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Q484 | what does the name "soros" mean? | George Soros | He played a significant role in the peaceful transition from communism to capitalism in Hungary (1984–89) and provided one of Europe's largest higher education endowments to Central European University in Budapest . | 00
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Q484 | what does the name "soros" mean? | George Soros | Soros is also the chairman of the Open Society Institute . | 00
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Q485 | how was the phone invented | Invention of the telephone | An actor portraying Alexander Graham Bell speaking into an early model telephone. | 00
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Q485 | how was the phone invented | Invention of the telephone | The invention of the telephone is the culmination of work done by many individuals, the history of which involves a collection of claims and counterclaims. | 11
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Q485 | how was the phone invented | Invention of the telephone | The development of the modern electrical telephone involved an array of lawsuits founded upon the patent claims of several individuals and numerous companies. | 00
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Q485 | how was the phone invented | Invention of the telephone | This article covers the early years from 1844 to 1898, from conception of the idea of an electric voice-transmission device, to failed attempts to use "make-and-break" current, to successful experiments with electromagnetic telephones by Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Watson , and finally to commercially successful telephones in the late 19th century. | 00
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Q487 | what can i do with a masters of fine arts degree | Master of Fine Arts | A Master of Fine Arts (MFA, M.F.A.) is a graduate degree typically requiring 2–3 years of postgraduate study beyond the bachelor's degree ( BFA ), although the term of study will vary by country or by university. | 00
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Q487 | what can i do with a masters of fine arts degree | Master of Fine Arts | The MFA is a creative degree usually awarded as a terminal degree in visual arts , creative writing , filmmaking , dance , or theatre and other performing arts . | 00
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Q487 | what can i do with a masters of fine arts degree | Master of Fine Arts | Coursework is primarily of an applied or performing nature with the program often culminating in a major work or performance . | 00
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Q487 | what can i do with a masters of fine arts degree | Master of Fine Arts | Master of Fine Arts programs have generally required a bachelor's degree prior to admission, but many do not require that the undergraduate major be the same as the MFA field of study. | 00
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Q487 | what can i do with a masters of fine arts degree | Master of Fine Arts | The most important admissions requirement has often been a sample portfolio or a performance audition . | 00
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Q487 | what can i do with a masters of fine arts degree | Master of Fine Arts | The Master of Fine Arts differs from the Master of Arts in that the MFA, while an academic program, centers around practice in the particular field, whereas programs leading to the MA usually center on the scholarly, academic, or critical study of the field. | 00
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Q487 | what can i do with a masters of fine arts degree | Master of Fine Arts | Additionally, in the United States, an MFA is recognized as a terminal degree for practitioners of Visual Art, Design, Dance, Theatre, Film/Video, New Media, and Creative Writing - meaning that it is considered to be the highest degree in its field, and is used as a minimum qualification to be able to apply to become a Full-Time Professor teaching at the University level in these disciplines. | 00
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Q487 | what can i do with a masters of fine arts degree | Master of Fine Arts | There are exceptions to this standard in the Arts, notably in the case of music performance, where the MFA is not seen as a terminal degree in the context of the more standardized DMA degree. | 00
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Q487 | what can i do with a masters of fine arts degree | Master of Fine Arts | It is also critical to note that in the interest of extending the connection between creative production and continued academic research , some universities have established practice-based Ph.D programs in fields such as creative writing , visual arts , new media , design and theater . | 00
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Q487 | what can i do with a masters of fine arts degree | Master of Fine Arts | While this has had an effect in Creative Writing, and to a lesser extent in design and new media, the influx of graduates from practice-based PhD programs has not appreciably changed the standard for the MFA as the terminal degree in most Arts disciplines yet. | 00
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Q487 | what can i do with a masters of fine arts degree | Master of Fine Arts | This is an ongoing contentious topic, and is the frequent subject of academic panels, especially at the annual College Art Association conference. | 00
