bio-datasets/bigbio-ner-merged · Datasets at Hugging Face

answer stringlengths 1 16.1k	id stringlengths 7 56	instruction stringlengths 106 72.6k	ner_tags sequence	text stringlengths 5 72.4k	tokens sequence	types sequence
triglyceride	22532505_task2	Sentence: Extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis reduced body weight and blood triglyceride in db/db Mice. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis reduced body weight and blood triglyceride in db/db Mice.	[ "Extracts", "of", "Scutellaria", "baicalensis", "reduced", "body", "weight", "and", "blood", "triglyceride", "in", "db", "/", "db", "Mice", "." ]	[ "GENE-N", "CHEMICAL" ]
mycobacterium protein tyrosine phosphatase B is a GENE-N, 6-Hydroxy - benzofuran-5-carboxylic acid is a CHEMICAL	23305444_task0	Sentence: Discovery and evaluation of novel inhibitors of mycobacterium protein tyrosine phosphatase B from the 6-Hydroxy-benzofuran-5-carboxylic acid scaffold. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: GENE-N, CHEMICAL	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O" ]	Discovery and evaluation of novel inhibitors of mycobacterium protein tyrosine phosphatase B from the 6-Hydroxy-benzofuran-5-carboxylic acid scaffold.	[ "Discovery", "and", "evaluation", "of", "novel", "inhibitors", "of", "mycobacterium", "protein", "tyrosine", "phosphatase", "B", "from", "the", "6-Hydroxy", "-", "benzofuran-5-carboxylic", "acid", "scaffold", "." ]	[ "GENE-N", "CHEMICAL", "GENE-Y" ]
mycobacterium protein tyrosine phosphatase B is a GENE-N, 6-Hydroxy - benzofuran-5-carboxylic acid is a CHEMICAL	23305444_task1	Sentence: Discovery and evaluation of novel inhibitors of mycobacterium protein tyrosine phosphatase B from the 6-Hydroxy-benzofuran-5-carboxylic acid scaffold. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: mycobacterium protein tyrosine phosphatase B, 6-Hydroxy - benzofuran-5-carboxylic acid Options: GENE-N, CHEMICAL	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O" ]	Discovery and evaluation of novel inhibitors of mycobacterium protein tyrosine phosphatase B from the 6-Hydroxy-benzofuran-5-carboxylic acid scaffold.	[ "Discovery", "and", "evaluation", "of", "novel", "inhibitors", "of", "mycobacterium", "protein", "tyrosine", "phosphatase", "B", "from", "the", "6-Hydroxy", "-", "benzofuran-5-carboxylic", "acid", "scaffold", "." ]	[ "GENE-N", "CHEMICAL", "GENE-Y" ]
mycobacterium protein tyrosine phosphatase B, 6-Hydroxy - benzofuran-5-carboxylic acid	23305444_task2	Sentence: Discovery and evaluation of novel inhibitors of mycobacterium protein tyrosine phosphatase B from the 6-Hydroxy-benzofuran-5-carboxylic acid scaffold. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O" ]	Discovery and evaluation of novel inhibitors of mycobacterium protein tyrosine phosphatase B from the 6-Hydroxy-benzofuran-5-carboxylic acid scaffold.	[ "Discovery", "and", "evaluation", "of", "novel", "inhibitors", "of", "mycobacterium", "protein", "tyrosine", "phosphatase", "B", "from", "the", "6-Hydroxy", "-", "benzofuran-5-carboxylic", "acid", "scaffold", "." ]	[ "GENE-N", "CHEMICAL", "GENE-Y" ]
TIGR / Myocilin is a Gene	325_task0	Sentence: Prevalence of mutations in TIGR/Myocilin in patients with adult and juvenile primary open-angle glaucoma. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Gene	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Prevalence of mutations in TIGR/Myocilin in patients with adult and juvenile primary open-angle glaucoma.	[ "Prevalence", "of", "mutations", "in", "TIGR", "/", "Myocilin", "in", "patients", "with", "adult", "and", "juvenile", "primary", "open", "-", "angle", "glaucoma", ".", "\n" ]	[ "Gene" ]
TIGR / Myocilin is a Gene	325_task1	Sentence: Prevalence of mutations in TIGR/Myocilin in patients with adult and juvenile primary open-angle glaucoma. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: TIGR / Myocilin Options: Gene	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Prevalence of mutations in TIGR/Myocilin in patients with adult and juvenile primary open-angle glaucoma.	[ "Prevalence", "of", "mutations", "in", "TIGR", "/", "Myocilin", "in", "patients", "with", "adult", "and", "juvenile", "primary", "open", "-", "angle", "glaucoma", ".", "\n" ]	[ "Gene" ]
TIGR / Myocilin	325_task2	Sentence: Prevalence of mutations in TIGR/Myocilin in patients with adult and juvenile primary open-angle glaucoma. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Prevalence of mutations in TIGR/Myocilin in patients with adult and juvenile primary open-angle glaucoma.	[ "Prevalence", "of", "mutations", "in", "TIGR", "/", "Myocilin", "in", "patients", "with", "adult", "and", "juvenile", "primary", "open", "-", "angle", "glaucoma", ".", "\n" ]	[ "Gene" ]
vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 is a Protein, VCAM-1 is a Protein, interleukin ( IL)-1 alpha is a Protein, VCAM-1 is a Protein, IL-1 alpha is a Protein, IL-1 beta is a Protein, IL-4 is a Protein, tumor necrosis factor is a Protein, TNF alpha is a Protein, E - selectin is a Protein, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 is a Protein, IL-6 is a Protein, IL-8 is a Protein, VCAM-1 is a Protein, VCAM-1 is a Protein, VCAM-1 is a Protein, VCAM-1 is a Protein	7542286_task0	Sentence: Nitric oxide decreases cytokine-induced endothelial activation. Nitric oxide selectively reduces endothelial expression of adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokines. To test the hypothesis that nitric oxide (NO) limits endothelial activation, we treated cytokine-stimulated human saphenous vein endothelial cells with several NO donors and assessed their effects on the inducible expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). In a concentration-dependent manner, NO inhibited interleukin (IL)-1 alpha-stimulated VCAM-1 expression by 35-55% as determined by cell surface enzyme immunoassays and flow cytometry. This inhibition was paralleled by reduced monocyte adhesion to endothelial monolayers in nonstatic assays, was unaffected by cGMP analogues, and was quantitatively similar after stimulation by either IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-4, tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha), or bacterial lipopolysaccharide. NO also decreased the endothelial expression of other leukocyte adhesion molecules (E-selectin and to a lesser extent, intercellular adhesion molecule-1) and secretable cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8). Inhibition of endogenous NO production by L-N-monomethyl-arginine also induced the expression of VCAM-1, but did not augment cytokine-induced VCAM-1 expression. Nuclear run-on assays, transfection studies using various VCAM-1 promoter reporter gene constructs, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that NO represses VCAM-1 gene transcription, in part, by inhibiting NF-kappa B. We propose that NO's ability to limit endothelial activation and inhibit monocyte adhesion may contribute to some of its antiatherogenic and antiinflammatory properties within the vessel wall. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Nitric oxide decreases cytokine-induced endothelial activation. Nitric oxide selectively reduces endothelial expression of adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokines. To test the hypothesis that nitric oxide (NO) limits endothelial activation, we treated cytokine-stimulated human saphenous vein endothelial cells with several NO donors and assessed their effects on the inducible expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). In a concentration-dependent manner, NO inhibited interleukin (IL)-1 alpha-stimulated VCAM-1 expression by 35-55% as determined by cell surface enzyme immunoassays and flow cytometry. This inhibition was paralleled by reduced monocyte adhesion to endothelial monolayers in nonstatic assays, was unaffected by cGMP analogues, and was quantitatively similar after stimulation by either IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-4, tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha), or bacterial lipopolysaccharide. NO also decreased the endothelial expression of other leukocyte adhesion molecules (E-selectin and to a lesser extent, intercellular adhesion molecule-1) and secretable cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8). Inhibition of endogenous NO production by L-N-monomethyl-arginine also induced the expression of VCAM-1, but did not augment cytokine-induced VCAM-1 expression. Nuclear run-on assays, transfection studies using various VCAM-1 promoter reporter gene constructs, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that NO represses VCAM-1 gene transcription, in part, by inhibiting NF-kappa B. We propose that NO's ability to limit endothelial activation and inhibit monocyte adhesion may contribute to some of its antiatherogenic and antiinflammatory properties within the vessel wall.	[ "Nitric", "oxide", "decreases", "cytokine", "-", "induced", "endothelial", "activation", ".", "Nitric", "oxide", "selectively", "reduces", "endothelial", "expression", "of", "adhesion", "molecules", "and", "proinflammatory", "cytokines", ".", "\n", "To", "test", "the", "hypothesis", "that", "nitric", "oxide", "(", "NO", ")", "limits", "endothelial", "activation", ",", "we", "treated", "cytokine", "-", "stimulated", "human", "saphenous", "vein", "endothelial", "cells", "with", "several", "NO", "donors", "and", "assessed", "their", "effects", "on", "the", "inducible", "expression", "of", "vascular", "cell", "adhesion", "molecule-1", "(", "VCAM-1", ")", ".", "In", "a", "concentration", "-", "dependent", "manner", ",", "NO", "inhibited", "interleukin", "(", "IL)-1", "alpha", "-", "stimulated", "VCAM-1", "expression", "by", "35", "-", "55", "%", "as", "determined", "by", "cell", "surface", "enzyme", "immunoassays", "and", "flow", "cytometry", ".", "This", "inhibition", "was", "paralleled", "by", "reduced", "monocyte", "adhesion", "to", "endothelial", "monolayers", "in", "nonstatic", "assays", ",", "was", "unaffected", "by", "cGMP", "analogues", ",", "and", "was", "quantitatively", "similar", "after", "stimulation", "by", "either", "IL-1", "alpha", ",", "IL-1", "beta", ",", "IL-4", ",", "tumor", "necrosis", "factor", "(", "TNF", "alpha", ")", ",", "or", "bacterial", "lipopolysaccharide", ".", "NO", "also", "decreased", "the", "endothelial", "expression", "of", "other", "leukocyte", "adhesion", "molecules", "(", "E", "-", "selectin", "and", "to", "a", "lesser", "extent", ",", "intercellular", "adhesion", "molecule-1", ")", "and", "secretable", "cytokines", "(", "IL-6", "and", "IL-8", ")", ".", "Inhibition", "of", "endogenous", "NO", "production", "by", "L", "-", "N", "-", "monomethyl", "-", "arginine", "also", "induced", "the", "expression", "of", "VCAM-1", ",", "but", "did", "not", "augment", "cytokine", "-", "induced", "VCAM-1", "expression", ".", "Nuclear", "run", "-", "on", "assays", ",", "transfection", "studies", "using", "various", "VCAM-1", "promoter", "reporter", "gene", "constructs", ",", "and", "electrophoretic", "mobility", "shift", "assays", "indicated", "that", "NO", "represses", "VCAM-1", "gene", "transcription", ",", "in", "part", ",", "by", "inhibiting", "NF", "-", "kappa", "B.", "We", "propose", "that", "NO", "'s", "ability", "to", "limit", "endothelial", "activation", "and", "inhibit", "monocyte", "adhesion", "may", "contribute", "to", "some", "of", "its", "antiatherogenic", "and", "antiinflammatory", "properties", "within", "the", "vessel", "wall", "." ]	[ "Protein" ]
vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 is a Protein, VCAM-1 is a Protein, interleukin ( IL)-1 alpha is a Protein, VCAM-1 is a Protein, IL-1 alpha is a Protein, IL-1 beta is a Protein, IL-4 is a Protein, tumor necrosis factor is a Protein, TNF alpha is a Protein, E - selectin is a Protein, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 is a Protein, IL-6 is a Protein, IL-8 is a Protein, VCAM-1 is a Protein, VCAM-1 is a Protein, VCAM-1 is a Protein, VCAM-1 is a Protein	7542286_task1	Sentence: Nitric oxide decreases cytokine-induced endothelial activation. Nitric oxide selectively reduces endothelial expression of adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokines. To test the hypothesis that nitric oxide (NO) limits endothelial activation, we treated cytokine-stimulated human saphenous vein endothelial cells with several NO donors and assessed their effects on the inducible expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). In a concentration-dependent manner, NO inhibited interleukin (IL)-1 alpha-stimulated VCAM-1 expression by 35-55% as determined by cell surface enzyme immunoassays and flow cytometry. This inhibition was paralleled by reduced monocyte adhesion to endothelial monolayers in nonstatic assays, was unaffected by cGMP analogues, and was quantitatively similar after stimulation by either IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-4, tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha), or bacterial lipopolysaccharide. NO also decreased the endothelial expression of other leukocyte adhesion molecules (E-selectin and to a lesser extent, intercellular adhesion molecule-1) and secretable cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8). Inhibition of endogenous NO production by L-N-monomethyl-arginine also induced the expression of VCAM-1, but did not augment cytokine-induced VCAM-1 expression. Nuclear run-on assays, transfection studies using various VCAM-1 promoter reporter gene constructs, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that NO represses VCAM-1 gene transcription, in part, by inhibiting NF-kappa B. We propose that NO's ability to limit endothelial activation and inhibit monocyte adhesion may contribute to some of its antiatherogenic and antiinflammatory properties within the vessel wall. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, VCAM-1, interleukin ( IL)-1 alpha, VCAM-1, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-4, tumor necrosis factor, TNF alpha, E - selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, IL-6, IL-8, VCAM-1, VCAM-1, VCAM-1, VCAM-1 Options: Protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Nitric oxide decreases cytokine-induced endothelial activation. Nitric oxide selectively reduces endothelial expression of adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokines. To test the hypothesis that nitric oxide (NO) limits endothelial activation, we treated cytokine-stimulated human saphenous vein endothelial cells with several NO donors and assessed their effects on the inducible expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). In a concentration-dependent manner, NO inhibited interleukin (IL)-1 alpha-stimulated VCAM-1 expression by 35-55% as determined by cell surface enzyme immunoassays and flow cytometry. This inhibition was paralleled by reduced monocyte adhesion to endothelial monolayers in nonstatic assays, was unaffected by cGMP analogues, and was quantitatively similar after stimulation by either IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-4, tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha), or bacterial lipopolysaccharide. NO also decreased the endothelial expression of other leukocyte adhesion molecules (E-selectin and to a lesser extent, intercellular adhesion molecule-1) and secretable cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8). Inhibition of endogenous NO production by L-N-monomethyl-arginine also induced the expression of VCAM-1, but did not augment cytokine-induced VCAM-1 expression. Nuclear run-on assays, transfection studies using various VCAM-1 promoter reporter gene constructs, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that NO represses VCAM-1 gene transcription, in part, by inhibiting NF-kappa B. We propose that NO's ability to limit endothelial activation and inhibit monocyte adhesion may contribute to some of its antiatherogenic and antiinflammatory properties within the vessel wall.	[ "Nitric", "oxide", "decreases", "cytokine", "-", "induced", "endothelial", "activation", ".", "Nitric", "oxide", "selectively", "reduces", "endothelial", "expression", "of", "adhesion", "molecules", "and", "proinflammatory", "cytokines", ".", "\n", "To", "test", "the", "hypothesis", "that", "nitric", "oxide", "(", "NO", ")", "limits", "endothelial", "activation", ",", "we", "treated", "cytokine", "-", "stimulated", "human", "saphenous", "vein", "endothelial", "cells", "with", "several", "NO", "donors", "and", "assessed", "their", "effects", "on", "the", "inducible", "expression", "of", "vascular", "cell", "adhesion", "molecule-1", "(", "VCAM-1", ")", ".", "In", "a", "concentration", "-", "dependent", "manner", ",", "NO", "inhibited", "interleukin", "(", "IL)-1", "alpha", "-", "stimulated", "VCAM-1", "expression", "by", "35", "-", "55", "%", "as", "determined", "by", "cell", "surface", "enzyme", "immunoassays", "and", "flow", "cytometry", ".", "This", "inhibition", "was", "paralleled", "by", "reduced", "monocyte", "adhesion", "to", "endothelial", "monolayers", "in", "nonstatic", "assays", ",", "was", "unaffected", "by", "cGMP", "analogues", ",", "and", "was", "quantitatively", "similar", "after", "stimulation", "by", "either", "IL-1", "alpha", ",", "IL-1", "beta", ",", "IL-4", ",", "tumor", "necrosis", "factor", "(", "TNF", "alpha", ")", ",", "or", "bacterial", "lipopolysaccharide", ".", "NO", "also", "decreased", "the", "endothelial", "expression", "of", "other", "leukocyte", "adhesion", "molecules", "(", "E", "-", "selectin", "and", "to", "a", "lesser", "extent", ",", "intercellular", "adhesion", "molecule-1", ")", "and", "secretable", "cytokines", "(", "IL-6", "and", "IL-8", ")", ".", "Inhibition", "of", "endogenous", "NO", "production", "by", "L", "-", "N", "-", "monomethyl", "-", "arginine", "also", "induced", "the", "expression", "of", "VCAM-1", ",", "but", "did", "not", "augment", "cytokine", "-", "induced", "VCAM-1", "expression", ".", "Nuclear", "run", "-", "on", "assays", ",", "transfection", "studies", "using", "various", "VCAM-1", "promoter", "reporter", "gene", "constructs", ",", "and", "electrophoretic", "mobility", "shift", "assays", "indicated", "that", "NO", "represses", "VCAM-1", "gene", "transcription", ",", "in", "part", ",", "by", "inhibiting", "NF", "-", "kappa", "B.", "We", "propose", "that", "NO", "'s", "ability", "to", "limit", "endothelial", "activation", "and", "inhibit", "monocyte", "adhesion", "may", "contribute", "to", "some", "of", "its", "antiatherogenic", "and", "antiinflammatory", "properties", "within", "the", "vessel", "wall", "." ]	[ "Protein" ]
vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, VCAM-1, interleukin ( IL)-1 alpha, VCAM-1, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-4, tumor necrosis factor, TNF alpha, E - selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, IL-6, IL-8, VCAM-1, VCAM-1, VCAM-1, VCAM-1	7542286_task2	Sentence: Nitric oxide decreases cytokine-induced endothelial activation. Nitric oxide selectively reduces endothelial expression of adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokines. To test the hypothesis that nitric oxide (NO) limits endothelial activation, we treated cytokine-stimulated human saphenous vein endothelial cells with several NO donors and assessed their effects on the inducible expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). In a concentration-dependent manner, NO inhibited interleukin (IL)-1 alpha-stimulated VCAM-1 expression by 35-55% as determined by cell surface enzyme immunoassays and flow cytometry. This inhibition was paralleled by reduced monocyte adhesion to endothelial monolayers in nonstatic assays, was unaffected by cGMP analogues, and was quantitatively similar after stimulation by either IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-4, tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha), or bacterial lipopolysaccharide. NO also decreased the endothelial expression of other leukocyte adhesion molecules (E-selectin and to a lesser extent, intercellular adhesion molecule-1) and secretable cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8). Inhibition of endogenous NO production by L-N-monomethyl-arginine also induced the expression of VCAM-1, but did not augment cytokine-induced VCAM-1 expression. Nuclear run-on assays, transfection studies using various VCAM-1 promoter reporter gene constructs, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that NO represses VCAM-1 gene transcription, in part, by inhibiting NF-kappa B. We propose that NO's ability to limit endothelial activation and inhibit monocyte adhesion may contribute to some of its antiatherogenic and antiinflammatory properties within the vessel wall. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Nitric oxide decreases cytokine-induced endothelial activation. Nitric oxide selectively reduces endothelial expression of adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokines. To test the hypothesis that nitric oxide (NO) limits endothelial activation, we treated cytokine-stimulated human saphenous vein endothelial cells with several NO donors and assessed their effects on the inducible expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). In a concentration-dependent manner, NO inhibited interleukin (IL)-1 alpha-stimulated VCAM-1 expression by 35-55% as determined by cell surface enzyme immunoassays and flow cytometry. This inhibition was paralleled by reduced monocyte adhesion to endothelial monolayers in nonstatic assays, was unaffected by cGMP analogues, and was quantitatively similar after stimulation by either IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-4, tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha), or bacterial lipopolysaccharide. NO also decreased the endothelial expression of other leukocyte adhesion molecules (E-selectin and to a lesser extent, intercellular adhesion molecule-1) and secretable cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8). Inhibition of endogenous NO production by L-N-monomethyl-arginine also induced the expression of VCAM-1, but did not augment cytokine-induced VCAM-1 expression. Nuclear run-on assays, transfection studies using various VCAM-1 promoter reporter gene constructs, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that NO represses VCAM-1 gene transcription, in part, by inhibiting NF-kappa B. We propose that NO's ability to limit endothelial activation and inhibit monocyte adhesion may contribute to some of its antiatherogenic and antiinflammatory properties within the vessel wall.	[ "Nitric", "oxide", "decreases", "cytokine", "-", "induced", "endothelial", "activation", ".", "Nitric", "oxide", "selectively", "reduces", "endothelial", "expression", "of", "adhesion", "molecules", "and", "proinflammatory", "cytokines", ".", "\n", "To", "test", "the", "hypothesis", "that", "nitric", "oxide", "(", "NO", ")", "limits", "endothelial", "activation", ",", "we", "treated", "cytokine", "-", "stimulated", "human", "saphenous", "vein", "endothelial", "cells", "with", "several", "NO", "donors", "and", "assessed", "their", "effects", "on", "the", "inducible", "expression", "of", "vascular", "cell", "adhesion", "molecule-1", "(", "VCAM-1", ")", ".", "In", "a", "concentration", "-", "dependent", "manner", ",", "NO", "inhibited", "interleukin", "(", "IL)-1", "alpha", "-", "stimulated", "VCAM-1", "expression", "by", "35", "-", "55", "%", "as", "determined", "by", "cell", "surface", "enzyme", "immunoassays", "and", "flow", "cytometry", ".", "This", "inhibition", "was", "paralleled", "by", "reduced", "monocyte", "adhesion", "to", "endothelial", "monolayers", "in", "nonstatic", "assays", ",", "was", "unaffected", "by", "cGMP", "analogues", ",", "and", "was", "quantitatively", "similar", "after", "stimulation", "by", "either", "IL-1", "alpha", ",", "IL-1", "beta", ",", "IL-4", ",", "tumor", "necrosis", "factor", "(", "TNF", "alpha", ")", ",", "or", "bacterial", "lipopolysaccharide", ".", "NO", "also", "decreased", "the", "endothelial", "expression", "of", "other", "leukocyte", "adhesion", "molecules", "(", "E", "-", "selectin", "and", "to", "a", "lesser", "extent", ",", "intercellular", "adhesion", "molecule-1", ")", "and", "secretable", "cytokines", "(", "IL-6", "and", "IL-8", ")", ".", "Inhibition", "of", "endogenous", "NO", "production", "by", "L", "-", "N", "-", "monomethyl", "-", "arginine", "also", "induced", "the", "expression", "of", "VCAM-1", ",", "but", "did", "not", "augment", "cytokine", "-", "induced", "VCAM-1", "expression", ".", "Nuclear", "run", "-", "on", "assays", ",", "transfection", "studies", "using", "various", "VCAM-1", "promoter", "reporter", "gene", "constructs", ",", "and", "electrophoretic", "mobility", "shift", "assays", "indicated", "that", "NO", "represses", "VCAM-1", "gene", "transcription", ",", "in", "part", ",", "by", "inhibiting", "NF", "-", "kappa", "B.", "We", "propose", "that", "NO", "'s", "ability", "to", "limit", "endothelial", "activation", "and", "inhibit", "monocyte", "adhesion", "may", "contribute", "to", "some", "of", "its", "antiatherogenic", "and", "antiinflammatory", "properties", "within", "the", "vessel", "wall", "." ]	[ "Protein" ]
Contrast is an umlsterm, magnetic resonance angiography is an umlsterm, angiograms is an umlsterm, technique is an umlsterm, sets is an umlsterm, times is an umlsterm, Gd - DTPA is an umlsterm, vessels is an umlsterm, artifacts is an umlsterm, technique is an umlsterm, angiography is an umlsterm, abdominal aorta is an umlsterm, portal vein is an umlsterm, diagnostic is an umlsterm, aorta is an umlsterm, arteries is an umlsterm, portal vein is an umlsterm, angiography is an umlsterm, angiography is an umlsterm, imaging is an umlsterm, EPI is an umlsterm, hybrid is an umlsterm, techniques is an umlsterm, development is an umlsterm, times is an umlsterm, imaging is an umlsterm, vessel is an umlsterm, contrast is an umlsterm, use is an umlsterm, fat - suppression is an umlsterm	DerRadiologe.70370539.eng.abstr_task0	Sentence: Contrast enhanced ( CE ) magnetic resonance angiography ( MRA ) provides high resolution angiograms within 20-40 sec . The technique is based on the acquisition of heavily T1-weighted threedimensional ( 3D ) gradient-echo data sets ( FISP ) with ultrashort echo- ( 2 ms ) and repetition times ( 5 ms ) during the arterial phase of an intravenously injected bolus of a T1-shortening agent such as Gd-DTPA . For MR-angiography of abdominal vessels CE-MRA is better suited than " time-of-flight " ( TOF ) and phase-contrast ( PC ) MRA because motional artifacts can be obviated with breath-held acquisitions . We have optimised the technique and evaluated its potential for angiography of the abdominal aorta and its branches as well as the portal vein and its tributaries . Whilst CE-MRA provides reliable diagnostic accuracy in the aorta and the proximal sections of its branches , small peripheral arteries cannot be assessed accurately . The portal vein and its tributaries can often be depicted better with CE-MRA than with conventional angiography but , like conventional angiography , CE-MRA is hampered by slow and reversed flow , conditions under which TOF or " true FISP " MRA may perform bst . We have also investigated FLASH-echo-planar imaging ( EPI ) hybrid techniques , a further technical development which due to shorter acquisition times of 12-15 sec . allows semi-dynamic imaging of the arterial and venous phase and provide better vessel contrast due to the use of fat-suppression . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O" ]	Contrast enhanced ( CE ) magnetic resonance angiography ( MRA ) provides high resolution angiograms within 20-40 sec . The technique is based on the acquisition of heavily T1-weighted threedimensional ( 3D ) gradient-echo data sets ( FISP ) with ultrashort echo- ( 2 ms ) and repetition times ( 5 ms ) during the arterial phase of an intravenously injected bolus of a T1-shortening agent such as Gd-DTPA . For MR-angiography of abdominal vessels CE-MRA is better suited than " time-of-flight " ( TOF ) and phase-contrast ( PC ) MRA because motional artifacts can be obviated with breath-held acquisitions . We have optimised the technique and evaluated its potential for angiography of the abdominal aorta and its branches as well as the portal vein and its tributaries . Whilst CE-MRA provides reliable diagnostic accuracy in the aorta and the proximal sections of its branches , small peripheral arteries cannot be assessed accurately . The portal vein and its tributaries can often be depicted better with CE-MRA than with conventional angiography but , like conventional angiography , CE-MRA is hampered by slow and reversed flow , conditions under which TOF or " true FISP " MRA may perform bst . We have also investigated FLASH-echo-planar imaging ( EPI ) hybrid techniques , a further technical development which due to shorter acquisition times of 12-15 sec . allows semi-dynamic imaging of the arterial and venous phase and provide better vessel contrast due to the use of fat-suppression .	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Contrast is an umlsterm, magnetic resonance angiography is an umlsterm, angiograms is an umlsterm, technique is an umlsterm, sets is an umlsterm, times is an umlsterm, Gd - DTPA is an umlsterm, vessels is an umlsterm, artifacts is an umlsterm, technique is an umlsterm, angiography is an umlsterm, abdominal aorta is an umlsterm, portal vein is an umlsterm, diagnostic is an umlsterm, aorta is an umlsterm, arteries is an umlsterm, portal vein is an umlsterm, angiography is an umlsterm, angiography is an umlsterm, imaging is an umlsterm, EPI is an umlsterm, hybrid is an umlsterm, techniques is an umlsterm, development is an umlsterm, times is an umlsterm, imaging is an umlsterm, vessel is an umlsterm, contrast is an umlsterm, use is an umlsterm, fat - suppression is an umlsterm	DerRadiologe.70370539.eng.abstr_task1	Sentence: Contrast enhanced ( CE ) magnetic resonance angiography ( MRA ) provides high resolution angiograms within 20-40 sec . The technique is based on the acquisition of heavily T1-weighted threedimensional ( 3D ) gradient-echo data sets ( FISP ) with ultrashort echo- ( 2 ms ) and repetition times ( 5 ms ) during the arterial phase of an intravenously injected bolus of a T1-shortening agent such as Gd-DTPA . For MR-angiography of abdominal vessels CE-MRA is better suited than " time-of-flight " ( TOF ) and phase-contrast ( PC ) MRA because motional artifacts can be obviated with breath-held acquisitions . We have optimised the technique and evaluated its potential for angiography of the abdominal aorta and its branches as well as the portal vein and its tributaries . Whilst CE-MRA provides reliable diagnostic accuracy in the aorta and the proximal sections of its branches , small peripheral arteries cannot be assessed accurately . The portal vein and its tributaries can often be depicted better with CE-MRA than with conventional angiography but , like conventional angiography , CE-MRA is hampered by slow and reversed flow , conditions under which TOF or " true FISP " MRA may perform bst . We have also investigated FLASH-echo-planar imaging ( EPI ) hybrid techniques , a further technical development which due to shorter acquisition times of 12-15 sec . allows semi-dynamic imaging of the arterial and venous phase and provide better vessel contrast due to the use of fat-suppression . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Contrast, magnetic resonance angiography, angiograms, technique, sets, times, Gd - DTPA, vessels, artifacts, technique, angiography, abdominal aorta, portal vein, diagnostic, aorta, arteries, portal vein, angiography, angiography, imaging, EPI, hybrid, techniques, development, times, imaging, vessel, contrast, use, fat - suppression Options: umlsterm	[ "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O" ]	Contrast enhanced ( CE ) magnetic resonance angiography ( MRA ) provides high resolution angiograms within 20-40 sec . The technique is based on the acquisition of heavily T1-weighted threedimensional ( 3D ) gradient-echo data sets ( FISP ) with ultrashort echo- ( 2 ms ) and repetition times ( 5 ms ) during the arterial phase of an intravenously injected bolus of a T1-shortening agent such as Gd-DTPA . For MR-angiography of abdominal vessels CE-MRA is better suited than " time-of-flight " ( TOF ) and phase-contrast ( PC ) MRA because motional artifacts can be obviated with breath-held acquisitions . We have optimised the technique and evaluated its potential for angiography of the abdominal aorta and its branches as well as the portal vein and its tributaries . Whilst CE-MRA provides reliable diagnostic accuracy in the aorta and the proximal sections of its branches , small peripheral arteries cannot be assessed accurately . The portal vein and its tributaries can often be depicted better with CE-MRA than with conventional angiography but , like conventional angiography , CE-MRA is hampered by slow and reversed flow , conditions under which TOF or " true FISP " MRA may perform bst . We have also investigated FLASH-echo-planar imaging ( EPI ) hybrid techniques , a further technical development which due to shorter acquisition times of 12-15 sec . allows semi-dynamic imaging of the arterial and venous phase and provide better vessel contrast due to the use of fat-suppression .	[ "Contrast", "enhanced", "(", "CE", ")", "magnetic", "resonance", "angiography", "(", "MRA", ")", "provides", "high", "resolution", "angiograms", "within", "20", "-", "40", "sec", ".", "The", "technique", "is", "based", "on", "the", "acquisition", "of", "heavily", "T1-weighted", "threedimensional", "(", "3D", ")", "gradient", "-", "echo", "data", "sets", "(", "FISP", ")", "with", "ultrashort", "echo-", "(", "2", "ms", ")", "and", "repetition", "times", "(", "5", "ms", ")", "during", "the", "arterial", "phase", "of", "an", "intravenously", "injected", "bolus", "of", "a", "T1-shortening", "agent", "such", "as", "Gd", "-", "DTPA", ".", "For", "MR", "-", "angiography", "of", "abdominal", "vessels", "CE", "-", "MRA", "is", "better", "suited", "than", "\"", "time", "-", "of", "-", "flight", "\"", "(", "TOF", ")", "and", "phase", "-", "contrast", "(", "PC", ")", "MRA", "because", "motional", "artifacts", "can", "be", "obviated", "with", "breath", "-", "held", "acquisitions", ".", "We", "have", "optimised", "the", "technique", "and", "evaluated", "its", "potential", "for", "angiography", "of", "the", "abdominal", "aorta", "and", "its", "branches", "as", "well", "as", "the", "portal", "vein", "and", "its", "tributaries", ".", "Whilst", "CE", "-", "MRA", "provides", "reliable", "diagnostic", "accuracy", "in", "the", "aorta", "and", "the", "proximal", "sections", "of", "its", "branches", ",", "small", "peripheral", "arteries", "cannot", "be", "assessed", "accurately", ".", "The", "portal", "vein", "and", "its", "tributaries", "can", "often", "be", "depicted", "better", "with", "CE", "-", "MRA", "than", "with", "conventional", "angiography", "but", ",", "like", "conventional", "angiography", ",", "CE", "-", "MRA", "is", "hampered", "by", "slow", "and", "reversed", "flow", ",", "conditions", "under", "which", "TOF", "or", "\"", "true", "FISP", "\"", "MRA", "may", "perform", "bst", ".", "We", "have", "also", "investigated", "FLASH", "-", "echo", "-", "planar", "imaging", "(", "EPI", ")", "hybrid", "techniques", ",", "a", "further", "technical", "development", "which", "due", "to", "shorter", "acquisition", "times", "of", "12", "-", "15", "sec", ".", "allows", "semi", "-", "dynamic", "imaging", "of", "the", "arterial", "and", "venous", "phase", "and", "provide", "better", "vessel", "contrast", "due", "to", "the", "use", "of", "fat", "-", "suppression", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Contrast, magnetic resonance angiography, angiograms, technique, sets, times, Gd - DTPA, vessels, artifacts, technique, angiography, abdominal aorta, portal vein, diagnostic, aorta, arteries, portal vein, angiography, angiography, imaging, EPI, hybrid, techniques, development, times, imaging, vessel, contrast, use, fat - suppression	DerRadiologe.70370539.eng.abstr_task2	Sentence: Contrast enhanced ( CE ) magnetic resonance angiography ( MRA ) provides high resolution angiograms within 20-40 sec . The technique is based on the acquisition of heavily T1-weighted threedimensional ( 3D ) gradient-echo data sets ( FISP ) with ultrashort echo- ( 2 ms ) and repetition times ( 5 ms ) during the arterial phase of an intravenously injected bolus of a T1-shortening agent such as Gd-DTPA . For MR-angiography of abdominal vessels CE-MRA is better suited than " time-of-flight " ( TOF ) and phase-contrast ( PC ) MRA because motional artifacts can be obviated with breath-held acquisitions . We have optimised the technique and evaluated its potential for angiography of the abdominal aorta and its branches as well as the portal vein and its tributaries . Whilst CE-MRA provides reliable diagnostic accuracy in the aorta and the proximal sections of its branches , small peripheral arteries cannot be assessed accurately . The portal vein and its tributaries can often be depicted better with CE-MRA than with conventional angiography but , like conventional angiography , CE-MRA is hampered by slow and reversed flow , conditions under which TOF or " true FISP " MRA may perform bst . We have also investigated FLASH-echo-planar imaging ( EPI ) hybrid techniques , a further technical development which due to shorter acquisition times of 12-15 sec . allows semi-dynamic imaging of the arterial and venous phase and provide better vessel contrast due to the use of fat-suppression . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O" ]	Contrast enhanced ( CE ) magnetic resonance angiography ( MRA ) provides high resolution angiograms within 20-40 sec . The technique is based on the acquisition of heavily T1-weighted threedimensional ( 3D ) gradient-echo data sets ( FISP ) with ultrashort echo- ( 2 ms ) and repetition times ( 5 ms ) during the arterial phase of an intravenously injected bolus of a T1-shortening agent such as Gd-DTPA . For MR-angiography of abdominal vessels CE-MRA is better suited than " time-of-flight " ( TOF ) and phase-contrast ( PC ) MRA because motional artifacts can be obviated with breath-held acquisitions . We have optimised the technique and evaluated its potential for angiography of the abdominal aorta and its branches as well as the portal vein and its tributaries . Whilst CE-MRA provides reliable diagnostic accuracy in the aorta and the proximal sections of its branches , small peripheral arteries cannot be assessed accurately . The portal vein and its tributaries can often be depicted better with CE-MRA than with conventional angiography but , like conventional angiography , CE-MRA is hampered by slow and reversed flow , conditions under which TOF or " true FISP " MRA may perform bst . We have also investigated FLASH-echo-planar imaging ( EPI ) hybrid techniques , a further technical development which due to shorter acquisition times of 12-15 sec . allows semi-dynamic imaging of the arterial and venous phase and provide better vessel contrast due to the use of fat-suppression .	[ "Contrast", "enhanced", "(", "CE", ")", "magnetic", "resonance", "angiography", "(", "MRA", ")", "provides", "high", "resolution", "angiograms", "within", "20", "-", "40", "sec", ".", "The", "technique", "is", "based", "on", "the", "acquisition", "of", "heavily", "T1-weighted", "threedimensional", "(", "3D", ")", "gradient", "-", "echo", "data", "sets", "(", "FISP", ")", "with", "ultrashort", "echo-", "(", "2", "ms", ")", "and", "repetition", "times", "(", "5", "ms", ")", "during", "the", "arterial", "phase", "of", "an", "intravenously", "injected", "bolus", "of", "a", "T1-shortening", "agent", "such", "as", "Gd", "-", "DTPA", ".", "For", "MR", "-", "angiography", "of", "abdominal", "vessels", "CE", "-", "MRA", "is", "better", "suited", "than", "\"", "time", "-", "of", "-", "flight", "\"", "(", "TOF", ")", "and", "phase", "-", "contrast", "(", "PC", ")", "MRA", "because", "motional", "artifacts", "can", "be", "obviated", "with", "breath", "-", "held", "acquisitions", ".", "We", "have", "optimised", "the", "technique", "and", "evaluated", "its", "potential", "for", "angiography", "of", "the", "abdominal", "aorta", "and", "its", "branches", "as", "well", "as", "the", "portal", "vein", "and", "its", "tributaries", ".", "Whilst", "CE", "-", "MRA", "provides", "reliable", "diagnostic", "accuracy", "in", "the", "aorta", "and", "the", "proximal", "sections", "of", "its", "branches", ",", "small", "peripheral", "arteries", "cannot", "be", "assessed", "accurately", ".", "The", "portal", "vein", "and", "its", "tributaries", "can", "often", "be", "depicted", "better", "with", "CE", "-", "MRA", "than", "with", "conventional", "angiography", "but", ",", "like", "conventional", "angiography", ",", "CE", "-", "MRA", "is", "hampered", "by", "slow", "and", "reversed", "flow", ",", "conditions", "under", "which", "TOF", "or", "\"", "true", "FISP", "\"", "MRA", "may", "perform", "bst", ".", "We", "have", "also", "investigated", "FLASH", "-", "echo", "-", "planar", "imaging", "(", "EPI", ")", "hybrid", "techniques", ",", "a", "further", "technical", "development", "which", "due", "to", "shorter", "acquisition", "times", "of", "12", "-", "15", "sec", ".", "allows", "semi", "-", "dynamic", "imaging", "of", "the", "arterial", "and", "venous", "phase", "and", "provide", "better", "vessel", "contrast", "due", "to", "the", "use", "of", "fat", "-", "suppression", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Nierenversagen is an umlsterm, haemolytischer Anaemie is an umlsterm, Thrombozytopenie is an umlsterm, Nierenbiopsie is an umlsterm, thrombotische Mikroangiopathie is an umlsterm, Behandlung is an umlsterm, Plasmaaustausch is an umlsterm, Therapie is an umlsterm, Haemodialyse is an umlsterm, Nierenfunktion is an umlsterm, Nierenversagen is an umlsterm, Behandlung is an umlsterm, Filtrationsrate is an umlsterm	MonatsschriftKinderheilkunde.71451176.ger.abstr_task0	Sentence: Ein 139/12 Jahre alter Knabe entwickelte 3 Monate nach Beginn einer Lupus-aehnlichen Systemerkrankung unter Prednisontherapie ein akutes Nierenversagen mit haemolytischer Anaemie und Thrombozytopenie . Die Nierenbiopsie zeigte eine thrombotische Mikroangiopathie . Unter Behandlung mit Plasmaaustausch , immunsuppressiver Therapie und Haemodialyse normalisierten sich die haematologischen Befunde , und die Nierenfunktion besserte sich . Die Cyclophosphamidtherapie wurde ueber 21/2 Jahre fortgesetzt . Drei Jahre nach dem akuten Nierenversagen ist der Junge unter antihypertensiver Behandlung symptomfrei und hat eine normale glomerulaere Filtrationsrate . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O" ]	Ein 139/12 Jahre alter Knabe entwickelte 3 Monate nach Beginn einer Lupus-aehnlichen Systemerkrankung unter Prednisontherapie ein akutes Nierenversagen mit haemolytischer Anaemie und Thrombozytopenie . Die Nierenbiopsie zeigte eine thrombotische Mikroangiopathie . Unter Behandlung mit Plasmaaustausch , immunsuppressiver Therapie und Haemodialyse normalisierten sich die haematologischen Befunde , und die Nierenfunktion besserte sich . Die Cyclophosphamidtherapie wurde ueber 21/2 Jahre fortgesetzt . Drei Jahre nach dem akuten Nierenversagen ist der Junge unter antihypertensiver Behandlung symptomfrei und hat eine normale glomerulaere Filtrationsrate .	[ "Ein", "139/12", "Jahre", "alter", "Knabe", "entwickelte", "3", "Monate", "nach", "Beginn", "einer", "Lupus", "-", "aehnlichen", "Systemerkrankung", "unter", "Prednisontherapie", "ein", "akutes", "Nierenversagen", "mit", "haemolytischer", "Anaemie", "und", "Thrombozytopenie", ".", "Die", "Nierenbiopsie", "zeigte", "eine", "thrombotische", "Mikroangiopathie", ".", "Unter", "Behandlung", "mit", "Plasmaaustausch", ",", "immunsuppressiver", "Therapie", "und", "Haemodialyse", "normalisierten", "sich", "die", "haematologischen", "Befunde", ",", "und", "die", "Nierenfunktion", "besserte", "sich", ".", "Die", "Cyclophosphamidtherapie", "wurde", "ueber", "21/2", "Jahre", "fortgesetzt", ".", "Drei", "Jahre", "nach", "dem", "akuten", "Nierenversagen", "ist", "der", "Junge", "unter", "antihypertensiver", "Behandlung", "symptomfrei", "und", "hat", "eine", "normale", "glomerulaere", "Filtrationsrate", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Nierenversagen is an umlsterm, haemolytischer Anaemie is an umlsterm, Thrombozytopenie is an umlsterm, Nierenbiopsie is an umlsterm, thrombotische Mikroangiopathie is an umlsterm, Behandlung is an umlsterm, Plasmaaustausch is an umlsterm, Therapie is an umlsterm, Haemodialyse is an umlsterm, Nierenfunktion is an umlsterm, Nierenversagen is an umlsterm, Behandlung is an umlsterm, Filtrationsrate is an umlsterm	MonatsschriftKinderheilkunde.71451176.ger.abstr_task1	Sentence: Ein 139/12 Jahre alter Knabe entwickelte 3 Monate nach Beginn einer Lupus-aehnlichen Systemerkrankung unter Prednisontherapie ein akutes Nierenversagen mit haemolytischer Anaemie und Thrombozytopenie . Die Nierenbiopsie zeigte eine thrombotische Mikroangiopathie . Unter Behandlung mit Plasmaaustausch , immunsuppressiver Therapie und Haemodialyse normalisierten sich die haematologischen Befunde , und die Nierenfunktion besserte sich . Die Cyclophosphamidtherapie wurde ueber 21/2 Jahre fortgesetzt . Drei Jahre nach dem akuten Nierenversagen ist der Junge unter antihypertensiver Behandlung symptomfrei und hat eine normale glomerulaere Filtrationsrate . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Nierenversagen, haemolytischer Anaemie, Thrombozytopenie, Nierenbiopsie, thrombotische Mikroangiopathie, Behandlung, Plasmaaustausch, Therapie, Haemodialyse, Nierenfunktion, Nierenversagen, Behandlung, Filtrationsrate Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O" ]	Ein 139/12 Jahre alter Knabe entwickelte 3 Monate nach Beginn einer Lupus-aehnlichen Systemerkrankung unter Prednisontherapie ein akutes Nierenversagen mit haemolytischer Anaemie und Thrombozytopenie . Die Nierenbiopsie zeigte eine thrombotische Mikroangiopathie . Unter Behandlung mit Plasmaaustausch , immunsuppressiver Therapie und Haemodialyse normalisierten sich die haematologischen Befunde , und die Nierenfunktion besserte sich . Die Cyclophosphamidtherapie wurde ueber 21/2 Jahre fortgesetzt . Drei Jahre nach dem akuten Nierenversagen ist der Junge unter antihypertensiver Behandlung symptomfrei und hat eine normale glomerulaere Filtrationsrate .	[ "Ein", "139/12", "Jahre", "alter", "Knabe", "entwickelte", "3", "Monate", "nach", "Beginn", "einer", "Lupus", "-", "aehnlichen", "Systemerkrankung", "unter", "Prednisontherapie", "ein", "akutes", "Nierenversagen", "mit", "haemolytischer", "Anaemie", "und", "Thrombozytopenie", ".", "Die", "Nierenbiopsie", "zeigte", "eine", "thrombotische", "Mikroangiopathie", ".", "Unter", "Behandlung", "mit", "Plasmaaustausch", ",", "immunsuppressiver", "Therapie", "und", "Haemodialyse", "normalisierten", "sich", "die", "haematologischen", "Befunde", ",", "und", "die", "Nierenfunktion", "besserte", "sich", ".", "Die", "Cyclophosphamidtherapie", "wurde", "ueber", "21/2", "Jahre", "fortgesetzt", ".", "Drei", "Jahre", "nach", "dem", "akuten", "Nierenversagen", "ist", "der", "Junge", "unter", "antihypertensiver", "Behandlung", "symptomfrei", "und", "hat", "eine", "normale", "glomerulaere", "Filtrationsrate", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Nierenversagen, haemolytischer Anaemie, Thrombozytopenie, Nierenbiopsie, thrombotische Mikroangiopathie, Behandlung, Plasmaaustausch, Therapie, Haemodialyse, Nierenfunktion, Nierenversagen, Behandlung, Filtrationsrate	MonatsschriftKinderheilkunde.71451176.ger.abstr_task2	Sentence: Ein 139/12 Jahre alter Knabe entwickelte 3 Monate nach Beginn einer Lupus-aehnlichen Systemerkrankung unter Prednisontherapie ein akutes Nierenversagen mit haemolytischer Anaemie und Thrombozytopenie . Die Nierenbiopsie zeigte eine thrombotische Mikroangiopathie . Unter Behandlung mit Plasmaaustausch , immunsuppressiver Therapie und Haemodialyse normalisierten sich die haematologischen Befunde , und die Nierenfunktion besserte sich . Die Cyclophosphamidtherapie wurde ueber 21/2 Jahre fortgesetzt . Drei Jahre nach dem akuten Nierenversagen ist der Junge unter antihypertensiver Behandlung symptomfrei und hat eine normale glomerulaere Filtrationsrate . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O" ]	Ein 139/12 Jahre alter Knabe entwickelte 3 Monate nach Beginn einer Lupus-aehnlichen Systemerkrankung unter Prednisontherapie ein akutes Nierenversagen mit haemolytischer Anaemie und Thrombozytopenie . Die Nierenbiopsie zeigte eine thrombotische Mikroangiopathie . Unter Behandlung mit Plasmaaustausch , immunsuppressiver Therapie und Haemodialyse normalisierten sich die haematologischen Befunde , und die Nierenfunktion besserte sich . Die Cyclophosphamidtherapie wurde ueber 21/2 Jahre fortgesetzt . Drei Jahre nach dem akuten Nierenversagen ist der Junge unter antihypertensiver Behandlung symptomfrei und hat eine normale glomerulaere Filtrationsrate .	[ "Ein", "139/12", "Jahre", "alter", "Knabe", "entwickelte", "3", "Monate", "nach", "Beginn", "einer", "Lupus", "-", "aehnlichen", "Systemerkrankung", "unter", "Prednisontherapie", "ein", "akutes", "Nierenversagen", "mit", "haemolytischer", "Anaemie", "und", "Thrombozytopenie", ".", "Die", "Nierenbiopsie", "zeigte", "eine", "thrombotische", "Mikroangiopathie", ".", "Unter", "Behandlung", "mit", "Plasmaaustausch", ",", "immunsuppressiver", "Therapie", "und", "Haemodialyse", "normalisierten", "sich", "die", "haematologischen", "Befunde", ",", "und", "die", "Nierenfunktion", "besserte", "sich", ".", "Die", "Cyclophosphamidtherapie", "wurde", "ueber", "21/2", "Jahre", "fortgesetzt", ".", "Drei", "Jahre", "nach", "dem", "akuten", "Nierenversagen", "ist", "der", "Junge", "unter", "antihypertensiver", "Behandlung", "symptomfrei", "und", "hat", "eine", "normale", "glomerulaere", "Filtrationsrate", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
insulin is a DRUG, ACE inhibitors is a GROUP, disopyramide is a DRUG, fibrates is a GROUP, fluoxetine is a DRUG, MAO inhibitors is a GROUP, propoxyphene is a DRUG, salicylates is a GROUP, somatostatin analog is a GROUP, octreotide is a DRUG, sulfonamide antibiotics is a GROUP, insulin is a DRUG, corticosteroids is a GROUP, danazol is a DRUG, diuretics is a GROUP, sympathomimetic agents is a GROUP, epinephrine is a DRUG, albuterol is a DRUG, terbutaline is a DRUG, isoniazid is a DRUG, phenothiazine derivatives is a GROUP, somatropin is a DRUG, thyroid hormones is a GROUP, estrogens is a GROUP, progestogens is a GROUP, contraceptives is a GROUP, Beta - blockers is a GROUP, clonidine is a DRUG, lithium is a DRUG, alcohol is a DRUG, insulin is a DRUG, Pentamidine is a DRUG, beta - blockers is a GROUP, clonidine is a DRUG, guanethidine is a DRUG, reserpine is a DRUG	Insulin Glargine recombinant_ddi_task0	Sentence: A number of substances affect glucose metabolism and may require insulin dose adjustment and particularly close monitoring. The following are examples of substances that may increase the blood-glucose-lowering effect and susceptibility to hypoglycemia: oral antidiabetes products, ACE inhibitors, disopyramide, fibrates, fluoxetine, MAO inhibitors, propoxyphene, salicylates, somatostatin analog (e.g., octreotide), sulfonamide antibiotics. The following are examples of substances that may reduce the blood-glucose-lowering effect of insulin: corticosteroids, danazol, diuretics, sympathomimetic agents (e.g., epinephrine, albuterol, terbutaline), isoniazid, phenothiazine derivatives, somatropin, thyroid hormones, estrogens, progestogens (e.g., in oral contraceptives). Beta-blockers, clonidine, lithium salts, and alcohol may either potentiate or weaken the blood-glucose-lowering effect of insulin. Pentamidine may cause hypoglycemia, which may sometimes be followed by hyperglycemia. In addition, under the influence of sympatholytic medicinal products such as beta-blockers, clonidine, guanethidine, and reserpine, the signs of hypoglycemia may be reduced or absent. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: GROUP, DRUG	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GROUP", "I-GROUP", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "B-GROUP", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "B-GROUP", "I-GROUP", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "B-GROUP", "O", "B-GROUP", "I-GROUP", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "O", "B-GROUP", "I-GROUP", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "B-GROUP", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "B-GROUP", "O", "B-GROUP", "I-GROUP", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "B-GROUP", "I-GROUP", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "B-GROUP", "I-GROUP", "O", "B-GROUP", "O", "B-GROUP", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GROUP", "O", "O", "B-GROUP", "I-GROUP", "I-GROUP", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "O", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GROUP", "I-GROUP", "I-GROUP", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	A number of substances affect glucose metabolism and may require insulin dose adjustment and particularly close monitoring. The following are examples of substances that may increase the blood-glucose-lowering effect and susceptibility to hypoglycemia: oral antidiabetes products, ACE inhibitors, disopyramide, fibrates, fluoxetine, MAO inhibitors, propoxyphene, salicylates, somatostatin analog (e.g., octreotide), sulfonamide antibiotics. The following are examples of substances that may reduce the blood-glucose-lowering effect of insulin: corticosteroids, danazol, diuretics, sympathomimetic agents (e.g., epinephrine, albuterol, terbutaline), isoniazid, phenothiazine derivatives, somatropin, thyroid hormones, estrogens, progestogens (e.g., in oral contraceptives). Beta-blockers, clonidine, lithium salts, and alcohol may either potentiate or weaken the blood-glucose-lowering effect of insulin. Pentamidine may cause hypoglycemia, which may sometimes be followed by hyperglycemia. In addition, under the influence of sympatholytic medicinal products such as beta-blockers, clonidine, guanethidine, and reserpine, the signs of hypoglycemia may be reduced or absent.	[ "A", "number", "of", "substances", "affect", "glucose", "metabolism", "and", "may", "require", "insulin", "dose", "adjustment", "and", "particularly", "close", "monitoring", ".", "The", "following", "are", "examples", "of", "substances", "that", "may", "increase", "the", "blood", "-", "glucose", "-", "lowering", "effect", "and", "susceptibility", "to", "hypoglycemia", ":", "oral", "antidiabetes", "products", ",", "ACE", "inhibitors", ",", "disopyramide", ",", "fibrates", ",", "fluoxetine", ",", "MAO", "inhibitors", ",", "propoxyphene", ",", "salicylates", ",", "somatostatin", "analog", "(", "e.g", ".", ",", "octreotide", ")", ",", "sulfonamide", "antibiotics", ".", "The", "following", "are", "examples", "of", "substances", "that", "may", "reduce", "the", "blood", "-", "glucose", "-", "lowering", "effect", "of", "insulin", ":", "corticosteroids", ",", "danazol", ",", "diuretics", ",", "sympathomimetic", "agents", "(", "e.g", ".", ",", "epinephrine", ",", "albuterol", ",", "terbutaline", ")", ",", "isoniazid", ",", "phenothiazine", "derivatives", ",", "somatropin", ",", "thyroid", "hormones", ",", "estrogens", ",", "progestogens", "(", "e.g", ".", ",", "in", "oral", "contraceptives", ")", ".", "Beta", "-", "blockers", ",", "clonidine", ",", "lithium", "salts", ",", "and", "alcohol", "may", "either", "potentiate", "or", "weaken", "the", "blood", "-", "glucose", "-", "lowering", "effect", "of", "insulin", ".", "Pentamidine", "may", "cause", "hypoglycemia", ",", "which", "may", "sometimes", "be", "followed", "by", "hyperglycemia", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "under", "the", "influence", "of", "sympatholytic", "medicinal", "products", "such", "as", "beta", "-", "blockers", ",", "clonidine", ",", "guanethidine", ",", "and", "reserpine", ",", "the", "signs", "of", "hypoglycemia", "may", "be", "reduced", "or", "absent", "." ]	[ "GROUP", "DRUG" ]
insulin is a DRUG, ACE inhibitors is a GROUP, disopyramide is a DRUG, fibrates is a GROUP, fluoxetine is a DRUG, MAO inhibitors is a GROUP, propoxyphene is a DRUG, salicylates is a GROUP, somatostatin analog is a GROUP, octreotide is a DRUG, sulfonamide antibiotics is a GROUP, insulin is a DRUG, corticosteroids is a GROUP, danazol is a DRUG, diuretics is a GROUP, sympathomimetic agents is a GROUP, epinephrine is a DRUG, albuterol is a DRUG, terbutaline is a DRUG, isoniazid is a DRUG, phenothiazine derivatives is a GROUP, somatropin is a DRUG, thyroid hormones is a GROUP, estrogens is a GROUP, progestogens is a GROUP, contraceptives is a GROUP, Beta - blockers is a GROUP, clonidine is a DRUG, lithium is a DRUG, alcohol is a DRUG, insulin is a DRUG, Pentamidine is a DRUG, beta - blockers is a GROUP, clonidine is a DRUG, guanethidine is a DRUG, reserpine is a DRUG	Insulin Glargine recombinant_ddi_task1	Sentence: A number of substances affect glucose metabolism and may require insulin dose adjustment and particularly close monitoring. The following are examples of substances that may increase the blood-glucose-lowering effect and susceptibility to hypoglycemia: oral antidiabetes products, ACE inhibitors, disopyramide, fibrates, fluoxetine, MAO inhibitors, propoxyphene, salicylates, somatostatin analog (e.g., octreotide), sulfonamide antibiotics. The following are examples of substances that may reduce the blood-glucose-lowering effect of insulin: corticosteroids, danazol, diuretics, sympathomimetic agents (e.g., epinephrine, albuterol, terbutaline), isoniazid, phenothiazine derivatives, somatropin, thyroid hormones, estrogens, progestogens (e.g., in oral contraceptives). Beta-blockers, clonidine, lithium salts, and alcohol may either potentiate or weaken the blood-glucose-lowering effect of insulin. Pentamidine may cause hypoglycemia, which may sometimes be followed by hyperglycemia. In addition, under the influence of sympatholytic medicinal products such as beta-blockers, clonidine, guanethidine, and reserpine, the signs of hypoglycemia may be reduced or absent. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: insulin, ACE inhibitors, disopyramide, fibrates, fluoxetine, MAO inhibitors, propoxyphene, salicylates, somatostatin analog, octreotide, sulfonamide antibiotics, insulin, corticosteroids, danazol, diuretics, sympathomimetic agents, epinephrine, albuterol, terbutaline, isoniazid, phenothiazine derivatives, somatropin, thyroid hormones, estrogens, progestogens, contraceptives, Beta - blockers, clonidine, lithium, alcohol, insulin, Pentamidine, beta - blockers, clonidine, guanethidine, reserpine Options: GROUP, DRUG	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GROUP", "I-GROUP", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "B-GROUP", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "B-GROUP", "I-GROUP", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "B-GROUP", "O", "B-GROUP", "I-GROUP", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "O", "B-GROUP", "I-GROUP", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "B-GROUP", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "B-GROUP", "O", "B-GROUP", "I-GROUP", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "B-GROUP", "I-GROUP", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "B-GROUP", "I-GROUP", "O", "B-GROUP", "O", "B-GROUP", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GROUP", "O", "O", "B-GROUP", "I-GROUP", "I-GROUP", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "O", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GROUP", "I-GROUP", "I-GROUP", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	A number of substances affect glucose metabolism and may require insulin dose adjustment and particularly close monitoring. The following are examples of substances that may increase the blood-glucose-lowering effect and susceptibility to hypoglycemia: oral antidiabetes products, ACE inhibitors, disopyramide, fibrates, fluoxetine, MAO inhibitors, propoxyphene, salicylates, somatostatin analog (e.g., octreotide), sulfonamide antibiotics. The following are examples of substances that may reduce the blood-glucose-lowering effect of insulin: corticosteroids, danazol, diuretics, sympathomimetic agents (e.g., epinephrine, albuterol, terbutaline), isoniazid, phenothiazine derivatives, somatropin, thyroid hormones, estrogens, progestogens (e.g., in oral contraceptives). Beta-blockers, clonidine, lithium salts, and alcohol may either potentiate or weaken the blood-glucose-lowering effect of insulin. Pentamidine may cause hypoglycemia, which may sometimes be followed by hyperglycemia. In addition, under the influence of sympatholytic medicinal products such as beta-blockers, clonidine, guanethidine, and reserpine, the signs of hypoglycemia may be reduced or absent.	[ "A", "number", "of", "substances", "affect", "glucose", "metabolism", "and", "may", "require", "insulin", "dose", "adjustment", "and", "particularly", "close", "monitoring", ".", "The", "following", "are", "examples", "of", "substances", "that", "may", "increase", "the", "blood", "-", "glucose", "-", "lowering", "effect", "and", "susceptibility", "to", "hypoglycemia", ":", "oral", "antidiabetes", "products", ",", "ACE", "inhibitors", ",", "disopyramide", ",", "fibrates", ",", "fluoxetine", ",", "MAO", "inhibitors", ",", "propoxyphene", ",", "salicylates", ",", "somatostatin", "analog", "(", "e.g", ".", ",", "octreotide", ")", ",", "sulfonamide", "antibiotics", ".", "The", "following", "are", "examples", "of", "substances", "that", "may", "reduce", "the", "blood", "-", "glucose", "-", "lowering", "effect", "of", "insulin", ":", "corticosteroids", ",", "danazol", ",", "diuretics", ",", "sympathomimetic", "agents", "(", "e.g", ".", ",", "epinephrine", ",", "albuterol", ",", "terbutaline", ")", ",", "isoniazid", ",", "phenothiazine", "derivatives", ",", "somatropin", ",", "thyroid", "hormones", ",", "estrogens", ",", "progestogens", "(", "e.g", ".", ",", "in", "oral", "contraceptives", ")", ".", "Beta", "-", "blockers", ",", "clonidine", ",", "lithium", "salts", ",", "and", "alcohol", "may", "either", "potentiate", "or", "weaken", "the", "blood", "-", "glucose", "-", "lowering", "effect", "of", "insulin", ".", "Pentamidine", "may", "cause", "hypoglycemia", ",", "which", "may", "sometimes", "be", "followed", "by", "hyperglycemia", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "under", "the", "influence", "of", "sympatholytic", "medicinal", "products", "such", "as", "beta", "-", "blockers", ",", "clonidine", ",", "guanethidine", ",", "and", "reserpine", ",", "the", "signs", "of", "hypoglycemia", "may", "be", "reduced", "or", "absent", "." ]	[ "GROUP", "DRUG" ]
insulin, ACE inhibitors, disopyramide, fibrates, fluoxetine, MAO inhibitors, propoxyphene, salicylates, somatostatin analog, octreotide, sulfonamide antibiotics, insulin, corticosteroids, danazol, diuretics, sympathomimetic agents, epinephrine, albuterol, terbutaline, isoniazid, phenothiazine derivatives, somatropin, thyroid hormones, estrogens, progestogens, contraceptives, Beta - blockers, clonidine, lithium, alcohol, insulin, Pentamidine, beta - blockers, clonidine, guanethidine, reserpine	Insulin Glargine recombinant_ddi_task2	Sentence: A number of substances affect glucose metabolism and may require insulin dose adjustment and particularly close monitoring. The following are examples of substances that may increase the blood-glucose-lowering effect and susceptibility to hypoglycemia: oral antidiabetes products, ACE inhibitors, disopyramide, fibrates, fluoxetine, MAO inhibitors, propoxyphene, salicylates, somatostatin analog (e.g., octreotide), sulfonamide antibiotics. The following are examples of substances that may reduce the blood-glucose-lowering effect of insulin: corticosteroids, danazol, diuretics, sympathomimetic agents (e.g., epinephrine, albuterol, terbutaline), isoniazid, phenothiazine derivatives, somatropin, thyroid hormones, estrogens, progestogens (e.g., in oral contraceptives). Beta-blockers, clonidine, lithium salts, and alcohol may either potentiate or weaken the blood-glucose-lowering effect of insulin. Pentamidine may cause hypoglycemia, which may sometimes be followed by hyperglycemia. In addition, under the influence of sympatholytic medicinal products such as beta-blockers, clonidine, guanethidine, and reserpine, the signs of hypoglycemia may be reduced or absent. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GROUP", "I-GROUP", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "B-GROUP", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "B-GROUP", "I-GROUP", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "B-GROUP", "O", "B-GROUP", "I-GROUP", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "O", "B-GROUP", "I-GROUP", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "B-GROUP", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "B-GROUP", "O", "B-GROUP", "I-GROUP", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "B-GROUP", "I-GROUP", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "B-GROUP", "I-GROUP", "O", "B-GROUP", "O", "B-GROUP", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GROUP", "O", "O", "B-GROUP", "I-GROUP", "I-GROUP", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "O", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GROUP", "I-GROUP", "I-GROUP", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "O", "B-DRUG", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	A number of substances affect glucose metabolism and may require insulin dose adjustment and particularly close monitoring. The following are examples of substances that may increase the blood-glucose-lowering effect and susceptibility to hypoglycemia: oral antidiabetes products, ACE inhibitors, disopyramide, fibrates, fluoxetine, MAO inhibitors, propoxyphene, salicylates, somatostatin analog (e.g., octreotide), sulfonamide antibiotics. The following are examples of substances that may reduce the blood-glucose-lowering effect of insulin: corticosteroids, danazol, diuretics, sympathomimetic agents (e.g., epinephrine, albuterol, terbutaline), isoniazid, phenothiazine derivatives, somatropin, thyroid hormones, estrogens, progestogens (e.g., in oral contraceptives). Beta-blockers, clonidine, lithium salts, and alcohol may either potentiate or weaken the blood-glucose-lowering effect of insulin. Pentamidine may cause hypoglycemia, which may sometimes be followed by hyperglycemia. In addition, under the influence of sympatholytic medicinal products such as beta-blockers, clonidine, guanethidine, and reserpine, the signs of hypoglycemia may be reduced or absent.	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skin cancer is a Participant_Condition, children is a Participant_Age, tailored intervention is a Intervention_Other, parents is a Participant_Age, improved skin cancer prevention behaviors is a Outcome_Mental, Grades 1 - 3 at moderate to high risk for skin cancer is a Participant_Condition, received personalized skin cancer education through the mail is a Intervention_Other, control group is a Intervention_Control, generic skin cancer information materials is a Intervention_Other, significantly greater positive changes in prevention behavior is a Outcome_Mental, children ' s use of sunscreen , shirts , and hats , and parents ' use of shade , and skin examinations . is a Outcome_Mental, small and perceived benefits and social norms mediated intervention effects . is a Outcome_Other, young children is a Participant_Age	60217_task0	Sentence: Randomized trial of tailored skin cancer prevention for children : the Project SCAPE family study . This study evaluated a tailored intervention to promote sun protection in parents and their children , hypothesizing that the tailored intervention would lead to improved skin cancer prevention behaviors compared to generic materials . Families were recruited through schools and community centers and were included if there was 1 child in Grades 1-3 at moderate to high risk for skin cancer . Participants were randomized into one of two intervention groups : a tailored intervention , in which they received personalized skin cancer education through the mail ; or a control group who received generic skin cancer information materials . Before and after intervention , parents completed questionnaires about their and their children 's skin cancer risk and prevention knowledge and behaviors . Parents also completed 4-day sun exposure and protection diaries for their child and themselves . Tailored group participants demonstrated significantly greater positive changes in prevention behavior after the intervention , including children 's use of sunscreen , shirts , and hats , and parents ' use of shade , and skin examinations . Effect sizes were small and perceived benefits and social norms mediated intervention effects . Findings from this study support the efficacy of focusing tailored communications to families in order to change skin cancer prevention practices in young children . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Control, Participant_Condition, Intervention_Other, Participant_Age, Outcome_Other, Outcome_Mental	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Age", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Other", "I-Intervention_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Age", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Other", "I-Intervention_Other", "I-Intervention_Other", "I-Intervention_Other", "I-Intervention_Other", "I-Intervention_Other", "I-Intervention_Other", "I-Intervention_Other", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Other", "I-Intervention_Other", "I-Intervention_Other", "I-Intervention_Other", "I-Intervention_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "O" ]	Randomized trial of tailored skin cancer prevention for children : the Project SCAPE family study . This study evaluated a tailored intervention to promote sun protection in parents and their children , hypothesizing that the tailored intervention would lead to improved skin cancer prevention behaviors compared to generic materials . Families were recruited through schools and community centers and were included if there was 1 child in Grades 1-3 at moderate to high risk for skin cancer . Participants were randomized into one of two intervention groups : a tailored intervention , in which they received personalized skin cancer education through the mail ; or a control group who received generic skin cancer information materials . Before and after intervention , parents completed questionnaires about their and their children 's skin cancer risk and prevention knowledge and behaviors . Parents also completed 4-day sun exposure and protection diaries for their child and themselves . Tailored group participants demonstrated significantly greater positive changes in prevention behavior after the intervention , including children 's use of sunscreen , shirts , and hats , and parents ' use of shade , and skin examinations . Effect sizes were small and perceived benefits and social norms mediated intervention effects . Findings from this study support the efficacy of focusing tailored communications to families in order to change skin cancer prevention practices in young children .	[ "Randomized", "trial", "of", "tailored", "skin", "cancer", "prevention", "for", "children", ":", "the", "Project", "SCAPE", "family", "study", ".", "This", "study", "evaluated", "a", "tailored", "intervention", "to", "promote", "sun", "protection", "in", "parents", "and", "their", "children", ",", "hypothesizing", "that", "the", "tailored", "intervention", "would", "lead", "to", "improved", "skin", "cancer", "prevention", "behaviors", "compared", "to", "generic", "materials", ".", "Families", "were", "recruited", "through", "schools", "and", "community", "centers", "and", "were", "included", "if", "there", "was", "1", "child", "in", "Grades", "1", "-", "3", "at", "moderate", "to", "high", "risk", "for", "skin", "cancer", ".", "Participants", "were", "randomized", "into", "one", "of", "two", "intervention", "groups", ":", "a", "tailored", "intervention", ",", "in", "which", "they", "received", "personalized", "skin", "cancer", "education", "through", "the", "mail", ";", "or", "a", "control", "group", "who", "received", "generic", "skin", "cancer", "information", "materials", ".", "Before", "and", "after", "intervention", ",", "parents", "completed", "questionnaires", "about", "their", "and", "their", "children", "'", "s", "skin", "cancer", "risk", "and", "prevention", "knowledge", "and", "behaviors", ".", "Parents", "also", "completed", "4-day", "sun", "exposure", "and", "protection", "diaries", "for", "their", "child", "and", "themselves", ".", "Tailored", "group", "participants", "demonstrated", "significantly", "greater", "positive", "changes", "in", "prevention", "behavior", "after", "the", "intervention", ",", "including", "children", "'", "s", "use", "of", "sunscreen", ",", "shirts", ",", "and", "hats", ",", "and", "parents", "'", "use", "of", "shade", ",", "and", "skin", "examinations", ".", "Effect", "sizes", "were", "small", "and", "perceived", "benefits", "and", "social", "norms", "mediated", "intervention", "effects", ".", "Findings", "from", "this", "study", "support", "the", "efficacy", "of", "focusing", "tailored", "communications", "to", "families", "in", "order", "to", "change", "skin", "cancer", "prevention", "practices", "in", "young", "children", "." ]	[ "Outcome_Mental", "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Other", "Participant_Condition", "Participant_Age", "Intervention_Control" ]
skin cancer is a Participant_Condition, children is a Participant_Age, tailored intervention is a Intervention_Other, parents is a Participant_Age, improved skin cancer prevention behaviors is a Outcome_Mental, Grades 1 - 3 at moderate to high risk for skin cancer is a Participant_Condition, received personalized skin cancer education through the mail is a Intervention_Other, control group is a Intervention_Control, generic skin cancer information materials is a Intervention_Other, significantly greater positive changes in prevention behavior is a Outcome_Mental, children ' s use of sunscreen , shirts , and hats , and parents ' use of shade , and skin examinations . is a Outcome_Mental, small and perceived benefits and social norms mediated intervention effects . is a Outcome_Other, young children is a Participant_Age	60217_task1	Sentence: Randomized trial of tailored skin cancer prevention for children : the Project SCAPE family study . This study evaluated a tailored intervention to promote sun protection in parents and their children , hypothesizing that the tailored intervention would lead to improved skin cancer prevention behaviors compared to generic materials . Families were recruited through schools and community centers and were included if there was 1 child in Grades 1-3 at moderate to high risk for skin cancer . Participants were randomized into one of two intervention groups : a tailored intervention , in which they received personalized skin cancer education through the mail ; or a control group who received generic skin cancer information materials . Before and after intervention , parents completed questionnaires about their and their children 's skin cancer risk and prevention knowledge and behaviors . Parents also completed 4-day sun exposure and protection diaries for their child and themselves . Tailored group participants demonstrated significantly greater positive changes in prevention behavior after the intervention , including children 's use of sunscreen , shirts , and hats , and parents ' use of shade , and skin examinations . Effect sizes were small and perceived benefits and social norms mediated intervention effects . Findings from this study support the efficacy of focusing tailored communications to families in order to change skin cancer prevention practices in young children . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: skin cancer, children, tailored intervention, parents, improved skin cancer prevention behaviors, Grades 1 - 3 at moderate to high risk for skin cancer, received personalized skin cancer education through the mail, control group, generic skin cancer information materials, significantly greater positive changes in prevention behavior, children ' s use of sunscreen , shirts , and hats , and parents ' use of shade , and skin examinations ., small and perceived benefits and social norms mediated intervention effects ., young children Options: Intervention_Control, Participant_Condition, Intervention_Other, Participant_Age, Outcome_Other, Outcome_Mental	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Age", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Other", "I-Intervention_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Age", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Other", "I-Intervention_Other", "I-Intervention_Other", "I-Intervention_Other", "I-Intervention_Other", "I-Intervention_Other", "I-Intervention_Other", "I-Intervention_Other", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Other", "I-Intervention_Other", "I-Intervention_Other", "I-Intervention_Other", "I-Intervention_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "O" ]	Randomized trial of tailored skin cancer prevention for children : the Project SCAPE family study . This study evaluated a tailored intervention to promote sun protection in parents and their children , hypothesizing that the tailored intervention would lead to improved skin cancer prevention behaviors compared to generic materials . Families were recruited through schools and community centers and were included if there was 1 child in Grades 1-3 at moderate to high risk for skin cancer . Participants were randomized into one of two intervention groups : a tailored intervention , in which they received personalized skin cancer education through the mail ; or a control group who received generic skin cancer information materials . Before and after intervention , parents completed questionnaires about their and their children 's skin cancer risk and prevention knowledge and behaviors . Parents also completed 4-day sun exposure and protection diaries for their child and themselves . Tailored group participants demonstrated significantly greater positive changes in prevention behavior after the intervention , including children 's use of sunscreen , shirts , and hats , and parents ' use of shade , and skin examinations . Effect sizes were small and perceived benefits and social norms mediated intervention effects . Findings from this study support the efficacy of focusing tailored communications to families in order to change skin cancer prevention practices in young children .	[ "Randomized", "trial", "of", "tailored", "skin", "cancer", "prevention", "for", "children", ":", "the", "Project", "SCAPE", "family", "study", ".", "This", "study", "evaluated", "a", "tailored", "intervention", "to", "promote", "sun", "protection", "in", "parents", "and", "their", "children", ",", "hypothesizing", "that", "the", "tailored", "intervention", "would", "lead", "to", "improved", "skin", "cancer", "prevention", "behaviors", "compared", "to", "generic", "materials", ".", "Families", "were", "recruited", "through", "schools", "and", "community", "centers", "and", "were", "included", "if", "there", "was", "1", "child", "in", "Grades", "1", "-", "3", "at", "moderate", "to", "high", "risk", "for", "skin", "cancer", ".", "Participants", "were", "randomized", "into", "one", "of", "two", "intervention", "groups", ":", "a", "tailored", "intervention", ",", "in", "which", "they", "received", "personalized", "skin", "cancer", "education", "through", "the", "mail", ";", "or", "a", "control", "group", "who", "received", "generic", "skin", "cancer", "information", "materials", ".", "Before", "and", "after", "intervention", ",", "parents", "completed", "questionnaires", "about", "their", "and", "their", "children", "'", "s", "skin", "cancer", "risk", "and", "prevention", "knowledge", "and", "behaviors", ".", "Parents", "also", "completed", "4-day", "sun", "exposure", "and", "protection", "diaries", "for", "their", "child", "and", "themselves", ".", "Tailored", "group", "participants", "demonstrated", "significantly", "greater", "positive", "changes", "in", "prevention", "behavior", "after", "the", "intervention", ",", "including", "children", "'", "s", "use", "of", "sunscreen", ",", "shirts", ",", "and", "hats", ",", "and", "parents", "'", "use", "of", "shade", ",", "and", "skin", "examinations", ".", "Effect", "sizes", "were", "small", "and", "perceived", "benefits", "and", "social", "norms", "mediated", "intervention", "effects", ".", "Findings", "from", "this", "study", "support", "the", "efficacy", "of", "focusing", "tailored", "communications", "to", "families", "in", "order", "to", "change", "skin", "cancer", "prevention", "practices", "in", "young", "children", "." ]	[ "Outcome_Mental", "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Other", "Participant_Condition", "Participant_Age", "Intervention_Control" ]
skin cancer, children, tailored intervention, parents, improved skin cancer prevention behaviors, Grades 1 - 3 at moderate to high risk for skin cancer, received personalized skin cancer education through the mail, control group, generic skin cancer information materials, significantly greater positive changes in prevention behavior, children ' s use of sunscreen , shirts , and hats , and parents ' use of shade , and skin examinations ., small and perceived benefits and social norms mediated intervention effects ., young children	60217_task2	Sentence: Randomized trial of tailored skin cancer prevention for children : the Project SCAPE family study . This study evaluated a tailored intervention to promote sun protection in parents and their children , hypothesizing that the tailored intervention would lead to improved skin cancer prevention behaviors compared to generic materials . Families were recruited through schools and community centers and were included if there was 1 child in Grades 1-3 at moderate to high risk for skin cancer . Participants were randomized into one of two intervention groups : a tailored intervention , in which they received personalized skin cancer education through the mail ; or a control group who received generic skin cancer information materials . Before and after intervention , parents completed questionnaires about their and their children 's skin cancer risk and prevention knowledge and behaviors . Parents also completed 4-day sun exposure and protection diaries for their child and themselves . Tailored group participants demonstrated significantly greater positive changes in prevention behavior after the intervention , including children 's use of sunscreen , shirts , and hats , and parents ' use of shade , and skin examinations . Effect sizes were small and perceived benefits and social norms mediated intervention effects . Findings from this study support the efficacy of focusing tailored communications to families in order to change skin cancer prevention practices in young children . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Age", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Other", "I-Intervention_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Age", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Other", "I-Intervention_Other", "I-Intervention_Other", "I-Intervention_Other", "I-Intervention_Other", "I-Intervention_Other", "I-Intervention_Other", "I-Intervention_Other", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Other", "I-Intervention_Other", "I-Intervention_Other", "I-Intervention_Other", "I-Intervention_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "O" ]	Randomized trial of tailored skin cancer prevention for children : the Project SCAPE family study . This study evaluated a tailored intervention to promote sun protection in parents and their children , hypothesizing that the tailored intervention would lead to improved skin cancer prevention behaviors compared to generic materials . Families were recruited through schools and community centers and were included if there was 1 child in Grades 1-3 at moderate to high risk for skin cancer . Participants were randomized into one of two intervention groups : a tailored intervention , in which they received personalized skin cancer education through the mail ; or a control group who received generic skin cancer information materials . Before and after intervention , parents completed questionnaires about their and their children 's skin cancer risk and prevention knowledge and behaviors . Parents also completed 4-day sun exposure and protection diaries for their child and themselves . Tailored group participants demonstrated significantly greater positive changes in prevention behavior after the intervention , including children 's use of sunscreen , shirts , and hats , and parents ' use of shade , and skin examinations . Effect sizes were small and perceived benefits and social norms mediated intervention effects . Findings from this study support the efficacy of focusing tailored communications to families in order to change skin cancer prevention practices in young children .	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Rehabilitation is an umlsterm, Trommelfells is an umlsterm, Gehoerknoechelchenkette is an umlsterm, Knochenersatzmaterialien is an umlsterm, Gehoerknoechelchen is an umlsterm, Knorpel is an umlsterm, Gewebe is an umlsterm, Gehoerknoechelchen is an umlsterm, Knorpel is an umlsterm, Dentin is an umlsterm, Gewebe is an umlsterm, Rolle is an umlsterm, Metalle is an umlsterm, Gold is an umlsterm, Platin is an umlsterm, Titan is an umlsterm, Kunststoffe is an umlsterm, Polyethylen is an umlsterm, Polytetrafluorethylen is an umlsterm, Oxidkeramik is an umlsterm, Kohlenstoffwerkstoff is an umlsterm, Calciumphosphatkeramik is an umlsterm, Keramik is an umlsterm, Knochenersatzmaterial is an umlsterm, Ionomerzement is an umlsterm, Wiederherstellung is an umlsterm, Knorpel is an umlsterm, Gewebe is an umlsterm, Gewebe is an umlsterm, Infektionskrankheiten is an umlsterm, HIV is an umlsterm, Dentin is an umlsterm, Knochenersatzmaterial is an umlsterm, Titanimplantate is an umlsterm, Gold is an umlsterm, Wiederherstellung is an umlsterm, Kunststoffe is an umlsterm, Fremdkoerperreaktion is an umlsterm, Oxidkeramik is an umlsterm, Kohlenstoffwerkstoff is an umlsterm, Calciumphosphatkeramik is an umlsterm, Glasionomerzementen is an umlsterm, Knochenersatzmaterial is an umlsterm, Ionomerzement is an umlsterm, Otosklerosechirurgie is an umlsterm, Kombinationsprothese is an umlsterm, Platinband is an umlsterm, Teflon is an umlsterm, Gold is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Ohrs is an umlsterm, Ionomerzement- is an umlsterm, Titanprothesen is an umlsterm, Otosklerosechirurgie is an umlsterm, Prothesen is an umlsterm, Platinbandteflon is an umlsterm, Gold is an umlsterm	HNO.90470077.ger.abstr_task0	Sentence: Zur Rehabilitation des Hoervermoegens bei Schalleitungsschwerhoerigkeit wird neben dem Verschluss des Trommelfells am haeufigsten die Gehoerknoechelchenkette wieder aufgebaut . Die Vielzahl der empfohlenen mittelohrkompatiblen Knochenersatzmaterialien macht es dem Anwender mitunter schwer , das fuer die spezielle Situation guenstigste Ersatzmaterial auszuwaehlen . Moeglich sind autogene Materialien ( Gehoerknoechelchen Kortikalisknochen , Knorpel ) und allogene Gewebe ( , Gehoerknoechelchen Kortikalisknochen , Knorpel , Dentin ) . , Xenogene Gewebe spielen derzeit im Mittelohr keine Rolle . In der grossen Gruppe der alloplastischen Werkstoffe lassen sich Metalle ( z.B. Gold Stahldraht , Platin , Titan ) , Kunststoffe ( , z.B. Polyethylen Polytetrafluorethylen ) und Keramiken ( , z.B. Oxidkeramik , Kohlenstoffwerkstoff , Calciumphosphatkeramik , Glaskeramik ) unterscheiden . Das hybride , wie eine Keramik bearbeitbare Knochenersatzmaterial Ionomerzement laesst sich keiner der genannten Gruppen zuordnen . Autogene Ossikel werden uebereinstimmend bei der Wiederherstellung des Schalleitungsapparats favorisiert Kortikalisknochen ; wird z.T. resorbiert , Knorpel erweicht langfristig . Das dem autogenen Gewebe funktionell gleichwertige allogene Gewebe ist derzeit wegen einer fraglichen Uebertragungsmoeglichkeit von Infektionskrankheiten ( z.B. HIV Creutzfeldt-Jakob ) , von den meisten Chirurgen verlassen worden . Lediglich das unter Erhalt seiner Stabilitaet sterilisierbare Dentin kommt hierbei als moegliches Knochenersatzmaterial im Mittelohr in Betracht . In der grossen Gruppe der alloplastischen Werkstoffe scheinen nach den derzeitigen Kenntnissen Titanimplantate dem gehaemmerten Gold bei der Wiederherstellung der Mittelohrfunktion ueberlegen zu sein . Kunststoffe sind formstabil , wegen der von vielen Autoren bestaetigten Fremdkoerperreaktion jedoch nicht empfehlenswert . Keramische Werkstoffe ( z.B. Oxidkeramik , Kohlenstoffwerkstoff , Calciumphosphatkeramik , Glaskeramik ) werden vom Mittelohr gut toleriert und scheinen sich langfristig im Mittelohr zu bewaehren . Bei den Glasionomerzementen laesst sich das hybride Knochenersatzmaterial Ionomerzement leicht bearbeiten und wird bei guten funktionellen Resultaten ausgezeichnet integriert . In der Otosklerosechirurgie liegen jahrelange gute Resultate mit der Kombinationsprothese aus Platinband und Teflon vor . Bei bisher kuerzeren Nachbeobachtungszeiten scheinen Pistons aus gehaemmertem Gold gleichwertig zu sein . Bei den eigenen Patienten haben sich zur Kettenrekonstruktion des chronisch entzuendeten Ohrs - soweit verwertbar - autogene Ossikel , Ionomerzement- und neuerdings Titanprothesen bewaehrt . In der Otosklerosechirurgie werden derzeit gleichermassen Prothesen aus Platinbandteflon und gehaemmertem Gold verwendet . 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Die Vielzahl der empfohlenen mittelohrkompatiblen Knochenersatzmaterialien macht es dem Anwender mitunter schwer , das fuer die spezielle Situation guenstigste Ersatzmaterial auszuwaehlen . Moeglich sind autogene Materialien ( Gehoerknoechelchen Kortikalisknochen , Knorpel ) und allogene Gewebe ( , Gehoerknoechelchen Kortikalisknochen , Knorpel , Dentin ) . , Xenogene Gewebe spielen derzeit im Mittelohr keine Rolle . In der grossen Gruppe der alloplastischen Werkstoffe lassen sich Metalle ( z.B. Gold Stahldraht , Platin , Titan ) , Kunststoffe ( , z.B. Polyethylen Polytetrafluorethylen ) und Keramiken ( , z.B. Oxidkeramik , Kohlenstoffwerkstoff , Calciumphosphatkeramik , Glaskeramik ) unterscheiden . Das hybride , wie eine Keramik bearbeitbare Knochenersatzmaterial Ionomerzement laesst sich keiner der genannten Gruppen zuordnen . Autogene Ossikel werden uebereinstimmend bei der Wiederherstellung des Schalleitungsapparats favorisiert Kortikalisknochen ; wird z.T. resorbiert , Knorpel erweicht langfristig . Das dem autogenen Gewebe funktionell gleichwertige allogene Gewebe ist derzeit wegen einer fraglichen Uebertragungsmoeglichkeit von Infektionskrankheiten ( z.B. HIV Creutzfeldt-Jakob ) , von den meisten Chirurgen verlassen worden . Lediglich das unter Erhalt seiner Stabilitaet sterilisierbare Dentin kommt hierbei als moegliches Knochenersatzmaterial im Mittelohr in Betracht . In der grossen Gruppe der alloplastischen Werkstoffe scheinen nach den derzeitigen Kenntnissen Titanimplantate dem gehaemmerten Gold bei der Wiederherstellung der Mittelohrfunktion ueberlegen zu sein . Kunststoffe sind formstabil , wegen der von vielen Autoren bestaetigten Fremdkoerperreaktion jedoch nicht empfehlenswert . Keramische Werkstoffe ( z.B. Oxidkeramik , Kohlenstoffwerkstoff , Calciumphosphatkeramik , Glaskeramik ) werden vom Mittelohr gut toleriert und scheinen sich langfristig im Mittelohr zu bewaehren . Bei den Glasionomerzementen laesst sich das hybride Knochenersatzmaterial Ionomerzement leicht bearbeiten und wird bei guten funktionellen Resultaten ausgezeichnet integriert . In der Otosklerosechirurgie liegen jahrelange gute Resultate mit der Kombinationsprothese aus Platinband und Teflon vor . Bei bisher kuerzeren Nachbeobachtungszeiten scheinen Pistons aus gehaemmertem Gold gleichwertig zu sein . Bei den eigenen Patienten haben sich zur Kettenrekonstruktion des chronisch entzuendeten Ohrs - soweit verwertbar - autogene Ossikel , Ionomerzement- und neuerdings Titanprothesen bewaehrt . In der Otosklerosechirurgie werden derzeit gleichermassen Prothesen aus Platinbandteflon und gehaemmertem Gold verwendet .	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Rehabilitation is an umlsterm, Trommelfells is an umlsterm, Gehoerknoechelchenkette is an umlsterm, Knochenersatzmaterialien is an umlsterm, Gehoerknoechelchen is an umlsterm, Knorpel is an umlsterm, Gewebe is an umlsterm, Gehoerknoechelchen is an umlsterm, Knorpel is an umlsterm, Dentin is an umlsterm, Gewebe is an umlsterm, Rolle is an umlsterm, Metalle is an umlsterm, Gold is an umlsterm, Platin is an umlsterm, Titan is an umlsterm, Kunststoffe is an umlsterm, Polyethylen is an umlsterm, Polytetrafluorethylen is an umlsterm, Oxidkeramik is an umlsterm, Kohlenstoffwerkstoff is an umlsterm, Calciumphosphatkeramik is an umlsterm, Keramik is an umlsterm, Knochenersatzmaterial is an umlsterm, Ionomerzement is an umlsterm, Wiederherstellung is an umlsterm, Knorpel is an umlsterm, Gewebe is an umlsterm, Gewebe is an umlsterm, Infektionskrankheiten is an umlsterm, HIV is an umlsterm, Dentin is an umlsterm, Knochenersatzmaterial is an umlsterm, Titanimplantate is an umlsterm, Gold is an umlsterm, Wiederherstellung is an umlsterm, Kunststoffe is an umlsterm, Fremdkoerperreaktion is an umlsterm, Oxidkeramik is an umlsterm, Kohlenstoffwerkstoff is an umlsterm, Calciumphosphatkeramik is an umlsterm, Glasionomerzementen is an umlsterm, Knochenersatzmaterial is an umlsterm, Ionomerzement is an umlsterm, Otosklerosechirurgie is an umlsterm, Kombinationsprothese is an umlsterm, Platinband is an umlsterm, Teflon is an umlsterm, Gold is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Ohrs is an umlsterm, Ionomerzement- is an umlsterm, Titanprothesen is an umlsterm, Otosklerosechirurgie is an umlsterm, Prothesen is an umlsterm, Platinbandteflon is an umlsterm, Gold is an umlsterm	HNO.90470077.ger.abstr_task1	Sentence: Zur Rehabilitation des Hoervermoegens bei Schalleitungsschwerhoerigkeit wird neben dem Verschluss des Trommelfells am haeufigsten die Gehoerknoechelchenkette wieder aufgebaut . Die Vielzahl der empfohlenen mittelohrkompatiblen Knochenersatzmaterialien macht es dem Anwender mitunter schwer , das fuer die spezielle Situation guenstigste Ersatzmaterial auszuwaehlen . Moeglich sind autogene Materialien ( Gehoerknoechelchen Kortikalisknochen , Knorpel ) und allogene Gewebe ( , Gehoerknoechelchen Kortikalisknochen , Knorpel , Dentin ) . , Xenogene Gewebe spielen derzeit im Mittelohr keine Rolle . In der grossen Gruppe der alloplastischen Werkstoffe lassen sich Metalle ( z.B. Gold Stahldraht , Platin , Titan ) , Kunststoffe ( , z.B. Polyethylen Polytetrafluorethylen ) und Keramiken ( , z.B. Oxidkeramik , Kohlenstoffwerkstoff , Calciumphosphatkeramik , Glaskeramik ) unterscheiden . Das hybride , wie eine Keramik bearbeitbare Knochenersatzmaterial Ionomerzement laesst sich keiner der genannten Gruppen zuordnen . Autogene Ossikel werden uebereinstimmend bei der Wiederherstellung des Schalleitungsapparats favorisiert Kortikalisknochen ; wird z.T. resorbiert , Knorpel erweicht langfristig . Das dem autogenen Gewebe funktionell gleichwertige allogene Gewebe ist derzeit wegen einer fraglichen Uebertragungsmoeglichkeit von Infektionskrankheiten ( z.B. HIV Creutzfeldt-Jakob ) , von den meisten Chirurgen verlassen worden . Lediglich das unter Erhalt seiner Stabilitaet sterilisierbare Dentin kommt hierbei als moegliches Knochenersatzmaterial im Mittelohr in Betracht . In der grossen Gruppe der alloplastischen Werkstoffe scheinen nach den derzeitigen Kenntnissen Titanimplantate dem gehaemmerten Gold bei der Wiederherstellung der Mittelohrfunktion ueberlegen zu sein . Kunststoffe sind formstabil , wegen der von vielen Autoren bestaetigten Fremdkoerperreaktion jedoch nicht empfehlenswert . Keramische Werkstoffe ( z.B. Oxidkeramik , Kohlenstoffwerkstoff , Calciumphosphatkeramik , Glaskeramik ) werden vom Mittelohr gut toleriert und scheinen sich langfristig im Mittelohr zu bewaehren . Bei den Glasionomerzementen laesst sich das hybride Knochenersatzmaterial Ionomerzement leicht bearbeiten und wird bei guten funktionellen Resultaten ausgezeichnet integriert . In der Otosklerosechirurgie liegen jahrelange gute Resultate mit der Kombinationsprothese aus Platinband und Teflon vor . Bei bisher kuerzeren Nachbeobachtungszeiten scheinen Pistons aus gehaemmertem Gold gleichwertig zu sein . Bei den eigenen Patienten haben sich zur Kettenrekonstruktion des chronisch entzuendeten Ohrs - soweit verwertbar - autogene Ossikel , Ionomerzement- und neuerdings Titanprothesen bewaehrt . In der Otosklerosechirurgie werden derzeit gleichermassen Prothesen aus Platinbandteflon und gehaemmertem Gold verwendet . