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1,498 | carbon dioxide has had a minuscule effect on global climate. | The effect of combustion-produced carbon dioxide on the global climate, a special case of the greenhouse effect first described in 1896 by Svante Arrhenius, has also been called the Callendar effect. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Greenhouse effect |
2,384 | Climate economics research shows that in reality, we are harming the economy by failing to implement CO2 limits. | The importance of change is illustrated by the fact that world economic energy efficiency is improving at only half the rate of world economic growth. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Climate change mitigation |
1,334 | We simply could never release enough CO2 into the atmosphere to cause the pH to go below 7 [the point in the pH scale at which a solution becomes acidic].” | Also, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) writes in their Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report: "The uptake of anthropogenic carbon since 1750 has led to the ocean becoming more acidic with an average decrease in pH of 0.1 units. | REFUTES | contradiction | Carbon dioxide |
2,076 | Snowfall is increasing in the fall and winter in the Northern Hemisphere and North America with many records being set. | Snowfall records were confirmed all over the Midwest and the Northeast, especially around the Great Lakes. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Cold wave |
2,449 | "January 2008 capped a 12 month period of global temperature drops on all of the major well respected indicators. | It has a duration of approximately 354.37 days. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Year |
2,774 | Actual reconstructions "diverge" from the instrumental series in the last part of 20th century. | The resulting reconstruction went back to 1400, and was published in November as Mann, Park & Bradley 1995. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Hockey stick controversy |
1,061 | warmer oceans have also begun to destabilize glaciers in Greenland and Antarctica | Some of Greenland's largest outlet glaciers, such as Jakobshavn Isbræ and Kangerlussuaq Glacier, are flowing faster into the ocean. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Sea level rise |
1,617 | IPCC human-caused global warming attribution confidence is unfounded. | They provide an analysis of what is known and not known, the degree of consensus, and some indication of the degree of confidence that can be placed on the various statements and conclusions." | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Scientific consensus on climate change |
3,074 | Fourth Assessment Report (AR4), in which the likely range is given as 2.0°C to 4.5°C, with a best estimate of 3.0°C" (Pat Michaels) | Scenario B1 Best estimate temperature rise of 1.8 °C with a likely range of 1.1 to 2.9 °C (3.2 °F with a likely range of 2.0 to 5.2 °F) Sea level rise likely range [18 to 38 cm] (7 to 15 inches) Scenario A1T Best estimate temperature rise of 2.4 °C with a likely range of 1.4 to 3.8 °C (4.3 °F with a likely range of 2.5 to 6.8 °F) Sea level rise likely range [20 to 45 cm] (8 to 18 inches) Scenario B2 Best estimate temperature rise of 2.4 °C with a likely range of 1.4 to 3.8 °C (4.3 °F with a likely range of 2.5 to 6.8 °F) Sea level rise likely range [20 to 43 cm] (8 to 17 inches) Scenario A1B Best estimate temperature rise of 2.8 °C with a likely range of 1.7 to 4.4 °C (5.0 °F with a likely range of 3.1 to 7.9 °F) Sea level rise likely range [21 to 48 cm] (8 to 19 inches) Scenario A2 Best estimate temperature rise of 3.4 °C with a likely range of 2.0 to 5.4 °C (6.1 °F with a likely range of 3.6 to 9.7 °F) Sea level rise likely range [23 to 51 cm] (9 to 20 inches) Scenario A1FI Best estimate temperature rise of 4.0 °C with a likely range of 2.4 to 6.4 °C (7.2 °F with a likely range of 4.3 to 11.5 °F) Sea level rise likely range [26 to 59 cm] (10 to 23 inches) "Both past and future anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions will continue to contribute to warming and sea level rise for more than a millennium, due to the timescales required for removal of this gas from the atmosphere." | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | IPCC Fourth Assessment Report |
626 | The trend has been measured by a network of tidal gauges, many of which have been collecting data for over a century. | More precise data gathered from satellite radar measurements reveal an accelerating rise of 7.5 cm (3.0 in) from 1993 to 2017, which is a trend of roughly 30 cm (12 in) per century. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Sea level rise |
2,317 | What they find is sea level rise has been steadily accelerating over the past century. | Climate scientists expect the rate to further accelerate during the 21st century. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Sea level rise |
2,468 | "Satellite measurements indicate an absence of significant global warming since 1979, the very period that human carbon dioxide emissions have been increasing rapidly. | Increases in atmospheric concentrations of CO 2 and other long-lived greenhouse gases such as methane, nitrous oxide and ozone have correspondingly strengthened their absorption and emission of infrared radiation, causing the rise in average global temperature since the mid-20th century. | REFUTES | contradiction | Carbon dioxide |