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Q487 | what can i do with a masters of fine arts degree | Master of Fine Arts | The CAA 2008 guidelines regarding the MFA strongly re-affirms that the PhD is not required as a terminal degree in the visual arts. | 00
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Q488 | how many died in hiroshima and nagasaki | Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki | The atomic bombings of the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan were conducted by the United States during the final stages of World War II in 1945. | 00
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Q488 | how many died in hiroshima and nagasaki | Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki | The two events are the only use of nuclear weapons in war to date. | 00
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Q488 | how many died in hiroshima and nagasaki | Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki | Following a firebombing campaign that destroyed many Japanese cities, the Allies prepared for a costly invasion of Japan . | 00
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Q488 | how many died in hiroshima and nagasaki | Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki | The war in Europe ended when Nazi Germany signed its instrument of surrender on 8 May, but the Pacific War continued. | 00
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Q488 | how many died in hiroshima and nagasaki | Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki | Together with the United Kingdom and the Republic of China , the United States called for a surrender of Japan in the Potsdam Declaration on 26 July 1945, threatening Japan with "prompt and utter destruction". | 00
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Q488 | how many died in hiroshima and nagasaki | Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki | The Japanese government ignored this ultimatum, and the United States deployed two nuclear weapons developed by the Manhattan Project . | 00
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Q488 | how many died in hiroshima and nagasaki | Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki | American airmen dropped Little Boy on the city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945, followed by Fat Man over Nagasaki on 9 August. | 00
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Q488 | how many died in hiroshima and nagasaki | Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki | Within the first two to four months of the bombings, the acute effects killed 90,000–166,000 people in Hiroshima and 60,000–80,000 in Nagasaki, with roughly half of the deaths in each city occurring on the first day. | 11
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Q488 | how many died in hiroshima and nagasaki | Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki | The Hiroshima prefecture health department estimated that, of the people who died on the day of the explosion, 60% died from flash or flame burns, 30% from falling debris and 10% from other causes. | 00
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Q488 | how many died in hiroshima and nagasaki | Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki | During the following months, large numbers died from the effect of burns, radiation sickness , and other injuries, compounded by illness. | 00
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Q488 | how many died in hiroshima and nagasaki | Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki | In a US estimate of the total immediate and short term cause of death, 15–20% died from radiation sickness, 20–30% from burns, and 50–60% from other injuries, compounded by illness. | 00
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Q488 | how many died in hiroshima and nagasaki | Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki | In both cities, most of the dead were civilians, although Hiroshima had a sizeable garrison. | 00
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Q488 | how many died in hiroshima and nagasaki | Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki | On 15 August, six days after the bombing of Nagasaki, Japan announced its surrender to the Allies, signing the Instrument of Surrender on 2 September, officially ending World War II. | 00
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Q488 | how many died in hiroshima and nagasaki | Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki | The bombings led, in part, to post-war Japan 's adopting Three Non-Nuclear Principles , forbidding the nation from nuclear armament. | 00
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Q488 | how many died in hiroshima and nagasaki | Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki | The role of the bombings in Japan's surrender and their ethical justification are still debated . | 00
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Q492 | how did mohammed gandhi die | Mahatma Gandhi | Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (; 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948), commonly known as Mahatma Gandhi, was the preeminent leader of Indian nationalism in British-ruled India . | 00