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Rehabilitation, Trommelfells, Gehoerknoechelchenkette, Knochenersatzmaterialien, Gehoerknoechelchen, Knorpel, Gewebe, Gehoerknoechelchen, Knorpel, Dentin, Gewebe, Rolle, Metalle, Gold, Platin, Titan, Kunststoffe, Polyethylen, Polytetrafluorethylen, Oxidkeramik, Kohlenstoffwerkstoff, Calciumphosphatkeramik, Keramik, Knochenersatzmaterial, Ionomerzement, Wiederherstellung, Knorpel, Gewebe, Gewebe, Infektionskrankheiten, HIV, Dentin, Knochenersatzmaterial, Titanimplantate, Gold, Wiederherstellung, Kunststoffe, Fremdkoerperreaktion, Oxidkeramik, Kohlenstoffwerkstoff, Calciumphosphatkeramik, Glasionomerzementen, Knochenersatzmaterial, Ionomerzement, Otosklerosechirurgie, Kombinationsprothese, Platinband, Teflon, Gold, Patienten, Ohrs, Ionomerzement-, Titanprothesen, Otosklerosechirurgie, Prothesen, Platinbandteflon, Gold Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O" ]	Zur Rehabilitation des Hoervermoegens bei Schalleitungsschwerhoerigkeit wird neben dem Verschluss des Trommelfells am haeufigsten die Gehoerknoechelchenkette wieder aufgebaut . Die Vielzahl der empfohlenen mittelohrkompatiblen Knochenersatzmaterialien macht es dem Anwender mitunter schwer , das fuer die spezielle Situation guenstigste Ersatzmaterial auszuwaehlen . Moeglich sind autogene Materialien ( Gehoerknoechelchen Kortikalisknochen , Knorpel ) und allogene Gewebe ( , Gehoerknoechelchen Kortikalisknochen , Knorpel , Dentin ) . , Xenogene Gewebe spielen derzeit im Mittelohr keine Rolle . In der grossen Gruppe der alloplastischen Werkstoffe lassen sich Metalle ( z.B. Gold Stahldraht , Platin , Titan ) , Kunststoffe ( , z.B. Polyethylen Polytetrafluorethylen ) und Keramiken ( , z.B. Oxidkeramik , Kohlenstoffwerkstoff , Calciumphosphatkeramik , Glaskeramik ) unterscheiden . Das hybride , wie eine Keramik bearbeitbare Knochenersatzmaterial Ionomerzement laesst sich keiner der genannten Gruppen zuordnen . Autogene Ossikel werden uebereinstimmend bei der Wiederherstellung des Schalleitungsapparats favorisiert Kortikalisknochen ; wird z.T. resorbiert , Knorpel erweicht langfristig . Das dem autogenen Gewebe funktionell gleichwertige allogene Gewebe ist derzeit wegen einer fraglichen Uebertragungsmoeglichkeit von Infektionskrankheiten ( z.B. HIV Creutzfeldt-Jakob ) , von den meisten Chirurgen verlassen worden . Lediglich das unter Erhalt seiner Stabilitaet sterilisierbare Dentin kommt hierbei als moegliches Knochenersatzmaterial im Mittelohr in Betracht . In der grossen Gruppe der alloplastischen Werkstoffe scheinen nach den derzeitigen Kenntnissen Titanimplantate dem gehaemmerten Gold bei der Wiederherstellung der Mittelohrfunktion ueberlegen zu sein . Kunststoffe sind formstabil , wegen der von vielen Autoren bestaetigten Fremdkoerperreaktion jedoch nicht empfehlenswert . Keramische Werkstoffe ( z.B. Oxidkeramik , Kohlenstoffwerkstoff , Calciumphosphatkeramik , Glaskeramik ) werden vom Mittelohr gut toleriert und scheinen sich langfristig im Mittelohr zu bewaehren . Bei den Glasionomerzementen laesst sich das hybride Knochenersatzmaterial Ionomerzement leicht bearbeiten und wird bei guten funktionellen Resultaten ausgezeichnet integriert . In der Otosklerosechirurgie liegen jahrelange gute Resultate mit der Kombinationsprothese aus Platinband und Teflon vor . Bei bisher kuerzeren Nachbeobachtungszeiten scheinen Pistons aus gehaemmertem Gold gleichwertig zu sein . Bei den eigenen Patienten haben sich zur Kettenrekonstruktion des chronisch entzuendeten Ohrs - soweit verwertbar - autogene Ossikel , Ionomerzement- und neuerdings Titanprothesen bewaehrt . In der Otosklerosechirurgie werden derzeit gleichermassen Prothesen aus Platinbandteflon und gehaemmertem Gold verwendet .	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Rehabilitation, Trommelfells, Gehoerknoechelchenkette, Knochenersatzmaterialien, Gehoerknoechelchen, Knorpel, Gewebe, Gehoerknoechelchen, Knorpel, Dentin, Gewebe, Rolle, Metalle, Gold, Platin, Titan, Kunststoffe, Polyethylen, Polytetrafluorethylen, Oxidkeramik, Kohlenstoffwerkstoff, Calciumphosphatkeramik, Keramik, Knochenersatzmaterial, Ionomerzement, Wiederherstellung, Knorpel, Gewebe, Gewebe, Infektionskrankheiten, HIV, Dentin, Knochenersatzmaterial, Titanimplantate, Gold, Wiederherstellung, Kunststoffe, Fremdkoerperreaktion, Oxidkeramik, Kohlenstoffwerkstoff, Calciumphosphatkeramik, Glasionomerzementen, Knochenersatzmaterial, Ionomerzement, Otosklerosechirurgie, Kombinationsprothese, Platinband, Teflon, Gold, Patienten, Ohrs, Ionomerzement-, Titanprothesen, Otosklerosechirurgie, Prothesen, Platinbandteflon, Gold	HNO.90470077.ger.abstr_task2	Sentence: Zur Rehabilitation des Hoervermoegens bei Schalleitungsschwerhoerigkeit wird neben dem Verschluss des Trommelfells am haeufigsten die Gehoerknoechelchenkette wieder aufgebaut . Die Vielzahl der empfohlenen mittelohrkompatiblen Knochenersatzmaterialien macht es dem Anwender mitunter schwer , das fuer die spezielle Situation guenstigste Ersatzmaterial auszuwaehlen . Moeglich sind autogene Materialien ( Gehoerknoechelchen Kortikalisknochen , Knorpel ) und allogene Gewebe ( , Gehoerknoechelchen Kortikalisknochen , Knorpel , Dentin ) . , Xenogene Gewebe spielen derzeit im Mittelohr keine Rolle . In der grossen Gruppe der alloplastischen Werkstoffe lassen sich Metalle ( z.B. Gold Stahldraht , Platin , Titan ) , Kunststoffe ( , z.B. Polyethylen Polytetrafluorethylen ) und Keramiken ( , z.B. Oxidkeramik , Kohlenstoffwerkstoff , Calciumphosphatkeramik , Glaskeramik ) unterscheiden . Das hybride , wie eine Keramik bearbeitbare Knochenersatzmaterial Ionomerzement laesst sich keiner der genannten Gruppen zuordnen . Autogene Ossikel werden uebereinstimmend bei der Wiederherstellung des Schalleitungsapparats favorisiert Kortikalisknochen ; wird z.T. resorbiert , Knorpel erweicht langfristig . Das dem autogenen Gewebe funktionell gleichwertige allogene Gewebe ist derzeit wegen einer fraglichen Uebertragungsmoeglichkeit von Infektionskrankheiten ( z.B. HIV Creutzfeldt-Jakob ) , von den meisten Chirurgen verlassen worden . Lediglich das unter Erhalt seiner Stabilitaet sterilisierbare Dentin kommt hierbei als moegliches Knochenersatzmaterial im Mittelohr in Betracht . In der grossen Gruppe der alloplastischen Werkstoffe scheinen nach den derzeitigen Kenntnissen Titanimplantate dem gehaemmerten Gold bei der Wiederherstellung der Mittelohrfunktion ueberlegen zu sein . Kunststoffe sind formstabil , wegen der von vielen Autoren bestaetigten Fremdkoerperreaktion jedoch nicht empfehlenswert . Keramische Werkstoffe ( z.B. Oxidkeramik , Kohlenstoffwerkstoff , Calciumphosphatkeramik , Glaskeramik ) werden vom Mittelohr gut toleriert und scheinen sich langfristig im Mittelohr zu bewaehren . Bei den Glasionomerzementen laesst sich das hybride Knochenersatzmaterial Ionomerzement leicht bearbeiten und wird bei guten funktionellen Resultaten ausgezeichnet integriert . In der Otosklerosechirurgie liegen jahrelange gute Resultate mit der Kombinationsprothese aus Platinband und Teflon vor . Bei bisher kuerzeren Nachbeobachtungszeiten scheinen Pistons aus gehaemmertem Gold gleichwertig zu sein . Bei den eigenen Patienten haben sich zur Kettenrekonstruktion des chronisch entzuendeten Ohrs - soweit verwertbar - autogene Ossikel , Ionomerzement- und neuerdings Titanprothesen bewaehrt . In der Otosklerosechirurgie werden derzeit gleichermassen Prothesen aus Platinbandteflon und gehaemmertem Gold verwendet . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O" ]	Zur Rehabilitation des Hoervermoegens bei Schalleitungsschwerhoerigkeit wird neben dem Verschluss des Trommelfells am haeufigsten die Gehoerknoechelchenkette wieder aufgebaut . Die Vielzahl der empfohlenen mittelohrkompatiblen Knochenersatzmaterialien macht es dem Anwender mitunter schwer , das fuer die spezielle Situation guenstigste Ersatzmaterial auszuwaehlen . Moeglich sind autogene Materialien ( Gehoerknoechelchen Kortikalisknochen , Knorpel ) und allogene Gewebe ( , Gehoerknoechelchen Kortikalisknochen , Knorpel , Dentin ) . , Xenogene Gewebe spielen derzeit im Mittelohr keine Rolle . In der grossen Gruppe der alloplastischen Werkstoffe lassen sich Metalle ( z.B. Gold Stahldraht , Platin , Titan ) , Kunststoffe ( , z.B. Polyethylen Polytetrafluorethylen ) und Keramiken ( , z.B. Oxidkeramik , Kohlenstoffwerkstoff , Calciumphosphatkeramik , Glaskeramik ) unterscheiden . Das hybride , wie eine Keramik bearbeitbare Knochenersatzmaterial Ionomerzement laesst sich keiner der genannten Gruppen zuordnen . Autogene Ossikel werden uebereinstimmend bei der Wiederherstellung des Schalleitungsapparats favorisiert Kortikalisknochen ; wird z.T. resorbiert , Knorpel erweicht langfristig . Das dem autogenen Gewebe funktionell gleichwertige allogene Gewebe ist derzeit wegen einer fraglichen Uebertragungsmoeglichkeit von Infektionskrankheiten ( z.B. HIV Creutzfeldt-Jakob ) , von den meisten Chirurgen verlassen worden . Lediglich das unter Erhalt seiner Stabilitaet sterilisierbare Dentin kommt hierbei als moegliches Knochenersatzmaterial im Mittelohr in Betracht . In der grossen Gruppe der alloplastischen Werkstoffe scheinen nach den derzeitigen Kenntnissen Titanimplantate dem gehaemmerten Gold bei der Wiederherstellung der Mittelohrfunktion ueberlegen zu sein . Kunststoffe sind formstabil , wegen der von vielen Autoren bestaetigten Fremdkoerperreaktion jedoch nicht empfehlenswert . Keramische Werkstoffe ( z.B. Oxidkeramik , Kohlenstoffwerkstoff , Calciumphosphatkeramik , Glaskeramik ) werden vom Mittelohr gut toleriert und scheinen sich langfristig im Mittelohr zu bewaehren . Bei den Glasionomerzementen laesst sich das hybride Knochenersatzmaterial Ionomerzement leicht bearbeiten und wird bei guten funktionellen Resultaten ausgezeichnet integriert . In der Otosklerosechirurgie liegen jahrelange gute Resultate mit der Kombinationsprothese aus Platinband und Teflon vor . Bei bisher kuerzeren Nachbeobachtungszeiten scheinen Pistons aus gehaemmertem Gold gleichwertig zu sein . Bei den eigenen Patienten haben sich zur Kettenrekonstruktion des chronisch entzuendeten Ohrs - soweit verwertbar - autogene Ossikel , Ionomerzement- und neuerdings Titanprothesen bewaehrt . In der Otosklerosechirurgie werden derzeit gleichermassen Prothesen aus Platinbandteflon und gehaemmertem Gold verwendet .	[ "Zur", "Rehabilitation", "des", "Hoervermoegens", "bei", "Schalleitungsschwerhoerigkeit", "wird", "neben", "dem", "Verschluss", "des", "Trommelfells", "am", "haeufigsten", "die", "Gehoerknoechelchenkette", "wieder", "aufgebaut", ".", "Die", "Vielzahl", "der", "empfohlenen", "mittelohrkompatiblen", "Knochenersatzmaterialien", "macht", "es", "dem", "Anwender", "mitunter", "schwer", ",", "das", "fuer", "die", "spezielle", "Situation", "guenstigste", "Ersatzmaterial", "auszuwaehlen", ".", "Moeglich", "sind", "autogene", "Materialien", "(", "Gehoerknoechelchen", "Kortikalisknochen", ",", "Knorpel", ")", "und", "allogene", "Gewebe", "(", ",", "Gehoerknoechelchen", "Kortikalisknochen", ",", "Knorpel", ",", "Dentin", ")", ".", ",", "Xenogene", "Gewebe", "spielen", "derzeit", "im", "Mittelohr", "keine", "Rolle", ".", "In", "der", "grossen", "Gruppe", "der", "alloplastischen", "Werkstoffe", "lassen", "sich", "Metalle", "(", "z.", "B.", "Gold", "Stahldraht", ",", "Platin", ",", "Titan", ")", ",", "Kunststoffe", "(", ",", "z.", "B.", "Polyethylen", "Polytetrafluorethylen", ")", "und", "Keramiken", "(", ",", "z.", "B.", "Oxidkeramik", ",", "Kohlenstoffwerkstoff", ",", "Calciumphosphatkeramik", ",", "Glaskeramik", ")", "unterscheiden", ".", "Das", "hybride", ",", "wie", "eine", "Keramik", "bearbeitbare", "Knochenersatzmaterial", "Ionomerzement", "laesst", "sich", "keiner", "der", "genannten", "Gruppen", "zuordnen", ".", "Autogene", "Ossikel", "werden", "uebereinstimmend", "bei", "der", "Wiederherstellung", "des", "Schalleitungsapparats", "favorisiert", "Kortikalisknochen", ";", "wird", "z.", "T.", "resorbiert", ",", "Knorpel", "erweicht", "langfristig", ".", "Das", "dem", "autogenen", "Gewebe", "funktionell", "gleichwertige", "allogene", "Gewebe", "ist", "derzeit", "wegen", "einer", "fraglichen", "Uebertragungsmoeglichkeit", "von", "Infektionskrankheiten", "(", "z.", "B.", "HIV", "Creutzfeldt", "-", "Jakob", ")", ",", "von", "den", "meisten", "Chirurgen", "verlassen", "worden", ".", "Lediglich", "das", "unter", "Erhalt", "seiner", "Stabilitaet", "sterilisierbare", "Dentin", "kommt", "hierbei", "als", "moegliches", "Knochenersatzmaterial", "im", "Mittelohr", "in", "Betracht", ".", "In", "der", "grossen", "Gruppe", "der", "alloplastischen", "Werkstoffe", "scheinen", "nach", "den", "derzeitigen", "Kenntnissen", "Titanimplantate", "dem", "gehaemmerten", "Gold", "bei", "der", "Wiederherstellung", "der", "Mittelohrfunktion", "ueberlegen", "zu", "sein", ".", "Kunststoffe", "sind", "formstabil", ",", "wegen", "der", "von", "vielen", "Autoren", "bestaetigten", "Fremdkoerperreaktion", "jedoch", "nicht", "empfehlenswert", ".", "Keramische", "Werkstoffe", "(", "z.", "B.", "Oxidkeramik", ",", "Kohlenstoffwerkstoff", ",", "Calciumphosphatkeramik", ",", "Glaskeramik", ")", "werden", "vom", "Mittelohr", "gut", "toleriert", "und", "scheinen", "sich", "langfristig", "im", "Mittelohr", "zu", "bewaehren", ".", "Bei", "den", "Glasionomerzementen", "laesst", "sich", "das", "hybride", "Knochenersatzmaterial", "Ionomerzement", "leicht", "bearbeiten", "und", "wird", "bei", "guten", "funktionellen", "Resultaten", "ausgezeichnet", "integriert", ".", "In", "der", "Otosklerosechirurgie", "liegen", "jahrelange", "gute", "Resultate", "mit", "der", "Kombinationsprothese", "aus", "Platinband", "und", "Teflon", "vor", ".", "Bei", "bisher", "kuerzeren", "Nachbeobachtungszeiten", "scheinen", "Pistons", "aus", "gehaemmertem", "Gold", "gleichwertig", "zu", "sein", ".", "Bei", "den", "eigenen", "Patienten", "haben", "sich", "zur", "Kettenrekonstruktion", "des", "chronisch", "entzuendeten", "Ohrs", "-", "soweit", "verwertbar", "-", "autogene", "Ossikel", ",", "Ionomerzement-", "und", "neuerdings", "Titanprothesen", "bewaehrt", ".", "In", "der", "Otosklerosechirurgie", "werden", "derzeit", "gleichermassen", "Prothesen", "aus", "Platinbandteflon", "und", "gehaemmertem", "Gold", "verwendet", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
holo - Tf is a protein, neo is a cell, TfR1 is a cell, TfR2-alpha cells is a cell	1.0alpha7.train.947_task0	Sentence: B, comparison of holo-Tf binding to neo, TfR1, or TfR2-alpha cells. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: cell, protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "B-cell", "O", "O", "B-cell", "O", "O", "O", "B-cell", "I-cell", "O" ]	B, comparison of holo-Tf binding to neo, TfR1, or TfR2-alpha cells.	[ "B", ",", "comparison", "of", " ", "holo", "-", "Tf", "binding", "to", " ", "neo", ",", " ", "TfR1", ",", "or", " ", "TfR2-alpha", "cells", "." ]	[ "cell", "protein" ]
holo - Tf is a protein, neo is a cell, TfR1 is a cell, TfR2-alpha cells is a cell	1.0alpha7.train.947_task1	Sentence: B, comparison of holo-Tf binding to neo, TfR1, or TfR2-alpha cells. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: holo - Tf, neo, TfR1, TfR2-alpha cells Options: cell, protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "B-cell", "O", "O", "B-cell", "O", "O", "O", "B-cell", "I-cell", "O" ]	B, comparison of holo-Tf binding to neo, TfR1, or TfR2-alpha cells.	[ "B", ",", "comparison", "of", " ", "holo", "-", "Tf", "binding", "to", " ", "neo", ",", " ", "TfR1", ",", "or", " ", "TfR2-alpha", "cells", "." ]	[ "cell", "protein" ]
holo - Tf, neo, TfR1, TfR2-alpha cells	1.0alpha7.train.947_task2	Sentence: B, comparison of holo-Tf binding to neo, TfR1, or TfR2-alpha cells. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "B-cell", "O", "O", "B-cell", "O", "O", "O", "B-cell", "I-cell", "O" ]	B, comparison of holo-Tf binding to neo, TfR1, or TfR2-alpha cells.	[ "B", ",", "comparison", "of", " ", "holo", "-", "Tf", "binding", "to", " ", "neo", ",", " ", "TfR1", ",", "or", " ", "TfR2-alpha", "cells", "." ]	[ "cell", "protein" ]
emodin is a compound, baicalin is a compound, TLR4 is a protein	DS.d90_task0	Sentence: In present study, we investigated the combined effect of emodin and baicalin on pancreatic damage and pancreatitis associated lung injury, as well as tissue TLR4 expression in the setting of AP. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: compound, protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	In present study, we investigated the combined effect of emodin and baicalin on pancreatic damage and pancreatitis associated lung injury, as well as tissue TLR4 expression in the setting of AP.	[ "In", "present", "study", ",", "we", "investigated", "the", "combined", "effect", "of", "emodin", "and", "baicalin", "on", "pancreatic", "damage", "and", "pancreatitis", "associated", "lung", "injury", ",", "as", "well", "as", "tissue", "TLR4", "expression", "in", "the", "setting", "of", "AP", "." ]	[ "protein", "compound" ]
emodin is a compound, baicalin is a compound, TLR4 is a protein	DS.d90_task1	Sentence: In present study, we investigated the combined effect of emodin and baicalin on pancreatic damage and pancreatitis associated lung injury, as well as tissue TLR4 expression in the setting of AP. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: emodin, baicalin, TLR4 Options: compound, protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	In present study, we investigated the combined effect of emodin and baicalin on pancreatic damage and pancreatitis associated lung injury, as well as tissue TLR4 expression in the setting of AP.	[ "In", "present", "study", ",", "we", "investigated", "the", "combined", "effect", "of", "emodin", "and", "baicalin", "on", "pancreatic", "damage", "and", "pancreatitis", "associated", "lung", "injury", ",", "as", "well", "as", "tissue", "TLR4", "expression", "in", "the", "setting", "of", "AP", "." ]	[ "protein", "compound" ]
emodin, baicalin, TLR4	DS.d90_task2	Sentence: In present study, we investigated the combined effect of emodin and baicalin on pancreatic damage and pancreatitis associated lung injury, as well as tissue TLR4 expression in the setting of AP. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	In present study, we investigated the combined effect of emodin and baicalin on pancreatic damage and pancreatitis associated lung injury, as well as tissue TLR4 expression in the setting of AP.	[ "In", "present", "study", ",", "we", "investigated", "the", "combined", "effect", "of", "emodin", "and", "baicalin", "on", "pancreatic", "damage", "and", "pancreatitis", "associated", "lung", "injury", ",", "as", "well", "as", "tissue", "TLR4", "expression", "in", "the", "setting", "of", "AP", "." ]	[ "protein", "compound" ]
talin is a Individual_protein, vinculin is a Individual_protein, tubulin is a Individual_protein, actin is a Individual_protein, CD31 is a Gene/protein/RNA	540_task0	Sentence: Moreover, talin, but not vinculin or tubulin, appears to co-localize with actin microfilaments in the membrane ruffles of NK cells that undergo cytoskeleton rearrangement following CD31 cross-linking. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Gene/protein/RNA, Individual_protein	[ "O", "O", "B-Individual_protein", "O", "O", "O", "B-Individual_protein", "O", "B-Individual_protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Individual_protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene/protein/RNA", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Moreover, talin, but not vinculin or tubulin, appears to co-localize with actin microfilaments in the membrane ruffles of NK cells that undergo cytoskeleton rearrangement following CD31 cross-linking.	[ "Moreover", ",", "talin", ",", "but", "not", "vinculin", "or", "tubulin", ",", "appears", "to", "co", "-", "localize", "with", "actin", "microfilaments", "in", "the", "membrane", "ruffles", "of", "NK", "cells", "that", "undergo", "cytoskeleton", "rearrangement", "following", "CD31", "cross", "-", "linking", "." ]	[ "Individual_protein", "Gene/protein/RNA" ]
talin is a Individual_protein, vinculin is a Individual_protein, tubulin is a Individual_protein, actin is a Individual_protein, CD31 is a Gene/protein/RNA	540_task1	Sentence: Moreover, talin, but not vinculin or tubulin, appears to co-localize with actin microfilaments in the membrane ruffles of NK cells that undergo cytoskeleton rearrangement following CD31 cross-linking. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: talin, vinculin, tubulin, actin, CD31 Options: Gene/protein/RNA, Individual_protein	[ "O", "O", "B-Individual_protein", "O", "O", "O", "B-Individual_protein", "O", "B-Individual_protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Individual_protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene/protein/RNA", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Moreover, talin, but not vinculin or tubulin, appears to co-localize with actin microfilaments in the membrane ruffles of NK cells that undergo cytoskeleton rearrangement following CD31 cross-linking.	[ "Moreover", ",", "talin", ",", "but", "not", "vinculin", "or", "tubulin", ",", "appears", "to", "co", "-", "localize", "with", "actin", "microfilaments", "in", "the", "membrane", "ruffles", "of", "NK", "cells", "that", "undergo", "cytoskeleton", "rearrangement", "following", "CD31", "cross", "-", "linking", "." ]	[ "Individual_protein", "Gene/protein/RNA" ]
talin, vinculin, tubulin, actin, CD31	540_task2	Sentence: Moreover, talin, but not vinculin or tubulin, appears to co-localize with actin microfilaments in the membrane ruffles of NK cells that undergo cytoskeleton rearrangement following CD31 cross-linking. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "B-Individual_protein", "O", "O", "O", "B-Individual_protein", "O", "B-Individual_protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Individual_protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene/protein/RNA", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Moreover, talin, but not vinculin or tubulin, appears to co-localize with actin microfilaments in the membrane ruffles of NK cells that undergo cytoskeleton rearrangement following CD31 cross-linking.	[ "Moreover", ",", "talin", ",", "but", "not", "vinculin", "or", "tubulin", ",", "appears", "to", "co", "-", "localize", "with", "actin", "microfilaments", "in", "the", "membrane", "ruffles", "of", "NK", "cells", "that", "undergo", "cytoskeleton", "rearrangement", "following", "CD31", "cross", "-", "linking", "." ]	[ "Individual_protein", "Gene/protein/RNA" ]
erythema is an umlsterm, syndrome is an umlsterm, Asian is an umlsterm, literature is an umlsterm, antibodies is an umlsterm, erythema is an umlsterm, lupus is an umlsterm, erythematosus is an umlsterm, mucin is an umlsterm, lupus is an umlsterm, erythematosus is an umlsterm, Chinese is an umlsterm, patient is an umlsterm, erythema is an umlsterm, keratoconjunctivitis sicca is an umlsterm, antibodies is an umlsterm, histopathological is an umlsterm, immunogenetic is an umlsterm, findings is an umlsterm, literature is an umlsterm, erythema is an umlsterm, syndrome is an umlsterm, lupus is an umlsterm, erythematosus is an umlsterm	DerHautarzt.00510270.eng.abstr_task0	Sentence: Annular erythema has been recognised as a cutaneous manifestation of Sjoegren's syndrome in the Asian literature and has been assumed to represent a distinct clinical entity . Since there are common pathophysiologic mechanisms , mainly the presence of anti-Ro/SSA or anti-La/SSB antibodies , it is difficult to separate the annular erythema from subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus . Histological examination may reveal dermal mucin deposition resembling lupus erythematosus tumidus . We present a Chinese patient with widespread annular erythema , keratoconjunctivitis sicca , and anti-Ro/SSA antibodies . Clinical , histopathological , and immunogenetic findings are discussed reviewing the current literature , and the differences between annular erythema associated with Sjoegren's syndrome and cutaneous lupus erythematosus are emphasized . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O" ]	Annular erythema has been recognised as a cutaneous manifestation of Sjoegren's syndrome in the Asian literature and has been assumed to represent a distinct clinical entity . Since there are common pathophysiologic mechanisms , mainly the presence of anti-Ro/SSA or anti-La/SSB antibodies , it is difficult to separate the annular erythema from subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus . Histological examination may reveal dermal mucin deposition resembling lupus erythematosus tumidus . We present a Chinese patient with widespread annular erythema , keratoconjunctivitis sicca , and anti-Ro/SSA antibodies . Clinical , histopathological , and immunogenetic findings are discussed reviewing the current literature , and the differences between annular erythema associated with Sjoegren's syndrome and cutaneous lupus erythematosus are emphasized .	[ "Annular", "erythema", "has", "been", "recognised", "as", "a", "cutaneous", "manifestation", "of", "Sjoegren", "'s", "syndrome", "in", "the", "Asian", "literature", "and", "has", "been", "assumed", "to", "represent", "a", "distinct", "clinical", "entity", ".", "Since", "there", "are", "common", "pathophysiologic", "mechanisms", ",", "mainly", "the", "presence", "of", "anti", "-", "Ro", "/", "SSA", "or", "anti", "-", "La", "/", "SSB", "antibodies", ",", "it", "is", "difficult", "to", "separate", "the", "annular", "erythema", "from", "subacute", "cutaneous", "lupus", "erythematosus", ".", "Histological", "examination", "may", "reveal", "dermal", "mucin", "deposition", "resembling", "lupus", "erythematosus", "tumidus", ".", "We", "present", "a", "Chinese", "patient", "with", "widespread", "annular", "erythema", ",", "keratoconjunctivitis", "sicca", ",", "and", "anti", "-", "Ro", "/", "SSA", "antibodies", ".", "Clinical", ",", "histopathological", ",", "and", "immunogenetic", "findings", "are", "discussed", "reviewing", "the", "current", "literature", ",", "and", "the", "differences", "between", "annular", "erythema", "associated", "with", "Sjoegren", "'s", "syndrome", "and", "cutaneous", "lupus", "erythematosus", "are", "emphasized", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
erythema is an umlsterm, syndrome is an umlsterm, Asian is an umlsterm, literature is an umlsterm, antibodies is an umlsterm, erythema is an umlsterm, lupus is an umlsterm, erythematosus is an umlsterm, mucin is an umlsterm, lupus is an umlsterm, erythematosus is an umlsterm, Chinese is an umlsterm, patient is an umlsterm, erythema is an umlsterm, keratoconjunctivitis sicca is an umlsterm, antibodies is an umlsterm, histopathological is an umlsterm, immunogenetic is an umlsterm, findings is an umlsterm, literature is an umlsterm, erythema is an umlsterm, syndrome is an umlsterm, lupus is an umlsterm, erythematosus is an umlsterm	DerHautarzt.00510270.eng.abstr_task1	Sentence: Annular erythema has been recognised as a cutaneous manifestation of Sjoegren's syndrome in the Asian literature and has been assumed to represent a distinct clinical entity . Since there are common pathophysiologic mechanisms , mainly the presence of anti-Ro/SSA or anti-La/SSB antibodies , it is difficult to separate the annular erythema from subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus . Histological examination may reveal dermal mucin deposition resembling lupus erythematosus tumidus . We present a Chinese patient with widespread annular erythema , keratoconjunctivitis sicca , and anti-Ro/SSA antibodies . Clinical , histopathological , and immunogenetic findings are discussed reviewing the current literature , and the differences between annular erythema associated with Sjoegren's syndrome and cutaneous lupus erythematosus are emphasized . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: erythema, syndrome, Asian, literature, antibodies, erythema, lupus, erythematosus, mucin, lupus, erythematosus, Chinese, patient, erythema, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, antibodies, histopathological, immunogenetic, findings, literature, erythema, syndrome, lupus, erythematosus Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O" ]	Annular erythema has been recognised as a cutaneous manifestation of Sjoegren's syndrome in the Asian literature and has been assumed to represent a distinct clinical entity . Since there are common pathophysiologic mechanisms , mainly the presence of anti-Ro/SSA or anti-La/SSB antibodies , it is difficult to separate the annular erythema from subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus . Histological examination may reveal dermal mucin deposition resembling lupus erythematosus tumidus . We present a Chinese patient with widespread annular erythema , keratoconjunctivitis sicca , and anti-Ro/SSA antibodies . Clinical , histopathological , and immunogenetic findings are discussed reviewing the current literature , and the differences between annular erythema associated with Sjoegren's syndrome and cutaneous lupus erythematosus are emphasized .	[ "Annular", "erythema", "has", "been", "recognised", "as", "a", "cutaneous", "manifestation", "of", "Sjoegren", "'s", "syndrome", "in", "the", "Asian", "literature", "and", "has", "been", "assumed", "to", "represent", "a", "distinct", "clinical", "entity", ".", "Since", "there", "are", "common", "pathophysiologic", "mechanisms", ",", "mainly", "the", "presence", "of", "anti", "-", "Ro", "/", "SSA", "or", "anti", "-", "La", "/", "SSB", "antibodies", ",", "it", "is", "difficult", "to", "separate", "the", "annular", "erythema", "from", "subacute", "cutaneous", "lupus", "erythematosus", ".", "Histological", "examination", "may", "reveal", "dermal", "mucin", "deposition", "resembling", "lupus", "erythematosus", "tumidus", ".", "We", "present", "a", "Chinese", "patient", "with", "widespread", "annular", "erythema", ",", "keratoconjunctivitis", "sicca", ",", "and", "anti", "-", "Ro", "/", "SSA", "antibodies", ".", "Clinical", ",", "histopathological", ",", "and", "immunogenetic", "findings", "are", "discussed", "reviewing", "the", "current", "literature", ",", "and", "the", "differences", "between", "annular", "erythema", "associated", "with", "Sjoegren", "'s", "syndrome", "and", "cutaneous", "lupus", "erythematosus", "are", "emphasized", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
erythema, syndrome, Asian, literature, antibodies, erythema, lupus, erythematosus, mucin, lupus, erythematosus, Chinese, patient, erythema, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, antibodies, histopathological, immunogenetic, findings, literature, erythema, syndrome, lupus, erythematosus	DerHautarzt.00510270.eng.abstr_task2	Sentence: Annular erythema has been recognised as a cutaneous manifestation of Sjoegren's syndrome in the Asian literature and has been assumed to represent a distinct clinical entity . Since there are common pathophysiologic mechanisms , mainly the presence of anti-Ro/SSA or anti-La/SSB antibodies , it is difficult to separate the annular erythema from subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus . Histological examination may reveal dermal mucin deposition resembling lupus erythematosus tumidus . We present a Chinese patient with widespread annular erythema , keratoconjunctivitis sicca , and anti-Ro/SSA antibodies . Clinical , histopathological , and immunogenetic findings are discussed reviewing the current literature , and the differences between annular erythema associated with Sjoegren's syndrome and cutaneous lupus erythematosus are emphasized . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O" ]	Annular erythema has been recognised as a cutaneous manifestation of Sjoegren's syndrome in the Asian literature and has been assumed to represent a distinct clinical entity . Since there are common pathophysiologic mechanisms , mainly the presence of anti-Ro/SSA or anti-La/SSB antibodies , it is difficult to separate the annular erythema from subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus . Histological examination may reveal dermal mucin deposition resembling lupus erythematosus tumidus . We present a Chinese patient with widespread annular erythema , keratoconjunctivitis sicca , and anti-Ro/SSA antibodies . Clinical , histopathological , and immunogenetic findings are discussed reviewing the current literature , and the differences between annular erythema associated with Sjoegren's syndrome and cutaneous lupus erythematosus are emphasized .	[ "Annular", "erythema", "has", "been", "recognised", "as", "a", "cutaneous", "manifestation", "of", "Sjoegren", "'s", "syndrome", "in", "the", "Asian", "literature", "and", "has", "been", "assumed", "to", "represent", "a", "distinct", "clinical", "entity", ".", "Since", "there", "are", "common", "pathophysiologic", "mechanisms", ",", "mainly", "the", "presence", "of", "anti", "-", "Ro", "/", "SSA", "or", "anti", "-", "La", "/", "SSB", "antibodies", ",", "it", "is", "difficult", "to", "separate", "the", "annular", "erythema", "from", "subacute", "cutaneous", "lupus", "erythematosus", ".", "Histological", "examination", "may", "reveal", "dermal", "mucin", "deposition", "resembling", "lupus", "erythematosus", "tumidus", ".", "We", "present", "a", "Chinese", "patient", "with", "widespread", "annular", "erythema", ",", "keratoconjunctivitis", "sicca", ",", "and", "anti", "-", "Ro", "/", "SSA", "antibodies", ".", "Clinical", ",", "histopathological", ",", "and", "immunogenetic", "findings", "are", "discussed", "reviewing", "the", "current", "literature", ",", "and", "the", "differences", "between", "annular", "erythema", "associated", "with", "Sjoegren", "'s", "syndrome", "and", "cutaneous", "lupus", "erythematosus", "are", "emphasized", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
SERT is a protein, M6B is a protein, SERT is a protein, serotonin is a compound	DS.d387_task0	Sentence: The co-expression of SERT with M6B results in a significant decrease in SERT-mediated serotonin uptake caused by a down-regulation of SERT surface expression. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: compound, protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	The co-expression of SERT with M6B results in a significant decrease in SERT-mediated serotonin uptake caused by a down-regulation of SERT surface expression.	[ "The", "co", "-", "expression", "of", "SERT", "with", "M6B", "results", "in", "a", "significant", "decrease", "in", "SERT", "-", "mediated", "serotonin", "uptake", "caused", "by", "a", "down", "-", "regulation", "of", "SERT", "surface", "expression", "." ]	[ "compound", "protein" ]
SERT is a protein, M6B is a protein, SERT is a protein, serotonin is a compound	DS.d387_task1	Sentence: The co-expression of SERT with M6B results in a significant decrease in SERT-mediated serotonin uptake caused by a down-regulation of SERT surface expression. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: SERT, M6B, SERT, serotonin Options: compound, protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	The co-expression of SERT with M6B results in a significant decrease in SERT-mediated serotonin uptake caused by a down-regulation of SERT surface expression.	[ "The", "co", "-", "expression", "of", "SERT", "with", "M6B", "results", "in", "a", "significant", "decrease", "in", "SERT", "-", "mediated", "serotonin", "uptake", "caused", "by", "a", "down", "-", "regulation", "of", "SERT", "surface", "expression", "." ]	[ "compound", "protein" ]
SERT, M6B, SERT, serotonin	DS.d387_task2	Sentence: The co-expression of SERT with M6B results in a significant decrease in SERT-mediated serotonin uptake caused by a down-regulation of SERT surface expression. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	The co-expression of SERT with M6B results in a significant decrease in SERT-mediated serotonin uptake caused by a down-regulation of SERT surface expression.	[ "The", "co", "-", "expression", "of", "SERT", "with", "M6B", "results", "in", "a", "significant", "decrease", "in", "SERT", "-", "mediated", "serotonin", "uptake", "caused", "by", "a", "down", "-", "regulation", "of", "SERT", "surface", "expression", "." ]	[ "compound", "protein" ]
clopidogrel is a CHEMICAL, clarithromycin is a CHEMICAL, sibutramine is a CHEMICAL, clopidogrel is a CHEMICAL, clarithromycin is a CHEMICAL, CYP2B6 is a GENE-Y, CYP3A is a GENE-N, racemic sibutramine is a CHEMICAL, CYP2B6 is a GENE-Y, Sibutramine is a CHEMICAL, Clopidogrel is a CHEMICAL, clarithromycin is a CHEMICAL, sibutramine is a CHEMICAL, clopidogrel is a CHEMICAL, clarithromycin is a CHEMICAL, sibutramine is a CHEMICAL, CYP2B6 is a GENE-Y, CYP2B6 is a GENE-Y, sibutramine is a CHEMICAL, CYP2B6 is a GENE-Y, CYP3A is a GENE-N	28995_task0	Sentence: Different effects of clopidogrel and clarithromycin on the enantioselective pharmacokinetics of sibutramine and its active metabolites in healthy subjects. In this study, we assessed the effects of clopidogrel and clarithromycin, known CYP2B6 and CYP3A inhibitors, respectively, on the enantioselective disposition of racemic sibutramine in conjunction with CYP2B6 polymorphisms in humans. Sibutramine showed enantioselective plasma profiles with consistently higher concentrations of R-enantiomers. Clopidogrel and clarithromycin significantly increased the sibutramine plasma concentration, but their effects differed between enantiomers; a 2.2-fold versus 4.1-fold increase in the AUC in S-enantiomer and 1.8-fold versus 2.0-fold for the R-enantiomer, respectively. The AUCs of S- and R-desmethyl metabolites changed significantly during the clopidogrel phase (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively) but not during the clarithromycin phase (P = .099 and P = .090, respectively). Exposure to sibutramine was higher in subjects with the CYP2B66/6 genotype, but no statistical difference was observed among the CYP2B6 genotypes. These results suggest that the enantioselective disposition of sibutramine and its active metabolites are influenced by the altered genetic and environmental factors of CYP2B6 and CYP3A activity in vivo. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: GENE-N, GENE-Y, CHEMICAL	[ "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Different effects of clopidogrel and clarithromycin on the enantioselective pharmacokinetics of sibutramine and its active metabolites in healthy subjects. In this study, we assessed the effects of clopidogrel and clarithromycin, known CYP2B6 and CYP3A inhibitors, respectively, on the enantioselective disposition of racemic sibutramine in conjunction with CYP2B6 polymorphisms in humans. Sibutramine showed enantioselective plasma profiles with consistently higher concentrations of R-enantiomers. Clopidogrel and clarithromycin significantly increased the sibutramine plasma concentration, but their effects differed between enantiomers; a 2.2-fold versus 4.1-fold increase in the AUC in S-enantiomer and 1.8-fold versus 2.0-fold for the R-enantiomer, respectively. The AUCs of S- and R-desmethyl metabolites changed significantly during the clopidogrel phase (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively) but not during the clarithromycin phase (P = .099 and P = .090, respectively). Exposure to sibutramine was higher in subjects with the CYP2B66/6 genotype, but no statistical difference was observed among the CYP2B6 genotypes. These results suggest that the enantioselective disposition of sibutramine and its active metabolites are influenced by the altered genetic and environmental factors of CYP2B6 and CYP3A activity in vivo.	[ "Different", "effects", "of", "clopidogrel", "and", "clarithromycin", "on", "the", "enantioselective", "pharmacokinetics", "of", "sibutramine", "and", "its", "active", "metabolites", "in", "healthy", "subjects", ".", "\n", "In", "this", "study", ",", "we", "assessed", "the", "effects", "of", "clopidogrel", "and", "clarithromycin", ",", "known", "CYP2B6", "and", "CYP3A", "inhibitors", ",", "respectively", ",", "on", "the", "enantioselective", "disposition", "of", "racemic", "sibutramine", "in", "conjunction", "with", "CYP2B6", "polymorphisms", "in", "humans", ".", "Sibutramine", "showed", "enantioselective", "plasma", "profiles", "with", "consistently", "higher", "concentrations", "of", "R", "-", "enantiomers", ".", "Clopidogrel", "and", "clarithromycin", "significantly", "increased", "the", "sibutramine", "plasma", "concentration", ",", "but", "their", "effects", "differed", "between", "enantiomers", ";", "a", "2.2-fold", "versus", "4.1-fold", "increase", "in", "the", "AUC", "in", "S", "-", "enantiomer", "and", "1.8-fold", "versus", "2.0-fold", "for", "the", "R", "-", "enantiomer", ",", "respectively", ".", "The", "AUCs", "of", "S-", "and", "R", "-", "desmethyl", "metabolites", "changed", "significantly", "during", "the", "clopidogrel", "phase", "(", "P", " ", "<", " ", ".001", "and", "P", " ", "<", " ", ".001", ",", "respectively", ")", "but", "not", "during", "the", "clarithromycin", "phase", "(", "P", " ", "=", " ", ".099", "and", "P", " ", "=", " ", ".090", ",", "respectively", ")", ".", "Exposure", "to", "sibutramine", "was", "higher", "in", "subjects", "with", "the", "CYP2B6", "", "6/6", "genotype", ",", "but", "no", "statistical", "difference", "was", "observed", "among", "the", "CYP2B6", "genotypes", ".", "These", "results", "suggest", "that", "the", "enantioselective", "disposition", "of", "sibutramine", "and", "its", "active", "metabolites", "are", "influenced", "by", "the", "altered", "genetic", "and", "environmental", "factors", "of", "CYP2B6", "and", "CYP3A", "activity", "in", "vivo", "." ]	[ "CHEMICAL", "GENE-Y", "GENE-N" ]
clopidogrel is a CHEMICAL, clarithromycin is a CHEMICAL, sibutramine is a CHEMICAL, clopidogrel is a CHEMICAL, clarithromycin is a CHEMICAL, CYP2B6 is a GENE-Y, CYP3A is a GENE-N, racemic sibutramine is a CHEMICAL, CYP2B6 is a GENE-Y, Sibutramine is a CHEMICAL, Clopidogrel is a CHEMICAL, clarithromycin is a CHEMICAL, sibutramine is a CHEMICAL, clopidogrel is a CHEMICAL, clarithromycin is a CHEMICAL, sibutramine is a CHEMICAL, CYP2B6 is a GENE-Y, CYP2B6 is a GENE-Y, sibutramine is a CHEMICAL, CYP2B6 is a GENE-Y, CYP3A is a GENE-N	28995_task1	Sentence: Different effects of clopidogrel and clarithromycin on the enantioselective pharmacokinetics of sibutramine and its active metabolites in healthy subjects. In this study, we assessed the effects of clopidogrel and clarithromycin, known CYP2B6 and CYP3A inhibitors, respectively, on the enantioselective disposition of racemic sibutramine in conjunction with CYP2B6 polymorphisms in humans. Sibutramine showed enantioselective plasma profiles with consistently higher concentrations of R-enantiomers. Clopidogrel and clarithromycin significantly increased the sibutramine plasma concentration, but their effects differed between enantiomers; a 2.2-fold versus 4.1-fold increase in the AUC in S-enantiomer and 1.8-fold versus 2.0-fold for the R-enantiomer, respectively. The AUCs of S- and R-desmethyl metabolites changed significantly during the clopidogrel phase (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively) but not during the clarithromycin phase (P = .099 and P = .090, respectively). Exposure to sibutramine was higher in subjects with the CYP2B66/6 genotype, but no statistical difference was observed among the CYP2B6 genotypes. These results suggest that the enantioselective disposition of sibutramine and its active metabolites are influenced by the altered genetic and environmental factors of CYP2B6 and CYP3A activity in vivo. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: clopidogrel, clarithromycin, sibutramine, clopidogrel, clarithromycin, CYP2B6, CYP3A, racemic sibutramine, CYP2B6, Sibutramine, Clopidogrel, clarithromycin, sibutramine, clopidogrel, clarithromycin, sibutramine, CYP2B6, CYP2B6, sibutramine, CYP2B6, CYP3A Options: GENE-N, GENE-Y, CHEMICAL	[ "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Different effects of clopidogrel and clarithromycin on the enantioselective pharmacokinetics of sibutramine and its active metabolites in healthy subjects. In this study, we assessed the effects of clopidogrel and clarithromycin, known CYP2B6 and CYP3A inhibitors, respectively, on the enantioselective disposition of racemic sibutramine in conjunction with CYP2B6 polymorphisms in humans. Sibutramine showed enantioselective plasma profiles with consistently higher concentrations of R-enantiomers. Clopidogrel and clarithromycin significantly increased the sibutramine plasma concentration, but their effects differed between enantiomers; a 2.2-fold versus 4.1-fold increase in the AUC in S-enantiomer and 1.8-fold versus 2.0-fold for the R-enantiomer, respectively. The AUCs of S- and R-desmethyl metabolites changed significantly during the clopidogrel phase (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively) but not during the clarithromycin phase (P = .099 and P = .090, respectively). Exposure to sibutramine was higher in subjects with the CYP2B66/6 genotype, but no statistical difference was observed among the CYP2B6 genotypes. These results suggest that the enantioselective disposition of sibutramine and its active metabolites are influenced by the altered genetic and environmental factors of CYP2B6 and CYP3A activity in vivo.	[ "Different", "effects", "of", "clopidogrel", "and", "clarithromycin", "on", "the", "enantioselective", "pharmacokinetics", "of", "sibutramine", "and", "its", "active", "metabolites", "in", "healthy", "subjects", ".", "\n", "In", "this", "study", ",", "we", "assessed", "the", "effects", "of", "clopidogrel", "and", "clarithromycin", ",", "known", "CYP2B6", "and", "CYP3A", "inhibitors", ",", "respectively", ",", "on", "the", "enantioselective", "disposition", "of", "racemic", "sibutramine", "in", "conjunction", "with", "CYP2B6", "polymorphisms", "in", "humans", ".", "Sibutramine", "showed", "enantioselective", "plasma", "profiles", "with", "consistently", "higher", "concentrations", "of", "R", "-", "enantiomers", ".", "Clopidogrel", "and", "clarithromycin", "significantly", "increased", "the", "sibutramine", "plasma", "concentration", ",", "but", "their", "effects", "differed", "between", "enantiomers", ";", "a", "2.2-fold", "versus", "4.1-fold", "increase", "in", "the", "AUC", "in", "S", "-", "enantiomer", "and", "1.8-fold", "versus", "2.0-fold", "for", "the", "R", "-", "enantiomer", ",", "respectively", ".", "The", "AUCs", "of", "S-", "and", "R", "-", "desmethyl", "metabolites", "changed", "significantly", "during", "the", "clopidogrel", "phase", "(", "P", " ", "<", " ", ".001", "and", "P", " ", "<", " ", ".001", ",", "respectively", ")", "but", "not", "during", "the", "clarithromycin", "phase", "(", "P", " ", "=", " ", ".099", "and", "P", " ", "=", " ", ".090", ",", "respectively", ")", ".", "Exposure", "to", "sibutramine", "was", "higher", "in", "subjects", "with", "the", "CYP2B6", "", "6/6", "genotype", ",", "but", "no", "statistical", "difference", "was", "observed", "among", "the", "CYP2B6", "genotypes", ".", "These", "results", "suggest", "that", "the", "enantioselective", "disposition", "of", "sibutramine", "and", "its", "active", "metabolites", "are", "influenced", "by", "the", "altered", "genetic", "and", "environmental", "factors", "of", "CYP2B6", "and", "CYP3A", "activity", "in", "vivo", "." ]	[ "CHEMICAL", "GENE-Y", "GENE-N" ]
clopidogrel, clarithromycin, sibutramine, clopidogrel, clarithromycin, CYP2B6, CYP3A, racemic sibutramine, CYP2B6, Sibutramine, Clopidogrel, clarithromycin, sibutramine, clopidogrel, clarithromycin, sibutramine, CYP2B6, CYP2B6, sibutramine, CYP2B6, CYP3A	28995_task2	Sentence: Different effects of clopidogrel and clarithromycin on the enantioselective pharmacokinetics of sibutramine and its active metabolites in healthy subjects. In this study, we assessed the effects of clopidogrel and clarithromycin, known CYP2B6 and CYP3A inhibitors, respectively, on the enantioselective disposition of racemic sibutramine in conjunction with CYP2B6 polymorphisms in humans. Sibutramine showed enantioselective plasma profiles with consistently higher concentrations of R-enantiomers. Clopidogrel and clarithromycin significantly increased the sibutramine plasma concentration, but their effects differed between enantiomers; a 2.2-fold versus 4.1-fold increase in the AUC in S-enantiomer and 1.8-fold versus 2.0-fold for the R-enantiomer, respectively. The AUCs of S- and R-desmethyl metabolites changed significantly during the clopidogrel phase (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively) but not during the clarithromycin phase (P = .099 and P = .090, respectively). Exposure to sibutramine was higher in subjects with the CYP2B66/6 genotype, but no statistical difference was observed among the CYP2B6 genotypes. These results suggest that the enantioselective disposition of sibutramine and its active metabolites are influenced by the altered genetic and environmental factors of CYP2B6 and CYP3A activity in vivo. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Different effects of clopidogrel and clarithromycin on the enantioselective pharmacokinetics of sibutramine and its active metabolites in healthy subjects. In this study, we assessed the effects of clopidogrel and clarithromycin, known CYP2B6 and CYP3A inhibitors, respectively, on the enantioselective disposition of racemic sibutramine in conjunction with CYP2B6 polymorphisms in humans. Sibutramine showed enantioselective plasma profiles with consistently higher concentrations of R-enantiomers. Clopidogrel and clarithromycin significantly increased the sibutramine plasma concentration, but their effects differed between enantiomers; a 2.2-fold versus 4.1-fold increase in the AUC in S-enantiomer and 1.8-fold versus 2.0-fold for the R-enantiomer, respectively. The AUCs of S- and R-desmethyl metabolites changed significantly during the clopidogrel phase (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively) but not during the clarithromycin phase (P = .099 and P = .090, respectively). Exposure to sibutramine was higher in subjects with the CYP2B66/6 genotype, but no statistical difference was observed among the CYP2B6 genotypes. These results suggest that the enantioselective disposition of sibutramine and its active metabolites are influenced by the altered genetic and environmental factors of CYP2B6 and CYP3A activity in vivo.	[ "Different", "effects", "of", "clopidogrel", "and", "clarithromycin", "on", "the", "enantioselective", "pharmacokinetics", "of", "sibutramine", "and", "its", "active", "metabolites", "in", "healthy", "subjects", ".", "\n", "In", "this", "study", ",", "we", "assessed", "the", "effects", "of", "clopidogrel", "and", "clarithromycin", ",", "known", "CYP2B6", "and", "CYP3A", "inhibitors", ",", "respectively", ",", "on", "the", "enantioselective", "disposition", "of", "racemic", "sibutramine", "in", "conjunction", "with", "CYP2B6", "polymorphisms", "in", "humans", ".", "Sibutramine", "showed", "enantioselective", "plasma", "profiles", "with", "consistently", "higher", "concentrations", "of", "R", "-", "enantiomers", ".", "Clopidogrel", "and", "clarithromycin", "significantly", "increased", "the", "sibutramine", "plasma", "concentration", ",", "but", "their", "effects", "differed", "between", "enantiomers", ";", "a", "2.2-fold", "versus", "4.1-fold", "increase", "in", "the", "AUC", "in", "S", "-", "enantiomer", "and", "1.8-fold", "versus", "2.0-fold", "for", "the", "R", "-", "enantiomer", ",", "respectively", ".", "The", "AUCs", "of", "S-", "and", "R", "-", "desmethyl", "metabolites", "changed", "significantly", "during", "the", "clopidogrel", "phase", "(", "P", " ", "<", " ", ".001", "and", "P", " ", "<", " ", ".001", ",", "respectively", ")", "but", "not", "during", "the", "clarithromycin", "phase", "(", "P", " ", "=", " ", ".099", "and", "P", " ", "=", " ", ".090", ",", "respectively", ")", ".", "Exposure", "to", "sibutramine", "was", "higher", "in", "subjects", "with", "the", "CYP2B6", "", "6/6", "genotype", ",", "but", "no", "statistical", "difference", "was", "observed", "among", "the", "CYP2B6", "genotypes", ".", "These", "results", "suggest", "that", "the", "enantioselective", "disposition", "of", "sibutramine", "and", "its", "active", "metabolites", "are", "influenced", "by", "the", "altered", "genetic", "and", "environmental", "factors", "of", "CYP2B6", "and", "CYP3A", "activity", "in", "vivo", "." ]	[ "CHEMICAL", "GENE-Y", "GENE-N" ]
Age is a Person, between 18 and 78 year - old is a Value, Previous is a Temporal, Genotype is a Measurement, 1 and 4 is a Value, infection is a Condition, Hepatitis C recurrence is a Scope, abnormal liver function test , positive HCV - RNA , histological signs of hepatitis C recurrence is a Scope, Viral load is a Measurement, Immunosuppression is a Procedure, tacrolimus and / or mycophenolate ( Prednisone use is allowed at low dose , ≤10 mg / d ) is a Scope, Treatment naïve or treatment experienced is a Scope, Peg - RBV or triple therapy is a Scope	NCT02890719_inc_task0	Sentence: Age between 18 and 78 year-old. Previous liver transplantation(more than 6 month). Genotype 1 and 4 infection. Hepatitis C recurrence defined by the presence of abnormal liver function test, positive HCV-RNA, histological signs of hepatitis C recurrence. Viral load ≥10000UI/mL. Immunosuppression with tacrolimus and/or mycophenolate (Prednisone use is allowed at low dose, ≤10 mg/d). Treatment naïve or treatment experienced (Peg-RBV or triple therapy). Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Temporal, Condition, Value, Person, Procedure, Scope, Measurement	[ "B-Person", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "B-Condition", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Procedure", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O" ]	Age between 18 and 78 year-old. Previous liver transplantation(more than 6 month). Genotype 1 and 4 infection. Hepatitis C recurrence defined by the presence of abnormal liver function test, positive HCV-RNA, histological signs of hepatitis C recurrence. Viral load ≥10000UI/mL. Immunosuppression with tacrolimus and/or mycophenolate (Prednisone use is allowed at low dose, ≤10 mg/d). Treatment naïve or treatment experienced (Peg-RBV or triple therapy).	[ "Age", "between", "18", "and", "78", "year", "-", "old", ".", "\n", "Previous", "liver", "transplantation(more", "than", "6", "month", ")", ".", "\n", "Genotype", "1", "and", "4", "infection", ".", "\n", "Hepatitis", "C", "recurrence", "defined", "by", "the", "presence", "of", "abnormal", "liver", "function", "test", ",", "positive", "HCV", "-", "RNA", ",", "histological", "signs", "of", "hepatitis", "C", "recurrence", ".", "\n", "Viral", "load", "≥10000UI", "/", "mL.", "\n", "Immunosuppression", "with", "tacrolimus", "and", "/", "or", "mycophenolate", "(", "Prednisone", "use", "is", "allowed", "at", "low", "dose", ",", "≤10", "mg", "/", "d", ")", ".", "\n", "Treatment", "naïve", "or", "treatment", "experienced", "(", "Peg", "-", "RBV", "or", "triple", "therapy", ")", ".", "\n" ]	[ "Scope", "Condition", "Value", "Procedure", "Measurement", "Temporal", "Drug", "Multiplier", "Person" ]
Age is a Person, between 18 and 78 year - old is a Value, Previous is a Temporal, Genotype is a Measurement, 1 and 4 is a Value, infection is a Condition, Hepatitis C recurrence is a Scope, abnormal liver function test , positive HCV - RNA , histological signs of hepatitis C recurrence is a Scope, Viral load is a Measurement, Immunosuppression is a Procedure, tacrolimus and / or mycophenolate ( Prednisone use is allowed at low dose , ≤10 mg / d ) is a Scope, Treatment naïve or treatment experienced is a Scope, Peg - RBV or triple therapy is a Scope	NCT02890719_inc_task1	Sentence: Age between 18 and 78 year-old. Previous liver transplantation(more than 6 month). Genotype 1 and 4 infection. Hepatitis C recurrence defined by the presence of abnormal liver function test, positive HCV-RNA, histological signs of hepatitis C recurrence. Viral load ≥10000UI/mL. Immunosuppression with tacrolimus and/or mycophenolate (Prednisone use is allowed at low dose, ≤10 mg/d). Treatment naïve or treatment experienced (Peg-RBV or triple therapy). Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Age, between 18 and 78 year - old, Previous, Genotype, 1 and 4, infection, Hepatitis C recurrence, abnormal liver function test , positive HCV - RNA , histological signs of hepatitis C recurrence, Viral load, Immunosuppression, tacrolimus and / or mycophenolate ( Prednisone use is allowed at low dose , ≤10 mg / d ), Treatment naïve or treatment experienced, Peg - RBV or triple therapy Options: Temporal, Condition, Value, Person, Procedure, Scope, Measurement	[ "B-Person", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "B-Condition", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Procedure", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O" ]	Age between 18 and 78 year-old. Previous liver transplantation(more than 6 month). Genotype 1 and 4 infection. Hepatitis C recurrence defined by the presence of abnormal liver function test, positive HCV-RNA, histological signs of hepatitis C recurrence. Viral load ≥10000UI/mL. Immunosuppression with tacrolimus and/or mycophenolate (Prednisone use is allowed at low dose, ≤10 mg/d). Treatment naïve or treatment experienced (Peg-RBV or triple therapy).	[ "Age", "between", "18", "and", "78", "year", "-", "old", ".", "\n", "Previous", "liver", "transplantation(more", "than", "6", "month", ")", ".", "\n", "Genotype", "1", "and", "4", "infection", ".", "\n", "Hepatitis", "C", "recurrence", "defined", "by", "the", "presence", "of", "abnormal", "liver", "function", "test", ",", "positive", "HCV", "-", "RNA", ",", "histological", "signs", "of", "hepatitis", "C", "recurrence", ".", "\n", "Viral", "load", "≥10000UI", "/", "mL.", "\n", "Immunosuppression", "with", "tacrolimus", "and", "/", "or", "mycophenolate", "(", "Prednisone", "use", "is", "allowed", "at", "low", "dose", ",", "≤10", "mg", "/", "d", ")", ".", "\n", "Treatment", "naïve", "or", "treatment", "experienced", "(", "Peg", "-", "RBV", "or", "triple", "therapy", ")", ".", "\n" ]	[ "Scope", "Condition", "Value", "Procedure", "Measurement", "Temporal", "Drug", "Multiplier", "Person" ]
Age, between 18 and 78 year - old, Previous, Genotype, 1 and 4, infection, Hepatitis C recurrence, abnormal liver function test , positive HCV - RNA , histological signs of hepatitis C recurrence, Viral load, Immunosuppression, tacrolimus and / or mycophenolate ( Prednisone use is allowed at low dose , ≤10 mg / d ), Treatment naïve or treatment experienced, Peg - RBV or triple therapy	NCT02890719_inc_task2	Sentence: Age between 18 and 78 year-old. Previous liver transplantation(more than 6 month). Genotype 1 and 4 infection. Hepatitis C recurrence defined by the presence of abnormal liver function test, positive HCV-RNA, histological signs of hepatitis C recurrence. Viral load ≥10000UI/mL. Immunosuppression with tacrolimus and/or mycophenolate (Prednisone use is allowed at low dose, ≤10 mg/d). Treatment naïve or treatment experienced (Peg-RBV or triple therapy). Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "B-Person", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "B-Condition", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Procedure", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O" ]	Age between 18 and 78 year-old. Previous liver transplantation(more than 6 month). Genotype 1 and 4 infection. Hepatitis C recurrence defined by the presence of abnormal liver function test, positive HCV-RNA, histological signs of hepatitis C recurrence. Viral load ≥10000UI/mL. Immunosuppression with tacrolimus and/or mycophenolate (Prednisone use is allowed at low dose, ≤10 mg/d). Treatment naïve or treatment experienced (Peg-RBV or triple therapy).	[ "Age", "between", "18", "and", "78", "year", "-", "old", ".", "\n", "Previous", "liver", "transplantation(more", "than", "6", "month", ")", ".", "\n", "Genotype", "1", "and", "4", "infection", ".", "\n", "Hepatitis", "C", "recurrence", "defined", "by", "the", "presence", "of", "abnormal", "liver", "function", "test", ",", "positive", "HCV", "-", "RNA", ",", "histological", "signs", "of", "hepatitis", "C", "recurrence", ".", "\n", "Viral", "load", "≥10000UI", "/", "mL.", "\n", "Immunosuppression", "with", "tacrolimus", "and", "/", "or", "mycophenolate", "(", "Prednisone", "use", "is", "allowed", "at", "low", "dose", ",", "≤10", "mg", "/", "d", ")", ".", "\n", "Treatment", "naïve", "or", "treatment", "experienced", "(", "Peg", "-", "RBV", "or", "triple", "therapy", ")", ".", "\n" ]	[ "Scope", "Condition", "Value", "Procedure", "Measurement", "Temporal", "Drug", "Multiplier", "Person" ]
PHOX2B is a protein	DS.d1207_task0	Sentence: Later-onset congenital central hypoventilation syndrome due to a heterozygous 24-polyalanine repeat expansion mutation in the PHOX2B gene. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O" ]	Later-onset congenital central hypoventilation syndrome due to a heterozygous 24-polyalanine repeat expansion mutation in the PHOX2B gene.	[ "Later", "-", "onset", "congenital", "central", "hypoventilation", "syndrome", "due", "to", "a", "heterozygous", "24-polyalanine", "repeat", "expansion", "mutation", "in", "the", "PHOX2B", "gene", "." ]	[ "compound", "protein" ]
PHOX2B is a protein	DS.d1207_task1	Sentence: Later-onset congenital central hypoventilation syndrome due to a heterozygous 24-polyalanine repeat expansion mutation in the PHOX2B gene. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: PHOX2B Options: protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O" ]	Later-onset congenital central hypoventilation syndrome due to a heterozygous 24-polyalanine repeat expansion mutation in the PHOX2B gene.	[ "Later", "-", "onset", "congenital", "central", "hypoventilation", "syndrome", "due", "to", "a", "heterozygous", "24-polyalanine", "repeat", "expansion", "mutation", "in", "the", "PHOX2B", "gene", "." ]	[ "compound", "protein" ]
PHOX2B	DS.d1207_task2	Sentence: Later-onset congenital central hypoventilation syndrome due to a heterozygous 24-polyalanine repeat expansion mutation in the PHOX2B gene. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O" ]	Later-onset congenital central hypoventilation syndrome due to a heterozygous 24-polyalanine repeat expansion mutation in the PHOX2B gene.	[ "Later", "-", "onset", "congenital", "central", "hypoventilation", "syndrome", "due", "to", "a", "heterozygous", "24-polyalanine", "repeat", "expansion", "mutation", "in", "the", "PHOX2B", "gene", "." ]	[ "compound", "protein" ]
Diagnose- is an umlsterm, Therapiestudien is an umlsterm, Diagnostik is an umlsterm, Therapieerfolges is an umlsterm, bildgebende is an umlsterm, Nuklearmedizin is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Replikationszahl is an umlsterm, Replikationszahl is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm	DerRadiologe.90390489.ger.abstr_task0	Sentence: Der nachfolgende Text beschreibt einen einfach durchfuehrbaren Ansatz zur kostenoptimalen Fallzahlplanung von kontrollierten Diagnose- oder Therapiestudien , wenn das zur Diagnostik oder zur Festmachung eines Therapieerfolges notwendige bildgebende Verfahren wie in der Nuklearmedizin keine volle Reliabilitaet ( Reproduzierbarkeit der Einzelauswertung ) aufweist , sondern mehrere wiederholte Auswertungen der Rohdaten eines Patienten notwendig sind . Unter Vorgabe einer Kostenstruktur fuer die geplante Studie kann dann ueber eine kostenoptimale Replikationszahl pro Studienteilnehmer eine an diese Replikationszahl angepasste Studiengruppengroesse berechnet werden . Das beschriebene Vorgehen bringt vor allem dann eine merkliche Kostenersparnis , wenn die zu wiederholenden Auswertungen der Rohdaten nur einen geringen Bruchteil derjenigen Kosten verursachen , welche etwa fuer die Vorbereitung eines Patienten auf die Messung oder die Gewinnung der Rohdaten in dieser Messung mit dem bildgebenden Verfahren anfallen . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Der nachfolgende Text beschreibt einen einfach durchfuehrbaren Ansatz zur kostenoptimalen Fallzahlplanung von kontrollierten Diagnose- oder Therapiestudien , wenn das zur Diagnostik oder zur Festmachung eines Therapieerfolges notwendige bildgebende Verfahren wie in der Nuklearmedizin keine volle Reliabilitaet ( Reproduzierbarkeit der Einzelauswertung ) aufweist , sondern mehrere wiederholte Auswertungen der Rohdaten eines Patienten notwendig sind . Unter Vorgabe einer Kostenstruktur fuer die geplante Studie kann dann ueber eine kostenoptimale Replikationszahl pro Studienteilnehmer eine an diese Replikationszahl angepasste Studiengruppengroesse berechnet werden . Das beschriebene Vorgehen bringt vor allem dann eine merkliche Kostenersparnis , wenn die zu wiederholenden Auswertungen der Rohdaten nur einen geringen Bruchteil derjenigen Kosten verursachen , welche etwa fuer die Vorbereitung eines Patienten auf die Messung oder die Gewinnung der Rohdaten in dieser Messung mit dem bildgebenden Verfahren anfallen .	[ "Der", "nachfolgende", "Text", "beschreibt", "einen", "einfach", "durchfuehrbaren", "Ansatz", "zur", "kostenoptimalen", "Fallzahlplanung", "von", "kontrollierten", "Diagnose-", "oder", "Therapiestudien", ",", "wenn", "das", "zur", "Diagnostik", "oder", "zur", "Festmachung", "eines", "Therapieerfolges", "notwendige", "bildgebende", "Verfahren", "wie", "in", "der", "Nuklearmedizin", "keine", "volle", "Reliabilitaet", "(", "Reproduzierbarkeit", "der", "Einzelauswertung", ")", "aufweist", ",", "sondern", "mehrere", "wiederholte", "Auswertungen", "der", "Rohdaten", "eines", "Patienten", "notwendig", "sind", ".", "Unter", "Vorgabe", "einer", "Kostenstruktur", "fuer", "die", "geplante", "Studie", "kann", "dann", "ueber", "eine", "kostenoptimale", "Replikationszahl", "pro", "Studienteilnehmer", "eine", "an", "diese", "Replikationszahl", "angepasste", "Studiengruppengroesse", "berechnet", "werden", ".", "Das", "beschriebene", "Vorgehen", "bringt", "vor", "allem", "dann", "eine", "merkliche", "Kostenersparnis", ",", "wenn", "die", "zu", "wiederholenden", "Auswertungen", "der", "Rohdaten", "nur", "einen", "geringen", "Bruchteil", "derjenigen", "Kosten", "verursachen", ",", "welche", "etwa", "fuer", "die", "Vorbereitung", "eines", "Patienten", "auf", "die", "Messung", "oder", "die", "Gewinnung", "der", "Rohdaten", "in", "dieser", "Messung", "mit", "dem", "bildgebenden", "Verfahren", "anfallen", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Diagnose- is an umlsterm, Therapiestudien is an umlsterm, Diagnostik is an umlsterm, Therapieerfolges is an umlsterm, bildgebende is an umlsterm, Nuklearmedizin is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Replikationszahl is an umlsterm, Replikationszahl is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm	DerRadiologe.90390489.ger.abstr_task1	Sentence: Der nachfolgende Text beschreibt einen einfach durchfuehrbaren Ansatz zur kostenoptimalen Fallzahlplanung von kontrollierten Diagnose- oder Therapiestudien , wenn das zur Diagnostik oder zur Festmachung eines Therapieerfolges notwendige bildgebende Verfahren wie in der Nuklearmedizin keine volle Reliabilitaet ( Reproduzierbarkeit der Einzelauswertung ) aufweist , sondern mehrere wiederholte Auswertungen der Rohdaten eines Patienten notwendig sind . Unter Vorgabe einer Kostenstruktur fuer die geplante Studie kann dann ueber eine kostenoptimale Replikationszahl pro Studienteilnehmer eine an diese Replikationszahl angepasste Studiengruppengroesse berechnet werden . Das beschriebene Vorgehen bringt vor allem dann eine merkliche Kostenersparnis , wenn die zu wiederholenden Auswertungen der Rohdaten nur einen geringen Bruchteil derjenigen Kosten verursachen , welche etwa fuer die Vorbereitung eines Patienten auf die Messung oder die Gewinnung der Rohdaten in dieser Messung mit dem bildgebenden Verfahren anfallen . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Diagnose-, Therapiestudien, Diagnostik, Therapieerfolges, bildgebende, Nuklearmedizin, Patienten, Replikationszahl, Replikationszahl, Patienten Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Der nachfolgende Text beschreibt einen einfach durchfuehrbaren Ansatz zur kostenoptimalen Fallzahlplanung von kontrollierten Diagnose- oder Therapiestudien , wenn das zur Diagnostik oder zur Festmachung eines Therapieerfolges notwendige bildgebende Verfahren wie in der Nuklearmedizin keine volle Reliabilitaet ( Reproduzierbarkeit der Einzelauswertung ) aufweist , sondern mehrere wiederholte Auswertungen der Rohdaten eines Patienten notwendig sind . Unter Vorgabe einer Kostenstruktur fuer die geplante Studie kann dann ueber eine kostenoptimale Replikationszahl pro Studienteilnehmer eine an diese Replikationszahl angepasste Studiengruppengroesse berechnet werden . Das beschriebene Vorgehen bringt vor allem dann eine merkliche Kostenersparnis , wenn die zu wiederholenden Auswertungen der Rohdaten nur einen geringen Bruchteil derjenigen Kosten verursachen , welche etwa fuer die Vorbereitung eines Patienten auf die Messung oder die Gewinnung der Rohdaten in dieser Messung mit dem bildgebenden Verfahren anfallen .	[ "Der", "nachfolgende", "Text", "beschreibt", "einen", "einfach", "durchfuehrbaren", "Ansatz", "zur", "kostenoptimalen", "Fallzahlplanung", "von", "kontrollierten", "Diagnose-", "oder", "Therapiestudien", ",", "wenn", "das", "zur", "Diagnostik", "oder", "zur", "Festmachung", "eines", "Therapieerfolges", "notwendige", "bildgebende", "Verfahren", "wie", "in", "der", "Nuklearmedizin", "keine", "volle", "Reliabilitaet", "(", "Reproduzierbarkeit", "der", "Einzelauswertung", ")", "aufweist", ",", "sondern", "mehrere", "wiederholte", "Auswertungen", "der", "Rohdaten", "eines", "Patienten", "notwendig", "sind", ".", "Unter", "Vorgabe", "einer", "Kostenstruktur", "fuer", "die", "geplante", "Studie", "kann", "dann", "ueber", "eine", "kostenoptimale", "Replikationszahl", "pro", "Studienteilnehmer", "eine", "an", "diese", "Replikationszahl", "angepasste", "Studiengruppengroesse", "berechnet", "werden", ".", "Das", "beschriebene", "Vorgehen", "bringt", "vor", "allem", "dann", "eine", "merkliche", "Kostenersparnis", ",", "wenn", "die", "zu", "wiederholenden", "Auswertungen", "der", "Rohdaten", "nur", "einen", "geringen", "Bruchteil", "derjenigen", "Kosten", "verursachen", ",", "welche", "etwa", "fuer", "die", "Vorbereitung", "eines", "Patienten", "auf", "die", "Messung", "oder", "die", "Gewinnung", "der", "Rohdaten", "in", "dieser", "Messung", "mit", "dem", "bildgebenden", "Verfahren", "anfallen", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Diagnose-, Therapiestudien, Diagnostik, Therapieerfolges, bildgebende, Nuklearmedizin, Patienten, Replikationszahl, Replikationszahl, Patienten	DerRadiologe.90390489.ger.abstr_task2	Sentence: Der nachfolgende Text beschreibt einen einfach durchfuehrbaren Ansatz zur kostenoptimalen Fallzahlplanung von kontrollierten Diagnose- oder Therapiestudien , wenn das zur Diagnostik oder zur Festmachung eines Therapieerfolges notwendige bildgebende Verfahren wie in der Nuklearmedizin keine volle Reliabilitaet ( Reproduzierbarkeit der Einzelauswertung ) aufweist , sondern mehrere wiederholte Auswertungen der Rohdaten eines Patienten notwendig sind . Unter Vorgabe einer Kostenstruktur fuer die geplante Studie kann dann ueber eine kostenoptimale Replikationszahl pro Studienteilnehmer eine an diese Replikationszahl angepasste Studiengruppengroesse berechnet werden . Das beschriebene Vorgehen bringt vor allem dann eine merkliche Kostenersparnis , wenn die zu wiederholenden Auswertungen der Rohdaten nur einen geringen Bruchteil derjenigen Kosten verursachen , welche etwa fuer die Vorbereitung eines Patienten auf die Messung oder die Gewinnung der Rohdaten in dieser Messung mit dem bildgebenden Verfahren anfallen . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Der nachfolgende Text beschreibt einen einfach durchfuehrbaren Ansatz zur kostenoptimalen Fallzahlplanung von kontrollierten Diagnose- oder Therapiestudien , wenn das zur Diagnostik oder zur Festmachung eines Therapieerfolges notwendige bildgebende Verfahren wie in der Nuklearmedizin keine volle Reliabilitaet ( Reproduzierbarkeit der Einzelauswertung ) aufweist , sondern mehrere wiederholte Auswertungen der Rohdaten eines Patienten notwendig sind . Unter Vorgabe einer Kostenstruktur fuer die geplante Studie kann dann ueber eine kostenoptimale Replikationszahl pro Studienteilnehmer eine an diese Replikationszahl angepasste Studiengruppengroesse berechnet werden . Das beschriebene Vorgehen bringt vor allem dann eine merkliche Kostenersparnis , wenn die zu wiederholenden Auswertungen der Rohdaten nur einen geringen Bruchteil derjenigen Kosten verursachen , welche etwa fuer die Vorbereitung eines Patienten auf die Messung oder die Gewinnung der Rohdaten in dieser Messung mit dem bildgebenden Verfahren anfallen .	[ "Der", "nachfolgende", "Text", "beschreibt", "einen", "einfach", "durchfuehrbaren", "Ansatz", "zur", "kostenoptimalen", "Fallzahlplanung", "von", "kontrollierten", "Diagnose-", "oder", "Therapiestudien", ",", "wenn", "das", "zur", "Diagnostik", "oder", "zur", "Festmachung", "eines", "Therapieerfolges", "notwendige", "bildgebende", "Verfahren", "wie", "in", "der", "Nuklearmedizin", "keine", "volle", "Reliabilitaet", "(", "Reproduzierbarkeit", "der", "Einzelauswertung", ")", "aufweist", ",", "sondern", "mehrere", "wiederholte", "Auswertungen", "der", "Rohdaten", "eines", "Patienten", "notwendig", "sind", ".", "Unter", "Vorgabe", "einer", "Kostenstruktur", "fuer", "die", "geplante", "Studie", "kann", "dann", "ueber", "eine", "kostenoptimale", "Replikationszahl", "pro", "Studienteilnehmer", "eine", "an", "diese", "Replikationszahl", "angepasste", "Studiengruppengroesse", "berechnet", "werden", ".", "Das", "beschriebene", "Vorgehen", "bringt", "vor", "allem", "dann", "eine", "merkliche", "Kostenersparnis", ",", "wenn", "die", "zu", "wiederholenden", "Auswertungen", "der", "Rohdaten", "nur", "einen", "geringen", "Bruchteil", "derjenigen", "Kosten", "verursachen", ",", "welche", "etwa", "fuer", "die", "Vorbereitung", "eines", "Patienten", "auf", "die", "Messung", "oder", "die", "Gewinnung", "der", "Rohdaten", "in", "dieser", "Messung", "mit", "dem", "bildgebenden", "Verfahren", "anfallen", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
human sialidases is a GENE-N	20222714_task0	Sentence: Complexity in influenza virus targeted drug design: interaction with human sialidases. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: GENE-N	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O" ]	Complexity in influenza virus targeted drug design: interaction with human sialidases.	[ "Complexity", "in", "influenza", "virus", "targeted", "drug", "design", ":", "interaction", "with", "human", "sialidases", "." ]	[ "GENE-N", "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL" ]
human sialidases is a GENE-N	20222714_task1	Sentence: Complexity in influenza virus targeted drug design: interaction with human sialidases. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: human sialidases Options: GENE-N	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O" ]	Complexity in influenza virus targeted drug design: interaction with human sialidases.	[ "Complexity", "in", "influenza", "virus", "targeted", "drug", "design", ":", "interaction", "with", "human", "sialidases", "." ]	[ "GENE-N", "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL" ]
human sialidases	20222714_task2	Sentence: Complexity in influenza virus targeted drug design: interaction with human sialidases. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O" ]	Complexity in influenza virus targeted drug design: interaction with human sialidases.	[ "Complexity", "in", "influenza", "virus", "targeted", "drug", "design", ":", "interaction", "with", "human", "sialidases", "." ]	[ "GENE-N", "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL" ]
Auge is an umlsterm, Gesichtsfeldererfassung is an umlsterm, Farbsehens is an umlsterm, Kontrastwahrnehmung is an umlsterm, Sehschaerfe is an umlsterm	DerOpthalmologe.80950639.ger.abstr_task0	Sentence: Fast alle relevanten Informationen des Piloten - sowohl im Sicht- , als auch im Instrumentenflug - erfolgen optisch ueber das Auge . Aus diesem Grunde ist in den " Richtlinien fuer die Tauglichkeit " neben den uebrigen Parametern wie Gesichtsfeldererfassung , Pruefung des Farbsehens , der Kontrastwahrnehmung und der Dunkeladaption vor allem die Sehschaerfe von Bedeutung . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O" ]	Fast alle relevanten Informationen des Piloten - sowohl im Sicht- , als auch im Instrumentenflug - erfolgen optisch ueber das Auge . Aus diesem Grunde ist in den " Richtlinien fuer die Tauglichkeit " neben den uebrigen Parametern wie Gesichtsfeldererfassung , Pruefung des Farbsehens , der Kontrastwahrnehmung und der Dunkeladaption vor allem die Sehschaerfe von Bedeutung .	[ "Fast", "alle", "relevanten", "Informationen", "des", "Piloten", "-", "sowohl", "im", "Sicht-", ",", "als", "auch", "im", "Instrumentenflug", "-", "erfolgen", "optisch", "ueber", "das", "Auge", ".", "Aus", "diesem", "Grunde", "ist", "in", "den", "\"", "Richtlinien", "fuer", "die", "Tauglichkeit", "\"", "neben", "den", "uebrigen", "Parametern", "wie", "Gesichtsfeldererfassung", ",", "Pruefung", "des", "Farbsehens", ",", "der", "Kontrastwahrnehmung", "und", "der", "Dunkeladaption", "vor", "allem", "die", "Sehschaerfe", "von", "Bedeutung", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Auge is an umlsterm, Gesichtsfeldererfassung is an umlsterm, Farbsehens is an umlsterm, Kontrastwahrnehmung is an umlsterm, Sehschaerfe is an umlsterm	DerOpthalmologe.80950639.ger.abstr_task1	Sentence: Fast alle relevanten Informationen des Piloten - sowohl im Sicht- , als auch im Instrumentenflug - erfolgen optisch ueber das Auge . Aus diesem Grunde ist in den " Richtlinien fuer die Tauglichkeit " neben den uebrigen Parametern wie Gesichtsfeldererfassung , Pruefung des Farbsehens , der Kontrastwahrnehmung und der Dunkeladaption vor allem die Sehschaerfe von Bedeutung . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Auge, Gesichtsfeldererfassung, Farbsehens, Kontrastwahrnehmung, Sehschaerfe Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O" ]	Fast alle relevanten Informationen des Piloten - sowohl im Sicht- , als auch im Instrumentenflug - erfolgen optisch ueber das Auge . Aus diesem Grunde ist in den " Richtlinien fuer die Tauglichkeit " neben den uebrigen Parametern wie Gesichtsfeldererfassung , Pruefung des Farbsehens , der Kontrastwahrnehmung und der Dunkeladaption vor allem die Sehschaerfe von Bedeutung .	[ "Fast", "alle", "relevanten", "Informationen", "des", "Piloten", "-", "sowohl", "im", "Sicht-", ",", "als", "auch", "im", "Instrumentenflug", "-", "erfolgen", "optisch", "ueber", "das", "Auge", ".", "Aus", "diesem", "Grunde", "ist", "in", "den", "\"", "Richtlinien", "fuer", "die", "Tauglichkeit", "\"", "neben", "den", "uebrigen", "Parametern", "wie", "Gesichtsfeldererfassung", ",", "Pruefung", "des", "Farbsehens", ",", "der", "Kontrastwahrnehmung", "und", "der", "Dunkeladaption", "vor", "allem", "die", "Sehschaerfe", "von", "Bedeutung", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Auge, Gesichtsfeldererfassung, Farbsehens, Kontrastwahrnehmung, Sehschaerfe	DerOpthalmologe.80950639.ger.abstr_task2	Sentence: Fast alle relevanten Informationen des Piloten - sowohl im Sicht- , als auch im Instrumentenflug - erfolgen optisch ueber das Auge . Aus diesem Grunde ist in den " Richtlinien fuer die Tauglichkeit " neben den uebrigen Parametern wie Gesichtsfeldererfassung , Pruefung des Farbsehens , der Kontrastwahrnehmung und der Dunkeladaption vor allem die Sehschaerfe von Bedeutung . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O" ]	Fast alle relevanten Informationen des Piloten - sowohl im Sicht- , als auch im Instrumentenflug - erfolgen optisch ueber das Auge . Aus diesem Grunde ist in den " Richtlinien fuer die Tauglichkeit " neben den uebrigen Parametern wie Gesichtsfeldererfassung , Pruefung des Farbsehens , der Kontrastwahrnehmung und der Dunkeladaption vor allem die Sehschaerfe von Bedeutung .	[ "Fast", "alle", "relevanten", "Informationen", "des", "Piloten", "-", "sowohl", "im", "Sicht-", ",", "als", "auch", "im", "Instrumentenflug", "-", "erfolgen", "optisch", "ueber", "das", "Auge", ".", "Aus", "diesem", "Grunde", "ist", "in", "den", "\"", "Richtlinien", "fuer", "die", "Tauglichkeit", "\"", "neben", "den", "uebrigen", "Parametern", "wie", "Gesichtsfeldererfassung", ",", "Pruefung", "des", "Farbsehens", ",", "der", "Kontrastwahrnehmung", "und", "der", "Dunkeladaption", "vor", "allem", "die", "Sehschaerfe", "von", "Bedeutung", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
aphthae is an umlsterm, aphthoses is an umlsterm, oral mucosa is an umlsterm, Aphthae is an umlsterm, ulcers is an umlsterm, origin is an umlsterm, research is an umlsterm, aphthoses is an umlsterm, aphthosis is an umlsterm, disease is an umlsterm, diagnostic is an umlsterm, Europe is an umlsterm, vasculitis is an umlsterm, disorder is an umlsterm, prognosis is an umlsterm, the changing is an umlsterm, recognition is an umlsterm, disease is an umlsterm, aphthous stomatitis is an umlsterm, occurrence is an umlsterm, aphthosis is an umlsterm, diagnostic is an umlsterm, competence is an umlsterm, physicians is an umlsterm, recognition is an umlsterm, disease is an umlsterm, review is an umlsterm, diagnostic is an umlsterm, therapeutic is an umlsterm, aphthoses is an umlsterm	HNO.80460102.eng.abstr_task0	Sentence: Recurrent aphthae ( or aphthoses ) are the most frequent inflammatory lesions of the oral mucosa . Aphthae can clearly be defined , but may also be barely discernible from aphthoid erosions and ulcers of heterogeneous origin . Although a subject of molecular research , the etiopathogenesis of oral aphthoses is still unknown . However , the clinical differentiation of a " benign " type of aphthosis from a " pernicious " one , such as Behçet's disease ( BD ) , is a diagnostic matter of great significance . BD has been found clinically in increasing numbers in central Europe and represents an ( auto- ) hyperimmune multisystem life-threatening vasculitis . In this disorder possible damage can occur to many visceral organs and/or the cerebrospinal system . The prognosis of BD may depend on the changing involvement of very different organs , as well as the early recognition of the disease per se . The most prominent feature is a multilesional aphthous stomatitis that is almost never absent during acute episodes of BD . Hence , the occurrence of this peculiar type of aphthosis strongly indicates an active BD . The plethora of other aphthoid lesions can be challenging to the diagnostic competence of all physicians and may confuse the correct recognition of the severity of the disease present . This review particularly details the wide range of diagnostic , therapeutic and prognostic aspects of the various oral aphthoses . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O" ]	Recurrent aphthae ( or aphthoses ) are the most frequent inflammatory lesions of the oral mucosa . Aphthae can clearly be defined , but may also be barely discernible from aphthoid erosions and ulcers of heterogeneous origin . Although a subject of molecular research , the etiopathogenesis of oral aphthoses is still unknown . However , the clinical differentiation of a " benign " type of aphthosis from a " pernicious " one , such as Behçet's disease ( BD ) , is a diagnostic matter of great significance . BD has been found clinically in increasing numbers in central Europe and represents an ( auto- ) hyperimmune multisystem life-threatening vasculitis . In this disorder possible damage can occur to many visceral organs and/or the cerebrospinal system . The prognosis of BD may depend on the changing involvement of very different organs , as well as the early recognition of the disease per se . The most prominent feature is a multilesional aphthous stomatitis that is almost never absent during acute episodes of BD . Hence , the occurrence of this peculiar type of aphthosis strongly indicates an active BD . The plethora of other aphthoid lesions can be challenging to the diagnostic competence of all physicians and may confuse the correct recognition of the severity of the disease present . This review particularly details the wide range of diagnostic , therapeutic and prognostic aspects of the various oral aphthoses .	[ "Recurrent", "aphthae", "(", "or", "aphthoses", ")", "are", "the", "most", "frequent", "inflammatory", "lesions", "of", "the", "oral", "mucosa", ".", "Aphthae", "can", "clearly", "be", "defined", ",", "but", "may", "also", "be", "barely", "discernible", "from", "aphthoid", "erosions", "and", "ulcers", "of", "heterogeneous", "origin", ".", "Although", "a", "subject", "of", "molecular", "research", ",", "the", "etiopathogenesis", "of", "oral", "aphthoses", "is", "still", "unknown", ".", "However", ",", "the", "clinical", "differentiation", "of", "a", "\"", "benign", "\"", "type", "of", "aphthosis", "from", "a", "\"", "pernicious", "\"", "one", ",", "such", "as", "Behçet", "'s", "disease", "(", "BD", ")", ",", "is", "a", "diagnostic", "matter", "of", "great", "significance", ".", "BD", "has", "been", "found", "clinically", "in", "increasing", "numbers", "in", "central", "Europe", "and", "represents", "an", "(", "auto-", ")", "hyperimmune", "multisystem", "life", "-", "threatening", "vasculitis", ".", "In", "this", "disorder", "possible", "damage", "can", "occur", "to", "many", "visceral", "organs", "and", "/", "or", "the", "cerebrospinal", "system", ".", "The", "prognosis", "of", "BD", "may", "depend", "on", "the", "changing", "involvement", "of", "very", "different", "organs", ",", "as", "well", "as", "the", "early", "recognition", "of", "the", "disease", "per", "se", ".", "The", "most", "prominent", "feature", "is", "a", "multilesional", "aphthous", "stomatitis", "that", "is", "almost", "never", "absent", "during", "acute", "episodes", "of", "BD", ".", "Hence", ",", "the", "occurrence", "of", "this", "peculiar", "type", "of", "aphthosis", "strongly", "indicates", "an", "active", "BD", ".", "The", "plethora", "of", "other", "aphthoid", "lesions", "can", "be", "challenging", "to", "the", "diagnostic", "competence", "of", "all", "physicians", "and", "may", "confuse", "the", "correct", "recognition", "of", "the", "severity", "of", "the", "disease", "present", ".", "This", "review", "particularly", "details", "the", "wide", "range", "of", "diagnostic", ",", "therapeutic", "and", "prognostic", "aspects", "of", "the", "various", "oral", "aphthoses", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
aphthae is an umlsterm, aphthoses is an umlsterm, oral mucosa is an umlsterm, Aphthae is an umlsterm, ulcers is an umlsterm, origin is an umlsterm, research is an umlsterm, aphthoses is an umlsterm, aphthosis is an umlsterm, disease is an umlsterm, diagnostic is an umlsterm, Europe is an umlsterm, vasculitis is an umlsterm, disorder is an umlsterm, prognosis is an umlsterm, the changing is an umlsterm, recognition is an umlsterm, disease is an umlsterm, aphthous stomatitis is an umlsterm, occurrence is an umlsterm, aphthosis is an umlsterm, diagnostic is an umlsterm, competence is an umlsterm, physicians is an umlsterm, recognition is an umlsterm, disease is an umlsterm, review is an umlsterm, diagnostic is an umlsterm, therapeutic is an umlsterm, aphthoses is an umlsterm	HNO.80460102.eng.abstr_task1	Sentence: Recurrent aphthae ( or aphthoses ) are the most frequent inflammatory lesions of the oral mucosa . Aphthae can clearly be defined , but may also be barely discernible from aphthoid erosions and ulcers of heterogeneous origin . Although a subject of molecular research , the etiopathogenesis of oral aphthoses is still unknown . However , the clinical differentiation of a " benign " type of aphthosis from a " pernicious " one , such as Behçet's disease ( BD ) , is a diagnostic matter of great significance . BD has been found clinically in increasing numbers in central Europe and represents an ( auto- ) hyperimmune multisystem life-threatening vasculitis . In this disorder possible damage can occur to many visceral organs and/or the cerebrospinal system . The prognosis of BD may depend on the changing involvement of very different organs , as well as the early recognition of the disease per se . The most prominent feature is a multilesional aphthous stomatitis that is almost never absent during acute episodes of BD . Hence , the occurrence of this peculiar type of aphthosis strongly indicates an active BD . The plethora of other aphthoid lesions can be challenging to the diagnostic competence of all physicians and may confuse the correct recognition of the severity of the disease present . This review particularly details the wide range of diagnostic , therapeutic and prognostic aspects of the various oral aphthoses . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: aphthae, aphthoses, oral mucosa, Aphthae, ulcers, origin, research, aphthoses, aphthosis, disease, diagnostic, Europe, vasculitis, disorder, prognosis, the changing, recognition, disease, aphthous stomatitis, occurrence, aphthosis, diagnostic, competence, physicians, recognition, disease, review, diagnostic, therapeutic, aphthoses Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O" ]	Recurrent aphthae ( or aphthoses ) are the most frequent inflammatory lesions of the oral mucosa . Aphthae can clearly be defined , but may also be barely discernible from aphthoid erosions and ulcers of heterogeneous origin . Although a subject of molecular research , the etiopathogenesis of oral aphthoses is still unknown . However , the clinical differentiation of a " benign " type of aphthosis from a " pernicious " one , such as Behçet's disease ( BD ) , is a diagnostic matter of great significance . BD has been found clinically in increasing numbers in central Europe and represents an ( auto- ) hyperimmune multisystem life-threatening vasculitis . In this disorder possible damage can occur to many visceral organs and/or the cerebrospinal system . The prognosis of BD may depend on the changing involvement of very different organs , as well as the early recognition of the disease per se . The most prominent feature is a multilesional aphthous stomatitis that is almost never absent during acute episodes of BD . Hence , the occurrence of this peculiar type of aphthosis strongly indicates an active BD . The plethora of other aphthoid lesions can be challenging to the diagnostic competence of all physicians and may confuse the correct recognition of the severity of the disease present . This review particularly details the wide range of diagnostic , therapeutic and prognostic aspects of the various oral aphthoses .	[ "Recurrent", "aphthae", "(", "or", "aphthoses", ")", "are", "the", "most", "frequent", "inflammatory", "lesions", "of", "the", "oral", "mucosa", ".", "Aphthae", "can", "clearly", "be", "defined", ",", "but", "may", "also", "be", "barely", "discernible", "from", "aphthoid", "erosions", "and", "ulcers", "of", "heterogeneous", "origin", ".", "Although", "a", "subject", "of", "molecular", "research", ",", "the", "etiopathogenesis", "of", "oral", "aphthoses", "is", "still", "unknown", ".", "However", ",", "the", "clinical", "differentiation", "of", "a", "\"", "benign", "\"", "type", "of", "aphthosis", "from", "a", "\"", "pernicious", "\"", "one", ",", "such", "as", "Behçet", "'s", "disease", "(", "BD", ")", ",", "is", "a", "diagnostic", "matter", "of", "great", "significance", ".", "BD", "has", "been", "found", "clinically", "in", "increasing", "numbers", "in", "central", "Europe", "and", "represents", "an", "(", "auto-", ")", "hyperimmune", "multisystem", "life", "-", "threatening", "vasculitis", ".", "In", "this", "disorder", "possible", "damage", "can", "occur", "to", "many", "visceral", "organs", "and", "/", "or", "the", "cerebrospinal", "system", ".", "The", "prognosis", "of", "BD", "may", "depend", "on", "the", "changing", "involvement", "of", "very", "different", "organs", ",", "as", "well", "as", "the", "early", "recognition", "of", "the", "disease", "per", "se", ".", "The", "most", "prominent", "feature", "is", "a", "multilesional", "aphthous", "stomatitis", "that", "is", "almost", "never", "absent", "during", "acute", "episodes", "of", "BD", ".", "Hence", ",", "the", "occurrence", "of", "this", "peculiar", "type", "of", "aphthosis", "strongly", "indicates", "an", "active", "BD", ".", "The", "plethora", "of", "other", "aphthoid", "lesions", "can", "be", "challenging", "to", "the", "diagnostic", "competence", "of", "all", "physicians", "and", "may", "confuse", "the", "correct", "recognition", "of", "the", "severity", "of", "the", "disease", "present", ".", "This", "review", "particularly", "details", "the", "wide", "range", "of", "diagnostic", ",", "therapeutic", "and", "prognostic", "aspects", "of", "the", "various", "oral", "aphthoses", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
aphthae, aphthoses, oral mucosa, Aphthae, ulcers, origin, research, aphthoses, aphthosis, disease, diagnostic, Europe, vasculitis, disorder, prognosis, the changing, recognition, disease, aphthous stomatitis, occurrence, aphthosis, diagnostic, competence, physicians, recognition, disease, review, diagnostic, therapeutic, aphthoses	HNO.80460102.eng.abstr_task2	Sentence: Recurrent aphthae ( or aphthoses ) are the most frequent inflammatory lesions of the oral mucosa . Aphthae can clearly be defined , but may also be barely discernible from aphthoid erosions and ulcers of heterogeneous origin . Although a subject of molecular research , the etiopathogenesis of oral aphthoses is still unknown . However , the clinical differentiation of a " benign " type of aphthosis from a " pernicious " one , such as Behçet's disease ( BD ) , is a diagnostic matter of great significance . BD has been found clinically in increasing numbers in central Europe and represents an ( auto- ) hyperimmune multisystem life-threatening vasculitis . In this disorder possible damage can occur to many visceral organs and/or the cerebrospinal system . The prognosis of BD may depend on the changing involvement of very different organs , as well as the early recognition of the disease per se . The most prominent feature is a multilesional aphthous stomatitis that is almost never absent during acute episodes of BD . Hence , the occurrence of this peculiar type of aphthosis strongly indicates an active BD . The plethora of other aphthoid lesions can be challenging to the diagnostic competence of all physicians and may confuse the correct recognition of the severity of the disease present . This review particularly details the wide range of diagnostic , therapeutic and prognostic aspects of the various oral aphthoses . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O" ]	Recurrent aphthae ( or aphthoses ) are the most frequent inflammatory lesions of the oral mucosa . Aphthae can clearly be defined , but may also be barely discernible from aphthoid erosions and ulcers of heterogeneous origin . Although a subject of molecular research , the etiopathogenesis of oral aphthoses is still unknown . However , the clinical differentiation of a " benign " type of aphthosis from a " pernicious " one , such as Behçet's disease ( BD ) , is a diagnostic matter of great significance . BD has been found clinically in increasing numbers in central Europe and represents an ( auto- ) hyperimmune multisystem life-threatening vasculitis . In this disorder possible damage can occur to many visceral organs and/or the cerebrospinal system . The prognosis of BD may depend on the changing involvement of very different organs , as well as the early recognition of the disease per se . The most prominent feature is a multilesional aphthous stomatitis that is almost never absent during acute episodes of BD . Hence , the occurrence of this peculiar type of aphthosis strongly indicates an active BD . The plethora of other aphthoid lesions can be challenging to the diagnostic competence of all physicians and may confuse the correct recognition of the severity of the disease present . This review particularly details the wide range of diagnostic , therapeutic and prognostic aspects of the various oral aphthoses .	[ "Recurrent", "aphthae", "(", "or", "aphthoses", ")", "are", "the", "most", "frequent", "inflammatory", "lesions", "of", "the", "oral", "mucosa", ".", "Aphthae", "can", "clearly", "be", "defined", ",", "but", "may", "also", "be", "barely", "discernible", "from", "aphthoid", "erosions", "and", "ulcers", "of", "heterogeneous", "origin", ".", "Although", "a", "subject", "of", "molecular", "research", ",", "the", "etiopathogenesis", "of", "oral", "aphthoses", "is", "still", "unknown", ".", "However", ",", "the", "clinical", "differentiation", "of", "a", "\"", "benign", "\"", "type", "of", "aphthosis", "from", "a", "\"", "pernicious", "\"", "one", ",", "such", "as", "Behçet", "'s", "disease", "(", "BD", ")", ",", "is", "a", "diagnostic", "matter", "of", "great", "significance", ".", "BD", "has", "been", "found", "clinically", "in", "increasing", "numbers", "in", "central", "Europe", "and", "represents", "an", "(", "auto-", ")", "hyperimmune", "multisystem", "life", "-", "threatening", "vasculitis", ".", "In", "this", "disorder", "possible", "damage", "can", "occur", "to", "many", "visceral", "organs", "and", "/", "or", "the", "cerebrospinal", "system", ".", "The", "prognosis", "of", "BD", "may", "depend", "on", "the", "changing", "involvement", "of", "very", "different", "organs", ",", "as", "well", "as", "the", "early", "recognition", "of", "the", "disease", "per", "se", ".", "The", "most", "prominent", "feature", "is", "a", "multilesional", "aphthous", "stomatitis", "that", "is", "almost", "never", "absent", "during", "acute", "episodes", "of", "BD", ".", "Hence", ",", "the", "occurrence", "of", "this", "peculiar", "type", "of", "aphthosis", "strongly", "indicates", "an", "active", "BD", ".", "The", "plethora", "of", "other", "aphthoid", "lesions", "can", "be", "challenging", "to", "the", "diagnostic", "competence", "of", "all", "physicians", "and", "may", "confuse", "the", "correct", "recognition", "of", "the", "severity", "of", "the", "disease", "present", ".", "This", "review", "particularly", "details", "the", "wide", "range", "of", "diagnostic", ",", "therapeutic", "and", "prognostic", "aspects", "of", "the", "various", "oral", "aphthoses", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