1,656 | The natural cycle adds and removes CO2 to keep a balance; humans add extra CO2 without removing any. | Various carbon dioxide scrubbing processes have been proposed to remove CO 2 from the air, usually using a variant of the Kraft process. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Carbon sequestration |
775 | Instead of negotiating over climate change policies and trying to make them more market-oriented, some political conservatives have taken the approach of blocking them by trying to undermine the science. | Neoliberal frameworks that are often echoed by conservatives, such as support for the free market economy, are posited against climate action interventions that inherently place constraints on the free economy through support for renewable energy through subsidies or through additional tax on nonrenewable sources of energy. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Framing (social sciences) |
2,857 | Weather is chaotic because air is light, it has low friction and viscosity, it expands strongly when in contact with hot surfaces and it conducts heat poorly. | Liquids tend to have better thermal conductivity than gases, and the ability to flow makes a liquid suitable for removing excess heat from mechanical components. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Liquid |
905 | “Some experts, such as UN climate scientist Dr. Indur Goklany, have defended rising CO2 levels as a good thing for humanity. | It is likely that anthropogenic (i.e., human-induced) warming, such as that due to elevated greenhouse gas levels, has had a discernible influence on many physical and biological systems. | REFUTES | contradiction | Greenhouse gas |
502 | But abnormal temperature spikes in February and earlier this month have left it vulnerable to winds, which have pushed the ice further away from the coast than at any time since satellite records began in the 1970s.” | Extratropical cyclones can bring cold and dangerous conditions with heavy rain and snow with winds exceeding 119 km/h (74 mph), (sometimes referred to as windstorms in Europe). | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Precipitation |
2,599 | Small amounts of very active substances can cause large effects. | In the upper range of recreational ethanol concentrations of 20 to 50 mM, depression of the central nervous system is more marked, with effects including complete drunkenness, profound sedation, amnesia, emesis, hypnosis, and eventually unconsciousness. | REFUTES | contradiction | Alcohol (drug) |
2,430 | Even during a period of long term warming, there are short periods of cooling due to climate variability. | El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an irregularly periodic variation in winds and sea surface temperatures over the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, affecting the climate of much of the tropics and subtropics. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | El Niño–Southern Oscillation |
2,857 | Weather is chaotic because air is light, it has low friction and viscosity, it expands strongly when in contact with hot surfaces and it conducts heat poorly. | The bulk viscosity (also called volume viscosity) expresses a type of internal friction that resists the shearless compression or expansion of a fluid. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Viscosity |
2,726 | Humans are emitting 26 gigatonnes of CO2 into the atmosphere. | The burning of fossil fuels produces around 21.3 billion tonnes (21.3 gigatonnes) of carbon dioxide (CO2) per year. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Fossil fuel |
203 | In our lifetime, there has been no correlation between carbon dioxide emissions and temperature | In the scientific literature, there is an overwhelming consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused mainly by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. | REFUTES | contradiction | Global warming |
1,270 | The world’s alpine glaciers recorded a net annual loss of ice for the 36th consecutive year and the Greenland ice sheet … experienced melting over more than 50% of its surface. | In 2006, estimated monthly changes in the mass of Greenland's ice sheet suggest that it is melting at a rate of about 239 cubic kilometers (57 cu mi) per year. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Greenland ice sheet |
717 | Scientists used to think that ice sheets could take millennia to respond to changing climates | There is growing evidence that our climate is changing. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Scientific consensus on climate change |
745 | The past shows that climate change is normal, that warmer times and more atmospheric carbon dioxide have driven biodiversity and that cold times kill.” | The greenhouse effect is a process by which thermal radiation from a planetary atmosphere warms the planet's surface beyond the temperature it would have in the absence of its atmosphere. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere |
