-year term of office. | 00
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Q482 | how south african leaders are elected | President of South Africa | The 1993 and later constitutions limits the president's time in office to two five-year terms. | 00
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Q482 | how south african leaders are elected | President of South Africa | The first President to be elected under the new constitution was Nelson Mandela , and the incumbent president is Jacob Zuma . | 00
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Q482 | how south african leaders are elected | President of South Africa | Under the interim Constitution (valid from 1994 to 1996), there was a Government of National Unity , in which an MP from the largest opposition party was entitled to a position as Deputy President . | 00
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Q482 | how south african leaders are elected | President of South Africa | Along with Thabo Mbeki, the last State President, F.W. De Klerk also served as Deputy President, in his capacity as the leader of the National Party which was the second-largest party in the new Parliament. | 00
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Q482 | how south african leaders are elected | President of South Africa | But De Klerk later resigned and went into opposition with his party. | 00
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Q482 | how south african leaders are elected | President of South Africa | A voluntary coalition government continues to exist under the new constitution (adopted in 1996), although there have been no appointments of opposition politicians to the post of deputy president. | 00
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Q483 | how school librarians support students with disabilities in europe | Special education | Special education or special needs education is the education of students with special needs in a way that addresses the students' individual differences and needs. | 00
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Q483 | how school librarians support students with disabilities in europe | Special education | Ideally, this process involves the individually planned and systematically monitored arrangement of teaching procedures, adapted equipment and materials, accessible settings, and other interventions designed to help learners with special needs achieve a higher level of personal self-sufficiency and success in school and community than would be available if the student were only given access to a typical classroom education. | 00
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Q483 | how school librarians support students with disabilities in europe | Special education | Common special needs include challenges with learning , communication challenges, emotional and behavioral disorders , physical disabilities , and developmental disorders . | 00
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Q483 | how school librarians support students with disabilities in europe | Special education | Students with these kinds of special needs are likely to benefit from additional educational services such as different approaches to teaching, use of technology, a specifically adapted teaching area, or resource room . | 00
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Q483 | how school librarians support students with disabilities in europe | Special education | Intellectual giftedness is a difference in learning and can also benefit from specialized teaching techniques or different educational programs, but the term "special education" is generally used to specifically indicate instruction of students whose special needs reduce their ability to learn independently or in an ordinary classroom, and gifted education is handled separately. | 00
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Q483 | how school librarians support students with disabilities in europe | Special education | In most developed countries, educators are modifying teaching methods and environments so that the maximum number of students are served in general education environments. | 00
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Q483 | how school librarians support students with disabilities in europe | Special education | Special education in developed countries is often regarded less as a "place" and more as "a range of services, available in every school." | 00
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Q483 | how school librarians support students with disabilities in europe | Special education | Integration can reduce social stigmas and improve academic achievement for many students. | 00
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Q483 | how school librarians support students with disabilities in europe | Special education | The opposite of special education is general education. | 00
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Q483 | how school librarians support students with disabilities in europe | Special education | General education is the standard curriculum presented with standard teaching methods and without additional supports. | 00
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Q484 | what does the name "soros" mean? | George Soros | George Soros ( or ; ; ; born August 12, 1930, as Schwartz György) is a Hungarian-American business magnate , investor , and philanthropist . | 00
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Q484 | what does the name "soros" mean? | George Soros | He is the chairman of Soros Fund Management . | 00
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Q484 | what does the name "soros" mean? | George Soros | Soros supports progressive-liberal causes. | 00
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Q484 | what does the name "soros" mean? | George Soros | He is known as "The Man Who Broke the Bank of England " because of his in investment profits during the 1992 Black Wednesday UK currency crisis . | 00
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Q484 | what does the name "soros" mean? | George Soros | Between 1979 and 2011, Soros gave away over $8 billion to human rights, public health, and education causes. | 00
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