treatment is an umlsterm, stem is an umlsterm, operation is an umlsterm, method is an umlsterm, choice is an umlsterm, stem is an umlsterm, stage is an umlsterm, disease is an umlsterm, treatment is an umlsterm, vein is an umlsterm, stump is an umlsterm, surgical treatment is an umlsterm, surgery is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, stumps is an umlsterm, occurrence is an umlsterm, surgery is an umlsterm, treatment is an umlsterm, veins is an umlsterm, surgical is an umlsterm, therapy is an umlsterm, postoperative is an umlsterm, sclerotherapy is an umlsterm, veins is an umlsterm, period is an umlsterm, stumps is an umlsterm, graft is an umlsterm, stumps is an umlsterm, graft is an umlsterm, future is an umlsterm, surgical treatment is an umlsterm, stem is an umlsterm	Gefaesschirurgie.80030226.eng.abstr_task0	Sentence: The stage-oriented treatment of stem varicosis is the operation method of choice . Nowadays , partial stem varicosis , which is an earlier stage of the disease , leads to operative treatment more frequently than 10 years ago ; thus a sufficient vein stump remains after surgical treatment . After surgery on a group of 1000 patients , we examined the stumps for patency , the occurrence of varicose changes , for their availability in the long term , and the sufficiency of their length for aortocoronary or peripheral bypass surgery . The treatment of insufficient perforant veins was also included in the surgical therapy , as well as postoperative sclerotherapy of remaining lateral veins . With a follow-up period of up to 33 months postoperatively , the results show a high patency rate in the remaining stumps ( 97% ) , as well as a high sufficiency rate ( 94% ) , with a mean graft length of 29.4 cm . Thus these stumps constitute a good natural graft for future vascular reconstructions . This study supports the call for the stage-oriented surgical treatment of stem varicosis . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O" ]	The stage-oriented treatment of stem varicosis is the operation method of choice . Nowadays , partial stem varicosis , which is an earlier stage of the disease , leads to operative treatment more frequently than 10 years ago ; thus a sufficient vein stump remains after surgical treatment . After surgery on a group of 1000 patients , we examined the stumps for patency , the occurrence of varicose changes , for their availability in the long term , and the sufficiency of their length for aortocoronary or peripheral bypass surgery . The treatment of insufficient perforant veins was also included in the surgical therapy , as well as postoperative sclerotherapy of remaining lateral veins . With a follow-up period of up to 33 months postoperatively , the results show a high patency rate in the remaining stumps ( 97% ) , as well as a high sufficiency rate ( 94% ) , with a mean graft length of 29.4 cm . Thus these stumps constitute a good natural graft for future vascular reconstructions . This study supports the call for the stage-oriented surgical treatment of stem varicosis .	[ "The", "stage", "-", "oriented", "treatment", "of", "stem", "varicosis", "is", "the", "operation", "method", "of", "choice", ".", "Nowadays", ",", "partial", "stem", "varicosis", ",", "which", "is", "an", "earlier", "stage", "of", "the", "disease", ",", "leads", "to", "operative", "treatment", "more", "frequently", "than", "10", "years", "ago", ";", "thus", "a", "sufficient", "vein", "stump", "remains", "after", "surgical", "treatment", ".", "After", "surgery", "on", "a", "group", "of", "1000", "patients", ",", "we", "examined", "the", "stumps", "for", "patency", ",", "the", "occurrence", "of", "varicose", "changes", ",", "for", "their", "availability", "in", "the", "long", "term", ",", "and", "the", "sufficiency", "of", "their", "length", "for", "aortocoronary", "or", "peripheral", "bypass", "surgery", ".", "The", "treatment", "of", "insufficient", "perforant", "veins", "was", "also", "included", "in", "the", "surgical", "therapy", ",", "as", "well", "as", "postoperative", "sclerotherapy", "of", "remaining", "lateral", "veins", ".", "With", "a", "follow", "-", "up", "period", "of", "up", "to", "33", "months", "postoperatively", ",", "the", "results", "show", "a", "high", "patency", "rate", "in", "the", "remaining", "stumps", "(", "97", "%", ")", ",", "as", "well", "as", "a", "high", "sufficiency", "rate", "(", "94", "%", ")", ",", "with", "a", "mean", "graft", "length", "of", "29.4", "cm", ".", "Thus", "these", "stumps", "constitute", "a", "good", "natural", "graft", "for", "future", "vascular", "reconstructions", ".", "This", "study", "supports", "the", "call", "for", "the", "stage", "-", "oriented", "surgical", "treatment", "of", "stem", "varicosis", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
treatment is an umlsterm, stem is an umlsterm, operation is an umlsterm, method is an umlsterm, choice is an umlsterm, stem is an umlsterm, stage is an umlsterm, disease is an umlsterm, treatment is an umlsterm, vein is an umlsterm, stump is an umlsterm, surgical treatment is an umlsterm, surgery is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, stumps is an umlsterm, occurrence is an umlsterm, surgery is an umlsterm, treatment is an umlsterm, veins is an umlsterm, surgical is an umlsterm, therapy is an umlsterm, postoperative is an umlsterm, sclerotherapy is an umlsterm, veins is an umlsterm, period is an umlsterm, stumps is an umlsterm, graft is an umlsterm, stumps is an umlsterm, graft is an umlsterm, future is an umlsterm, surgical treatment is an umlsterm, stem is an umlsterm	Gefaesschirurgie.80030226.eng.abstr_task1	Sentence: The stage-oriented treatment of stem varicosis is the operation method of choice . Nowadays , partial stem varicosis , which is an earlier stage of the disease , leads to operative treatment more frequently than 10 years ago ; thus a sufficient vein stump remains after surgical treatment . After surgery on a group of 1000 patients , we examined the stumps for patency , the occurrence of varicose changes , for their availability in the long term , and the sufficiency of their length for aortocoronary or peripheral bypass surgery . The treatment of insufficient perforant veins was also included in the surgical therapy , as well as postoperative sclerotherapy of remaining lateral veins . With a follow-up period of up to 33 months postoperatively , the results show a high patency rate in the remaining stumps ( 97% ) , as well as a high sufficiency rate ( 94% ) , with a mean graft length of 29.4 cm . Thus these stumps constitute a good natural graft for future vascular reconstructions . This study supports the call for the stage-oriented surgical treatment of stem varicosis . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: treatment, stem, operation, method, choice, stem, stage, disease, treatment, vein, stump, surgical treatment, surgery, patients, stumps, occurrence, surgery, treatment, veins, surgical, therapy, postoperative, sclerotherapy, veins, period, stumps, graft, stumps, graft, future, surgical treatment, stem Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O" ]	The stage-oriented treatment of stem varicosis is the operation method of choice . Nowadays , partial stem varicosis , which is an earlier stage of the disease , leads to operative treatment more frequently than 10 years ago ; thus a sufficient vein stump remains after surgical treatment . After surgery on a group of 1000 patients , we examined the stumps for patency , the occurrence of varicose changes , for their availability in the long term , and the sufficiency of their length for aortocoronary or peripheral bypass surgery . The treatment of insufficient perforant veins was also included in the surgical therapy , as well as postoperative sclerotherapy of remaining lateral veins . With a follow-up period of up to 33 months postoperatively , the results show a high patency rate in the remaining stumps ( 97% ) , as well as a high sufficiency rate ( 94% ) , with a mean graft length of 29.4 cm . Thus these stumps constitute a good natural graft for future vascular reconstructions . This study supports the call for the stage-oriented surgical treatment of stem varicosis .	[ "The", "stage", "-", "oriented", "treatment", "of", "stem", "varicosis", "is", "the", "operation", "method", "of", "choice", ".", "Nowadays", ",", "partial", "stem", "varicosis", ",", "which", "is", "an", "earlier", "stage", "of", "the", "disease", ",", "leads", "to", "operative", "treatment", "more", "frequently", "than", "10", "years", "ago", ";", "thus", "a", "sufficient", "vein", "stump", "remains", "after", "surgical", "treatment", ".", "After", "surgery", "on", "a", "group", "of", "1000", "patients", ",", "we", "examined", "the", "stumps", "for", "patency", ",", "the", "occurrence", "of", "varicose", "changes", ",", "for", "their", "availability", "in", "the", "long", "term", ",", "and", "the", "sufficiency", "of", "their", "length", "for", "aortocoronary", "or", "peripheral", "bypass", "surgery", ".", "The", "treatment", "of", "insufficient", "perforant", "veins", "was", "also", "included", "in", "the", "surgical", "therapy", ",", "as", "well", "as", "postoperative", "sclerotherapy", "of", "remaining", "lateral", "veins", ".", "With", "a", "follow", "-", "up", "period", "of", "up", "to", "33", "months", "postoperatively", ",", "the", "results", "show", "a", "high", "patency", "rate", "in", "the", "remaining", "stumps", "(", "97", "%", ")", ",", "as", "well", "as", "a", "high", "sufficiency", "rate", "(", "94", "%", ")", ",", "with", "a", "mean", "graft", "length", "of", "29.4", "cm", ".", "Thus", "these", "stumps", "constitute", "a", "good", "natural", "graft", "for", "future", "vascular", "reconstructions", ".", "This", "study", "supports", "the", "call", "for", "the", "stage", "-", "oriented", "surgical", "treatment", "of", "stem", "varicosis", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
treatment, stem, operation, method, choice, stem, stage, disease, treatment, vein, stump, surgical treatment, surgery, patients, stumps, occurrence, surgery, treatment, veins, surgical, therapy, postoperative, sclerotherapy, veins, period, stumps, graft, stumps, graft, future, surgical treatment, stem	Gefaesschirurgie.80030226.eng.abstr_task2	Sentence: The stage-oriented treatment of stem varicosis is the operation method of choice . Nowadays , partial stem varicosis , which is an earlier stage of the disease , leads to operative treatment more frequently than 10 years ago ; thus a sufficient vein stump remains after surgical treatment . After surgery on a group of 1000 patients , we examined the stumps for patency , the occurrence of varicose changes , for their availability in the long term , and the sufficiency of their length for aortocoronary or peripheral bypass surgery . The treatment of insufficient perforant veins was also included in the surgical therapy , as well as postoperative sclerotherapy of remaining lateral veins . With a follow-up period of up to 33 months postoperatively , the results show a high patency rate in the remaining stumps ( 97% ) , as well as a high sufficiency rate ( 94% ) , with a mean graft length of 29.4 cm . Thus these stumps constitute a good natural graft for future vascular reconstructions . This study supports the call for the stage-oriented surgical treatment of stem varicosis . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O" ]	The stage-oriented treatment of stem varicosis is the operation method of choice . Nowadays , partial stem varicosis , which is an earlier stage of the disease , leads to operative treatment more frequently than 10 years ago ; thus a sufficient vein stump remains after surgical treatment . After surgery on a group of 1000 patients , we examined the stumps for patency , the occurrence of varicose changes , for their availability in the long term , and the sufficiency of their length for aortocoronary or peripheral bypass surgery . The treatment of insufficient perforant veins was also included in the surgical therapy , as well as postoperative sclerotherapy of remaining lateral veins . With a follow-up period of up to 33 months postoperatively , the results show a high patency rate in the remaining stumps ( 97% ) , as well as a high sufficiency rate ( 94% ) , with a mean graft length of 29.4 cm . Thus these stumps constitute a good natural graft for future vascular reconstructions . This study supports the call for the stage-oriented surgical treatment of stem varicosis .	[ "The", "stage", "-", "oriented", "treatment", "of", "stem", "varicosis", "is", "the", "operation", "method", "of", "choice", ".", "Nowadays", ",", "partial", "stem", "varicosis", ",", "which", "is", "an", "earlier", "stage", "of", "the", "disease", ",", "leads", "to", "operative", "treatment", "more", "frequently", "than", "10", "years", "ago", ";", "thus", "a", "sufficient", "vein", "stump", "remains", "after", "surgical", "treatment", ".", "After", "surgery", "on", "a", "group", "of", "1000", "patients", ",", "we", "examined", "the", "stumps", "for", "patency", ",", "the", "occurrence", "of", "varicose", "changes", ",", "for", "their", "availability", "in", "the", "long", "term", ",", "and", "the", "sufficiency", "of", "their", "length", "for", "aortocoronary", "or", "peripheral", "bypass", "surgery", ".", "The", "treatment", "of", "insufficient", "perforant", "veins", "was", "also", "included", "in", "the", "surgical", "therapy", ",", "as", "well", "as", "postoperative", "sclerotherapy", "of", "remaining", "lateral", "veins", ".", "With", "a", "follow", "-", "up", "period", "of", "up", "to", "33", "months", "postoperatively", ",", "the", "results", "show", "a", "high", "patency", "rate", "in", "the", "remaining", "stumps", "(", "97", "%", ")", ",", "as", "well", "as", "a", "high", "sufficiency", "rate", "(", "94", "%", ")", ",", "with", "a", "mean", "graft", "length", "of", "29.4", "cm", ".", "Thus", "these", "stumps", "constitute", "a", "good", "natural", "graft", "for", "future", "vascular", "reconstructions", ".", "This", "study", "supports", "the", "call", "for", "the", "stage", "-", "oriented", "surgical", "treatment", "of", "stem", "varicosis", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
DBT is a Intervention_Educational, dialectical behaviour therapy is a Intervention_Educational, women with borderline personality disorder . is a Participant_Condition, DSH is a Outcome_Mental, women meeting criteria for borderline personality disorder ( BPD ) . is a Participant_Condition, Dialectical behaviour therapy ( DBT ) is a Intervention_Educational, treatment as usual plus waiting list for DBT ( TAU+WL ) is a Intervention_Control, general hospital admission for DSH is a Outcome_Other, psychiatric admission is a Outcome_Other, disability and quality of life measures is a Outcome_Other, DSH and hospitalizations is a Outcome_Physical, DSH , hospital admissions or length of stay is a Outcome_Other, Disability ( days spent in bed ) is a Outcome_Physical, quality of life ( Physical , Psychological and Environmental domains ) is a Outcome_Other, disability and quality of life scores is a Outcome_Other, DBT . is a Intervention_Educational	44208_task0	Sentence: Hunter DBT project : randomized controlled trial of dialectical behaviour therapy in women with borderline personality disorder . OBJECTIVE Deliberate self-harm ( DSH ) , general hospital admission and psychiatric hospital admission are common in women meeting criteria for borderline personality disorder ( BPD ) . Dialectical behaviour therapy ( DBT ) has been reported to be effective in reducing DSH and hospitalization . METHOD A randomized controlled trial of 73 female subjects meeting criteria for BPD was carried out with intention-to-treat analyses and per-protocol analyses . The intervention was DBT and the control condition was treatment as usual plus waiting list for DBT ( TAU+WL ) , with outcomes measured after 6 months . Primary outcomes were differences in proportions and event rates of : any DSH ; general hospital admission for DSH and any psychiatric admission ; and mean difference in length of stay for any hospitalization . Secondary outcomes were disability and quality of life measures . RESULTS Both groups showed a reduction in DSH and hospitalizations , but there were no significant differences in DSH , hospital admissions or length of stay in hospital between groups . Disability ( days spent in bed ) and quality of life ( Physical , Psychological and Environmental domains ) were significantly improved for the DBT group . CONCLUSION DBT produced non-significant reductions in DSH and hospitalization when compared to the TAU+WL control , due in part to the lower than expected rates of hospitalization in the control condition . Nevertheless , DBT showed significant benefits for the secondary outcomes of improved disability and quality of life scores , a clinically useful result that is also in keeping with the theoretical constructs of the benefits of DBT . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Control, Participant_Condition, Intervention_Educational, Outcome_Physical, Outcome_Other, Outcome_Mental	[ "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational" ]	Hunter DBT project : randomized controlled trial of dialectical behaviour therapy in women with borderline personality disorder . OBJECTIVE Deliberate self-harm ( DSH ) , general hospital admission and psychiatric hospital admission are common in women meeting criteria for borderline personality disorder ( BPD ) . Dialectical behaviour therapy ( DBT ) has been reported to be effective in reducing DSH and hospitalization . METHOD A randomized controlled trial of 73 female subjects meeting criteria for BPD was carried out with intention-to-treat analyses and per-protocol analyses . The intervention was DBT and the control condition was treatment as usual plus waiting list for DBT ( TAU+WL ) , with outcomes measured after 6 months . Primary outcomes were differences in proportions and event rates of : any DSH ; general hospital admission for DSH and any psychiatric admission ; and mean difference in length of stay for any hospitalization . Secondary outcomes were disability and quality of life measures . RESULTS Both groups showed a reduction in DSH and hospitalizations , but there were no significant differences in DSH , hospital admissions or length of stay in hospital between groups . Disability ( days spent in bed ) and quality of life ( Physical , Psychological and Environmental domains ) were significantly improved for the DBT group . CONCLUSION DBT produced non-significant reductions in DSH and hospitalization when compared to the TAU+WL control , due in part to the lower than expected rates of hospitalization in the control condition . Nevertheless , DBT showed significant benefits for the secondary outcomes of improved disability and quality of life scores , a clinically useful result that is also in keeping with the theoretical constructs of the benefits of DBT .	[ "Hunter", "DBT", "project", ":", "randomized", "controlled", "trial", "of", "dialectical", "behaviour", "therapy", "in", "women", "with", "borderline", "personality", "disorder", ".", "OBJECTIVE", "Deliberate", "self", "-", "harm", "(", "DSH", ")", ",", "general", "hospital", "admission", "and", "psychiatric", "hospital", "admission", "are", "common", "in", "women", "meeting", "criteria", "for", "borderline", "personality", "disorder", "(", "BPD", ")", ".", "Dialectical", "behaviour", "therapy", "(", "DBT", ")", "has", "been", "reported", "to", "be", "effective", "in", "reducing", "DSH", "and", "hospitalization", ".", "METHOD", "A", "randomized", "controlled", "trial", "of", "73", "female", "subjects", "meeting", "criteria", "for", "BPD", "was", "carried", "out", "with", "intention", "-", "to", "-", "treat", "analyses", "and", "per", "-", "protocol", "analyses", ".", "The", "intervention", "was", "DBT", "and", "the", "control", "condition", "was", "treatment", "as", "usual", "plus", "waiting", "list", "for", "DBT", "(", "TAU+WL", ")", ",", "with", "outcomes", "measured", "after", "6", "months", ".", "Primary", "outcomes", "were", "differences", "in", "proportions", "and", "event", "rates", "of", ":", "any", "DSH", ";", "general", "hospital", "admission", "for", "DSH", "and", "any", "psychiatric", "admission", ";", "and", "mean", "difference", "in", "length", "of", "stay", "for", "any", "hospitalization", ".", "Secondary", "outcomes", "were", "disability", "and", "quality", "of", "life", "measures", ".", "RESULTS", "Both", "groups", "showed", "a", "reduction", "in", "DSH", "and", "hospitalizations", ",", "but", "there", "were", "no", "significant", "differences", "in", "DSH", ",", "hospital", "admissions", "or", "length", "of", "stay", "in", "hospital", "between", "groups", ".", "Disability", "(", "days", "spent", "in", "bed", ")", "and", "quality", "of", "life", "(", "Physical", ",", "Psychological", "and", "Environmental", "domains", ")", "were", "significantly", "improved", "for", "the", "DBT", "group", ".", "CONCLUSION", "DBT", "produced", "non", "-", "significant", "reductions", "in", "DSH", "and", "hospitalization", "when", "compared", "to", "the", "TAU+WL", "control", ",", "due", "in", "part", "to", "the", "lower", "than", "expected", "rates", "of", "hospitalization", "in", "the", "control", "condition", ".", "Nevertheless", ",", "DBT", "showed", "significant", "benefits", "for", "the", "secondary", "outcomes", "of", "improved", "disability", "and", "quality", "of", "life", "scores", ",", "a", "clinically", "useful", "result", "that", "is", "also", "in", "keeping", "with", "the", "theoretical", "constructs", "of", "the", "benefits", "of", "DBT", "." ]	[ "Outcome_Other", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Control", "Intervention_Educational", "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Mental" ]
DBT is a Intervention_Educational, dialectical behaviour therapy is a Intervention_Educational, women with borderline personality disorder . is a Participant_Condition, DSH is a Outcome_Mental, women meeting criteria for borderline personality disorder ( BPD ) . is a Participant_Condition, Dialectical behaviour therapy ( DBT ) is a Intervention_Educational, treatment as usual plus waiting list for DBT ( TAU+WL ) is a Intervention_Control, general hospital admission for DSH is a Outcome_Other, psychiatric admission is a Outcome_Other, disability and quality of life measures is a Outcome_Other, DSH and hospitalizations is a Outcome_Physical, DSH , hospital admissions or length of stay is a Outcome_Other, Disability ( days spent in bed ) is a Outcome_Physical, quality of life ( Physical , Psychological and Environmental domains ) is a Outcome_Other, disability and quality of life scores is a Outcome_Other, DBT . is a Intervention_Educational	44208_task1	Sentence: Hunter DBT project : randomized controlled trial of dialectical behaviour therapy in women with borderline personality disorder . OBJECTIVE Deliberate self-harm ( DSH ) , general hospital admission and psychiatric hospital admission are common in women meeting criteria for borderline personality disorder ( BPD ) . Dialectical behaviour therapy ( DBT ) has been reported to be effective in reducing DSH and hospitalization . METHOD A randomized controlled trial of 73 female subjects meeting criteria for BPD was carried out with intention-to-treat analyses and per-protocol analyses . The intervention was DBT and the control condition was treatment as usual plus waiting list for DBT ( TAU+WL ) , with outcomes measured after 6 months . Primary outcomes were differences in proportions and event rates of : any DSH ; general hospital admission for DSH and any psychiatric admission ; and mean difference in length of stay for any hospitalization . Secondary outcomes were disability and quality of life measures . RESULTS Both groups showed a reduction in DSH and hospitalizations , but there were no significant differences in DSH , hospital admissions or length of stay in hospital between groups . Disability ( days spent in bed ) and quality of life ( Physical , Psychological and Environmental domains ) were significantly improved for the DBT group . CONCLUSION DBT produced non-significant reductions in DSH and hospitalization when compared to the TAU+WL control , due in part to the lower than expected rates of hospitalization in the control condition . Nevertheless , DBT showed significant benefits for the secondary outcomes of improved disability and quality of life scores , a clinically useful result that is also in keeping with the theoretical constructs of the benefits of DBT . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: DBT, dialectical behaviour therapy, women with borderline personality disorder ., DSH, women meeting criteria for borderline personality disorder ( BPD ) ., Dialectical behaviour therapy ( DBT ), treatment as usual plus waiting list for DBT ( TAU+WL ), general hospital admission for DSH, psychiatric admission, disability and quality of life measures, DSH and hospitalizations, DSH , hospital admissions or length of stay, Disability ( days spent in bed ), quality of life ( Physical , Psychological and Environmental domains ), disability and quality of life scores, DBT . Options: Intervention_Control, Participant_Condition, Intervention_Educational, Outcome_Physical, Outcome_Other, Outcome_Mental	[ "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational" ]	Hunter DBT project : randomized controlled trial of dialectical behaviour therapy in women with borderline personality disorder . OBJECTIVE Deliberate self-harm ( DSH ) , general hospital admission and psychiatric hospital admission are common in women meeting criteria for borderline personality disorder ( BPD ) . Dialectical behaviour therapy ( DBT ) has been reported to be effective in reducing DSH and hospitalization . METHOD A randomized controlled trial of 73 female subjects meeting criteria for BPD was carried out with intention-to-treat analyses and per-protocol analyses . The intervention was DBT and the control condition was treatment as usual plus waiting list for DBT ( TAU+WL ) , with outcomes measured after 6 months . Primary outcomes were differences in proportions and event rates of : any DSH ; general hospital admission for DSH and any psychiatric admission ; and mean difference in length of stay for any hospitalization . Secondary outcomes were disability and quality of life measures . RESULTS Both groups showed a reduction in DSH and hospitalizations , but there were no significant differences in DSH , hospital admissions or length of stay in hospital between groups . Disability ( days spent in bed ) and quality of life ( Physical , Psychological and Environmental domains ) were significantly improved for the DBT group . CONCLUSION DBT produced non-significant reductions in DSH and hospitalization when compared to the TAU+WL control , due in part to the lower than expected rates of hospitalization in the control condition . Nevertheless , DBT showed significant benefits for the secondary outcomes of improved disability and quality of life scores , a clinically useful result that is also in keeping with the theoretical constructs of the benefits of DBT .	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DBT, dialectical behaviour therapy, women with borderline personality disorder ., DSH, women meeting criteria for borderline personality disorder ( BPD ) ., Dialectical behaviour therapy ( DBT ), treatment as usual plus waiting list for DBT ( TAU+WL ), general hospital admission for DSH, psychiatric admission, disability and quality of life measures, DSH and hospitalizations, DSH , hospital admissions or length of stay, Disability ( days spent in bed ), quality of life ( Physical , Psychological and Environmental domains ), disability and quality of life scores, DBT .	44208_task2	Sentence: Hunter DBT project : randomized controlled trial of dialectical behaviour therapy in women with borderline personality disorder . OBJECTIVE Deliberate self-harm ( DSH ) , general hospital admission and psychiatric hospital admission are common in women meeting criteria for borderline personality disorder ( BPD ) . Dialectical behaviour therapy ( DBT ) has been reported to be effective in reducing DSH and hospitalization . METHOD A randomized controlled trial of 73 female subjects meeting criteria for BPD was carried out with intention-to-treat analyses and per-protocol analyses . The intervention was DBT and the control condition was treatment as usual plus waiting list for DBT ( TAU+WL ) , with outcomes measured after 6 months . Primary outcomes were differences in proportions and event rates of : any DSH ; general hospital admission for DSH and any psychiatric admission ; and mean difference in length of stay for any hospitalization . Secondary outcomes were disability and quality of life measures . RESULTS Both groups showed a reduction in DSH and hospitalizations , but there were no significant differences in DSH , hospital admissions or length of stay in hospital between groups . Disability ( days spent in bed ) and quality of life ( Physical , Psychological and Environmental domains ) were significantly improved for the DBT group . CONCLUSION DBT produced non-significant reductions in DSH and hospitalization when compared to the TAU+WL control , due in part to the lower than expected rates of hospitalization in the control condition . Nevertheless , DBT showed significant benefits for the secondary outcomes of improved disability and quality of life scores , a clinically useful result that is also in keeping with the theoretical constructs of the benefits of DBT . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "I-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Educational", "I-Intervention_Educational" ]	Hunter DBT project : randomized controlled trial of dialectical behaviour therapy in women with borderline personality disorder . OBJECTIVE Deliberate self-harm ( DSH ) , general hospital admission and psychiatric hospital admission are common in women meeting criteria for borderline personality disorder ( BPD ) . Dialectical behaviour therapy ( DBT ) has been reported to be effective in reducing DSH and hospitalization . METHOD A randomized controlled trial of 73 female subjects meeting criteria for BPD was carried out with intention-to-treat analyses and per-protocol analyses . The intervention was DBT and the control condition was treatment as usual plus waiting list for DBT ( TAU+WL ) , with outcomes measured after 6 months . Primary outcomes were differences in proportions and event rates of : any DSH ; general hospital admission for DSH and any psychiatric admission ; and mean difference in length of stay for any hospitalization . Secondary outcomes were disability and quality of life measures . RESULTS Both groups showed a reduction in DSH and hospitalizations , but there were no significant differences in DSH , hospital admissions or length of stay in hospital between groups . Disability ( days spent in bed ) and quality of life ( Physical , Psychological and Environmental domains ) were significantly improved for the DBT group . CONCLUSION DBT produced non-significant reductions in DSH and hospitalization when compared to the TAU+WL control , due in part to the lower than expected rates of hospitalization in the control condition . Nevertheless , DBT showed significant benefits for the secondary outcomes of improved disability and quality of life scores , a clinically useful result that is also in keeping with the theoretical constructs of the benefits of DBT .	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secretin is a Intervention_Physical, Fifty - six is a Participant_Sample-size, 49 is a Participant_Sample-size, boys is a Participant_Condition, 7 is a Participant_Sample-size, girls is a Participant_Condition, mean age = 6.4 years , SD = 2.7 is a Participant_Age, Childhood Autism Rating Scales ( CARS ) is a Outcome_Mental, Thirty - four is a Participant_Sample-size, Pervasive Developmental Disorder is a Participant_Condition, 22 is a Participant_Sample-size, Autistic Disorder is a Participant_Condition, Forty - five is a Participant_Sample-size, drug treatments is a Participant_Condition, changes in GI symptoms is a Outcome_Physical, expressive and / or receptive language function , and improved awareness and social interactions is a Outcome_Mental, adverse effects is a Outcome_Adverse-effects, placebo is a Intervention_Control, transient changes in speech and behavior is a Outcome_Mental	3653_task0	Sentence: Secretin and autism : a two-part clinical investigation . Recent anecdotal reports have touted the gastrointestinal ( GI ) hormone secretin as a treatment modality for autism , though there is little clinical evidence or literature to support its viability . We undertook a two-part clinical trial to investigate these claims . Fifty-six patients ( 49 boys , 7 girls , mean age = 6.4 years , SD = 2.7 ) enrolled in an open-label trial of secretin , during which they received one injection of the hormone ( 2 IU/kg ) . All subjects were evaluated by their parents at baseline and follow-up visits ( 3-6 weeks later , M = 3.7 , SD = 1.4 weeks ) with Childhood Autism Rating Scales ( CARS ) . Thirty-four patients were labeled with Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified , and 22 met diagnostic criteria for Autistic Disorder . Forty-five patients were concurrently on other drug treatments . At follow-up , some reported minimal but potentially significant improvements including changes in GI symptoms , expressive and/or receptive language function , and improved awareness and social interactions . No adverse effects were reported or observed . Subsequently , 17 of the most responsive patients from Study 1 began a double-blind trial that also included 8 newly enrolled patients . Patients in this second study were alternatively entered into one of two groups and received injections of secretin or placebo with crossover at 4 weeks . Patients from Study 1 entered into Study 2 at an average of 6.5 ( SD = 0.8 ) weeks after beginning Study 1 . Results of both inquiries indicate that although treatment with secretin was reported to cause transient changes in speech and behavior in some children , overall it produced few clinically meaningful changes when compared to children given placebo injections . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Outcome_Adverse-effects, Intervention_Physical, Participant_Condition, Intervention_Control, Participant_Age, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size, Outcome_Mental	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "B-Participant_Condition", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "B-Participant_Condition", "O", "B-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Secretin and autism : a two-part clinical investigation . Recent anecdotal reports have touted the gastrointestinal ( GI ) hormone secretin as a treatment modality for autism , though there is little clinical evidence or literature to support its viability . We undertook a two-part clinical trial to investigate these claims . Fifty-six patients ( 49 boys , 7 girls , mean age = 6.4 years , SD = 2.7 ) enrolled in an open-label trial of secretin , during which they received one injection of the hormone ( 2 IU/kg ) . All subjects were evaluated by their parents at baseline and follow-up visits ( 3-6 weeks later , M = 3.7 , SD = 1.4 weeks ) with Childhood Autism Rating Scales ( CARS ) . Thirty-four patients were labeled with Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified , and 22 met diagnostic criteria for Autistic Disorder . Forty-five patients were concurrently on other drug treatments . At follow-up , some reported minimal but potentially significant improvements including changes in GI symptoms , expressive and/or receptive language function , and improved awareness and social interactions . No adverse effects were reported or observed . Subsequently , 17 of the most responsive patients from Study 1 began a double-blind trial that also included 8 newly enrolled patients . Patients in this second study were alternatively entered into one of two groups and received injections of secretin or placebo with crossover at 4 weeks . Patients from Study 1 entered into Study 2 at an average of 6.5 ( SD = 0.8 ) weeks after beginning Study 1 . Results of both inquiries indicate that although treatment with secretin was reported to cause transient changes in speech and behavior in some children , overall it produced few clinically meaningful changes when compared to children given placebo injections .	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secretin is a Intervention_Physical, Fifty - six is a Participant_Sample-size, 49 is a Participant_Sample-size, boys is a Participant_Condition, 7 is a Participant_Sample-size, girls is a Participant_Condition, mean age = 6.4 years , SD = 2.7 is a Participant_Age, Childhood Autism Rating Scales ( CARS ) is a Outcome_Mental, Thirty - four is a Participant_Sample-size, Pervasive Developmental Disorder is a Participant_Condition, 22 is a Participant_Sample-size, Autistic Disorder is a Participant_Condition, Forty - five is a Participant_Sample-size, drug treatments is a Participant_Condition, changes in GI symptoms is a Outcome_Physical, expressive and / or receptive language function , and improved awareness and social interactions is a Outcome_Mental, adverse effects is a Outcome_Adverse-effects, placebo is a Intervention_Control, transient changes in speech and behavior is a Outcome_Mental	3653_task1	Sentence: Secretin and autism : a two-part clinical investigation . Recent anecdotal reports have touted the gastrointestinal ( GI ) hormone secretin as a treatment modality for autism , though there is little clinical evidence or literature to support its viability . We undertook a two-part clinical trial to investigate these claims . Fifty-six patients ( 49 boys , 7 girls , mean age = 6.4 years , SD = 2.7 ) enrolled in an open-label trial of secretin , during which they received one injection of the hormone ( 2 IU/kg ) . All subjects were evaluated by their parents at baseline and follow-up visits ( 3-6 weeks later , M = 3.7 , SD = 1.4 weeks ) with Childhood Autism Rating Scales ( CARS ) . Thirty-four patients were labeled with Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified , and 22 met diagnostic criteria for Autistic Disorder . Forty-five patients were concurrently on other drug treatments . At follow-up , some reported minimal but potentially significant improvements including changes in GI symptoms , expressive and/or receptive language function , and improved awareness and social interactions . No adverse effects were reported or observed . Subsequently , 17 of the most responsive patients from Study 1 began a double-blind trial that also included 8 newly enrolled patients . Patients in this second study were alternatively entered into one of two groups and received injections of secretin or placebo with crossover at 4 weeks . Patients from Study 1 entered into Study 2 at an average of 6.5 ( SD = 0.8 ) weeks after beginning Study 1 . Results of both inquiries indicate that although treatment with secretin was reported to cause transient changes in speech and behavior in some children , overall it produced few clinically meaningful changes when compared to children given placebo injections . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: secretin, Fifty - six, 49, boys, 7, girls, mean age = 6.4 years , SD = 2.7, Childhood Autism Rating Scales ( CARS ), Thirty - four, Pervasive Developmental Disorder, 22, Autistic Disorder, Forty - five, drug treatments, changes in GI symptoms, expressive and / or receptive language function , and improved awareness and social interactions, adverse effects, placebo, transient changes in speech and behavior Options: Outcome_Adverse-effects, Intervention_Physical, Participant_Condition, Intervention_Control, Participant_Age, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size, Outcome_Mental	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "B-Participant_Condition", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "B-Participant_Condition", "O", "B-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Secretin and autism : a two-part clinical investigation . Recent anecdotal reports have touted the gastrointestinal ( GI ) hormone secretin as a treatment modality for autism , though there is little clinical evidence or literature to support its viability . We undertook a two-part clinical trial to investigate these claims . Fifty-six patients ( 49 boys , 7 girls , mean age = 6.4 years , SD = 2.7 ) enrolled in an open-label trial of secretin , during which they received one injection of the hormone ( 2 IU/kg ) . All subjects were evaluated by their parents at baseline and follow-up visits ( 3-6 weeks later , M = 3.7 , SD = 1.4 weeks ) with Childhood Autism Rating Scales ( CARS ) . Thirty-four patients were labeled with Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified , and 22 met diagnostic criteria for Autistic Disorder . Forty-five patients were concurrently on other drug treatments . At follow-up , some reported minimal but potentially significant improvements including changes in GI symptoms , expressive and/or receptive language function , and improved awareness and social interactions . No adverse effects were reported or observed . Subsequently , 17 of the most responsive patients from Study 1 began a double-blind trial that also included 8 newly enrolled patients . Patients in this second study were alternatively entered into one of two groups and received injections of secretin or placebo with crossover at 4 weeks . Patients from Study 1 entered into Study 2 at an average of 6.5 ( SD = 0.8 ) weeks after beginning Study 1 . Results of both inquiries indicate that although treatment with secretin was reported to cause transient changes in speech and behavior in some children , overall it produced few clinically meaningful changes when compared to children given placebo injections .	[ "Secretin", "and", "autism", ":", "a", "two", "-", "part", "clinical", "investigation", ".", "Recent", "anecdotal", "reports", "have", "touted", "the", "gastrointestinal", "(", "GI", ")", "hormone", "secretin", "as", "a", "treatment", "modality", "for", "autism", ",", "though", "there", "is", "little", "clinical", "evidence", "or", "literature", "to", "support", "its", "viability", ".", "We", "undertook", "a", "two", "-", "part", "clinical", "trial", "to", "investigate", "these", "claims", ".", "Fifty", "-", "six", "patients", "(", "49", "boys", ",", "7", "girls", ",", "mean", "age", "=", "6.4", "years", ",", "SD", "=", "2.7", ")", "enrolled", "in", "an", "open", "-", "label", "trial", "of", "secretin", ",", "during", "which", "they", "received", "one", "injection", "of", "the", "hormone", "(", "2", "IU", "/", "kg", ")", ".", "All", "subjects", "were", "evaluated", "by", "their", "parents", "at", "baseline", "and", "follow", "-", "up", "visits", "(", "3", "-", "6", "weeks", "later", ",", "M", "=", "3.7", ",", "SD", "=", "1.4", "weeks", ")", "with", "Childhood", "Autism", "Rating", "Scales", "(", "CARS", ")", ".", "Thirty", "-", "four", "patients", "were", "labeled", "with", "Pervasive", "Developmental", "Disorder", "Not", "Otherwise", "Specified", ",", "and", "22", "met", "diagnostic", "criteria", "for", "Autistic", "Disorder", ".", "Forty", "-", "five", "patients", "were", "concurrently", "on", "other", "drug", "treatments", ".", "At", "follow", "-", "up", ",", "some", "reported", "minimal", "but", "potentially", "significant", "improvements", "including", "changes", "in", "GI", "symptoms", ",", "expressive", "and", "/", "or", "receptive", "language", "function", ",", "and", "improved", "awareness", "and", "social", "interactions", ".", "No", "adverse", "effects", "were", "reported", "or", "observed", ".", "Subsequently", ",", "17", "of", "the", "most", "responsive", "patients", "from", "Study", "1", "began", "a", "double", "-", "blind", "trial", "that", "also", "included", "8", "newly", "enrolled", "patients", ".", "Patients", "in", "this", "second", "study", "were", "alternatively", "entered", "into", "one", "of", "two", "groups", "and", "received", "injections", "of", "secretin", "or", "placebo", "with", "crossover", "at", "4", "weeks", ".", "Patients", "from", "Study", "1", "entered", "into", "Study", "2", "at", "an", "average", "of", "6.5", "(", "SD", "=", "0.8", ")", "weeks", "after", "beginning", "Study", "1", ".", "Results", "of", "both", "inquiries", "indicate", "that", "although", "treatment", "with", "secretin", "was", "reported", "to", "cause", "transient", "changes", "in", "speech", "and", "behavior", "in", "some", "children", ",", "overall", "it", "produced", "few", "clinically", "meaningful", "changes", "when", "compared", "to", "children", "given", "placebo", "injections", "." ]	[ "Outcome_Mental", "Participant_Condition", "Participant_Age", "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "Participant_Sample-size", "Intervention_Physical", "Intervention_Control" ]
secretin, Fifty - six, 49, boys, 7, girls, mean age = 6.4 years , SD = 2.7, Childhood Autism Rating Scales ( CARS ), Thirty - four, Pervasive Developmental Disorder, 22, Autistic Disorder, Forty - five, drug treatments, changes in GI symptoms, expressive and / or receptive language function , and improved awareness and social interactions, adverse effects, placebo, transient changes in speech and behavior	3653_task2	Sentence: Secretin and autism : a two-part clinical investigation . Recent anecdotal reports have touted the gastrointestinal ( GI ) hormone secretin as a treatment modality for autism , though there is little clinical evidence or literature to support its viability . We undertook a two-part clinical trial to investigate these claims . Fifty-six patients ( 49 boys , 7 girls , mean age = 6.4 years , SD = 2.7 ) enrolled in an open-label trial of secretin , during which they received one injection of the hormone ( 2 IU/kg ) . All subjects were evaluated by their parents at baseline and follow-up visits ( 3-6 weeks later , M = 3.7 , SD = 1.4 weeks ) with Childhood Autism Rating Scales ( CARS ) . Thirty-four patients were labeled with Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified , and 22 met diagnostic criteria for Autistic Disorder . Forty-five patients were concurrently on other drug treatments . At follow-up , some reported minimal but potentially significant improvements including changes in GI symptoms , expressive and/or receptive language function , and improved awareness and social interactions . No adverse effects were reported or observed . Subsequently , 17 of the most responsive patients from Study 1 began a double-blind trial that also included 8 newly enrolled patients . Patients in this second study were alternatively entered into one of two groups and received injections of secretin or placebo with crossover at 4 weeks . Patients from Study 1 entered into Study 2 at an average of 6.5 ( SD = 0.8 ) weeks after beginning Study 1 . Results of both inquiries indicate that although treatment with secretin was reported to cause transient changes in speech and behavior in some children , overall it produced few clinically meaningful changes when compared to children given placebo injections . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "B-Participant_Condition", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "B-Participant_Condition", "O", "B-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "I-Participant_Age", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "I-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Control", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "I-Outcome_Mental", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Secretin and autism : a two-part clinical investigation . Recent anecdotal reports have touted the gastrointestinal ( GI ) hormone secretin as a treatment modality for autism , though there is little clinical evidence or literature to support its viability . We undertook a two-part clinical trial to investigate these claims . Fifty-six patients ( 49 boys , 7 girls , mean age = 6.4 years , SD = 2.7 ) enrolled in an open-label trial of secretin , during which they received one injection of the hormone ( 2 IU/kg ) . All subjects were evaluated by their parents at baseline and follow-up visits ( 3-6 weeks later , M = 3.7 , SD = 1.4 weeks ) with Childhood Autism Rating Scales ( CARS ) . Thirty-four patients were labeled with Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified , and 22 met diagnostic criteria for Autistic Disorder . Forty-five patients were concurrently on other drug treatments . At follow-up , some reported minimal but potentially significant improvements including changes in GI symptoms , expressive and/or receptive language function , and improved awareness and social interactions . No adverse effects were reported or observed . Subsequently , 17 of the most responsive patients from Study 1 began a double-blind trial that also included 8 newly enrolled patients . Patients in this second study were alternatively entered into one of two groups and received injections of secretin or placebo with crossover at 4 weeks . Patients from Study 1 entered into Study 2 at an average of 6.5 ( SD = 0.8 ) weeks after beginning Study 1 . Results of both inquiries indicate that although treatment with secretin was reported to cause transient changes in speech and behavior in some children , overall it produced few clinically meaningful changes when compared to children given placebo injections .	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granulocyte - macrophage colony stimulating factor is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, Tax is a Protein, E2 is a Protein, E2 is a Protein, Tax is a Protein, Sp1 is a Protein	1492121_task0	Sentence: Activation of lymphokine genes in T cells: role of cis-acting DNA elements that respond to T cell activation signals. Activation of T cells is initiated by the recognition of antigen on antigen presenting cells to exert the effector functions in immune and inflammatory responses. Two types of helper T cell (Th) clones (Th1 and Th2) are defined on the basis of different patterns of cytokine (lymphokine) secretion. They determine the outcome of an antigenic response toward humoral or cell-mediated immunity. Although lymphokine genes are coordinately regulated upon antigen stimulation, they are regulated by the mechanisms common to all as well as those which are unique to each gene. For most lymphokine genes, a combination of phorbol esters (phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate, PMA) and calcium ionophores (A23187) is required for their maximal induction. Yet phorbol ester alone or calcium ionophore alone produce several lymphokines. The production of the granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is completely dependent on the two signals. We have previously found a cis-acting region spanning the GM-CSF promoter region (positions -95 to +27) that confers inducibility to reporter genes in transient transfection assays. Further analysis identified three elements required for efficient induction, referred to as GM2, GC-box and conserved lymphokine element (CLE0). GM2 defines a binding site for protein(s) whose binding is inducible by PMA. One protein, NF-GM2 is similar to the transcription factor NF-kB. GC-box is a binding site for constitutively bound proteins. CLEO defines a binding site for protein(s) whose optimum binding is stimulated by PMA and A23187. Viral trans-activators such as Tax (human T cell leukemia virus-1, HTLV-1) and E2 (bovine papilloma virus, BPV) proteins are other agents which activate lymphokine gene expression by bypassing T cell receptor (TCR) mediated signaling. The trans-activation domain of E2 and Tax is interchangeable although they have no obvious sequence homology between them. The viral trans-activators appear to target specific DNA binding protein such as NF-kB and Sp1 to cis-acting DNA site and promote lymphokine gene expression without TCR-mediated stimulation. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Activation of lymphokine genes in T cells: role of cis-acting DNA elements that respond to T cell activation signals. Activation of T cells is initiated by the recognition of antigen on antigen presenting cells to exert the effector functions in immune and inflammatory responses. Two types of helper T cell (Th) clones (Th1 and Th2) are defined on the basis of different patterns of cytokine (lymphokine) secretion. They determine the outcome of an antigenic response toward humoral or cell-mediated immunity. Although lymphokine genes are coordinately regulated upon antigen stimulation, they are regulated by the mechanisms common to all as well as those which are unique to each gene. For most lymphokine genes, a combination of phorbol esters (phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate, PMA) and calcium ionophores (A23187) is required for their maximal induction. Yet phorbol ester alone or calcium ionophore alone produce several lymphokines. The production of the granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is completely dependent on the two signals. We have previously found a cis-acting region spanning the GM-CSF promoter region (positions -95 to +27) that confers inducibility to reporter genes in transient transfection assays. Further analysis identified three elements required for efficient induction, referred to as GM2, GC-box and conserved lymphokine element (CLE0). GM2 defines a binding site for protein(s) whose binding is inducible by PMA. One protein, NF-GM2 is similar to the transcription factor NF-kB. GC-box is a binding site for constitutively bound proteins. CLEO defines a binding site for protein(s) whose optimum binding is stimulated by PMA and A23187. Viral trans-activators such as Tax (human T cell leukemia virus-1, HTLV-1) and E2 (bovine papilloma virus, BPV) proteins are other agents which activate lymphokine gene expression by bypassing T cell receptor (TCR) mediated signaling. The trans-activation domain of E2 and Tax is interchangeable although they have no obvious sequence homology between them. The viral trans-activators appear to target specific DNA binding protein such as NF-kB and Sp1 to cis-acting DNA site and promote lymphokine gene expression without TCR-mediated stimulation.	[ "Activation", "of", "lymphokine", "genes", "in", "T", "cells", ":", "role", "of", "cis", "-", "acting", "DNA", "elements", "that", "respond", "to", "T", "cell", "activation", "signals", ".", "\n", "Activation", "of", "T", "cells", "is", "initiated", "by", "the", "recognition", "of", "antigen", "on", "antigen", "presenting", "cells", "to", "exert", "the", "effector", "functions", "in", "immune", "and", "inflammatory", "responses", ".", "Two", "types", "of", "helper", "T", "cell", "(", "Th", ")", "clones", "(", "Th1", "and", "Th2", ")", "are", "defined", "on", "the", "basis", "of", "different", "patterns", "of", "cytokine", "(", "lymphokine", ")", "secretion", ".", "They", "determine", "the", "outcome", "of", "an", "antigenic", "response", "toward", "humoral", "or", "cell", "-", "mediated", "immunity", ".", "Although", "lymphokine", "genes", "are", "coordinately", "regulated", "upon", "antigen", "stimulation", ",", "they", "are", "regulated", "by", "the", "mechanisms", "common", "to", "all", "as", "well", "as", "those", "which", "are", "unique", "to", "each", "gene", ".", "For", "most", "lymphokine", "genes", ",", "a", "combination", "of", "phorbol", "esters", "(", "phorbol", "12-myristate", "13", "acetate", ",", "PMA", ")", "and", "calcium", "ionophores", "(", "A23187", ")", "is", "required", "for", "their", "maximal", "induction", ".", "Yet", "phorbol", "ester", "alone", "or", "calcium", "ionophore", "alone", "produce", "several", "lymphokines", ".", "The", "production", "of", "the", "granulocyte", "-", "macrophage", "colony", "stimulating", "factor", "(", "GM", "-", "CSF", ")", "is", "completely", "dependent", "on", "the", "two", "signals", ".", "We", "have", "previously", "found", "a", "cis", "-", "acting", "region", "spanning", "the", "GM", "-", "CSF", "promoter", "region", "(", "positions", "-95", "to", "+27", ")", "that", "confers", "inducibility", "to", "reporter", "genes", "in", "transient", "transfection", "assays", ".", "Further", "analysis", "identified", "three", "elements", "required", "for", "efficient", "induction", ",", "referred", "to", "as", "GM2", ",", "GC", "-", "box", "and", "conserved", "lymphokine", "element", "(", "CLE0", ")", ".", "GM2", "defines", "a", "binding", "site", "for", "protein(s", ")", "whose", "binding", "is", "inducible", "by", "PMA", ".", "One", "protein", ",", "NF", "-", "GM2", "is", "similar", "to", "the", "transcription", "factor", "NF", "-", "kB.", "GC", "-", "box", "is", "a", "binding", "site", "for", "constitutively", "bound", "proteins", ".", "CLEO", "defines", "a", "binding", "site", "for", "protein(s", ")", "whose", "optimum", "binding", "is", "stimulated", "by", "PMA", "and", "A23187", ".", "Viral", "trans", "-", "activators", "such", "as", "Tax", "(", "human", "T", "cell", "leukemia", "virus-1", ",", "HTLV-1", ")", "and", "E2", "(", "bovine", "papilloma", "virus", ",", "BPV", ")", "proteins", "are", "other", "agents", "which", "activate", "lymphokine", "gene", "expression", "by", "bypassing", "T", "cell", "receptor", "(", "TCR", ")", "mediated", "signaling", ".", "The", "trans", "-", "activation", "domain", "of", "E2", "and", "Tax", "is", "interchangeable", "although", "they", "have", "no", "obvious", "sequence", "homology", "between", "them", ".", "The", "viral", "trans", "-", "activators", "appear", "to", "target", "specific", "DNA", "binding", "protein", "such", "as", "NF", "-", "kB", "and", "Sp1", "to", "cis", "-", "acting", "DNA", "site", "and", "promote", "lymphokine", "gene", "expression", "without", "TCR", "-", "mediated", "stimulation", "." ]	[ "Protein" ]
granulocyte - macrophage colony stimulating factor is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, Tax is a Protein, E2 is a Protein, E2 is a Protein, Tax is a Protein, Sp1 is a Protein	1492121_task1	Sentence: Activation of lymphokine genes in T cells: role of cis-acting DNA elements that respond to T cell activation signals. Activation of T cells is initiated by the recognition of antigen on antigen presenting cells to exert the effector functions in immune and inflammatory responses. Two types of helper T cell (Th) clones (Th1 and Th2) are defined on the basis of different patterns of cytokine (lymphokine) secretion. They determine the outcome of an antigenic response toward humoral or cell-mediated immunity. Although lymphokine genes are coordinately regulated upon antigen stimulation, they are regulated by the mechanisms common to all as well as those which are unique to each gene. For most lymphokine genes, a combination of phorbol esters (phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate, PMA) and calcium ionophores (A23187) is required for their maximal induction. Yet phorbol ester alone or calcium ionophore alone produce several lymphokines. The production of the granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is completely dependent on the two signals. We have previously found a cis-acting region spanning the GM-CSF promoter region (positions -95 to +27) that confers inducibility to reporter genes in transient transfection assays. Further analysis identified three elements required for efficient induction, referred to as GM2, GC-box and conserved lymphokine element (CLE0). GM2 defines a binding site for protein(s) whose binding is inducible by PMA. One protein, NF-GM2 is similar to the transcription factor NF-kB. GC-box is a binding site for constitutively bound proteins. CLEO defines a binding site for protein(s) whose optimum binding is stimulated by PMA and A23187. Viral trans-activators such as Tax (human T cell leukemia virus-1, HTLV-1) and E2 (bovine papilloma virus, BPV) proteins are other agents which activate lymphokine gene expression by bypassing T cell receptor (TCR) mediated signaling. The trans-activation domain of E2 and Tax is interchangeable although they have no obvious sequence homology between them. The viral trans-activators appear to target specific DNA binding protein such as NF-kB and Sp1 to cis-acting DNA site and promote lymphokine gene expression without TCR-mediated stimulation. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: granulocyte - macrophage colony stimulating factor, GM - CSF, GM - CSF, Tax, E2, E2, Tax, Sp1 Options: Protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Activation of lymphokine genes in T cells: role of cis-acting DNA elements that respond to T cell activation signals. Activation of T cells is initiated by the recognition of antigen on antigen presenting cells to exert the effector functions in immune and inflammatory responses. Two types of helper T cell (Th) clones (Th1 and Th2) are defined on the basis of different patterns of cytokine (lymphokine) secretion. They determine the outcome of an antigenic response toward humoral or cell-mediated immunity. Although lymphokine genes are coordinately regulated upon antigen stimulation, they are regulated by the mechanisms common to all as well as those which are unique to each gene. For most lymphokine genes, a combination of phorbol esters (phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate, PMA) and calcium ionophores (A23187) is required for their maximal induction. Yet phorbol ester alone or calcium ionophore alone produce several lymphokines. The production of the granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is completely dependent on the two signals. We have previously found a cis-acting region spanning the GM-CSF promoter region (positions -95 to +27) that confers inducibility to reporter genes in transient transfection assays. Further analysis identified three elements required for efficient induction, referred to as GM2, GC-box and conserved lymphokine element (CLE0). GM2 defines a binding site for protein(s) whose binding is inducible by PMA. One protein, NF-GM2 is similar to the transcription factor NF-kB. GC-box is a binding site for constitutively bound proteins. CLEO defines a binding site for protein(s) whose optimum binding is stimulated by PMA and A23187. Viral trans-activators such as Tax (human T cell leukemia virus-1, HTLV-1) and E2 (bovine papilloma virus, BPV) proteins are other agents which activate lymphokine gene expression by bypassing T cell receptor (TCR) mediated signaling. The trans-activation domain of E2 and Tax is interchangeable although they have no obvious sequence homology between them. The viral trans-activators appear to target specific DNA binding protein such as NF-kB and Sp1 to cis-acting DNA site and promote lymphokine gene expression without TCR-mediated stimulation.	[ "Activation", "of", "lymphokine", "genes", "in", "T", "cells", ":", "role", "of", "cis", "-", "acting", "DNA", "elements", "that", "respond", "to", "T", "cell", "activation", "signals", ".", "\n", "Activation", "of", "T", "cells", "is", "initiated", "by", "the", "recognition", "of", "antigen", "on", "antigen", "presenting", "cells", "to", "exert", "the", "effector", "functions", "in", "immune", "and", "inflammatory", "responses", ".", "Two", "types", "of", "helper", "T", "cell", "(", "Th", ")", "clones", "(", "Th1", "and", "Th2", ")", "are", "defined", "on", "the", "basis", "of", "different", "patterns", "of", "cytokine", "(", "lymphokine", ")", "secretion", ".", "They", "determine", "the", "outcome", "of", "an", "antigenic", "response", "toward", "humoral", "or", "cell", "-", "mediated", "immunity", ".", "Although", "lymphokine", "genes", "are", "coordinately", "regulated", "upon", "antigen", "stimulation", ",", "they", "are", "regulated", "by", "the", "mechanisms", "common", "to", "all", "as", "well", "as", "those", "which", "are", "unique", "to", "each", "gene", ".", "For", "most", "lymphokine", "genes", ",", "a", "combination", "of", "phorbol", "esters", "(", "phorbol", "12-myristate", "13", "acetate", ",", "PMA", ")", "and", "calcium", "ionophores", "(", "A23187", ")", "is", "required", "for", "their", "maximal", "induction", ".", "Yet", "phorbol", "ester", "alone", "or", "calcium", "ionophore", "alone", "produce", "several", "lymphokines", ".", "The", "production", "of", "the", "granulocyte", "-", "macrophage", "colony", "stimulating", "factor", "(", "GM", "-", "CSF", ")", "is", "completely", "dependent", "on", "the", "two", "signals", ".", "We", "have", "previously", "found", "a", "cis", "-", "acting", "region", "spanning", "the", "GM", "-", "CSF", "promoter", "region", "(", "positions", "-95", "to", "+27", ")", "that", "confers", "inducibility", "to", "reporter", "genes", "in", "transient", "transfection", "assays", ".", "Further", "analysis", "identified", "three", "elements", "required", "for", "efficient", "induction", ",", "referred", "to", "as", "GM2", ",", "GC", "-", "box", "and", "conserved", "lymphokine", "element", "(", "CLE0", ")", ".", "GM2", "defines", "a", "binding", "site", "for", "protein(s", ")", "whose", "binding", "is", "inducible", "by", "PMA", ".", "One", "protein", ",", "NF", "-", "GM2", "is", "similar", "to", "the", "transcription", "factor", "NF", "-", "kB.", "GC", "-", "box", "is", "a", "binding", "site", "for", "constitutively", "bound", "proteins", ".", "CLEO", "defines", "a", "binding", "site", "for", "protein(s", ")", "whose", "optimum", "binding", "is", "stimulated", "by", "PMA", "and", "A23187", ".", "Viral", "trans", "-", "activators", "such", "as", "Tax", "(", "human", "T", "cell", "leukemia", "virus-1", ",", "HTLV-1", ")", "and", "E2", "(", "bovine", "papilloma", "virus", ",", "BPV", ")", "proteins", "are", "other", "agents", "which", "activate", "lymphokine", "gene", "expression", "by", "bypassing", "T", "cell", "receptor", "(", "TCR", ")", "mediated", "signaling", ".", "The", "trans", "-", "activation", "domain", "of", "E2", "and", "Tax", "is", "interchangeable", "although", "they", "have", "no", "obvious", "sequence", "homology", "between", "them", ".", "The", "viral", "trans", "-", "activators", "appear", "to", "target", "specific", "DNA", "binding", "protein", "such", "as", "NF", "-", "kB", "and", "Sp1", "to", "cis", "-", "acting", "DNA", "site", "and", "promote", "lymphokine", "gene", "expression", "without", "TCR", "-", "mediated", "stimulation", "." ]	[ "Protein" ]
granulocyte - macrophage colony stimulating factor, GM - CSF, GM - CSF, Tax, E2, E2, Tax, Sp1	1492121_task2	Sentence: Activation of lymphokine genes in T cells: role of cis-acting DNA elements that respond to T cell activation signals. Activation of T cells is initiated by the recognition of antigen on antigen presenting cells to exert the effector functions in immune and inflammatory responses. Two types of helper T cell (Th) clones (Th1 and Th2) are defined on the basis of different patterns of cytokine (lymphokine) secretion. They determine the outcome of an antigenic response toward humoral or cell-mediated immunity. Although lymphokine genes are coordinately regulated upon antigen stimulation, they are regulated by the mechanisms common to all as well as those which are unique to each gene. For most lymphokine genes, a combination of phorbol esters (phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate, PMA) and calcium ionophores (A23187) is required for their maximal induction. Yet phorbol ester alone or calcium ionophore alone produce several lymphokines. The production of the granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is completely dependent on the two signals. We have previously found a cis-acting region spanning the GM-CSF promoter region (positions -95 to +27) that confers inducibility to reporter genes in transient transfection assays. Further analysis identified three elements required for efficient induction, referred to as GM2, GC-box and conserved lymphokine element (CLE0). GM2 defines a binding site for protein(s) whose binding is inducible by PMA. One protein, NF-GM2 is similar to the transcription factor NF-kB. GC-box is a binding site for constitutively bound proteins. CLEO defines a binding site for protein(s) whose optimum binding is stimulated by PMA and A23187. Viral trans-activators such as Tax (human T cell leukemia virus-1, HTLV-1) and E2 (bovine papilloma virus, BPV) proteins are other agents which activate lymphokine gene expression by bypassing T cell receptor (TCR) mediated signaling. The trans-activation domain of E2 and Tax is interchangeable although they have no obvious sequence homology between them. The viral trans-activators appear to target specific DNA binding protein such as NF-kB and Sp1 to cis-acting DNA site and promote lymphokine gene expression without TCR-mediated stimulation. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Activation of lymphokine genes in T cells: role of cis-acting DNA elements that respond to T cell activation signals. Activation of T cells is initiated by the recognition of antigen on antigen presenting cells to exert the effector functions in immune and inflammatory responses. Two types of helper T cell (Th) clones (Th1 and Th2) are defined on the basis of different patterns of cytokine (lymphokine) secretion. They determine the outcome of an antigenic response toward humoral or cell-mediated immunity. Although lymphokine genes are coordinately regulated upon antigen stimulation, they are regulated by the mechanisms common to all as well as those which are unique to each gene. For most lymphokine genes, a combination of phorbol esters (phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate, PMA) and calcium ionophores (A23187) is required for their maximal induction. Yet phorbol ester alone or calcium ionophore alone produce several lymphokines. The production of the granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is completely dependent on the two signals. We have previously found a cis-acting region spanning the GM-CSF promoter region (positions -95 to +27) that confers inducibility to reporter genes in transient transfection assays. Further analysis identified three elements required for efficient induction, referred to as GM2, GC-box and conserved lymphokine element (CLE0). GM2 defines a binding site for protein(s) whose binding is inducible by PMA. One protein, NF-GM2 is similar to the transcription factor NF-kB. GC-box is a binding site for constitutively bound proteins. CLEO defines a binding site for protein(s) whose optimum binding is stimulated by PMA and A23187. Viral trans-activators such as Tax (human T cell leukemia virus-1, HTLV-1) and E2 (bovine papilloma virus, BPV) proteins are other agents which activate lymphokine gene expression by bypassing T cell receptor (TCR) mediated signaling. The trans-activation domain of E2 and Tax is interchangeable although they have no obvious sequence homology between them. The viral trans-activators appear to target specific DNA binding protein such as NF-kB and Sp1 to cis-acting DNA site and promote lymphokine gene expression without TCR-mediated stimulation.	[ "Activation", "of", "lymphokine", "genes", "in", "T", "cells", ":", "role", "of", "cis", "-", "acting", "DNA", "elements", "that", "respond", "to", "T", "cell", "activation", "signals", ".", "\n", "Activation", "of", "T", "cells", "is", "initiated", "by", "the", "recognition", "of", "antigen", "on", "antigen", "presenting", "cells", "to", "exert", "the", "effector", "functions", "in", "immune", "and", "inflammatory", "responses", ".", "Two", "types", "of", "helper", "T", "cell", "(", "Th", ")", "clones", "(", "Th1", "and", "Th2", ")", "are", "defined", "on", "the", "basis", "of", "different", "patterns", "of", "cytokine", "(", "lymphokine", ")", "secretion", ".", "They", "determine", "the", "outcome", "of", "an", "antigenic", "response", "toward", "humoral", "or", "cell", "-", "mediated", "immunity", ".", "Although", "lymphokine", "genes", "are", "coordinately", "regulated", "upon", "antigen", "stimulation", ",", "they", "are", "regulated", "by", "the", "mechanisms", "common", "to", "all", "as", "well", "as", "those", "which", "are", "unique", "to", "each", "gene", ".", "For", "most", "lymphokine", "genes", ",", "a", "combination", "of", "phorbol", "esters", "(", "phorbol", "12-myristate", "13", "acetate", ",", "PMA", ")", "and", "calcium", "ionophores", "(", "A23187", ")", "is", "required", "for", "their", "maximal", "induction", ".", "Yet", "phorbol", "ester", "alone", "or", "calcium", "ionophore", "alone", "produce", "several", "lymphokines", ".", "The", "production", "of", "the", "granulocyte", "-", "macrophage", "colony", "stimulating", "factor", "(", "GM", "-", "CSF", ")", "is", "completely", "dependent", "on", "the", "two", "signals", ".", "We", "have", "previously", "found", "a", "cis", "-", "acting", "region", "spanning", "the", "GM", "-", "CSF", "promoter", "region", "(", "positions", "-95", "to", "+27", ")", "that", "confers", "inducibility", "to", "reporter", "genes", "in", "transient", "transfection", "assays", ".", "Further", "analysis", "identified", "three", "elements", "required", "for", "efficient", "induction", ",", "referred", "to", "as", "GM2", ",", "GC", "-", "box", "and", "conserved", "lymphokine", "element", "(", "CLE0", ")", ".", "GM2", "defines", "a", "binding", "site", "for", "protein(s", ")", "whose", "binding", "is", "inducible", "by", "PMA", ".", "One", "protein", ",", "NF", "-", "GM2", "is", "similar", "to", "the", "transcription", "factor", "NF", "-", "kB.", "GC", "-", "box", "is", "a", "binding", "site", "for", "constitutively", "bound", "proteins", ".", "CLEO", "defines", "a", "binding", "site", "for", "protein(s", ")", "whose", "optimum", "binding", "is", "stimulated", "by", "PMA", "and", "A23187", ".", "Viral", "trans", "-", "activators", "such", "as", "Tax", "(", "human", "T", "cell", "leukemia", "virus-1", ",", "HTLV-1", ")", "and", "E2", "(", "bovine", "papilloma", "virus", ",", "BPV", ")", "proteins", "are", "other", "agents", "which", "activate", "lymphokine", "gene", "expression", "by", "bypassing", "T", "cell", "receptor", "(", "TCR", ")", "mediated", "signaling", ".", "The", "trans", "-", "activation", "domain", "of", "E2", "and", "Tax", "is", "interchangeable", "although", "they", "have", "no", "obvious", "sequence", "homology", "between", "them", ".", "The", "viral", "trans", "-", "activators", "appear", "to", "target", "specific", "DNA", "binding", "protein", "such", "as", "NF", "-", "kB", "and", "Sp1", "to", "cis", "-", "acting", "DNA", "site", "and", "promote", "lymphokine", "gene", "expression", "without", "TCR", "-", "mediated", "stimulation", "." ]	[ "Protein" ]
low density lipoprotein - induced inflammatory responses is an other_name, endothelial cells is a cell_type, cyclic adenosine monophosphate is a nucleotide	84198_task0	Sentence: Minimally modified low density lipoprotein-induced inflammatory responses in endothelial cells are mediated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: cell_type, nucleotide, other_name	[ "O", "O", "B-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "O", "B-cell_type", "I-cell_type", "O", "O", "O", "B-nucleotide", "I-nucleotide", "I-nucleotide", "O" ]	Minimally modified low density lipoprotein-induced inflammatory responses in endothelial cells are mediated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate.	[ "Minimally", "modified", "low", "density", "lipoprotein", "-", "induced", "inflammatory", "responses", "in", "endothelial", "cells", "are", "mediated", "by", "cyclic", "adenosine", "monophosphate", "." ]	[ "other_name", "cell_line", "RNA_molecule", "protein_molecule", "nucleotide", "cell_type", "other_organic_compound", "amino_acid_monomer", "protein_domain_or_region", "protein_family_or_group", "lipid" ]
low density lipoprotein - induced inflammatory responses is an other_name, endothelial cells is a cell_type, cyclic adenosine monophosphate is a nucleotide	84198_task1	Sentence: Minimally modified low density lipoprotein-induced inflammatory responses in endothelial cells are mediated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: low density lipoprotein - induced inflammatory responses, endothelial cells, cyclic adenosine monophosphate Options: cell_type, nucleotide, other_name	[ "O", "O", "B-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "O", "B-cell_type", "I-cell_type", "O", "O", "O", "B-nucleotide", "I-nucleotide", "I-nucleotide", "O" ]	Minimally modified low density lipoprotein-induced inflammatory responses in endothelial cells are mediated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate.	[ "Minimally", "modified", "low", "density", "lipoprotein", "-", "induced", "inflammatory", "responses", "in", "endothelial", "cells", "are", "mediated", "by", "cyclic", "adenosine", "monophosphate", "." ]	[ "other_name", "cell_line", "RNA_molecule", "protein_molecule", "nucleotide", "cell_type", "other_organic_compound", "amino_acid_monomer", "protein_domain_or_region", "protein_family_or_group", "lipid" ]
low density lipoprotein - induced inflammatory responses, endothelial cells, cyclic adenosine monophosphate	84198_task2	Sentence: Minimally modified low density lipoprotein-induced inflammatory responses in endothelial cells are mediated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "B-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "O", "B-cell_type", "I-cell_type", "O", "O", "O", "B-nucleotide", "I-nucleotide", "I-nucleotide", "O" ]	Minimally modified low density lipoprotein-induced inflammatory responses in endothelial cells are mediated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate.	[ "Minimally", "modified", "low", "density", "lipoprotein", "-", "induced", "inflammatory", "responses", "in", "endothelial", "cells", "are", "mediated", "by", "cyclic", "adenosine", "monophosphate", "." ]	[ "other_name", "cell_line", "RNA_molecule", "protein_molecule", "nucleotide", "cell_type", "other_organic_compound", "amino_acid_monomer", "protein_domain_or_region", "protein_family_or_group", "lipid" ]
efficacy is an outcome	1390_task0	Sentence: In recent years some studies have been published supporting the efficacy of light exposure , physical activity , sleep control and a Mediterranean diet pattern on the improvement or prevention of depression . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: outcome	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-outcome", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	In recent years some studies have been published supporting the efficacy of light exposure , physical activity , sleep control and a Mediterranean diet pattern on the improvement or prevention of depression .	[ "In", "recent", "years", "some", "studies", "have", "been", "published", "supporting", "the", "efficacy", "of", "light", "exposure", ",", "physical", "activity", ",", "sleep", "control", "and", "a", "Mediterranean", "diet", "pattern", "on", "the", "improvement", "or", "prevention", "of", "depression", "." ]	[ "outcome" ]
efficacy is an outcome	1390_task1	Sentence: In recent years some studies have been published supporting the efficacy of light exposure , physical activity , sleep control and a Mediterranean diet pattern on the improvement or prevention of depression . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: efficacy Options: outcome	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-outcome", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	In recent years some studies have been published supporting the efficacy of light exposure , physical activity , sleep control and a Mediterranean diet pattern on the improvement or prevention of depression .	[ "In", "recent", "years", "some", "studies", "have", "been", "published", "supporting", "the", "efficacy", "of", "light", "exposure", ",", "physical", "activity", ",", "sleep", "control", "and", "a", "Mediterranean", "diet", "pattern", "on", "the", "improvement", "or", "prevention", "of", "depression", "." ]	[ "outcome" ]
efficacy	1390_task2	Sentence: In recent years some studies have been published supporting the efficacy of light exposure , physical activity , sleep control and a Mediterranean diet pattern on the improvement or prevention of depression . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-outcome", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	In recent years some studies have been published supporting the efficacy of light exposure , physical activity , sleep control and a Mediterranean diet pattern on the improvement or prevention of depression .	[ "In", "recent", "years", "some", "studies", "have", "been", "published", "supporting", "the", "efficacy", "of", "light", "exposure", ",", "physical", "activity", ",", "sleep", "control", "and", "a", "Mediterranean", "diet", "pattern", "on", "the", "improvement", "or", "prevention", "of", "depression", "." ]	[ "outcome" ]
3-Alkylindole is a CHEMICAL, Myeloperoxidase is a GENE-Y	23581551_task0	Sentence: Design, Synthesis, and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Novel 3-Alkylindole Derivatives as Selective and Highly Potent Myeloperoxidase Inhibitors. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: GENE-Y, CHEMICAL	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O" ]	Design, Synthesis, and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Novel 3-Alkylindole Derivatives as Selective and Highly Potent Myeloperoxidase Inhibitors.	[ "Design", ",", "Synthesis", ",", "and", "Structure", "-", "Activity", "Relationship", "Studies", "of", "Novel", "3-Alkylindole", "Derivatives", "as", "Selective", "and", "Highly", "Potent", "Myeloperoxidase", "Inhibitors", "." ]	[ "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL", "GENE-N" ]
3-Alkylindole is a CHEMICAL, Myeloperoxidase is a GENE-Y	23581551_task1	Sentence: Design, Synthesis, and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Novel 3-Alkylindole Derivatives as Selective and Highly Potent Myeloperoxidase Inhibitors. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: 3-Alkylindole, Myeloperoxidase Options: GENE-Y, CHEMICAL	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O" ]	Design, Synthesis, and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Novel 3-Alkylindole Derivatives as Selective and Highly Potent Myeloperoxidase Inhibitors.	[ "Design", ",", "Synthesis", ",", "and", "Structure", "-", "Activity", "Relationship", "Studies", "of", "Novel", "3-Alkylindole", "Derivatives", "as", "Selective", "and", "Highly", "Potent", "Myeloperoxidase", "Inhibitors", "." ]	[ "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL", "GENE-N" ]
3-Alkylindole, Myeloperoxidase	23581551_task2	Sentence: Design, Synthesis, and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Novel 3-Alkylindole Derivatives as Selective and Highly Potent Myeloperoxidase Inhibitors. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O" ]	Design, Synthesis, and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Novel 3-Alkylindole Derivatives as Selective and Highly Potent Myeloperoxidase Inhibitors.	[ "Design", ",", "Synthesis", ",", "and", "Structure", "-", "Activity", "Relationship", "Studies", "of", "Novel", "3-Alkylindole", "Derivatives", "as", "Selective", "and", "Highly", "Potent", "Myeloperoxidase", "Inhibitors", "." ]	[ "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL", "GENE-N" ]
Glucocorticoids is an umlsterm, physiological processes is an umlsterm, glucocorticoid receptor is an umlsterm, repression is an umlsterm, gene expression is an umlsterm, DNA is an umlsterm, repression is an umlsterm, protein - protein is an umlsterm, interactions is an umlsterm, transcription factors is an umlsterm, mode of action is an umlsterm, mice is an umlsterm, gene targeting is an umlsterm, point mutation is an umlsterm, dimerization is an umlsterm, DNA is an umlsterm, mice is an umlsterm, analysis is an umlsterm, control is an umlsterm, physiological processes is an umlsterm, stress is an umlsterm, erythropoiesis is an umlsterm, DNA is an umlsterm, binding - dependent is an umlsterm, function is an umlsterm, antitumor - promoting is an umlsterm, skin is an umlsterm, interaction is an umlsterm, transcription factor is an umlsterm, immunosuppressive is an umlsterm, glucocorticoids is an umlsterm, mice is an umlsterm, future is an umlsterm, steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs is an umlsterm	ZfuerRheumatologie.0059i0i1.eng.abstr_task0	Sentence: Glucocorticoids are involved in numerous physiological processes . Most of their effects are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) via activation and repression of gene expression . Whereas activation requires DNA binding of the receptor , repression is usually mediated by protein-protein interactions with other transcription factors . To decipher the molecular mode of action of GR , mice were generated by gene targeting , carrying a point mutation in one of the dimerization domains , thus abrogating DNA binding by GR . These GRdim mice survive to adulthood and thereby allowed analysis of the mechanism used by GR in the control of physiological processes . Specifically , stress erythropoiesis was found to require the DNA binding-dependent function of GR whereas the antitumor-promoting activity of GR in skin is mediated by interaction with the transcription factor AP-1. Furthermore , the immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activity of glucocorticoids is largely independent of GR DNA-binding , suggesting that GRdim mice might be useful in the future for the search of steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with reduced side-effects . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Glucocorticoids are involved in numerous physiological processes . Most of their effects are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) via activation and repression of gene expression . Whereas activation requires DNA binding of the receptor , repression is usually mediated by protein-protein interactions with other transcription factors . To decipher the molecular mode of action of GR , mice were generated by gene targeting , carrying a point mutation in one of the dimerization domains , thus abrogating DNA binding by GR . These GRdim mice survive to adulthood and thereby allowed analysis of the mechanism used by GR in the control of physiological processes . Specifically , stress erythropoiesis was found to require the DNA binding-dependent function of GR whereas the antitumor-promoting activity of GR in skin is mediated by interaction with the transcription factor AP-1. Furthermore , the immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activity of glucocorticoids is largely independent of GR DNA-binding , suggesting that GRdim mice might be useful in the future for the search of steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with reduced side-effects .	[ "Glucocorticoids", "are", "involved", "in", "numerous", "physiological", "processes", ".", "Most", "of", "their", "effects", "are", "mediated", "by", "the", "glucocorticoid", "receptor", "(", "GR", ")", "via", "activation", "and", "repression", "of", "gene", "expression", ".", "Whereas", "activation", "requires", "DNA", "binding", "of", "the", "receptor", ",", "repression", "is", "usually", "mediated", "by", "protein", "-", "protein", "interactions", "with", "other", "transcription", "factors", ".", "To", "decipher", "the", "molecular", "mode", "of", "action", "of", "GR", ",", "mice", "were", "generated", "by", "gene", "targeting", ",", "carrying", "a", "point", "mutation", "in", "one", "of", "the", "dimerization", "domains", ",", "thus", "abrogating", "DNA", "binding", "by", "GR", ".", "These", "GRdim", "mice", "survive", "to", "adulthood", "and", "thereby", "allowed", "analysis", "of", "the", "mechanism", "used", "by", "GR", "in", "the", "control", "of", "physiological", "processes", ".", "Specifically", ",", "stress", "erythropoiesis", "was", "found", "to", "require", "the", "DNA", "binding", "-", "dependent", "function", "of", "GR", "whereas", "the", "antitumor", "-", "promoting", "activity", "of", "GR", "in", "skin", "is", "mediated", "by", "interaction", "with", "the", "transcription", "factor", "AP-1", ".", "Furthermore", ",", "the", "immunosuppressive", "and", "anti", "-", "inflammatory", "activity", "of", "glucocorticoids", "is", "largely", "independent", "of", "GR", "DNA", "-", "binding", ",", "suggesting", "that", "GRdim", "mice", "might", "be", "useful", "in", "the", "future", "for", "the", "search", "of", "steroidal", "anti", "-", "inflammatory", "drugs", "with", "reduced", "side", "-", "effects", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Glucocorticoids is an umlsterm, physiological processes is an umlsterm, glucocorticoid receptor is an umlsterm, repression is an umlsterm, gene expression is an umlsterm, DNA is an umlsterm, repression is an umlsterm, protein - protein is an umlsterm, interactions is an umlsterm, transcription factors is an umlsterm, mode of action is an umlsterm, mice is an umlsterm, gene targeting is an umlsterm, point mutation is an umlsterm, dimerization is an umlsterm, DNA is an umlsterm, mice is an umlsterm, analysis is an umlsterm, control is an umlsterm, physiological processes is an umlsterm, stress is an umlsterm, erythropoiesis is an umlsterm, DNA is an umlsterm, binding - dependent is an umlsterm, function is an umlsterm, antitumor - promoting is an umlsterm, skin is an umlsterm, interaction is an umlsterm, transcription factor is an umlsterm, immunosuppressive is an umlsterm, glucocorticoids is an umlsterm, mice is an umlsterm, future is an umlsterm, steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs is an umlsterm	ZfuerRheumatologie.0059i0i1.eng.abstr_task1	Sentence: Glucocorticoids are involved in numerous physiological processes . Most of their effects are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) via activation and repression of gene expression . Whereas activation requires DNA binding of the receptor , repression is usually mediated by protein-protein interactions with other transcription factors . To decipher the molecular mode of action of GR , mice were generated by gene targeting , carrying a point mutation in one of the dimerization domains , thus abrogating DNA binding by GR . These GRdim mice survive to adulthood and thereby allowed analysis of the mechanism used by GR in the control of physiological processes . Specifically , stress erythropoiesis was found to require the DNA binding-dependent function of GR whereas the antitumor-promoting activity of GR in skin is mediated by interaction with the transcription factor AP-1. Furthermore , the immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activity of glucocorticoids is largely independent of GR DNA-binding , suggesting that GRdim mice might be useful in the future for the search of steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with reduced side-effects . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Glucocorticoids, physiological processes, glucocorticoid receptor, repression, gene expression, DNA, repression, protein - protein, interactions, transcription factors, mode of action, mice, gene targeting, point mutation, dimerization, DNA, mice, analysis, control, physiological processes, stress, erythropoiesis, DNA, binding - dependent, function, antitumor - promoting, skin, interaction, transcription factor, immunosuppressive, glucocorticoids, mice, future, steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs Options: umlsterm	[ "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Glucocorticoids are involved in numerous physiological processes . Most of their effects are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) via activation and repression of gene expression . Whereas activation requires DNA binding of the receptor , repression is usually mediated by protein-protein interactions with other transcription factors . To decipher the molecular mode of action of GR , mice were generated by gene targeting , carrying a point mutation in one of the dimerization domains , thus abrogating DNA binding by GR . These GRdim mice survive to adulthood and thereby allowed analysis of the mechanism used by GR in the control of physiological processes . Specifically , stress erythropoiesis was found to require the DNA binding-dependent function of GR whereas the antitumor-promoting activity of GR in skin is mediated by interaction with the transcription factor AP-1. Furthermore , the immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activity of glucocorticoids is largely independent of GR DNA-binding , suggesting that GRdim mice might be useful in the future for the search of steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with reduced side-effects .	[ "Glucocorticoids", "are", "involved", "in", "numerous", "physiological", "processes", ".", "Most", "of", "their", "effects", "are", "mediated", "by", "the", "glucocorticoid", "receptor", "(", "GR", ")", "via", "activation", "and", "repression", "of", "gene", "expression", ".", "Whereas", "activation", "requires", "DNA", "binding", "of", "the", "receptor", ",", "repression", "is", "usually", "mediated", "by", "protein", "-", "protein", "interactions", "with", "other", "transcription", "factors", ".", "To", "decipher", "the", "molecular", "mode", "of", "action", "of", "GR", ",", "mice", "were", "generated", "by", "gene", "targeting", ",", "carrying", "a", "point", "mutation", "in", "one", "of", "the", "dimerization", "domains", ",", "thus", "abrogating", "DNA", "binding", "by", "GR", ".", "These", "GRdim", "mice", "survive", "to", "adulthood", "and", "thereby", "allowed", "analysis", "of", "the", "mechanism", "used", "by", "GR", "in", "the", "control", "of", "physiological", "processes", ".", "Specifically", ",", "stress", "erythropoiesis", "was", "found", "to", "require", "the", "DNA", "binding", "-", "dependent", "function", "of", "GR", "whereas", "the", "antitumor", "-", "promoting", "activity", "of", "GR", "in", "skin", "is", "mediated", "by", "interaction", "with", "the", "transcription", "factor", "AP-1", ".", "Furthermore", ",", "the", "immunosuppressive", "and", "anti", "-", "inflammatory", "activity", "of", "glucocorticoids", "is", "largely", "independent", "of", "GR", "DNA", "-", "binding", ",", "suggesting", "that", "GRdim", "mice", "might", "be", "useful", "in", "the", "future", "for", "the", "search", "of", "steroidal", "anti", "-", "inflammatory", "drugs", "with", "reduced", "side", "-", "effects", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Glucocorticoids, physiological processes, glucocorticoid receptor, repression, gene expression, DNA, repression, protein - protein, interactions, transcription factors, mode of action, mice, gene targeting, point mutation, dimerization, DNA, mice, analysis, control, physiological processes, stress, erythropoiesis, DNA, binding - dependent, function, antitumor - promoting, skin, interaction, transcription factor, immunosuppressive, glucocorticoids, mice, future, steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs	ZfuerRheumatologie.0059i0i1.eng.abstr_task2	Sentence: Glucocorticoids are involved in numerous physiological processes . Most of their effects are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) via activation and repression of gene expression . Whereas activation requires DNA binding of the receptor , repression is usually mediated by protein-protein interactions with other transcription factors . To decipher the molecular mode of action of GR , mice were generated by gene targeting , carrying a point mutation in one of the dimerization domains , thus abrogating DNA binding by GR . These GRdim mice survive to adulthood and thereby allowed analysis of the mechanism used by GR in the control of physiological processes . Specifically , stress erythropoiesis was found to require the DNA binding-dependent function of GR whereas the antitumor-promoting activity of GR in skin is mediated by interaction with the transcription factor AP-1. Furthermore , the immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activity of glucocorticoids is largely independent of GR DNA-binding , suggesting that GRdim mice might be useful in the future for the search of steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with reduced side-effects . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Glucocorticoids are involved in numerous physiological processes . Most of their effects are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) via activation and repression of gene expression . Whereas activation requires DNA binding of the receptor , repression is usually mediated by protein-protein interactions with other transcription factors . To decipher the molecular mode of action of GR , mice were generated by gene targeting , carrying a point mutation in one of the dimerization domains , thus abrogating DNA binding by GR . These GRdim mice survive to adulthood and thereby allowed analysis of the mechanism used by GR in the control of physiological processes . Specifically , stress erythropoiesis was found to require the DNA binding-dependent function of GR whereas the antitumor-promoting activity of GR in skin is mediated by interaction with the transcription factor AP-1. Furthermore , the immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activity of glucocorticoids is largely independent of GR DNA-binding , suggesting that GRdim mice might be useful in the future for the search of steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with reduced side-effects .	[ "Glucocorticoids", "are", "involved", "in", "numerous", "physiological", "processes", ".", "Most", "of", "their", "effects", "are", "mediated", "by", "the", "glucocorticoid", "receptor", "(", "GR", ")", "via", "activation", "and", "repression", "of", "gene", "expression", ".", "Whereas", "activation", "requires", "DNA", "binding", "of", "the", "receptor", ",", "repression", "is", "usually", "mediated", "by", "protein", "-", "protein", "interactions", "with", "other", "transcription", "factors", ".", "To", "decipher", "the", "molecular", "mode", "of", "action", "of", "GR", ",", "mice", "were", "generated", "by", "gene", "targeting", ",", "carrying", "a", "point", "mutation", "in", "one", "of", "the", "dimerization", "domains", ",", "thus", "abrogating", "DNA", "binding", "by", "GR", ".", "These", "GRdim", "mice", "survive", "to", "adulthood", "and", "thereby", "allowed", "analysis", "of", "the", "mechanism", "used", "by", "GR", "in", "the", "control", "of", "physiological", "processes", ".", "Specifically", ",", "stress", "erythropoiesis", "was", "found", "to", "require", "the", "DNA", "binding", "-", "dependent", "function", "of", "GR", "whereas", "the", "antitumor", "-", "promoting", "activity", "of", "GR", "in", "skin", "is", "mediated", "by", "interaction", "with", "the", "transcription", "factor", "AP-1", ".", "Furthermore", ",", "the", "immunosuppressive", "and", "anti", "-", "inflammatory", "activity", "of", "glucocorticoids", "is", "largely", "independent", "of", "GR", "DNA", "-", "binding", ",", "suggesting", "that", "GRdim", "mice", "might", "be", "useful", "in", "the", "future", "for", "the", "search", "of", "steroidal", "anti", "-", "inflammatory", "drugs", "with", "reduced", "side", "-", "effects", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Gesundheitsreform is an umlsterm, Deutschland is an umlsterm, Krankenhaeuser is an umlsterm, Vertragsaerzte is an umlsterm, Krankenhauses is an umlsterm, Pflichtkataloge is an umlsterm, Medizin is an umlsterm, Krankenhaus is an umlsterm, Krankenhaeuser is an umlsterm	DerChirurg.00710417.ger.abstr_task0	Sentence: Zusammenfassung . Die Gesundheitsreform 2000 in Deutschland aendert wenig an den Strukturdefiziten des deutschen Gesundheitswesens . Die Monopole der Krankenhaeuser fuer die stationaere Versorgung und der niedergelassenen Vertragsaerzte fuer die ambulante Versorgung werden nicht angetastet . Die Budgetierung des Krankenhauses bleibt . Kuenftig werden Pflichtkataloge fuer ambulante Operationen vorgegeben , die nicht stationaer erbracht werden duerfen . Die Pflicht zur Qualitaetssicherung wird praezisiert und verschaerft . Innovative Medizin darf kuenftig auch im Krankenhaus nur kontrolliert eingefuehrt werden . Fuer die Krankenhaeuser wird ein neues DRG-basiertes Preissystem eingefuehrt . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Zusammenfassung . Die Gesundheitsreform 2000 in Deutschland aendert wenig an den Strukturdefiziten des deutschen Gesundheitswesens . Die Monopole der Krankenhaeuser fuer die stationaere Versorgung und der niedergelassenen Vertragsaerzte fuer die ambulante Versorgung werden nicht angetastet . Die Budgetierung des Krankenhauses bleibt . Kuenftig werden Pflichtkataloge fuer ambulante Operationen vorgegeben , die nicht stationaer erbracht werden duerfen . Die Pflicht zur Qualitaetssicherung wird praezisiert und verschaerft . Innovative Medizin darf kuenftig auch im Krankenhaus nur kontrolliert eingefuehrt werden . Fuer die Krankenhaeuser wird ein neues DRG-basiertes Preissystem eingefuehrt .	[ "Zusammenfassung", ".", "Die", "Gesundheitsreform", "2000", "in", "Deutschland", "aendert", "wenig", "an", "den", "Strukturdefiziten", "des", "deutschen", "Gesundheitswesens", ".", "Die", "Monopole", "der", "Krankenhaeuser", "fuer", "die", "stationaere", "Versorgung", "und", "der", "niedergelassenen", "Vertragsaerzte", "fuer", "die", "ambulante", "Versorgung", "werden", "nicht", "angetastet", ".", "Die", "Budgetierung", "des", "Krankenhauses", "bleibt", ".", "Kuenftig", "werden", "Pflichtkataloge", "fuer", "ambulante", "Operationen", "vorgegeben", ",", "die", "nicht", "stationaer", "erbracht", "werden", "duerfen", ".", "Die", "Pflicht", "zur", "Qualitaetssicherung", "wird", "praezisiert", "und", "verschaerft", ".", "Innovative", "Medizin", "darf", "kuenftig", "auch", "im", "Krankenhaus", "nur", "kontrolliert", "eingefuehrt", "werden", ".", "Fuer", "die", "Krankenhaeuser", "wird", "ein", "neues", "DRG", "-", "basiertes", "Preissystem", "eingefuehrt", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Gesundheitsreform is an umlsterm, Deutschland is an umlsterm, Krankenhaeuser is an umlsterm, Vertragsaerzte is an umlsterm, Krankenhauses is an umlsterm, Pflichtkataloge is an umlsterm, Medizin is an umlsterm, Krankenhaus is an umlsterm, Krankenhaeuser is an umlsterm	DerChirurg.00710417.ger.abstr_task1	Sentence: Zusammenfassung . Die Gesundheitsreform 2000 in Deutschland aendert wenig an den Strukturdefiziten des deutschen Gesundheitswesens . Die Monopole der Krankenhaeuser fuer die stationaere Versorgung und der niedergelassenen Vertragsaerzte fuer die ambulante Versorgung werden nicht angetastet . Die Budgetierung des Krankenhauses bleibt . Kuenftig werden Pflichtkataloge fuer ambulante Operationen vorgegeben , die nicht stationaer erbracht werden duerfen . Die Pflicht zur Qualitaetssicherung wird praezisiert und verschaerft . Innovative Medizin darf kuenftig auch im Krankenhaus nur kontrolliert eingefuehrt werden . Fuer die Krankenhaeuser wird ein neues DRG-basiertes Preissystem eingefuehrt . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Gesundheitsreform, Deutschland, Krankenhaeuser, Vertragsaerzte, Krankenhauses, Pflichtkataloge, Medizin, Krankenhaus, Krankenhaeuser Options: umlsterm	[ "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Zusammenfassung . Die Gesundheitsreform 2000 in Deutschland aendert wenig an den Strukturdefiziten des deutschen Gesundheitswesens . Die Monopole der Krankenhaeuser fuer die stationaere Versorgung und der niedergelassenen Vertragsaerzte fuer die ambulante Versorgung werden nicht angetastet . Die Budgetierung des Krankenhauses bleibt . Kuenftig werden Pflichtkataloge fuer ambulante Operationen vorgegeben , die nicht stationaer erbracht werden duerfen . Die Pflicht zur Qualitaetssicherung wird praezisiert und verschaerft . Innovative Medizin darf kuenftig auch im Krankenhaus nur kontrolliert eingefuehrt werden . Fuer die Krankenhaeuser wird ein neues DRG-basiertes Preissystem eingefuehrt .	[ "Zusammenfassung", ".", "Die", "Gesundheitsreform", "2000", "in", "Deutschland", "aendert", "wenig", "an", "den", "Strukturdefiziten", "des", "deutschen", "Gesundheitswesens", ".", "Die", "Monopole", "der", "Krankenhaeuser", "fuer", "die", "stationaere", "Versorgung", "und", "der", "niedergelassenen", "Vertragsaerzte", "fuer", "die", "ambulante", "Versorgung", "werden", "nicht", "angetastet", ".", "Die", "Budgetierung", "des", "Krankenhauses", "bleibt", ".", "Kuenftig", "werden", "Pflichtkataloge", "fuer", "ambulante", "Operationen", "vorgegeben", ",", "die", "nicht", "stationaer", "erbracht", "werden", "duerfen", ".", "Die", "Pflicht", "zur", "Qualitaetssicherung", "wird", "praezisiert", "und", "verschaerft", ".", "Innovative", "Medizin", "darf", "kuenftig", "auch", "im", "Krankenhaus", "nur", "kontrolliert", "eingefuehrt", "werden", ".", "Fuer", "die", "Krankenhaeuser", "wird", "ein", "neues", "DRG", "-", "basiertes", "Preissystem", "eingefuehrt", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