2,813 | In fact, the authors go on to estimate climate sensitivity from their findings, calculate a value between 2.3 to 4.1°C. | For constant humidity they computed a climate sensitivity of 2.3 °C per doubling of CO2 (which they rounded to 2, the value most often quoted from their work, in the abstract of the paper). | SUPPORTS | entailment | Climate sensitivity |
2,910 | The authors seem to have jumped right into statistical analysis without proposing a physical mechanism that works. | Newell and Simon's physical symbol system hypothesis "A physical symbol system has the necessary and sufficient means of general intelligent action." | SUPPORTS | entailment | Artificial intelligence |
1,948 | Recent record-low water levels in Lake Michigan are evidence that global warming is leading to "the evaporation of our Great Lakes." | "More recently, evaporation over lakes has steadily been increasing, largely due to increases in water surface temperature," Gronewold said. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Great Lakes |
2,570 | The IPCC statement on Amazon rain forests is correct. | The date of 2035 has been correctly quoted by the IPCC from the WWF report, which has misquoted its own source, an ICSI report "Variations of Snow and Ice in the past and at present on a Global and Regional Scale". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |
972 | “Arctic land stores about twice as much carbon as the atmosphere. | Permafrost contains almost twice as much carbon as is present in the atmosphere. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Atmospheric methane |
1,620 | Great Barrier Reef is in good shape. | The Great Barrier Reef can be seen from outer space and is the world's biggest single structure made by living organisms. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Great Barrier Reef |
1,482 | 18 proxies tell us the world was the same or warmer 1,000 years ago. | 2013 used seafloor and lake bed sediment proxies to reconstruct global temperatures over the past 11,300 years, the last 1,000 years of which confirmed the original MBH99 hockey stick graph. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Hockey stick controversy |
1,050 | In Albany, New York, the high temperature of 74 degrees on Thursday was the warmest temperature on record for any day during the months of December, January and February. | The normal winter high from December through March is about 36 °F (2 °C), with January and February being the coldest months; January 2019's polar vortex nearly broke the city's cold record of minus 27 degrees, which was set on January 20, 1985. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Chicago |
1,170 | If a major hurricane is approaching with a predicted storm surge of 10-14 feet, are you really going to worry about a sea level rise of 1 inch per decade?” | It was also forecast that the storm surge in Lake Pontchartrain would reach 14–18 feet (4.3–5.5 m), with waves reaching 7 feet (2 m) above the storm surge. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Effects of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans |
811 | But [climate scientists] say that aspects of the case of Hurricane Harvey—and the recent history of tropical cyclones worldwide—suggest global warming is making a bad situation worse. | The Gulf of Mexico is known for hurricanes in August, so their incidence alone cannot be attributed to global warming, but the warming climate does influence certain attributes of storms. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Hurricane Harvey |
519 | Since then, the planet has been cooling on a millennial scale | "Centennial-scale climate cooling with a sudden event around 8,200 years ago". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Holocene |
2,611 | The final amount of extra CO2 that remains in the atmosphere stays there on a time scale of centuries. | Eventually, the land and oceans will take up most of the extra carbon dioxide, but as much as 20 percent may remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years." | SUPPORTS | entailment | Global warming |
424 | Duffy pointed out that his chart was from a single tide gauge station, near San Francisco, and that sea levels rise at different rates around the world | An offshore epicenter is supported by the occurrence of a local tsunami recorded by a tide gauge at the San Francisco Presidio; the wave had an amplitude of approximately 3 in (8 cm) and an approximate period of 40–45 minutes. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | 1906 San Francisco earthquake |
736 | But the new research shows that the amount of oxygen in those shells doesn’t actually remain constant over time. | Paleoclimatologists measure the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 in the shells and skeletons of marine organisms to determine the climate millions of years ago (see oxygen isotope ratio cycle). | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Oxygen |
2,509 | In 1905, PDO switched to a warm phase. | 1976/1977: PDO changed to a "warm" phase. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Pacific decadal oscillation |