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Q492 | how did mohammed gandhi die | Mahatma Gandhi | Employing non-violent civil disobedience , Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for non-violence, civil rights and freedom across the world. | 00
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Q492 | how did mohammed gandhi die | Mahatma Gandhi | The son of a senior government official, Gandhi was born and raised in a Hindu Bania community in coastal Gujarat , and trained in law in London. | 00
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Q492 | how did mohammed gandhi die | Mahatma Gandhi | Gandhi became famous by fighting for the civil rights of Muslim and Hindu Indians in South Africa, using new techniques of non-violent civil disobedience that he developed. | 00
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Q492 | how did mohammed gandhi die | Mahatma Gandhi | Returning to India in 1915, he set about organising peasants to protest excessive land-taxes. | 00
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Q492 | how did mohammed gandhi die | Mahatma Gandhi | A lifelong opponent of " communalism " (i.e. basing politics on religion) he reached out widely to all religious groups. | 00
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Q492 | how did mohammed gandhi die | Mahatma Gandhi | He became a leader of Muslims protesting the declining status of the Caliphate . | 00
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Q492 | how did mohammed gandhi die | Mahatma Gandhi | Assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns for easing poverty, expanding women's rights, building religious and ethnic amity, ending untouchability , increasing economic self-reliance, and above all for achieving Swaraj —the independence of India from British domination. | 00
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Q492 | how did mohammed gandhi die | Mahatma Gandhi | Gandhi led Indians in protesting the national salt tax with the Dandi Salt March in 1930, and later in demanding the British to immediately Quit India in 1942, during World War II . | 00
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Q492 | how did mohammed gandhi die | Mahatma Gandhi | He was imprisoned for that and for numerous other political offenses over the years. | 00
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Q492 | how did mohammed gandhi die | Mahatma Gandhi | Gandhi sought to practice non-violence and truth in all situations, and advocated that others do the same. | 00
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Q492 | how did mohammed gandhi die | Mahatma Gandhi | He saw the villages as the core of the true India and promoted self-sufficiency; he did not support the industrialization programs of his disciple Jawaharlal Nehru . | 00
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Q492 | how did mohammed gandhi die | Mahatma Gandhi | He lived modestly in a self-sufficient residential community and wore the traditional Indian dhoti and shawl, woven with yarn he had hand spun on a charkha . | 00
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Q492 | how did mohammed gandhi die | Mahatma Gandhi | His chief political enemy in Britain was Winston Churchill , who ridiculed him as a "half-naked fakir ." | 00
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Q492 | how did mohammed gandhi die | Mahatma Gandhi | He was a dedicated vegetarian, and undertook long fasts as means of both self-purification and political mobilization. | 00
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Q492 | how did mohammed gandhi die | Mahatma Gandhi | In his last year, unhappy at the partition of India , Gandhi worked to stop the carnage between Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs that raged in the border area between India and Pakistan. | 00
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Q492 | how did mohammed gandhi die | Mahatma Gandhi | He was assassinated on 30 January 1948 by Nathuram Godse who thought Gandhi was too sympathetic to India's Muslims. | 11
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Q492 | how did mohammed gandhi die | Mahatma Gandhi | 30 January is observed as Martyrs' Day in India. | 00
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Q492 | how did mohammed gandhi die | Mahatma Gandhi | The honorific Mahatma ("Great Soul") was applied to him by 1914. | 00
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Q492 | how did mohammed gandhi die | Mahatma Gandhi | In India he was also called Bapu ("Father"). | 00
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Q492 | how did mohammed gandhi die | Mahatma Gandhi | He is known in India as the Father of the Nation ; his birthday, 2 October, is commemorated there as Gandhi Jayanti , a national holiday , and world-wide as the International Day of Non-Violence . | 00
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Q492 | how did mohammed gandhi die | Mahatma Gandhi | Gandhi's philosophy was not theoretical but one of pragmatism, that is, practicing his principles in the moment. | 00
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Q492 | how did mohammed gandhi die | Mahatma Gandhi | Asked to give a message to the people, he would respond, "My life is my message." | 00
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Q493 | how did Joan Crawford die? | Joan Crawford | Joan Crawford (March 23, ca. 1904 – May 10, 1977), born Lucille Fay LeSueur, was an American actress in film, television and theatre. | 00