Gesundheitsreform, Deutschland, Krankenhaeuser, Vertragsaerzte, Krankenhauses, Pflichtkataloge, Medizin, Krankenhaus, Krankenhaeuser	DerChirurg.00710417.ger.abstr_task2	Sentence: Zusammenfassung . Die Gesundheitsreform 2000 in Deutschland aendert wenig an den Strukturdefiziten des deutschen Gesundheitswesens . Die Monopole der Krankenhaeuser fuer die stationaere Versorgung und der niedergelassenen Vertragsaerzte fuer die ambulante Versorgung werden nicht angetastet . Die Budgetierung des Krankenhauses bleibt . Kuenftig werden Pflichtkataloge fuer ambulante Operationen vorgegeben , die nicht stationaer erbracht werden duerfen . Die Pflicht zur Qualitaetssicherung wird praezisiert und verschaerft . Innovative Medizin darf kuenftig auch im Krankenhaus nur kontrolliert eingefuehrt werden . Fuer die Krankenhaeuser wird ein neues DRG-basiertes Preissystem eingefuehrt . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Zusammenfassung . Die Gesundheitsreform 2000 in Deutschland aendert wenig an den Strukturdefiziten des deutschen Gesundheitswesens . Die Monopole der Krankenhaeuser fuer die stationaere Versorgung und der niedergelassenen Vertragsaerzte fuer die ambulante Versorgung werden nicht angetastet . Die Budgetierung des Krankenhauses bleibt . Kuenftig werden Pflichtkataloge fuer ambulante Operationen vorgegeben , die nicht stationaer erbracht werden duerfen . Die Pflicht zur Qualitaetssicherung wird praezisiert und verschaerft . Innovative Medizin darf kuenftig auch im Krankenhaus nur kontrolliert eingefuehrt werden . Fuer die Krankenhaeuser wird ein neues DRG-basiertes Preissystem eingefuehrt .	[ "Zusammenfassung", ".", "Die", "Gesundheitsreform", "2000", "in", "Deutschland", "aendert", "wenig", "an", "den", "Strukturdefiziten", "des", "deutschen", "Gesundheitswesens", ".", "Die", "Monopole", "der", "Krankenhaeuser", "fuer", "die", "stationaere", "Versorgung", "und", "der", "niedergelassenen", "Vertragsaerzte", "fuer", "die", "ambulante", "Versorgung", "werden", "nicht", "angetastet", ".", "Die", "Budgetierung", "des", "Krankenhauses", "bleibt", ".", "Kuenftig", "werden", "Pflichtkataloge", "fuer", "ambulante", "Operationen", "vorgegeben", ",", "die", "nicht", "stationaer", "erbracht", "werden", "duerfen", ".", "Die", "Pflicht", "zur", "Qualitaetssicherung", "wird", "praezisiert", "und", "verschaerft", ".", "Innovative", "Medizin", "darf", "kuenftig", "auch", "im", "Krankenhaus", "nur", "kontrolliert", "eingefuehrt", "werden", ".", "Fuer", "die", "Krankenhaeuser", "wird", "ein", "neues", "DRG", "-", "basiertes", "Preissystem", "eingefuehrt", "." ]	[ "umlsterm" ]
endocrine is a Intervention_Pharmacological, radiation therapy is a Intervention_Physical, locally advanced prostatic cancer . is a Participant_Condition, 151 is a Participant_Sample-size, ( T3 - 4 M0 ) is a Participant_Condition, representing 38 % of the 404 cancer patients in a Finnish multicenter study is a Participant_Condition, orchiectomy is a Intervention_Surgical, estrogens is a Intervention_Pharmacological, radiotherapy is a Intervention_Physical, progression rates is a Outcome_Other, ( appearance of metastases in bone scan ) is a Outcome_Physical, frequency of thromboembolic and other cardiovascular complications is a Outcome_Adverse-effects, bowel or bladder complications is a Outcome_Adverse-effects	74527_task0	Sentence: Comparison of endocrine and radiation therapy in locally advanced prostatic cancer . 151 patients with locally advanced prostatic cancer ( T3-4 M0 ) , representing 38 % of the 404 cancer patients in a Finnish multicenter study , were randomly assigned to one of three treatment arms : orchiectomy , estrogens or radiotherapy . During the 4-year follow-up period there were no significant differences in the progression rates ( appearance of metastases in bone scan ) between the therapy groups . The frequency of thromboembolic and other cardiovascular complications was highest in the estrogen group ( 13/50 patients ) . In the radiotherapy group , 19 of 45 patients had bowel or bladder complications . On the other hand , orchiectomy has few , if any , complications . The high risk of complications associated with estrogens and radiotherapy has to be taken into consideration in the selection of treatment . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Outcome_Adverse-effects, Intervention_Physical, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size, Outcome_Other, Intervention_Surgical	[ "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Surgical", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Intervention_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Comparison of endocrine and radiation therapy in locally advanced prostatic cancer . 151 patients with locally advanced prostatic cancer ( T3-4 M0 ) , representing 38 % of the 404 cancer patients in a Finnish multicenter study , were randomly assigned to one of three treatment arms : orchiectomy , estrogens or radiotherapy . During the 4-year follow-up period there were no significant differences in the progression rates ( appearance of metastases in bone scan ) between the therapy groups . The frequency of thromboembolic and other cardiovascular complications was highest in the estrogen group ( 13/50 patients ) . In the radiotherapy group , 19 of 45 patients had bowel or bladder complications . On the other hand , orchiectomy has few , if any , complications . The high risk of complications associated with estrogens and radiotherapy has to be taken into consideration in the selection of treatment .	[ "Comparison", "of", "endocrine", "and", "radiation", "therapy", "in", "locally", "advanced", "prostatic", "cancer", ".", "151", "patients", "with", "locally", "advanced", "prostatic", "cancer", "(", "T3", "-", "4", "M0", ")", ",", "representing", "38", "%", "of", "the", "404", "cancer", "patients", "in", "a", "Finnish", "multicenter", "study", ",", "were", "randomly", "assigned", "to", "one", "of", "three", "treatment", "arms", ":", "orchiectomy", ",", "estrogens", "or", "radiotherapy", ".", "During", "the", "4-year", "follow", "-", "up", "period", "there", "were", "no", "significant", "differences", "in", "the", "progression", "rates", "(", "appearance", "of", "metastases", "in", "bone", "scan", ")", "between", "the", "therapy", "groups", ".", "The", "frequency", "of", "thromboembolic", "and", "other", "cardiovascular", "complications", "was", "highest", "in", "the", "estrogen", "group", "(", "13/50", "patients", ")", ".", "In", "the", "radiotherapy", "group", ",", "19", "of", "45", "patients", "had", "bowel", "or", "bladder", "complications", ".", "On", "the", "other", "hand", ",", "orchiectomy", "has", "few", ",", "if", "any", ",", "complications", ".", "The", "high", "risk", "of", "complications", "associated", "with", "estrogens", "and", "radiotherapy", "has", "to", "be", "taken", "into", "consideration", "in", "the", "selection", "of", "treatment", "." ]	[ "Participant_Condition", "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "Outcome_Physical", "Intervention_Physical", "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Surgical", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Sample-size" ]
endocrine is a Intervention_Pharmacological, radiation therapy is a Intervention_Physical, locally advanced prostatic cancer . is a Participant_Condition, 151 is a Participant_Sample-size, ( T3 - 4 M0 ) is a Participant_Condition, representing 38 % of the 404 cancer patients in a Finnish multicenter study is a Participant_Condition, orchiectomy is a Intervention_Surgical, estrogens is a Intervention_Pharmacological, radiotherapy is a Intervention_Physical, progression rates is a Outcome_Other, ( appearance of metastases in bone scan ) is a Outcome_Physical, frequency of thromboembolic and other cardiovascular complications is a Outcome_Adverse-effects, bowel or bladder complications is a Outcome_Adverse-effects	74527_task1	Sentence: Comparison of endocrine and radiation therapy in locally advanced prostatic cancer . 151 patients with locally advanced prostatic cancer ( T3-4 M0 ) , representing 38 % of the 404 cancer patients in a Finnish multicenter study , were randomly assigned to one of three treatment arms : orchiectomy , estrogens or radiotherapy . During the 4-year follow-up period there were no significant differences in the progression rates ( appearance of metastases in bone scan ) between the therapy groups . The frequency of thromboembolic and other cardiovascular complications was highest in the estrogen group ( 13/50 patients ) . In the radiotherapy group , 19 of 45 patients had bowel or bladder complications . On the other hand , orchiectomy has few , if any , complications . The high risk of complications associated with estrogens and radiotherapy has to be taken into consideration in the selection of treatment . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: endocrine, radiation therapy, locally advanced prostatic cancer ., 151, ( T3 - 4 M0 ), representing 38 % of the 404 cancer patients in a Finnish multicenter study, orchiectomy, estrogens, radiotherapy, progression rates, ( appearance of metastases in bone scan ), frequency of thromboembolic and other cardiovascular complications, bowel or bladder complications Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Outcome_Adverse-effects, Intervention_Physical, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size, Outcome_Other, Intervention_Surgical	[ "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Surgical", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Intervention_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Comparison of endocrine and radiation therapy in locally advanced prostatic cancer . 151 patients with locally advanced prostatic cancer ( T3-4 M0 ) , representing 38 % of the 404 cancer patients in a Finnish multicenter study , were randomly assigned to one of three treatment arms : orchiectomy , estrogens or radiotherapy . During the 4-year follow-up period there were no significant differences in the progression rates ( appearance of metastases in bone scan ) between the therapy groups . The frequency of thromboembolic and other cardiovascular complications was highest in the estrogen group ( 13/50 patients ) . In the radiotherapy group , 19 of 45 patients had bowel or bladder complications . On the other hand , orchiectomy has few , if any , complications . The high risk of complications associated with estrogens and radiotherapy has to be taken into consideration in the selection of treatment .	[ "Comparison", "of", "endocrine", "and", "radiation", "therapy", "in", "locally", "advanced", "prostatic", "cancer", ".", "151", "patients", "with", "locally", "advanced", "prostatic", "cancer", "(", "T3", "-", "4", "M0", ")", ",", "representing", "38", "%", "of", "the", "404", "cancer", "patients", "in", "a", "Finnish", "multicenter", "study", ",", "were", "randomly", "assigned", "to", "one", "of", "three", "treatment", "arms", ":", "orchiectomy", ",", "estrogens", "or", "radiotherapy", ".", "During", "the", "4-year", "follow", "-", "up", "period", "there", "were", "no", "significant", "differences", "in", "the", "progression", "rates", "(", "appearance", "of", "metastases", "in", "bone", "scan", ")", "between", "the", "therapy", "groups", ".", "The", "frequency", "of", "thromboembolic", "and", "other", "cardiovascular", "complications", "was", "highest", "in", "the", "estrogen", "group", "(", "13/50", "patients", ")", ".", "In", "the", "radiotherapy", "group", ",", "19", "of", "45", "patients", "had", "bowel", "or", "bladder", "complications", ".", "On", "the", "other", "hand", ",", "orchiectomy", "has", "few", ",", "if", "any", ",", "complications", ".", "The", "high", "risk", "of", "complications", "associated", "with", "estrogens", "and", "radiotherapy", "has", "to", "be", "taken", "into", "consideration", "in", "the", "selection", "of", "treatment", "." ]	[ "Participant_Condition", "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "Outcome_Physical", "Intervention_Physical", "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Surgical", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Sample-size" ]
endocrine, radiation therapy, locally advanced prostatic cancer ., 151, ( T3 - 4 M0 ), representing 38 % of the 404 cancer patients in a Finnish multicenter study, orchiectomy, estrogens, radiotherapy, progression rates, ( appearance of metastases in bone scan ), frequency of thromboembolic and other cardiovascular complications, bowel or bladder complications	74527_task2	Sentence: Comparison of endocrine and radiation therapy in locally advanced prostatic cancer . 151 patients with locally advanced prostatic cancer ( T3-4 M0 ) , representing 38 % of the 404 cancer patients in a Finnish multicenter study , were randomly assigned to one of three treatment arms : orchiectomy , estrogens or radiotherapy . During the 4-year follow-up period there were no significant differences in the progression rates ( appearance of metastases in bone scan ) between the therapy groups . The frequency of thromboembolic and other cardiovascular complications was highest in the estrogen group ( 13/50 patients ) . In the radiotherapy group , 19 of 45 patients had bowel or bladder complications . On the other hand , orchiectomy has few , if any , complications . The high risk of complications associated with estrogens and radiotherapy has to be taken into consideration in the selection of treatment . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Surgical", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Intervention_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Comparison of endocrine and radiation therapy in locally advanced prostatic cancer . 151 patients with locally advanced prostatic cancer ( T3-4 M0 ) , representing 38 % of the 404 cancer patients in a Finnish multicenter study , were randomly assigned to one of three treatment arms : orchiectomy , estrogens or radiotherapy . During the 4-year follow-up period there were no significant differences in the progression rates ( appearance of metastases in bone scan ) between the therapy groups . The frequency of thromboembolic and other cardiovascular complications was highest in the estrogen group ( 13/50 patients ) . In the radiotherapy group , 19 of 45 patients had bowel or bladder complications . On the other hand , orchiectomy has few , if any , complications . The high risk of complications associated with estrogens and radiotherapy has to be taken into consideration in the selection of treatment .	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Identification is a ProteinIdentification, human is a Eukaryote, HECT family protein is a Protein, Drosophila is a Eukaryote, tumor suppressor gene is a Gene, hyperplastic discs is a Gene, progestin is a Chemical, genes is a Gene, T-47D is a Cell, human is a Eukaryote, breast cancer cells is a Cell, EDD is a Gene, Drosophila melanogaster is a Eukaryote, tumor suppressor gene is a Gene, hyperplastic discs is a Gene, rat is a Eukaryote, HECT domain protein is a Protein, EDD mRNA is a MessengerRNA, progestin is a Chemical, T-47D cells is a Cell, testes is a Tissue, EDD is a Gene, protein is a Protein, T-47D cell is a Cell, HECT family proteins is a Protein, E3 ubiquitin - protein ligases is a Enzyme, ubiquitin is a Protein, EDD is a Protein, E3 is a Enzyme, ubiquitin is a Protein, HECT domain is a ProteinDomain, cysteine residue is a AminoAcid, EDD is a Gene, chromosome 8q22 is a Chromosome, EDD is a Protein, hyperplastic discs protein is a Protein, imaginal disc is a Tissue, Drosophila is a Eukaryote, EDD is a Gene	12_task0	Sentence: Identification of a human HECT family protein with homology to the Drosophila tumor suppressor gene hyperplastic discs. Use of the differential display technique to isolate progestin-regulated genes in T-47D human breast cancer cells led to identification of a novel gene, EDD. The cDNA sequence contains a 2799 amino acid open reading frame sharing 40% identity with the predicted 2894 amino acid product of the Drosophila melanogaster tumor suppressor gene hyperplastic discs, while the carboxy-terminal 889 amino acids show 96% identity to a rat 100 kDa HECT domain protein. EDD mRNA was progestin-induced in T-47D cells and was highly abundant in testes and expressed at moderately high levels in other tissues, suggesting a broad role for EDD. Anti-EDD antibodies immunoprecipitated an approximately 300 kDa protein from T-47D cell lysates. HECT family proteins function as E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases, targeting specific proteins for ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. EDD is likely to function as an E3 as in vitro translated protein bound ubiquitin reversibly through a conserved HECT domain cysteine residue. EDD was localized by FISH to chromosome 8q22, a locus disrupted in a variety of cancers. Given the homology between EDD and the hyperplastic discs protein, which is required for control of imaginal disc growth in Drosophila, EDD potentially has a role in regulation of cell proliferation or differentiation. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: AminoAcid, Tissue, Eukaryote, Chemical, Enzyme, MessengerRNA, Chromosome, Gene, ProteinIdentification, ProteinDomain, Protein, Cell	[ "B-ProteinIdentification", "O", "O", "B-Eukaryote", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Eukaryote", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Chemical", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "B-Cell", "B-Eukaryote", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Eukaryote", "I-Eukaryote", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Eukaryote", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-MessengerRNA", "I-MessengerRNA", "O", "B-Chemical", "O", "O", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Tissue", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Enzyme", "I-Enzyme", "I-Enzyme", "I-Enzyme", "I-Enzyme", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Enzyme", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ProteinDomain", "I-ProteinDomain", "B-AminoAcid", "I-AminoAcid", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Chromosome", "I-Chromosome", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Tissue", "I-Tissue", "O", "O", "B-Eukaryote", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Identification of a human HECT family protein with homology to the Drosophila tumor suppressor gene hyperplastic discs. Use of the differential display technique to isolate progestin-regulated genes in T-47D human breast cancer cells led to identification of a novel gene, EDD. The cDNA sequence contains a 2799 amino acid open reading frame sharing 40% identity with the predicted 2894 amino acid product of the Drosophila melanogaster tumor suppressor gene hyperplastic discs, while the carboxy-terminal 889 amino acids show 96% identity to a rat 100 kDa HECT domain protein. EDD mRNA was progestin-induced in T-47D cells and was highly abundant in testes and expressed at moderately high levels in other tissues, suggesting a broad role for EDD. Anti-EDD antibodies immunoprecipitated an approximately 300 kDa protein from T-47D cell lysates. HECT family proteins function as E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases, targeting specific proteins for ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. EDD is likely to function as an E3 as in vitro translated protein bound ubiquitin reversibly through a conserved HECT domain cysteine residue. EDD was localized by FISH to chromosome 8q22, a locus disrupted in a variety of cancers. Given the homology between EDD and the hyperplastic discs protein, which is required for control of imaginal disc growth in Drosophila, EDD potentially has a role in regulation of cell proliferation or differentiation.	[ "Identification", "of", "a", "human", "HECT", "family", "protein", "with", "homology", "to", "the", "Drosophila", "tumor", "suppressor", "gene", "hyperplastic", "discs", ".", "Use", "of", "the", "differential", "display", "technique", "to", "isolate", "progestin", "-", "regulated", "genes", "in", "T-47D", "human", "breast", "cancer", "cells", "led", "to", "identification", "of", "a", "novel", "gene", ",", "EDD", ".", "The", "cDNA", "sequence", "contains", "a", "2799", "amino", "acid", "open", "reading", "frame", "sharing", "40", "%", "identity", "with", "the", "predicted", "2894", "amino", "acid", "product", "of", "the", "Drosophila", "melanogaster", "tumor", "suppressor", "gene", "hyperplastic", "discs", ",", "while", "the", "carboxy", "-", "terminal", "889", "amino", "acids", "show", "96", "%", "identity", "to", "a", "rat", "100", "kDa", "HECT", "domain", "protein", ".", "EDD", "mRNA", "was", "progestin", "-", "induced", "in", "T-47D", "cells", "and", "was", "highly", "abundant", "in", "testes", "and", "expressed", "at", "moderately", "high", "levels", "in", "other", "tissues", ",", "suggesting", "a", "broad", "role", "for", "EDD", ".", "Anti", "-", "EDD", "antibodies", "immunoprecipitated", "an", "approximately", "300", "kDa", "protein", "from", "T-47D", "cell", "lysates", ".", "HECT", "family", "proteins", "function", "as", "E3", "ubiquitin", "-", "protein", "ligases", ",", "targeting", "specific", "proteins", "for", "ubiquitin", "-", "mediated", "proteolysis", ".", "EDD", "is", "likely", "to", "function", "as", "an", "E3", "as", "in", "vitro", "translated", "protein", "bound", "ubiquitin", "reversibly", "through", "a", "conserved", "HECT", "domain", "cysteine", "residue", ".", "EDD", "was", "localized", "by", "FISH", "to", "chromosome", "8q22", ",", "a", "locus", "disrupted", "in", "a", "variety", "of", "cancers", ".", "Given", "the", "homology", "between", "EDD", "and", "the", "hyperplastic", "discs", "protein", ",", "which", "is", "required", "for", "control", "of", "imaginal", "disc", "growth", "in", "Drosophila", ",", "EDD", "potentially", "has", "a", "role", "in", "regulation", "of", "cell", "proliferation", "or", "differentiation", ".", "\n" ]	[ "Enzyme", "Protein", "Eukaryote", "Gene", "Cell", "AminoAcid", "Chromosome", "ProteinIdentification", "Tissue", "ProteinDomain", "Chemical", "MessengerRNA" ]
Identification is a ProteinIdentification, human is a Eukaryote, HECT family protein is a Protein, Drosophila is a Eukaryote, tumor suppressor gene is a Gene, hyperplastic discs is a Gene, progestin is a Chemical, genes is a Gene, T-47D is a Cell, human is a Eukaryote, breast cancer cells is a Cell, EDD is a Gene, Drosophila melanogaster is a Eukaryote, tumor suppressor gene is a Gene, hyperplastic discs is a Gene, rat is a Eukaryote, HECT domain protein is a Protein, EDD mRNA is a MessengerRNA, progestin is a Chemical, T-47D cells is a Cell, testes is a Tissue, EDD is a Gene, protein is a Protein, T-47D cell is a Cell, HECT family proteins is a Protein, E3 ubiquitin - protein ligases is a Enzyme, ubiquitin is a Protein, EDD is a Protein, E3 is a Enzyme, ubiquitin is a Protein, HECT domain is a ProteinDomain, cysteine residue is a AminoAcid, EDD is a Gene, chromosome 8q22 is a Chromosome, EDD is a Protein, hyperplastic discs protein is a Protein, imaginal disc is a Tissue, Drosophila is a Eukaryote, EDD is a Gene	12_task1	Sentence: Identification of a human HECT family protein with homology to the Drosophila tumor suppressor gene hyperplastic discs. Use of the differential display technique to isolate progestin-regulated genes in T-47D human breast cancer cells led to identification of a novel gene, EDD. The cDNA sequence contains a 2799 amino acid open reading frame sharing 40% identity with the predicted 2894 amino acid product of the Drosophila melanogaster tumor suppressor gene hyperplastic discs, while the carboxy-terminal 889 amino acids show 96% identity to a rat 100 kDa HECT domain protein. EDD mRNA was progestin-induced in T-47D cells and was highly abundant in testes and expressed at moderately high levels in other tissues, suggesting a broad role for EDD. Anti-EDD antibodies immunoprecipitated an approximately 300 kDa protein from T-47D cell lysates. HECT family proteins function as E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases, targeting specific proteins for ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. EDD is likely to function as an E3 as in vitro translated protein bound ubiquitin reversibly through a conserved HECT domain cysteine residue. EDD was localized by FISH to chromosome 8q22, a locus disrupted in a variety of cancers. Given the homology between EDD and the hyperplastic discs protein, which is required for control of imaginal disc growth in Drosophila, EDD potentially has a role in regulation of cell proliferation or differentiation. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Identification, human, HECT family protein, Drosophila, tumor suppressor gene, hyperplastic discs, progestin, genes, T-47D, human, breast cancer cells, EDD, Drosophila melanogaster, tumor suppressor gene, hyperplastic discs, rat, HECT domain protein, EDD mRNA, progestin, T-47D cells, testes, EDD, protein, T-47D cell, HECT family proteins, E3 ubiquitin - protein ligases, ubiquitin, EDD, E3, ubiquitin, HECT domain, cysteine residue, EDD, chromosome 8q22, EDD, hyperplastic discs protein, imaginal disc, Drosophila, EDD Options: AminoAcid, Tissue, Eukaryote, Chemical, Enzyme, MessengerRNA, Chromosome, Gene, ProteinIdentification, ProteinDomain, Protein, Cell	[ "B-ProteinIdentification", "O", "O", "B-Eukaryote", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Eukaryote", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Chemical", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "B-Cell", "B-Eukaryote", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Eukaryote", "I-Eukaryote", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Eukaryote", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-MessengerRNA", "I-MessengerRNA", "O", "B-Chemical", "O", "O", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Tissue", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Enzyme", "I-Enzyme", "I-Enzyme", "I-Enzyme", "I-Enzyme", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Enzyme", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ProteinDomain", "I-ProteinDomain", "B-AminoAcid", "I-AminoAcid", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Chromosome", "I-Chromosome", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Tissue", "I-Tissue", "O", "O", "B-Eukaryote", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Identification of a human HECT family protein with homology to the Drosophila tumor suppressor gene hyperplastic discs. Use of the differential display technique to isolate progestin-regulated genes in T-47D human breast cancer cells led to identification of a novel gene, EDD. The cDNA sequence contains a 2799 amino acid open reading frame sharing 40% identity with the predicted 2894 amino acid product of the Drosophila melanogaster tumor suppressor gene hyperplastic discs, while the carboxy-terminal 889 amino acids show 96% identity to a rat 100 kDa HECT domain protein. EDD mRNA was progestin-induced in T-47D cells and was highly abundant in testes and expressed at moderately high levels in other tissues, suggesting a broad role for EDD. Anti-EDD antibodies immunoprecipitated an approximately 300 kDa protein from T-47D cell lysates. HECT family proteins function as E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases, targeting specific proteins for ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. EDD is likely to function as an E3 as in vitro translated protein bound ubiquitin reversibly through a conserved HECT domain cysteine residue. EDD was localized by FISH to chromosome 8q22, a locus disrupted in a variety of cancers. Given the homology between EDD and the hyperplastic discs protein, which is required for control of imaginal disc growth in Drosophila, EDD potentially has a role in regulation of cell proliferation or differentiation.	[ "Identification", "of", "a", "human", "HECT", "family", "protein", "with", "homology", "to", "the", "Drosophila", "tumor", "suppressor", "gene", "hyperplastic", "discs", ".", "Use", "of", "the", "differential", "display", "technique", "to", "isolate", "progestin", "-", "regulated", "genes", "in", "T-47D", "human", "breast", "cancer", "cells", "led", "to", "identification", "of", "a", "novel", "gene", ",", "EDD", ".", "The", "cDNA", "sequence", "contains", "a", "2799", "amino", "acid", "open", "reading", "frame", "sharing", "40", "%", "identity", "with", "the", "predicted", "2894", "amino", "acid", "product", "of", "the", "Drosophila", "melanogaster", "tumor", "suppressor", "gene", "hyperplastic", "discs", ",", "while", "the", "carboxy", "-", "terminal", "889", "amino", "acids", "show", "96", "%", "identity", "to", "a", "rat", "100", "kDa", "HECT", "domain", "protein", ".", "EDD", "mRNA", "was", "progestin", "-", "induced", "in", "T-47D", "cells", "and", "was", "highly", "abundant", "in", "testes", "and", "expressed", "at", "moderately", "high", "levels", "in", "other", "tissues", ",", "suggesting", "a", "broad", "role", "for", "EDD", ".", "Anti", "-", "EDD", "antibodies", "immunoprecipitated", "an", "approximately", "300", "kDa", "protein", "from", "T-47D", "cell", "lysates", ".", "HECT", "family", "proteins", "function", "as", "E3", "ubiquitin", "-", "protein", "ligases", ",", "targeting", "specific", "proteins", "for", "ubiquitin", "-", "mediated", "proteolysis", ".", "EDD", "is", "likely", "to", "function", "as", "an", "E3", "as", "in", "vitro", "translated", "protein", "bound", "ubiquitin", "reversibly", "through", "a", "conserved", "HECT", "domain", "cysteine", "residue", ".", "EDD", "was", "localized", "by", "FISH", "to", "chromosome", "8q22", ",", "a", "locus", "disrupted", "in", "a", "variety", "of", "cancers", ".", "Given", "the", "homology", "between", "EDD", "and", "the", "hyperplastic", "discs", "protein", ",", "which", "is", "required", "for", "control", "of", "imaginal", "disc", "growth", "in", "Drosophila", ",", "EDD", "potentially", "has", "a", "role", "in", "regulation", "of", "cell", "proliferation", "or", "differentiation", ".", "\n" ]	[ "Enzyme", "Protein", "Eukaryote", "Gene", "Cell", "AminoAcid", "Chromosome", "ProteinIdentification", "Tissue", "ProteinDomain", "Chemical", "MessengerRNA" ]
Identification, human, HECT family protein, Drosophila, tumor suppressor gene, hyperplastic discs, progestin, genes, T-47D, human, breast cancer cells, EDD, Drosophila melanogaster, tumor suppressor gene, hyperplastic discs, rat, HECT domain protein, EDD mRNA, progestin, T-47D cells, testes, EDD, protein, T-47D cell, HECT family proteins, E3 ubiquitin - protein ligases, ubiquitin, EDD, E3, ubiquitin, HECT domain, cysteine residue, EDD, chromosome 8q22, EDD, hyperplastic discs protein, imaginal disc, Drosophila, EDD	12_task2	Sentence: Identification of a human HECT family protein with homology to the Drosophila tumor suppressor gene hyperplastic discs. Use of the differential display technique to isolate progestin-regulated genes in T-47D human breast cancer cells led to identification of a novel gene, EDD. The cDNA sequence contains a 2799 amino acid open reading frame sharing 40% identity with the predicted 2894 amino acid product of the Drosophila melanogaster tumor suppressor gene hyperplastic discs, while the carboxy-terminal 889 amino acids show 96% identity to a rat 100 kDa HECT domain protein. EDD mRNA was progestin-induced in T-47D cells and was highly abundant in testes and expressed at moderately high levels in other tissues, suggesting a broad role for EDD. Anti-EDD antibodies immunoprecipitated an approximately 300 kDa protein from T-47D cell lysates. HECT family proteins function as E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases, targeting specific proteins for ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. EDD is likely to function as an E3 as in vitro translated protein bound ubiquitin reversibly through a conserved HECT domain cysteine residue. EDD was localized by FISH to chromosome 8q22, a locus disrupted in a variety of cancers. Given the homology between EDD and the hyperplastic discs protein, which is required for control of imaginal disc growth in Drosophila, EDD potentially has a role in regulation of cell proliferation or differentiation. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "B-ProteinIdentification", "O", "O", "B-Eukaryote", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Eukaryote", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Chemical", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "B-Cell", "B-Eukaryote", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Eukaryote", "I-Eukaryote", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Eukaryote", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-MessengerRNA", "I-MessengerRNA", "O", "B-Chemical", "O", "O", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Tissue", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Cell", "I-Cell", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Enzyme", "I-Enzyme", "I-Enzyme", "I-Enzyme", "I-Enzyme", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Enzyme", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-ProteinDomain", "I-ProteinDomain", "B-AminoAcid", "I-AminoAcid", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Chromosome", "I-Chromosome", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Tissue", "I-Tissue", "O", "O", "B-Eukaryote", "O", "B-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Identification of a human HECT family protein with homology to the Drosophila tumor suppressor gene hyperplastic discs. Use of the differential display technique to isolate progestin-regulated genes in T-47D human breast cancer cells led to identification of a novel gene, EDD. The cDNA sequence contains a 2799 amino acid open reading frame sharing 40% identity with the predicted 2894 amino acid product of the Drosophila melanogaster tumor suppressor gene hyperplastic discs, while the carboxy-terminal 889 amino acids show 96% identity to a rat 100 kDa HECT domain protein. EDD mRNA was progestin-induced in T-47D cells and was highly abundant in testes and expressed at moderately high levels in other tissues, suggesting a broad role for EDD. Anti-EDD antibodies immunoprecipitated an approximately 300 kDa protein from T-47D cell lysates. HECT family proteins function as E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases, targeting specific proteins for ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. EDD is likely to function as an E3 as in vitro translated protein bound ubiquitin reversibly through a conserved HECT domain cysteine residue. EDD was localized by FISH to chromosome 8q22, a locus disrupted in a variety of cancers. Given the homology between EDD and the hyperplastic discs protein, which is required for control of imaginal disc growth in Drosophila, EDD potentially has a role in regulation of cell proliferation or differentiation.	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IL-10 is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein, CD4 is a Protein, CD8 is a Protein, CD4 is a Protein, interferon - gamma is a Protein, IFN - gamma is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein, IL-12 is a Protein, IFN - gamma is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein, IFN - gamma is a Protein, type I IFN is a Protein, IFN - gamma is a Protein, T - box 21 is a Protein, T - bet is a Protein, STAT4 is a Protein, IRAK is a Protein, IFN - gamma is a Protein, IL-4 is a Protein, IL-5 is a Protein, IL-13 is a Protein, IL-4 is a Protein, STAT6 is a Protein, GATA binding protein ( GATA)-3 is a Protein, IL-6 is a Protein, TGF - beta is a Protein, RORgammat is a Protein, IFN - gamma is a Protein, ERK1 is a Protein, ERK2 is a Protein, IL-4 is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein, CD4 is a Protein, STAT4 is a Protein, ERK1 is a Protein, ERK2 is a Protein, ERK1 is a Protein, ERK2 is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein	66_task0	Sentence: Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a cytokine with broad anti-inflammatory properties that inhibits macrophage and dendritic cell (DC) function (Moore et al., 2001). IL-10 limits the immune and inflammatory responses to pathogens and gut flora and prevents damage to the host (Moore et al., 2001; O'Garra and Vieira, 2004), but when dysregulated may result in chronic infection (Brooks et al., 2006; Ejrnaes et al., 2006; Moore et al., 2001). IL-10 is expressed by T helper 2 (Th2) cells, B cells, DCs, and macrophages (Moore et al., 2001), and also by Th1 cells (Anderson et al., 2007; Assenmacher et al., 1994; Del Prete et al., 1993; Gerosa et al., 1996; Jankovic et al., 2007; Pohl-Koppe et al., 1998) and (reviewed in O'Garra and Vieira, 2007; Trinchieri, 2007), certain regulatory (Treg) T cells (Moore et al., 2001; O'Garra and Vieira, 2004; Roncarolo et al., 2006), and Th17 cells (Awasthi et al., 2007; Fitzgerald et al., 2007; McGeachy et al., 2007; Stumhofer et al., 2007). In vitro human CD4+ and CD8+ T cell clones, or mouse CD4+ T cells that produce both interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-10, can be differentiated by T cell receptor (TCR)-stimulation in the presence of IL-12 (Chang et al., 2007; Gerosa et al., 1996; Jeannin et al., 1996; Meyaard et al., 1996; Windhagen et al., 1996). Furthermore, Th1 cell clones coproducing IFN-gamma and IL-10 have been isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients (Gerosa et al., 1999). IL-10 production by Th1 cells was also reported in animals infected with Toxoplasma gondii (Jankovic et al., 2002; Shaw et al., 2006) or with Leishmania major (Anderson et al., 2007) and shown to be required for regulation of the immune response in these infections (Anderson et al., 2007; Jankovic et al., 2007). The relative amounts of IL-10 and IFN-gamma produced by Th1 cells may influence the balance between clearance and persistent infection with certain pathogens (Moore et al., 2001; Trinchieri, 2007), thus determining whether chronic infection or immunopathology ensues. Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell responses differentiate along distinct signaling pathways (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000; Ivanov et al., 2007; Stockinger and Veldhoen, 2007). Th1 cell development requires signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 activation, induced by type I IFN or IFN-gamma, the transcription factor T-box 21 (T-bet), and IL-12-induced STAT4 signaling, which can couple with IL-18-induced IRAK and NF-kappaB transcription factors to drive the high amounts of IFN-gamma required to eradicate intracellular pathogens (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000). Th2 cell development, with expression of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, requires IL-4, STAT6, and the transcription factor GATA binding protein (GATA)-3 (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000). The development of Th17 cells requires IL-6, TGF-beta, and the STAT3-dependent expression of the transcription factor RORgammat (Ivanov et al., 2007; Stockinger and Veldhoen, 2007). Th1 and Th2 cell responses can also be induced by varying the dose of antigen presented to the naive T cell by the antigen-presenting cell (APC). Whereas high doses of antigen, with sustained TCR signaling and extracellular-signal regulated (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation, result in Th1 cells producing IFN-gamma via an IL-12-independent mechanism, low doses of antigen, with transient ERK1 and ERK2 activation, favor Th2 responses and IL-4 secretion (Constant et al., 1995; Hosken et al., 1995; Jorritsma et al., 2003; Yamane et al., 2005). Because Th1 and Th2 cells cross regulate each other's development and function and can suppress Th17 cell responses, and all differentiate along distinct signaling pathways (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000; Stockinger and Veldhoen, 2007), IL-10 produced by all these Th cells may thus act as a feedback regulator to control the pathology associated with an overexuberant, albeit efficacious, inflammatory response. Whether IL-10 production by these different Th cell subsets is induced by independent and/or common mechanisms is unknown. Here, we showed that in vitro differentiation of IL-10-producing Th1 cells from naive CD4+ T cells required IL-12-induced STAT4 signaling, strong TCR activation (high antigen dose), and sustained ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, we showed that activation of ERK1 and ERK2 is a requirement for production of IL-10 by Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell subsets. This common but highly regulated pathway for IL-10 induction and maintenance ensures its function as a feedback loop to control damage to the host and also allows a protective response to ensue as opposed to chronic infection. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Protein	[ "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", 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"O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a cytokine with broad anti-inflammatory properties that inhibits macrophage and dendritic cell (DC) function (Moore et al., 2001). IL-10 limits the immune and inflammatory responses to pathogens and gut flora and prevents damage to the host (Moore et al., 2001; O'Garra and Vieira, 2004), but when dysregulated may result in chronic infection (Brooks et al., 2006; Ejrnaes et al., 2006; Moore et al., 2001). IL-10 is expressed by T helper 2 (Th2) cells, B cells, DCs, and macrophages (Moore et al., 2001), and also by Th1 cells (Anderson et al., 2007; Assenmacher et al., 1994; Del Prete et al., 1993; Gerosa et al., 1996; Jankovic et al., 2007; Pohl-Koppe et al., 1998) and (reviewed in O'Garra and Vieira, 2007; Trinchieri, 2007), certain regulatory (Treg) T cells (Moore et al., 2001; O'Garra and Vieira, 2004; Roncarolo et al., 2006), and Th17 cells (Awasthi et al., 2007; Fitzgerald et al., 2007; McGeachy et al., 2007; Stumhofer et al., 2007). In vitro human CD4+ and CD8+ T cell clones, or mouse CD4+ T cells that produce both interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-10, can be differentiated by T cell receptor (TCR)-stimulation in the presence of IL-12 (Chang et al., 2007; Gerosa et al., 1996; Jeannin et al., 1996; Meyaard et al., 1996; Windhagen et al., 1996). Furthermore, Th1 cell clones coproducing IFN-gamma and IL-10 have been isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients (Gerosa et al., 1999). IL-10 production by Th1 cells was also reported in animals infected with Toxoplasma gondii (Jankovic et al., 2002; Shaw et al., 2006) or with Leishmania major (Anderson et al., 2007) and shown to be required for regulation of the immune response in these infections (Anderson et al., 2007; Jankovic et al., 2007). The relative amounts of IL-10 and IFN-gamma produced by Th1 cells may influence the balance between clearance and persistent infection with certain pathogens (Moore et al., 2001; Trinchieri, 2007), thus determining whether chronic infection or immunopathology ensues. Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell responses differentiate along distinct signaling pathways (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000; Ivanov et al., 2007; Stockinger and Veldhoen, 2007). Th1 cell development requires signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 activation, induced by type I IFN or IFN-gamma, the transcription factor T-box 21 (T-bet), and IL-12-induced STAT4 signaling, which can couple with IL-18-induced IRAK and NF-kappaB transcription factors to drive the high amounts of IFN-gamma required to eradicate intracellular pathogens (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000). Th2 cell development, with expression of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, requires IL-4, STAT6, and the transcription factor GATA binding protein (GATA)-3 (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000). The development of Th17 cells requires IL-6, TGF-beta, and the STAT3-dependent expression of the transcription factor RORgammat (Ivanov et al., 2007; Stockinger and Veldhoen, 2007). Th1 and Th2 cell responses can also be induced by varying the dose of antigen presented to the naive T cell by the antigen-presenting cell (APC). Whereas high doses of antigen, with sustained TCR signaling and extracellular-signal regulated (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation, result in Th1 cells producing IFN-gamma via an IL-12-independent mechanism, low doses of antigen, with transient ERK1 and ERK2 activation, favor Th2 responses and IL-4 secretion (Constant et al., 1995; Hosken et al., 1995; Jorritsma et al., 2003; Yamane et al., 2005). Because Th1 and Th2 cells cross regulate each other's development and function and can suppress Th17 cell responses, and all differentiate along distinct signaling pathways (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000; Stockinger and Veldhoen, 2007), IL-10 produced by all these Th cells may thus act as a feedback regulator to control the pathology associated with an overexuberant, albeit efficacious, inflammatory response. Whether IL-10 production by these different Th cell subsets is induced by independent and/or common mechanisms is unknown. Here, we showed that in vitro differentiation of IL-10-producing Th1 cells from naive CD4+ T cells required IL-12-induced STAT4 signaling, strong TCR activation (high antigen dose), and sustained ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, we showed that activation of ERK1 and ERK2 is a requirement for production of IL-10 by Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell subsets. This common but highly regulated pathway for IL-10 induction and maintenance ensures its function as a feedback loop to control damage to the host and also allows a protective response to ensue as opposed to chronic infection.	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IL-10 is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein, CD4 is a Protein, CD8 is a Protein, CD4 is a Protein, interferon - gamma is a Protein, IFN - gamma is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein, IL-12 is a Protein, IFN - gamma is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein, IFN - gamma is a Protein, type I IFN is a Protein, IFN - gamma is a Protein, T - box 21 is a Protein, T - bet is a Protein, STAT4 is a Protein, IRAK is a Protein, IFN - gamma is a Protein, IL-4 is a Protein, IL-5 is a Protein, IL-13 is a Protein, IL-4 is a Protein, STAT6 is a Protein, GATA binding protein ( GATA)-3 is a Protein, IL-6 is a Protein, TGF - beta is a Protein, RORgammat is a Protein, IFN - gamma is a Protein, ERK1 is a Protein, ERK2 is a Protein, IL-4 is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein, CD4 is a Protein, STAT4 is a Protein, ERK1 is a Protein, ERK2 is a Protein, ERK1 is a Protein, ERK2 is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein	66_task1	Sentence: Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a cytokine with broad anti-inflammatory properties that inhibits macrophage and dendritic cell (DC) function (Moore et al., 2001). IL-10 limits the immune and inflammatory responses to pathogens and gut flora and prevents damage to the host (Moore et al., 2001; O'Garra and Vieira, 2004), but when dysregulated may result in chronic infection (Brooks et al., 2006; Ejrnaes et al., 2006; Moore et al., 2001). IL-10 is expressed by T helper 2 (Th2) cells, B cells, DCs, and macrophages (Moore et al., 2001), and also by Th1 cells (Anderson et al., 2007; Assenmacher et al., 1994; Del Prete et al., 1993; Gerosa et al., 1996; Jankovic et al., 2007; Pohl-Koppe et al., 1998) and (reviewed in O'Garra and Vieira, 2007; Trinchieri, 2007), certain regulatory (Treg) T cells (Moore et al., 2001; O'Garra and Vieira, 2004; Roncarolo et al., 2006), and Th17 cells (Awasthi et al., 2007; Fitzgerald et al., 2007; McGeachy et al., 2007; Stumhofer et al., 2007). In vitro human CD4+ and CD8+ T cell clones, or mouse CD4+ T cells that produce both interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-10, can be differentiated by T cell receptor (TCR)-stimulation in the presence of IL-12 (Chang et al., 2007; Gerosa et al., 1996; Jeannin et al., 1996; Meyaard et al., 1996; Windhagen et al., 1996). Furthermore, Th1 cell clones coproducing IFN-gamma and IL-10 have been isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients (Gerosa et al., 1999). IL-10 production by Th1 cells was also reported in animals infected with Toxoplasma gondii (Jankovic et al., 2002; Shaw et al., 2006) or with Leishmania major (Anderson et al., 2007) and shown to be required for regulation of the immune response in these infections (Anderson et al., 2007; Jankovic et al., 2007). The relative amounts of IL-10 and IFN-gamma produced by Th1 cells may influence the balance between clearance and persistent infection with certain pathogens (Moore et al., 2001; Trinchieri, 2007), thus determining whether chronic infection or immunopathology ensues. Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell responses differentiate along distinct signaling pathways (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000; Ivanov et al., 2007; Stockinger and Veldhoen, 2007). Th1 cell development requires signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 activation, induced by type I IFN or IFN-gamma, the transcription factor T-box 21 (T-bet), and IL-12-induced STAT4 signaling, which can couple with IL-18-induced IRAK and NF-kappaB transcription factors to drive the high amounts of IFN-gamma required to eradicate intracellular pathogens (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000). Th2 cell development, with expression of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, requires IL-4, STAT6, and the transcription factor GATA binding protein (GATA)-3 (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000). The development of Th17 cells requires IL-6, TGF-beta, and the STAT3-dependent expression of the transcription factor RORgammat (Ivanov et al., 2007; Stockinger and Veldhoen, 2007). Th1 and Th2 cell responses can also be induced by varying the dose of antigen presented to the naive T cell by the antigen-presenting cell (APC). Whereas high doses of antigen, with sustained TCR signaling and extracellular-signal regulated (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation, result in Th1 cells producing IFN-gamma via an IL-12-independent mechanism, low doses of antigen, with transient ERK1 and ERK2 activation, favor Th2 responses and IL-4 secretion (Constant et al., 1995; Hosken et al., 1995; Jorritsma et al., 2003; Yamane et al., 2005). Because Th1 and Th2 cells cross regulate each other's development and function and can suppress Th17 cell responses, and all differentiate along distinct signaling pathways (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000; Stockinger and Veldhoen, 2007), IL-10 produced by all these Th cells may thus act as a feedback regulator to control the pathology associated with an overexuberant, albeit efficacious, inflammatory response. Whether IL-10 production by these different Th cell subsets is induced by independent and/or common mechanisms is unknown. Here, we showed that in vitro differentiation of IL-10-producing Th1 cells from naive CD4+ T cells required IL-12-induced STAT4 signaling, strong TCR activation (high antigen dose), and sustained ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, we showed that activation of ERK1 and ERK2 is a requirement for production of IL-10 by Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell subsets. This common but highly regulated pathway for IL-10 induction and maintenance ensures its function as a feedback loop to control damage to the host and also allows a protective response to ensue as opposed to chronic infection. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: IL-10, IL-10, IL-10, CD4, CD8, CD4, interferon - gamma, IFN - gamma, IL-10, IL-12, IFN - gamma, IL-10, IL-10, IL-10, IFN - gamma, type I IFN, IFN - gamma, T - box 21, T - bet, STAT4, IRAK, IFN - gamma, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-4, STAT6, GATA binding protein ( GATA)-3, IL-6, TGF - beta, RORgammat, IFN - gamma, ERK1, ERK2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-10, CD4, STAT4, ERK1, ERK2, ERK1, ERK2, IL-10, IL-10 Options: Protein	[ "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", 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"O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a cytokine with broad anti-inflammatory properties that inhibits macrophage and dendritic cell (DC) function (Moore et al., 2001). IL-10 limits the immune and inflammatory responses to pathogens and gut flora and prevents damage to the host (Moore et al., 2001; O'Garra and Vieira, 2004), but when dysregulated may result in chronic infection (Brooks et al., 2006; Ejrnaes et al., 2006; Moore et al., 2001). IL-10 is expressed by T helper 2 (Th2) cells, B cells, DCs, and macrophages (Moore et al., 2001), and also by Th1 cells (Anderson et al., 2007; Assenmacher et al., 1994; Del Prete et al., 1993; Gerosa et al., 1996; Jankovic et al., 2007; Pohl-Koppe et al., 1998) and (reviewed in O'Garra and Vieira, 2007; Trinchieri, 2007), certain regulatory (Treg) T cells (Moore et al., 2001; O'Garra and Vieira, 2004; Roncarolo et al., 2006), and Th17 cells (Awasthi et al., 2007; Fitzgerald et al., 2007; McGeachy et al., 2007; Stumhofer et al., 2007). In vitro human CD4+ and CD8+ T cell clones, or mouse CD4+ T cells that produce both interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-10, can be differentiated by T cell receptor (TCR)-stimulation in the presence of IL-12 (Chang et al., 2007; Gerosa et al., 1996; Jeannin et al., 1996; Meyaard et al., 1996; Windhagen et al., 1996). Furthermore, Th1 cell clones coproducing IFN-gamma and IL-10 have been isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients (Gerosa et al., 1999). IL-10 production by Th1 cells was also reported in animals infected with Toxoplasma gondii (Jankovic et al., 2002; Shaw et al., 2006) or with Leishmania major (Anderson et al., 2007) and shown to be required for regulation of the immune response in these infections (Anderson et al., 2007; Jankovic et al., 2007). The relative amounts of IL-10 and IFN-gamma produced by Th1 cells may influence the balance between clearance and persistent infection with certain pathogens (Moore et al., 2001; Trinchieri, 2007), thus determining whether chronic infection or immunopathology ensues. Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell responses differentiate along distinct signaling pathways (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000; Ivanov et al., 2007; Stockinger and Veldhoen, 2007). Th1 cell development requires signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 activation, induced by type I IFN or IFN-gamma, the transcription factor T-box 21 (T-bet), and IL-12-induced STAT4 signaling, which can couple with IL-18-induced IRAK and NF-kappaB transcription factors to drive the high amounts of IFN-gamma required to eradicate intracellular pathogens (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000). Th2 cell development, with expression of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, requires IL-4, STAT6, and the transcription factor GATA binding protein (GATA)-3 (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000). The development of Th17 cells requires IL-6, TGF-beta, and the STAT3-dependent expression of the transcription factor RORgammat (Ivanov et al., 2007; Stockinger and Veldhoen, 2007). Th1 and Th2 cell responses can also be induced by varying the dose of antigen presented to the naive T cell by the antigen-presenting cell (APC). Whereas high doses of antigen, with sustained TCR signaling and extracellular-signal regulated (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation, result in Th1 cells producing IFN-gamma via an IL-12-independent mechanism, low doses of antigen, with transient ERK1 and ERK2 activation, favor Th2 responses and IL-4 secretion (Constant et al., 1995; Hosken et al., 1995; Jorritsma et al., 2003; Yamane et al., 2005). Because Th1 and Th2 cells cross regulate each other's development and function and can suppress Th17 cell responses, and all differentiate along distinct signaling pathways (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000; Stockinger and Veldhoen, 2007), IL-10 produced by all these Th cells may thus act as a feedback regulator to control the pathology associated with an overexuberant, albeit efficacious, inflammatory response. Whether IL-10 production by these different Th cell subsets is induced by independent and/or common mechanisms is unknown. Here, we showed that in vitro differentiation of IL-10-producing Th1 cells from naive CD4+ T cells required IL-12-induced STAT4 signaling, strong TCR activation (high antigen dose), and sustained ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, we showed that activation of ERK1 and ERK2 is a requirement for production of IL-10 by Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell subsets. This common but highly regulated pathway for IL-10 induction and maintenance ensures its function as a feedback loop to control damage to the host and also allows a protective response to ensue as opposed to chronic infection.	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IL-10, IL-10, IL-10, CD4, CD8, CD4, interferon - gamma, IFN - gamma, IL-10, IL-12, IFN - gamma, IL-10, IL-10, IL-10, IFN - gamma, type I IFN, IFN - gamma, T - box 21, T - bet, STAT4, IRAK, IFN - gamma, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-4, STAT6, GATA binding protein ( GATA)-3, IL-6, TGF - beta, RORgammat, IFN - gamma, ERK1, ERK2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-10, CD4, STAT4, ERK1, ERK2, ERK1, ERK2, IL-10, IL-10	66_task2	Sentence: Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a cytokine with broad anti-inflammatory properties that inhibits macrophage and dendritic cell (DC) function (Moore et al., 2001). IL-10 limits the immune and inflammatory responses to pathogens and gut flora and prevents damage to the host (Moore et al., 2001; O'Garra and Vieira, 2004), but when dysregulated may result in chronic infection (Brooks et al., 2006; Ejrnaes et al., 2006; Moore et al., 2001). IL-10 is expressed by T helper 2 (Th2) cells, B cells, DCs, and macrophages (Moore et al., 2001), and also by Th1 cells (Anderson et al., 2007; Assenmacher et al., 1994; Del Prete et al., 1993; Gerosa et al., 1996; Jankovic et al., 2007; Pohl-Koppe et al., 1998) and (reviewed in O'Garra and Vieira, 2007; Trinchieri, 2007), certain regulatory (Treg) T cells (Moore et al., 2001; O'Garra and Vieira, 2004; Roncarolo et al., 2006), and Th17 cells (Awasthi et al., 2007; Fitzgerald et al., 2007; McGeachy et al., 2007; Stumhofer et al., 2007). In vitro human CD4+ and CD8+ T cell clones, or mouse CD4+ T cells that produce both interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-10, can be differentiated by T cell receptor (TCR)-stimulation in the presence of IL-12 (Chang et al., 2007; Gerosa et al., 1996; Jeannin et al., 1996; Meyaard et al., 1996; Windhagen et al., 1996). Furthermore, Th1 cell clones coproducing IFN-gamma and IL-10 have been isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients (Gerosa et al., 1999). IL-10 production by Th1 cells was also reported in animals infected with Toxoplasma gondii (Jankovic et al., 2002; Shaw et al., 2006) or with Leishmania major (Anderson et al., 2007) and shown to be required for regulation of the immune response in these infections (Anderson et al., 2007; Jankovic et al., 2007). The relative amounts of IL-10 and IFN-gamma produced by Th1 cells may influence the balance between clearance and persistent infection with certain pathogens (Moore et al., 2001; Trinchieri, 2007), thus determining whether chronic infection or immunopathology ensues. Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell responses differentiate along distinct signaling pathways (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000; Ivanov et al., 2007; Stockinger and Veldhoen, 2007). Th1 cell development requires signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 activation, induced by type I IFN or IFN-gamma, the transcription factor T-box 21 (T-bet), and IL-12-induced STAT4 signaling, which can couple with IL-18-induced IRAK and NF-kappaB transcription factors to drive the high amounts of IFN-gamma required to eradicate intracellular pathogens (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000). Th2 cell development, with expression of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, requires IL-4, STAT6, and the transcription factor GATA binding protein (GATA)-3 (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000). The development of Th17 cells requires IL-6, TGF-beta, and the STAT3-dependent expression of the transcription factor RORgammat (Ivanov et al., 2007; Stockinger and Veldhoen, 2007). Th1 and Th2 cell responses can also be induced by varying the dose of antigen presented to the naive T cell by the antigen-presenting cell (APC). Whereas high doses of antigen, with sustained TCR signaling and extracellular-signal regulated (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation, result in Th1 cells producing IFN-gamma via an IL-12-independent mechanism, low doses of antigen, with transient ERK1 and ERK2 activation, favor Th2 responses and IL-4 secretion (Constant et al., 1995; Hosken et al., 1995; Jorritsma et al., 2003; Yamane et al., 2005). Because Th1 and Th2 cells cross regulate each other's development and function and can suppress Th17 cell responses, and all differentiate along distinct signaling pathways (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000; Stockinger and Veldhoen, 2007), IL-10 produced by all these Th cells may thus act as a feedback regulator to control the pathology associated with an overexuberant, albeit efficacious, inflammatory response. Whether IL-10 production by these different Th cell subsets is induced by independent and/or common mechanisms is unknown. Here, we showed that in vitro differentiation of IL-10-producing Th1 cells from naive CD4+ T cells required IL-12-induced STAT4 signaling, strong TCR activation (high antigen dose), and sustained ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, we showed that activation of ERK1 and ERK2 is a requirement for production of IL-10 by Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell subsets. This common but highly regulated pathway for IL-10 induction and maintenance ensures its function as a feedback loop to control damage to the host and also allows a protective response to ensue as opposed to chronic infection. 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"O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a cytokine with broad anti-inflammatory properties that inhibits macrophage and dendritic cell (DC) function (Moore et al., 2001). IL-10 limits the immune and inflammatory responses to pathogens and gut flora and prevents damage to the host (Moore et al., 2001; O'Garra and Vieira, 2004), but when dysregulated may result in chronic infection (Brooks et al., 2006; Ejrnaes et al., 2006; Moore et al., 2001). IL-10 is expressed by T helper 2 (Th2) cells, B cells, DCs, and macrophages (Moore et al., 2001), and also by Th1 cells (Anderson et al., 2007; Assenmacher et al., 1994; Del Prete et al., 1993; Gerosa et al., 1996; Jankovic et al., 2007; Pohl-Koppe et al., 1998) and (reviewed in O'Garra and Vieira, 2007; Trinchieri, 2007), certain regulatory (Treg) T cells (Moore et al., 2001; O'Garra and Vieira, 2004; Roncarolo et al., 2006), and Th17 cells (Awasthi et al., 2007; Fitzgerald et al., 2007; McGeachy et al., 2007; Stumhofer et al., 2007). In vitro human CD4+ and CD8+ T cell clones, or mouse CD4+ T cells that produce both interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-10, can be differentiated by T cell receptor (TCR)-stimulation in the presence of IL-12 (Chang et al., 2007; Gerosa et al., 1996; Jeannin et al., 1996; Meyaard et al., 1996; Windhagen et al., 1996). Furthermore, Th1 cell clones coproducing IFN-gamma and IL-10 have been isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients (Gerosa et al., 1999). IL-10 production by Th1 cells was also reported in animals infected with Toxoplasma gondii (Jankovic et al., 2002; Shaw et al., 2006) or with Leishmania major (Anderson et al., 2007) and shown to be required for regulation of the immune response in these infections (Anderson et al., 2007; Jankovic et al., 2007). The relative amounts of IL-10 and IFN-gamma produced by Th1 cells may influence the balance between clearance and persistent infection with certain pathogens (Moore et al., 2001; Trinchieri, 2007), thus determining whether chronic infection or immunopathology ensues. Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell responses differentiate along distinct signaling pathways (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000; Ivanov et al., 2007; Stockinger and Veldhoen, 2007). Th1 cell development requires signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 activation, induced by type I IFN or IFN-gamma, the transcription factor T-box 21 (T-bet), and IL-12-induced STAT4 signaling, which can couple with IL-18-induced IRAK and NF-kappaB transcription factors to drive the high amounts of IFN-gamma required to eradicate intracellular pathogens (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000). Th2 cell development, with expression of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, requires IL-4, STAT6, and the transcription factor GATA binding protein (GATA)-3 (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000). The development of Th17 cells requires IL-6, TGF-beta, and the STAT3-dependent expression of the transcription factor RORgammat (Ivanov et al., 2007; Stockinger and Veldhoen, 2007). Th1 and Th2 cell responses can also be induced by varying the dose of antigen presented to the naive T cell by the antigen-presenting cell (APC). Whereas high doses of antigen, with sustained TCR signaling and extracellular-signal regulated (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation, result in Th1 cells producing IFN-gamma via an IL-12-independent mechanism, low doses of antigen, with transient ERK1 and ERK2 activation, favor Th2 responses and IL-4 secretion (Constant et al., 1995; Hosken et al., 1995; Jorritsma et al., 2003; Yamane et al., 2005). Because Th1 and Th2 cells cross regulate each other's development and function and can suppress Th17 cell responses, and all differentiate along distinct signaling pathways (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000; Stockinger and Veldhoen, 2007), IL-10 produced by all these Th cells may thus act as a feedback regulator to control the pathology associated with an overexuberant, albeit efficacious, inflammatory response. Whether IL-10 production by these different Th cell subsets is induced by independent and/or common mechanisms is unknown. Here, we showed that in vitro differentiation of IL-10-producing Th1 cells from naive CD4+ T cells required IL-12-induced STAT4 signaling, strong TCR activation (high antigen dose), and sustained ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, we showed that activation of ERK1 and ERK2 is a requirement for production of IL-10 by Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell subsets. This common but highly regulated pathway for IL-10 induction and maintenance ensures its function as a feedback loop to control damage to the host and also allows a protective response to ensue as opposed to chronic infection.	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I kappa B - alpha is a Protein, MAD-3 is a Protein, TNF - alpha is a Protein, I kappa B - alpha is a Protein, I kappa B - alpha is a Protein, I kappa B - alpha is a Protein, IL-8 is a Protein, IL-1 beta is a Protein, tuberculin is a Protein, I kappa B - alpha is a Protein, I kappa B - alpha is a Protein	793_task0	Sentence: Regulation of nuclear factor-kappa B and its inhibitor I kappa B-alpha/MAD-3 in monocytes by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and during human tuberculosis. Blood monocytes from patients with active tuberculosis are activated in vivo, as evidenced by an increase in the stimulated release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, and the spontaneous expression of IL-2R. Further, monocytes from patients demonstrate an augmented susceptibility to a productive infection with HIV-1 in vitro. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its components are strong signals to activate monocytes to production of cytokines. In this study we examined the basis of activation of monocytes during active tuberculosis and by M. tuberculosis. We found a constitutive degradation of I kappa B-alpha, the major cytoplasmic inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), in freshly isolated PBMC and monocytes from patients with tuberculosis. In contrast, I kappa B-alpha levels in PBMC and monocytes from healthy subjects or from patients with nontuberculous pulmonary conditions were intact. Further, by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, NF-kappa B was activated in monocytes from tuberculous patients. The expression of I kappa B-alpha gene, which is responsive to activation by NF-kappa B, was up-regulated in PBMC and monocytes from patients, but not in mononuclear cells from healthy subjects or those with nontuberculous lung diseases. By contrast, the expression of other adherence-associated early genes, such as IL-8 and IL-1 beta, was not up-regulated in PBMC of tuberculous patients. Further, M. tuberculosis and its tuberculin, purified protein derivative, induced the degradation of I kappa B-alpha and the expression of I kappa B-alpha mRNA, and purified protein derivative induced the activation of NF-kappa B in monocytes. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Regulation of nuclear factor-kappa B and its inhibitor I kappa B-alpha/MAD-3 in monocytes by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and during human tuberculosis. Blood monocytes from patients with active tuberculosis are activated in vivo, as evidenced by an increase in the stimulated release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, and the spontaneous expression of IL-2R. Further, monocytes from patients demonstrate an augmented susceptibility to a productive infection with HIV-1 in vitro. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its components are strong signals to activate monocytes to production of cytokines. In this study we examined the basis of activation of monocytes during active tuberculosis and by M. tuberculosis. We found a constitutive degradation of I kappa B-alpha, the major cytoplasmic inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), in freshly isolated PBMC and monocytes from patients with tuberculosis. In contrast, I kappa B-alpha levels in PBMC and monocytes from healthy subjects or from patients with nontuberculous pulmonary conditions were intact. Further, by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, NF-kappa B was activated in monocytes from tuberculous patients. The expression of I kappa B-alpha gene, which is responsive to activation by NF-kappa B, was up-regulated in PBMC and monocytes from patients, but not in mononuclear cells from healthy subjects or those with nontuberculous lung diseases. By contrast, the expression of other adherence-associated early genes, such as IL-8 and IL-1 beta, was not up-regulated in PBMC of tuberculous patients. Further, M. tuberculosis and its tuberculin, purified protein derivative, induced the degradation of I kappa B-alpha and the expression of I kappa B-alpha mRNA, and purified protein derivative induced the activation of NF-kappa B in monocytes.	[ "Regulation", "of", "nuclear", "factor", "-", "kappa", "B", "and", "its", "inhibitor", "I", "kappa", "B", "-", "alpha", "/", "MAD-3", "in", "monocytes", "by", "Mycobacterium", "tuberculosis", "and", "during", "human", "tuberculosis", ".", "\n", "Blood", "monocytes", "from", "patients", "with", "active", "tuberculosis", "are", "activated", "in", "vivo", ",", "as", "evidenced", "by", "an", "increase", "in", "the", "stimulated", "release", "of", "proinflammatory", "cytokines", ",", "such", "as", "TNF", "-", "alpha", ",", "and", "the", "spontaneous", "expression", "of", "IL-2R.", "Further", ",", "monocytes", "from", "patients", "demonstrate", "an", "augmented", "susceptibility", "to", "a", "productive", "infection", "with", "HIV-1", "in", "vitro", ".", "Mycobacterium", "tuberculosis", "and", "its", "components", "are", "strong", "signals", "to", "activate", "monocytes", "to", "production", "of", "cytokines", ".", "In", "this", "study", "we", "examined", "the", "basis", "of", "activation", "of", "monocytes", "during", "active", "tuberculosis", "and", "by", "M.", "tuberculosis", ".", "We", "found", "a", "constitutive", "degradation", "of", "I", "kappa", "B", "-", "alpha", ",", "the", "major", "cytoplasmic", "inhibitor", "of", "nuclear", "factor", "kappa", "B", "(", "NF", "-", "kappa", "B", ")", ",", "in", "freshly", "isolated", "PBMC", "and", "monocytes", "from", "patients", "with", "tuberculosis", ".", "In", "contrast", ",", "I", "kappa", "B", "-", "alpha", "levels", "in", "PBMC", "and", "monocytes", "from", "healthy", "subjects", "or", "from", "patients", "with", "nontuberculous", "pulmonary", "conditions", "were", "intact", ".", "Further", ",", "by", "electrophoretic", "mobility", "shift", "assay", ",", "NF", "-", "kappa", "B", "was", "activated", "in", "monocytes", "from", "tuberculous", "patients", ".", "The", "expression", "of", "I", "kappa", "B", "-", "alpha", "gene", ",", "which", "is", "responsive", "to", "activation", "by", "NF", "-", "kappa", "B", ",", "was", "up", "-", "regulated", "in", "PBMC", "and", "monocytes", "from", "patients", ",", "but", "not", "in", "mononuclear", "cells", "from", "healthy", "subjects", "or", "those", "with", "nontuberculous", "lung", "diseases", ".", "By", "contrast", ",", "the", "expression", "of", "other", "adherence", "-", "associated", "early", "genes", ",", "such", "as", "IL-8", "and", "IL-1", "beta", ",", "was", "not", "up", "-", "regulated", "in", "PBMC", "of", "tuberculous", "patients", ".", "Further", ",", "M.", "tuberculosis", "and", "its", "tuberculin", ",", "purified", "protein", "derivative", ",", "induced", "the", "degradation", "of", "I", "kappa", "B", "-", "alpha", "and", "the", "expression", "of", "I", "kappa", "B", "-", "alpha", "mRNA", ",", "and", "purified", "protein", "derivative", "induced", "the", "activation", "of", "NF", "-", "kappa", "B", "in", "monocytes", "." ]	[ "Protein" ]
I kappa B - alpha is a Protein, MAD-3 is a Protein, TNF - alpha is a Protein, I kappa B - alpha is a Protein, I kappa B - alpha is a Protein, I kappa B - alpha is a Protein, IL-8 is a Protein, IL-1 beta is a Protein, tuberculin is a Protein, I kappa B - alpha is a Protein, I kappa B - alpha is a Protein	793_task1	Sentence: Regulation of nuclear factor-kappa B and its inhibitor I kappa B-alpha/MAD-3 in monocytes by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and during human tuberculosis. Blood monocytes from patients with active tuberculosis are activated in vivo, as evidenced by an increase in the stimulated release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, and the spontaneous expression of IL-2R. Further, monocytes from patients demonstrate an augmented susceptibility to a productive infection with HIV-1 in vitro. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its components are strong signals to activate monocytes to production of cytokines. In this study we examined the basis of activation of monocytes during active tuberculosis and by M. tuberculosis. We found a constitutive degradation of I kappa B-alpha, the major cytoplasmic inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), in freshly isolated PBMC and monocytes from patients with tuberculosis. In contrast, I kappa B-alpha levels in PBMC and monocytes from healthy subjects or from patients with nontuberculous pulmonary conditions were intact. Further, by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, NF-kappa B was activated in monocytes from tuberculous patients. The expression of I kappa B-alpha gene, which is responsive to activation by NF-kappa B, was up-regulated in PBMC and monocytes from patients, but not in mononuclear cells from healthy subjects or those with nontuberculous lung diseases. By contrast, the expression of other adherence-associated early genes, such as IL-8 and IL-1 beta, was not up-regulated in PBMC of tuberculous patients. Further, M. tuberculosis and its tuberculin, purified protein derivative, induced the degradation of I kappa B-alpha and the expression of I kappa B-alpha mRNA, and purified protein derivative induced the activation of NF-kappa B in monocytes. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: I kappa B - alpha, MAD-3, TNF - alpha, I kappa B - alpha, I kappa B - alpha, I kappa B - alpha, IL-8, IL-1 beta, tuberculin, I kappa B - alpha, I kappa B - alpha Options: Protein	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Regulation of nuclear factor-kappa B and its inhibitor I kappa B-alpha/MAD-3 in monocytes by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and during human tuberculosis. Blood monocytes from patients with active tuberculosis are activated in vivo, as evidenced by an increase in the stimulated release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, and the spontaneous expression of IL-2R. Further, monocytes from patients demonstrate an augmented susceptibility to a productive infection with HIV-1 in vitro. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its components are strong signals to activate monocytes to production of cytokines. In this study we examined the basis of activation of monocytes during active tuberculosis and by M. tuberculosis. We found a constitutive degradation of I kappa B-alpha, the major cytoplasmic inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), in freshly isolated PBMC and monocytes from patients with tuberculosis. In contrast, I kappa B-alpha levels in PBMC and monocytes from healthy subjects or from patients with nontuberculous pulmonary conditions were intact. Further, by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, NF-kappa B was activated in monocytes from tuberculous patients. The expression of I kappa B-alpha gene, which is responsive to activation by NF-kappa B, was up-regulated in PBMC and monocytes from patients, but not in mononuclear cells from healthy subjects or those with nontuberculous lung diseases. By contrast, the expression of other adherence-associated early genes, such as IL-8 and IL-1 beta, was not up-regulated in PBMC of tuberculous patients. Further, M. tuberculosis and its tuberculin, purified protein derivative, induced the degradation of I kappa B-alpha and the expression of I kappa B-alpha mRNA, and purified protein derivative induced the activation of NF-kappa B in monocytes.	[ "Regulation", "of", "nuclear", "factor", "-", "kappa", "B", "and", "its", "inhibitor", "I", "kappa", "B", "-", "alpha", "/", "MAD-3", "in", "monocytes", "by", "Mycobacterium", "tuberculosis", "and", "during", "human", "tuberculosis", ".", "\n", "Blood", "monocytes", "from", "patients", "with", "active", "tuberculosis", "are", "activated", "in", "vivo", ",", "as", "evidenced", "by", "an", "increase", "in", "the", "stimulated", "release", "of", "proinflammatory", "cytokines", ",", "such", "as", "TNF", "-", "alpha", ",", "and", "the", "spontaneous", "expression", "of", "IL-2R.", "Further", ",", "monocytes", "from", "patients", "demonstrate", "an", "augmented", "susceptibility", "to", "a", "productive", "infection", "with", "HIV-1", "in", "vitro", ".", "Mycobacterium", "tuberculosis", "and", "its", "components", "are", "strong", "signals", "to", "activate", "monocytes", "to", "production", "of", "cytokines", ".", "In", "this", "study", "we", "examined", "the", "basis", "of", "activation", "of", "monocytes", "during", "active", "tuberculosis", "and", "by", "M.", "tuberculosis", ".", "We", "found", "a", "constitutive", "degradation", "of", "I", "kappa", "B", "-", "alpha", ",", "the", "major", "cytoplasmic", "inhibitor", "of", "nuclear", "factor", "kappa", "B", "(", "NF", "-", "kappa", "B", ")", ",", "in", "freshly", "isolated", "PBMC", "and", "monocytes", "from", "patients", "with", "tuberculosis", ".", "In", "contrast", ",", "I", "kappa", "B", "-", "alpha", "levels", "in", "PBMC", "and", "monocytes", "from", "healthy", "subjects", "or", "from", "patients", "with", "nontuberculous", "pulmonary", "conditions", "were", "intact", ".", "Further", ",", "by", "electrophoretic", "mobility", "shift", "assay", ",", "NF", "-", "kappa", "B", "was", "activated", "in", "monocytes", "from", "tuberculous", "patients", ".", "The", "expression", "of", "I", "kappa", "B", "-", "alpha", "gene", ",", "which", "is", "responsive", "to", "activation", "by", "NF", "-", "kappa", "B", ",", "was", "up", "-", "regulated", "in", "PBMC", "and", "monocytes", "from", "patients", ",", "but", "not", "in", "mononuclear", "cells", "from", "healthy", "subjects", "or", "those", "with", "nontuberculous", "lung", "diseases", ".", "By", "contrast", ",", "the", "expression", "of", "other", "adherence", "-", "associated", "early", "genes", ",", "such", "as", "IL-8", "and", "IL-1", "beta", ",", "was", "not", "up", "-", "regulated", "in", "PBMC", "of", "tuberculous", "patients", ".", "Further", ",", "M.", "tuberculosis", "and", "its", "tuberculin", ",", "purified", "protein", "derivative", ",", "induced", "the", "degradation", "of", "I", "kappa", "B", "-", "alpha", "and", "the", "expression", "of", "I", "kappa", "B", "-", "alpha", "mRNA", ",", "and", "purified", "protein", "derivative", "induced", "the", "activation", "of", "NF", "-", "kappa", "B", "in", "monocytes", "." ]	[ "Protein" ]
I kappa B - alpha, MAD-3, TNF - alpha, I kappa B - alpha, I kappa B - alpha, I kappa B - alpha, IL-8, IL-1 beta, tuberculin, I kappa B - alpha, I kappa B - alpha	793_task2	Sentence: Regulation of nuclear factor-kappa B and its inhibitor I kappa B-alpha/MAD-3 in monocytes by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and during human tuberculosis. Blood monocytes from patients with active tuberculosis are activated in vivo, as evidenced by an increase in the stimulated release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, and the spontaneous expression of IL-2R. Further, monocytes from patients demonstrate an augmented susceptibility to a productive infection with HIV-1 in vitro. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its components are strong signals to activate monocytes to production of cytokines. In this study we examined the basis of activation of monocytes during active tuberculosis and by M. tuberculosis. We found a constitutive degradation of I kappa B-alpha, the major cytoplasmic inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), in freshly isolated PBMC and monocytes from patients with tuberculosis. In contrast, I kappa B-alpha levels in PBMC and monocytes from healthy subjects or from patients with nontuberculous pulmonary conditions were intact. Further, by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, NF-kappa B was activated in monocytes from tuberculous patients. The expression of I kappa B-alpha gene, which is responsive to activation by NF-kappa B, was up-regulated in PBMC and monocytes from patients, but not in mononuclear cells from healthy subjects or those with nontuberculous lung diseases. By contrast, the expression of other adherence-associated early genes, such as IL-8 and IL-1 beta, was not up-regulated in PBMC of tuberculous patients. Further, M. tuberculosis and its tuberculin, purified protein derivative, induced the degradation of I kappa B-alpha and the expression of I kappa B-alpha mRNA, and purified protein derivative induced the activation of NF-kappa B in monocytes. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence	[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "I-Protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]	Regulation of nuclear factor-kappa B and its inhibitor I kappa B-alpha/MAD-3 in monocytes by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and during human tuberculosis. Blood monocytes from patients with active tuberculosis are activated in vivo, as evidenced by an increase in the stimulated release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, and the spontaneous expression of IL-2R. Further, monocytes from patients demonstrate an augmented susceptibility to a productive infection with HIV-1 in vitro. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its components are strong signals to activate monocytes to production of cytokines. In this study we examined the basis of activation of monocytes during active tuberculosis and by M. tuberculosis. We found a constitutive degradation of I kappa B-alpha, the major cytoplasmic inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), in freshly isolated PBMC and monocytes from patients with tuberculosis. In contrast, I kappa B-alpha levels in PBMC and monocytes from healthy subjects or from patients with nontuberculous pulmonary conditions were intact. Further, by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, NF-kappa B was activated in monocytes from tuberculous patients. The expression of I kappa B-alpha gene, which is responsive to activation by NF-kappa B, was up-regulated in PBMC and monocytes from patients, but not in mononuclear cells from healthy subjects or those with nontuberculous lung diseases. By contrast, the expression of other adherence-associated early genes, such as IL-8 and IL-1 beta, was not up-regulated in PBMC of tuberculous patients. Further, M. tuberculosis and its tuberculin, purified protein derivative, induced the degradation of I kappa B-alpha and the expression of I kappa B-alpha mRNA, and purified protein derivative induced the activation of NF-kappa B in monocytes.	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triglyceride