1,273 | The rapid changes in the climate may have profound consequences for humans and other species… Severe drought caused food shortages for millions of people in Ethiopia, with a lack of rainfall resulting in “intense and widespread” forest fires in Indonesia that belched out a vast quantity of greenhouse gas | According to the WWF, the combination of climate change and deforestation increases the drying effect of dead trees that fuels forest fires. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Drought |
2,236 | The majority of peer reviewed research at the time predicted warming due to increasing CO2. | Academic analysis of the peer-reviewed studies published at that time shows that most papers examining aspects of climate during the 1970s were either neutral or showed a warming trend. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global cooling |
1,725 | The iris hypothesis has not withstood the test of time - subsequent research | Mathematics portal Binary classification Detection theory Egon Pearson Ethics in mathematics False positive paradox Family-wise error rate Information retrieval performance measures Neyman–Pearson lemma Null hypothesis Probability of a hypothesis for Bayesian inference Precision and recall Prosecutor's fallacy Prozone phenomenon Receiver operating characteristic Sensitivity and specificity Statisticians' and engineers' cross-reference of statistical terms Testing hypotheses suggested by the data Type III error "Explorable - Think Outside The Box - Research, Experiments, Psychology, Self-Help". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Type I and type II errors |
1,506 | Most likely the primary control knob on climate change is the ocean waters and this environment that we live in. | "Episodic fresh surface waters in the Eocene Arctic Ocean". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Climate change (general concept) |
716 | Pollard and DeConto are the first to admit that their model is still crude, but its results have pushed the entire scientific community into emergency mode. | In addition to testing hypotheses, scientists may also generate a model, an attempt to describe or depict the phenomenon in terms of a logical, physical or mathematical representation and to generate new hypotheses that can be tested, based on observable phenomena. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Science |
2,227 | Every part of the Earth's climate system has continued warming since 1998, with 2015 shattering temperature records. | Throughout this period ocean heat storage continued to progress steadily upwards, and in subsequent years surface temperatures have spiked upwards. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global warming |
2,214 | "We found [U.S. weather] stations located next to the exhaust fans of air conditioning units, surrounded by asphalt parking lots and roads, on blistering-hot rooftops, and near sidewalks and buildings that absorb and radiate heat. | Although these large towers are very prominent, the vast majority of cooling towers are much smaller, including many units installed on or near buildings to discharge heat from air conditioning. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Cooling tower |
2,257 | 'Our harmless emissions of trifling quantities of carbon dioxide cannot possibly acidify the oceans. | Carbon dioxide dissolves in the ocean to form carbonic acid (H2CO3), bicarbonate (HCO3−) and carbonate (CO32−). | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Carbon dioxide |
1,603 | Coral atolls grow as sea levels rise. | Gradual sea-level rise also allows for coral polyp activity to raise the atolls with the sea level. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Climate change in Tuvalu |
1,616 | UAH atmospheric temperatures prove climate models and/or surface temperature data sets are wrong. | Specifically, surface data showed substantial global-average warming, while early versions of satellite and radiosonde data showed little or no warming above the surface. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Microwave Sounding Unit temperature measurements |
1,343 | roughly three-quarters of the tidal flood days now occurring in towns along the East Coast would not be happening in the absence of the rise in the sea level caused by human emissions. | Even if emission of greenhouse gases stopped overnight, sea level rise will continue for centuries to come. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Effects of global warming |
645 | Scientists just discovered a massive, heretofore unknown, source of nitrogen | It was first discovered and isolated by Scottish physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Nitrogen |
1,066 | […] in fact this pattern is already emerging, with the conditions that create extremely warm dry years and extremely wet years both becoming more frequent. | In other words, regions which are dry at present will generally become even drier, while regions that are currently wet will generally become even wetter. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Physical impacts of climate change |
2,289 | In fact, in recent years when cosmic rays should have been having their largest cooling effect on record, temperatures have been at their highest on record. | Even accounting for the presence of internal climate variability, recent years rank among the warmest on record. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Instrumental temperature record |