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Q493 | how did Joan Crawford die? | Joan Crawford | Starting as a dancer in traveling theatrical companies before debuting on Broadway , Crawford was signed to a motion picture contract by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1925. | 00
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Q493 | how did Joan Crawford die? | Joan Crawford | Initially frustrated by the size and quality of her parts, Crawford began a campaign of self-publicity and became nationally known as a flapper by the end of the 1920s. | 00
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Q493 | how did Joan Crawford die? | Joan Crawford | In the 1930s, Crawford's fame rivaled, and later outlasted, MGM colleagues Norma Shearer and Greta Garbo . | 00
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Q493 | how did Joan Crawford die? | Joan Crawford | Crawford often played hardworking young women who find romance and financial success. | 00
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Q493 | how did Joan Crawford die? | Joan Crawford | These "rags-to-riches" stories were well received by Depression -era audiences and were popular with women. | 00
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Q493 | how did Joan Crawford die? | Joan Crawford | Crawford became one of Hollywood's most prominent movie stars and one of the highest paid women in the United States, but her films began losing money and by the end of the 1930s she was labeled "box office poison". | 00
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Q493 | how did Joan Crawford die? | Joan Crawford | After an absence of nearly two years from the screen, Crawford staged a comeback by starring in Mildred Pierce (1945), for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress . | 00
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Q493 | how did Joan Crawford die? | Joan Crawford | In 1955, she became involved with the Pepsi-Cola Company through her marriage to company Chairman Alfred Steele . | 00
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Q493 | how did Joan Crawford die? | Joan Crawford | After his death in 1959, Crawford was elected to fill his vacancy on the board of directors but was forcibly retired in 1973. | 00
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Q493 | how did Joan Crawford die? | Joan Crawford | She continued acting in film and television regularly through the 1960s, when her performances became fewer; after the release of the British horror film Trog in 1970, Crawford retired from the screen. | 00
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Q493 | how did Joan Crawford die? | Joan Crawford | Following a public appearance in 1974, after which unflattering photographs were published, Crawford withdrew from public life and became increasingly reclusive until her death in 1977. | 00
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Q493 | how did Joan Crawford die? | Joan Crawford | Crawford married four times. | 00
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Q493 | how did Joan Crawford die? | Joan Crawford | Her first three marriages ended in divorce; the last ended with the death of husband Alfred Steele. | 00
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Q493 | how did Joan Crawford die? | Joan Crawford | She adopted five children, one of whom was reclaimed by his birth mother. | 00
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Q493 | how did Joan Crawford die? | Joan Crawford | Crawford's relationships with her two older children, Christina and Christopher, were acrimonious. | 00
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Q493 | how did Joan Crawford die? | Joan Crawford | Crawford disinherited the two and, after Crawford's death, Christina wrote a "tell-all" memoir, Mommie Dearest , in which she alleged a lifelong pattern of physical and emotional abuse perpetrated by Crawford. | 00
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Q493 | how did Joan Crawford die? | Joan Crawford | She was voted the tenth greatest female star in the history of American cinema by the American Film Institute . | 00
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Q494 | what does tonneau mean on a watch? | Tonneau | 1910 Buick Tonneau without tonneau cover | 00
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Q494 | what does tonneau mean on a watch? | Tonneau | 1903 Ford Model A rear-door Tonneau | 00
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Q494 | what does tonneau mean on a watch? | Tonneau | 1903 Lanchester rear-door Tonneau | 00
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Q494 | what does tonneau mean on a watch? | Tonneau | Tonneau cover ( or ) describes a hard or soft cover used to protect unoccupied passenger seats in a convertible or roadster , or the cargo bed in a pickup truck . | 00
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Q494 | what does tonneau mean on a watch? | Tonneau | Hard tonneau covers open by a hinging or folding mechanism while soft covers open by rolling up. | 00
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Q494 | what does tonneau mean on a watch? | Tonneau | The tonneau cover is used to conceal cargo. | 00
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Q494 | what does tonneau mean on a watch? | Tonneau | When the cover is pulled out, it keeps items out of the sun and provides extra security by keeping personal items out of sight, as well as shielding the driver from view. | 00