22532505_task2

Sentence: Extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis reduced body weight and blood triglyceride in db/db Mice. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis reduced body weight and blood triglyceride in db/db Mice.

[ "Extracts", "of", "Scutellaria", "baicalensis", "reduced", "body", "weight", "and", "blood", "triglyceride", "in", "db", "/", "db", "Mice", "." ]

[ "GENE-N", "CHEMICAL" ]

mycobacterium protein tyrosine phosphatase B is a GENE-N, 6-Hydroxy - benzofuran-5-carboxylic acid is a CHEMICAL

23305444_task0

Sentence: Discovery and evaluation of novel inhibitors of mycobacterium protein tyrosine phosphatase B from the 6-Hydroxy-benzofuran-5-carboxylic acid scaffold. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: GENE-N, CHEMICAL

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O" ]

Discovery and evaluation of novel inhibitors of mycobacterium protein tyrosine phosphatase B from the 6-Hydroxy-benzofuran-5-carboxylic acid scaffold.

[ "Discovery", "and", "evaluation", "of", "novel", "inhibitors", "of", "mycobacterium", "protein", "tyrosine", "phosphatase", "B", "from", "the", "6-Hydroxy", "-", "benzofuran-5-carboxylic", "acid", "scaffold", "." ]

[ "GENE-N", "CHEMICAL", "GENE-Y" ]

mycobacterium protein tyrosine phosphatase B is a GENE-N, 6-Hydroxy - benzofuran-5-carboxylic acid is a CHEMICAL

23305444_task1

Sentence: Discovery and evaluation of novel inhibitors of mycobacterium protein tyrosine phosphatase B from the 6-Hydroxy-benzofuran-5-carboxylic acid scaffold. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: mycobacterium protein tyrosine phosphatase B, 6-Hydroxy - benzofuran-5-carboxylic acid Options: GENE-N, CHEMICAL

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O" ]

Discovery and evaluation of novel inhibitors of mycobacterium protein tyrosine phosphatase B from the 6-Hydroxy-benzofuran-5-carboxylic acid scaffold.

[ "Discovery", "and", "evaluation", "of", "novel", "inhibitors", "of", "mycobacterium", "protein", "tyrosine", "phosphatase", "B", "from", "the", "6-Hydroxy", "-", "benzofuran-5-carboxylic", "acid", "scaffold", "." ]

[ "GENE-N", "CHEMICAL", "GENE-Y" ]

mycobacterium protein tyrosine phosphatase B, 6-Hydroxy - benzofuran-5-carboxylic acid

23305444_task2

Sentence: Discovery and evaluation of novel inhibitors of mycobacterium protein tyrosine phosphatase B from the 6-Hydroxy-benzofuran-5-carboxylic acid scaffold. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O" ]

Discovery and evaluation of novel inhibitors of mycobacterium protein tyrosine phosphatase B from the 6-Hydroxy-benzofuran-5-carboxylic acid scaffold.

[ "Discovery", "and", "evaluation", "of", "novel", "inhibitors", "of", "mycobacterium", "protein", "tyrosine", "phosphatase", "B", "from", "the", "6-Hydroxy", "-", "benzofuran-5-carboxylic", "acid", "scaffold", "." ]

[ "GENE-N", "CHEMICAL", "GENE-Y" ]

TIGR / Myocilin is a Gene

325_task0

Sentence: Prevalence of mutations in TIGR/Myocilin in patients with adult and juvenile primary open-angle glaucoma. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Gene

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Prevalence of mutations in TIGR/Myocilin in patients with adult and juvenile primary open-angle glaucoma.

[ "Prevalence", "of", "mutations", "in", "TIGR", "/", "Myocilin", "in", "patients", "with", "adult", "and", "juvenile", "primary", "open", "-", "angle", "glaucoma", ".", "\n" ]

[ "Gene" ]

TIGR / Myocilin is a Gene

325_task1

Sentence: Prevalence of mutations in TIGR/Myocilin in patients with adult and juvenile primary open-angle glaucoma. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: TIGR / Myocilin Options: Gene

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Prevalence of mutations in TIGR/Myocilin in patients with adult and juvenile primary open-angle glaucoma.

[ "Prevalence", "of", "mutations", "in", "TIGR", "/", "Myocilin", "in", "patients", "with", "adult", "and", "juvenile", "primary", "open", "-", "angle", "glaucoma", ".", "\n" ]

[ "Gene" ]

TIGR / Myocilin

325_task2

Sentence: Prevalence of mutations in TIGR/Myocilin in patients with adult and juvenile primary open-angle glaucoma. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene", "I-Gene", "I-Gene", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Prevalence of mutations in TIGR/Myocilin in patients with adult and juvenile primary open-angle glaucoma.

[ "Prevalence", "of", "mutations", "in", "TIGR", "/", "Myocilin", "in", "patients", "with", "adult", "and", "juvenile", "primary", "open", "-", "angle", "glaucoma", ".", "\n" ]

[ "Gene" ]

vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 is a Protein, VCAM-1 is a Protein, interleukin ( IL)-1 alpha is a Protein, VCAM-1 is a Protein, IL-1 alpha is a Protein, IL-1 beta is a Protein, IL-4 is a Protein, tumor necrosis factor is a Protein, TNF alpha is a Protein, E - selectin is a Protein, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 is a Protein, IL-6 is a Protein, IL-8 is a Protein, VCAM-1 is a Protein, VCAM-1 is a Protein, VCAM-1 is a Protein, VCAM-1 is a Protein

7542286_task0

Sentence: Nitric oxide decreases cytokine-induced endothelial activation. Nitric oxide selectively reduces endothelial expression of adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokines. To test the hypothesis that nitric oxide (NO) limits endothelial activation, we treated cytokine-stimulated human saphenous vein endothelial cells with several NO donors and assessed their effects on the inducible expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). In a concentration-dependent manner, NO inhibited interleukin (IL)-1 alpha-stimulated VCAM-1 expression by 35-55% as determined by cell surface enzyme immunoassays and flow cytometry. This inhibition was paralleled by reduced monocyte adhesion to endothelial monolayers in nonstatic assays, was unaffected by cGMP analogues, and was quantitatively similar after stimulation by either IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-4, tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha), or bacterial lipopolysaccharide. NO also decreased the endothelial expression of other leukocyte adhesion molecules (E-selectin and to a lesser extent, intercellular adhesion molecule-1) and secretable cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8). Inhibition of endogenous NO production by L-N-monomethyl-arginine also induced the expression of VCAM-1, but did not augment cytokine-induced VCAM-1 expression. Nuclear run-on assays, transfection studies using various VCAM-1 promoter reporter gene constructs, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that NO represses VCAM-1 gene transcription, in part, by inhibiting NF-kappa B. We propose that NO's ability to limit endothelial activation and inhibit monocyte adhesion may contribute to some of its antiatherogenic and antiinflammatory properties within the vessel wall. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Protein

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Nitric oxide decreases cytokine-induced endothelial activation. Nitric oxide selectively reduces endothelial expression of adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokines. To test the hypothesis that nitric oxide (NO) limits endothelial activation, we treated cytokine-stimulated human saphenous vein endothelial cells with several NO donors and assessed their effects on the inducible expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). In a concentration-dependent manner, NO inhibited interleukin (IL)-1 alpha-stimulated VCAM-1 expression by 35-55% as determined by cell surface enzyme immunoassays and flow cytometry. This inhibition was paralleled by reduced monocyte adhesion to endothelial monolayers in nonstatic assays, was unaffected by cGMP analogues, and was quantitatively similar after stimulation by either IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-4, tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha), or bacterial lipopolysaccharide. NO also decreased the endothelial expression of other leukocyte adhesion molecules (E-selectin and to a lesser extent, intercellular adhesion molecule-1) and secretable cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8). Inhibition of endogenous NO production by L-N-monomethyl-arginine also induced the expression of VCAM-1, but did not augment cytokine-induced VCAM-1 expression. Nuclear run-on assays, transfection studies using various VCAM-1 promoter reporter gene constructs, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that NO represses VCAM-1 gene transcription, in part, by inhibiting NF-kappa B. We propose that NO's ability to limit endothelial activation and inhibit monocyte adhesion may contribute to some of its antiatherogenic and antiinflammatory properties within the vessel wall.

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[ "Protein" ]

vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 is a Protein, VCAM-1 is a Protein, interleukin ( IL)-1 alpha is a Protein, VCAM-1 is a Protein, IL-1 alpha is a Protein, IL-1 beta is a Protein, IL-4 is a Protein, tumor necrosis factor is a Protein, TNF alpha is a Protein, E - selectin is a Protein, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 is a Protein, IL-6 is a Protein, IL-8 is a Protein, VCAM-1 is a Protein, VCAM-1 is a Protein, VCAM-1 is a Protein, VCAM-1 is a Protein

7542286_task1

Sentence: Nitric oxide decreases cytokine-induced endothelial activation. Nitric oxide selectively reduces endothelial expression of adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokines. To test the hypothesis that nitric oxide (NO) limits endothelial activation, we treated cytokine-stimulated human saphenous vein endothelial cells with several NO donors and assessed their effects on the inducible expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). In a concentration-dependent manner, NO inhibited interleukin (IL)-1 alpha-stimulated VCAM-1 expression by 35-55% as determined by cell surface enzyme immunoassays and flow cytometry. This inhibition was paralleled by reduced monocyte adhesion to endothelial monolayers in nonstatic assays, was unaffected by cGMP analogues, and was quantitatively similar after stimulation by either IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-4, tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha), or bacterial lipopolysaccharide. NO also decreased the endothelial expression of other leukocyte adhesion molecules (E-selectin and to a lesser extent, intercellular adhesion molecule-1) and secretable cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8). Inhibition of endogenous NO production by L-N-monomethyl-arginine also induced the expression of VCAM-1, but did not augment cytokine-induced VCAM-1 expression. Nuclear run-on assays, transfection studies using various VCAM-1 promoter reporter gene constructs, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that NO represses VCAM-1 gene transcription, in part, by inhibiting NF-kappa B. We propose that NO's ability to limit endothelial activation and inhibit monocyte adhesion may contribute to some of its antiatherogenic and antiinflammatory properties within the vessel wall. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, VCAM-1, interleukin ( IL)-1 alpha, VCAM-1, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-4, tumor necrosis factor, TNF alpha, E - selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, IL-6, IL-8, VCAM-1, VCAM-1, VCAM-1, VCAM-1 Options: Protein

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Nitric oxide decreases cytokine-induced endothelial activation. Nitric oxide selectively reduces endothelial expression of adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokines. To test the hypothesis that nitric oxide (NO) limits endothelial activation, we treated cytokine-stimulated human saphenous vein endothelial cells with several NO donors and assessed their effects on the inducible expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). In a concentration-dependent manner, NO inhibited interleukin (IL)-1 alpha-stimulated VCAM-1 expression by 35-55% as determined by cell surface enzyme immunoassays and flow cytometry. This inhibition was paralleled by reduced monocyte adhesion to endothelial monolayers in nonstatic assays, was unaffected by cGMP analogues, and was quantitatively similar after stimulation by either IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-4, tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha), or bacterial lipopolysaccharide. NO also decreased the endothelial expression of other leukocyte adhesion molecules (E-selectin and to a lesser extent, intercellular adhesion molecule-1) and secretable cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8). Inhibition of endogenous NO production by L-N-monomethyl-arginine also induced the expression of VCAM-1, but did not augment cytokine-induced VCAM-1 expression. Nuclear run-on assays, transfection studies using various VCAM-1 promoter reporter gene constructs, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that NO represses VCAM-1 gene transcription, in part, by inhibiting NF-kappa B. We propose that NO's ability to limit endothelial activation and inhibit monocyte adhesion may contribute to some of its antiatherogenic and antiinflammatory properties within the vessel wall.

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[ "Protein" ]

vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, VCAM-1, interleukin ( IL)-1 alpha, VCAM-1, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-4, tumor necrosis factor, TNF alpha, E - selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, IL-6, IL-8, VCAM-1, VCAM-1, VCAM-1, VCAM-1

7542286_task2

Sentence: Nitric oxide decreases cytokine-induced endothelial activation. Nitric oxide selectively reduces endothelial expression of adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokines. To test the hypothesis that nitric oxide (NO) limits endothelial activation, we treated cytokine-stimulated human saphenous vein endothelial cells with several NO donors and assessed their effects on the inducible expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). In a concentration-dependent manner, NO inhibited interleukin (IL)-1 alpha-stimulated VCAM-1 expression by 35-55% as determined by cell surface enzyme immunoassays and flow cytometry. This inhibition was paralleled by reduced monocyte adhesion to endothelial monolayers in nonstatic assays, was unaffected by cGMP analogues, and was quantitatively similar after stimulation by either IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-4, tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha), or bacterial lipopolysaccharide. NO also decreased the endothelial expression of other leukocyte adhesion molecules (E-selectin and to a lesser extent, intercellular adhesion molecule-1) and secretable cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8). Inhibition of endogenous NO production by L-N-monomethyl-arginine also induced the expression of VCAM-1, but did not augment cytokine-induced VCAM-1 expression. Nuclear run-on assays, transfection studies using various VCAM-1 promoter reporter gene constructs, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that NO represses VCAM-1 gene transcription, in part, by inhibiting NF-kappa B. We propose that NO's ability to limit endothelial activation and inhibit monocyte adhesion may contribute to some of its antiatherogenic and antiinflammatory properties within the vessel wall. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Nitric oxide decreases cytokine-induced endothelial activation. Nitric oxide selectively reduces endothelial expression of adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokines. To test the hypothesis that nitric oxide (NO) limits endothelial activation, we treated cytokine-stimulated human saphenous vein endothelial cells with several NO donors and assessed their effects on the inducible expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). In a concentration-dependent manner, NO inhibited interleukin (IL)-1 alpha-stimulated VCAM-1 expression by 35-55% as determined by cell surface enzyme immunoassays and flow cytometry. This inhibition was paralleled by reduced monocyte adhesion to endothelial monolayers in nonstatic assays, was unaffected by cGMP analogues, and was quantitatively similar after stimulation by either IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-4, tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha), or bacterial lipopolysaccharide. NO also decreased the endothelial expression of other leukocyte adhesion molecules (E-selectin and to a lesser extent, intercellular adhesion molecule-1) and secretable cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8). Inhibition of endogenous NO production by L-N-monomethyl-arginine also induced the expression of VCAM-1, but did not augment cytokine-induced VCAM-1 expression. Nuclear run-on assays, transfection studies using various VCAM-1 promoter reporter gene constructs, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that NO represses VCAM-1 gene transcription, in part, by inhibiting NF-kappa B. We propose that NO's ability to limit endothelial activation and inhibit monocyte adhesion may contribute to some of its antiatherogenic and antiinflammatory properties within the vessel wall.

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[ "Protein" ]

Contrast is an umlsterm, magnetic resonance angiography is an umlsterm, angiograms is an umlsterm, technique is an umlsterm, sets is an umlsterm, times is an umlsterm, Gd - DTPA is an umlsterm, vessels is an umlsterm, artifacts is an umlsterm, technique is an umlsterm, angiography is an umlsterm, abdominal aorta is an umlsterm, portal vein is an umlsterm, diagnostic is an umlsterm, aorta is an umlsterm, arteries is an umlsterm, portal vein is an umlsterm, angiography is an umlsterm, angiography is an umlsterm, imaging is an umlsterm, EPI is an umlsterm, hybrid is an umlsterm, techniques is an umlsterm, development is an umlsterm, times is an umlsterm, imaging is an umlsterm, vessel is an umlsterm, contrast is an umlsterm, use is an umlsterm, fat - suppression is an umlsterm

DerRadiologe.70370539.eng.abstr_task0

Sentence: Contrast enhanced ( CE ) magnetic resonance angiography ( MRA ) provides high resolution angiograms within 20-40 sec . The technique is based on the acquisition of heavily T1-weighted threedimensional ( 3D ) gradient-echo data sets ( FISP ) with ultrashort echo- ( 2 ms ) and repetition times ( 5 ms ) during the arterial phase of an intravenously injected bolus of a T1-shortening agent such as Gd-DTPA . For MR-angiography of abdominal vessels CE-MRA is better suited than " time-of-flight " ( TOF ) and phase-contrast ( PC ) MRA because motional artifacts can be obviated with breath-held acquisitions . We have optimised the technique and evaluated its potential for angiography of the abdominal aorta and its branches as well as the portal vein and its tributaries . Whilst CE-MRA provides reliable diagnostic accuracy in the aorta and the proximal sections of its branches , small peripheral arteries cannot be assessed accurately . The portal vein and its tributaries can often be depicted better with CE-MRA than with conventional angiography but , like conventional angiography , CE-MRA is hampered by slow and reversed flow , conditions under which TOF or " true FISP " MRA may perform bst . We have also investigated FLASH-echo-planar imaging ( EPI ) hybrid techniques , a further technical development which due to shorter acquisition times of 12-15 sec . allows semi-dynamic imaging of the arterial and venous phase and provide better vessel contrast due to the use of fat-suppression . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

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Contrast enhanced ( CE ) magnetic resonance angiography ( MRA ) provides high resolution angiograms within 20-40 sec . The technique is based on the acquisition of heavily T1-weighted threedimensional ( 3D ) gradient-echo data sets ( FISP ) with ultrashort echo- ( 2 ms ) and repetition times ( 5 ms ) during the arterial phase of an intravenously injected bolus of a T1-shortening agent such as Gd-DTPA . For MR-angiography of abdominal vessels CE-MRA is better suited than " time-of-flight " ( TOF ) and phase-contrast ( PC ) MRA because motional artifacts can be obviated with breath-held acquisitions . We have optimised the technique and evaluated its potential for angiography of the abdominal aorta and its branches as well as the portal vein and its tributaries . Whilst CE-MRA provides reliable diagnostic accuracy in the aorta and the proximal sections of its branches , small peripheral arteries cannot be assessed accurately . The portal vein and its tributaries can often be depicted better with CE-MRA than with conventional angiography but , like conventional angiography , CE-MRA is hampered by slow and reversed flow , conditions under which TOF or " true FISP " MRA may perform bst . We have also investigated FLASH-echo-planar imaging ( EPI ) hybrid techniques , a further technical development which due to shorter acquisition times of 12-15 sec . allows semi-dynamic imaging of the arterial and venous phase and provide better vessel contrast due to the use of fat-suppression .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Contrast is an umlsterm, magnetic resonance angiography is an umlsterm, angiograms is an umlsterm, technique is an umlsterm, sets is an umlsterm, times is an umlsterm, Gd - DTPA is an umlsterm, vessels is an umlsterm, artifacts is an umlsterm, technique is an umlsterm, angiography is an umlsterm, abdominal aorta is an umlsterm, portal vein is an umlsterm, diagnostic is an umlsterm, aorta is an umlsterm, arteries is an umlsterm, portal vein is an umlsterm, angiography is an umlsterm, angiography is an umlsterm, imaging is an umlsterm, EPI is an umlsterm, hybrid is an umlsterm, techniques is an umlsterm, development is an umlsterm, times is an umlsterm, imaging is an umlsterm, vessel is an umlsterm, contrast is an umlsterm, use is an umlsterm, fat - suppression is an umlsterm

DerRadiologe.70370539.eng.abstr_task1

Sentence: Contrast enhanced ( CE ) magnetic resonance angiography ( MRA ) provides high resolution angiograms within 20-40 sec . The technique is based on the acquisition of heavily T1-weighted threedimensional ( 3D ) gradient-echo data sets ( FISP ) with ultrashort echo- ( 2 ms ) and repetition times ( 5 ms ) during the arterial phase of an intravenously injected bolus of a T1-shortening agent such as Gd-DTPA . For MR-angiography of abdominal vessels CE-MRA is better suited than " time-of-flight " ( TOF ) and phase-contrast ( PC ) MRA because motional artifacts can be obviated with breath-held acquisitions . We have optimised the technique and evaluated its potential for angiography of the abdominal aorta and its branches as well as the portal vein and its tributaries . Whilst CE-MRA provides reliable diagnostic accuracy in the aorta and the proximal sections of its branches , small peripheral arteries cannot be assessed accurately . The portal vein and its tributaries can often be depicted better with CE-MRA than with conventional angiography but , like conventional angiography , CE-MRA is hampered by slow and reversed flow , conditions under which TOF or " true FISP " MRA may perform bst . We have also investigated FLASH-echo-planar imaging ( EPI ) hybrid techniques , a further technical development which due to shorter acquisition times of 12-15 sec . allows semi-dynamic imaging of the arterial and venous phase and provide better vessel contrast due to the use of fat-suppression . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Contrast, magnetic resonance angiography, angiograms, technique, sets, times, Gd - DTPA, vessels, artifacts, technique, angiography, abdominal aorta, portal vein, diagnostic, aorta, arteries, portal vein, angiography, angiography, imaging, EPI, hybrid, techniques, development, times, imaging, vessel, contrast, use, fat - suppression Options: umlsterm

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Contrast enhanced ( CE ) magnetic resonance angiography ( MRA ) provides high resolution angiograms within 20-40 sec . The technique is based on the acquisition of heavily T1-weighted threedimensional ( 3D ) gradient-echo data sets ( FISP ) with ultrashort echo- ( 2 ms ) and repetition times ( 5 ms ) during the arterial phase of an intravenously injected bolus of a T1-shortening agent such as Gd-DTPA . For MR-angiography of abdominal vessels CE-MRA is better suited than " time-of-flight " ( TOF ) and phase-contrast ( PC ) MRA because motional artifacts can be obviated with breath-held acquisitions . We have optimised the technique and evaluated its potential for angiography of the abdominal aorta and its branches as well as the portal vein and its tributaries . Whilst CE-MRA provides reliable diagnostic accuracy in the aorta and the proximal sections of its branches , small peripheral arteries cannot be assessed accurately . The portal vein and its tributaries can often be depicted better with CE-MRA than with conventional angiography but , like conventional angiography , CE-MRA is hampered by slow and reversed flow , conditions under which TOF or " true FISP " MRA may perform bst . We have also investigated FLASH-echo-planar imaging ( EPI ) hybrid techniques , a further technical development which due to shorter acquisition times of 12-15 sec . allows semi-dynamic imaging of the arterial and venous phase and provide better vessel contrast due to the use of fat-suppression .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Contrast, magnetic resonance angiography, angiograms, technique, sets, times, Gd - DTPA, vessels, artifacts, technique, angiography, abdominal aorta, portal vein, diagnostic, aorta, arteries, portal vein, angiography, angiography, imaging, EPI, hybrid, techniques, development, times, imaging, vessel, contrast, use, fat - suppression

DerRadiologe.70370539.eng.abstr_task2

Sentence: Contrast enhanced ( CE ) magnetic resonance angiography ( MRA ) provides high resolution angiograms within 20-40 sec . The technique is based on the acquisition of heavily T1-weighted threedimensional ( 3D ) gradient-echo data sets ( FISP ) with ultrashort echo- ( 2 ms ) and repetition times ( 5 ms ) during the arterial phase of an intravenously injected bolus of a T1-shortening agent such as Gd-DTPA . For MR-angiography of abdominal vessels CE-MRA is better suited than " time-of-flight " ( TOF ) and phase-contrast ( PC ) MRA because motional artifacts can be obviated with breath-held acquisitions . We have optimised the technique and evaluated its potential for angiography of the abdominal aorta and its branches as well as the portal vein and its tributaries . Whilst CE-MRA provides reliable diagnostic accuracy in the aorta and the proximal sections of its branches , small peripheral arteries cannot be assessed accurately . The portal vein and its tributaries can often be depicted better with CE-MRA than with conventional angiography but , like conventional angiography , CE-MRA is hampered by slow and reversed flow , conditions under which TOF or " true FISP " MRA may perform bst . We have also investigated FLASH-echo-planar imaging ( EPI ) hybrid techniques , a further technical development which due to shorter acquisition times of 12-15 sec . allows semi-dynamic imaging of the arterial and venous phase and provide better vessel contrast due to the use of fat-suppression . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Contrast enhanced ( CE ) magnetic resonance angiography ( MRA ) provides high resolution angiograms within 20-40 sec . The technique is based on the acquisition of heavily T1-weighted threedimensional ( 3D ) gradient-echo data sets ( FISP ) with ultrashort echo- ( 2 ms ) and repetition times ( 5 ms ) during the arterial phase of an intravenously injected bolus of a T1-shortening agent such as Gd-DTPA . For MR-angiography of abdominal vessels CE-MRA is better suited than " time-of-flight " ( TOF ) and phase-contrast ( PC ) MRA because motional artifacts can be obviated with breath-held acquisitions . We have optimised the technique and evaluated its potential for angiography of the abdominal aorta and its branches as well as the portal vein and its tributaries . Whilst CE-MRA provides reliable diagnostic accuracy in the aorta and the proximal sections of its branches , small peripheral arteries cannot be assessed accurately . The portal vein and its tributaries can often be depicted better with CE-MRA than with conventional angiography but , like conventional angiography , CE-MRA is hampered by slow and reversed flow , conditions under which TOF or " true FISP " MRA may perform bst . We have also investigated FLASH-echo-planar imaging ( EPI ) hybrid techniques , a further technical development which due to shorter acquisition times of 12-15 sec . allows semi-dynamic imaging of the arterial and venous phase and provide better vessel contrast due to the use of fat-suppression .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Nierenversagen is an umlsterm, haemolytischer Anaemie is an umlsterm, Thrombozytopenie is an umlsterm, Nierenbiopsie is an umlsterm, thrombotische Mikroangiopathie is an umlsterm, Behandlung is an umlsterm, Plasmaaustausch is an umlsterm, Therapie is an umlsterm, Haemodialyse is an umlsterm, Nierenfunktion is an umlsterm, Nierenversagen is an umlsterm, Behandlung is an umlsterm, Filtrationsrate is an umlsterm

MonatsschriftKinderheilkunde.71451176.ger.abstr_task0

Sentence: Ein 139/12 Jahre alter Knabe entwickelte 3 Monate nach Beginn einer Lupus-aehnlichen Systemerkrankung unter Prednisontherapie ein akutes Nierenversagen mit haemolytischer Anaemie und Thrombozytopenie . Die Nierenbiopsie zeigte eine thrombotische Mikroangiopathie . Unter Behandlung mit Plasmaaustausch , immunsuppressiver Therapie und Haemodialyse normalisierten sich die haematologischen Befunde , und die Nierenfunktion besserte sich . Die Cyclophosphamidtherapie wurde ueber 21/2 Jahre fortgesetzt . Drei Jahre nach dem akuten Nierenversagen ist der Junge unter antihypertensiver Behandlung symptomfrei und hat eine normale glomerulaere Filtrationsrate . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

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Ein 139/12 Jahre alter Knabe entwickelte 3 Monate nach Beginn einer Lupus-aehnlichen Systemerkrankung unter Prednisontherapie ein akutes Nierenversagen mit haemolytischer Anaemie und Thrombozytopenie . Die Nierenbiopsie zeigte eine thrombotische Mikroangiopathie . Unter Behandlung mit Plasmaaustausch , immunsuppressiver Therapie und Haemodialyse normalisierten sich die haematologischen Befunde , und die Nierenfunktion besserte sich . Die Cyclophosphamidtherapie wurde ueber 21/2 Jahre fortgesetzt . Drei Jahre nach dem akuten Nierenversagen ist der Junge unter antihypertensiver Behandlung symptomfrei und hat eine normale glomerulaere Filtrationsrate .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Nierenversagen is an umlsterm, haemolytischer Anaemie is an umlsterm, Thrombozytopenie is an umlsterm, Nierenbiopsie is an umlsterm, thrombotische Mikroangiopathie is an umlsterm, Behandlung is an umlsterm, Plasmaaustausch is an umlsterm, Therapie is an umlsterm, Haemodialyse is an umlsterm, Nierenfunktion is an umlsterm, Nierenversagen is an umlsterm, Behandlung is an umlsterm, Filtrationsrate is an umlsterm

MonatsschriftKinderheilkunde.71451176.ger.abstr_task1

Sentence: Ein 139/12 Jahre alter Knabe entwickelte 3 Monate nach Beginn einer Lupus-aehnlichen Systemerkrankung unter Prednisontherapie ein akutes Nierenversagen mit haemolytischer Anaemie und Thrombozytopenie . Die Nierenbiopsie zeigte eine thrombotische Mikroangiopathie . Unter Behandlung mit Plasmaaustausch , immunsuppressiver Therapie und Haemodialyse normalisierten sich die haematologischen Befunde , und die Nierenfunktion besserte sich . Die Cyclophosphamidtherapie wurde ueber 21/2 Jahre fortgesetzt . Drei Jahre nach dem akuten Nierenversagen ist der Junge unter antihypertensiver Behandlung symptomfrei und hat eine normale glomerulaere Filtrationsrate . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Nierenversagen, haemolytischer Anaemie, Thrombozytopenie, Nierenbiopsie, thrombotische Mikroangiopathie, Behandlung, Plasmaaustausch, Therapie, Haemodialyse, Nierenfunktion, Nierenversagen, Behandlung, Filtrationsrate Options: umlsterm

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Ein 139/12 Jahre alter Knabe entwickelte 3 Monate nach Beginn einer Lupus-aehnlichen Systemerkrankung unter Prednisontherapie ein akutes Nierenversagen mit haemolytischer Anaemie und Thrombozytopenie . Die Nierenbiopsie zeigte eine thrombotische Mikroangiopathie . Unter Behandlung mit Plasmaaustausch , immunsuppressiver Therapie und Haemodialyse normalisierten sich die haematologischen Befunde , und die Nierenfunktion besserte sich . Die Cyclophosphamidtherapie wurde ueber 21/2 Jahre fortgesetzt . Drei Jahre nach dem akuten Nierenversagen ist der Junge unter antihypertensiver Behandlung symptomfrei und hat eine normale glomerulaere Filtrationsrate .