1,842 | A video shows Koko the gorilla spontaneously using sign language to issue a warning about climate change. | Her instructor and caregiver, Francine Patterson, reported that Koko had an active vocabulary of more than 1,000 signs of what Patterson calls "Gorilla Sign Language" (GSL). | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Koko (gorilla) |
2,981 | Thus rather than a "doomsday" cycle of runaway warming, Mother Earth appears surprisingly tolerant of carbon, decreasing atmospheric levels of water vapor -- a more effective greenhouse gas -- to compensate. | Water vapor and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere provide a temperature buffer (greenhouse effect) which helps maintain a relatively steady surface temperature. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Water |
2,840 | Arctic sea ice is also falling at an accelerated rate. | The fast rate of the sea ice melting is resulting in the oceans absorbing and heating up the Arctic. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Arctic sea ice decline |
2,631 | The temperatures are expected to change by as much as 10 Fahrenheit degrees at different places of the globe. | About a billion years from now, all surface water will have disappeared and the mean global temperature will reach 70 °C (158 °F). | REFUTES | contradiction | Earth |
369 | By 2050 there’s a scientific consensus that we reached the tipping point for ice sheets in Greenland and the West Antarctic | "A tipping point in refreezing accelerates mass loss of Greenland's glaciers and ice caps". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Sea level rise |
1,312 | A World Heritage site, it is currently under assault from unusually hot ocean temperatures,” | The city experiences hot, humid summers, and chilly to cold winters. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | St. Louis |
1,517 | Observations throughout the world make it clear that climate change is occurring, and rigorous scientific research demonstrates that the greenhouse gases emitted by human activities are the primary driver. | Scientists have determined that the major factors causing the current climate change are greenhouse gases, land use changes, and aerosols and soot. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Global warming |
1,462 | Both the extent and thickness of Arctic sea ice has declined rapidly over the last several decades. | The amount of multi-year sea ice in the Arctic has declined considerably in recent decades. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Arctic sea ice decline |
1,627 | In the last 35 years of global warming, sun and climate have been going in opposite directions. | Currently, surface temperatures are rising by about 0.2 °C per decade. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global warming |
2,457 | "Of the rise in temperature during the 20th century, the bulk occurred from 1900 to 1940. | The highest temperature ever recorded was 38.2 °C (100.8 °F) at the VVC weather station and 39.0 °C (102.2 °F) in the center of Moscow and Domodedovo airport on July 29, 2010 during the unusual 2010 Northern Hemisphere summer heat waves. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Moscow |
598 | If ECS is as low as the Energy Balance literature suggests, it means that the climate models we have been using for decades run too hot and need to be revised. | They judge that global mean surface air temperature has increased by 0.3 to 0.6 °C over the last 100 years, broadly consistent with prediction of climate models, but also of the same magnitude as natural climate variability. | REFUTES | contradiction | Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |
237 | However the warming trend is slower than most climate models have forecast | Physical climate models are also unable to reproduce the rapid warming observed in recent decades when taking into account only variations in solar output and volcanic activity. | REFUTES | contradiction | Global warming |
2,608 | And their wind and manure emit more than one third of emissions of another, methane, which warms the world 20 times faster than carbon dioxide. | The methane in biogas is 28 times more potent a greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Biogas |
1,576 | Solar cycles cause global warming. | In general, since the 2010s, global oil companies do not dispute that climate change exists and is caused by the burning of fossil fuels. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global warming |
906 | Goklany has argued that the rising level of carbon dioxide in the earth’s atmosphere ‘is currently net beneficial for both humanity and the biosphere generally.” | As stated in the Convention, this requires that greenhouse gas concentrations are stabilized in the atmosphere at a level where ecosystems can adapt naturally to climate change, food production is not threatened, and economic development can be sustained. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global warming |
662 | Rather, global polar bear numbers have been stable or slightly improved.” | Warnings about the future of the polar bear are often contrasted with the fact that worldwide population estimates have increased over the past 50 years and are relatively stable today. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Polar bear |