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Q495 | how many users do twitter have | Twitter | Twitter is an online social networking service and microblogging service that enables its users to send and read text-based messages of up to 140 characters , known as "tweets". | 00
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Q495 | how many users do twitter have | Twitter | Twitter was created in March 2006 by Jack Dorsey and by July, the social networking site was launched. | 00
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Q495 | how many users do twitter have | Twitter | The service rapidly gained worldwide popularity, with over 500 million registered users as of 2012, generating over 340 million tweets daily and handling over 1.6 billion search queries per day. | 11
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Q495 | how many users do twitter have | Twitter | Since its launch, Twitter has become one of the ten most visited websites on the Internet, and has been described as "the SMS of the Internet ." | 00
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Q495 | how many users do twitter have | Twitter | Unregistered users can read tweets, while registered users can post tweets through the website interface, SMS, or a range of apps for mobile devices. | 00
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Q495 | how many users do twitter have | Twitter | Twitter Inc. is based in San Francisco , with additional servers and offices in New York City , Boston , and San Antonio . | 00
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Q496 | what does doug's father in law say about vegas before he leaves the hangover | The Hangover | The Hangover is a 2009 American comedy film , co-produced and directed by Todd Phillips and written by Jon Lucas and Scott Moore . | 00
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Q496 | what does doug's father in law say about vegas before he leaves the hangover | The Hangover | It is the first film of The Hangover franchise .The film stars Bradley Cooper , Ed Helms , Zach Galifianakis , Heather Graham , Justin Bartha , and Jeffrey Tambor . | 00
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Q496 | what does doug's father in law say about vegas before he leaves the hangover | The Hangover | The Hangover tells the story of Phil Wenneck, Stu Price and Alan Garner, who travel to Las Vegas for a bachelor party to celebrate their friend Doug Billings' impending marriage. | 00
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Q496 | what does doug's father in law say about vegas before he leaves the hangover | The Hangover | However, Phil, Stu and Alan have no memory of the previous night's events and must find Doug before the wedding can take place. | 00
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Q496 | what does doug's father in law say about vegas before he leaves the hangover | The Hangover | Lucas and Moore wrote the script after executive producer Chris Bender's friend disappeared and had a large bill after being sent to a strip club. | 00
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Q496 | what does doug's father in law say about vegas before he leaves the hangover | The Hangover | After Lucas and Moore sold it to the studio for $2 million, Philips and Jeremy Garelick rewrote the script to include a tiger as well as a subplot involving a baby and a police cruiser, and also including boxer Mike Tyson . | 00
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Q496 | what does doug's father in law say about vegas before he leaves the hangover | The Hangover | Filming took place in Nevada for 15 days, and during filming, the three main actors (Cooper, Helms and Galifianakis) formed a friendship. | 00
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Q496 | what does doug's father in law say about vegas before he leaves the hangover | The Hangover | The Hangover was released on June 5, 2009, becoming a critical and commercial success. | 00
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Q496 | what does doug's father in law say about vegas before he leaves the hangover | The Hangover | It became the tenth-highest-grossing film of 2009, with a worldwide gross of over US$467 million. | 00
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Q496 | what does doug's father in law say about vegas before he leaves the hangover | The Hangover | Critics praised the film's comedic approach but criticized it for its vulgarity. | 00
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Q496 | what does doug's father in law say about vegas before he leaves the hangover | The Hangover | The film won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy , and received multiple other accolades. | 00
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Q496 | what does doug's father in law say about vegas before he leaves the hangover | The Hangover | It is the tenth-highest-grossing film of 2009 in the world, as well as the second highest-grossing R-rated comedy ever in the United States, surpassing a record previously held by Beverly Hills Cop for almost 25 years and later being surpassed by Ted in 2012. | 00
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Q496 | what does doug's father in law say about vegas before he leaves the hangover | The Hangover | Out of all R-rated films, it is the third highest-grossing ever in the U.S., behind only The Passion of the Christ and The Matrix Reloaded . | 00
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