[ "Ein", "139/12", "Jahre", "alter", "Knabe", "entwickelte", "3", "Monate", "nach", "Beginn", "einer", "Lupus", "-", "aehnlichen", "Systemerkrankung", "unter", "Prednisontherapie", "ein", "akutes", "Nierenversagen", "mit", "haemolytischer", "Anaemie", "und", "Thrombozytopenie", ".", "Die", "Nierenbiopsie", "zeigte", "eine", "thrombotische", "Mikroangiopathie", ".", "Unter", "Behandlung", "mit", "Plasmaaustausch", ",", "immunsuppressiver", "Therapie", "und", "Haemodialyse", "normalisierten", "sich", "die", "haematologischen", "Befunde", ",", "und", "die", "Nierenfunktion", "besserte", "sich", ".", "Die", "Cyclophosphamidtherapie", "wurde", "ueber", "21/2", "Jahre", "fortgesetzt", ".", "Drei", "Jahre", "nach", "dem", "akuten", "Nierenversagen", "ist", "der", "Junge", "unter", "antihypertensiver", "Behandlung", "symptomfrei", "und", "hat", "eine", "normale", "glomerulaere", "Filtrationsrate", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

Nierenversagen, haemolytischer Anaemie, Thrombozytopenie, Nierenbiopsie, thrombotische Mikroangiopathie, Behandlung, Plasmaaustausch, Therapie, Haemodialyse, Nierenfunktion, Nierenversagen, Behandlung, Filtrationsrate

MonatsschriftKinderheilkunde.71451176.ger.abstr_task2

Sentence: Ein 139/12 Jahre alter Knabe entwickelte 3 Monate nach Beginn einer Lupus-aehnlichen Systemerkrankung unter Prednisontherapie ein akutes Nierenversagen mit haemolytischer Anaemie und Thrombozytopenie . Die Nierenbiopsie zeigte eine thrombotische Mikroangiopathie . Unter Behandlung mit Plasmaaustausch , immunsuppressiver Therapie und Haemodialyse normalisierten sich die haematologischen Befunde , und die Nierenfunktion besserte sich . Die Cyclophosphamidtherapie wurde ueber 21/2 Jahre fortgesetzt . Drei Jahre nach dem akuten Nierenversagen ist der Junge unter antihypertensiver Behandlung symptomfrei und hat eine normale glomerulaere Filtrationsrate . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Ein 139/12 Jahre alter Knabe entwickelte 3 Monate nach Beginn einer Lupus-aehnlichen Systemerkrankung unter Prednisontherapie ein akutes Nierenversagen mit haemolytischer Anaemie und Thrombozytopenie . Die Nierenbiopsie zeigte eine thrombotische Mikroangiopathie . Unter Behandlung mit Plasmaaustausch , immunsuppressiver Therapie und Haemodialyse normalisierten sich die haematologischen Befunde , und die Nierenfunktion besserte sich . Die Cyclophosphamidtherapie wurde ueber 21/2 Jahre fortgesetzt . Drei Jahre nach dem akuten Nierenversagen ist der Junge unter antihypertensiver Behandlung symptomfrei und hat eine normale glomerulaere Filtrationsrate .

[ "Ein", "139/12", "Jahre", "alter", "Knabe", "entwickelte", "3", "Monate", "nach", "Beginn", "einer", "Lupus", "-", "aehnlichen", "Systemerkrankung", "unter", "Prednisontherapie", "ein", "akutes", "Nierenversagen", "mit", "haemolytischer", "Anaemie", "und", "Thrombozytopenie", ".", "Die", "Nierenbiopsie", "zeigte", "eine", "thrombotische", "Mikroangiopathie", ".", "Unter", "Behandlung", "mit", "Plasmaaustausch", ",", "immunsuppressiver", "Therapie", "und", "Haemodialyse", "normalisierten", "sich", "die", "haematologischen", "Befunde", ",", "und", "die", "Nierenfunktion", "besserte", "sich", ".", "Die", "Cyclophosphamidtherapie", "wurde", "ueber", "21/2", "Jahre", "fortgesetzt", ".", "Drei", "Jahre", "nach", "dem", "akuten", "Nierenversagen", "ist", "der", "Junge", "unter", "antihypertensiver", "Behandlung", "symptomfrei", "und", "hat", "eine", "normale", "glomerulaere", "Filtrationsrate", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

insulin is a DRUG, ACE inhibitors is a GROUP, disopyramide is a DRUG, fibrates is a GROUP, fluoxetine is a DRUG, MAO inhibitors is a GROUP, propoxyphene is a DRUG, salicylates is a GROUP, somatostatin analog is a GROUP, octreotide is a DRUG, sulfonamide antibiotics is a GROUP, insulin is a DRUG, corticosteroids is a GROUP, danazol is a DRUG, diuretics is a GROUP, sympathomimetic agents is a GROUP, epinephrine is a DRUG, albuterol is a DRUG, terbutaline is a DRUG, isoniazid is a DRUG, phenothiazine derivatives is a GROUP, somatropin is a DRUG, thyroid hormones is a GROUP, estrogens is a GROUP, progestogens is a GROUP, contraceptives is a GROUP, Beta - blockers is a GROUP, clonidine is a DRUG, lithium is a DRUG, alcohol is a DRUG, insulin is a DRUG, Pentamidine is a DRUG, beta - blockers is a GROUP, clonidine is a DRUG, guanethidine is a DRUG, reserpine is a DRUG

Insulin Glargine recombinant_ddi_task0

Sentence: A number of substances affect glucose metabolism and may require insulin dose adjustment and particularly close monitoring. The following are examples of substances that may increase the blood-glucose-lowering effect and susceptibility to hypoglycemia: oral antidiabetes products, ACE inhibitors, disopyramide, fibrates, fluoxetine, MAO inhibitors, propoxyphene, salicylates, somatostatin analog (e.g., octreotide), sulfonamide antibiotics. The following are examples of substances that may reduce the blood-glucose-lowering effect of insulin: corticosteroids, danazol, diuretics, sympathomimetic agents (e.g., epinephrine, albuterol, terbutaline), isoniazid, phenothiazine derivatives, somatropin, thyroid hormones, estrogens, progestogens (e.g., in oral contraceptives). Beta-blockers, clonidine, lithium salts, and alcohol may either potentiate or weaken the blood-glucose-lowering effect of insulin. Pentamidine may cause hypoglycemia, which may sometimes be followed by hyperglycemia. In addition, under the influence of sympatholytic medicinal products such as beta-blockers, clonidine, guanethidine, and reserpine, the signs of hypoglycemia may be reduced or absent. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: GROUP, DRUG

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A number of substances affect glucose metabolism and may require insulin dose adjustment and particularly close monitoring. The following are examples of substances that may increase the blood-glucose-lowering effect and susceptibility to hypoglycemia: oral antidiabetes products, ACE inhibitors, disopyramide, fibrates, fluoxetine, MAO inhibitors, propoxyphene, salicylates, somatostatin analog (e.g., octreotide), sulfonamide antibiotics. The following are examples of substances that may reduce the blood-glucose-lowering effect of insulin: corticosteroids, danazol, diuretics, sympathomimetic agents (e.g., epinephrine, albuterol, terbutaline), isoniazid, phenothiazine derivatives, somatropin, thyroid hormones, estrogens, progestogens (e.g., in oral contraceptives). Beta-blockers, clonidine, lithium salts, and alcohol may either potentiate or weaken the blood-glucose-lowering effect of insulin. Pentamidine may cause hypoglycemia, which may sometimes be followed by hyperglycemia. In addition, under the influence of sympatholytic medicinal products such as beta-blockers, clonidine, guanethidine, and reserpine, the signs of hypoglycemia may be reduced or absent.

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[ "GROUP", "DRUG" ]

insulin is a DRUG, ACE inhibitors is a GROUP, disopyramide is a DRUG, fibrates is a GROUP, fluoxetine is a DRUG, MAO inhibitors is a GROUP, propoxyphene is a DRUG, salicylates is a GROUP, somatostatin analog is a GROUP, octreotide is a DRUG, sulfonamide antibiotics is a GROUP, insulin is a DRUG, corticosteroids is a GROUP, danazol is a DRUG, diuretics is a GROUP, sympathomimetic agents is a GROUP, epinephrine is a DRUG, albuterol is a DRUG, terbutaline is a DRUG, isoniazid is a DRUG, phenothiazine derivatives is a GROUP, somatropin is a DRUG, thyroid hormones is a GROUP, estrogens is a GROUP, progestogens is a GROUP, contraceptives is a GROUP, Beta - blockers is a GROUP, clonidine is a DRUG, lithium is a DRUG, alcohol is a DRUG, insulin is a DRUG, Pentamidine is a DRUG, beta - blockers is a GROUP, clonidine is a DRUG, guanethidine is a DRUG, reserpine is a DRUG

Insulin Glargine recombinant_ddi_task1

Sentence: A number of substances affect glucose metabolism and may require insulin dose adjustment and particularly close monitoring. The following are examples of substances that may increase the blood-glucose-lowering effect and susceptibility to hypoglycemia: oral antidiabetes products, ACE inhibitors, disopyramide, fibrates, fluoxetine, MAO inhibitors, propoxyphene, salicylates, somatostatin analog (e.g., octreotide), sulfonamide antibiotics. The following are examples of substances that may reduce the blood-glucose-lowering effect of insulin: corticosteroids, danazol, diuretics, sympathomimetic agents (e.g., epinephrine, albuterol, terbutaline), isoniazid, phenothiazine derivatives, somatropin, thyroid hormones, estrogens, progestogens (e.g., in oral contraceptives). Beta-blockers, clonidine, lithium salts, and alcohol may either potentiate or weaken the blood-glucose-lowering effect of insulin. Pentamidine may cause hypoglycemia, which may sometimes be followed by hyperglycemia. In addition, under the influence of sympatholytic medicinal products such as beta-blockers, clonidine, guanethidine, and reserpine, the signs of hypoglycemia may be reduced or absent. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: insulin, ACE inhibitors, disopyramide, fibrates, fluoxetine, MAO inhibitors, propoxyphene, salicylates, somatostatin analog, octreotide, sulfonamide antibiotics, insulin, corticosteroids, danazol, diuretics, sympathomimetic agents, epinephrine, albuterol, terbutaline, isoniazid, phenothiazine derivatives, somatropin, thyroid hormones, estrogens, progestogens, contraceptives, Beta - blockers, clonidine, lithium, alcohol, insulin, Pentamidine, beta - blockers, clonidine, guanethidine, reserpine Options: GROUP, DRUG

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A number of substances affect glucose metabolism and may require insulin dose adjustment and particularly close monitoring. The following are examples of substances that may increase the blood-glucose-lowering effect and susceptibility to hypoglycemia: oral antidiabetes products, ACE inhibitors, disopyramide, fibrates, fluoxetine, MAO inhibitors, propoxyphene, salicylates, somatostatin analog (e.g., octreotide), sulfonamide antibiotics. The following are examples of substances that may reduce the blood-glucose-lowering effect of insulin: corticosteroids, danazol, diuretics, sympathomimetic agents (e.g., epinephrine, albuterol, terbutaline), isoniazid, phenothiazine derivatives, somatropin, thyroid hormones, estrogens, progestogens (e.g., in oral contraceptives). Beta-blockers, clonidine, lithium salts, and alcohol may either potentiate or weaken the blood-glucose-lowering effect of insulin. Pentamidine may cause hypoglycemia, which may sometimes be followed by hyperglycemia. In addition, under the influence of sympatholytic medicinal products such as beta-blockers, clonidine, guanethidine, and reserpine, the signs of hypoglycemia may be reduced or absent.

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[ "GROUP", "DRUG" ]

insulin, ACE inhibitors, disopyramide, fibrates, fluoxetine, MAO inhibitors, propoxyphene, salicylates, somatostatin analog, octreotide, sulfonamide antibiotics, insulin, corticosteroids, danazol, diuretics, sympathomimetic agents, epinephrine, albuterol, terbutaline, isoniazid, phenothiazine derivatives, somatropin, thyroid hormones, estrogens, progestogens, contraceptives, Beta - blockers, clonidine, lithium, alcohol, insulin, Pentamidine, beta - blockers, clonidine, guanethidine, reserpine

Insulin Glargine recombinant_ddi_task2

Sentence: A number of substances affect glucose metabolism and may require insulin dose adjustment and particularly close monitoring. The following are examples of substances that may increase the blood-glucose-lowering effect and susceptibility to hypoglycemia: oral antidiabetes products, ACE inhibitors, disopyramide, fibrates, fluoxetine, MAO inhibitors, propoxyphene, salicylates, somatostatin analog (e.g., octreotide), sulfonamide antibiotics. The following are examples of substances that may reduce the blood-glucose-lowering effect of insulin: corticosteroids, danazol, diuretics, sympathomimetic agents (e.g., epinephrine, albuterol, terbutaline), isoniazid, phenothiazine derivatives, somatropin, thyroid hormones, estrogens, progestogens (e.g., in oral contraceptives). Beta-blockers, clonidine, lithium salts, and alcohol may either potentiate or weaken the blood-glucose-lowering effect of insulin. Pentamidine may cause hypoglycemia, which may sometimes be followed by hyperglycemia. In addition, under the influence of sympatholytic medicinal products such as beta-blockers, clonidine, guanethidine, and reserpine, the signs of hypoglycemia may be reduced or absent. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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A number of substances affect glucose metabolism and may require insulin dose adjustment and particularly close monitoring. The following are examples of substances that may increase the blood-glucose-lowering effect and susceptibility to hypoglycemia: oral antidiabetes products, ACE inhibitors, disopyramide, fibrates, fluoxetine, MAO inhibitors, propoxyphene, salicylates, somatostatin analog (e.g., octreotide), sulfonamide antibiotics. The following are examples of substances that may reduce the blood-glucose-lowering effect of insulin: corticosteroids, danazol, diuretics, sympathomimetic agents (e.g., epinephrine, albuterol, terbutaline), isoniazid, phenothiazine derivatives, somatropin, thyroid hormones, estrogens, progestogens (e.g., in oral contraceptives). Beta-blockers, clonidine, lithium salts, and alcohol may either potentiate or weaken the blood-glucose-lowering effect of insulin. Pentamidine may cause hypoglycemia, which may sometimes be followed by hyperglycemia. In addition, under the influence of sympatholytic medicinal products such as beta-blockers, clonidine, guanethidine, and reserpine, the signs of hypoglycemia may be reduced or absent.

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[ "GROUP", "DRUG" ]

skin cancer is a Participant_Condition, children is a Participant_Age, tailored intervention is a Intervention_Other, parents is a Participant_Age, improved skin cancer prevention behaviors is a Outcome_Mental, Grades 1 - 3 at moderate to high risk for skin cancer is a Participant_Condition, received personalized skin cancer education through the mail is a Intervention_Other, control group is a Intervention_Control, generic skin cancer information materials is a Intervention_Other, significantly greater positive changes in prevention behavior is a Outcome_Mental, children ' s use of sunscreen , shirts , and hats , and parents ' use of shade , and skin examinations . is a Outcome_Mental, small and perceived benefits and social norms mediated intervention effects . is a Outcome_Other, young children is a Participant_Age

60217_task0

Sentence: Randomized trial of tailored skin cancer prevention for children : the Project SCAPE family study . This study evaluated a tailored intervention to promote sun protection in parents and their children , hypothesizing that the tailored intervention would lead to improved skin cancer prevention behaviors compared to generic materials . Families were recruited through schools and community centers and were included if there was 1 child in Grades 1-3 at moderate to high risk for skin cancer . Participants were randomized into one of two intervention groups : a tailored intervention , in which they received personalized skin cancer education through the mail ; or a control group who received generic skin cancer information materials . Before and after intervention , parents completed questionnaires about their and their children 's skin cancer risk and prevention knowledge and behaviors . Parents also completed 4-day sun exposure and protection diaries for their child and themselves . Tailored group participants demonstrated significantly greater positive changes in prevention behavior after the intervention , including children 's use of sunscreen , shirts , and hats , and parents ' use of shade , and skin examinations . Effect sizes were small and perceived benefits and social norms mediated intervention effects . Findings from this study support the efficacy of focusing tailored communications to families in order to change skin cancer prevention practices in young children . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Control, Participant_Condition, Intervention_Other, Participant_Age, Outcome_Other, Outcome_Mental

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Randomized trial of tailored skin cancer prevention for children : the Project SCAPE family study . This study evaluated a tailored intervention to promote sun protection in parents and their children , hypothesizing that the tailored intervention would lead to improved skin cancer prevention behaviors compared to generic materials . Families were recruited through schools and community centers and were included if there was 1 child in Grades 1-3 at moderate to high risk for skin cancer . Participants were randomized into one of two intervention groups : a tailored intervention , in which they received personalized skin cancer education through the mail ; or a control group who received generic skin cancer information materials . Before and after intervention , parents completed questionnaires about their and their children 's skin cancer risk and prevention knowledge and behaviors . Parents also completed 4-day sun exposure and protection diaries for their child and themselves . Tailored group participants demonstrated significantly greater positive changes in prevention behavior after the intervention , including children 's use of sunscreen , shirts , and hats , and parents ' use of shade , and skin examinations . Effect sizes were small and perceived benefits and social norms mediated intervention effects . Findings from this study support the efficacy of focusing tailored communications to families in order to change skin cancer prevention practices in young children .

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[ "Outcome_Mental", "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Other", "Participant_Condition", "Participant_Age", "Intervention_Control" ]

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60217_task1

Sentence: Randomized trial of tailored skin cancer prevention for children : the Project SCAPE family study . This study evaluated a tailored intervention to promote sun protection in parents and their children , hypothesizing that the tailored intervention would lead to improved skin cancer prevention behaviors compared to generic materials . Families were recruited through schools and community centers and were included if there was 1 child in Grades 1-3 at moderate to high risk for skin cancer . Participants were randomized into one of two intervention groups : a tailored intervention , in which they received personalized skin cancer education through the mail ; or a control group who received generic skin cancer information materials . Before and after intervention , parents completed questionnaires about their and their children 's skin cancer risk and prevention knowledge and behaviors . Parents also completed 4-day sun exposure and protection diaries for their child and themselves . Tailored group participants demonstrated significantly greater positive changes in prevention behavior after the intervention , including children 's use of sunscreen , shirts , and hats , and parents ' use of shade , and skin examinations . Effect sizes were small and perceived benefits and social norms mediated intervention effects . Findings from this study support the efficacy of focusing tailored communications to families in order to change skin cancer prevention practices in young children . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: skin cancer, children, tailored intervention, parents, improved skin cancer prevention behaviors, Grades 1 - 3 at moderate to high risk for skin cancer, received personalized skin cancer education through the mail, control group, generic skin cancer information materials, significantly greater positive changes in prevention behavior, children ' s use of sunscreen , shirts , and hats , and parents ' use of shade , and skin examinations ., small and perceived benefits and social norms mediated intervention effects ., young children Options: Intervention_Control, Participant_Condition, Intervention_Other, Participant_Age, Outcome_Other, Outcome_Mental

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Randomized trial of tailored skin cancer prevention for children : the Project SCAPE family study . This study evaluated a tailored intervention to promote sun protection in parents and their children , hypothesizing that the tailored intervention would lead to improved skin cancer prevention behaviors compared to generic materials . Families were recruited through schools and community centers and were included if there was 1 child in Grades 1-3 at moderate to high risk for skin cancer . Participants were randomized into one of two intervention groups : a tailored intervention , in which they received personalized skin cancer education through the mail ; or a control group who received generic skin cancer information materials . Before and after intervention , parents completed questionnaires about their and their children 's skin cancer risk and prevention knowledge and behaviors . Parents also completed 4-day sun exposure and protection diaries for their child and themselves . Tailored group participants demonstrated significantly greater positive changes in prevention behavior after the intervention , including children 's use of sunscreen , shirts , and hats , and parents ' use of shade , and skin examinations . Effect sizes were small and perceived benefits and social norms mediated intervention effects . Findings from this study support the efficacy of focusing tailored communications to families in order to change skin cancer prevention practices in young children .

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[ "Outcome_Mental", "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Other", "Participant_Condition", "Participant_Age", "Intervention_Control" ]

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60217_task2

Sentence: Randomized trial of tailored skin cancer prevention for children : the Project SCAPE family study . This study evaluated a tailored intervention to promote sun protection in parents and their children , hypothesizing that the tailored intervention would lead to improved skin cancer prevention behaviors compared to generic materials . Families were recruited through schools and community centers and were included if there was 1 child in Grades 1-3 at moderate to high risk for skin cancer . Participants were randomized into one of two intervention groups : a tailored intervention , in which they received personalized skin cancer education through the mail ; or a control group who received generic skin cancer information materials . Before and after intervention , parents completed questionnaires about their and their children 's skin cancer risk and prevention knowledge and behaviors . Parents also completed 4-day sun exposure and protection diaries for their child and themselves . Tailored group participants demonstrated significantly greater positive changes in prevention behavior after the intervention , including children 's use of sunscreen , shirts , and hats , and parents ' use of shade , and skin examinations . Effect sizes were small and perceived benefits and social norms mediated intervention effects . Findings from this study support the efficacy of focusing tailored communications to families in order to change skin cancer prevention practices in young children . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Randomized trial of tailored skin cancer prevention for children : the Project SCAPE family study . This study evaluated a tailored intervention to promote sun protection in parents and their children , hypothesizing that the tailored intervention would lead to improved skin cancer prevention behaviors compared to generic materials . Families were recruited through schools and community centers and were included if there was 1 child in Grades 1-3 at moderate to high risk for skin cancer . Participants were randomized into one of two intervention groups : a tailored intervention , in which they received personalized skin cancer education through the mail ; or a control group who received generic skin cancer information materials . Before and after intervention , parents completed questionnaires about their and their children 's skin cancer risk and prevention knowledge and behaviors . Parents also completed 4-day sun exposure and protection diaries for their child and themselves . Tailored group participants demonstrated significantly greater positive changes in prevention behavior after the intervention , including children 's use of sunscreen , shirts , and hats , and parents ' use of shade , and skin examinations . Effect sizes were small and perceived benefits and social norms mediated intervention effects . Findings from this study support the efficacy of focusing tailored communications to families in order to change skin cancer prevention practices in young children .

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[ "Outcome_Mental", "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Other", "Participant_Condition", "Participant_Age", "Intervention_Control" ]

Rehabilitation is an umlsterm, Trommelfells is an umlsterm, Gehoerknoechelchenkette is an umlsterm, Knochenersatzmaterialien is an umlsterm, Gehoerknoechelchen is an umlsterm, Knorpel is an umlsterm, Gewebe is an umlsterm, Gehoerknoechelchen is an umlsterm, Knorpel is an umlsterm, Dentin is an umlsterm, Gewebe is an umlsterm, Rolle is an umlsterm, Metalle is an umlsterm, Gold is an umlsterm, Platin is an umlsterm, Titan is an umlsterm, Kunststoffe is an umlsterm, Polyethylen is an umlsterm, Polytetrafluorethylen is an umlsterm, Oxidkeramik is an umlsterm, Kohlenstoffwerkstoff is an umlsterm, Calciumphosphatkeramik is an umlsterm, Keramik is an umlsterm, Knochenersatzmaterial is an umlsterm, Ionomerzement is an umlsterm, Wiederherstellung is an umlsterm, Knorpel is an umlsterm, Gewebe is an umlsterm, Gewebe is an umlsterm, Infektionskrankheiten is an umlsterm, HIV is an umlsterm, Dentin is an umlsterm, Knochenersatzmaterial is an umlsterm, Titanimplantate is an umlsterm, Gold is an umlsterm, Wiederherstellung is an umlsterm, Kunststoffe is an umlsterm, Fremdkoerperreaktion is an umlsterm, Oxidkeramik is an umlsterm, Kohlenstoffwerkstoff is an umlsterm, Calciumphosphatkeramik is an umlsterm, Glasionomerzementen is an umlsterm, Knochenersatzmaterial is an umlsterm, Ionomerzement is an umlsterm, Otosklerosechirurgie is an umlsterm, Kombinationsprothese is an umlsterm, Platinband is an umlsterm, Teflon is an umlsterm, Gold is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Ohrs is an umlsterm, Ionomerzement- is an umlsterm, Titanprothesen is an umlsterm, Otosklerosechirurgie is an umlsterm, Prothesen is an umlsterm, Platinbandteflon is an umlsterm, Gold is an umlsterm

HNO.90470077.ger.abstr_task0

Sentence: Zur Rehabilitation des Hoervermoegens bei Schalleitungsschwerhoerigkeit wird neben dem Verschluss des Trommelfells am haeufigsten die Gehoerknoechelchenkette wieder aufgebaut . Die Vielzahl der empfohlenen mittelohrkompatiblen Knochenersatzmaterialien macht es dem Anwender mitunter schwer , das fuer die spezielle Situation guenstigste Ersatzmaterial auszuwaehlen . Moeglich sind autogene Materialien ( Gehoerknoechelchen Kortikalisknochen , Knorpel ) und allogene Gewebe ( , Gehoerknoechelchen Kortikalisknochen , Knorpel , Dentin ) . , Xenogene Gewebe spielen derzeit im Mittelohr keine Rolle . In der grossen Gruppe der alloplastischen Werkstoffe lassen sich Metalle ( z.B. Gold Stahldraht , Platin , Titan ) , Kunststoffe ( , z.B. Polyethylen Polytetrafluorethylen ) und Keramiken ( , z.B. Oxidkeramik , Kohlenstoffwerkstoff , Calciumphosphatkeramik , Glaskeramik ) unterscheiden . Das hybride , wie eine Keramik bearbeitbare Knochenersatzmaterial Ionomerzement laesst sich keiner der genannten Gruppen zuordnen . Autogene Ossikel werden uebereinstimmend bei der Wiederherstellung des Schalleitungsapparats favorisiert Kortikalisknochen ; wird z.T. resorbiert , Knorpel erweicht langfristig . Das dem autogenen Gewebe funktionell gleichwertige allogene Gewebe ist derzeit wegen einer fraglichen Uebertragungsmoeglichkeit von Infektionskrankheiten ( z.B. HIV Creutzfeldt-Jakob ) , von den meisten Chirurgen verlassen worden . Lediglich das unter Erhalt seiner Stabilitaet sterilisierbare Dentin kommt hierbei als moegliches Knochenersatzmaterial im Mittelohr in Betracht . In der grossen Gruppe der alloplastischen Werkstoffe scheinen nach den derzeitigen Kenntnissen Titanimplantate dem gehaemmerten Gold bei der Wiederherstellung der Mittelohrfunktion ueberlegen zu sein . Kunststoffe sind formstabil , wegen der von vielen Autoren bestaetigten Fremdkoerperreaktion jedoch nicht empfehlenswert . Keramische Werkstoffe ( z.B. Oxidkeramik , Kohlenstoffwerkstoff , Calciumphosphatkeramik , Glaskeramik ) werden vom Mittelohr gut toleriert und scheinen sich langfristig im Mittelohr zu bewaehren . Bei den Glasionomerzementen laesst sich das hybride Knochenersatzmaterial Ionomerzement leicht bearbeiten und wird bei guten funktionellen Resultaten ausgezeichnet integriert . In der Otosklerosechirurgie liegen jahrelange gute Resultate mit der Kombinationsprothese aus Platinband und Teflon vor . Bei bisher kuerzeren Nachbeobachtungszeiten scheinen Pistons aus gehaemmertem Gold gleichwertig zu sein . Bei den eigenen Patienten haben sich zur Kettenrekonstruktion des chronisch entzuendeten Ohrs - soweit verwertbar - autogene Ossikel , Ionomerzement- und neuerdings Titanprothesen bewaehrt . In der Otosklerosechirurgie werden derzeit gleichermassen Prothesen aus Platinbandteflon und gehaemmertem Gold verwendet . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

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Zur Rehabilitation des Hoervermoegens bei Schalleitungsschwerhoerigkeit wird neben dem Verschluss des Trommelfells am haeufigsten die Gehoerknoechelchenkette wieder aufgebaut . Die Vielzahl der empfohlenen mittelohrkompatiblen Knochenersatzmaterialien macht es dem Anwender mitunter schwer , das fuer die spezielle Situation guenstigste Ersatzmaterial auszuwaehlen . Moeglich sind autogene Materialien ( Gehoerknoechelchen Kortikalisknochen , Knorpel ) und allogene Gewebe ( , Gehoerknoechelchen Kortikalisknochen , Knorpel , Dentin ) . , Xenogene Gewebe spielen derzeit im Mittelohr keine Rolle . In der grossen Gruppe der alloplastischen Werkstoffe lassen sich Metalle ( z.B. Gold Stahldraht , Platin , Titan ) , Kunststoffe ( , z.B. Polyethylen Polytetrafluorethylen ) und Keramiken ( , z.B. Oxidkeramik , Kohlenstoffwerkstoff , Calciumphosphatkeramik , Glaskeramik ) unterscheiden . Das hybride , wie eine Keramik bearbeitbare Knochenersatzmaterial Ionomerzement laesst sich keiner der genannten Gruppen zuordnen . Autogene Ossikel werden uebereinstimmend bei der Wiederherstellung des Schalleitungsapparats favorisiert Kortikalisknochen ; wird z.T. resorbiert , Knorpel erweicht langfristig . Das dem autogenen Gewebe funktionell gleichwertige allogene Gewebe ist derzeit wegen einer fraglichen Uebertragungsmoeglichkeit von Infektionskrankheiten ( z.B. HIV Creutzfeldt-Jakob ) , von den meisten Chirurgen verlassen worden . Lediglich das unter Erhalt seiner Stabilitaet sterilisierbare Dentin kommt hierbei als moegliches Knochenersatzmaterial im Mittelohr in Betracht . In der grossen Gruppe der alloplastischen Werkstoffe scheinen nach den derzeitigen Kenntnissen Titanimplantate dem gehaemmerten Gold bei der Wiederherstellung der Mittelohrfunktion ueberlegen zu sein . Kunststoffe sind formstabil , wegen der von vielen Autoren bestaetigten Fremdkoerperreaktion jedoch nicht empfehlenswert . Keramische Werkstoffe ( z.B. Oxidkeramik , Kohlenstoffwerkstoff , Calciumphosphatkeramik , Glaskeramik ) werden vom Mittelohr gut toleriert und scheinen sich langfristig im Mittelohr zu bewaehren . Bei den Glasionomerzementen laesst sich das hybride Knochenersatzmaterial Ionomerzement leicht bearbeiten und wird bei guten funktionellen Resultaten ausgezeichnet integriert . In der Otosklerosechirurgie liegen jahrelange gute Resultate mit der Kombinationsprothese aus Platinband und Teflon vor . Bei bisher kuerzeren Nachbeobachtungszeiten scheinen Pistons aus gehaemmertem Gold gleichwertig zu sein . Bei den eigenen Patienten haben sich zur Kettenrekonstruktion des chronisch entzuendeten Ohrs - soweit verwertbar - autogene Ossikel , Ionomerzement- und neuerdings Titanprothesen bewaehrt . In der Otosklerosechirurgie werden derzeit gleichermassen Prothesen aus Platinbandteflon und gehaemmertem Gold verwendet .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Rehabilitation is an umlsterm, Trommelfells is an umlsterm, Gehoerknoechelchenkette is an umlsterm, Knochenersatzmaterialien is an umlsterm, Gehoerknoechelchen is an umlsterm, Knorpel is an umlsterm, Gewebe is an umlsterm, Gehoerknoechelchen is an umlsterm, Knorpel is an umlsterm, Dentin is an umlsterm, Gewebe is an umlsterm, Rolle is an umlsterm, Metalle is an umlsterm, Gold is an umlsterm, Platin is an umlsterm, Titan is an umlsterm, Kunststoffe is an umlsterm, Polyethylen is an umlsterm, Polytetrafluorethylen is an umlsterm, Oxidkeramik is an umlsterm, Kohlenstoffwerkstoff is an umlsterm, Calciumphosphatkeramik is an umlsterm, Keramik is an umlsterm, Knochenersatzmaterial is an umlsterm, Ionomerzement is an umlsterm, Wiederherstellung is an umlsterm, Knorpel is an umlsterm, Gewebe is an umlsterm, Gewebe is an umlsterm, Infektionskrankheiten is an umlsterm, HIV is an umlsterm, Dentin is an umlsterm, Knochenersatzmaterial is an umlsterm, Titanimplantate is an umlsterm, Gold is an umlsterm, Wiederherstellung is an umlsterm, Kunststoffe is an umlsterm, Fremdkoerperreaktion is an umlsterm, Oxidkeramik is an umlsterm, Kohlenstoffwerkstoff is an umlsterm, Calciumphosphatkeramik is an umlsterm, Glasionomerzementen is an umlsterm, Knochenersatzmaterial is an umlsterm, Ionomerzement is an umlsterm, Otosklerosechirurgie is an umlsterm, Kombinationsprothese is an umlsterm, Platinband is an umlsterm, Teflon is an umlsterm, Gold is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Ohrs is an umlsterm, Ionomerzement- is an umlsterm, Titanprothesen is an umlsterm, Otosklerosechirurgie is an umlsterm, Prothesen is an umlsterm, Platinbandteflon is an umlsterm, Gold is an umlsterm

HNO.90470077.ger.abstr_task1

Sentence: Zur Rehabilitation des Hoervermoegens bei Schalleitungsschwerhoerigkeit wird neben dem Verschluss des Trommelfells am haeufigsten die Gehoerknoechelchenkette wieder aufgebaut . Die Vielzahl der empfohlenen mittelohrkompatiblen Knochenersatzmaterialien macht es dem Anwender mitunter schwer , das fuer die spezielle Situation guenstigste Ersatzmaterial auszuwaehlen . Moeglich sind autogene Materialien ( Gehoerknoechelchen Kortikalisknochen , Knorpel ) und allogene Gewebe ( , Gehoerknoechelchen Kortikalisknochen , Knorpel , Dentin ) . , Xenogene Gewebe spielen derzeit im Mittelohr keine Rolle . In der grossen Gruppe der alloplastischen Werkstoffe lassen sich Metalle ( z.B. Gold Stahldraht , Platin , Titan ) , Kunststoffe ( , z.B. Polyethylen Polytetrafluorethylen ) und Keramiken ( , z.B. Oxidkeramik , Kohlenstoffwerkstoff , Calciumphosphatkeramik , Glaskeramik ) unterscheiden . Das hybride , wie eine Keramik bearbeitbare Knochenersatzmaterial Ionomerzement laesst sich keiner der genannten Gruppen zuordnen . Autogene Ossikel werden uebereinstimmend bei der Wiederherstellung des Schalleitungsapparats favorisiert Kortikalisknochen ; wird z.T. resorbiert , Knorpel erweicht langfristig . Das dem autogenen Gewebe funktionell gleichwertige allogene Gewebe ist derzeit wegen einer fraglichen Uebertragungsmoeglichkeit von Infektionskrankheiten ( z.B. HIV Creutzfeldt-Jakob ) , von den meisten Chirurgen verlassen worden . Lediglich das unter Erhalt seiner Stabilitaet sterilisierbare Dentin kommt hierbei als moegliches Knochenersatzmaterial im Mittelohr in Betracht . In der grossen Gruppe der alloplastischen Werkstoffe scheinen nach den derzeitigen Kenntnissen Titanimplantate dem gehaemmerten Gold bei der Wiederherstellung der Mittelohrfunktion ueberlegen zu sein . Kunststoffe sind formstabil , wegen der von vielen Autoren bestaetigten Fremdkoerperreaktion jedoch nicht empfehlenswert . Keramische Werkstoffe ( z.B. Oxidkeramik , Kohlenstoffwerkstoff , Calciumphosphatkeramik , Glaskeramik ) werden vom Mittelohr gut toleriert und scheinen sich langfristig im Mittelohr zu bewaehren . Bei den Glasionomerzementen laesst sich das hybride Knochenersatzmaterial Ionomerzement leicht bearbeiten und wird bei guten funktionellen Resultaten ausgezeichnet integriert . In der Otosklerosechirurgie liegen jahrelange gute Resultate mit der Kombinationsprothese aus Platinband und Teflon vor . Bei bisher kuerzeren Nachbeobachtungszeiten scheinen Pistons aus gehaemmertem Gold gleichwertig zu sein . Bei den eigenen Patienten haben sich zur Kettenrekonstruktion des chronisch entzuendeten Ohrs - soweit verwertbar - autogene Ossikel , Ionomerzement- und neuerdings Titanprothesen bewaehrt . In der Otosklerosechirurgie werden derzeit gleichermassen Prothesen aus Platinbandteflon und gehaemmertem Gold verwendet . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Rehabilitation, Trommelfells, Gehoerknoechelchenkette, Knochenersatzmaterialien, Gehoerknoechelchen, Knorpel, Gewebe, Gehoerknoechelchen, Knorpel, Dentin, Gewebe, Rolle, Metalle, Gold, Platin, Titan, Kunststoffe, Polyethylen, Polytetrafluorethylen, Oxidkeramik, Kohlenstoffwerkstoff, Calciumphosphatkeramik, Keramik, Knochenersatzmaterial, Ionomerzement, Wiederherstellung, Knorpel, Gewebe, Gewebe, Infektionskrankheiten, HIV, Dentin, Knochenersatzmaterial, Titanimplantate, Gold, Wiederherstellung, Kunststoffe, Fremdkoerperreaktion, Oxidkeramik, Kohlenstoffwerkstoff, Calciumphosphatkeramik, Glasionomerzementen, Knochenersatzmaterial, Ionomerzement, Otosklerosechirurgie, Kombinationsprothese, Platinband, Teflon, Gold, Patienten, Ohrs, Ionomerzement-, Titanprothesen, Otosklerosechirurgie, Prothesen, Platinbandteflon, Gold Options: umlsterm

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Zur Rehabilitation des Hoervermoegens bei Schalleitungsschwerhoerigkeit wird neben dem Verschluss des Trommelfells am haeufigsten die Gehoerknoechelchenkette wieder aufgebaut . Die Vielzahl der empfohlenen mittelohrkompatiblen Knochenersatzmaterialien macht es dem Anwender mitunter schwer , das fuer die spezielle Situation guenstigste Ersatzmaterial auszuwaehlen . Moeglich sind autogene Materialien ( Gehoerknoechelchen Kortikalisknochen , Knorpel ) und allogene Gewebe ( , Gehoerknoechelchen Kortikalisknochen , Knorpel , Dentin ) . , Xenogene Gewebe spielen derzeit im Mittelohr keine Rolle . In der grossen Gruppe der alloplastischen Werkstoffe lassen sich Metalle ( z.B. Gold Stahldraht , Platin , Titan ) , Kunststoffe ( , z.B. Polyethylen Polytetrafluorethylen ) und Keramiken ( , z.B. Oxidkeramik , Kohlenstoffwerkstoff , Calciumphosphatkeramik , Glaskeramik ) unterscheiden . Das hybride , wie eine Keramik bearbeitbare Knochenersatzmaterial Ionomerzement laesst sich keiner der genannten Gruppen zuordnen . Autogene Ossikel werden uebereinstimmend bei der Wiederherstellung des Schalleitungsapparats favorisiert Kortikalisknochen ; wird z.T. resorbiert , Knorpel erweicht langfristig . Das dem autogenen Gewebe funktionell gleichwertige allogene Gewebe ist derzeit wegen einer fraglichen Uebertragungsmoeglichkeit von Infektionskrankheiten ( z.B. HIV Creutzfeldt-Jakob ) , von den meisten Chirurgen verlassen worden . Lediglich das unter Erhalt seiner Stabilitaet sterilisierbare Dentin kommt hierbei als moegliches Knochenersatzmaterial im Mittelohr in Betracht . In der grossen Gruppe der alloplastischen Werkstoffe scheinen nach den derzeitigen Kenntnissen Titanimplantate dem gehaemmerten Gold bei der Wiederherstellung der Mittelohrfunktion ueberlegen zu sein . Kunststoffe sind formstabil , wegen der von vielen Autoren bestaetigten Fremdkoerperreaktion jedoch nicht empfehlenswert . Keramische Werkstoffe ( z.B. Oxidkeramik , Kohlenstoffwerkstoff , Calciumphosphatkeramik , Glaskeramik ) werden vom Mittelohr gut toleriert und scheinen sich langfristig im Mittelohr zu bewaehren . Bei den Glasionomerzementen laesst sich das hybride Knochenersatzmaterial Ionomerzement leicht bearbeiten und wird bei guten funktionellen Resultaten ausgezeichnet integriert . In der Otosklerosechirurgie liegen jahrelange gute Resultate mit der Kombinationsprothese aus Platinband und Teflon vor . Bei bisher kuerzeren Nachbeobachtungszeiten scheinen Pistons aus gehaemmertem Gold gleichwertig zu sein . Bei den eigenen Patienten haben sich zur Kettenrekonstruktion des chronisch entzuendeten Ohrs - soweit verwertbar - autogene Ossikel , Ionomerzement- und neuerdings Titanprothesen bewaehrt . In der Otosklerosechirurgie werden derzeit gleichermassen Prothesen aus Platinbandteflon und gehaemmertem Gold verwendet .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Rehabilitation, Trommelfells, Gehoerknoechelchenkette, Knochenersatzmaterialien, Gehoerknoechelchen, Knorpel, Gewebe, Gehoerknoechelchen, Knorpel, Dentin, Gewebe, Rolle, Metalle, Gold, Platin, Titan, Kunststoffe, Polyethylen, Polytetrafluorethylen, Oxidkeramik, Kohlenstoffwerkstoff, Calciumphosphatkeramik, Keramik, Knochenersatzmaterial, Ionomerzement, Wiederherstellung, Knorpel, Gewebe, Gewebe, Infektionskrankheiten, HIV, Dentin, Knochenersatzmaterial, Titanimplantate, Gold, Wiederherstellung, Kunststoffe, Fremdkoerperreaktion, Oxidkeramik, Kohlenstoffwerkstoff, Calciumphosphatkeramik, Glasionomerzementen, Knochenersatzmaterial, Ionomerzement, Otosklerosechirurgie, Kombinationsprothese, Platinband, Teflon, Gold, Patienten, Ohrs, Ionomerzement-, Titanprothesen, Otosklerosechirurgie, Prothesen, Platinbandteflon, Gold

HNO.90470077.ger.abstr_task2

Sentence: Zur Rehabilitation des Hoervermoegens bei Schalleitungsschwerhoerigkeit wird neben dem Verschluss des Trommelfells am haeufigsten die Gehoerknoechelchenkette wieder aufgebaut . Die Vielzahl der empfohlenen mittelohrkompatiblen Knochenersatzmaterialien macht es dem Anwender mitunter schwer , das fuer die spezielle Situation guenstigste Ersatzmaterial auszuwaehlen . Moeglich sind autogene Materialien ( Gehoerknoechelchen Kortikalisknochen , Knorpel ) und allogene Gewebe ( , Gehoerknoechelchen Kortikalisknochen , Knorpel , Dentin ) . , Xenogene Gewebe spielen derzeit im Mittelohr keine Rolle . In der grossen Gruppe der alloplastischen Werkstoffe lassen sich Metalle ( z.B. Gold Stahldraht , Platin , Titan ) , Kunststoffe ( , z.B. Polyethylen Polytetrafluorethylen ) und Keramiken ( , z.B. Oxidkeramik , Kohlenstoffwerkstoff , Calciumphosphatkeramik , Glaskeramik ) unterscheiden . Das hybride , wie eine Keramik bearbeitbare Knochenersatzmaterial Ionomerzement laesst sich keiner der genannten Gruppen zuordnen . Autogene Ossikel werden uebereinstimmend bei der Wiederherstellung des Schalleitungsapparats favorisiert Kortikalisknochen ; wird z.T. resorbiert , Knorpel erweicht langfristig . Das dem autogenen Gewebe funktionell gleichwertige allogene Gewebe ist derzeit wegen einer fraglichen Uebertragungsmoeglichkeit von Infektionskrankheiten ( z.B. HIV Creutzfeldt-Jakob ) , von den meisten Chirurgen verlassen worden . Lediglich das unter Erhalt seiner Stabilitaet sterilisierbare Dentin kommt hierbei als moegliches Knochenersatzmaterial im Mittelohr in Betracht . In der grossen Gruppe der alloplastischen Werkstoffe scheinen nach den derzeitigen Kenntnissen Titanimplantate dem gehaemmerten Gold bei der Wiederherstellung der Mittelohrfunktion ueberlegen zu sein . Kunststoffe sind formstabil , wegen der von vielen Autoren bestaetigten Fremdkoerperreaktion jedoch nicht empfehlenswert . Keramische Werkstoffe ( z.B. Oxidkeramik , Kohlenstoffwerkstoff , Calciumphosphatkeramik , Glaskeramik ) werden vom Mittelohr gut toleriert und scheinen sich langfristig im Mittelohr zu bewaehren . Bei den Glasionomerzementen laesst sich das hybride Knochenersatzmaterial Ionomerzement leicht bearbeiten und wird bei guten funktionellen Resultaten ausgezeichnet integriert . In der Otosklerosechirurgie liegen jahrelange gute Resultate mit der Kombinationsprothese aus Platinband und Teflon vor . Bei bisher kuerzeren Nachbeobachtungszeiten scheinen Pistons aus gehaemmertem Gold gleichwertig zu sein . Bei den eigenen Patienten haben sich zur Kettenrekonstruktion des chronisch entzuendeten Ohrs - soweit verwertbar - autogene Ossikel , Ionomerzement- und neuerdings Titanprothesen bewaehrt . In der Otosklerosechirurgie werden derzeit gleichermassen Prothesen aus Platinbandteflon und gehaemmertem Gold verwendet . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Zur Rehabilitation des Hoervermoegens bei Schalleitungsschwerhoerigkeit wird neben dem Verschluss des Trommelfells am haeufigsten die Gehoerknoechelchenkette wieder aufgebaut . Die Vielzahl der empfohlenen mittelohrkompatiblen Knochenersatzmaterialien macht es dem Anwender mitunter schwer , das fuer die spezielle Situation guenstigste Ersatzmaterial auszuwaehlen . Moeglich sind autogene Materialien ( Gehoerknoechelchen Kortikalisknochen , Knorpel ) und allogene Gewebe ( , Gehoerknoechelchen Kortikalisknochen , Knorpel , Dentin ) . , Xenogene Gewebe spielen derzeit im Mittelohr keine Rolle . In der grossen Gruppe der alloplastischen Werkstoffe lassen sich Metalle ( z.B. Gold Stahldraht , Platin , Titan ) , Kunststoffe ( , z.B. Polyethylen Polytetrafluorethylen ) und Keramiken ( , z.B. Oxidkeramik , Kohlenstoffwerkstoff , Calciumphosphatkeramik , Glaskeramik ) unterscheiden . Das hybride , wie eine Keramik bearbeitbare Knochenersatzmaterial Ionomerzement laesst sich keiner der genannten Gruppen zuordnen . Autogene Ossikel werden uebereinstimmend bei der Wiederherstellung des Schalleitungsapparats favorisiert Kortikalisknochen ; wird z.T. resorbiert , Knorpel erweicht langfristig . Das dem autogenen Gewebe funktionell gleichwertige allogene Gewebe ist derzeit wegen einer fraglichen Uebertragungsmoeglichkeit von Infektionskrankheiten ( z.B. HIV Creutzfeldt-Jakob ) , von den meisten Chirurgen verlassen worden . Lediglich das unter Erhalt seiner Stabilitaet sterilisierbare Dentin kommt hierbei als moegliches Knochenersatzmaterial im Mittelohr in Betracht . In der grossen Gruppe der alloplastischen Werkstoffe scheinen nach den derzeitigen Kenntnissen Titanimplantate dem gehaemmerten Gold bei der Wiederherstellung der Mittelohrfunktion ueberlegen zu sein . Kunststoffe sind formstabil , wegen der von vielen Autoren bestaetigten Fremdkoerperreaktion jedoch nicht empfehlenswert . Keramische Werkstoffe ( z.B. Oxidkeramik , Kohlenstoffwerkstoff , Calciumphosphatkeramik , Glaskeramik ) werden vom Mittelohr gut toleriert und scheinen sich langfristig im Mittelohr zu bewaehren . Bei den Glasionomerzementen laesst sich das hybride Knochenersatzmaterial Ionomerzement leicht bearbeiten und wird bei guten funktionellen Resultaten ausgezeichnet integriert . In der Otosklerosechirurgie liegen jahrelange gute Resultate mit der Kombinationsprothese aus Platinband und Teflon vor . Bei bisher kuerzeren Nachbeobachtungszeiten scheinen Pistons aus gehaemmertem Gold gleichwertig zu sein . Bei den eigenen Patienten haben sich zur Kettenrekonstruktion des chronisch entzuendeten Ohrs - soweit verwertbar - autogene Ossikel , Ionomerzement- und neuerdings Titanprothesen bewaehrt . In der Otosklerosechirurgie werden derzeit gleichermassen Prothesen aus Platinbandteflon und gehaemmertem Gold verwendet .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

holo - Tf is a protein, neo is a cell, TfR1 is a cell, TfR2-alpha cells is a cell

1.0alpha7.train.947_task0

Sentence: B, comparison of holo-Tf binding to neo, TfR1, or TfR2-alpha cells. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: cell, protein

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "B-cell", "O", "O", "B-cell", "O", "O", "O", "B-cell", "I-cell", "O" ]

B, comparison of holo-Tf binding to neo, TfR1, or TfR2-alpha cells.

[ "B", ",", "comparison", "of", " ", "holo", "-", "Tf", "binding", "to", " ", "neo", ",", " ", "TfR1", ",", "or", " ", "TfR2-alpha", "cells", "." ]

[ "cell", "protein" ]

holo - Tf is a protein, neo is a cell, TfR1 is a cell, TfR2-alpha cells is a cell

1.0alpha7.train.947_task1

Sentence: B, comparison of holo-Tf binding to neo, TfR1, or TfR2-alpha cells. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: holo - Tf, neo, TfR1, TfR2-alpha cells Options: cell, protein

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "B-cell", "O", "O", "B-cell", "O", "O", "O", "B-cell", "I-cell", "O" ]

B, comparison of holo-Tf binding to neo, TfR1, or TfR2-alpha cells.

[ "B", ",", "comparison", "of", " ", "holo", "-", "Tf", "binding", "to", " ", "neo", ",", " ", "TfR1", ",", "or", " ", "TfR2-alpha", "cells", "." ]

[ "cell", "protein" ]

holo - Tf, neo, TfR1, TfR2-alpha cells

1.0alpha7.train.947_task2

Sentence: B, comparison of holo-Tf binding to neo, TfR1, or TfR2-alpha cells. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "I-protein", "I-protein", "O", "O", "O", "B-cell", "O", "O", "B-cell", "O", "O", "O", "B-cell", "I-cell", "O" ]

B, comparison of holo-Tf binding to neo, TfR1, or TfR2-alpha cells.

[ "B", ",", "comparison", "of", " ", "holo", "-", "Tf", "binding", "to", " ", "neo", ",", " ", "TfR1", ",", "or", " ", "TfR2-alpha", "cells", "." ]

[ "cell", "protein" ]

emodin is a compound, baicalin is a compound, TLR4 is a protein

DS.d90_task0

Sentence: In present study, we investigated the combined effect of emodin and baicalin on pancreatic damage and pancreatitis associated lung injury, as well as tissue TLR4 expression in the setting of AP. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: compound, protein

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

In present study, we investigated the combined effect of emodin and baicalin on pancreatic damage and pancreatitis associated lung injury, as well as tissue TLR4 expression in the setting of AP.

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[ "protein", "compound" ]

emodin is a compound, baicalin is a compound, TLR4 is a protein

DS.d90_task1

Sentence: In present study, we investigated the combined effect of emodin and baicalin on pancreatic damage and pancreatitis associated lung injury, as well as tissue TLR4 expression in the setting of AP. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: emodin, baicalin, TLR4 Options: compound, protein

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

In present study, we investigated the combined effect of emodin and baicalin on pancreatic damage and pancreatitis associated lung injury, as well as tissue TLR4 expression in the setting of AP.

[ "In", "present", "study", ",", "we", "investigated", "the", "combined", "effect", "of", "emodin", "and", "baicalin", "on", "pancreatic", "damage", "and", "pancreatitis", "associated", "lung", "injury", ",", "as", "well", "as", "tissue", "TLR4", "expression", "in", "the", "setting", "of", "AP", "." ]

[ "protein", "compound" ]

emodin, baicalin, TLR4

DS.d90_task2

Sentence: In present study, we investigated the combined effect of emodin and baicalin on pancreatic damage and pancreatitis associated lung injury, as well as tissue TLR4 expression in the setting of AP. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

In present study, we investigated the combined effect of emodin and baicalin on pancreatic damage and pancreatitis associated lung injury, as well as tissue TLR4 expression in the setting of AP.

[ "In", "present", "study", ",", "we", "investigated", "the", "combined", "effect", "of", "emodin", "and", "baicalin", "on", "pancreatic", "damage", "and", "pancreatitis", "associated", "lung", "injury", ",", "as", "well", "as", "tissue", "TLR4", "expression", "in", "the", "setting", "of", "AP", "." ]

[ "protein", "compound" ]

talin is a Individual_protein, vinculin is a Individual_protein, tubulin is a Individual_protein, actin is a Individual_protein, CD31 is a Gene/protein/RNA

540_task0

Sentence: Moreover, talin, but not vinculin or tubulin, appears to co-localize with actin microfilaments in the membrane ruffles of NK cells that undergo cytoskeleton rearrangement following CD31 cross-linking. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Gene/protein/RNA, Individual_protein

[ "O", "O", "B-Individual_protein", "O", "O", "O", "B-Individual_protein", "O", "B-Individual_protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Individual_protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene/protein/RNA", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Moreover, talin, but not vinculin or tubulin, appears to co-localize with actin microfilaments in the membrane ruffles of NK cells that undergo cytoskeleton rearrangement following CD31 cross-linking.

[ "Moreover", ",", "talin", ",", "but", "not", "vinculin", "or", "tubulin", ",", "appears", "to", "co", "-", "localize", "with", "actin", "microfilaments", "in", "the", "membrane", "ruffles", "of", "NK", "cells", "that", "undergo", "cytoskeleton", "rearrangement", "following", "CD31", "cross", "-", "linking", "." ]

[ "Individual_protein", "Gene/protein/RNA" ]

talin is a Individual_protein, vinculin is a Individual_protein, tubulin is a Individual_protein, actin is a Individual_protein, CD31 is a Gene/protein/RNA

540_task1

Sentence: Moreover, talin, but not vinculin or tubulin, appears to co-localize with actin microfilaments in the membrane ruffles of NK cells that undergo cytoskeleton rearrangement following CD31 cross-linking. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: talin, vinculin, tubulin, actin, CD31 Options: Gene/protein/RNA, Individual_protein

[ "O", "O", "B-Individual_protein", "O", "O", "O", "B-Individual_protein", "O", "B-Individual_protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Individual_protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene/protein/RNA", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Moreover, talin, but not vinculin or tubulin, appears to co-localize with actin microfilaments in the membrane ruffles of NK cells that undergo cytoskeleton rearrangement following CD31 cross-linking.

[ "Moreover", ",", "talin", ",", "but", "not", "vinculin", "or", "tubulin", ",", "appears", "to", "co", "-", "localize", "with", "actin", "microfilaments", "in", "the", "membrane", "ruffles", "of", "NK", "cells", "that", "undergo", "cytoskeleton", "rearrangement", "following", "CD31", "cross", "-", "linking", "." ]

[ "Individual_protein", "Gene/protein/RNA" ]

talin, vinculin, tubulin, actin, CD31

540_task2

Sentence: Moreover, talin, but not vinculin or tubulin, appears to co-localize with actin microfilaments in the membrane ruffles of NK cells that undergo cytoskeleton rearrangement following CD31 cross-linking. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "B-Individual_protein", "O", "O", "O", "B-Individual_protein", "O", "B-Individual_protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Individual_protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Gene/protein/RNA", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Moreover, talin, but not vinculin or tubulin, appears to co-localize with actin microfilaments in the membrane ruffles of NK cells that undergo cytoskeleton rearrangement following CD31 cross-linking.

[ "Moreover", ",", "talin", ",", "but", "not", "vinculin", "or", "tubulin", ",", "appears", "to", "co", "-", "localize", "with", "actin", "microfilaments", "in", "the", "membrane", "ruffles", "of", "NK", "cells", "that", "undergo", "cytoskeleton", "rearrangement", "following", "CD31", "cross", "-", "linking", "." ]

[ "Individual_protein", "Gene/protein/RNA" ]

erythema is an umlsterm, syndrome is an umlsterm, Asian is an umlsterm, literature is an umlsterm, antibodies is an umlsterm, erythema is an umlsterm, lupus is an umlsterm, erythematosus is an umlsterm, mucin is an umlsterm, lupus is an umlsterm, erythematosus is an umlsterm, Chinese is an umlsterm, patient is an umlsterm, erythema is an umlsterm, keratoconjunctivitis sicca is an umlsterm, antibodies is an umlsterm, histopathological is an umlsterm, immunogenetic is an umlsterm, findings is an umlsterm, literature is an umlsterm, erythema is an umlsterm, syndrome is an umlsterm, lupus is an umlsterm, erythematosus is an umlsterm

DerHautarzt.00510270.eng.abstr_task0

Sentence: Annular erythema has been recognised as a cutaneous manifestation of Sjoegren's syndrome in the Asian literature and has been assumed to represent a distinct clinical entity . Since there are common pathophysiologic mechanisms , mainly the presence of anti-Ro/SSA or anti-La/SSB antibodies , it is difficult to separate the annular erythema from subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus . Histological examination may reveal dermal mucin deposition resembling lupus erythematosus tumidus . We present a Chinese patient with widespread annular erythema , keratoconjunctivitis sicca , and anti-Ro/SSA antibodies . Clinical , histopathological , and immunogenetic findings are discussed reviewing the current literature , and the differences between annular erythema associated with Sjoegren's syndrome and cutaneous lupus erythematosus are emphasized . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O" ]

Annular erythema has been recognised as a cutaneous manifestation of Sjoegren's syndrome in the Asian literature and has been assumed to represent a distinct clinical entity . Since there are common pathophysiologic mechanisms , mainly the presence of anti-Ro/SSA or anti-La/SSB antibodies , it is difficult to separate the annular erythema from subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus . Histological examination may reveal dermal mucin deposition resembling lupus erythematosus tumidus . We present a Chinese patient with widespread annular erythema , keratoconjunctivitis sicca , and anti-Ro/SSA antibodies . Clinical , histopathological , and immunogenetic findings are discussed reviewing the current literature , and the differences between annular erythema associated with Sjoegren's syndrome and cutaneous lupus erythematosus are emphasized .

[ "Annular", "erythema", "has", "been", "recognised", "as", "a", "cutaneous", "manifestation", "of", "Sjoegren", "'s", "syndrome", "in", "the", "Asian", "literature", "and", "has", "been", "assumed", "to", "represent", "a", "distinct", "clinical", "entity", ".", "Since", "there", "are", "common", "pathophysiologic", "mechanisms", ",", "mainly", "the", "presence", "of", "anti", "-", "Ro", "/", "SSA", "or", "anti", "-", "La", "/", "SSB", "antibodies", ",", "it", "is", "difficult", "to", "separate", "the", "annular", "erythema", "from", "subacute", "cutaneous", "lupus", "erythematosus", ".", "Histological", "examination", "may", "reveal", "dermal", "mucin", "deposition", "resembling", "lupus", "erythematosus", "tumidus", ".", "We", "present", "a", "Chinese", "patient", "with", "widespread", "annular", "erythema", ",", "keratoconjunctivitis", "sicca", ",", "and", "anti", "-", "Ro", "/", "SSA", "antibodies", ".", "Clinical", ",", "histopathological", ",", "and", "immunogenetic", "findings", "are", "discussed", "reviewing", "the", "current", "literature", ",", "and", "the", "differences", "between", "annular", "erythema", "associated", "with", "Sjoegren", "'s", "syndrome", "and", "cutaneous", "lupus", "erythematosus", "are", "emphasized", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

erythema is an umlsterm, syndrome is an umlsterm, Asian is an umlsterm, literature is an umlsterm, antibodies is an umlsterm, erythema is an umlsterm, lupus is an umlsterm, erythematosus is an umlsterm, mucin is an umlsterm, lupus is an umlsterm, erythematosus is an umlsterm, Chinese is an umlsterm, patient is an umlsterm, erythema is an umlsterm, keratoconjunctivitis sicca is an umlsterm, antibodies is an umlsterm, histopathological is an umlsterm, immunogenetic is an umlsterm, findings is an umlsterm, literature is an umlsterm, erythema is an umlsterm, syndrome is an umlsterm, lupus is an umlsterm, erythematosus is an umlsterm

DerHautarzt.00510270.eng.abstr_task1

Sentence: Annular erythema has been recognised as a cutaneous manifestation of Sjoegren's syndrome in the Asian literature and has been assumed to represent a distinct clinical entity . Since there are common pathophysiologic mechanisms , mainly the presence of anti-Ro/SSA or anti-La/SSB antibodies , it is difficult to separate the annular erythema from subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus . Histological examination may reveal dermal mucin deposition resembling lupus erythematosus tumidus . We present a Chinese patient with widespread annular erythema , keratoconjunctivitis sicca , and anti-Ro/SSA antibodies . Clinical , histopathological , and immunogenetic findings are discussed reviewing the current literature , and the differences between annular erythema associated with Sjoegren's syndrome and cutaneous lupus erythematosus are emphasized . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: erythema, syndrome, Asian, literature, antibodies, erythema, lupus, erythematosus, mucin, lupus, erythematosus, Chinese, patient, erythema, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, antibodies, histopathological, immunogenetic, findings, literature, erythema, syndrome, lupus, erythematosus Options: umlsterm

[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O" ]

Annular erythema has been recognised as a cutaneous manifestation of Sjoegren's syndrome in the Asian literature and has been assumed to represent a distinct clinical entity . Since there are common pathophysiologic mechanisms , mainly the presence of anti-Ro/SSA or anti-La/SSB antibodies , it is difficult to separate the annular erythema from subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus . Histological examination may reveal dermal mucin deposition resembling lupus erythematosus tumidus . We present a Chinese patient with widespread annular erythema , keratoconjunctivitis sicca , and anti-Ro/SSA antibodies . Clinical , histopathological , and immunogenetic findings are discussed reviewing the current literature , and the differences between annular erythema associated with Sjoegren's syndrome and cutaneous lupus erythematosus are emphasized .

[ "Annular", "erythema", "has", "been", "recognised", "as", "a", "cutaneous", "manifestation", "of", "Sjoegren", "'s", "syndrome", "in", "the", "Asian", "literature", "and", "has", "been", "assumed", "to", "represent", "a", "distinct", "clinical", "entity", ".", "Since", "there", "are", "common", "pathophysiologic", "mechanisms", ",", "mainly", "the", "presence", "of", "anti", "-", "Ro", "/", "SSA", "or", "anti", "-", "La", "/", "SSB", "antibodies", ",", "it", "is", "difficult", "to", "separate", "the", "annular", "erythema", "from", "subacute", "cutaneous", "lupus", "erythematosus", ".", "Histological", "examination", "may", "reveal", "dermal", "mucin", "deposition", "resembling", "lupus", "erythematosus", "tumidus", ".", "We", "present", "a", "Chinese", "patient", "with", "widespread", "annular", "erythema", ",", "keratoconjunctivitis", "sicca", ",", "and", "anti", "-", "Ro", "/", "SSA", "antibodies", ".", "Clinical", ",", "histopathological", ",", "and", "immunogenetic", "findings", "are", "discussed", "reviewing", "the", "current", "literature", ",", "and", "the", "differences", "between", "annular", "erythema", "associated", "with", "Sjoegren", "'s", "syndrome", "and", "cutaneous", "lupus", "erythematosus", "are", "emphasized", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

erythema, syndrome, Asian, literature, antibodies, erythema, lupus, erythematosus, mucin, lupus, erythematosus, Chinese, patient, erythema, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, antibodies, histopathological, immunogenetic, findings, literature, erythema, syndrome, lupus, erythematosus

DerHautarzt.00510270.eng.abstr_task2

Sentence: Annular erythema has been recognised as a cutaneous manifestation of Sjoegren's syndrome in the Asian literature and has been assumed to represent a distinct clinical entity . Since there are common pathophysiologic mechanisms , mainly the presence of anti-Ro/SSA or anti-La/SSB antibodies , it is difficult to separate the annular erythema from subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus . Histological examination may reveal dermal mucin deposition resembling lupus erythematosus tumidus . We present a Chinese patient with widespread annular erythema , keratoconjunctivitis sicca , and anti-Ro/SSA antibodies . Clinical , histopathological , and immunogenetic findings are discussed reviewing the current literature , and the differences between annular erythema associated with Sjoegren's syndrome and cutaneous lupus erythematosus are emphasized . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O" ]

Annular erythema has been recognised as a cutaneous manifestation of Sjoegren's syndrome in the Asian literature and has been assumed to represent a distinct clinical entity . Since there are common pathophysiologic mechanisms , mainly the presence of anti-Ro/SSA or anti-La/SSB antibodies , it is difficult to separate the annular erythema from subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus . Histological examination may reveal dermal mucin deposition resembling lupus erythematosus tumidus . We present a Chinese patient with widespread annular erythema , keratoconjunctivitis sicca , and anti-Ro/SSA antibodies . Clinical , histopathological , and immunogenetic findings are discussed reviewing the current literature , and the differences between annular erythema associated with Sjoegren's syndrome and cutaneous lupus erythematosus are emphasized .

[ "Annular", "erythema", "has", "been", "recognised", "as", "a", "cutaneous", "manifestation", "of", "Sjoegren", "'s", "syndrome", "in", "the", "Asian", "literature", "and", "has", "been", "assumed", "to", "represent", "a", "distinct", "clinical", "entity", ".", "Since", "there", "are", "common", "pathophysiologic", "mechanisms", ",", "mainly", "the", "presence", "of", "anti", "-", "Ro", "/", "SSA", "or", "anti", "-", "La", "/", "SSB", "antibodies", ",", "it", "is", "difficult", "to", "separate", "the", "annular", "erythema", "from", "subacute", "cutaneous", "lupus", "erythematosus", ".", "Histological", "examination", "may", "reveal", "dermal", "mucin", "deposition", "resembling", "lupus", "erythematosus", "tumidus", ".", "We", "present", "a", "Chinese", "patient", "with", "widespread", "annular", "erythema", ",", "keratoconjunctivitis", "sicca", ",", "and", "anti", "-", "Ro", "/", "SSA", "antibodies", ".", "Clinical", ",", "histopathological", ",", "and", "immunogenetic", "findings", "are", "discussed", "reviewing", "the", "current", "literature", ",", "and", "the", "differences", "between", "annular", "erythema", "associated", "with", "Sjoegren", "'s", "syndrome", "and", "cutaneous", "lupus", "erythematosus", "are", "emphasized", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

SERT is a protein, M6B is a protein, SERT is a protein, serotonin is a compound

DS.d387_task0

Sentence: The co-expression of SERT with M6B results in a significant decrease in SERT-mediated serotonin uptake caused by a down-regulation of SERT surface expression. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: compound, protein

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

The co-expression of SERT with M6B results in a significant decrease in SERT-mediated serotonin uptake caused by a down-regulation of SERT surface expression.

[ "The", "co", "-", "expression", "of", "SERT", "with", "M6B", "results", "in", "a", "significant", "decrease", "in", "SERT", "-", "mediated", "serotonin", "uptake", "caused", "by", "a", "down", "-", "regulation", "of", "SERT", "surface", "expression", "." ]

[ "compound", "protein" ]

SERT is a protein, M6B is a protein, SERT is a protein, serotonin is a compound

DS.d387_task1

Sentence: The co-expression of SERT with M6B results in a significant decrease in SERT-mediated serotonin uptake caused by a down-regulation of SERT surface expression. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: SERT, M6B, SERT, serotonin Options: compound, protein

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

The co-expression of SERT with M6B results in a significant decrease in SERT-mediated serotonin uptake caused by a down-regulation of SERT surface expression.

[ "The", "co", "-", "expression", "of", "SERT", "with", "M6B", "results", "in", "a", "significant", "decrease", "in", "SERT", "-", "mediated", "serotonin", "uptake", "caused", "by", "a", "down", "-", "regulation", "of", "SERT", "surface", "expression", "." ]

[ "compound", "protein" ]

SERT, M6B, SERT, serotonin

DS.d387_task2

Sentence: The co-expression of SERT with M6B results in a significant decrease in SERT-mediated serotonin uptake caused by a down-regulation of SERT surface expression. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O", "B-compound", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

The co-expression of SERT with M6B results in a significant decrease in SERT-mediated serotonin uptake caused by a down-regulation of SERT surface expression.

[ "The", "co", "-", "expression", "of", "SERT", "with", "M6B", "results", "in", "a", "significant", "decrease", "in", "SERT", "-", "mediated", "serotonin", "uptake", "caused", "by", "a", "down", "-", "regulation", "of", "SERT", "surface", "expression", "." ]

[ "compound", "protein" ]

clopidogrel is a CHEMICAL, clarithromycin is a CHEMICAL, sibutramine is a CHEMICAL, clopidogrel is a CHEMICAL, clarithromycin is a CHEMICAL, CYP2B6 is a GENE-Y, CYP3A is a GENE-N, racemic sibutramine is a CHEMICAL, CYP2B6 is a GENE-Y, Sibutramine is a CHEMICAL, Clopidogrel is a CHEMICAL, clarithromycin is a CHEMICAL, sibutramine is a CHEMICAL, clopidogrel is a CHEMICAL, clarithromycin is a CHEMICAL, sibutramine is a CHEMICAL, CYP2B6 is a GENE-Y, CYP2B6 is a GENE-Y, sibutramine is a CHEMICAL, CYP2B6 is a GENE-Y, CYP3A is a GENE-N

28995_task0

Sentence: Different effects of clopidogrel and clarithromycin on the enantioselective pharmacokinetics of sibutramine and its active metabolites in healthy subjects. In this study, we assessed the effects of clopidogrel and clarithromycin, known CYP2B6 and CYP3A inhibitors, respectively, on the enantioselective disposition of racemic sibutramine in conjunction with CYP2B6 polymorphisms in humans. Sibutramine showed enantioselective plasma profiles with consistently higher concentrations of R-enantiomers. Clopidogrel and clarithromycin significantly increased the sibutramine plasma concentration, but their effects differed between enantiomers; a 2.2-fold versus 4.1-fold increase in the AUC in S-enantiomer and 1.8-fold versus 2.0-fold for the R-enantiomer, respectively. The AUCs of S- and R-desmethyl metabolites changed significantly during the clopidogrel phase (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively) but not during the clarithromycin phase (P = .099 and P = .090, respectively). Exposure to sibutramine was higher in subjects with the CYP2B6*6/*6 genotype, but no statistical difference was observed among the CYP2B6 genotypes. These results suggest that the enantioselective disposition of sibutramine and its active metabolites are influenced by the altered genetic and environmental factors of CYP2B6 and CYP3A activity in vivo. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: GENE-N, GENE-Y, CHEMICAL

[ "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "I-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "B-GENE-N", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Different effects of clopidogrel and clarithromycin on the enantioselective pharmacokinetics of sibutramine and its active metabolites in healthy subjects. In this study, we assessed the effects of clopidogrel and clarithromycin, known CYP2B6 and CYP3A inhibitors, respectively, on the enantioselective disposition of racemic sibutramine in conjunction with CYP2B6 polymorphisms in humans. Sibutramine showed enantioselective plasma profiles with consistently higher concentrations of R-enantiomers. Clopidogrel and clarithromycin significantly increased the sibutramine plasma concentration, but their effects differed between enantiomers; a 2.2-fold versus 4.1-fold increase in the AUC in S-enantiomer and 1.8-fold versus 2.0-fold for the R-enantiomer, respectively. The AUCs of S- and R-desmethyl metabolites changed significantly during the clopidogrel phase (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively) but not during the clarithromycin phase (P = .099 and P = .090, respectively). Exposure to sibutramine was higher in subjects with the CYP2B6*6/*6 genotype, but no statistical difference was observed among the CYP2B6 genotypes. These results suggest that the enantioselective disposition of sibutramine and its active metabolites are influenced by the altered genetic and environmental factors of CYP2B6 and CYP3A activity in vivo.

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[ "CHEMICAL", "GENE-Y", "GENE-N" ]

clopidogrel is a CHEMICAL, clarithromycin is a CHEMICAL, sibutramine is a CHEMICAL, clopidogrel is a CHEMICAL, clarithromycin is a CHEMICAL, CYP2B6 is a GENE-Y, CYP3A is a GENE-N, racemic sibutramine is a CHEMICAL, CYP2B6 is a GENE-Y, Sibutramine is a CHEMICAL, Clopidogrel is a CHEMICAL, clarithromycin is a CHEMICAL, sibutramine is a CHEMICAL, clopidogrel is a CHEMICAL, clarithromycin is a CHEMICAL, sibutramine is a CHEMICAL, CYP2B6 is a GENE-Y, CYP2B6 is a GENE-Y, sibutramine is a CHEMICAL, CYP2B6 is a GENE-Y, CYP3A is a GENE-N

28995_task1

Sentence: Different effects of clopidogrel and clarithromycin on the enantioselective pharmacokinetics of sibutramine and its active metabolites in healthy subjects. In this study, we assessed the effects of clopidogrel and clarithromycin, known CYP2B6 and CYP3A inhibitors, respectively, on the enantioselective disposition of racemic sibutramine in conjunction with CYP2B6 polymorphisms in humans. Sibutramine showed enantioselective plasma profiles with consistently higher concentrations of R-enantiomers. Clopidogrel and clarithromycin significantly increased the sibutramine plasma concentration, but their effects differed between enantiomers; a 2.2-fold versus 4.1-fold increase in the AUC in S-enantiomer and 1.8-fold versus 2.0-fold for the R-enantiomer, respectively. The AUCs of S- and R-desmethyl metabolites changed significantly during the clopidogrel phase (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively) but not during the clarithromycin phase (P = .099 and P = .090, respectively). Exposure to sibutramine was higher in subjects with the CYP2B6*6/*6 genotype, but no statistical difference was observed among the CYP2B6 genotypes. These results suggest that the enantioselective disposition of sibutramine and its active metabolites are influenced by the altered genetic and environmental factors of CYP2B6 and CYP3A activity in vivo. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: clopidogrel, clarithromycin, sibutramine, clopidogrel, clarithromycin, CYP2B6, CYP3A, racemic sibutramine, CYP2B6, Sibutramine, Clopidogrel, clarithromycin, sibutramine, clopidogrel, clarithromycin, sibutramine, CYP2B6, CYP2B6, sibutramine, CYP2B6, CYP3A Options: GENE-N, GENE-Y, CHEMICAL

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Different effects of clopidogrel and clarithromycin on the enantioselective pharmacokinetics of sibutramine and its active metabolites in healthy subjects. In this study, we assessed the effects of clopidogrel and clarithromycin, known CYP2B6 and CYP3A inhibitors, respectively, on the enantioselective disposition of racemic sibutramine in conjunction with CYP2B6 polymorphisms in humans. Sibutramine showed enantioselective plasma profiles with consistently higher concentrations of R-enantiomers. Clopidogrel and clarithromycin significantly increased the sibutramine plasma concentration, but their effects differed between enantiomers; a 2.2-fold versus 4.1-fold increase in the AUC in S-enantiomer and 1.8-fold versus 2.0-fold for the R-enantiomer, respectively. The AUCs of S- and R-desmethyl metabolites changed significantly during the clopidogrel phase (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively) but not during the clarithromycin phase (P = .099 and P = .090, respectively). Exposure to sibutramine was higher in subjects with the CYP2B6*6/*6 genotype, but no statistical difference was observed among the CYP2B6 genotypes. These results suggest that the enantioselective disposition of sibutramine and its active metabolites are influenced by the altered genetic and environmental factors of CYP2B6 and CYP3A activity in vivo.

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[ "CHEMICAL", "GENE-Y", "GENE-N" ]

clopidogrel, clarithromycin, sibutramine, clopidogrel, clarithromycin, CYP2B6, CYP3A, racemic sibutramine, CYP2B6, Sibutramine, Clopidogrel, clarithromycin, sibutramine, clopidogrel, clarithromycin, sibutramine, CYP2B6, CYP2B6, sibutramine, CYP2B6, CYP3A

28995_task2

Sentence: Different effects of clopidogrel and clarithromycin on the enantioselective pharmacokinetics of sibutramine and its active metabolites in healthy subjects. In this study, we assessed the effects of clopidogrel and clarithromycin, known CYP2B6 and CYP3A inhibitors, respectively, on the enantioselective disposition of racemic sibutramine in conjunction with CYP2B6 polymorphisms in humans. Sibutramine showed enantioselective plasma profiles with consistently higher concentrations of R-enantiomers. Clopidogrel and clarithromycin significantly increased the sibutramine plasma concentration, but their effects differed between enantiomers; a 2.2-fold versus 4.1-fold increase in the AUC in S-enantiomer and 1.8-fold versus 2.0-fold for the R-enantiomer, respectively. The AUCs of S- and R-desmethyl metabolites changed significantly during the clopidogrel phase (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively) but not during the clarithromycin phase (P = .099 and P = .090, respectively). Exposure to sibutramine was higher in subjects with the CYP2B6*6/*6 genotype, but no statistical difference was observed among the CYP2B6 genotypes. These results suggest that the enantioselective disposition of sibutramine and its active metabolites are influenced by the altered genetic and environmental factors of CYP2B6 and CYP3A activity in vivo. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Different effects of clopidogrel and clarithromycin on the enantioselective pharmacokinetics of sibutramine and its active metabolites in healthy subjects. In this study, we assessed the effects of clopidogrel and clarithromycin, known CYP2B6 and CYP3A inhibitors, respectively, on the enantioselective disposition of racemic sibutramine in conjunction with CYP2B6 polymorphisms in humans. Sibutramine showed enantioselective plasma profiles with consistently higher concentrations of R-enantiomers. Clopidogrel and clarithromycin significantly increased the sibutramine plasma concentration, but their effects differed between enantiomers; a 2.2-fold versus 4.1-fold increase in the AUC in S-enantiomer and 1.8-fold versus 2.0-fold for the R-enantiomer, respectively. The AUCs of S- and R-desmethyl metabolites changed significantly during the clopidogrel phase (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively) but not during the clarithromycin phase (P = .099 and P = .090, respectively). Exposure to sibutramine was higher in subjects with the CYP2B6*6/*6 genotype, but no statistical difference was observed among the CYP2B6 genotypes. These results suggest that the enantioselective disposition of sibutramine and its active metabolites are influenced by the altered genetic and environmental factors of CYP2B6 and CYP3A activity in vivo.

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[ "CHEMICAL", "GENE-Y", "GENE-N" ]

Age is a Person, between 18 and 78 year - old is a Value, Previous is a Temporal, Genotype is a Measurement, 1 and 4 is a Value, infection is a Condition, Hepatitis C recurrence is a Scope, abnormal liver function test , positive HCV - RNA , histological signs of hepatitis C recurrence is a Scope, Viral load is a Measurement, Immunosuppression is a Procedure, tacrolimus and / or mycophenolate ( Prednisone use is allowed at low dose , ≤10 mg / d ) is a Scope, Treatment naïve or treatment experienced is a Scope, Peg - RBV or triple therapy is a Scope

NCT02890719_inc_task0

Sentence: Age between 18 and 78 year-old. Previous liver transplantation(more than 6 month). Genotype 1 and 4 infection. Hepatitis C recurrence defined by the presence of abnormal liver function test, positive HCV-RNA, histological signs of hepatitis C recurrence. Viral load ≥10000UI/mL. Immunosuppression with tacrolimus and/or mycophenolate (Prednisone use is allowed at low dose, ≤10 mg/d). Treatment naïve or treatment experienced (Peg-RBV or triple therapy). Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Temporal, Condition, Value, Person, Procedure, Scope, Measurement

[ "B-Person", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "B-Condition", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Procedure", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O" ]

Age between 18 and 78 year-old. Previous liver transplantation(more than 6 month). Genotype 1 and 4 infection. Hepatitis C recurrence defined by the presence of abnormal liver function test, positive HCV-RNA, histological signs of hepatitis C recurrence. Viral load ≥10000UI/mL. Immunosuppression with tacrolimus and/or mycophenolate (Prednisone use is allowed at low dose, ≤10 mg/d). Treatment naïve or treatment experienced (Peg-RBV or triple therapy).