470 | According to NASA, the globally averaged temperature of the land and ocean was 0.9˚C (1.62˚F) above the 20th century average. | This value is well above 16.1 °C (60.9 °F), the long term global average surface temperature of the oceans. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Sea surface temperature |
805 | The answer lies in the summer’s record-breaking heat, say wildfire experts. | The fires were associated with record-high temperatures, which were attributed to climate change—the summer had been the hottest recorded in Russian history—and drought. | SUPPORTS | entailment | 2010 Russian wildfires |
1,724 | Lindzen and Choi’s paper is viewed as unacceptably flawed by other climate scientists. | Lindzen and Choi revised their paper and submitted it to PNAS. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Richard Lindzen |
1,604 | CO2 increase is natural, not human-caused. | Human activity since the Industrial Revolution has increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, leading to increased radiative forcing from CO2, methane, tropospheric ozone, CFCs, and nitrous oxide. | REFUTES | contradiction | Global warming |
1,644 | Most glaciers are retreating, posing a serious problem for millions who rely on glaciers for water. | A slight cooling led to the advance of many alpine glaciers between 1950 and 1985, but since 1985 glacier retreat and mass loss has become larger and increasingly ubiquitous. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Glacier |
2,754 | "There are many urgent priorities that need the attention of Congress, and it is not for me as an invited guest in your country to say what they are. | identify the priority of the patient's need for medical treatment and transport from the emergency scene. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Triage |
362 | North America suffers extreme weather events including wildfires, drought, and heatwaves. | Yet, recent abnormally intense storms, hurricanes, floods, heatwaves, droughts and associated large-scale wildfires have led to unprecendente negative ecological consequences for tropical forests and coral reefs around the world. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Extreme weather |
2,152 | Venus doesn't have a runaway greenhouse effect | A runaway greenhouse effect involving carbon dioxide and water vapor has long ago been hypothesized to have occurred on Venus, this idea is still largely accepted[citation needed]. | REFUTES | contradiction | Greenhouse effect |
1,022 | If water temperatures stay moderate, the damaged sections of the Great Barrier Reef may be covered with corals again in as few as 10 or 15 years | In 2016, bleaching of coral on the Great Barrier Reef killed between 29 and 50 percent of the reef's coral. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Coral bleaching |
307 | For instance, wind turbines kill birds and insects, and palm-oil plantations destroy the biodiversity of the rainforests | The IUCN maintains that replacing palm oil with other vegetable oils would necessitate greater amounts of agricultural land, negatively affecting biodiversity. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Palm oil |
830 | parts of the Earth will likely become close to uninhabitable | In the case all islands of an island nation become uninhabitable or completely submerged by the sea, the states themselves would also become dissolved. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Sea level rise |
127 | Increased atmospheric carbon dioxide has helped raise global food production and reduce poverty. | Global warming is the result of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations which is caused primarily by the combustion of fossil energy sources such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas, and to an unknown extent by destruction of forests, increased methane, volcanic activity and cement production. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Human impact on the environment |
2,181 | Humans survived past climate changes | Past Climate Variability in South America and Surrounding Regions. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Little Ice Age |
2,152 | Venus doesn't have a runaway greenhouse effect | It may have had water oceans in the past, but these would have vaporized as the temperature rose due to a runaway greenhouse effect. | REFUTES | contradiction | Venus |
1,975 | The claim that 97 percent of scientists believe humans are causing climate change has been debunked by the "head" of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. | The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is an intergovernmental body of the United Nations that is dedicated to providing the world with objective, scientific information relevant to understanding the scientific basis of the risk of human-induced climate change, its natural, political, and economic impacts and risks, and possible response options. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |
952 | The Alaskan tundra is warming so quickly it has become a net emitter of carbon dioxide ahead of schedule, a new study finds | The current Arctic warming is leading to ancient carbon being released from thawing permafrost, leading to methane and carbon dioxide production by micro-organisms. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Arctic |
1,634 | Satellites measure Antarctica losing land ice at an accelerating rate. | found instead that the net change in ice mass is slightly positive at approximately 82 gigatonnes per year (with significant regional variation) which would result in Antarctic activity reducing global sea-level rise by 0.23 mm per year. | REFUTES | contradiction | Antarctica |
1,598 | Adapting to global warming is cheaper than preventing it. | Adaptation is especially important in developing countries since they are predicted to bear the brunt of the effects of global warming. | SUPPORTS | entailment | Global warming |
2,447 | The main reason behind this mid-century cooling was global dimming due to anthropogenic sulfate aerosol emissions. | "Changes in mid-latitude variability due to increasing greenhouse gases and sulphate aerosols". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global dimming |
826 | The latest NOAA report is “a reminder that climate change has not, despite the insistence of climate contrarians ‘paused’ or even slowed down,” Mann said.. | I shall use "climate sceptics" here in the sense of "climate deniers", although there are obvious differences between scepticism and denial (see Shermer, 2010; Kemp, et al., 2010). | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Climate change denial |
2,500 | Believers think the warming is man-made, while the skeptics believe the warming is natural and contributions from man are minimal and certainly not potentially catastrophic à la Al Gore.' | The film's thesis is that global warming is real, potentially catastrophic, and human-caused. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | An Inconvenient Truth |
2,013 | U.S. Sen. Ron Johnson voted to let oil and gas companies emit "unlimited carbon pollution into our air" | Under a cap-and-trade system, permits are issued to various entities for the right to emit GHG emissions that meet emission reduction requirement caps. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Emissions trading |
1,850 | Australian households will benefit to the tune of $550 a year if the carbon tax is axed. | As of the year 2002, the standard carbon tax rate since 1996 amounts to 100 DKK per tonne of CO 2, equivalent to approximately €13 or US$18. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Carbon tax |
3,110 | In those days you couldn’t have seen across the street for all the carbon emissions and the crap coming out of the chimneys.' | Carbon monoxide poisoning and fatalities are often caused by faulty vents and chimneys, or by the burning of charcoal indoors or in a confined space, such as a tent. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Air pollution |
705 | policies based on previous climate model output and predictions might need to be reconsidered | The 2017 United States-published National Climate Assessment notes that "climate models may still be underestimating or missing relevant feedback processes". | SUPPORTS | entailment | Global warming |
2,075 | The rate of global sea level rise on average has fallen by 40% the last century. | Over the 21st century, the IPCC projects that in a very high emissions scenario the sea level could rise by 61–110 cm. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Global warming |
2,912 | temperature under the ice is fixed at -2C. Thus elevated winter air temperatures | The lowest air temperature ever directly measured on Earth was −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F) at Vostok Station in 1983, but satellites have used remote sensing to measure temperatures as low as −94.7 °C (−138.5 °F) in East Antarctica. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Earth |
2,118 | Humans are too insignificant to affect global climate | In order to constitute the Holocene as an extinction event, scientists must determine exactly when anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions began to measurably alter natural atmospheric levels on a global scale, and when these alterations caused changes to global climate. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Holocene extinction |
737 | The new research showed that [oxygen isotopes in foraminifera] can change | Stable isotopes of oxygen (δ18O) and carbon (δ13C) are recorded well in speleothems, giving high-resolution data that can show annual variation in temperature (oxygen isotopes primarily reflect rainfall temperature) and precipitation (carbon isotopes primarily reflect C3/C4 plant composition and plant productivity, but the interpretation is often complicated). | SUPPORTS | entailment | Speleothem |
1,842 | A video shows Koko the gorilla spontaneously using sign language to issue a warning about climate change. | The letter goes on to warn of predicted impacts on the United States such as sea level rise and increases in extreme weather events, water scarcity, heat waves, wildfires, and the disturbance of biological systems. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | neutral | Scientific consensus on climate change |