[ "Age", "between", "18", "and", "78", "year", "-", "old", ".", "\n", "Previous", "liver", "transplantation(more", "than", "6", "month", ")", ".", "\n", "Genotype", "1", "and", "4", "infection", ".", "\n", "Hepatitis", "C", "recurrence", "defined", "by", "the", "presence", "of", "abnormal", "liver", "function", "test", ",", "positive", "HCV", "-", "RNA", ",", "histological", "signs", "of", "hepatitis", "C", "recurrence", ".", "\n", "Viral", "load", "≥10000UI", "/", "mL.", "\n", "Immunosuppression", "with", "tacrolimus", "and", "/", "or", "mycophenolate", "(", "Prednisone", "use", "is", "allowed", "at", "low", "dose", ",", "≤10", "mg", "/", "d", ")", ".", "\n", "Treatment", "naïve", "or", "treatment", "experienced", "(", "Peg", "-", "RBV", "or", "triple", "therapy", ")", ".", "\n" ]

[ "Scope", "Condition", "Value", "Procedure", "Measurement", "Temporal", "Drug", "Multiplier", "Person" ]

Age is a Person, between 18 and 78 year - old is a Value, Previous is a Temporal, Genotype is a Measurement, 1 and 4 is a Value, infection is a Condition, Hepatitis C recurrence is a Scope, abnormal liver function test , positive HCV - RNA , histological signs of hepatitis C recurrence is a Scope, Viral load is a Measurement, Immunosuppression is a Procedure, tacrolimus and / or mycophenolate ( Prednisone use is allowed at low dose , ≤10 mg / d ) is a Scope, Treatment naïve or treatment experienced is a Scope, Peg - RBV or triple therapy is a Scope

NCT02890719_inc_task1

Sentence: Age between 18 and 78 year-old. Previous liver transplantation(more than 6 month). Genotype 1 and 4 infection. Hepatitis C recurrence defined by the presence of abnormal liver function test, positive HCV-RNA, histological signs of hepatitis C recurrence. Viral load ≥10000UI/mL. Immunosuppression with tacrolimus and/or mycophenolate (Prednisone use is allowed at low dose, ≤10 mg/d). Treatment naïve or treatment experienced (Peg-RBV or triple therapy). Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Age, between 18 and 78 year - old, Previous, Genotype, 1 and 4, infection, Hepatitis C recurrence, abnormal liver function test , positive HCV - RNA , histological signs of hepatitis C recurrence, Viral load, Immunosuppression, tacrolimus and / or mycophenolate ( Prednisone use is allowed at low dose , ≤10 mg / d ), Treatment naïve or treatment experienced, Peg - RBV or triple therapy Options: Temporal, Condition, Value, Person, Procedure, Scope, Measurement

[ "B-Person", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "B-Condition", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Procedure", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O" ]

Age between 18 and 78 year-old. Previous liver transplantation(more than 6 month). Genotype 1 and 4 infection. Hepatitis C recurrence defined by the presence of abnormal liver function test, positive HCV-RNA, histological signs of hepatitis C recurrence. Viral load ≥10000UI/mL. Immunosuppression with tacrolimus and/or mycophenolate (Prednisone use is allowed at low dose, ≤10 mg/d). Treatment naïve or treatment experienced (Peg-RBV or triple therapy).

[ "Age", "between", "18", "and", "78", "year", "-", "old", ".", "\n", "Previous", "liver", "transplantation(more", "than", "6", "month", ")", ".", "\n", "Genotype", "1", "and", "4", "infection", ".", "\n", "Hepatitis", "C", "recurrence", "defined", "by", "the", "presence", "of", "abnormal", "liver", "function", "test", ",", "positive", "HCV", "-", "RNA", ",", "histological", "signs", "of", "hepatitis", "C", "recurrence", ".", "\n", "Viral", "load", "≥10000UI", "/", "mL.", "\n", "Immunosuppression", "with", "tacrolimus", "and", "/", "or", "mycophenolate", "(", "Prednisone", "use", "is", "allowed", "at", "low", "dose", ",", "≤10", "mg", "/", "d", ")", ".", "\n", "Treatment", "naïve", "or", "treatment", "experienced", "(", "Peg", "-", "RBV", "or", "triple", "therapy", ")", ".", "\n" ]

[ "Scope", "Condition", "Value", "Procedure", "Measurement", "Temporal", "Drug", "Multiplier", "Person" ]

Age, between 18 and 78 year - old, Previous, Genotype, 1 and 4, infection, Hepatitis C recurrence, abnormal liver function test , positive HCV - RNA , histological signs of hepatitis C recurrence, Viral load, Immunosuppression, tacrolimus and / or mycophenolate ( Prednisone use is allowed at low dose , ≤10 mg / d ), Treatment naïve or treatment experienced, Peg - RBV or triple therapy

NCT02890719_inc_task2

Sentence: Age between 18 and 78 year-old. Previous liver transplantation(more than 6 month). Genotype 1 and 4 infection. Hepatitis C recurrence defined by the presence of abnormal liver function test, positive HCV-RNA, histological signs of hepatitis C recurrence. Viral load ≥10000UI/mL. Immunosuppression with tacrolimus and/or mycophenolate (Prednisone use is allowed at low dose, ≤10 mg/d). Treatment naïve or treatment experienced (Peg-RBV or triple therapy). Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "B-Person", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "O", "O", "B-Temporal", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "B-Value", "I-Value", "I-Value", "B-Condition", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "B-Measurement", "I-Measurement", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Procedure", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "B-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "I-Scope", "O", "O", "O" ]

Age between 18 and 78 year-old. Previous liver transplantation(more than 6 month). Genotype 1 and 4 infection. Hepatitis C recurrence defined by the presence of abnormal liver function test, positive HCV-RNA, histological signs of hepatitis C recurrence. Viral load ≥10000UI/mL. Immunosuppression with tacrolimus and/or mycophenolate (Prednisone use is allowed at low dose, ≤10 mg/d). Treatment naïve or treatment experienced (Peg-RBV or triple therapy).

[ "Age", "between", "18", "and", "78", "year", "-", "old", ".", "\n", "Previous", "liver", "transplantation(more", "than", "6", "month", ")", ".", "\n", "Genotype", "1", "and", "4", "infection", ".", "\n", "Hepatitis", "C", "recurrence", "defined", "by", "the", "presence", "of", "abnormal", "liver", "function", "test", ",", "positive", "HCV", "-", "RNA", ",", "histological", "signs", "of", "hepatitis", "C", "recurrence", ".", "\n", "Viral", "load", "≥10000UI", "/", "mL.", "\n", "Immunosuppression", "with", "tacrolimus", "and", "/", "or", "mycophenolate", "(", "Prednisone", "use", "is", "allowed", "at", "low", "dose", ",", "≤10", "mg", "/", "d", ")", ".", "\n", "Treatment", "naïve", "or", "treatment", "experienced", "(", "Peg", "-", "RBV", "or", "triple", "therapy", ")", ".", "\n" ]

[ "Scope", "Condition", "Value", "Procedure", "Measurement", "Temporal", "Drug", "Multiplier", "Person" ]

PHOX2B is a protein

DS.d1207_task0

Sentence: Later-onset congenital central hypoventilation syndrome due to a heterozygous 24-polyalanine repeat expansion mutation in the PHOX2B gene. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: protein

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O" ]

Later-onset congenital central hypoventilation syndrome due to a heterozygous 24-polyalanine repeat expansion mutation in the PHOX2B gene.

[ "Later", "-", "onset", "congenital", "central", "hypoventilation", "syndrome", "due", "to", "a", "heterozygous", "24-polyalanine", "repeat", "expansion", "mutation", "in", "the", "PHOX2B", "gene", "." ]

[ "compound", "protein" ]

PHOX2B is a protein

DS.d1207_task1

Sentence: Later-onset congenital central hypoventilation syndrome due to a heterozygous 24-polyalanine repeat expansion mutation in the PHOX2B gene. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: PHOX2B Options: protein

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O" ]

Later-onset congenital central hypoventilation syndrome due to a heterozygous 24-polyalanine repeat expansion mutation in the PHOX2B gene.

[ "Later", "-", "onset", "congenital", "central", "hypoventilation", "syndrome", "due", "to", "a", "heterozygous", "24-polyalanine", "repeat", "expansion", "mutation", "in", "the", "PHOX2B", "gene", "." ]

[ "compound", "protein" ]

PHOX2B

DS.d1207_task2

Sentence: Later-onset congenital central hypoventilation syndrome due to a heterozygous 24-polyalanine repeat expansion mutation in the PHOX2B gene. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-protein", "O", "O" ]

Later-onset congenital central hypoventilation syndrome due to a heterozygous 24-polyalanine repeat expansion mutation in the PHOX2B gene.

[ "Later", "-", "onset", "congenital", "central", "hypoventilation", "syndrome", "due", "to", "a", "heterozygous", "24-polyalanine", "repeat", "expansion", "mutation", "in", "the", "PHOX2B", "gene", "." ]

[ "compound", "protein" ]

Diagnose- is an umlsterm, Therapiestudien is an umlsterm, Diagnostik is an umlsterm, Therapieerfolges is an umlsterm, bildgebende is an umlsterm, Nuklearmedizin is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Replikationszahl is an umlsterm, Replikationszahl is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm

DerRadiologe.90390489.ger.abstr_task0

Sentence: Der nachfolgende Text beschreibt einen einfach durchfuehrbaren Ansatz zur kostenoptimalen Fallzahlplanung von kontrollierten Diagnose- oder Therapiestudien , wenn das zur Diagnostik oder zur Festmachung eines Therapieerfolges notwendige bildgebende Verfahren wie in der Nuklearmedizin keine volle Reliabilitaet ( Reproduzierbarkeit der Einzelauswertung ) aufweist , sondern mehrere wiederholte Auswertungen der Rohdaten eines Patienten notwendig sind . Unter Vorgabe einer Kostenstruktur fuer die geplante Studie kann dann ueber eine kostenoptimale Replikationszahl pro Studienteilnehmer eine an diese Replikationszahl angepasste Studiengruppengroesse berechnet werden . Das beschriebene Vorgehen bringt vor allem dann eine merkliche Kostenersparnis , wenn die zu wiederholenden Auswertungen der Rohdaten nur einen geringen Bruchteil derjenigen Kosten verursachen , welche etwa fuer die Vorbereitung eines Patienten auf die Messung oder die Gewinnung der Rohdaten in dieser Messung mit dem bildgebenden Verfahren anfallen . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Der nachfolgende Text beschreibt einen einfach durchfuehrbaren Ansatz zur kostenoptimalen Fallzahlplanung von kontrollierten Diagnose- oder Therapiestudien , wenn das zur Diagnostik oder zur Festmachung eines Therapieerfolges notwendige bildgebende Verfahren wie in der Nuklearmedizin keine volle Reliabilitaet ( Reproduzierbarkeit der Einzelauswertung ) aufweist , sondern mehrere wiederholte Auswertungen der Rohdaten eines Patienten notwendig sind . Unter Vorgabe einer Kostenstruktur fuer die geplante Studie kann dann ueber eine kostenoptimale Replikationszahl pro Studienteilnehmer eine an diese Replikationszahl angepasste Studiengruppengroesse berechnet werden . Das beschriebene Vorgehen bringt vor allem dann eine merkliche Kostenersparnis , wenn die zu wiederholenden Auswertungen der Rohdaten nur einen geringen Bruchteil derjenigen Kosten verursachen , welche etwa fuer die Vorbereitung eines Patienten auf die Messung oder die Gewinnung der Rohdaten in dieser Messung mit dem bildgebenden Verfahren anfallen .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Diagnose- is an umlsterm, Therapiestudien is an umlsterm, Diagnostik is an umlsterm, Therapieerfolges is an umlsterm, bildgebende is an umlsterm, Nuklearmedizin is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm, Replikationszahl is an umlsterm, Replikationszahl is an umlsterm, Patienten is an umlsterm

DerRadiologe.90390489.ger.abstr_task1

Sentence: Der nachfolgende Text beschreibt einen einfach durchfuehrbaren Ansatz zur kostenoptimalen Fallzahlplanung von kontrollierten Diagnose- oder Therapiestudien , wenn das zur Diagnostik oder zur Festmachung eines Therapieerfolges notwendige bildgebende Verfahren wie in der Nuklearmedizin keine volle Reliabilitaet ( Reproduzierbarkeit der Einzelauswertung ) aufweist , sondern mehrere wiederholte Auswertungen der Rohdaten eines Patienten notwendig sind . Unter Vorgabe einer Kostenstruktur fuer die geplante Studie kann dann ueber eine kostenoptimale Replikationszahl pro Studienteilnehmer eine an diese Replikationszahl angepasste Studiengruppengroesse berechnet werden . Das beschriebene Vorgehen bringt vor allem dann eine merkliche Kostenersparnis , wenn die zu wiederholenden Auswertungen der Rohdaten nur einen geringen Bruchteil derjenigen Kosten verursachen , welche etwa fuer die Vorbereitung eines Patienten auf die Messung oder die Gewinnung der Rohdaten in dieser Messung mit dem bildgebenden Verfahren anfallen . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Diagnose-, Therapiestudien, Diagnostik, Therapieerfolges, bildgebende, Nuklearmedizin, Patienten, Replikationszahl, Replikationszahl, Patienten Options: umlsterm

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Der nachfolgende Text beschreibt einen einfach durchfuehrbaren Ansatz zur kostenoptimalen Fallzahlplanung von kontrollierten Diagnose- oder Therapiestudien , wenn das zur Diagnostik oder zur Festmachung eines Therapieerfolges notwendige bildgebende Verfahren wie in der Nuklearmedizin keine volle Reliabilitaet ( Reproduzierbarkeit der Einzelauswertung ) aufweist , sondern mehrere wiederholte Auswertungen der Rohdaten eines Patienten notwendig sind . Unter Vorgabe einer Kostenstruktur fuer die geplante Studie kann dann ueber eine kostenoptimale Replikationszahl pro Studienteilnehmer eine an diese Replikationszahl angepasste Studiengruppengroesse berechnet werden . Das beschriebene Vorgehen bringt vor allem dann eine merkliche Kostenersparnis , wenn die zu wiederholenden Auswertungen der Rohdaten nur einen geringen Bruchteil derjenigen Kosten verursachen , welche etwa fuer die Vorbereitung eines Patienten auf die Messung oder die Gewinnung der Rohdaten in dieser Messung mit dem bildgebenden Verfahren anfallen .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Diagnose-, Therapiestudien, Diagnostik, Therapieerfolges, bildgebende, Nuklearmedizin, Patienten, Replikationszahl, Replikationszahl, Patienten

DerRadiologe.90390489.ger.abstr_task2

Sentence: Der nachfolgende Text beschreibt einen einfach durchfuehrbaren Ansatz zur kostenoptimalen Fallzahlplanung von kontrollierten Diagnose- oder Therapiestudien , wenn das zur Diagnostik oder zur Festmachung eines Therapieerfolges notwendige bildgebende Verfahren wie in der Nuklearmedizin keine volle Reliabilitaet ( Reproduzierbarkeit der Einzelauswertung ) aufweist , sondern mehrere wiederholte Auswertungen der Rohdaten eines Patienten notwendig sind . Unter Vorgabe einer Kostenstruktur fuer die geplante Studie kann dann ueber eine kostenoptimale Replikationszahl pro Studienteilnehmer eine an diese Replikationszahl angepasste Studiengruppengroesse berechnet werden . Das beschriebene Vorgehen bringt vor allem dann eine merkliche Kostenersparnis , wenn die zu wiederholenden Auswertungen der Rohdaten nur einen geringen Bruchteil derjenigen Kosten verursachen , welche etwa fuer die Vorbereitung eines Patienten auf die Messung oder die Gewinnung der Rohdaten in dieser Messung mit dem bildgebenden Verfahren anfallen . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Der nachfolgende Text beschreibt einen einfach durchfuehrbaren Ansatz zur kostenoptimalen Fallzahlplanung von kontrollierten Diagnose- oder Therapiestudien , wenn das zur Diagnostik oder zur Festmachung eines Therapieerfolges notwendige bildgebende Verfahren wie in der Nuklearmedizin keine volle Reliabilitaet ( Reproduzierbarkeit der Einzelauswertung ) aufweist , sondern mehrere wiederholte Auswertungen der Rohdaten eines Patienten notwendig sind . Unter Vorgabe einer Kostenstruktur fuer die geplante Studie kann dann ueber eine kostenoptimale Replikationszahl pro Studienteilnehmer eine an diese Replikationszahl angepasste Studiengruppengroesse berechnet werden . Das beschriebene Vorgehen bringt vor allem dann eine merkliche Kostenersparnis , wenn die zu wiederholenden Auswertungen der Rohdaten nur einen geringen Bruchteil derjenigen Kosten verursachen , welche etwa fuer die Vorbereitung eines Patienten auf die Messung oder die Gewinnung der Rohdaten in dieser Messung mit dem bildgebenden Verfahren anfallen .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

human sialidases is a GENE-N

20222714_task0

Sentence: Complexity in influenza virus targeted drug design: interaction with human sialidases. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: GENE-N

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O" ]

Complexity in influenza virus targeted drug design: interaction with human sialidases.

[ "Complexity", "in", "influenza", "virus", "targeted", "drug", "design", ":", "interaction", "with", "human", "sialidases", "." ]

[ "GENE-N", "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL" ]

human sialidases is a GENE-N

20222714_task1

Sentence: Complexity in influenza virus targeted drug design: interaction with human sialidases. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: human sialidases Options: GENE-N

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O" ]

Complexity in influenza virus targeted drug design: interaction with human sialidases.

[ "Complexity", "in", "influenza", "virus", "targeted", "drug", "design", ":", "interaction", "with", "human", "sialidases", "." ]

[ "GENE-N", "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL" ]

human sialidases

20222714_task2

Sentence: Complexity in influenza virus targeted drug design: interaction with human sialidases. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-N", "I-GENE-N", "O" ]

Complexity in influenza virus targeted drug design: interaction with human sialidases.

[ "Complexity", "in", "influenza", "virus", "targeted", "drug", "design", ":", "interaction", "with", "human", "sialidases", "." ]

[ "GENE-N", "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL" ]

Auge is an umlsterm, Gesichtsfeldererfassung is an umlsterm, Farbsehens is an umlsterm, Kontrastwahrnehmung is an umlsterm, Sehschaerfe is an umlsterm

DerOpthalmologe.80950639.ger.abstr_task0

Sentence: Fast alle relevanten Informationen des Piloten - sowohl im Sicht- , als auch im Instrumentenflug - erfolgen optisch ueber das Auge . Aus diesem Grunde ist in den " Richtlinien fuer die Tauglichkeit " neben den uebrigen Parametern wie Gesichtsfeldererfassung , Pruefung des Farbsehens , der Kontrastwahrnehmung und der Dunkeladaption vor allem die Sehschaerfe von Bedeutung . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O" ]

Fast alle relevanten Informationen des Piloten - sowohl im Sicht- , als auch im Instrumentenflug - erfolgen optisch ueber das Auge . Aus diesem Grunde ist in den " Richtlinien fuer die Tauglichkeit " neben den uebrigen Parametern wie Gesichtsfeldererfassung , Pruefung des Farbsehens , der Kontrastwahrnehmung und der Dunkeladaption vor allem die Sehschaerfe von Bedeutung .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Auge is an umlsterm, Gesichtsfeldererfassung is an umlsterm, Farbsehens is an umlsterm, Kontrastwahrnehmung is an umlsterm, Sehschaerfe is an umlsterm

DerOpthalmologe.80950639.ger.abstr_task1

Sentence: Fast alle relevanten Informationen des Piloten - sowohl im Sicht- , als auch im Instrumentenflug - erfolgen optisch ueber das Auge . Aus diesem Grunde ist in den " Richtlinien fuer die Tauglichkeit " neben den uebrigen Parametern wie Gesichtsfeldererfassung , Pruefung des Farbsehens , der Kontrastwahrnehmung und der Dunkeladaption vor allem die Sehschaerfe von Bedeutung . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Auge, Gesichtsfeldererfassung, Farbsehens, Kontrastwahrnehmung, Sehschaerfe Options: umlsterm

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O" ]

Fast alle relevanten Informationen des Piloten - sowohl im Sicht- , als auch im Instrumentenflug - erfolgen optisch ueber das Auge . Aus diesem Grunde ist in den " Richtlinien fuer die Tauglichkeit " neben den uebrigen Parametern wie Gesichtsfeldererfassung , Pruefung des Farbsehens , der Kontrastwahrnehmung und der Dunkeladaption vor allem die Sehschaerfe von Bedeutung .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Auge, Gesichtsfeldererfassung, Farbsehens, Kontrastwahrnehmung, Sehschaerfe

DerOpthalmologe.80950639.ger.abstr_task2

Sentence: Fast alle relevanten Informationen des Piloten - sowohl im Sicht- , als auch im Instrumentenflug - erfolgen optisch ueber das Auge . Aus diesem Grunde ist in den " Richtlinien fuer die Tauglichkeit " neben den uebrigen Parametern wie Gesichtsfeldererfassung , Pruefung des Farbsehens , der Kontrastwahrnehmung und der Dunkeladaption vor allem die Sehschaerfe von Bedeutung . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O" ]

Fast alle relevanten Informationen des Piloten - sowohl im Sicht- , als auch im Instrumentenflug - erfolgen optisch ueber das Auge . Aus diesem Grunde ist in den " Richtlinien fuer die Tauglichkeit " neben den uebrigen Parametern wie Gesichtsfeldererfassung , Pruefung des Farbsehens , der Kontrastwahrnehmung und der Dunkeladaption vor allem die Sehschaerfe von Bedeutung .

[ "Fast", "alle", "relevanten", "Informationen", "des", "Piloten", "-", "sowohl", "im", "Sicht-", ",", "als", "auch", "im", "Instrumentenflug", "-", "erfolgen", "optisch", "ueber", "das", "Auge", ".", "Aus", "diesem", "Grunde", "ist", "in", "den", "\"", "Richtlinien", "fuer", "die", "Tauglichkeit", "\"", "neben", "den", "uebrigen", "Parametern", "wie", "Gesichtsfeldererfassung", ",", "Pruefung", "des", "Farbsehens", ",", "der", "Kontrastwahrnehmung", "und", "der", "Dunkeladaption", "vor", "allem", "die", "Sehschaerfe", "von", "Bedeutung", "." ]

[ "umlsterm" ]

aphthae is an umlsterm, aphthoses is an umlsterm, oral mucosa is an umlsterm, Aphthae is an umlsterm, ulcers is an umlsterm, origin is an umlsterm, research is an umlsterm, aphthoses is an umlsterm, aphthosis is an umlsterm, disease is an umlsterm, diagnostic is an umlsterm, Europe is an umlsterm, vasculitis is an umlsterm, disorder is an umlsterm, prognosis is an umlsterm, the changing is an umlsterm, recognition is an umlsterm, disease is an umlsterm, aphthous stomatitis is an umlsterm, occurrence is an umlsterm, aphthosis is an umlsterm, diagnostic is an umlsterm, competence is an umlsterm, physicians is an umlsterm, recognition is an umlsterm, disease is an umlsterm, review is an umlsterm, diagnostic is an umlsterm, therapeutic is an umlsterm, aphthoses is an umlsterm

HNO.80460102.eng.abstr_task0

Sentence: Recurrent aphthae ( or aphthoses ) are the most frequent inflammatory lesions of the oral mucosa . Aphthae can clearly be defined , but may also be barely discernible from aphthoid erosions and ulcers of heterogeneous origin . Although a subject of molecular research , the etiopathogenesis of oral aphthoses is still unknown . However , the clinical differentiation of a " benign " type of aphthosis from a " pernicious " one , such as Behçet's disease ( BD ) , is a diagnostic matter of great significance . BD has been found clinically in increasing numbers in central Europe and represents an ( auto- ) hyperimmune multisystem life-threatening vasculitis . In this disorder possible damage can occur to many visceral organs and/or the cerebrospinal system . The prognosis of BD may depend on the changing involvement of very different organs , as well as the early recognition of the disease per se . The most prominent feature is a multilesional aphthous stomatitis that is almost never absent during acute episodes of BD . Hence , the occurrence of this peculiar type of aphthosis strongly indicates an active BD . The plethora of other aphthoid lesions can be challenging to the diagnostic competence of all physicians and may confuse the correct recognition of the severity of the disease present . This review particularly details the wide range of diagnostic , therapeutic and prognostic aspects of the various oral aphthoses . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

[ "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O" ]

Recurrent aphthae ( or aphthoses ) are the most frequent inflammatory lesions of the oral mucosa . Aphthae can clearly be defined , but may also be barely discernible from aphthoid erosions and ulcers of heterogeneous origin . Although a subject of molecular research , the etiopathogenesis of oral aphthoses is still unknown . However , the clinical differentiation of a " benign " type of aphthosis from a " pernicious " one , such as Behçet's disease ( BD ) , is a diagnostic matter of great significance . BD has been found clinically in increasing numbers in central Europe and represents an ( auto- ) hyperimmune multisystem life-threatening vasculitis . In this disorder possible damage can occur to many visceral organs and/or the cerebrospinal system . The prognosis of BD may depend on the changing involvement of very different organs , as well as the early recognition of the disease per se . The most prominent feature is a multilesional aphthous stomatitis that is almost never absent during acute episodes of BD . Hence , the occurrence of this peculiar type of aphthosis strongly indicates an active BD . The plethora of other aphthoid lesions can be challenging to the diagnostic competence of all physicians and may confuse the correct recognition of the severity of the disease present . This review particularly details the wide range of diagnostic , therapeutic and prognostic aspects of the various oral aphthoses .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

aphthae is an umlsterm, aphthoses is an umlsterm, oral mucosa is an umlsterm, Aphthae is an umlsterm, ulcers is an umlsterm, origin is an umlsterm, research is an umlsterm, aphthoses is an umlsterm, aphthosis is an umlsterm, disease is an umlsterm, diagnostic is an umlsterm, Europe is an umlsterm, vasculitis is an umlsterm, disorder is an umlsterm, prognosis is an umlsterm, the changing is an umlsterm, recognition is an umlsterm, disease is an umlsterm, aphthous stomatitis is an umlsterm, occurrence is an umlsterm, aphthosis is an umlsterm, diagnostic is an umlsterm, competence is an umlsterm, physicians is an umlsterm, recognition is an umlsterm, disease is an umlsterm, review is an umlsterm, diagnostic is an umlsterm, therapeutic is an umlsterm, aphthoses is an umlsterm

HNO.80460102.eng.abstr_task1

Sentence: Recurrent aphthae ( or aphthoses ) are the most frequent inflammatory lesions of the oral mucosa . Aphthae can clearly be defined , but may also be barely discernible from aphthoid erosions and ulcers of heterogeneous origin . Although a subject of molecular research , the etiopathogenesis of oral aphthoses is still unknown . However , the clinical differentiation of a " benign " type of aphthosis from a " pernicious " one , such as Behçet's disease ( BD ) , is a diagnostic matter of great significance . BD has been found clinically in increasing numbers in central Europe and represents an ( auto- ) hyperimmune multisystem life-threatening vasculitis . In this disorder possible damage can occur to many visceral organs and/or the cerebrospinal system . The prognosis of BD may depend on the changing involvement of very different organs , as well as the early recognition of the disease per se . The most prominent feature is a multilesional aphthous stomatitis that is almost never absent during acute episodes of BD . Hence , the occurrence of this peculiar type of aphthosis strongly indicates an active BD . The plethora of other aphthoid lesions can be challenging to the diagnostic competence of all physicians and may confuse the correct recognition of the severity of the disease present . This review particularly details the wide range of diagnostic , therapeutic and prognostic aspects of the various oral aphthoses . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: aphthae, aphthoses, oral mucosa, Aphthae, ulcers, origin, research, aphthoses, aphthosis, disease, diagnostic, Europe, vasculitis, disorder, prognosis, the changing, recognition, disease, aphthous stomatitis, occurrence, aphthosis, diagnostic, competence, physicians, recognition, disease, review, diagnostic, therapeutic, aphthoses Options: umlsterm

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Recurrent aphthae ( or aphthoses ) are the most frequent inflammatory lesions of the oral mucosa . Aphthae can clearly be defined , but may also be barely discernible from aphthoid erosions and ulcers of heterogeneous origin . Although a subject of molecular research , the etiopathogenesis of oral aphthoses is still unknown . However , the clinical differentiation of a " benign " type of aphthosis from a " pernicious " one , such as Behçet's disease ( BD ) , is a diagnostic matter of great significance . BD has been found clinically in increasing numbers in central Europe and represents an ( auto- ) hyperimmune multisystem life-threatening vasculitis . In this disorder possible damage can occur to many visceral organs and/or the cerebrospinal system . The prognosis of BD may depend on the changing involvement of very different organs , as well as the early recognition of the disease per se . The most prominent feature is a multilesional aphthous stomatitis that is almost never absent during acute episodes of BD . Hence , the occurrence of this peculiar type of aphthosis strongly indicates an active BD . The plethora of other aphthoid lesions can be challenging to the diagnostic competence of all physicians and may confuse the correct recognition of the severity of the disease present . This review particularly details the wide range of diagnostic , therapeutic and prognostic aspects of the various oral aphthoses .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

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HNO.80460102.eng.abstr_task2

Sentence: Recurrent aphthae ( or aphthoses ) are the most frequent inflammatory lesions of the oral mucosa . Aphthae can clearly be defined , but may also be barely discernible from aphthoid erosions and ulcers of heterogeneous origin . Although a subject of molecular research , the etiopathogenesis of oral aphthoses is still unknown . However , the clinical differentiation of a " benign " type of aphthosis from a " pernicious " one , such as Behçet's disease ( BD ) , is a diagnostic matter of great significance . BD has been found clinically in increasing numbers in central Europe and represents an ( auto- ) hyperimmune multisystem life-threatening vasculitis . In this disorder possible damage can occur to many visceral organs and/or the cerebrospinal system . The prognosis of BD may depend on the changing involvement of very different organs , as well as the early recognition of the disease per se . The most prominent feature is a multilesional aphthous stomatitis that is almost never absent during acute episodes of BD . Hence , the occurrence of this peculiar type of aphthosis strongly indicates an active BD . The plethora of other aphthoid lesions can be challenging to the diagnostic competence of all physicians and may confuse the correct recognition of the severity of the disease present . This review particularly details the wide range of diagnostic , therapeutic and prognostic aspects of the various oral aphthoses . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Recurrent aphthae ( or aphthoses ) are the most frequent inflammatory lesions of the oral mucosa . Aphthae can clearly be defined , but may also be barely discernible from aphthoid erosions and ulcers of heterogeneous origin . Although a subject of molecular research , the etiopathogenesis of oral aphthoses is still unknown . However , the clinical differentiation of a " benign " type of aphthosis from a " pernicious " one , such as Behçet's disease ( BD ) , is a diagnostic matter of great significance . BD has been found clinically in increasing numbers in central Europe and represents an ( auto- ) hyperimmune multisystem life-threatening vasculitis . In this disorder possible damage can occur to many visceral organs and/or the cerebrospinal system . The prognosis of BD may depend on the changing involvement of very different organs , as well as the early recognition of the disease per se . The most prominent feature is a multilesional aphthous stomatitis that is almost never absent during acute episodes of BD . Hence , the occurrence of this peculiar type of aphthosis strongly indicates an active BD . The plethora of other aphthoid lesions can be challenging to the diagnostic competence of all physicians and may confuse the correct recognition of the severity of the disease present . This review particularly details the wide range of diagnostic , therapeutic and prognostic aspects of the various oral aphthoses .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

treatment is an umlsterm, stem is an umlsterm, operation is an umlsterm, method is an umlsterm, choice is an umlsterm, stem is an umlsterm, stage is an umlsterm, disease is an umlsterm, treatment is an umlsterm, vein is an umlsterm, stump is an umlsterm, surgical treatment is an umlsterm, surgery is an umlsterm, patients is an umlsterm, stumps is an umlsterm, occurrence is an umlsterm, surgery is an umlsterm, treatment is an umlsterm, veins is an umlsterm, surgical is an umlsterm, therapy is an umlsterm, postoperative is an umlsterm, sclerotherapy is an umlsterm, veins is an umlsterm, period is an umlsterm, stumps is an umlsterm, graft is an umlsterm, stumps is an umlsterm, graft is an umlsterm, future is an umlsterm, surgical treatment is an umlsterm, stem is an umlsterm

Gefaesschirurgie.80030226.eng.abstr_task0

Sentence: The stage-oriented treatment of stem varicosis is the operation method of choice . Nowadays , partial stem varicosis , which is an earlier stage of the disease , leads to operative treatment more frequently than 10 years ago ; thus a sufficient vein stump remains after surgical treatment . After surgery on a group of 1000 patients , we examined the stumps for patency , the occurrence of varicose changes , for their availability in the long term , and the sufficiency of their length for aortocoronary or peripheral bypass surgery . The treatment of insufficient perforant veins was also included in the surgical therapy , as well as postoperative sclerotherapy of remaining lateral veins . With a follow-up period of up to 33 months postoperatively , the results show a high patency rate in the remaining stumps ( 97% ) , as well as a high sufficiency rate ( 94% ) , with a mean graft length of 29.4 cm . Thus these stumps constitute a good natural graft for future vascular reconstructions . This study supports the call for the stage-oriented surgical treatment of stem varicosis . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

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The stage-oriented treatment of stem varicosis is the operation method of choice . Nowadays , partial stem varicosis , which is an earlier stage of the disease , leads to operative treatment more frequently than 10 years ago ; thus a sufficient vein stump remains after surgical treatment . After surgery on a group of 1000 patients , we examined the stumps for patency , the occurrence of varicose changes , for their availability in the long term , and the sufficiency of their length for aortocoronary or peripheral bypass surgery . The treatment of insufficient perforant veins was also included in the surgical therapy , as well as postoperative sclerotherapy of remaining lateral veins . With a follow-up period of up to 33 months postoperatively , the results show a high patency rate in the remaining stumps ( 97% ) , as well as a high sufficiency rate ( 94% ) , with a mean graft length of 29.4 cm . Thus these stumps constitute a good natural graft for future vascular reconstructions . This study supports the call for the stage-oriented surgical treatment of stem varicosis .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

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Gefaesschirurgie.80030226.eng.abstr_task1

Sentence: The stage-oriented treatment of stem varicosis is the operation method of choice . Nowadays , partial stem varicosis , which is an earlier stage of the disease , leads to operative treatment more frequently than 10 years ago ; thus a sufficient vein stump remains after surgical treatment . After surgery on a group of 1000 patients , we examined the stumps for patency , the occurrence of varicose changes , for their availability in the long term , and the sufficiency of their length for aortocoronary or peripheral bypass surgery . The treatment of insufficient perforant veins was also included in the surgical therapy , as well as postoperative sclerotherapy of remaining lateral veins . With a follow-up period of up to 33 months postoperatively , the results show a high patency rate in the remaining stumps ( 97% ) , as well as a high sufficiency rate ( 94% ) , with a mean graft length of 29.4 cm . Thus these stumps constitute a good natural graft for future vascular reconstructions . This study supports the call for the stage-oriented surgical treatment of stem varicosis . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: treatment, stem, operation, method, choice, stem, stage, disease, treatment, vein, stump, surgical treatment, surgery, patients, stumps, occurrence, surgery, treatment, veins, surgical, therapy, postoperative, sclerotherapy, veins, period, stumps, graft, stumps, graft, future, surgical treatment, stem Options: umlsterm

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The stage-oriented treatment of stem varicosis is the operation method of choice . Nowadays , partial stem varicosis , which is an earlier stage of the disease , leads to operative treatment more frequently than 10 years ago ; thus a sufficient vein stump remains after surgical treatment . After surgery on a group of 1000 patients , we examined the stumps for patency , the occurrence of varicose changes , for their availability in the long term , and the sufficiency of their length for aortocoronary or peripheral bypass surgery . The treatment of insufficient perforant veins was also included in the surgical therapy , as well as postoperative sclerotherapy of remaining lateral veins . With a follow-up period of up to 33 months postoperatively , the results show a high patency rate in the remaining stumps ( 97% ) , as well as a high sufficiency rate ( 94% ) , with a mean graft length of 29.4 cm . Thus these stumps constitute a good natural graft for future vascular reconstructions . This study supports the call for the stage-oriented surgical treatment of stem varicosis .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

treatment, stem, operation, method, choice, stem, stage, disease, treatment, vein, stump, surgical treatment, surgery, patients, stumps, occurrence, surgery, treatment, veins, surgical, therapy, postoperative, sclerotherapy, veins, period, stumps, graft, stumps, graft, future, surgical treatment, stem

Gefaesschirurgie.80030226.eng.abstr_task2

Sentence: The stage-oriented treatment of stem varicosis is the operation method of choice . Nowadays , partial stem varicosis , which is an earlier stage of the disease , leads to operative treatment more frequently than 10 years ago ; thus a sufficient vein stump remains after surgical treatment . After surgery on a group of 1000 patients , we examined the stumps for patency , the occurrence of varicose changes , for their availability in the long term , and the sufficiency of their length for aortocoronary or peripheral bypass surgery . The treatment of insufficient perforant veins was also included in the surgical therapy , as well as postoperative sclerotherapy of remaining lateral veins . With a follow-up period of up to 33 months postoperatively , the results show a high patency rate in the remaining stumps ( 97% ) , as well as a high sufficiency rate ( 94% ) , with a mean graft length of 29.4 cm . Thus these stumps constitute a good natural graft for future vascular reconstructions . This study supports the call for the stage-oriented surgical treatment of stem varicosis . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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The stage-oriented treatment of stem varicosis is the operation method of choice . Nowadays , partial stem varicosis , which is an earlier stage of the disease , leads to operative treatment more frequently than 10 years ago ; thus a sufficient vein stump remains after surgical treatment . After surgery on a group of 1000 patients , we examined the stumps for patency , the occurrence of varicose changes , for their availability in the long term , and the sufficiency of their length for aortocoronary or peripheral bypass surgery . The treatment of insufficient perforant veins was also included in the surgical therapy , as well as postoperative sclerotherapy of remaining lateral veins . With a follow-up period of up to 33 months postoperatively , the results show a high patency rate in the remaining stumps ( 97% ) , as well as a high sufficiency rate ( 94% ) , with a mean graft length of 29.4 cm . Thus these stumps constitute a good natural graft for future vascular reconstructions . This study supports the call for the stage-oriented surgical treatment of stem varicosis .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

DBT is a Intervention_Educational, dialectical behaviour therapy is a Intervention_Educational, women with borderline personality disorder . is a Participant_Condition, DSH is a Outcome_Mental, women meeting criteria for borderline personality disorder ( BPD ) . is a Participant_Condition, Dialectical behaviour therapy ( DBT ) is a Intervention_Educational, treatment as usual plus waiting list for DBT ( TAU+WL ) is a Intervention_Control, general hospital admission for DSH is a Outcome_Other, psychiatric admission is a Outcome_Other, disability and quality of life measures is a Outcome_Other, DSH and hospitalizations is a Outcome_Physical, DSH , hospital admissions or length of stay is a Outcome_Other, Disability ( days spent in bed ) is a Outcome_Physical, quality of life ( Physical , Psychological and Environmental domains ) is a Outcome_Other, disability and quality of life scores is a Outcome_Other, DBT . is a Intervention_Educational

44208_task0

Sentence: Hunter DBT project : randomized controlled trial of dialectical behaviour therapy in women with borderline personality disorder . OBJECTIVE Deliberate self-harm ( DSH ) , general hospital admission and psychiatric hospital admission are common in women meeting criteria for borderline personality disorder ( BPD ) . Dialectical behaviour therapy ( DBT ) has been reported to be effective in reducing DSH and hospitalization . METHOD A randomized controlled trial of 73 female subjects meeting criteria for BPD was carried out with intention-to-treat analyses and per-protocol analyses . The intervention was DBT and the control condition was treatment as usual plus waiting list for DBT ( TAU+WL ) , with outcomes measured after 6 months . Primary outcomes were differences in proportions and event rates of : any DSH ; general hospital admission for DSH and any psychiatric admission ; and mean difference in length of stay for any hospitalization . Secondary outcomes were disability and quality of life measures . RESULTS Both groups showed a reduction in DSH and hospitalizations , but there were no significant differences in DSH , hospital admissions or length of stay in hospital between groups . Disability ( days spent in bed ) and quality of life ( Physical , Psychological and Environmental domains ) were significantly improved for the DBT group . CONCLUSION DBT produced non-significant reductions in DSH and hospitalization when compared to the TAU+WL control , due in part to the lower than expected rates of hospitalization in the control condition . Nevertheless , DBT showed significant benefits for the secondary outcomes of improved disability and quality of life scores , a clinically useful result that is also in keeping with the theoretical constructs of the benefits of DBT . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Control, Participant_Condition, Intervention_Educational, Outcome_Physical, Outcome_Other, Outcome_Mental

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Hunter DBT project : randomized controlled trial of dialectical behaviour therapy in women with borderline personality disorder . OBJECTIVE Deliberate self-harm ( DSH ) , general hospital admission and psychiatric hospital admission are common in women meeting criteria for borderline personality disorder ( BPD ) . Dialectical behaviour therapy ( DBT ) has been reported to be effective in reducing DSH and hospitalization . METHOD A randomized controlled trial of 73 female subjects meeting criteria for BPD was carried out with intention-to-treat analyses and per-protocol analyses . The intervention was DBT and the control condition was treatment as usual plus waiting list for DBT ( TAU+WL ) , with outcomes measured after 6 months . Primary outcomes were differences in proportions and event rates of : any DSH ; general hospital admission for DSH and any psychiatric admission ; and mean difference in length of stay for any hospitalization . Secondary outcomes were disability and quality of life measures . RESULTS Both groups showed a reduction in DSH and hospitalizations , but there were no significant differences in DSH , hospital admissions or length of stay in hospital between groups . Disability ( days spent in bed ) and quality of life ( Physical , Psychological and Environmental domains ) were significantly improved for the DBT group . CONCLUSION DBT produced non-significant reductions in DSH and hospitalization when compared to the TAU+WL control , due in part to the lower than expected rates of hospitalization in the control condition . Nevertheless , DBT showed significant benefits for the secondary outcomes of improved disability and quality of life scores , a clinically useful result that is also in keeping with the theoretical constructs of the benefits of DBT .

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[ "Outcome_Other", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Control", "Intervention_Educational", "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Mental" ]

DBT is a Intervention_Educational, dialectical behaviour therapy is a Intervention_Educational, women with borderline personality disorder . is a Participant_Condition, DSH is a Outcome_Mental, women meeting criteria for borderline personality disorder ( BPD ) . is a Participant_Condition, Dialectical behaviour therapy ( DBT ) is a Intervention_Educational, treatment as usual plus waiting list for DBT ( TAU+WL ) is a Intervention_Control, general hospital admission for DSH is a Outcome_Other, psychiatric admission is a Outcome_Other, disability and quality of life measures is a Outcome_Other, DSH and hospitalizations is a Outcome_Physical, DSH , hospital admissions or length of stay is a Outcome_Other, Disability ( days spent in bed ) is a Outcome_Physical, quality of life ( Physical , Psychological and Environmental domains ) is a Outcome_Other, disability and quality of life scores is a Outcome_Other, DBT . is a Intervention_Educational

44208_task1

Sentence: Hunter DBT project : randomized controlled trial of dialectical behaviour therapy in women with borderline personality disorder . OBJECTIVE Deliberate self-harm ( DSH ) , general hospital admission and psychiatric hospital admission are common in women meeting criteria for borderline personality disorder ( BPD ) . Dialectical behaviour therapy ( DBT ) has been reported to be effective in reducing DSH and hospitalization . METHOD A randomized controlled trial of 73 female subjects meeting criteria for BPD was carried out with intention-to-treat analyses and per-protocol analyses . The intervention was DBT and the control condition was treatment as usual plus waiting list for DBT ( TAU+WL ) , with outcomes measured after 6 months . Primary outcomes were differences in proportions and event rates of : any DSH ; general hospital admission for DSH and any psychiatric admission ; and mean difference in length of stay for any hospitalization . Secondary outcomes were disability and quality of life measures . RESULTS Both groups showed a reduction in DSH and hospitalizations , but there were no significant differences in DSH , hospital admissions or length of stay in hospital between groups . Disability ( days spent in bed ) and quality of life ( Physical , Psychological and Environmental domains ) were significantly improved for the DBT group . CONCLUSION DBT produced non-significant reductions in DSH and hospitalization when compared to the TAU+WL control , due in part to the lower than expected rates of hospitalization in the control condition . Nevertheless , DBT showed significant benefits for the secondary outcomes of improved disability and quality of life scores , a clinically useful result that is also in keeping with the theoretical constructs of the benefits of DBT . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: DBT, dialectical behaviour therapy, women with borderline personality disorder ., DSH, women meeting criteria for borderline personality disorder ( BPD ) ., Dialectical behaviour therapy ( DBT ), treatment as usual plus waiting list for DBT ( TAU+WL ), general hospital admission for DSH, psychiatric admission, disability and quality of life measures, DSH and hospitalizations, DSH , hospital admissions or length of stay, Disability ( days spent in bed ), quality of life ( Physical , Psychological and Environmental domains ), disability and quality of life scores, DBT . Options: Intervention_Control, Participant_Condition, Intervention_Educational, Outcome_Physical, Outcome_Other, Outcome_Mental

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Hunter DBT project : randomized controlled trial of dialectical behaviour therapy in women with borderline personality disorder . OBJECTIVE Deliberate self-harm ( DSH ) , general hospital admission and psychiatric hospital admission are common in women meeting criteria for borderline personality disorder ( BPD ) . Dialectical behaviour therapy ( DBT ) has been reported to be effective in reducing DSH and hospitalization . METHOD A randomized controlled trial of 73 female subjects meeting criteria for BPD was carried out with intention-to-treat analyses and per-protocol analyses . The intervention was DBT and the control condition was treatment as usual plus waiting list for DBT ( TAU+WL ) , with outcomes measured after 6 months . Primary outcomes were differences in proportions and event rates of : any DSH ; general hospital admission for DSH and any psychiatric admission ; and mean difference in length of stay for any hospitalization . Secondary outcomes were disability and quality of life measures . RESULTS Both groups showed a reduction in DSH and hospitalizations , but there were no significant differences in DSH , hospital admissions or length of stay in hospital between groups . Disability ( days spent in bed ) and quality of life ( Physical , Psychological and Environmental domains ) were significantly improved for the DBT group . CONCLUSION DBT produced non-significant reductions in DSH and hospitalization when compared to the TAU+WL control , due in part to the lower than expected rates of hospitalization in the control condition . Nevertheless , DBT showed significant benefits for the secondary outcomes of improved disability and quality of life scores , a clinically useful result that is also in keeping with the theoretical constructs of the benefits of DBT .

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[ "Outcome_Other", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Control", "Intervention_Educational", "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Mental" ]

DBT, dialectical behaviour therapy, women with borderline personality disorder ., DSH, women meeting criteria for borderline personality disorder ( BPD ) ., Dialectical behaviour therapy ( DBT ), treatment as usual plus waiting list for DBT ( TAU+WL ), general hospital admission for DSH, psychiatric admission, disability and quality of life measures, DSH and hospitalizations, DSH , hospital admissions or length of stay, Disability ( days spent in bed ), quality of life ( Physical , Psychological and Environmental domains ), disability and quality of life scores, DBT .

44208_task2

Sentence: Hunter DBT project : randomized controlled trial of dialectical behaviour therapy in women with borderline personality disorder . OBJECTIVE Deliberate self-harm ( DSH ) , general hospital admission and psychiatric hospital admission are common in women meeting criteria for borderline personality disorder ( BPD ) . Dialectical behaviour therapy ( DBT ) has been reported to be effective in reducing DSH and hospitalization . METHOD A randomized controlled trial of 73 female subjects meeting criteria for BPD was carried out with intention-to-treat analyses and per-protocol analyses . The intervention was DBT and the control condition was treatment as usual plus waiting list for DBT ( TAU+WL ) , with outcomes measured after 6 months . Primary outcomes were differences in proportions and event rates of : any DSH ; general hospital admission for DSH and any psychiatric admission ; and mean difference in length of stay for any hospitalization . Secondary outcomes were disability and quality of life measures . RESULTS Both groups showed a reduction in DSH and hospitalizations , but there were no significant differences in DSH , hospital admissions or length of stay in hospital between groups . Disability ( days spent in bed ) and quality of life ( Physical , Psychological and Environmental domains ) were significantly improved for the DBT group . CONCLUSION DBT produced non-significant reductions in DSH and hospitalization when compared to the TAU+WL control , due in part to the lower than expected rates of hospitalization in the control condition . Nevertheless , DBT showed significant benefits for the secondary outcomes of improved disability and quality of life scores , a clinically useful result that is also in keeping with the theoretical constructs of the benefits of DBT . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Hunter DBT project : randomized controlled trial of dialectical behaviour therapy in women with borderline personality disorder . OBJECTIVE Deliberate self-harm ( DSH ) , general hospital admission and psychiatric hospital admission are common in women meeting criteria for borderline personality disorder ( BPD ) . Dialectical behaviour therapy ( DBT ) has been reported to be effective in reducing DSH and hospitalization . METHOD A randomized controlled trial of 73 female subjects meeting criteria for BPD was carried out with intention-to-treat analyses and per-protocol analyses . The intervention was DBT and the control condition was treatment as usual plus waiting list for DBT ( TAU+WL ) , with outcomes measured after 6 months . Primary outcomes were differences in proportions and event rates of : any DSH ; general hospital admission for DSH and any psychiatric admission ; and mean difference in length of stay for any hospitalization . Secondary outcomes were disability and quality of life measures . RESULTS Both groups showed a reduction in DSH and hospitalizations , but there were no significant differences in DSH , hospital admissions or length of stay in hospital between groups . Disability ( days spent in bed ) and quality of life ( Physical , Psychological and Environmental domains ) were significantly improved for the DBT group . CONCLUSION DBT produced non-significant reductions in DSH and hospitalization when compared to the TAU+WL control , due in part to the lower than expected rates of hospitalization in the control condition . Nevertheless , DBT showed significant benefits for the secondary outcomes of improved disability and quality of life scores , a clinically useful result that is also in keeping with the theoretical constructs of the benefits of DBT .

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[ "Outcome_Other", "Participant_Condition", "Intervention_Control", "Intervention_Educational", "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Mental" ]

secretin is a Intervention_Physical, Fifty - six is a Participant_Sample-size, 49 is a Participant_Sample-size, boys is a Participant_Condition, 7 is a Participant_Sample-size, girls is a Participant_Condition, mean age = 6.4 years , SD = 2.7 is a Participant_Age, Childhood Autism Rating Scales ( CARS ) is a Outcome_Mental, Thirty - four is a Participant_Sample-size, Pervasive Developmental Disorder is a Participant_Condition, 22 is a Participant_Sample-size, Autistic Disorder is a Participant_Condition, Forty - five is a Participant_Sample-size, drug treatments is a Participant_Condition, changes in GI symptoms is a Outcome_Physical, expressive and / or receptive language function , and improved awareness and social interactions is a Outcome_Mental, adverse effects is a Outcome_Adverse-effects, placebo is a Intervention_Control, transient changes in speech and behavior is a Outcome_Mental

3653_task0

Sentence: Secretin and autism : a two-part clinical investigation . Recent anecdotal reports have touted the gastrointestinal ( GI ) hormone secretin as a treatment modality for autism , though there is little clinical evidence or literature to support its viability . We undertook a two-part clinical trial to investigate these claims . Fifty-six patients ( 49 boys , 7 girls , mean age = 6.4 years , SD = 2.7 ) enrolled in an open-label trial of secretin , during which they received one injection of the hormone ( 2 IU/kg ) . All subjects were evaluated by their parents at baseline and follow-up visits ( 3-6 weeks later , M = 3.7 , SD = 1.4 weeks ) with Childhood Autism Rating Scales ( CARS ) . Thirty-four patients were labeled with Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified , and 22 met diagnostic criteria for Autistic Disorder . Forty-five patients were concurrently on other drug treatments . At follow-up , some reported minimal but potentially significant improvements including changes in GI symptoms , expressive and/or receptive language function , and improved awareness and social interactions . No adverse effects were reported or observed . Subsequently , 17 of the most responsive patients from Study 1 began a double-blind trial that also included 8 newly enrolled patients . Patients in this second study were alternatively entered into one of two groups and received injections of secretin or placebo with crossover at 4 weeks . Patients from Study 1 entered into Study 2 at an average of 6.5 ( SD = 0.8 ) weeks after beginning Study 1 . Results of both inquiries indicate that although treatment with secretin was reported to cause transient changes in speech and behavior in some children , overall it produced few clinically meaningful changes when compared to children given placebo injections . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Outcome_Adverse-effects, Intervention_Physical, Participant_Condition, Intervention_Control, Participant_Age, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size, Outcome_Mental

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Secretin and autism : a two-part clinical investigation . Recent anecdotal reports have touted the gastrointestinal ( GI ) hormone secretin as a treatment modality for autism , though there is little clinical evidence or literature to support its viability . We undertook a two-part clinical trial to investigate these claims . Fifty-six patients ( 49 boys , 7 girls , mean age = 6.4 years , SD = 2.7 ) enrolled in an open-label trial of secretin , during which they received one injection of the hormone ( 2 IU/kg ) . All subjects were evaluated by their parents at baseline and follow-up visits ( 3-6 weeks later , M = 3.7 , SD = 1.4 weeks ) with Childhood Autism Rating Scales ( CARS ) . Thirty-four patients were labeled with Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified , and 22 met diagnostic criteria for Autistic Disorder . Forty-five patients were concurrently on other drug treatments . At follow-up , some reported minimal but potentially significant improvements including changes in GI symptoms , expressive and/or receptive language function , and improved awareness and social interactions . No adverse effects were reported or observed . Subsequently , 17 of the most responsive patients from Study 1 began a double-blind trial that also included 8 newly enrolled patients . Patients in this second study were alternatively entered into one of two groups and received injections of secretin or placebo with crossover at 4 weeks . Patients from Study 1 entered into Study 2 at an average of 6.5 ( SD = 0.8 ) weeks after beginning Study 1 . Results of both inquiries indicate that although treatment with secretin was reported to cause transient changes in speech and behavior in some children , overall it produced few clinically meaningful changes when compared to children given placebo injections .

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[ "Outcome_Mental", "Participant_Condition", "Participant_Age", "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "Participant_Sample-size", "Intervention_Physical", "Intervention_Control" ]

secretin is a Intervention_Physical, Fifty - six is a Participant_Sample-size, 49 is a Participant_Sample-size, boys is a Participant_Condition, 7 is a Participant_Sample-size, girls is a Participant_Condition, mean age = 6.4 years , SD = 2.7 is a Participant_Age, Childhood Autism Rating Scales ( CARS ) is a Outcome_Mental, Thirty - four is a Participant_Sample-size, Pervasive Developmental Disorder is a Participant_Condition, 22 is a Participant_Sample-size, Autistic Disorder is a Participant_Condition, Forty - five is a Participant_Sample-size, drug treatments is a Participant_Condition, changes in GI symptoms is a Outcome_Physical, expressive and / or receptive language function , and improved awareness and social interactions is a Outcome_Mental, adverse effects is a Outcome_Adverse-effects, placebo is a Intervention_Control, transient changes in speech and behavior is a Outcome_Mental

3653_task1

Sentence: Secretin and autism : a two-part clinical investigation . Recent anecdotal reports have touted the gastrointestinal ( GI ) hormone secretin as a treatment modality for autism , though there is little clinical evidence or literature to support its viability . We undertook a two-part clinical trial to investigate these claims . Fifty-six patients ( 49 boys , 7 girls , mean age = 6.4 years , SD = 2.7 ) enrolled in an open-label trial of secretin , during which they received one injection of the hormone ( 2 IU/kg ) . All subjects were evaluated by their parents at baseline and follow-up visits ( 3-6 weeks later , M = 3.7 , SD = 1.4 weeks ) with Childhood Autism Rating Scales ( CARS ) . Thirty-four patients were labeled with Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified , and 22 met diagnostic criteria for Autistic Disorder . Forty-five patients were concurrently on other drug treatments . At follow-up , some reported minimal but potentially significant improvements including changes in GI symptoms , expressive and/or receptive language function , and improved awareness and social interactions . No adverse effects were reported or observed . Subsequently , 17 of the most responsive patients from Study 1 began a double-blind trial that also included 8 newly enrolled patients . Patients in this second study were alternatively entered into one of two groups and received injections of secretin or placebo with crossover at 4 weeks . Patients from Study 1 entered into Study 2 at an average of 6.5 ( SD = 0.8 ) weeks after beginning Study 1 . Results of both inquiries indicate that although treatment with secretin was reported to cause transient changes in speech and behavior in some children , overall it produced few clinically meaningful changes when compared to children given placebo injections . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: secretin, Fifty - six, 49, boys, 7, girls, mean age = 6.4 years , SD = 2.7, Childhood Autism Rating Scales ( CARS ), Thirty - four, Pervasive Developmental Disorder, 22, Autistic Disorder, Forty - five, drug treatments, changes in GI symptoms, expressive and / or receptive language function , and improved awareness and social interactions, adverse effects, placebo, transient changes in speech and behavior Options: Outcome_Adverse-effects, Intervention_Physical, Participant_Condition, Intervention_Control, Participant_Age, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size, Outcome_Mental

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Secretin and autism : a two-part clinical investigation . Recent anecdotal reports have touted the gastrointestinal ( GI ) hormone secretin as a treatment modality for autism , though there is little clinical evidence or literature to support its viability . We undertook a two-part clinical trial to investigate these claims . Fifty-six patients ( 49 boys , 7 girls , mean age = 6.4 years , SD = 2.7 ) enrolled in an open-label trial of secretin , during which they received one injection of the hormone ( 2 IU/kg ) . All subjects were evaluated by their parents at baseline and follow-up visits ( 3-6 weeks later , M = 3.7 , SD = 1.4 weeks ) with Childhood Autism Rating Scales ( CARS ) . Thirty-four patients were labeled with Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified , and 22 met diagnostic criteria for Autistic Disorder . Forty-five patients were concurrently on other drug treatments . At follow-up , some reported minimal but potentially significant improvements including changes in GI symptoms , expressive and/or receptive language function , and improved awareness and social interactions . No adverse effects were reported or observed . Subsequently , 17 of the most responsive patients from Study 1 began a double-blind trial that also included 8 newly enrolled patients . Patients in this second study were alternatively entered into one of two groups and received injections of secretin or placebo with crossover at 4 weeks . Patients from Study 1 entered into Study 2 at an average of 6.5 ( SD = 0.8 ) weeks after beginning Study 1 . Results of both inquiries indicate that although treatment with secretin was reported to cause transient changes in speech and behavior in some children , overall it produced few clinically meaningful changes when compared to children given placebo injections .

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[ "Outcome_Mental", "Participant_Condition", "Participant_Age", "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "Participant_Sample-size", "Intervention_Physical", "Intervention_Control" ]

secretin, Fifty - six, 49, boys, 7, girls, mean age = 6.4 years , SD = 2.7, Childhood Autism Rating Scales ( CARS ), Thirty - four, Pervasive Developmental Disorder, 22, Autistic Disorder, Forty - five, drug treatments, changes in GI symptoms, expressive and / or receptive language function , and improved awareness and social interactions, adverse effects, placebo, transient changes in speech and behavior

3653_task2

Sentence: Secretin and autism : a two-part clinical investigation . Recent anecdotal reports have touted the gastrointestinal ( GI ) hormone secretin as a treatment modality for autism , though there is little clinical evidence or literature to support its viability . We undertook a two-part clinical trial to investigate these claims . Fifty-six patients ( 49 boys , 7 girls , mean age = 6.4 years , SD = 2.7 ) enrolled in an open-label trial of secretin , during which they received one injection of the hormone ( 2 IU/kg ) . All subjects were evaluated by their parents at baseline and follow-up visits ( 3-6 weeks later , M = 3.7 , SD = 1.4 weeks ) with Childhood Autism Rating Scales ( CARS ) . Thirty-four patients were labeled with Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified , and 22 met diagnostic criteria for Autistic Disorder . Forty-five patients were concurrently on other drug treatments . At follow-up , some reported minimal but potentially significant improvements including changes in GI symptoms , expressive and/or receptive language function , and improved awareness and social interactions . No adverse effects were reported or observed . Subsequently , 17 of the most responsive patients from Study 1 began a double-blind trial that also included 8 newly enrolled patients . Patients in this second study were alternatively entered into one of two groups and received injections of secretin or placebo with crossover at 4 weeks . Patients from Study 1 entered into Study 2 at an average of 6.5 ( SD = 0.8 ) weeks after beginning Study 1 . Results of both inquiries indicate that although treatment with secretin was reported to cause transient changes in speech and behavior in some children , overall it produced few clinically meaningful changes when compared to children given placebo injections . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Secretin and autism : a two-part clinical investigation . Recent anecdotal reports have touted the gastrointestinal ( GI ) hormone secretin as a treatment modality for autism , though there is little clinical evidence or literature to support its viability . We undertook a two-part clinical trial to investigate these claims . Fifty-six patients ( 49 boys , 7 girls , mean age = 6.4 years , SD = 2.7 ) enrolled in an open-label trial of secretin , during which they received one injection of the hormone ( 2 IU/kg ) . All subjects were evaluated by their parents at baseline and follow-up visits ( 3-6 weeks later , M = 3.7 , SD = 1.4 weeks ) with Childhood Autism Rating Scales ( CARS ) . Thirty-four patients were labeled with Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified , and 22 met diagnostic criteria for Autistic Disorder . Forty-five patients were concurrently on other drug treatments . At follow-up , some reported minimal but potentially significant improvements including changes in GI symptoms , expressive and/or receptive language function , and improved awareness and social interactions . No adverse effects were reported or observed . Subsequently , 17 of the most responsive patients from Study 1 began a double-blind trial that also included 8 newly enrolled patients . Patients in this second study were alternatively entered into one of two groups and received injections of secretin or placebo with crossover at 4 weeks . Patients from Study 1 entered into Study 2 at an average of 6.5 ( SD = 0.8 ) weeks after beginning Study 1 . Results of both inquiries indicate that although treatment with secretin was reported to cause transient changes in speech and behavior in some children , overall it produced few clinically meaningful changes when compared to children given placebo injections .

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[ "Outcome_Mental", "Participant_Condition", "Participant_Age", "Outcome_Physical", "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "Participant_Sample-size", "Intervention_Physical", "Intervention_Control" ]

granulocyte - macrophage colony stimulating factor is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, Tax is a Protein, E2 is a Protein, E2 is a Protein, Tax is a Protein, Sp1 is a Protein

1492121_task0

Sentence: Activation of lymphokine genes in T cells: role of cis-acting DNA elements that respond to T cell activation signals. Activation of T cells is initiated by the recognition of antigen on antigen presenting cells to exert the effector functions in immune and inflammatory responses. Two types of helper T cell (Th) clones (Th1 and Th2) are defined on the basis of different patterns of cytokine (lymphokine) secretion. They determine the outcome of an antigenic response toward humoral or cell-mediated immunity. Although lymphokine genes are coordinately regulated upon antigen stimulation, they are regulated by the mechanisms common to all as well as those which are unique to each gene. For most lymphokine genes, a combination of phorbol esters (phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate, PMA) and calcium ionophores (A23187) is required for their maximal induction. Yet phorbol ester alone or calcium ionophore alone produce several lymphokines. The production of the granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is completely dependent on the two signals. We have previously found a cis-acting region spanning the GM-CSF promoter region (positions -95 to +27) that confers inducibility to reporter genes in transient transfection assays. Further analysis identified three elements required for efficient induction, referred to as GM2, GC-box and conserved lymphokine element (CLE0). GM2 defines a binding site for protein(s) whose binding is inducible by PMA. One protein, NF-GM2 is similar to the transcription factor NF-kB. GC-box is a binding site for constitutively bound proteins. CLEO defines a binding site for protein(s) whose optimum binding is stimulated by PMA and A23187. Viral trans-activators such as Tax (human T cell leukemia virus-1, HTLV-1) and E2 (bovine papilloma virus, BPV) proteins are other agents which activate lymphokine gene expression by bypassing T cell receptor (TCR) mediated signaling. The trans-activation domain of E2 and Tax is interchangeable although they have no obvious sequence homology between them. The viral trans-activators appear to target specific DNA binding protein such as NF-kB and Sp1 to cis-acting DNA site and promote lymphokine gene expression without TCR-mediated stimulation. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Protein

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Activation of lymphokine genes in T cells: role of cis-acting DNA elements that respond to T cell activation signals. Activation of T cells is initiated by the recognition of antigen on antigen presenting cells to exert the effector functions in immune and inflammatory responses. Two types of helper T cell (Th) clones (Th1 and Th2) are defined on the basis of different patterns of cytokine (lymphokine) secretion. They determine the outcome of an antigenic response toward humoral or cell-mediated immunity. Although lymphokine genes are coordinately regulated upon antigen stimulation, they are regulated by the mechanisms common to all as well as those which are unique to each gene. For most lymphokine genes, a combination of phorbol esters (phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate, PMA) and calcium ionophores (A23187) is required for their maximal induction. Yet phorbol ester alone or calcium ionophore alone produce several lymphokines. The production of the granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is completely dependent on the two signals. We have previously found a cis-acting region spanning the GM-CSF promoter region (positions -95 to +27) that confers inducibility to reporter genes in transient transfection assays. Further analysis identified three elements required for efficient induction, referred to as GM2, GC-box and conserved lymphokine element (CLE0). GM2 defines a binding site for protein(s) whose binding is inducible by PMA. One protein, NF-GM2 is similar to the transcription factor NF-kB. GC-box is a binding site for constitutively bound proteins. CLEO defines a binding site for protein(s) whose optimum binding is stimulated by PMA and A23187. Viral trans-activators such as Tax (human T cell leukemia virus-1, HTLV-1) and E2 (bovine papilloma virus, BPV) proteins are other agents which activate lymphokine gene expression by bypassing T cell receptor (TCR) mediated signaling. The trans-activation domain of E2 and Tax is interchangeable although they have no obvious sequence homology between them. The viral trans-activators appear to target specific DNA binding protein such as NF-kB and Sp1 to cis-acting DNA site and promote lymphokine gene expression without TCR-mediated stimulation.

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[ "Protein" ]

granulocyte - macrophage colony stimulating factor is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, GM - CSF is a Protein, Tax is a Protein, E2 is a Protein, E2 is a Protein, Tax is a Protein, Sp1 is a Protein

1492121_task1

Sentence: Activation of lymphokine genes in T cells: role of cis-acting DNA elements that respond to T cell activation signals. Activation of T cells is initiated by the recognition of antigen on antigen presenting cells to exert the effector functions in immune and inflammatory responses. Two types of helper T cell (Th) clones (Th1 and Th2) are defined on the basis of different patterns of cytokine (lymphokine) secretion. They determine the outcome of an antigenic response toward humoral or cell-mediated immunity. Although lymphokine genes are coordinately regulated upon antigen stimulation, they are regulated by the mechanisms common to all as well as those which are unique to each gene. For most lymphokine genes, a combination of phorbol esters (phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate, PMA) and calcium ionophores (A23187) is required for their maximal induction. Yet phorbol ester alone or calcium ionophore alone produce several lymphokines. The production of the granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is completely dependent on the two signals. We have previously found a cis-acting region spanning the GM-CSF promoter region (positions -95 to +27) that confers inducibility to reporter genes in transient transfection assays. Further analysis identified three elements required for efficient induction, referred to as GM2, GC-box and conserved lymphokine element (CLE0). GM2 defines a binding site for protein(s) whose binding is inducible by PMA. One protein, NF-GM2 is similar to the transcription factor NF-kB. GC-box is a binding site for constitutively bound proteins. CLEO defines a binding site for protein(s) whose optimum binding is stimulated by PMA and A23187. Viral trans-activators such as Tax (human T cell leukemia virus-1, HTLV-1) and E2 (bovine papilloma virus, BPV) proteins are other agents which activate lymphokine gene expression by bypassing T cell receptor (TCR) mediated signaling. The trans-activation domain of E2 and Tax is interchangeable although they have no obvious sequence homology between them. The viral trans-activators appear to target specific DNA binding protein such as NF-kB and Sp1 to cis-acting DNA site and promote lymphokine gene expression without TCR-mediated stimulation. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: granulocyte - macrophage colony stimulating factor, GM - CSF, GM - CSF, Tax, E2, E2, Tax, Sp1 Options: Protein

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Activation of lymphokine genes in T cells: role of cis-acting DNA elements that respond to T cell activation signals. Activation of T cells is initiated by the recognition of antigen on antigen presenting cells to exert the effector functions in immune and inflammatory responses. Two types of helper T cell (Th) clones (Th1 and Th2) are defined on the basis of different patterns of cytokine (lymphokine) secretion. They determine the outcome of an antigenic response toward humoral or cell-mediated immunity. Although lymphokine genes are coordinately regulated upon antigen stimulation, they are regulated by the mechanisms common to all as well as those which are unique to each gene. For most lymphokine genes, a combination of phorbol esters (phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate, PMA) and calcium ionophores (A23187) is required for their maximal induction. Yet phorbol ester alone or calcium ionophore alone produce several lymphokines. The production of the granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is completely dependent on the two signals. We have previously found a cis-acting region spanning the GM-CSF promoter region (positions -95 to +27) that confers inducibility to reporter genes in transient transfection assays. Further analysis identified three elements required for efficient induction, referred to as GM2, GC-box and conserved lymphokine element (CLE0). GM2 defines a binding site for protein(s) whose binding is inducible by PMA. One protein, NF-GM2 is similar to the transcription factor NF-kB. GC-box is a binding site for constitutively bound proteins. CLEO defines a binding site for protein(s) whose optimum binding is stimulated by PMA and A23187. Viral trans-activators such as Tax (human T cell leukemia virus-1, HTLV-1) and E2 (bovine papilloma virus, BPV) proteins are other agents which activate lymphokine gene expression by bypassing T cell receptor (TCR) mediated signaling. The trans-activation domain of E2 and Tax is interchangeable although they have no obvious sequence homology between them. The viral trans-activators appear to target specific DNA binding protein such as NF-kB and Sp1 to cis-acting DNA site and promote lymphokine gene expression without TCR-mediated stimulation.

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[ "Protein" ]

granulocyte - macrophage colony stimulating factor, GM - CSF, GM - CSF, Tax, E2, E2, Tax, Sp1

1492121_task2

Sentence: Activation of lymphokine genes in T cells: role of cis-acting DNA elements that respond to T cell activation signals. Activation of T cells is initiated by the recognition of antigen on antigen presenting cells to exert the effector functions in immune and inflammatory responses. Two types of helper T cell (Th) clones (Th1 and Th2) are defined on the basis of different patterns of cytokine (lymphokine) secretion. They determine the outcome of an antigenic response toward humoral or cell-mediated immunity. Although lymphokine genes are coordinately regulated upon antigen stimulation, they are regulated by the mechanisms common to all as well as those which are unique to each gene. For most lymphokine genes, a combination of phorbol esters (phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate, PMA) and calcium ionophores (A23187) is required for their maximal induction. Yet phorbol ester alone or calcium ionophore alone produce several lymphokines. The production of the granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is completely dependent on the two signals. We have previously found a cis-acting region spanning the GM-CSF promoter region (positions -95 to +27) that confers inducibility to reporter genes in transient transfection assays. Further analysis identified three elements required for efficient induction, referred to as GM2, GC-box and conserved lymphokine element (CLE0). GM2 defines a binding site for protein(s) whose binding is inducible by PMA. One protein, NF-GM2 is similar to the transcription factor NF-kB. GC-box is a binding site for constitutively bound proteins. CLEO defines a binding site for protein(s) whose optimum binding is stimulated by PMA and A23187. Viral trans-activators such as Tax (human T cell leukemia virus-1, HTLV-1) and E2 (bovine papilloma virus, BPV) proteins are other agents which activate lymphokine gene expression by bypassing T cell receptor (TCR) mediated signaling. The trans-activation domain of E2 and Tax is interchangeable although they have no obvious sequence homology between them. The viral trans-activators appear to target specific DNA binding protein such as NF-kB and Sp1 to cis-acting DNA site and promote lymphokine gene expression without TCR-mediated stimulation. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Activation of lymphokine genes in T cells: role of cis-acting DNA elements that respond to T cell activation signals. Activation of T cells is initiated by the recognition of antigen on antigen presenting cells to exert the effector functions in immune and inflammatory responses. Two types of helper T cell (Th) clones (Th1 and Th2) are defined on the basis of different patterns of cytokine (lymphokine) secretion. They determine the outcome of an antigenic response toward humoral or cell-mediated immunity. Although lymphokine genes are coordinately regulated upon antigen stimulation, they are regulated by the mechanisms common to all as well as those which are unique to each gene. For most lymphokine genes, a combination of phorbol esters (phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate, PMA) and calcium ionophores (A23187) is required for their maximal induction. Yet phorbol ester alone or calcium ionophore alone produce several lymphokines. The production of the granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is completely dependent on the two signals. We have previously found a cis-acting region spanning the GM-CSF promoter region (positions -95 to +27) that confers inducibility to reporter genes in transient transfection assays. Further analysis identified three elements required for efficient induction, referred to as GM2, GC-box and conserved lymphokine element (CLE0). GM2 defines a binding site for protein(s) whose binding is inducible by PMA. One protein, NF-GM2 is similar to the transcription factor NF-kB. GC-box is a binding site for constitutively bound proteins. CLEO defines a binding site for protein(s) whose optimum binding is stimulated by PMA and A23187. Viral trans-activators such as Tax (human T cell leukemia virus-1, HTLV-1) and E2 (bovine papilloma virus, BPV) proteins are other agents which activate lymphokine gene expression by bypassing T cell receptor (TCR) mediated signaling. The trans-activation domain of E2 and Tax is interchangeable although they have no obvious sequence homology between them. The viral trans-activators appear to target specific DNA binding protein such as NF-kB and Sp1 to cis-acting DNA site and promote lymphokine gene expression without TCR-mediated stimulation.

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[ "Protein" ]

low density lipoprotein - induced inflammatory responses is an other_name, endothelial cells is a cell_type, cyclic adenosine monophosphate is a nucleotide

84198_task0

Sentence: Minimally modified low density lipoprotein-induced inflammatory responses in endothelial cells are mediated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: cell_type, nucleotide, other_name

[ "O", "O", "B-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "O", "B-cell_type", "I-cell_type", "O", "O", "O", "B-nucleotide", "I-nucleotide", "I-nucleotide", "O" ]

Minimally modified low density lipoprotein-induced inflammatory responses in endothelial cells are mediated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate.

[ "Minimally", "modified", "low", "density", "lipoprotein", "-", "induced", "inflammatory", "responses", "in", "endothelial", "cells", "are", "mediated", "by", "cyclic", "adenosine", "monophosphate", "." ]

[ "other_name", "cell_line", "RNA_molecule", "protein_molecule", "nucleotide", "cell_type", "other_organic_compound", "amino_acid_monomer", "protein_domain_or_region", "protein_family_or_group", "lipid" ]

low density lipoprotein - induced inflammatory responses is an other_name, endothelial cells is a cell_type, cyclic adenosine monophosphate is a nucleotide

84198_task1

Sentence: Minimally modified low density lipoprotein-induced inflammatory responses in endothelial cells are mediated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: low density lipoprotein - induced inflammatory responses, endothelial cells, cyclic adenosine monophosphate Options: cell_type, nucleotide, other_name

[ "O", "O", "B-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "O", "B-cell_type", "I-cell_type", "O", "O", "O", "B-nucleotide", "I-nucleotide", "I-nucleotide", "O" ]

Minimally modified low density lipoprotein-induced inflammatory responses in endothelial cells are mediated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate.

[ "Minimally", "modified", "low", "density", "lipoprotein", "-", "induced", "inflammatory", "responses", "in", "endothelial", "cells", "are", "mediated", "by", "cyclic", "adenosine", "monophosphate", "." ]

[ "other_name", "cell_line", "RNA_molecule", "protein_molecule", "nucleotide", "cell_type", "other_organic_compound", "amino_acid_monomer", "protein_domain_or_region", "protein_family_or_group", "lipid" ]

low density lipoprotein - induced inflammatory responses, endothelial cells, cyclic adenosine monophosphate

84198_task2

Sentence: Minimally modified low density lipoprotein-induced inflammatory responses in endothelial cells are mediated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "B-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "I-other_name", "O", "B-cell_type", "I-cell_type", "O", "O", "O", "B-nucleotide", "I-nucleotide", "I-nucleotide", "O" ]

Minimally modified low density lipoprotein-induced inflammatory responses in endothelial cells are mediated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate.

[ "Minimally", "modified", "low", "density", "lipoprotein", "-", "induced", "inflammatory", "responses", "in", "endothelial", "cells", "are", "mediated", "by", "cyclic", "adenosine", "monophosphate", "." ]

[ "other_name", "cell_line", "RNA_molecule", "protein_molecule", "nucleotide", "cell_type", "other_organic_compound", "amino_acid_monomer", "protein_domain_or_region", "protein_family_or_group", "lipid" ]

efficacy is an outcome

1390_task0

Sentence: In recent years some studies have been published supporting the efficacy of light exposure , physical activity , sleep control and a Mediterranean diet pattern on the improvement or prevention of depression . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: outcome

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-outcome", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

In recent years some studies have been published supporting the efficacy of light exposure , physical activity , sleep control and a Mediterranean diet pattern on the improvement or prevention of depression .

[ "In", "recent", "years", "some", "studies", "have", "been", "published", "supporting", "the", "efficacy", "of", "light", "exposure", ",", "physical", "activity", ",", "sleep", "control", "and", "a", "Mediterranean", "diet", "pattern", "on", "the", "improvement", "or", "prevention", "of", "depression", "." ]

[ "outcome" ]

efficacy is an outcome

1390_task1

Sentence: In recent years some studies have been published supporting the efficacy of light exposure , physical activity , sleep control and a Mediterranean diet pattern on the improvement or prevention of depression . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: efficacy Options: outcome

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-outcome", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

In recent years some studies have been published supporting the efficacy of light exposure , physical activity , sleep control and a Mediterranean diet pattern on the improvement or prevention of depression .

[ "In", "recent", "years", "some", "studies", "have", "been", "published", "supporting", "the", "efficacy", "of", "light", "exposure", ",", "physical", "activity", ",", "sleep", "control", "and", "a", "Mediterranean", "diet", "pattern", "on", "the", "improvement", "or", "prevention", "of", "depression", "." ]

[ "outcome" ]

efficacy

1390_task2

Sentence: In recent years some studies have been published supporting the efficacy of light exposure , physical activity , sleep control and a Mediterranean diet pattern on the improvement or prevention of depression . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-outcome", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

In recent years some studies have been published supporting the efficacy of light exposure , physical activity , sleep control and a Mediterranean diet pattern on the improvement or prevention of depression .

[ "In", "recent", "years", "some", "studies", "have", "been", "published", "supporting", "the", "efficacy", "of", "light", "exposure", ",", "physical", "activity", ",", "sleep", "control", "and", "a", "Mediterranean", "diet", "pattern", "on", "the", "improvement", "or", "prevention", "of", "depression", "." ]

[ "outcome" ]

3-Alkylindole is a CHEMICAL, Myeloperoxidase is a GENE-Y

23581551_task0

Sentence: Design, Synthesis, and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Novel 3-Alkylindole Derivatives as Selective and Highly Potent Myeloperoxidase Inhibitors. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: GENE-Y, CHEMICAL

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O" ]

Design, Synthesis, and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Novel 3-Alkylindole Derivatives as Selective and Highly Potent Myeloperoxidase Inhibitors.

[ "Design", ",", "Synthesis", ",", "and", "Structure", "-", "Activity", "Relationship", "Studies", "of", "Novel", "3-Alkylindole", "Derivatives", "as", "Selective", "and", "Highly", "Potent", "Myeloperoxidase", "Inhibitors", "." ]

[ "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL", "GENE-N" ]

3-Alkylindole is a CHEMICAL, Myeloperoxidase is a GENE-Y

23581551_task1

Sentence: Design, Synthesis, and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Novel 3-Alkylindole Derivatives as Selective and Highly Potent Myeloperoxidase Inhibitors. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: 3-Alkylindole, Myeloperoxidase Options: GENE-Y, CHEMICAL

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O" ]

Design, Synthesis, and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Novel 3-Alkylindole Derivatives as Selective and Highly Potent Myeloperoxidase Inhibitors.

[ "Design", ",", "Synthesis", ",", "and", "Structure", "-", "Activity", "Relationship", "Studies", "of", "Novel", "3-Alkylindole", "Derivatives", "as", "Selective", "and", "Highly", "Potent", "Myeloperoxidase", "Inhibitors", "." ]

[ "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL", "GENE-N" ]

3-Alkylindole, Myeloperoxidase

23581551_task2

Sentence: Design, Synthesis, and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Novel 3-Alkylindole Derivatives as Selective and Highly Potent Myeloperoxidase Inhibitors. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CHEMICAL", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-GENE-Y", "O", "O" ]

Design, Synthesis, and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Novel 3-Alkylindole Derivatives as Selective and Highly Potent Myeloperoxidase Inhibitors.

[ "Design", ",", "Synthesis", ",", "and", "Structure", "-", "Activity", "Relationship", "Studies", "of", "Novel", "3-Alkylindole", "Derivatives", "as", "Selective", "and", "Highly", "Potent", "Myeloperoxidase", "Inhibitors", "." ]

[ "GENE-Y", "CHEMICAL", "GENE-N" ]

Glucocorticoids is an umlsterm, physiological processes is an umlsterm, glucocorticoid receptor is an umlsterm, repression is an umlsterm, gene expression is an umlsterm, DNA is an umlsterm, repression is an umlsterm, protein - protein is an umlsterm, interactions is an umlsterm, transcription factors is an umlsterm, mode of action is an umlsterm, mice is an umlsterm, gene targeting is an umlsterm, point mutation is an umlsterm, dimerization is an umlsterm, DNA is an umlsterm, mice is an umlsterm, analysis is an umlsterm, control is an umlsterm, physiological processes is an umlsterm, stress is an umlsterm, erythropoiesis is an umlsterm, DNA is an umlsterm, binding - dependent is an umlsterm, function is an umlsterm, antitumor - promoting is an umlsterm, skin is an umlsterm, interaction is an umlsterm, transcription factor is an umlsterm, immunosuppressive is an umlsterm, glucocorticoids is an umlsterm, mice is an umlsterm, future is an umlsterm, steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs is an umlsterm

ZfuerRheumatologie.0059i0i1.eng.abstr_task0

Sentence: Glucocorticoids are involved in numerous physiological processes . Most of their effects are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) via activation and repression of gene expression . Whereas activation requires DNA binding of the receptor , repression is usually mediated by protein-protein interactions with other transcription factors . To decipher the molecular mode of action of GR , mice were generated by gene targeting , carrying a point mutation in one of the dimerization domains , thus abrogating DNA binding by GR . These GRdim mice survive to adulthood and thereby allowed analysis of the mechanism used by GR in the control of physiological processes . Specifically , stress erythropoiesis was found to require the DNA binding-dependent function of GR whereas the antitumor-promoting activity of GR in skin is mediated by interaction with the transcription factor AP-1. Furthermore , the immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activity of glucocorticoids is largely independent of GR DNA-binding , suggesting that GRdim mice might be useful in the future for the search of steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with reduced side-effects . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

[ "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "I-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Glucocorticoids are involved in numerous physiological processes . Most of their effects are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) via activation and repression of gene expression . Whereas activation requires DNA binding of the receptor , repression is usually mediated by protein-protein interactions with other transcription factors . To decipher the molecular mode of action of GR , mice were generated by gene targeting , carrying a point mutation in one of the dimerization domains , thus abrogating DNA binding by GR . These GRdim mice survive to adulthood and thereby allowed analysis of the mechanism used by GR in the control of physiological processes . Specifically , stress erythropoiesis was found to require the DNA binding-dependent function of GR whereas the antitumor-promoting activity of GR in skin is mediated by interaction with the transcription factor AP-1. Furthermore , the immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activity of glucocorticoids is largely independent of GR DNA-binding , suggesting that GRdim mice might be useful in the future for the search of steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with reduced side-effects .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Glucocorticoids is an umlsterm, physiological processes is an umlsterm, glucocorticoid receptor is an umlsterm, repression is an umlsterm, gene expression is an umlsterm, DNA is an umlsterm, repression is an umlsterm, protein - protein is an umlsterm, interactions is an umlsterm, transcription factors is an umlsterm, mode of action is an umlsterm, mice is an umlsterm, gene targeting is an umlsterm, point mutation is an umlsterm, dimerization is an umlsterm, DNA is an umlsterm, mice is an umlsterm, analysis is an umlsterm, control is an umlsterm, physiological processes is an umlsterm, stress is an umlsterm, erythropoiesis is an umlsterm, DNA is an umlsterm, binding - dependent is an umlsterm, function is an umlsterm, antitumor - promoting is an umlsterm, skin is an umlsterm, interaction is an umlsterm, transcription factor is an umlsterm, immunosuppressive is an umlsterm, glucocorticoids is an umlsterm, mice is an umlsterm, future is an umlsterm, steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs is an umlsterm

ZfuerRheumatologie.0059i0i1.eng.abstr_task1

Sentence: Glucocorticoids are involved in numerous physiological processes . Most of their effects are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) via activation and repression of gene expression . Whereas activation requires DNA binding of the receptor , repression is usually mediated by protein-protein interactions with other transcription factors . To decipher the molecular mode of action of GR , mice were generated by gene targeting , carrying a point mutation in one of the dimerization domains , thus abrogating DNA binding by GR . These GRdim mice survive to adulthood and thereby allowed analysis of the mechanism used by GR in the control of physiological processes . Specifically , stress erythropoiesis was found to require the DNA binding-dependent function of GR whereas the antitumor-promoting activity of GR in skin is mediated by interaction with the transcription factor AP-1. Furthermore , the immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activity of glucocorticoids is largely independent of GR DNA-binding , suggesting that GRdim mice might be useful in the future for the search of steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with reduced side-effects . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Glucocorticoids, physiological processes, glucocorticoid receptor, repression, gene expression, DNA, repression, protein - protein, interactions, transcription factors, mode of action, mice, gene targeting, point mutation, dimerization, DNA, mice, analysis, control, physiological processes, stress, erythropoiesis, DNA, binding - dependent, function, antitumor - promoting, skin, interaction, transcription factor, immunosuppressive, glucocorticoids, mice, future, steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs Options: umlsterm

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Glucocorticoids are involved in numerous physiological processes . Most of their effects are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) via activation and repression of gene expression . Whereas activation requires DNA binding of the receptor , repression is usually mediated by protein-protein interactions with other transcription factors . To decipher the molecular mode of action of GR , mice were generated by gene targeting , carrying a point mutation in one of the dimerization domains , thus abrogating DNA binding by GR . These GRdim mice survive to adulthood and thereby allowed analysis of the mechanism used by GR in the control of physiological processes . Specifically , stress erythropoiesis was found to require the DNA binding-dependent function of GR whereas the antitumor-promoting activity of GR in skin is mediated by interaction with the transcription factor AP-1. Furthermore , the immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activity of glucocorticoids is largely independent of GR DNA-binding , suggesting that GRdim mice might be useful in the future for the search of steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with reduced side-effects .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Glucocorticoids, physiological processes, glucocorticoid receptor, repression, gene expression, DNA, repression, protein - protein, interactions, transcription factors, mode of action, mice, gene targeting, point mutation, dimerization, DNA, mice, analysis, control, physiological processes, stress, erythropoiesis, DNA, binding - dependent, function, antitumor - promoting, skin, interaction, transcription factor, immunosuppressive, glucocorticoids, mice, future, steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs

ZfuerRheumatologie.0059i0i1.eng.abstr_task2

Sentence: Glucocorticoids are involved in numerous physiological processes . Most of their effects are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) via activation and repression of gene expression . Whereas activation requires DNA binding of the receptor , repression is usually mediated by protein-protein interactions with other transcription factors . To decipher the molecular mode of action of GR , mice were generated by gene targeting , carrying a point mutation in one of the dimerization domains , thus abrogating DNA binding by GR . These GRdim mice survive to adulthood and thereby allowed analysis of the mechanism used by GR in the control of physiological processes . Specifically , stress erythropoiesis was found to require the DNA binding-dependent function of GR whereas the antitumor-promoting activity of GR in skin is mediated by interaction with the transcription factor AP-1. Furthermore , the immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activity of glucocorticoids is largely independent of GR DNA-binding , suggesting that GRdim mice might be useful in the future for the search of steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with reduced side-effects . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Glucocorticoids are involved in numerous physiological processes . Most of their effects are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) via activation and repression of gene expression . Whereas activation requires DNA binding of the receptor , repression is usually mediated by protein-protein interactions with other transcription factors . To decipher the molecular mode of action of GR , mice were generated by gene targeting , carrying a point mutation in one of the dimerization domains , thus abrogating DNA binding by GR . These GRdim mice survive to adulthood and thereby allowed analysis of the mechanism used by GR in the control of physiological processes . Specifically , stress erythropoiesis was found to require the DNA binding-dependent function of GR whereas the antitumor-promoting activity of GR in skin is mediated by interaction with the transcription factor AP-1. Furthermore , the immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activity of glucocorticoids is largely independent of GR DNA-binding , suggesting that GRdim mice might be useful in the future for the search of steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with reduced side-effects .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Gesundheitsreform is an umlsterm, Deutschland is an umlsterm, Krankenhaeuser is an umlsterm, Vertragsaerzte is an umlsterm, Krankenhauses is an umlsterm, Pflichtkataloge is an umlsterm, Medizin is an umlsterm, Krankenhaus is an umlsterm, Krankenhaeuser is an umlsterm

DerChirurg.00710417.ger.abstr_task0

Sentence: Zusammenfassung . Die Gesundheitsreform 2000 in Deutschland aendert wenig an den Strukturdefiziten des deutschen Gesundheitswesens . Die Monopole der Krankenhaeuser fuer die stationaere Versorgung und der niedergelassenen Vertragsaerzte fuer die ambulante Versorgung werden nicht angetastet . Die Budgetierung des Krankenhauses bleibt . Kuenftig werden Pflichtkataloge fuer ambulante Operationen vorgegeben , die nicht stationaer erbracht werden duerfen . Die Pflicht zur Qualitaetssicherung wird praezisiert und verschaerft . Innovative Medizin darf kuenftig auch im Krankenhaus nur kontrolliert eingefuehrt werden . Fuer die Krankenhaeuser wird ein neues DRG-basiertes Preissystem eingefuehrt . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: umlsterm

[ "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-umlsterm", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Zusammenfassung . Die Gesundheitsreform 2000 in Deutschland aendert wenig an den Strukturdefiziten des deutschen Gesundheitswesens . Die Monopole der Krankenhaeuser fuer die stationaere Versorgung und der niedergelassenen Vertragsaerzte fuer die ambulante Versorgung werden nicht angetastet . Die Budgetierung des Krankenhauses bleibt . Kuenftig werden Pflichtkataloge fuer ambulante Operationen vorgegeben , die nicht stationaer erbracht werden duerfen . Die Pflicht zur Qualitaetssicherung wird praezisiert und verschaerft . Innovative Medizin darf kuenftig auch im Krankenhaus nur kontrolliert eingefuehrt werden . Fuer die Krankenhaeuser wird ein neues DRG-basiertes Preissystem eingefuehrt .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Gesundheitsreform is an umlsterm, Deutschland is an umlsterm, Krankenhaeuser is an umlsterm, Vertragsaerzte is an umlsterm, Krankenhauses is an umlsterm, Pflichtkataloge is an umlsterm, Medizin is an umlsterm, Krankenhaus is an umlsterm, Krankenhaeuser is an umlsterm

DerChirurg.00710417.ger.abstr_task1

Sentence: Zusammenfassung . Die Gesundheitsreform 2000 in Deutschland aendert wenig an den Strukturdefiziten des deutschen Gesundheitswesens . Die Monopole der Krankenhaeuser fuer die stationaere Versorgung und der niedergelassenen Vertragsaerzte fuer die ambulante Versorgung werden nicht angetastet . Die Budgetierung des Krankenhauses bleibt . Kuenftig werden Pflichtkataloge fuer ambulante Operationen vorgegeben , die nicht stationaer erbracht werden duerfen . Die Pflicht zur Qualitaetssicherung wird praezisiert und verschaerft . Innovative Medizin darf kuenftig auch im Krankenhaus nur kontrolliert eingefuehrt werden . Fuer die Krankenhaeuser wird ein neues DRG-basiertes Preissystem eingefuehrt . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Gesundheitsreform, Deutschland, Krankenhaeuser, Vertragsaerzte, Krankenhauses, Pflichtkataloge, Medizin, Krankenhaus, Krankenhaeuser Options: umlsterm

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Zusammenfassung . Die Gesundheitsreform 2000 in Deutschland aendert wenig an den Strukturdefiziten des deutschen Gesundheitswesens . Die Monopole der Krankenhaeuser fuer die stationaere Versorgung und der niedergelassenen Vertragsaerzte fuer die ambulante Versorgung werden nicht angetastet . Die Budgetierung des Krankenhauses bleibt . Kuenftig werden Pflichtkataloge fuer ambulante Operationen vorgegeben , die nicht stationaer erbracht werden duerfen . Die Pflicht zur Qualitaetssicherung wird praezisiert und verschaerft . Innovative Medizin darf kuenftig auch im Krankenhaus nur kontrolliert eingefuehrt werden . Fuer die Krankenhaeuser wird ein neues DRG-basiertes Preissystem eingefuehrt .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

Gesundheitsreform, Deutschland, Krankenhaeuser, Vertragsaerzte, Krankenhauses, Pflichtkataloge, Medizin, Krankenhaus, Krankenhaeuser

DerChirurg.00710417.ger.abstr_task2

Sentence: Zusammenfassung . Die Gesundheitsreform 2000 in Deutschland aendert wenig an den Strukturdefiziten des deutschen Gesundheitswesens . Die Monopole der Krankenhaeuser fuer die stationaere Versorgung und der niedergelassenen Vertragsaerzte fuer die ambulante Versorgung werden nicht angetastet . Die Budgetierung des Krankenhauses bleibt . Kuenftig werden Pflichtkataloge fuer ambulante Operationen vorgegeben , die nicht stationaer erbracht werden duerfen . Die Pflicht zur Qualitaetssicherung wird praezisiert und verschaerft . Innovative Medizin darf kuenftig auch im Krankenhaus nur kontrolliert eingefuehrt werden . Fuer die Krankenhaeuser wird ein neues DRG-basiertes Preissystem eingefuehrt . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Zusammenfassung . Die Gesundheitsreform 2000 in Deutschland aendert wenig an den Strukturdefiziten des deutschen Gesundheitswesens . Die Monopole der Krankenhaeuser fuer die stationaere Versorgung und der niedergelassenen Vertragsaerzte fuer die ambulante Versorgung werden nicht angetastet . Die Budgetierung des Krankenhauses bleibt . Kuenftig werden Pflichtkataloge fuer ambulante Operationen vorgegeben , die nicht stationaer erbracht werden duerfen . Die Pflicht zur Qualitaetssicherung wird praezisiert und verschaerft . Innovative Medizin darf kuenftig auch im Krankenhaus nur kontrolliert eingefuehrt werden . Fuer die Krankenhaeuser wird ein neues DRG-basiertes Preissystem eingefuehrt .

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[ "umlsterm" ]

endocrine is a Intervention_Pharmacological, radiation therapy is a Intervention_Physical, locally advanced prostatic cancer . is a Participant_Condition, 151 is a Participant_Sample-size, ( T3 - 4 M0 ) is a Participant_Condition, representing 38 % of the 404 cancer patients in a Finnish multicenter study is a Participant_Condition, orchiectomy is a Intervention_Surgical, estrogens is a Intervention_Pharmacological, radiotherapy is a Intervention_Physical, progression rates is a Outcome_Other, ( appearance of metastases in bone scan ) is a Outcome_Physical, frequency of thromboembolic and other cardiovascular complications is a Outcome_Adverse-effects, bowel or bladder complications is a Outcome_Adverse-effects

74527_task0

Sentence: Comparison of endocrine and radiation therapy in locally advanced prostatic cancer . 151 patients with locally advanced prostatic cancer ( T3-4 M0 ) , representing 38 % of the 404 cancer patients in a Finnish multicenter study , were randomly assigned to one of three treatment arms : orchiectomy , estrogens or radiotherapy . During the 4-year follow-up period there were no significant differences in the progression rates ( appearance of metastases in bone scan ) between the therapy groups . The frequency of thromboembolic and other cardiovascular complications was highest in the estrogen group ( 13/50 patients ) . In the radiotherapy group , 19 of 45 patients had bowel or bladder complications . On the other hand , orchiectomy has few , if any , complications . The high risk of complications associated with estrogens and radiotherapy has to be taken into consideration in the selection of treatment . Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Outcome_Adverse-effects, Intervention_Physical, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size, Outcome_Other, Intervention_Surgical

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Comparison of endocrine and radiation therapy in locally advanced prostatic cancer . 151 patients with locally advanced prostatic cancer ( T3-4 M0 ) , representing 38 % of the 404 cancer patients in a Finnish multicenter study , were randomly assigned to one of three treatment arms : orchiectomy , estrogens or radiotherapy . During the 4-year follow-up period there were no significant differences in the progression rates ( appearance of metastases in bone scan ) between the therapy groups . The frequency of thromboembolic and other cardiovascular complications was highest in the estrogen group ( 13/50 patients ) . In the radiotherapy group , 19 of 45 patients had bowel or bladder complications . On the other hand , orchiectomy has few , if any , complications . The high risk of complications associated with estrogens and radiotherapy has to be taken into consideration in the selection of treatment .

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[ "Participant_Condition", "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "Outcome_Physical", "Intervention_Physical", "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Surgical", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Sample-size" ]

endocrine is a Intervention_Pharmacological, radiation therapy is a Intervention_Physical, locally advanced prostatic cancer . is a Participant_Condition, 151 is a Participant_Sample-size, ( T3 - 4 M0 ) is a Participant_Condition, representing 38 % of the 404 cancer patients in a Finnish multicenter study is a Participant_Condition, orchiectomy is a Intervention_Surgical, estrogens is a Intervention_Pharmacological, radiotherapy is a Intervention_Physical, progression rates is a Outcome_Other, ( appearance of metastases in bone scan ) is a Outcome_Physical, frequency of thromboembolic and other cardiovascular complications is a Outcome_Adverse-effects, bowel or bladder complications is a Outcome_Adverse-effects

74527_task1

Sentence: Comparison of endocrine and radiation therapy in locally advanced prostatic cancer . 151 patients with locally advanced prostatic cancer ( T3-4 M0 ) , representing 38 % of the 404 cancer patients in a Finnish multicenter study , were randomly assigned to one of three treatment arms : orchiectomy , estrogens or radiotherapy . During the 4-year follow-up period there were no significant differences in the progression rates ( appearance of metastases in bone scan ) between the therapy groups . The frequency of thromboembolic and other cardiovascular complications was highest in the estrogen group ( 13/50 patients ) . In the radiotherapy group , 19 of 45 patients had bowel or bladder complications . On the other hand , orchiectomy has few , if any , complications . The high risk of complications associated with estrogens and radiotherapy has to be taken into consideration in the selection of treatment . Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: endocrine, radiation therapy, locally advanced prostatic cancer ., 151, ( T3 - 4 M0 ), representing 38 % of the 404 cancer patients in a Finnish multicenter study, orchiectomy, estrogens, radiotherapy, progression rates, ( appearance of metastases in bone scan ), frequency of thromboembolic and other cardiovascular complications, bowel or bladder complications Options: Intervention_Pharmacological, Outcome_Adverse-effects, Intervention_Physical, Participant_Condition, Outcome_Physical, Participant_Sample-size, Outcome_Other, Intervention_Surgical

[ "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Surgical", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Intervention_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Comparison of endocrine and radiation therapy in locally advanced prostatic cancer . 151 patients with locally advanced prostatic cancer ( T3-4 M0 ) , representing 38 % of the 404 cancer patients in a Finnish multicenter study , were randomly assigned to one of three treatment arms : orchiectomy , estrogens or radiotherapy . During the 4-year follow-up period there were no significant differences in the progression rates ( appearance of metastases in bone scan ) between the therapy groups . The frequency of thromboembolic and other cardiovascular complications was highest in the estrogen group ( 13/50 patients ) . In the radiotherapy group , 19 of 45 patients had bowel or bladder complications . On the other hand , orchiectomy has few , if any , complications . The high risk of complications associated with estrogens and radiotherapy has to be taken into consideration in the selection of treatment .

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[ "Participant_Condition", "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "Outcome_Physical", "Intervention_Physical", "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Surgical", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Sample-size" ]

endocrine, radiation therapy, locally advanced prostatic cancer ., 151, ( T3 - 4 M0 ), representing 38 % of the 404 cancer patients in a Finnish multicenter study, orchiectomy, estrogens, radiotherapy, progression rates, ( appearance of metastases in bone scan ), frequency of thromboembolic and other cardiovascular complications, bowel or bladder complications

74527_task2

Sentence: Comparison of endocrine and radiation therapy in locally advanced prostatic cancer . 151 patients with locally advanced prostatic cancer ( T3-4 M0 ) , representing 38 % of the 404 cancer patients in a Finnish multicenter study , were randomly assigned to one of three treatment arms : orchiectomy , estrogens or radiotherapy . During the 4-year follow-up period there were no significant differences in the progression rates ( appearance of metastases in bone scan ) between the therapy groups . The frequency of thromboembolic and other cardiovascular complications was highest in the estrogen group ( 13/50 patients ) . In the radiotherapy group , 19 of 45 patients had bowel or bladder complications . On the other hand , orchiectomy has few , if any , complications . The high risk of complications associated with estrogens and radiotherapy has to be taken into consideration in the selection of treatment . Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

[ "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Intervention_Physical", "I-Intervention_Physical", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "B-Participant_Sample-size", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "B-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "I-Participant_Condition", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Intervention_Surgical", "O", "B-Intervention_Pharmacological", "O", "B-Intervention_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Other", "I-Outcome_Other", "B-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "I-Outcome_Physical", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "I-Outcome_Adverse-effects", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]

Comparison of endocrine and radiation therapy in locally advanced prostatic cancer . 151 patients with locally advanced prostatic cancer ( T3-4 M0 ) , representing 38 % of the 404 cancer patients in a Finnish multicenter study , were randomly assigned to one of three treatment arms : orchiectomy , estrogens or radiotherapy . During the 4-year follow-up period there were no significant differences in the progression rates ( appearance of metastases in bone scan ) between the therapy groups . The frequency of thromboembolic and other cardiovascular complications was highest in the estrogen group ( 13/50 patients ) . In the radiotherapy group , 19 of 45 patients had bowel or bladder complications . On the other hand , orchiectomy has few , if any , complications . The high risk of complications associated with estrogens and radiotherapy has to be taken into consideration in the selection of treatment .

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[ "Participant_Condition", "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "Outcome_Physical", "Intervention_Physical", "Outcome_Other", "Intervention_Surgical", "Intervention_Pharmacological", "Participant_Sample-size" ]

Identification is a ProteinIdentification, human is a Eukaryote, HECT family protein is a Protein, Drosophila is a Eukaryote, tumor suppressor gene is a Gene, hyperplastic discs is a Gene, progestin is a Chemical, genes is a Gene, T-47D is a Cell, human is a Eukaryote, breast cancer cells is a Cell, EDD is a Gene, Drosophila melanogaster is a Eukaryote, tumor suppressor gene is a Gene, hyperplastic discs is a Gene, rat is a Eukaryote, HECT domain protein is a Protein, EDD mRNA is a MessengerRNA, progestin is a Chemical, T-47D cells is a Cell, testes is a Tissue, EDD is a Gene, protein is a Protein, T-47D cell is a Cell, HECT family proteins is a Protein, E3 ubiquitin - protein ligases is a Enzyme, ubiquitin is a Protein, EDD is a Protein, E3 is a Enzyme, ubiquitin is a Protein, HECT domain is a ProteinDomain, cysteine residue is a AminoAcid, EDD is a Gene, chromosome 8q22 is a Chromosome, EDD is a Protein, hyperplastic discs protein is a Protein, imaginal disc is a Tissue, Drosophila is a Eukaryote, EDD is a Gene

12_task0

Sentence: Identification of a human HECT family protein with homology to the Drosophila tumor suppressor gene hyperplastic discs. Use of the differential display technique to isolate progestin-regulated genes in T-47D human breast cancer cells led to identification of a novel gene, EDD. The cDNA sequence contains a 2799 amino acid open reading frame sharing 40% identity with the predicted 2894 amino acid product of the Drosophila melanogaster tumor suppressor gene hyperplastic discs, while the carboxy-terminal 889 amino acids show 96% identity to a rat 100 kDa HECT domain protein. EDD mRNA was progestin-induced in T-47D cells and was highly abundant in testes and expressed at moderately high levels in other tissues, suggesting a broad role for EDD. Anti-EDD antibodies immunoprecipitated an approximately 300 kDa protein from T-47D cell lysates. HECT family proteins function as E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases, targeting specific proteins for ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. EDD is likely to function as an E3 as in vitro translated protein bound ubiquitin reversibly through a conserved HECT domain cysteine residue. EDD was localized by FISH to chromosome 8q22, a locus disrupted in a variety of cancers. Given the homology between EDD and the hyperplastic discs protein, which is required for control of imaginal disc growth in Drosophila, EDD potentially has a role in regulation of cell proliferation or differentiation. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: AminoAcid, Tissue, Eukaryote, Chemical, Enzyme, MessengerRNA, Chromosome, Gene, ProteinIdentification, ProteinDomain, Protein, Cell

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Identification of a human HECT family protein with homology to the Drosophila tumor suppressor gene hyperplastic discs. Use of the differential display technique to isolate progestin-regulated genes in T-47D human breast cancer cells led to identification of a novel gene, EDD. The cDNA sequence contains a 2799 amino acid open reading frame sharing 40% identity with the predicted 2894 amino acid product of the Drosophila melanogaster tumor suppressor gene hyperplastic discs, while the carboxy-terminal 889 amino acids show 96% identity to a rat 100 kDa HECT domain protein. EDD mRNA was progestin-induced in T-47D cells and was highly abundant in testes and expressed at moderately high levels in other tissues, suggesting a broad role for EDD. Anti-EDD antibodies immunoprecipitated an approximately 300 kDa protein from T-47D cell lysates. HECT family proteins function as E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases, targeting specific proteins for ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. EDD is likely to function as an E3 as in vitro translated protein bound ubiquitin reversibly through a conserved HECT domain cysteine residue. EDD was localized by FISH to chromosome 8q22, a locus disrupted in a variety of cancers. Given the homology between EDD and the hyperplastic discs protein, which is required for control of imaginal disc growth in Drosophila, EDD potentially has a role in regulation of cell proliferation or differentiation.

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[ "Enzyme", "Protein", "Eukaryote", "Gene", "Cell", "AminoAcid", "Chromosome", "ProteinIdentification", "Tissue", "ProteinDomain", "Chemical", "MessengerRNA" ]

Identification is a ProteinIdentification, human is a Eukaryote, HECT family protein is a Protein, Drosophila is a Eukaryote, tumor suppressor gene is a Gene, hyperplastic discs is a Gene, progestin is a Chemical, genes is a Gene, T-47D is a Cell, human is a Eukaryote, breast cancer cells is a Cell, EDD is a Gene, Drosophila melanogaster is a Eukaryote, tumor suppressor gene is a Gene, hyperplastic discs is a Gene, rat is a Eukaryote, HECT domain protein is a Protein, EDD mRNA is a MessengerRNA, progestin is a Chemical, T-47D cells is a Cell, testes is a Tissue, EDD is a Gene, protein is a Protein, T-47D cell is a Cell, HECT family proteins is a Protein, E3 ubiquitin - protein ligases is a Enzyme, ubiquitin is a Protein, EDD is a Protein, E3 is a Enzyme, ubiquitin is a Protein, HECT domain is a ProteinDomain, cysteine residue is a AminoAcid, EDD is a Gene, chromosome 8q22 is a Chromosome, EDD is a Protein, hyperplastic discs protein is a Protein, imaginal disc is a Tissue, Drosophila is a Eukaryote, EDD is a Gene

12_task1

Sentence: Identification of a human HECT family protein with homology to the Drosophila tumor suppressor gene hyperplastic discs. Use of the differential display technique to isolate progestin-regulated genes in T-47D human breast cancer cells led to identification of a novel gene, EDD. The cDNA sequence contains a 2799 amino acid open reading frame sharing 40% identity with the predicted 2894 amino acid product of the Drosophila melanogaster tumor suppressor gene hyperplastic discs, while the carboxy-terminal 889 amino acids show 96% identity to a rat 100 kDa HECT domain protein. EDD mRNA was progestin-induced in T-47D cells and was highly abundant in testes and expressed at moderately high levels in other tissues, suggesting a broad role for EDD. Anti-EDD antibodies immunoprecipitated an approximately 300 kDa protein from T-47D cell lysates. HECT family proteins function as E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases, targeting specific proteins for ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. EDD is likely to function as an E3 as in vitro translated protein bound ubiquitin reversibly through a conserved HECT domain cysteine residue. EDD was localized by FISH to chromosome 8q22, a locus disrupted in a variety of cancers. Given the homology between EDD and the hyperplastic discs protein, which is required for control of imaginal disc growth in Drosophila, EDD potentially has a role in regulation of cell proliferation or differentiation. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: Identification, human, HECT family protein, Drosophila, tumor suppressor gene, hyperplastic discs, progestin, genes, T-47D, human, breast cancer cells, EDD, Drosophila melanogaster, tumor suppressor gene, hyperplastic discs, rat, HECT domain protein, EDD mRNA, progestin, T-47D cells, testes, EDD, protein, T-47D cell, HECT family proteins, E3 ubiquitin - protein ligases, ubiquitin, EDD, E3, ubiquitin, HECT domain, cysteine residue, EDD, chromosome 8q22, EDD, hyperplastic discs protein, imaginal disc, Drosophila, EDD Options: AminoAcid, Tissue, Eukaryote, Chemical, Enzyme, MessengerRNA, Chromosome, Gene, ProteinIdentification, ProteinDomain, Protein, Cell

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Identification of a human HECT family protein with homology to the Drosophila tumor suppressor gene hyperplastic discs. Use of the differential display technique to isolate progestin-regulated genes in T-47D human breast cancer cells led to identification of a novel gene, EDD. The cDNA sequence contains a 2799 amino acid open reading frame sharing 40% identity with the predicted 2894 amino acid product of the Drosophila melanogaster tumor suppressor gene hyperplastic discs, while the carboxy-terminal 889 amino acids show 96% identity to a rat 100 kDa HECT domain protein. EDD mRNA was progestin-induced in T-47D cells and was highly abundant in testes and expressed at moderately high levels in other tissues, suggesting a broad role for EDD. Anti-EDD antibodies immunoprecipitated an approximately 300 kDa protein from T-47D cell lysates. HECT family proteins function as E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases, targeting specific proteins for ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. EDD is likely to function as an E3 as in vitro translated protein bound ubiquitin reversibly through a conserved HECT domain cysteine residue. EDD was localized by FISH to chromosome 8q22, a locus disrupted in a variety of cancers. Given the homology between EDD and the hyperplastic discs protein, which is required for control of imaginal disc growth in Drosophila, EDD potentially has a role in regulation of cell proliferation or differentiation.

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[ "Enzyme", "Protein", "Eukaryote", "Gene", "Cell", "AminoAcid", "Chromosome", "ProteinIdentification", "Tissue", "ProteinDomain", "Chemical", "MessengerRNA" ]

Identification, human, HECT family protein, Drosophila, tumor suppressor gene, hyperplastic discs, progestin, genes, T-47D, human, breast cancer cells, EDD, Drosophila melanogaster, tumor suppressor gene, hyperplastic discs, rat, HECT domain protein, EDD mRNA, progestin, T-47D cells, testes, EDD, protein, T-47D cell, HECT family proteins, E3 ubiquitin - protein ligases, ubiquitin, EDD, E3, ubiquitin, HECT domain, cysteine residue, EDD, chromosome 8q22, EDD, hyperplastic discs protein, imaginal disc, Drosophila, EDD

12_task2

Sentence: Identification of a human HECT family protein with homology to the Drosophila tumor suppressor gene hyperplastic discs. Use of the differential display technique to isolate progestin-regulated genes in T-47D human breast cancer cells led to identification of a novel gene, EDD. The cDNA sequence contains a 2799 amino acid open reading frame sharing 40% identity with the predicted 2894 amino acid product of the Drosophila melanogaster tumor suppressor gene hyperplastic discs, while the carboxy-terminal 889 amino acids show 96% identity to a rat 100 kDa HECT domain protein. EDD mRNA was progestin-induced in T-47D cells and was highly abundant in testes and expressed at moderately high levels in other tissues, suggesting a broad role for EDD. Anti-EDD antibodies immunoprecipitated an approximately 300 kDa protein from T-47D cell lysates. HECT family proteins function as E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases, targeting specific proteins for ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. EDD is likely to function as an E3 as in vitro translated protein bound ubiquitin reversibly through a conserved HECT domain cysteine residue. EDD was localized by FISH to chromosome 8q22, a locus disrupted in a variety of cancers. Given the homology between EDD and the hyperplastic discs protein, which is required for control of imaginal disc growth in Drosophila, EDD potentially has a role in regulation of cell proliferation or differentiation. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Identification of a human HECT family protein with homology to the Drosophila tumor suppressor gene hyperplastic discs. Use of the differential display technique to isolate progestin-regulated genes in T-47D human breast cancer cells led to identification of a novel gene, EDD. The cDNA sequence contains a 2799 amino acid open reading frame sharing 40% identity with the predicted 2894 amino acid product of the Drosophila melanogaster tumor suppressor gene hyperplastic discs, while the carboxy-terminal 889 amino acids show 96% identity to a rat 100 kDa HECT domain protein. EDD mRNA was progestin-induced in T-47D cells and was highly abundant in testes and expressed at moderately high levels in other tissues, suggesting a broad role for EDD. Anti-EDD antibodies immunoprecipitated an approximately 300 kDa protein from T-47D cell lysates. HECT family proteins function as E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases, targeting specific proteins for ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. EDD is likely to function as an E3 as in vitro translated protein bound ubiquitin reversibly through a conserved HECT domain cysteine residue. EDD was localized by FISH to chromosome 8q22, a locus disrupted in a variety of cancers. Given the homology between EDD and the hyperplastic discs protein, which is required for control of imaginal disc growth in Drosophila, EDD potentially has a role in regulation of cell proliferation or differentiation.

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[ "Enzyme", "Protein", "Eukaryote", "Gene", "Cell", "AminoAcid", "Chromosome", "ProteinIdentification", "Tissue", "ProteinDomain", "Chemical", "MessengerRNA" ]

IL-10 is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein, CD4 is a Protein, CD8 is a Protein, CD4 is a Protein, interferon - gamma is a Protein, IFN - gamma is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein, IL-12 is a Protein, IFN - gamma is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein, IFN - gamma is a Protein, type I IFN is a Protein, IFN - gamma is a Protein, T - box 21 is a Protein, T - bet is a Protein, STAT4 is a Protein, IRAK is a Protein, IFN - gamma is a Protein, IL-4 is a Protein, IL-5 is a Protein, IL-13 is a Protein, IL-4 is a Protein, STAT6 is a Protein, GATA binding protein ( GATA)-3 is a Protein, IL-6 is a Protein, TGF - beta is a Protein, RORgammat is a Protein, IFN - gamma is a Protein, ERK1 is a Protein, ERK2 is a Protein, IL-4 is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein, CD4 is a Protein, STAT4 is a Protein, ERK1 is a Protein, ERK2 is a Protein, ERK1 is a Protein, ERK2 is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein

66_task0

Sentence: Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a cytokine with broad anti-inflammatory properties that inhibits macrophage and dendritic cell (DC) function (Moore et al., 2001). IL-10 limits the immune and inflammatory responses to pathogens and gut flora and prevents damage to the host (Moore et al., 2001; O'Garra and Vieira, 2004), but when dysregulated may result in chronic infection (Brooks et al., 2006; Ejrnaes et al., 2006; Moore et al., 2001). IL-10 is expressed by T helper 2 (Th2) cells, B cells, DCs, and macrophages (Moore et al., 2001), and also by Th1 cells (Anderson et al., 2007; Assenmacher et al., 1994; Del Prete et al., 1993; Gerosa et al., 1996; Jankovic et al., 2007; Pohl-Koppe et al., 1998) and (reviewed in O'Garra and Vieira, 2007; Trinchieri, 2007), certain regulatory (Treg) T cells (Moore et al., 2001; O'Garra and Vieira, 2004; Roncarolo et al., 2006), and Th17 cells (Awasthi et al., 2007; Fitzgerald et al., 2007; McGeachy et al., 2007; Stumhofer et al., 2007). In vitro human CD4+ and CD8+ T cell clones, or mouse CD4+ T cells that produce both interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-10, can be differentiated by T cell receptor (TCR)-stimulation in the presence of IL-12 (Chang et al., 2007; Gerosa et al., 1996; Jeannin et al., 1996; Meyaard et al., 1996; Windhagen et al., 1996). Furthermore, Th1 cell clones coproducing IFN-gamma and IL-10 have been isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients (Gerosa et al., 1999). IL-10 production by Th1 cells was also reported in animals infected with Toxoplasma gondii (Jankovic et al., 2002; Shaw et al., 2006) or with Leishmania major (Anderson et al., 2007) and shown to be required for regulation of the immune response in these infections (Anderson et al., 2007; Jankovic et al., 2007). The relative amounts of IL-10 and IFN-gamma produced by Th1 cells may influence the balance between clearance and persistent infection with certain pathogens (Moore et al., 2001; Trinchieri, 2007), thus determining whether chronic infection or immunopathology ensues. Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell responses differentiate along distinct signaling pathways (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000; Ivanov et al., 2007; Stockinger and Veldhoen, 2007). Th1 cell development requires signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 activation, induced by type I IFN or IFN-gamma, the transcription factor T-box 21 (T-bet), and IL-12-induced STAT4 signaling, which can couple with IL-18-induced IRAK and NF-kappaB transcription factors to drive the high amounts of IFN-gamma required to eradicate intracellular pathogens (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000). Th2 cell development, with expression of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, requires IL-4, STAT6, and the transcription factor GATA binding protein (GATA)-3 (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000). The development of Th17 cells requires IL-6, TGF-beta, and the STAT3-dependent expression of the transcription factor RORgammat (Ivanov et al., 2007; Stockinger and Veldhoen, 2007). Th1 and Th2 cell responses can also be induced by varying the dose of antigen presented to the naive T cell by the antigen-presenting cell (APC). Whereas high doses of antigen, with sustained TCR signaling and extracellular-signal regulated (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation, result in Th1 cells producing IFN-gamma via an IL-12-independent mechanism, low doses of antigen, with transient ERK1 and ERK2 activation, favor Th2 responses and IL-4 secretion (Constant et al., 1995; Hosken et al., 1995; Jorritsma et al., 2003; Yamane et al., 2005). Because Th1 and Th2 cells cross regulate each other's development and function and can suppress Th17 cell responses, and all differentiate along distinct signaling pathways (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000; Stockinger and Veldhoen, 2007), IL-10 produced by all these Th cells may thus act as a feedback regulator to control the pathology associated with an overexuberant, albeit efficacious, inflammatory response. Whether IL-10 production by these different Th cell subsets is induced by independent and/or common mechanisms is unknown. Here, we showed that in vitro differentiation of IL-10-producing Th1 cells from naive CD4+ T cells required IL-12-induced STAT4 signaling, strong TCR activation (high antigen dose), and sustained ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, we showed that activation of ERK1 and ERK2 is a requirement for production of IL-10 by Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell subsets. This common but highly regulated pathway for IL-10 induction and maintenance ensures its function as a feedback loop to control damage to the host and also allows a protective response to ensue as opposed to chronic infection. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Protein

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Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a cytokine with broad anti-inflammatory properties that inhibits macrophage and dendritic cell (DC) function (Moore et al., 2001). IL-10 limits the immune and inflammatory responses to pathogens and gut flora and prevents damage to the host (Moore et al., 2001; O'Garra and Vieira, 2004), but when dysregulated may result in chronic infection (Brooks et al., 2006; Ejrnaes et al., 2006; Moore et al., 2001). IL-10 is expressed by T helper 2 (Th2) cells, B cells, DCs, and macrophages (Moore et al., 2001), and also by Th1 cells (Anderson et al., 2007; Assenmacher et al., 1994; Del Prete et al., 1993; Gerosa et al., 1996; Jankovic et al., 2007; Pohl-Koppe et al., 1998) and (reviewed in O'Garra and Vieira, 2007; Trinchieri, 2007), certain regulatory (Treg) T cells (Moore et al., 2001; O'Garra and Vieira, 2004; Roncarolo et al., 2006), and Th17 cells (Awasthi et al., 2007; Fitzgerald et al., 2007; McGeachy et al., 2007; Stumhofer et al., 2007). In vitro human CD4+ and CD8+ T cell clones, or mouse CD4+ T cells that produce both interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-10, can be differentiated by T cell receptor (TCR)-stimulation in the presence of IL-12 (Chang et al., 2007; Gerosa et al., 1996; Jeannin et al., 1996; Meyaard et al., 1996; Windhagen et al., 1996). Furthermore, Th1 cell clones coproducing IFN-gamma and IL-10 have been isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients (Gerosa et al., 1999). IL-10 production by Th1 cells was also reported in animals infected with Toxoplasma gondii (Jankovic et al., 2002; Shaw et al., 2006) or with Leishmania major (Anderson et al., 2007) and shown to be required for regulation of the immune response in these infections (Anderson et al., 2007; Jankovic et al., 2007). The relative amounts of IL-10 and IFN-gamma produced by Th1 cells may influence the balance between clearance and persistent infection with certain pathogens (Moore et al., 2001; Trinchieri, 2007), thus determining whether chronic infection or immunopathology ensues. Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell responses differentiate along distinct signaling pathways (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000; Ivanov et al., 2007; Stockinger and Veldhoen, 2007). Th1 cell development requires signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 activation, induced by type I IFN or IFN-gamma, the transcription factor T-box 21 (T-bet), and IL-12-induced STAT4 signaling, which can couple with IL-18-induced IRAK and NF-kappaB transcription factors to drive the high amounts of IFN-gamma required to eradicate intracellular pathogens (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000). Th2 cell development, with expression of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, requires IL-4, STAT6, and the transcription factor GATA binding protein (GATA)-3 (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000). The development of Th17 cells requires IL-6, TGF-beta, and the STAT3-dependent expression of the transcription factor RORgammat (Ivanov et al., 2007; Stockinger and Veldhoen, 2007). Th1 and Th2 cell responses can also be induced by varying the dose of antigen presented to the naive T cell by the antigen-presenting cell (APC). Whereas high doses of antigen, with sustained TCR signaling and extracellular-signal regulated (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation, result in Th1 cells producing IFN-gamma via an IL-12-independent mechanism, low doses of antigen, with transient ERK1 and ERK2 activation, favor Th2 responses and IL-4 secretion (Constant et al., 1995; Hosken et al., 1995; Jorritsma et al., 2003; Yamane et al., 2005). Because Th1 and Th2 cells cross regulate each other's development and function and can suppress Th17 cell responses, and all differentiate along distinct signaling pathways (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000; Stockinger and Veldhoen, 2007), IL-10 produced by all these Th cells may thus act as a feedback regulator to control the pathology associated with an overexuberant, albeit efficacious, inflammatory response. Whether IL-10 production by these different Th cell subsets is induced by independent and/or common mechanisms is unknown. Here, we showed that in vitro differentiation of IL-10-producing Th1 cells from naive CD4+ T cells required IL-12-induced STAT4 signaling, strong TCR activation (high antigen dose), and sustained ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, we showed that activation of ERK1 and ERK2 is a requirement for production of IL-10 by Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell subsets. This common but highly regulated pathway for IL-10 induction and maintenance ensures its function as a feedback loop to control damage to the host and also allows a protective response to ensue as opposed to chronic infection.

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[ "Protein" ]

IL-10 is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein, CD4 is a Protein, CD8 is a Protein, CD4 is a Protein, interferon - gamma is a Protein, IFN - gamma is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein, IL-12 is a Protein, IFN - gamma is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein, IFN - gamma is a Protein, type I IFN is a Protein, IFN - gamma is a Protein, T - box 21 is a Protein, T - bet is a Protein, STAT4 is a Protein, IRAK is a Protein, IFN - gamma is a Protein, IL-4 is a Protein, IL-5 is a Protein, IL-13 is a Protein, IL-4 is a Protein, STAT6 is a Protein, GATA binding protein ( GATA)-3 is a Protein, IL-6 is a Protein, TGF - beta is a Protein, RORgammat is a Protein, IFN - gamma is a Protein, ERK1 is a Protein, ERK2 is a Protein, IL-4 is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein, CD4 is a Protein, STAT4 is a Protein, ERK1 is a Protein, ERK2 is a Protein, ERK1 is a Protein, ERK2 is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein, IL-10 is a Protein

66_task1

Sentence: Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a cytokine with broad anti-inflammatory properties that inhibits macrophage and dendritic cell (DC) function (Moore et al., 2001). IL-10 limits the immune and inflammatory responses to pathogens and gut flora and prevents damage to the host (Moore et al., 2001; O'Garra and Vieira, 2004), but when dysregulated may result in chronic infection (Brooks et al., 2006; Ejrnaes et al., 2006; Moore et al., 2001). IL-10 is expressed by T helper 2 (Th2) cells, B cells, DCs, and macrophages (Moore et al., 2001), and also by Th1 cells (Anderson et al., 2007; Assenmacher et al., 1994; Del Prete et al., 1993; Gerosa et al., 1996; Jankovic et al., 2007; Pohl-Koppe et al., 1998) and (reviewed in O'Garra and Vieira, 2007; Trinchieri, 2007), certain regulatory (Treg) T cells (Moore et al., 2001; O'Garra and Vieira, 2004; Roncarolo et al., 2006), and Th17 cells (Awasthi et al., 2007; Fitzgerald et al., 2007; McGeachy et al., 2007; Stumhofer et al., 2007). In vitro human CD4+ and CD8+ T cell clones, or mouse CD4+ T cells that produce both interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-10, can be differentiated by T cell receptor (TCR)-stimulation in the presence of IL-12 (Chang et al., 2007; Gerosa et al., 1996; Jeannin et al., 1996; Meyaard et al., 1996; Windhagen et al., 1996). Furthermore, Th1 cell clones coproducing IFN-gamma and IL-10 have been isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients (Gerosa et al., 1999). IL-10 production by Th1 cells was also reported in animals infected with Toxoplasma gondii (Jankovic et al., 2002; Shaw et al., 2006) or with Leishmania major (Anderson et al., 2007) and shown to be required for regulation of the immune response in these infections (Anderson et al., 2007; Jankovic et al., 2007). The relative amounts of IL-10 and IFN-gamma produced by Th1 cells may influence the balance between clearance and persistent infection with certain pathogens (Moore et al., 2001; Trinchieri, 2007), thus determining whether chronic infection or immunopathology ensues. Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell responses differentiate along distinct signaling pathways (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000; Ivanov et al., 2007; Stockinger and Veldhoen, 2007). Th1 cell development requires signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 activation, induced by type I IFN or IFN-gamma, the transcription factor T-box 21 (T-bet), and IL-12-induced STAT4 signaling, which can couple with IL-18-induced IRAK and NF-kappaB transcription factors to drive the high amounts of IFN-gamma required to eradicate intracellular pathogens (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000). Th2 cell development, with expression of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, requires IL-4, STAT6, and the transcription factor GATA binding protein (GATA)-3 (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000). The development of Th17 cells requires IL-6, TGF-beta, and the STAT3-dependent expression of the transcription factor RORgammat (Ivanov et al., 2007; Stockinger and Veldhoen, 2007). Th1 and Th2 cell responses can also be induced by varying the dose of antigen presented to the naive T cell by the antigen-presenting cell (APC). Whereas high doses of antigen, with sustained TCR signaling and extracellular-signal regulated (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation, result in Th1 cells producing IFN-gamma via an IL-12-independent mechanism, low doses of antigen, with transient ERK1 and ERK2 activation, favor Th2 responses and IL-4 secretion (Constant et al., 1995; Hosken et al., 1995; Jorritsma et al., 2003; Yamane et al., 2005). Because Th1 and Th2 cells cross regulate each other's development and function and can suppress Th17 cell responses, and all differentiate along distinct signaling pathways (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000; Stockinger and Veldhoen, 2007), IL-10 produced by all these Th cells may thus act as a feedback regulator to control the pathology associated with an overexuberant, albeit efficacious, inflammatory response. Whether IL-10 production by these different Th cell subsets is induced by independent and/or common mechanisms is unknown. Here, we showed that in vitro differentiation of IL-10-producing Th1 cells from naive CD4+ T cells required IL-12-induced STAT4 signaling, strong TCR activation (high antigen dose), and sustained ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, we showed that activation of ERK1 and ERK2 is a requirement for production of IL-10 by Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell subsets. This common but highly regulated pathway for IL-10 induction and maintenance ensures its function as a feedback loop to control damage to the host and also allows a protective response to ensue as opposed to chronic infection. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: IL-10, IL-10, IL-10, CD4, CD8, CD4, interferon - gamma, IFN - gamma, IL-10, IL-12, IFN - gamma, IL-10, IL-10, IL-10, IFN - gamma, type I IFN, IFN - gamma, T - box 21, T - bet, STAT4, IRAK, IFN - gamma, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-4, STAT6, GATA binding protein ( GATA)-3, IL-6, TGF - beta, RORgammat, IFN - gamma, ERK1, ERK2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-10, CD4, STAT4, ERK1, ERK2, ERK1, ERK2, IL-10, IL-10 Options: Protein

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Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a cytokine with broad anti-inflammatory properties that inhibits macrophage and dendritic cell (DC) function (Moore et al., 2001). IL-10 limits the immune and inflammatory responses to pathogens and gut flora and prevents damage to the host (Moore et al., 2001; O'Garra and Vieira, 2004), but when dysregulated may result in chronic infection (Brooks et al., 2006; Ejrnaes et al., 2006; Moore et al., 2001). IL-10 is expressed by T helper 2 (Th2) cells, B cells, DCs, and macrophages (Moore et al., 2001), and also by Th1 cells (Anderson et al., 2007; Assenmacher et al., 1994; Del Prete et al., 1993; Gerosa et al., 1996; Jankovic et al., 2007; Pohl-Koppe et al., 1998) and (reviewed in O'Garra and Vieira, 2007; Trinchieri, 2007), certain regulatory (Treg) T cells (Moore et al., 2001; O'Garra and Vieira, 2004; Roncarolo et al., 2006), and Th17 cells (Awasthi et al., 2007; Fitzgerald et al., 2007; McGeachy et al., 2007; Stumhofer et al., 2007). In vitro human CD4+ and CD8+ T cell clones, or mouse CD4+ T cells that produce both interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-10, can be differentiated by T cell receptor (TCR)-stimulation in the presence of IL-12 (Chang et al., 2007; Gerosa et al., 1996; Jeannin et al., 1996; Meyaard et al., 1996; Windhagen et al., 1996). Furthermore, Th1 cell clones coproducing IFN-gamma and IL-10 have been isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients (Gerosa et al., 1999). IL-10 production by Th1 cells was also reported in animals infected with Toxoplasma gondii (Jankovic et al., 2002; Shaw et al., 2006) or with Leishmania major (Anderson et al., 2007) and shown to be required for regulation of the immune response in these infections (Anderson et al., 2007; Jankovic et al., 2007). The relative amounts of IL-10 and IFN-gamma produced by Th1 cells may influence the balance between clearance and persistent infection with certain pathogens (Moore et al., 2001; Trinchieri, 2007), thus determining whether chronic infection or immunopathology ensues. Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell responses differentiate along distinct signaling pathways (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000; Ivanov et al., 2007; Stockinger and Veldhoen, 2007). Th1 cell development requires signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 activation, induced by type I IFN or IFN-gamma, the transcription factor T-box 21 (T-bet), and IL-12-induced STAT4 signaling, which can couple with IL-18-induced IRAK and NF-kappaB transcription factors to drive the high amounts of IFN-gamma required to eradicate intracellular pathogens (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000). Th2 cell development, with expression of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, requires IL-4, STAT6, and the transcription factor GATA binding protein (GATA)-3 (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000). The development of Th17 cells requires IL-6, TGF-beta, and the STAT3-dependent expression of the transcription factor RORgammat (Ivanov et al., 2007; Stockinger and Veldhoen, 2007). Th1 and Th2 cell responses can also be induced by varying the dose of antigen presented to the naive T cell by the antigen-presenting cell (APC). Whereas high doses of antigen, with sustained TCR signaling and extracellular-signal regulated (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation, result in Th1 cells producing IFN-gamma via an IL-12-independent mechanism, low doses of antigen, with transient ERK1 and ERK2 activation, favor Th2 responses and IL-4 secretion (Constant et al., 1995; Hosken et al., 1995; Jorritsma et al., 2003; Yamane et al., 2005). Because Th1 and Th2 cells cross regulate each other's development and function and can suppress Th17 cell responses, and all differentiate along distinct signaling pathways (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000; Stockinger and Veldhoen, 2007), IL-10 produced by all these Th cells may thus act as a feedback regulator to control the pathology associated with an overexuberant, albeit efficacious, inflammatory response. Whether IL-10 production by these different Th cell subsets is induced by independent and/or common mechanisms is unknown. Here, we showed that in vitro differentiation of IL-10-producing Th1 cells from naive CD4+ T cells required IL-12-induced STAT4 signaling, strong TCR activation (high antigen dose), and sustained ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, we showed that activation of ERK1 and ERK2 is a requirement for production of IL-10 by Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell subsets. This common but highly regulated pathway for IL-10 induction and maintenance ensures its function as a feedback loop to control damage to the host and also allows a protective response to ensue as opposed to chronic infection.

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[ "Protein" ]

IL-10, IL-10, IL-10, CD4, CD8, CD4, interferon - gamma, IFN - gamma, IL-10, IL-12, IFN - gamma, IL-10, IL-10, IL-10, IFN - gamma, type I IFN, IFN - gamma, T - box 21, T - bet, STAT4, IRAK, IFN - gamma, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-4, STAT6, GATA binding protein ( GATA)-3, IL-6, TGF - beta, RORgammat, IFN - gamma, ERK1, ERK2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-10, CD4, STAT4, ERK1, ERK2, ERK1, ERK2, IL-10, IL-10

66_task2

Sentence: Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a cytokine with broad anti-inflammatory properties that inhibits macrophage and dendritic cell (DC) function (Moore et al., 2001). IL-10 limits the immune and inflammatory responses to pathogens and gut flora and prevents damage to the host (Moore et al., 2001; O'Garra and Vieira, 2004), but when dysregulated may result in chronic infection (Brooks et al., 2006; Ejrnaes et al., 2006; Moore et al., 2001). IL-10 is expressed by T helper 2 (Th2) cells, B cells, DCs, and macrophages (Moore et al., 2001), and also by Th1 cells (Anderson et al., 2007; Assenmacher et al., 1994; Del Prete et al., 1993; Gerosa et al., 1996; Jankovic et al., 2007; Pohl-Koppe et al., 1998) and (reviewed in O'Garra and Vieira, 2007; Trinchieri, 2007), certain regulatory (Treg) T cells (Moore et al., 2001; O'Garra and Vieira, 2004; Roncarolo et al., 2006), and Th17 cells (Awasthi et al., 2007; Fitzgerald et al., 2007; McGeachy et al., 2007; Stumhofer et al., 2007). In vitro human CD4+ and CD8+ T cell clones, or mouse CD4+ T cells that produce both interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-10, can be differentiated by T cell receptor (TCR)-stimulation in the presence of IL-12 (Chang et al., 2007; Gerosa et al., 1996; Jeannin et al., 1996; Meyaard et al., 1996; Windhagen et al., 1996). Furthermore, Th1 cell clones coproducing IFN-gamma and IL-10 have been isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients (Gerosa et al., 1999). IL-10 production by Th1 cells was also reported in animals infected with Toxoplasma gondii (Jankovic et al., 2002; Shaw et al., 2006) or with Leishmania major (Anderson et al., 2007) and shown to be required for regulation of the immune response in these infections (Anderson et al., 2007; Jankovic et al., 2007). The relative amounts of IL-10 and IFN-gamma produced by Th1 cells may influence the balance between clearance and persistent infection with certain pathogens (Moore et al., 2001; Trinchieri, 2007), thus determining whether chronic infection or immunopathology ensues. Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell responses differentiate along distinct signaling pathways (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000; Ivanov et al., 2007; Stockinger and Veldhoen, 2007). Th1 cell development requires signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 activation, induced by type I IFN or IFN-gamma, the transcription factor T-box 21 (T-bet), and IL-12-induced STAT4 signaling, which can couple with IL-18-induced IRAK and NF-kappaB transcription factors to drive the high amounts of IFN-gamma required to eradicate intracellular pathogens (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000). Th2 cell development, with expression of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, requires IL-4, STAT6, and the transcription factor GATA binding protein (GATA)-3 (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000). The development of Th17 cells requires IL-6, TGF-beta, and the STAT3-dependent expression of the transcription factor RORgammat (Ivanov et al., 2007; Stockinger and Veldhoen, 2007). Th1 and Th2 cell responses can also be induced by varying the dose of antigen presented to the naive T cell by the antigen-presenting cell (APC). Whereas high doses of antigen, with sustained TCR signaling and extracellular-signal regulated (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation, result in Th1 cells producing IFN-gamma via an IL-12-independent mechanism, low doses of antigen, with transient ERK1 and ERK2 activation, favor Th2 responses and IL-4 secretion (Constant et al., 1995; Hosken et al., 1995; Jorritsma et al., 2003; Yamane et al., 2005). Because Th1 and Th2 cells cross regulate each other's development and function and can suppress Th17 cell responses, and all differentiate along distinct signaling pathways (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000; Stockinger and Veldhoen, 2007), IL-10 produced by all these Th cells may thus act as a feedback regulator to control the pathology associated with an overexuberant, albeit efficacious, inflammatory response. Whether IL-10 production by these different Th cell subsets is induced by independent and/or common mechanisms is unknown. Here, we showed that in vitro differentiation of IL-10-producing Th1 cells from naive CD4+ T cells required IL-12-induced STAT4 signaling, strong TCR activation (high antigen dose), and sustained ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, we showed that activation of ERK1 and ERK2 is a requirement for production of IL-10 by Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell subsets. This common but highly regulated pathway for IL-10 induction and maintenance ensures its function as a feedback loop to control damage to the host and also allows a protective response to ensue as opposed to chronic infection. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a cytokine with broad anti-inflammatory properties that inhibits macrophage and dendritic cell (DC) function (Moore et al., 2001). IL-10 limits the immune and inflammatory responses to pathogens and gut flora and prevents damage to the host (Moore et al., 2001; O'Garra and Vieira, 2004), but when dysregulated may result in chronic infection (Brooks et al., 2006; Ejrnaes et al., 2006; Moore et al., 2001). IL-10 is expressed by T helper 2 (Th2) cells, B cells, DCs, and macrophages (Moore et al., 2001), and also by Th1 cells (Anderson et al., 2007; Assenmacher et al., 1994; Del Prete et al., 1993; Gerosa et al., 1996; Jankovic et al., 2007; Pohl-Koppe et al., 1998) and (reviewed in O'Garra and Vieira, 2007; Trinchieri, 2007), certain regulatory (Treg) T cells (Moore et al., 2001; O'Garra and Vieira, 2004; Roncarolo et al., 2006), and Th17 cells (Awasthi et al., 2007; Fitzgerald et al., 2007; McGeachy et al., 2007; Stumhofer et al., 2007). In vitro human CD4+ and CD8+ T cell clones, or mouse CD4+ T cells that produce both interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-10, can be differentiated by T cell receptor (TCR)-stimulation in the presence of IL-12 (Chang et al., 2007; Gerosa et al., 1996; Jeannin et al., 1996; Meyaard et al., 1996; Windhagen et al., 1996). Furthermore, Th1 cell clones coproducing IFN-gamma and IL-10 have been isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients (Gerosa et al., 1999). IL-10 production by Th1 cells was also reported in animals infected with Toxoplasma gondii (Jankovic et al., 2002; Shaw et al., 2006) or with Leishmania major (Anderson et al., 2007) and shown to be required for regulation of the immune response in these infections (Anderson et al., 2007; Jankovic et al., 2007). The relative amounts of IL-10 and IFN-gamma produced by Th1 cells may influence the balance between clearance and persistent infection with certain pathogens (Moore et al., 2001; Trinchieri, 2007), thus determining whether chronic infection or immunopathology ensues. Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell responses differentiate along distinct signaling pathways (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000; Ivanov et al., 2007; Stockinger and Veldhoen, 2007). Th1 cell development requires signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 activation, induced by type I IFN or IFN-gamma, the transcription factor T-box 21 (T-bet), and IL-12-induced STAT4 signaling, which can couple with IL-18-induced IRAK and NF-kappaB transcription factors to drive the high amounts of IFN-gamma required to eradicate intracellular pathogens (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000). Th2 cell development, with expression of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, requires IL-4, STAT6, and the transcription factor GATA binding protein (GATA)-3 (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000). The development of Th17 cells requires IL-6, TGF-beta, and the STAT3-dependent expression of the transcription factor RORgammat (Ivanov et al., 2007; Stockinger and Veldhoen, 2007). Th1 and Th2 cell responses can also be induced by varying the dose of antigen presented to the naive T cell by the antigen-presenting cell (APC). Whereas high doses of antigen, with sustained TCR signaling and extracellular-signal regulated (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation, result in Th1 cells producing IFN-gamma via an IL-12-independent mechanism, low doses of antigen, with transient ERK1 and ERK2 activation, favor Th2 responses and IL-4 secretion (Constant et al., 1995; Hosken et al., 1995; Jorritsma et al., 2003; Yamane et al., 2005). Because Th1 and Th2 cells cross regulate each other's development and function and can suppress Th17 cell responses, and all differentiate along distinct signaling pathways (Glimcher and Murphy, 2000; Stockinger and Veldhoen, 2007), IL-10 produced by all these Th cells may thus act as a feedback regulator to control the pathology associated with an overexuberant, albeit efficacious, inflammatory response. Whether IL-10 production by these different Th cell subsets is induced by independent and/or common mechanisms is unknown. Here, we showed that in vitro differentiation of IL-10-producing Th1 cells from naive CD4+ T cells required IL-12-induced STAT4 signaling, strong TCR activation (high antigen dose), and sustained ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, we showed that activation of ERK1 and ERK2 is a requirement for production of IL-10 by Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell subsets. This common but highly regulated pathway for IL-10 induction and maintenance ensures its function as a feedback loop to control damage to the host and also allows a protective response to ensue as opposed to chronic infection.

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"-", "gamma", "(", "IFN", "-", "gamma", ")", "and", "IL-10", ",", "can", "be", "differentiated", "by", "T", "cell", "receptor", "(", "TCR)-stimulation", "in", "the", "presence", "of", "IL-12", "(", "Chang", "et", "al", ".", ",", "2007", ";", "Gerosa", "et", "al", ".", ",", "1996", ";", "Jeannin", "et", "al", ".", ",", "1996", ";", "Meyaard", "et", "al", ".", ",", "1996", ";", "Windhagen", "et", "al", ".", ",", "1996", ")", ".", "Furthermore", ",", "Th1", "cell", "clones", "coproducing", "IFN", "-", "gamma", "and", "IL-10", "have", "been", "isolated", "from", "bronchoalveolar", "lavage", "(", "BAL", ")", "of", "active", "pulmonary", "tuberculosis", "(", "TB", ")", "patients", "(", "Gerosa", "et", "al", ".", ",", "1999", ")", ".", "IL-10", "production", "by", "Th1", "cells", "was", "also", "reported", "in", "animals", "infected", "with", "Toxoplasma", "gondii", "(", "Jankovic", "et", "al", ".", ",", "2002", ";", "Shaw", "et", "al", ".", ",", "2006", ")", "or", "with", "Leishmania", "major", "(", "Anderson", "et", "al", ".", ",", "2007", ")", "and", "shown", "to", "be", "required", "for", "regulation", "of", "the", "immune", "response", "in", "these", "infections", "(", "Anderson", "et", "al", ".", ",", "2007", ";", "Jankovic", "et", "al", ".", ",", "2007", ")", ".", "The", "relative", "amounts", "of", "IL-10", "and", "IFN", "-", "gamma", "produced", "by", "Th1", "cells", "may", "influence", "the", "balance", "between", "clearance", "and", "persistent", "infection", "with", "certain", "pathogens", "(", "Moore", "et", "al", ".", ",", "2001", ";", "Trinchieri", ",", "2007", ")", ",", "thus", "determining", "whether", "chronic", "infection", "or", "immunopathology", "ensues", ".", "\n", "Th1", ",", "Th2", ",", "and", "Th17", "cell", "responses", "differentiate", "along", "distinct", "signaling", "pathways", "(", "Glimcher", "and", "Murphy", ",", "2000", ";", "Ivanov", "et", "al", ".", ",", "2007", ";", "Stockinger", "and", "Veldhoen", ",", "2007", ")", ".", "Th1", 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"IL-6", ",", "TGF", "-", "beta", ",", "and", "the", "STAT3-dependent", "expression", "of", "the", "transcription", "factor", "RORgammat", "(", "Ivanov", "et", "al", ".", ",", "2007", ";", "Stockinger", "and", "Veldhoen", ",", "2007", ")", ".", "\n", "Th1", "and", "Th2", "cell", "responses", "can", "also", "be", "induced", "by", "varying", "the", "dose", "of", "antigen", "presented", "to", "the", "naive", "T", "cell", "by", "the", "antigen", "-", "presenting", "cell", "(", "APC", ")", ".", "Whereas", "high", "doses", "of", "antigen", ",", "with", "sustained", "TCR", "signaling", "and", "extracellular", "-", "signal", "regulated", "(", "ERK", ")", "mitogen", "-", "activated", "protein", "kinase", "(", "MAPK", ")", "phosphorylation", ",", "result", "in", "Th1", "cells", "producing", "IFN", "-", "gamma", "via", "an", "IL-12-independent", "mechanism", ",", "low", "doses", "of", "antigen", ",", "with", "transient", "ERK1", "and", "ERK2", "activation", ",", "favor", "Th2", "responses", "and", 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[ "Protein" ]

I kappa B - alpha is a Protein, MAD-3 is a Protein, TNF - alpha is a Protein, I kappa B - alpha is a Protein, I kappa B - alpha is a Protein, I kappa B - alpha is a Protein, IL-8 is a Protein, IL-1 beta is a Protein, tuberculin is a Protein, I kappa B - alpha is a Protein, I kappa B - alpha is a Protein

793_task0

Sentence: Regulation of nuclear factor-kappa B and its inhibitor I kappa B-alpha/MAD-3 in monocytes by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and during human tuberculosis. Blood monocytes from patients with active tuberculosis are activated in vivo, as evidenced by an increase in the stimulated release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, and the spontaneous expression of IL-2R. Further, monocytes from patients demonstrate an augmented susceptibility to a productive infection with HIV-1 in vitro. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its components are strong signals to activate monocytes to production of cytokines. In this study we examined the basis of activation of monocytes during active tuberculosis and by M. tuberculosis. We found a constitutive degradation of I kappa B-alpha, the major cytoplasmic inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), in freshly isolated PBMC and monocytes from patients with tuberculosis. In contrast, I kappa B-alpha levels in PBMC and monocytes from healthy subjects or from patients with nontuberculous pulmonary conditions were intact. Further, by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, NF-kappa B was activated in monocytes from tuberculous patients. The expression of I kappa B-alpha gene, which is responsive to activation by NF-kappa B, was up-regulated in PBMC and monocytes from patients, but not in mononuclear cells from healthy subjects or those with nontuberculous lung diseases. By contrast, the expression of other adherence-associated early genes, such as IL-8 and IL-1 beta, was not up-regulated in PBMC of tuberculous patients. Further, M. tuberculosis and its tuberculin, purified protein derivative, induced the degradation of I kappa B-alpha and the expression of I kappa B-alpha mRNA, and purified protein derivative induced the activation of NF-kappa B in monocytes. Instructions: please extract entities and their types from the input sentence, all entity types are in options Options: Protein

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Regulation of nuclear factor-kappa B and its inhibitor I kappa B-alpha/MAD-3 in monocytes by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and during human tuberculosis. Blood monocytes from patients with active tuberculosis are activated in vivo, as evidenced by an increase in the stimulated release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, and the spontaneous expression of IL-2R. Further, monocytes from patients demonstrate an augmented susceptibility to a productive infection with HIV-1 in vitro. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its components are strong signals to activate monocytes to production of cytokines. In this study we examined the basis of activation of monocytes during active tuberculosis and by M. tuberculosis. We found a constitutive degradation of I kappa B-alpha, the major cytoplasmic inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), in freshly isolated PBMC and monocytes from patients with tuberculosis. In contrast, I kappa B-alpha levels in PBMC and monocytes from healthy subjects or from patients with nontuberculous pulmonary conditions were intact. Further, by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, NF-kappa B was activated in monocytes from tuberculous patients. The expression of I kappa B-alpha gene, which is responsive to activation by NF-kappa B, was up-regulated in PBMC and monocytes from patients, but not in mononuclear cells from healthy subjects or those with nontuberculous lung diseases. By contrast, the expression of other adherence-associated early genes, such as IL-8 and IL-1 beta, was not up-regulated in PBMC of tuberculous patients. Further, M. tuberculosis and its tuberculin, purified protein derivative, induced the degradation of I kappa B-alpha and the expression of I kappa B-alpha mRNA, and purified protein derivative induced the activation of NF-kappa B in monocytes.

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[ "Protein" ]

I kappa B - alpha is a Protein, MAD-3 is a Protein, TNF - alpha is a Protein, I kappa B - alpha is a Protein, I kappa B - alpha is a Protein, I kappa B - alpha is a Protein, IL-8 is a Protein, IL-1 beta is a Protein, tuberculin is a Protein, I kappa B - alpha is a Protein, I kappa B - alpha is a Protein

793_task1

Sentence: Regulation of nuclear factor-kappa B and its inhibitor I kappa B-alpha/MAD-3 in monocytes by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and during human tuberculosis. Blood monocytes from patients with active tuberculosis are activated in vivo, as evidenced by an increase in the stimulated release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, and the spontaneous expression of IL-2R. Further, monocytes from patients demonstrate an augmented susceptibility to a productive infection with HIV-1 in vitro. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its components are strong signals to activate monocytes to production of cytokines. In this study we examined the basis of activation of monocytes during active tuberculosis and by M. tuberculosis. We found a constitutive degradation of I kappa B-alpha, the major cytoplasmic inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), in freshly isolated PBMC and monocytes from patients with tuberculosis. In contrast, I kappa B-alpha levels in PBMC and monocytes from healthy subjects or from patients with nontuberculous pulmonary conditions were intact. Further, by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, NF-kappa B was activated in monocytes from tuberculous patients. The expression of I kappa B-alpha gene, which is responsive to activation by NF-kappa B, was up-regulated in PBMC and monocytes from patients, but not in mononuclear cells from healthy subjects or those with nontuberculous lung diseases. By contrast, the expression of other adherence-associated early genes, such as IL-8 and IL-1 beta, was not up-regulated in PBMC of tuberculous patients. Further, M. tuberculosis and its tuberculin, purified protein derivative, induced the degradation of I kappa B-alpha and the expression of I kappa B-alpha mRNA, and purified protein derivative induced the activation of NF-kappa B in monocytes. Instructions: please typing these entity words according to sentence: I kappa B - alpha, MAD-3, TNF - alpha, I kappa B - alpha, I kappa B - alpha, I kappa B - alpha, IL-8, IL-1 beta, tuberculin, I kappa B - alpha, I kappa B - alpha Options: Protein

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Regulation of nuclear factor-kappa B and its inhibitor I kappa B-alpha/MAD-3 in monocytes by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and during human tuberculosis. Blood monocytes from patients with active tuberculosis are activated in vivo, as evidenced by an increase in the stimulated release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, and the spontaneous expression of IL-2R. Further, monocytes from patients demonstrate an augmented susceptibility to a productive infection with HIV-1 in vitro. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its components are strong signals to activate monocytes to production of cytokines. In this study we examined the basis of activation of monocytes during active tuberculosis and by M. tuberculosis. We found a constitutive degradation of I kappa B-alpha, the major cytoplasmic inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), in freshly isolated PBMC and monocytes from patients with tuberculosis. In contrast, I kappa B-alpha levels in PBMC and monocytes from healthy subjects or from patients with nontuberculous pulmonary conditions were intact. Further, by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, NF-kappa B was activated in monocytes from tuberculous patients. The expression of I kappa B-alpha gene, which is responsive to activation by NF-kappa B, was up-regulated in PBMC and monocytes from patients, but not in mononuclear cells from healthy subjects or those with nontuberculous lung diseases. By contrast, the expression of other adherence-associated early genes, such as IL-8 and IL-1 beta, was not up-regulated in PBMC of tuberculous patients. Further, M. tuberculosis and its tuberculin, purified protein derivative, induced the degradation of I kappa B-alpha and the expression of I kappa B-alpha mRNA, and purified protein derivative induced the activation of NF-kappa B in monocytes.

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[ "Protein" ]

I kappa B - alpha, MAD-3, TNF - alpha, I kappa B - alpha, I kappa B - alpha, I kappa B - alpha, IL-8, IL-1 beta, tuberculin, I kappa B - alpha, I kappa B - alpha

793_task2

Sentence: Regulation of nuclear factor-kappa B and its inhibitor I kappa B-alpha/MAD-3 in monocytes by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and during human tuberculosis. Blood monocytes from patients with active tuberculosis are activated in vivo, as evidenced by an increase in the stimulated release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, and the spontaneous expression of IL-2R. Further, monocytes from patients demonstrate an augmented susceptibility to a productive infection with HIV-1 in vitro. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its components are strong signals to activate monocytes to production of cytokines. In this study we examined the basis of activation of monocytes during active tuberculosis and by M. tuberculosis. We found a constitutive degradation of I kappa B-alpha, the major cytoplasmic inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), in freshly isolated PBMC and monocytes from patients with tuberculosis. In contrast, I kappa B-alpha levels in PBMC and monocytes from healthy subjects or from patients with nontuberculous pulmonary conditions were intact. Further, by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, NF-kappa B was activated in monocytes from tuberculous patients. The expression of I kappa B-alpha gene, which is responsive to activation by NF-kappa B, was up-regulated in PBMC and monocytes from patients, but not in mononuclear cells from healthy subjects or those with nontuberculous lung diseases. By contrast, the expression of other adherence-associated early genes, such as IL-8 and IL-1 beta, was not up-regulated in PBMC of tuberculous patients. Further, M. tuberculosis and its tuberculin, purified protein derivative, induced the degradation of I kappa B-alpha and the expression of I kappa B-alpha mRNA, and purified protein derivative induced the activation of NF-kappa B in monocytes. Instructions: please extract entity words from the input sentence

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Regulation of nuclear factor-kappa B and its inhibitor I kappa B-alpha/MAD-3 in monocytes by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and during human tuberculosis. Blood monocytes from patients with active tuberculosis are activated in vivo, as evidenced by an increase in the stimulated release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, and the spontaneous expression of IL-2R. Further, monocytes from patients demonstrate an augmented susceptibility to a productive infection with HIV-1 in vitro. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its components are strong signals to activate monocytes to production of cytokines. In this study we examined the basis of activation of monocytes during active tuberculosis and by M. tuberculosis. We found a constitutive degradation of I kappa B-alpha, the major cytoplasmic inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), in freshly isolated PBMC and monocytes from patients with tuberculosis. In contrast, I kappa B-alpha levels in PBMC and monocytes from healthy subjects or from patients with nontuberculous pulmonary conditions were intact. Further, by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, NF-kappa B was activated in monocytes from tuberculous patients. The expression of I kappa B-alpha gene, which is responsive to activation by NF-kappa B, was up-regulated in PBMC and monocytes from patients, but not in mononuclear cells from healthy subjects or those with nontuberculous lung diseases. By contrast, the expression of other adherence-associated early genes, such as IL-8 and IL-1 beta, was not up-regulated in PBMC of tuberculous patients. Further, M. tuberculosis and its tuberculin, purified protein derivative, induced the degradation of I kappa B-alpha and the expression of I kappa B-alpha mRNA, and purified protein derivative induced the activation of NF-kappa B in monocytes.

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[ "Protein" ]